asura fulguritis is a species of lichen moths of the eribidae family , arctiinae subfamily .

it is found on bali , java , sumatra , pulo laut , borneo and peninsular malaysia .

the habitat consists of lowland and lower montane forests .

asura fulguritis

asura fulguritis hampson , 1900 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . , 2 : 450 .
asura fulguritis ; [ nhm card ] ; [ mob7 ] : 341 , pl . 4 , f . 266 , 415
asura fulguritis hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 450 , pl . 31 , f . 6 ; tl : bali
figures 45 – 47 . barsine and asura spp . : male genitalia . 45 , barsine prominens [ india , meghalaya ] khasis , slide av 1914 m ; 46 , asura cervicalis , the type species of asura , australia , slide av 2380 m volynkin ( © nhm ) ; 47 , asura fulguritis , bali , slide av 5327 m holloway ( © nhm ) .
male genitalic features are as in asura , and are not distinct between the two taxa brought into synonymy . the two differ in the postmedial fascia which is distally bidentate in fulguritis but unidentate in birivula . the two forms appear to occur together in pulo laut , perhaps as a variable population . a series in usnm from 1530m 1km south of kundasang on the slopes of g . kinabalu has the medial fascia closely associated with the postmedial , but the male genitalia are as in other material . all three forms are illustrated .
figures 27 – 33 . barsine and asura spp . : adults . 27 , barsine defecta walker , the type species of barsine , lectotype ♂ , nepal ( © nhm ) ; 28 , ditto , ♂ , n india , uttar pradesh ( zfmk ) ; 29 , ditto , ♀ , n india , uttar pradesh ( zfmk ) ; 30 , barsine cuneonotatus ( walker ) , syntype ♀ , ceylon ( © nhm ) ; 31 , barsine prominens ( moore ) , syntype ♂ , [ india , meghalaya ] khasis ( © nhm ) ; 32 , asura cervicalis walker , the type species of asura , syntype ♂ , australia ( © nhm ) ; 33 , asura fulguritis hampson , holotype ♀ , bali ( © nhm ) .
asura latimargo roepke , 1946 ; tijdschr . ent . 87 : 82 ; tl : todjambu
asura russula kiriakoff , 1963 ; explor . nat . albert 16 ( 2 ) : 99
asura trifasciata roepke , 1946 ; tijdschr . ent . 87 : 80 ; tl : todjambu
asura eala kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 364 , pl . 45 , f . 138
asura compsodes turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 100
asura polyspila turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 99
asura crocoptera turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 98
asura monospila turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 98
asura catameces turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 98
asura crocopepla turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 97
asura coccinocosma turner , 1940 ; proc . r . soc . qd 51 ( 6 ) : 96
asura hermanni kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 364 , pl . 44 , f . 137
asura pinkurata kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 366 , pl . 45 , f . 143
asura lignea cerný , 1995 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo , suppl . 14 : 158
asura mediofascia rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : sambawa
asura snelleni duplicata nieuwenhuis , 1948 ; tijdschr . ent . 89 : 139 ; tl : banggaai arch .
asura distyi kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 363 , pl . 44 , f . 133 - 134
asura doa kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 364 , pl . 44 , f . 135 - 136
asura bipartita rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 ( 3 ) : 330 ; tl : dampier island
asura congoensis kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 361 , pl . 44 , f . 123 - 124
asura friederikeae kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 365 , pl . 45 , f . 141 - 142
asura gigantea kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 362 , pl . 44 , f . 129 - 130
asura magica strand , 1917 ; arch . naturgesch . 82 a ( 3 ) : 124 ; tl : kosempo
asura mutabilis kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 361 , pl . 44 , f . 115 - 119
asura mylea rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 ( 3 ) : 330 ; tl : dampier island
asura spinata kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 362 , pl . 44 , f . 125 - 127
asura versicolor kühne , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 3 : 363 , pl . 44 , f . 131 - 132
asura camerunensis strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 78 a ( 9 ) : 102 ; tl : binbundi , kamerun
= asura perihaemia ; daniel , 1952 , bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 80
asura metahyala hampson , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 106 ; tl : philippines , luzon , los baños
asura postbicolor rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 211 ; tl : dili , timor
asura trizonata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 208 ; tl : great kei island
asura punctata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 207 ; tl : khasia hills , assam
asura strigatula rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 209 ; tl : khasia hills , assam
asura subfulvia kiriakoff , 1954 ; bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg 30 ( 29 ) : 4
asura is a genus of moths in the subfamily arctiinae . some species formerly placed in this genus are now in nepita .
asura birivula hampson , 1900 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . , 2 : 450 , syn . n .
asura ruenca ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 446 ; [ nhm card ]
asura varians ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 451 ; [ nhm card ]
asura sexpuncta ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 461 ; [ nhm card ]
asura uniformis ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 463 ; [ nhm card ]
asura lacteoflava aureata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 208 ; tl : khasia hills , assam
= asura sexualis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 760
= asura conflua ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 748
asura manusi rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 ( 3 ) : 329 ; tl : manus , admiralty is .
asura mimetica rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 212 ; tl : tugela , solomon is .
= asura congerens ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 772
asura thomensis rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 211 ; tl : st thomé , west africa
asura perihaemia ; daniel , 1952 , bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 80 ; [ nhm card ]
asura amabilis rothschild & jordan , 1901 ; novit . zool . 8 ( 4 ) : 424 ; tl : isabel , solomon is .
asura quadrifasciata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 209 ; tl : toli - toli , n . celebes
asura strigibasis de joannis , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 757 ; tl : cha pa
asura parallelina ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 455 , pl . 31 , f . 14
asura phantasma hampson , 1907 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 19 ( 111 ) : 233 ; tl : andamans
asura lydia ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 426 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
asura septemmaculata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 764 ; [ nhm card ]
= asura cancellata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 754 , ♂ nec ♀
asura eos ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 775 ; [ nhm card ]
asura flaveola ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 769 ; [ nhm card ]
asura ochreomaculata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 771 ; [ nhm card ]
asura unicolora ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 777 ; [ nhm card ]
asura brunneofasciata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 770 ; [ nhm card ]
asura cancellata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 754 ; [ nhm card ]
asura geminata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 774 ; [ nhm card ]
asura arenaria rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 205 ; tl : kumusi r . , ne . br . new guinea
asura fulvimarginata hampson , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 22 ) : 357 ; tl : madras , horsleykonda
asura xanthophaea toulgoët , 1977 ; mem . mus . nat . hist . nat . ( n . s . ) ( zool . ) 105 : 78
asura hemixantha hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 426 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; tl : tenimber
asura perihaemia hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 438 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; tl : java
asura ecmelaena hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 438 , pl . 30 , f . 24 ; tl : sangir
asura nigriciliata hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 445 , pl . 30 , f . 19 ; tl : sangir
asura atritermina hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 456 , pl . 31 , f . 23 ; tl : sangir
asura pseudojosiodes rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : nr oetakwa r . , snow mtns , dutch new guinea
asura dinava [ = dinawa ] hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 759 ( emend . )
asura cervicalis walker , 1854 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 2 : 484 ; tl : new holland and van dieman ' s land
asura hieroglyphica rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 207 ; tl : ninay valley , central arfak mts , dutch new guinea , 3500ft
asura orsova swinhoe , 1903 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 11 ( 65 ) : 501 ; tl : sima , muok - lek
asura haemachroa hampson , 1905 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 15 ( 89 ) : 438 ; tl : solomon is . , bougainville
asura miltochristina rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 212 ; tl : biagi , mambare r . , br . new guinea , 5000ft
asura modvena schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 26 ; tl : mt makiling , luzon , philippines
asura birivula hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 450 , pl . 31 , f . 30 ; tl : borneo , sandakan
asura vivida ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 439 , pl . 30 , f . 26 ; [ nhm card ]
asura avernalis ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 441 , pl . 30 , f . 13 ; [ nhm card ]
asura flavida ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 449 , pl . 31 , f . 4 ; [ nhm card ]
asura nigrivena ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 458 , pl . 31 , f . 12 ; [ nhm card ]
asura eos hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 459 , pl . 31 , f . 19 ; tl : java , malang
asura carnea ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 459 , pl . 31 , f . 16 ; [ nhm card ]
asura unipuncta ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 459 , pl . 31 , f . 15 ; [ nhm card ]
asura megala hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 462 , pl . 31 , f . 21 ; tl : china , pekin
asura griseata ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 462 , pl . 31 , f . 22 ; [ nhm card ]
asura chrysomela ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 751 , f . 252 ; [ nhm card ]
mediofascia ( rothschild , 1936 ) ( asura ) ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 17 ( 100 ) : 489 ; tl : new hanover
asura phaeobasis hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 429 , pl . 30 , f . 3 ; tl : louisiades , st . aignan
asura phaeoplagia hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 433 , pl . 30 , f . 4 ; tl : java , mt . arjuno
asura xantherythra hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 563 , pl . 35 , f . 5 ; tl : new guinea , milne bay
asura dentifera hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 564 , pl . 35 , f . 18 ; tl : new guinea , milne bay
asura unicolora bethune - baker , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 425 , pl . 5 , f . 25 ; tl : dinawa ; aroa r .
asura brunneofasciata bethune - baker , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 425 , pl . 5 , f . 24 ; tl : dinawa ; aroa r .
asura insularis rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 212 ; tl : st . aignan , louisiade is . ; goodenough , d ' entrecasteaux is .
asura camerunensis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 822 ( unrecognized ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
asura bipars ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 427 , pl . 30 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
asura cervicalis ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 427 , pl . 30 , f . 23 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
asura erythrias ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 428 , pl . 30 , f . 9 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
asura crocota ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 754 , pl . 39 , f . 19 ; [ nhm card ]
asura hieroglyphica ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 758 , pl . 39 , f . 28 ; [ nhm card ]
asura pseudojosiodes ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 746 , pl . 38 , f . 36 ; [ nhm card ]
asura orsova ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 774 , pl . 40 , f . 22 ; [ nhm card ]
asura albidorsalis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 749 , pl . 39 , f . 11 ; [ nhm card ]
asura albigrisea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 748 , pl . 39 , f . 6 ; [ nhm card ]
asura amabilis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 747 , pl . 9 , f . 5 ; [ nhm card ]
asura arenaria ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 749 , pl . 39 , f . 10 ; [ nhm card ]
asura haemachroa ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 760 , pl . 39 , f . 30 ; [ nhm card ]
asura insularis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 753 , pl . 39 , f . 16 ; [ nhm card ]
asura irregularis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 754 , pl . 39 , f . 20 ; [ nhm card ]
asura lutea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 770 , pl . 40 , f . 14 ; [ nhm card ]
asura mediofascia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 773 , pl . 40 , f . 20 ; [ nhm card ]
asura metascota ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 763 , pl . 40 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ]
asura miltochristina ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 764 , pl . 40 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ]
asura mimetica ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 746 , pl . 39 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ]
asura ocnerioides ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 750 , pl . 39 , f . 12 ; [ nhm card ]
asura postbicolor ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 760 , pl . 39 , f . 31 ; [ nhm card ]
asura quadrifasciata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 765 , pl . 40 , f . 6 ; [ nhm card ]
asura striata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 775 , pl . 40 , f . 23 ; [ nhm card ]
asura tricolor ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 768 , pl . 40 , f . 11 ; [ nhm card ]
asura trizonata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 749 , pl . 39 , f . 9 ; [ nhm card ]
asura likiangensis daniel , 1952 ; bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 82 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : n . yunnan , li - kiang
asura semivitrea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 745 , pl . 38 , f . 35 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
asura pyrostrota hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 753 , pl . 39 , f . 17 ; tl : solomon is . , kulambangra i .
figures 54 – 59 . barsura , barsine and asura spp . : female genitalia . 54 , barsura umbrifera , syntype , china , tibet , slide av 1854 f volynkin ; 55 , barsine umbrosa , e india , khasis , slide av 1935 f volynkin ; 56 , barsine defecta , the type species of barsine , thailand , slide av 1799 f volynkin ; 57 , barsine cuneonotatus , sri lanka , slide bmnh ( e ) arct - 4669 f holloway ( © nhm ) ; 58 , barsine prominens , sikkim , slide av 1917 f volynkin ; 59 , asura cervicalis , the type species of asura , australia , slide bmnh ( e ) arct - 4488 f durante ( © nhm ) .
asura percurrens hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 769 , pl . 40 , f . 13 ; tl : dutch n . guinea , oetakwa r . , snow mts .
asura fuscalis ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 452 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura inconspicua ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 453 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura solita ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 461 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura anomala ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 463 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 22
asura ruptifascia ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 455 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura uniformeola ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 777 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura esmia ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 463 , pl . 31 , f . 8 ; daniel , 1952 , bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 81 ; [ nhm card ]
asura rubrimargo ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 463 , pl . 31 , f . 32 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura floccosa ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 454 , pl . 31 , f . 13 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura aureata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 773 , pl . 40 , f . 18 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura fulvimarginata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 776 , pl . 40 , f . 27 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura obliquilinea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 755 , pl . 39 , f . 22 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura punctata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 755 , pl . 39 , f . 21 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura strigatula ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 775 , pl . 40 , f . 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
asura discisigna ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 460 ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 776 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 23
asura phantasma ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 772 , pl . 40 , f . 16 ; arora , 1983 , rec . zool . surv . india , occ . paper 60 : 38 ; [ nhm card ] ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 24
the facies is more typical of lyclene moore species ( see below ) , with greyish brown lineation on yellow , but the basal zone of the forewing has a characteristic ‘stomatal’ pattern , and there are two fasciae between that and the submarginal longitudinal streaks , rather than one as in the biseriata hampson group .
bali , java , sumatra , pulo laut ; borneo ( incl . pulo laut ) , peninsular malaysia ( ssp . birivula ) .
the species is frequent in lowland and lower montane forest , recorded up to 1530m .
australia ( queensland , new south wales , tasmania ) . see [ maps ]
miltochrista ( ? ) erythrias holland , 1893 ; psyche 6 : 400 ; tl : w . africa , ogové r
miltochrista craigii holland , 1893 ; psyche 6 : 411 ; tl : w . africa , ogové r .
cyme sexualis felder , 1861 ; s . b . akad . wiss . wien 43 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : amboina
lyclene ruenca swinhoe , 1892 ; cat . het . mus . oxford ( 1 ) : 101 , pl . 4 , f . 15 ; tl : sula
miltochrista chypsilon semper , 1899 ; reisen archipel . philipp . 2 : 507 , pl . 59 , f . 14 ; tl : philippines , luzon
miltochrista flavida butler , 1887 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 19 ( 111 ) : 219 ; tl : solomns , alu
lyclene varians hampson , 1893 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 9 : 85 , pl . 158 , f . 10 , 20 , 32 - 33 ; tl : ceylon , pundaloya
lyclene fuscalis hampson , 1891 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 8 : 50 , pl . 139 , f . 9 ; tl : nilgiri plateau , 7000ft
= ? miltochrista strigipennis ( inconsticiua ) ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 855
= ; daniel , 1952 , bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 85 ; [ nhm card ] ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 855
lyclene rubricosa ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43
miltochrista parallelina hampson , 1894 ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 110 ; tl : burma , e . pegu
india ( andamans , arunachal pradesh , assam , manipur , meghalaya , sikkim ) . see [ maps ]
sesapa andamana moore , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 ( 3 ) : 597 ; tl : andamans
miltochrista andamana ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 854 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 45
miltochrista nigrivena leech , 1899 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1899 ( 1 ) : 196 ; tl : ni - tou ; moupin ; omei - shan
= miltochrista infumata ( decisigna ) ; hampson , 1894 , fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 113
miltochrista sexpuncta hampson , 1894 ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 113 ; tl : burma , bernardmyo ?
setina modesta leech , 1899 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1899 ( 1 ) : 200 ; tl : nw . china , kwei - chow
setina griseata leech , 1899 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1899 ( 1 ) : 200 ; tl : w . china , wa - ssu - kow
lithosia anomala elwes , 1890 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1890 : 388 , pl . 32 , f . 14
idopterum rubrimargo hampson , 1894 ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 104 ; tl : sikkim
lyclene ruptifascia hampson , 1893 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 9 : 85 , pl . 158 , f . 12 ; tl : ceylon , newalapittia
tricholepis uniformis hampson , 1893 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 9 : 86 , pl . 157 , f . 29 ; tl : ceylon , newera eliya
= neasura hypophaeola ; daniel , 1952 , bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 88
sikkim , calcutta , ganjam , madras , coimbatore , ceylon . see [ maps ]
trichocerosia zebrina hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 739 , pl . 38 , f . 26 ( turner , ined . ) ; tl : new south wales , lilyvale
eutane semivitrea rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 216 ; tl : fort mackay , queensland
miltochrista biplagiata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 216 ; tl : nr oetakwa r . , snow mtns , dutch new guinea
zygaenosia albigrisea rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 204 ; tl : biagi , mambare r . , br . new guinea , 5000ft
miltochrista cancellata pagenstecher , 1900 ; zoologica , stutt . 12 ( 29 ) : 62 , pl . 2 , f . 27 ; tl : neu - pommern
miltochrista connexa ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 782 , pl . 40 , f . 35 ; [ nhm card ]
diluta draeseke , 1926 ; dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 52
eichorni rothschild , 1936 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 17 ( 100 ) : 489
miltochrista geminata pagenstecher , 1900 ; zoologica , stutt . 12 ( 29 ) : 62 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; tl : neu - pommern
likiangensis grisescens daniel , 1952 ; bonn . zool . beitr . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 83
mimetica flagrans fletcher , 1957 ; in wolff , nat . hist . rennell island , 2 : 38
lyclene obliquilinea swinhoe , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 7 ( 41 ) : 467
obscurodiscalis rothschild , 1936 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 17 ( 100 ) : 489
azura [ sic ] owgarra bethune - baker , 1908 ; novit . zool . 15 : 196 ; tl : owgarra
miltochrista parallelina hampson , 1894 ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 110 ; tl : e . pegu
rhabdota rothschild , 1920 ; j . fed . malay states mus . 8 ( 3 ) : 112
simillima rothschild , 1936 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 17 ( 100 ) : 489
cabarda temperata holland , 1893 ; psyche 6 : 399 ; tl : w . africa
tripuncta ( reich , 1935 ) ( lyclene ) ; int . ent . zeit . 29 : 265
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
on the lepidopterous fauna of andaman and nicobar group of islands ( india ) . family arctiidae
beiträge zur kenntnis der arctiidae ostasiens unter besonderer berücksichtigung der ausbeuten von dr . h . c . h . höne aus diesem gebiet . iii . teil : lithosiinae
an epitome of the natural history of the insects of new holland , new zealand , new guinea , otaheite and other islands in the indian , sothern and pacific oceans . . .
lepidopterorum amboinensium a dre . l . doleschall annis 1856 - 58 collectorum species novae
illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part 8 . the lepidoptera of heterocera of the nilgiri district
illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part 9 . the macrolepidoptera heterocera of ceylon
zuträge zur sammlung exotischer schmettlinge , vol . 3 [ 1824 - ] 1825 [ - 1831 ]
beiträge zur lepidopteren - fauna des malayischen archipels . ( 3 ) heteroceren der aru inseln , kei - inseln und von südwest - neu guinea
the lithosiids , collected by dr . l . j . toxopeus in central celebes , with remarsk on some allied species
on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands
heterocera . collected in korinchi , west sumatra , by messrs . h . c . robinson and c . boden kloss
die schmetterlinge der philippinischen inseln . beitrage zur indo - malayischen lepidopteren - fauna . zweiter band . die nachtfalter . heterocera
zoologische ergebnisse der expedition de herrn g . tessmann nach süd - kameroun und spanish - guinea . lepidoptera iii
h . sauter ' s formosa - ausbeute : lithosiinae , nolinae , noctuidae ( p . p . ) , ratardidae , chalcosiidae , sowie nacträge zu den familien drepanidae , limacodidae , gelechiidae , oecophoriidae und heliodinidae
insects of samoa and other samoan terrestial arthropoda . part iii . lepidoptera , fasc . 4 , heterocera
resultats scientifiques du voyage aux index orientales néerlandaises d ll . aa . rr . le prince et la princesse léopold de belgique , volume iv , fascicule 12 , lepidoptera ii , 2 . heterocera
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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right now the scientific names on some species do not show on the site - we are working to fix this problem which should be solved after the back - up this morning .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
barsura volynkin , dubatolov & kishida , 2017 , gen . nov . - plazi treatmentbank
volynkin , anton v . , dubatolov , vladimir v . & kishida , yasunori , 2017 , barsura volynkin , dubatolov & kishida , gen . nov . , with descriptions of three new species ( lepidoptera , erebidae , arctiinae ) , zootaxa 4299 ( 1 ) , pp . - 1 - - 1 : - 1
diagnosis . medium - sized moths , the male antennae are bipectinate , the female antennae are ciliate . venation ( fig . 4
. forewing pattern consists of dotted transverse lines in the subbasal and medial areas , and cuneal connected shadows in the subterminal area with longitudinal dark strokes on veins . due to the presence of ventral costal , distal costal and distal saccular processes , the male genital capsule of barsura ( figs . 1 , 2
) is the only exception , for it has the genital capsule similar to barsura species . however , its vesica structure and the female genitalia are typical for
, as member of which the species of barsura were treated earlier ( hampson 1900 , daniel 1952 , fang 1993 ; 2000 ) , the medial costal process is short and situated medially ( whereas in barsura it is situated subapically ) , and cornuti in vesica are spine - like and assembled into large bundles and bands . the female genitalia ( fig . 3
) of the new genus is very characteristic and it clearly differs from those of all other related genera by the short ductus bursae with asymmetric lateral sclerotized folds , the very small corpus bursae subdivided into two asymmetric and heavily sclerotized lateral lobes , with numerous short spinules on inner surface , and a small , globular , weakly sclerotized anterior section with weak spine - like scobination .
figures 1 – 4 . barsura nubifascia morphology . 1 , male genital capsule ; 2 , male aedeagus with everted vesica ; 3 , female genitalia ; 4 , venation scheme ( after hampson 1900 ) .
figures 20 – 26 . barsura and barsine spp . : adults . 20 , barsura melanoleuca , holotype ♂ , sikkim ( © nhm ) ; 21 , barsura melanoleuca , ♂ , sikkim ( © nhm ) ; 22 , barsura melanoleuca , ♀ , sikkim ( © nhm ) ; 23 , barsura umbrifera , syntype ♂ , china , tibet ( © nhm ) ; 24 , barsura umbrifera , syntype ♀ , china , tibet ( © nhm ) ; 25 , barsine umbrosa , holotype ♂ , [ india , meghalaya ] khasis ( © nhm ) ; 26 , barsine umbrosa , ♀ , sikkim zfmk ) .
figures 42 – 44 . barsine spp . : male genitalia . 42 , b . umbrosa , khasis , slide av 1891 m volynkin ; 43 , b . defecta , the type species of barsine , india , sikkim , slide av 1997 m volynkin ; 44 , b . cuneonotatus , sri lanka , slide bmnh ( e ) arct - 2879 m holloway ( © nhm ) .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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walker , 1855 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 3 : 760 .
setina calligenioides snellen , 1879 , tijdschr . ent . , 22 : 87 .
see the previous species . the forewing fasciation and the broad blackish border to the hindwing are diagnostic . the male abdomen has features in common with crustata , such as narrow , flimsy coremata on the eighth sternite and tapering valve apices . in lineatus the valve apex is more complex , with a subapical angle and two more basal marginal spurs . the aedeagus vesica has four large , appressed quadrate spines like molar teeth . there are minor differences in the genitalia of the sulawesi subspecies ( roepke , 1946b ) .
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heppnerographa carchiana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in ecuador .

the wingspan is about 13 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is whitish , partially suffused with brownish and weakly tinged with ferruginous in the middle area .

the markings are pale brown .

the hindwings are brownish cream , but much browner along the margins .

heppnerographa carchiana

this is the place for carchiana definition . you find here carchiana meaning , synonyms of carchiana and images for carchiana copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word carchiana . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word carchiana and , of course , carchiana synonyms and on the right images related to the word carchiana .
heppnerographa circinnata is a species of moth of the tortricidae family which is endemic to venezuela .
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have a definition for heppnerographa tricesimana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
ardisia carchiana is a species of plant in the primulaceae family . it is endemic to ecuador .
saphenista carchiana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family . it is found in ecuador . the wingspan is 12–13 mm . the ground colour of the forewings is glossy white with indistinct brownish suffusions , mainly along the basal half of the costa . . . .
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dizionario di estetica - jan 1 , 2007 by p . d ' angelo g . carchia
la favola dell ' essere . commento al «sofista» - jan 1 , 1999 by gianni carchia


furcula borealis , the white furcula moth , is a moth of the family notodontidae .

it is found from new hampshire to texas and florida , as well as in colorado and south dakota .

the wingspan is 31 – 42 mm .

adults are on wing from april to august .

the larvae feed on prunus avium , salix and populus species .

furcula borealis

furcula borealis has been treated as a subspecies of the eurasian furcula bicuspis . it has been elevated back to species status .
other furcula species . the
monkey face
pattern on borealis is much more distinct than in the other furcula , which often have much more or less black scaling and orange scaling , obscuring the
monkey face
pattern . f . borealis can be distinguished from pale occidentalis specimens , by the lack of a triple pm line , which is present in occidentalis and the darker thoracic scaling of occidentalis : more black scaling in the
monkey face ,
and gray - as opposed to white in borealis - scaling on the rest of the thorax .
white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 8 / 2014 ) . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 8 / 7 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 28 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 11 / 2017 ) . photo by bill hubick . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 8 / 9 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in allegany co . , maryland ( 5 / 23 / 2015 ) . photo by jim brighton . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in calvert co . , maryland ( 8 / 16 / 2006 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 8 / 14 / 2013 ) . photo by tim carney . ( mbp list )
a male white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 21 / 2003 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth caterpillar in washington co . , maryland ( 9 / 20 / 2017 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth larva in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 14 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
white furcula moth caterpillar on black cherry in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 11 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a white furcula caterpillar in baltimore city , maryland ( 7 / 1 / 2009 ) . determined by sam jaffe / bugguide . photo by thomas wilson . ( mbp list )
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
forewing white with charcoal median band and charcoal patch coming from costa near apex ; pm line single , often obscure , continuous across wing usually more sinuous than dentate ; am and terminal lines composed of several large black dots ; some yellow or orange coloration often present next to am and pm lines ; thorax patterned distinctly with black scaling with some orange in what is called a
monkey face
with the surrounding thoracic scaling white .
new hampshire to texas - florida ; colorado ; south dakota . ( 1 )
moth photographers group - species page with photographs of living adults , larvae and pinned adults .
moths of arknsas - henderson state university - photographs , description , and foodplant .
butterflies and moths of north america - species account with photograph of pinned adult and range maps .
contributed by troy bartlett on 16 february , 2004 - 12 : 32pm additional contributions by chuck entz , jason d . roberts , maury heiman , robert lord zimlich , fyn kynd last updated 6 september , 2016 - 1 : 48pm
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caterpillar from the air line trail in hebron , connecticut . ( tolland county ) on cherry .
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the black-tufted marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) , also known as mico-estrela in portuguese , is a species of new world monkey that lives primarily in the neo-tropical gallery forests of the brazilian central plateau .

it ranges from bahia to paraná , and as far inland as goiás , between 14 and 25 degrees south of the equator , and can commonly be seen in the city of rio de janeiro .

this marmoset typically resides in rainforests , living an arboreal life high in the trees , but below the canopy .

they are only rarely spotted near the ground .

black - tufted marmoset

the black - tufted marmoset carries specific positive effects by being a highly valuable exotic pet .
behavioral characteristics of pair bonding in the black tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) .
the black - tufted marmoset has an average full - grown weight of a mere 12 ounces .
colour discrimination in the black - tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) : ecological implications .
( weid’s black - tufted - ear marmoset ) lives in southwest brazil , mainly in the coastal regions .
the black tufted - ear marmoset has nonopposable thumbs and nails of the digits which are claw - like .
information on wied’s black - tufted - ear marmoset is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
colour discrimination in the black - tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) : ecological implications . - pubmed - ncbi
may explain why the black tufted - ear marmoset has a small home range ( rylands and de faria , 1993 ) .
black tufted marmoset is a new monkey in the world . mico - estrela in portuguese name , sometime its called callithrix penicillata . most of the black tufted marmoset lives in the brazilian forest , some of them are living where people live close to forest .
this behaviour has not been observed in black - tufted marmosets living in more traditional rainforest habitats .
some examples of callitrichids include the moustached tamarin , the golden - handed tamarin , the emperor tamarin , the bare - faced tamarin , the cotton - top tamarin , the golden lion tamarin , the black tufted - eared marmoset , the common marmoset , the buffy - headed marmoset , and geoffroyi ' s tufted - eared marmoset .
gums make up > 70 % of the plant part of the diet of the black tufted - ear marmoset ( fonseca and lacher , 1984 ) . being highly
in their study , marina duarte and professor robert young revealed how the black - tufted marmosets make sleeping site choices .
the black - tufted marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) is a new world monkey in the callitrichidae family of monkeys and lives primarily in the neo - tropical gallery forests of the brazilian central plateau . the black - tufted marmoset is characterized by black tufts of hair around their ears , and it typically has some sparse white hairs on its face with brown or black head and its limbs . their upper bodies are gray , as well as its abdomen , while its rump and underside are typically black .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
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arkive species - wied’s black - tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix kuhlii )
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black - tufted marmosets living in brazil ' s city parks are going to surprising lengths to avoid unusual predators - domestic cats .
the black - tufted marmoset usually resides in rainforests high up in the trees but below the canopy . it is typically found between 14 and 25 degrees south of the equator , and ranges from bahia to paraná and as far inland as goiás . it is very rare to see a black - tufted marmoset at ground level , though during periods of drought it may come down to scavenge for food and water .
the coloring of wied ' s marmoset is mostly black , with white markings on cheeks and forehead . it has rings on its tail and black tufts of fur coming out of its ears .
the life - span of a wild black - pencilled marmoset is unknown , however the average lifespan in captivity is 15 years .
black - pencilled marmosets typically have some sparse white hairs on their faces , with a dark brown or black head . their upper body and limbs are gray and their rump is usually black . the marmosets ' undersides are black with a gray abdomen . their tail is ringed with black and white and is not prehensile , but is used for balance . they are characterized by the black tufts around their ears . black - pencilled marmosets do not have an opposable thumb and their nails tend to have a claw - like appearance .
, 1993 ) . this behavior pattern is frequent in the black tufted - ear marmoset and can occur more frequently by an individual where the home ranges of two groups overlap , thus suggesting a use for demarcation of territory ( rylands , 1990 ) .
marcelo c . leal , luiz r . frança ; the seminiferous epithelium cycle length in the black tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix penicillata ) is similar to humans , biology of reproduction , volume 74 , issue 4 , 1 april 2006 , pages 616–624 , urltoken
these are snippets out of the diary of louie , our marmoset , with the hopes that it one day saves the life of another marmoset or tamarin .
barros , m . , c . alencar , c . tomaz . 2004 . differences in aerial and terrestrial visual scanning in captive black tufted - ear marmosets ( callithrix penicillata ) exposed to a novel environment .
miranda , g . , d . faria . 2001 . ecological aspects of black - pincelled marmoset ( callithix penicillata ) in the cerradao and dense cerradao of the brazilian central plateau .
translocated populations of the common marmoset also flourish in the ranges of other brazilian marmoset and tamarin species , such as around rio de janiero , well beyond their native coastal forests .
wied ' s marmoset ( callithrix kuhlii ) , also known as wied ' s black - tufted - ear marmoset , is a new world monkey that lives in tropical and subtropical forests of eastern brazil . unlike other marmosets , wied ' s marmoset lives in groups consisting of 4 or 5 females and 2 or 3 males ( plus children ) . they are matriarchal , and only the dominant female is allowed to mate . like other marmosets , the offspring are always born in pairs .
weid’s black - tufted - ear marmosets live in a variety of forest types , particularly tropical and subtropical forests . these marmosets inhabit the lower part of the trees . it thrives in areas of dense vegetation and new growth .
group size and composition of the common marmoset varies from group to group in the wild .
the common marmoset is widespread and common in northeastern brazil because of its adaptability to different habitats .
food sharing is more important in the lion tamarins than in other marmosets and tamarins , and helps maintain social structure . this species may form mixed species groups with wied ' s black - tufted - ear marmoset . they do not compete with each other because they forage in separate areas and occupy different niches in the environment . golden - headed lion tamarins forage in the upper levels of the forest , while wied ' s black - tufted - ear marmosets forage in the middle and lower levels of the forest . golden - headed lion tamarins also prefer to forage in epiphytic bromeliads .
the marmoset has large black tufts behind its ears . the head is black or brown mixed with gray and white patch on the forehead and the body is gray / brown . the long tail is ringed with black and grey . the tail is used to help the monkey balance as it moves around in the tree tops . their preferred food is tree sap but they will eat some insects , fruit or eggs in a pinch .
black - pencilled marmosets are monogamous and typically live in family groups which include the reproducing couple and their offspring .
black - pencilled marmosets are vulnerable to a wide range of both terrestrial and aerial predators . aerial predators , large
unlike several of their close relatives , the common marmoset is currently not listed as a threatened species .
the common marmoset is entirely arboreal ( tree dwelling ) and prefers secondary or disturbed forests and edge habitat .
the black - tufted marmoset’s diet consists primarily of tree sap which it obtains by chewing through the bark with its long lower incisors . in periods of drought , it will also include fruit and insects in its diet . in periods of sustained and serious droughts , it will adapt to eat small arthropods , mollusks , bird eggs , baby birds , and other small vertebrates .
. black - pencilled marmosets use a series of predator - specific vocalizations as well as visual scanning in their antipredation strategies .
“marmoset” is derived from the french “marmouset” which means , loosely , shrimp or dwarf . an apt name , considering they are the smallest of the true monkeys ( the lightest of the true monkeys is the pygmy marmoset ) .
the home range of a marmoset group can vary from 5 , 000 to 65 , 000 square meters ( 1 . 2 - 16 acres ) . on any one day a marmoset group will travel about 500 to 1000 meters .
tiago falotico added an association between
callithrix sp . ( marmoset ) - captive
and
callithrix penicillata
.
scientists studying how marmoset and tamarins adapt to urban environments have also recorded their communication in groups and interaction with humans .
unfortunately , in some areas of its distribution , populations of the common marmoset are showing signs of decline due to habitat destruction .
approximately 115 domestic cats live in the park and researchers recorded an average of three attempts at marmoset predation by cats per day .
fonseca , g . a . b . , lacher , t . e . jr . , alves c . jr . , & magalhães - castro , b . ( 1980 ) . some ecological aspects of free - living black tufted - ear marmosets ( callithrix jacchus penicillata ) . antropologia contemporâneo , 3 , 197 .
the black tufted - ear marmoset ( callithrix penicillata geoffroy , 1812 ) is a small neotropical primate ( 350 to 500 g ) , whose original habitat is in the cerrado areas ( i . e . savannah ) of central brazil ( fonseca & lacher , 1984 ) . in addition to it living in these natural habitats , it is a species that can be widely found in the parks and streets of the cities of brazil ( leite et al . , 2011 ) .
black - tufted marmosets mark their territory with aromatic secretions produced by glands on their chests and near the anus . this is primarily to deter other species of monkey from feeding in the area . group members alert each other to danger , using specific cries to warn against different types of predator . common predators are snakes , birds of prey and wild cats .
black - pencilled marmosets live in rainforests , usually residing high in the trees , under the canopy . marmosets have rarely been observed at or near ground level .
black - pencilled marmosets are considered highly valuable and exotic pets . they are also used often in zoo exhibits as well as many different types of scientific studies .
black - tufted or black - pencilled marmosets are found in the central and coastal region of brazil but relatively far inland from the ocean . they live high up in rainforest trees , and are seldom seen far below the upper canopy or anywhere near the ground . this species is usually found in gallery forest : the trees that grow in narrow strips beside rivers , and which are frequently flooded . it grows to be between 7 and 9 inches ( 18 - 23cm ) long and weighs about 12 ounces ( 350g ) on average .
at the smithsonian ' s national zoo , their diet includes canned marmoset diet , bananas , grapes , apples , string beans , fruit and mealworms .
rosenberg , s . 2004 .
penicillata marmoset : ( callithrix penicillata )
( on - line ) . accessed march 31 , 2004 at urltoken .
the common marmoset , like other marmosets and tamarins , relies on a diet of tree exudates ( gums and saps ) , small animal prey , and fruits .
marmoset researchers observed the behaviour whilst investigating the affect of city noise levels on urban populations in belo horizonte city park in minas gerais , south - eastern brazil .
weid’s marmosets are relatively small , weighing between 350 and 400 grams , or about 13 ounces . they are generally black with gray head pelage and have a distinctly ringed tail . there is an area of white around their cheeks and forehead , and they have black tufts of hair around their ears . they have nails that are claw - like and lack opposable thumbs .
wied ' s marmoset is highly social , spending much of its time grooming . it has individually distinctive calls , and it communicates through gestures and olfactory markings as well .
voland , e . ( 1977 ) . social play behaviour of the common marmoset ( callithrix jacchus erxl . , 1977 ) in captivity . primates , 18 , 883 - 902 .
black - pencilled marmosets commonly feed on tree sap . during food shortages or droughts their diet also includes fruit and insects , and they have even been known to eat various arthropods , molluscs , and small vertebrates .
marmosets gain access to exudates from a variety of tree species by gnawing holes in the tree bark . the specialized dentition of the common marmoset acts as a tool facilitating access to gums and saps
black - pencilled marmosets have no special status with the iucn red list or the unites states endangered species act list . they are listed in appendix ii of cites and are not currently considered an endangered or threatened species .
marmosets and tamarins are found primarily in the tropical rainforests of south america with a few remnant populations located in central america . the common marmoset is distributed throughout the atlantic coastal forest of northeastern brazil .
the communication of black - pencilled marmosets has not been fully studied , however , it is believed that they communicate mostly through vocalizations . they appear to have predator - specific cries when they are threatened and have many vocalizations in addition to predator warnings . black - pencilled marmosets also use scent marking , though it is unclear whether this is a form of communication , as many different family groups simply ignore the markings that another family group has left .
camarotti flm , silva vl , oliveira ab ( 2015 ) the effects of introducing the amazonian squirrel monkey on the behavior of the northeast marmoset . acta amaz 45 ( 1 ) : 29–34 . doi :
rylands , a . b . ( 1986 ) . ranging behaviour and habitat preference of a wild marmoset group , callithrix humeralifer ( callitrichidae - primates ) . journal of zoology , 210 , 1 - 26 .
captive studies have taught scientists a great deal about the behavior and biology of the common marmoset . this information has been applied towards the protection as well as the captive and wild breeding of other closely related primates .
black - pencilled marmosets are found in the neo - tropical gallery forests of the brazilian central plateau . they live along the brazillian coast ranging from bahia to sao paulo , and as far inland as goias , between 14 and 17 degrees s .
wied ' s marmoset is eaten by birds of prey ( the harpy eagle , the gray hawk , the roadside hawk and the white - tailed hawk ) , felines ( the jaguar , jaguarundi and ocelot ) and snakes .
leite , g . c . , duarte , m . h . l . , & young r . j . ( 2011 ) . humanmarmoset interactions in a city park . applied animal behaviour science , 132 , 187192 .
stevenson , m . f . , & poole , t . b . ( 1976 ) . an ethogram of the common marmoset , callithrix jacchus jacchus : general behaviour repertoire . animal behaviour , 24 , 428 - 451 .
the common marmoset c . jacchus is a well - established experimental model for performing toxicological studies and investigating reproductive biology in primates . in the present work we performed a careful and accurate histological and morphometrical investigation of the testis in the marmoset c . penicillata , including the determination of spermatogenic cycle length and sertoli cell and spermatogenic efficiencies , and suggest that this species might also be useful for comparative studies involving primates , particularly for studies related to the spermatogenic process .
miranda , g . h . b . , & faria . d . s . ( 2001 ) . ecological aspects of black - pincelled marmosets ( callithrix penicillata ) in the cerradão and dense cerrado of the brazilian central plateau . brazilian journal of biology , 61 , 397 - 404 .
black - pencilled marmosets breed twice a year and produce between 1 and 4 offspring , however they generally have twins . the gestation period is 150 days and offspring wean at about 8 weeks . the marmosets reach sexual maturity at approximately 18 months old . however , they typically mate very late .
brazilian bare - faced tamarins are named for their black , hairless face and ears contrasted with variable fur colors such as brown , black , or silver , depending on the subspecies . body length ranges from 208 to 283 mm and tail length is 335 to 420 mm . weight in both males and females averages 430 g . these primates have non - opposable thumbs with claw - like digits , except for the first digit on each toe . the dental formula is 2 / 2 - 1 / 1 - 3 / 3 - 2 / 2 = 32 teeth . canines are larger than incisors .
the spider monkeys got their name because of their striking resemblance to a large spider while hanging by their tails , their , slender body and disproportionately long , gangly limbs and narrow hands swaying in the treetops . spider monkeys are highly agile , and they are said to be second only to the gibbons in this respect . their hair tends to be coarse , long and stringy , lacking undercoat and ranging in color from ruddy gold to brown and black ; the hands and feet are usually black . heads are small with hairless faces , and a prominent muzzle . some have flesh colored rings around their eyes and white chin whiskers .
an example of how the common marmoset has served as a model to help with the conservation of other primates is its use in the development of the embryo flush at the wisconsin primate research center in 1996 . this is a noninvasive technique designed to assist in breeding of wild and captive primates .
scanlon , c . e . , chalmers , n . r . & monteiro da cruz , m . a . o . ( 1989 ) . changes in the size , composition and reproductive condition of wild marmoset groups ( callithrix jacchus jacchu s ) in northeast brazil . primates , 29 , 295 - 305 .
black - pencilled marmosets are diurnal and live in groups of 2 to 14 , which typically consist of a reproductive couple and their offspring . offspring are cared for by both the mother and father , as well as older siblings in the family . as twins are very common among marmosets , additional support for the mother is often required . though they live in small family groups , they often share sap trees with many other families in their species . they do engage in scent marking , but it is believed this is to deter other species from entering the area , and not other groups of their own species . black - pencilled marmosets also appear to be nomadic , moving throughout the forests as seasons become dry or wet .
this monkey supplements its diet of sap with fruit , nectar , flowers and seeds , as well as spiders and insects . since these are harvested from the middle and lower part of the forest , wied ' s marmoset often travels and forages in the company of the golden - headed lion tamarin , which forages in the canopy .
haig , d . ( 1999 ) .
what is a marmoset ?
. am j primatol 49 ( 4 ) : 285–296 . doi : 10 . 1002 / ( sici ) 1098 - 2345 ( 199912 ) 49 : 4 < 285 : : aid - ajp1 > 3 . 0 . co ; 2 - x .
since chimerism changes the degrees of relatedness between individuals , it also changes the adaptive value of certain behaviors , like cooperatively raising young . it has been proposed that chimerism creates a system that makes it evolutionarily advantageous for an individual to cooperate to raise its siblings ; this closely matches to the way marmoset social systems have been observed to function in the wild .
unlike c . jacchus , which has been fairly well investigated , little is known about reproductive biology in the male marmoset c . penicillata . with this in mind , the objectives of the present study were to perform a careful and accurate histological and morphometrical investigation of the testis and to determine the duration of spermatogenesis and sertoli cell and spermatogenic efficiencies in this species .
howler monkeys are stoutly built and have beards and long , thick hair , which may be black , brown , or red depending on the species . the females are brown to better serve as camouflage from predators . the red howler species ( alouatta seniculus ) is the most common but is heavily targeted by hunters eager for bush meat . they are also captured for the pet trade further depleting their numbers .
black - pencilled marmosets are mutualists with many tree species , dispersing seeds of the fruit that they consume . they also act as parasites of other species of trees because they create sores in the trees in order to extract sap , while not positively affecting the tree in any way . they also serve as a source of prey for many larger animal species that reside in the forests , including large birds of prey , snakes , and wild cats .
apoptosis occurs normally during specific steps of germ cell development [ 58 , 59 ] and can be estimated comparing the ratio of germ cell numbers before and after a given developmental step [ 18 , 60 ] . in mammals , only 2 or 3 out of 10 spermatozoa are produced from the initial differentiated type a spermatogonia , and the highest level of cell degeneration occurs during the spermatogonial proliferative phase and during meiosis [ 18 ] . the germ cell loss observed for marmoset in the present work ( 15 % ) was similar to that found for the marmoset c . jacchus [ 5 ] and much lower than the value observed for men ( 70 % ) [ 61 ] and most other mammalian species ( 25 % ) [ 18 , 62 – 64 ] . similarly to what has been observed for c . jacchus [ 4 , 5 ] , our quantitative results suggest the existence of approximately four generations of differentiated spermatogonia in c . penicillata .
this allows for the possibility of horizontal inheritance . in other words , individuals could pass on the genotype that is different from their majority ( or self ) genotype . consider a father marmoset was chimeric in his germ line . this father could potentially pass on his secondary cell line ( the majority or self cell line of his brother ) to his offspring . in this way , this father ' s offspring would be more genetically similar to their uncle than to their father .
after waiting for 6 hours , we were finally able to bid on a male common marmoset monkey . while the bidding process was a bit stressful , we eventually bought louie below market value which was of course the reason we decided to buy at an auction instead of a breeder . there are risks associated with buying at an exotic animal auctions but it was one i was willing to take . on our way home louie had a blast running around in circles exploring his new environment .
the gsi found for the marmosets investigated in the present study is high when compared with that of primate species such as men and gorillas ( gorilla gorilla beringei ) [ 36 , 37 ] . at least in part , the higher gsi observed for c . penicillata is related to the very high seminiferous tubule volume density observed for this species , which is 50 % higher than the values observed for men [ 37 ] . the value observed for tubular diameter in the present investigation is similar to that found for the common marmoset [ 38 ] .
1 . it is never a good idea to mix breeds of monkeys . they will not get along with other new world monkeys as adults . don ' t be fooled by pictures of capuchins cuddling a marmoset or tamarin . photo ops like that are not done with adult monkeys and have no basis in reality . as adults they will fight and likely inflict severe or even fatal wounds on one another . in nature these species do not inhabit the same space . if breeders tell you they get along fine , ask why they have them all in separate cages .
the daily sperm production per gram of testis ( dsp / g / t or spermatogenic efficiency ) observed for c . penicillata is four times higher than the values cited for humans and 25 % lower when compared with rhesus monkey ( m . mulatta ) [ 64 , 70 ] . although the spermatogenic cycle length in c . penicillata and humans is similar , the much higher spermatogenic efficiency ( dsp / g / t ) found for c . penicillata is probably because of the higher volume density of seminiferous tubules and the higher efficiency of sertoli cells observed for this marmoset species .
although we attempted to do so , because of the lack of rigid synchronization and less - organized spermatogenesis , we did not succeed in precisely characterizing the stages of the cycle using acrosomic system methodology . indeed , this is a common difficulty found in other studies with primates , including humans [ 27 ] and the marmoset c . jacchus [ 5 , 55 ] . in fact , the methodologies used in these studies are similar to the tubular methodology system employed in the present work , and adjustment of the stages frequencies would provide results similar to the ones found for c . penicillata .
to perform autoradiographic analysis , unstained testis sections ( 4 μm ) were dipped in autoradiography emulsion ( kodak ntb - 2 ; eastman kodak company ) at 45°c . after drying for approximately 1 hour at 25°c , sections were placed in sealed black boxes and stored in a refrigerator at 4°c for approximately 4 weeks . subsequently , testis sections were developed in kodak d - 19 solution at 15°c [ 25 ] and stained with toluidine blue . analyses of these sections were performed by light microscopy to detect the most advanced germ cell type labeled at different time periods post - thymidine injections . cells were considered labeled when 4–5 or more grains were present over the nucleus in the presence of low - to - moderate background .
two different topographical arrangements of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle are observed in mammals . in the first , named segmental and present in the vast majority of mammalian species investigated up to the present moment , only one stage is usually found per seminiferous tubule cross section , whereas in the helical arrangement , found in humans and some primates such as chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes ) , two or more stages are present per tubule cross section [ 5 , 27 , 48 – 50 ] . there are yet other primate species ( papio anubis and macaca fascicularis ) , including the marmoset c . penicillata , in which an intermediate situation between segmental and helical is observed [ 51 , 52 ] . differently from what is cited for the common marmoset c . jacchus [ 5 ] and similarly to what was observed in the cynomolgus monkey ( m . fascicularis ) [ 52 ] and in the olive baboon ( p . anubis ) [ 51 ] , only ∼30 % of the tubular cross sections analyzed in c . penicillata showed more than one germ cell association . recent investigation [ 53 ] indicates that the variation observed for stage arrangement in primates is not related to phylogeny , spermatogenic efficiency , or mating system . surely , more studies are necessary to elucidate this interesting aspect of spermatogenesis observed in some primate species .
owl monkeys have gray - tan to brown bodies and either gray or red fur on the sides of their necks . their coats range in thickness and length depending on the altitudes at which they are found , with species living at higher elevations having thicker , shaggier coats than those living at sea level . they have pale yellow to orange fur on their stomachs , underarms , and inner legs , light gray to white markings above and below their eyes , and three conspicuous , black stripes from the top of their head to either side of each eye and straight down the forehead between the eyes to the bridge of the nose . these patches may create an illusion of alertness even when eyes are closed . the throat and sides of the neck vary in color from gray in the northern species to red in the southern species . their non - prehensile tail is nearly as long as their body , with varying amounts of black at the tip . ears are small , and difficult to see ( aotus actually means
earless
) . their long , thin digits have straight nails and wide fingertip pads . two toes posses curved nails , which may be grooming nails similar to those found in prosimians . they are quadrupedal ( walking and leaping ) and arboreal ( tree dwelling ) , and their tail acts as a counter balance as they move through the trees . the average weight for a male at about two and a half to three pounds with the females weighing only slightly less .
spider monkeys are among the largest new world monkeys ; black - headed spider monkeys , the largest spider monkey , have an average weight of 10 . 8 kg ( 24 lb ) for males and 9 . 66 kg ( 21 . 3 lb ) for females . when the monkey walks , its arms practically drag on the ground . unlike many monkeys , they do not use their arms for balance when walking , instead relying on their tail . also less common in primates , females rather than males disperse at puberty to join new groups . males tend to stick together for their whole life . hence males in a group are more likely to be related and have closer bonds than females . the strongest social bonds are formed between females and young offspring .
the number of sertoli cells per gram of testis found for c . penicillata is situated at an intermediate level compared to the values found for most mammalian species already investigated [ 18 , 66 , 69 ] , being , however , 25 % lower than the value observed for men [ 64 ] , and similar to the value found for the marmoset c . jacchus [ 5 ] . also , compared with other mammals already investigated [ 18 , 49 , 67 ] , sertoli cell efficiency in c . penicillata is situated at an intermediate level . however , the value found for sertoli cell efficiency in this species is 2 . 5 times higher than that found for humans [ 61 , 64 ] .
to characterize the land - use and vegetation cover of each group ' s home range aerial photographs were interpreted ( using the programs autocadmap , arcgis , google earth and gps track maker ) so as to calculate the percentage of green area ( i . e . natural vegetation ) , clearings and built area ( i . e . asphalt , concrete , constructions ) ( figure 1 ) . the quantity of food plants in the green areas , for our study species within their home ranges , was estimated by the zoo ' s botanist at the start and the end of our study who ranked ( 1 to 4 with 1 being the highest ) the areas in terms of estimated natural food availability in relation to a wild marmoset ' s diet .
finally , although the values observed for several parameters investigated in the present work differ significantly from those observed for humans , the arrangement of germ cells associations and particularly the duration of spermatogenesis are similar in these two primate species . these aspects and the phylogenetic proximity between humans and the marmoset c . penicillata [ 5 , 71 ] suggest that this species might represent an alternative and useful experimental model for performing comparative studies regarding the spermatogenic process , particularly investigations related to the expansion of spermatogonial stem cells and the establishment of spermatogenic waves . also , the results found in the present study might be useful for biomedical research in which the spermatogonial transplantation and testis graft techniques could be used as a tool to better understand testis function and to preserve the genetic stock from endangered primate species .
the spermatogenic cycle length is under the control of the germ cell genotype [ 20 ] , and this parameter has been determined for only ∼1 . 5 % of the ∼4000 of mammalian species still alive [ 56 ] . for the mammalian species already investigated , the predominant value observed for each spermatogenic cycle is from 10 to 11 days . thus , although very similar to that observed for men [ 57 ] , in general the cycle length found for marmosets in the present study is higher than the values found for several mammalian species investigated , including most primates and the marmoset c . jacchus ( 10 days ) . this is a good illustration of the assumption that the duration of spermatogenesis is a species - specific event and is not phylogenetically determined [ 29 ] . however , in all species investigated up to date , the three phases of spermatogenesis ( spermatogonial , meiotic , and spermiogenic ) lasts approximately one third of the entire process .
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in the past , the eastern brazilian marmosets ( penicillata é . geoffroy , 1812 , geoffroyi é . geoffroy in humboldt , 1812 , aurita é . geoffroy in humboldt , 1812 , and flaviceps thomas , 1903 ) of the “ jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of callithrix jacchus , following hershkovitz ( 1977 ) . all are now considered to be full species ( see coimbra - filho 1984 ; mittermeier et al . 1988 ; marroig et al . 2004 ; coimbra - filho et al . 2006 ; rylands et al . 1993 , 2008 ) . the taxonomic history and a discussion of the type locality can be found in vivo ( 1991 ) and coimbra - filho et al . 2006 ) .
justification : this species is listed as least concern due to its large increasing populations , adaptability to disturbed habitat , and large distribution range . these species were common in the pet trade and have been released from captivity in many areas outside of their previous range - often hybridizing with native callithrix .
this is an adaptable , widespread species , which has been introduced in a number of regions in brazil ( for example , espírito santo , paraná , são paulo and santa catarina ) , and is considered a competitor , displacing native species . however , as with c . jacchus , although widespread and hardy , and able to survive in extremely degraded habitats , populations of this species have disappeared or are declining in many parts of its range . hunted for pets .
it has been introduced into part of the rio dôce state park ( 35 , 973 ha ) , the ibitipoca state reserve ( 1 , 448 ha ) , both in the state of minas gerais ( mittermeier and rylands pers . obs . ) , and the ilha grande state park ( 56 , 000 ha ) , rio de janeiro ( h . k . m . corrêa pers . comm . ) . the following conservation units are within its geographical distribution ( * indicates possibly introduced and / or mixed populations of c . jacchus and c . penicillata ) : brasília national park ( 28 , 000 ha ) df emas national park ( 131 , 868 ha ) go chapada dos veadeiros national park ( 60 , 000 ha ) go serra da canastra national park ( 71 , 525 ha ) mg serra do cipó national park ( 33 , 800 ha ) mg araguaia national park ( ? ) ( 562 , 312 ha ) to grande sertão veredas national park ( 84 , 000 ha ) mg chapada da diamantina national park ( 152 , 000 ha ) ba pirapitinga ecological station ( 1 , 090 ha ) mg raso da catarina ecological reserve ( 99 , 772 ha ) * ba ibitipoca state park ( 1 , 489 ha ) mg acauã state reserve ( 5 , 000 ha ) mg it is listed on appendix ii of cites .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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tente não chorar com este vídeo ! mães salvando seus filhos . gatos , cachorros , macacos , elefantes
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the males and females form monogamous pairs . they often live in family groups with their offspring . they breed twice a year , and the older offspring assist their parents in raising their younger brothers and sisters . the young are sexually mature after just 18 months ( and live around 15 years ) but they can take their time choosing a suitable mate and moving off to their own range . it is also thought that the marmosets migrate to find optimal zones to inhabit depending on the environment and wet and dry seasons . in some cities of brazil the marmosets have adapted to urban environments either as pets or other looser relations with humans .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
mustatupsusilkkiapina
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callithrix penicillata ( é . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1812 )
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
mustatupsumarmosetti
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callithrix penicillata ( é . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1812 )
.
tiago falotico marked
file : schwarzpinselaffe . jpg
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callithrix penicillata ( é . geoffroy , 1812 )
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the differences between monkeys and apes are easy to see once you know what to look for . apes do not have a tail and are generally larger than most other primates . they have a more upright body posture as well . apes rely more on vision than on smell and have a short broad nose rather than a snout , as old world monkeys do .
classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 2 ) .
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( barros , et al . , 2004 ; miranda and faria , 2001 ; barros , et al . , 2004 ; miranda and faria , 2001 )
there is considerable parental investment by both parents ; infants are extremely dependent on their parents . the offspring are raised with the aid of other juvenile siblings . offspring are weaned at 8 weeks and then taught to search for food .
( guerra , et al . , 1998 ; miranda and faria , 2001 ; rosenberg , 2004 )
( barros , et al . , 2004 ; lacher , et al . , 1981 )
( barros , et al . , 2004 ; de figueiredo and longatti , 1997 ; lacher , et al . , 1981 )
valerie ackley ( author ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , phil myers ( editor , instructor ) , museum of zoology , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
generally wanders from place to place , usually within a well - defined range .
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
boudet , c . 2004 .
mammal ' s planet
( on - line ) . accessed march 30 , 2004 at urltoken .
guerra , r . , e . takase , c . santos . 1998 . cross - fostering between two species of marmosets ( callithrix jacchus and callithrix penicillata ) .
lacher , t . , g . bouchardet da fonseca , c . alves , b . magalhaes - castro . 1981 . exudate - eating , scent - marking , and territoriality in wild populations of marmosets .
mittermeier , r . 1986 . primate conservation priorities in the neotropical region . pp . 221 - 240 in k benirschke , ed .
de figueiredo , r . , c . longatti . 1997 . ecological aspects of the dispersal of a melastomatacae by marmosets and howler monkeys in a semideciduous forest in southeastern brazil .