ophyx pseudoptera is a moth of the erebidae family .

it is found in papua ( including roon island , supiori , biak island ) , papua new guinea and australia , where it has been recorded from queensland .

the habitat consists of lowland areas .

ophyx pseudoptera

no one has contributed data records for ophyx pseudoptera yet . learn how to contribute .
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pratti ( bethune - baker , 1906 pg . 260 ) callipepla ( bethune - baker , 1916 )
papua localities : roon island : yende ; supiori : nansfori ; biak island : japanese cave ; new guinea : ampas , borme , depapre , marina valen , sinimburu , taja rifi . details in gazetteer .
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the adult moth of this species has forewings that each have a vague pale spot near the wingtip , and a dark brown band across the middle . the male has a darker
sometimes has a shield of black hairs just behind the head . the wingspan is about 6 cms .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
lower , o . b . 1903 ,
descriptions of new australian noctuina , etc
, transactions of the royal society of south australia , vol . 27 , pp . 27 - 74
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 154a37bd - 4055 - 424f - af69 - e3e33e5a8e91
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 343834ff - 4786 - 4a89 - ab5c - c0e3c500a91c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e8447211 - cb3e - 4641 - 8f75 - 610bcbb0ea33
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 142809bf - fc70 - 45f7 - 927e - 7e8a5a6a6599
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a41fb12c - d956 - 4e40 - a3b4 - ecff227ab470
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 949cc0c1 - 82f1 - 45b5 - 8091 - 273e31175725
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 499250
the forewings have a vague pale spot near the wingtip , and a dark brown band across the middle .
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all rights reserved . no part of this publication may be reproduced ( except brief passages for the purpose of a review ) , stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means , electronic , mechanical , photocopying , recording or otherwise , without the prior written permission of the author .
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* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


glyceridae is a family of polychaete worms .

they are commonly referred to as beak-thrower worms or bloodworms .

they are bright red , segmented , aquatic worms .

the proboscis worm glycera is sometimes called bloodworm .

the glyceridae are ferocious epi - and infaunal polychaetes that prey upon small invertebrates .

they are errant burrowers that build galleries of interconnected tubes to aid in catching their prey .

glyceridae

keywords : glyceridae , glycera , hemipodia , new species , new occurrence , brazil .
palavras - chave : glyceridae , glycera , hemipodia , espécie nova , nova ocorrência , brasil .
goniadidae , glyceridae and nephtyidae , comparison of specific characteristics in the genus hemipodus , p . 81
savigny , 1818 ( polychaeta : glyceridae ) en la península ibérica . clave taxonómica y nuevos datos sobre
goniadidae , glyceridae and nephtyidae , comparison of specific characteristics in the genus hemipodus , p . 81 .
goniadidae , glyceridae and nephtyidae , comparison of specific characteristics in the genus hemipodus , p . 81 | dpla
savigny , 1818 ( annelida : polychaeta : glyceridae ) . ophelia 54 ( 1 ) : 29 - 49 .
böggemann , m . 2002 . revision of the glyceridae grube 1850 ( annelida : polychaeta ) . abh . senckenberg . naturforsch . ges . 555 : 1 - 249 .
the results of the cladistic analysis support a sister group relationship between goniadidae and glyceridae . both taxa are monophyletic as well as the three genera glycera , glycerella and hemipodia within the glycerids .
böggemann , m . ( 2002 ) . revision of the glyceridae grube 1859 ( annelida : polychaeta ) . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft . 555 : 1 - 249 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
the marine proboscis worm glycera ( class polychaeta , family glyceridae ) is sometimes called bloodworm . g . dibranchiata is found along the eastern coast of north america . it grows to 37 centimetres ( about 15 inches ) in length .
hartman , o . 1938 . descriptions of new species and new generic records of polychaetous annelids from california of the families glyceridae , eunicidae , stauronereididae and opheliidae . univ . calif . pub . zool . , 43 : 93 - 112 .
read , g . ; fauchald , k . ( ed . ) ( 2018 ) . world polychaeta database . glyceridae grube , 1850 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 952 on 2018 - 07 - 09
o ' connor , b . d . s . 1987 . the glyceridae ( polychaeta ) of the north atlantic and mediterranean , with descriptions of two new species . j . nat . hist . 21 ( 1 ) : 167 - 189 .
rizzo , a . e . & steiner , t . m 2006 . família glyceridae . in : manual de identificação dos invertebrados marinhos da região sudeste - sul do brasil . 1 ed . são paulo : editora da universidade de são paulo , 2006 , v . 1 : 165 - 172 .
gilbert , k . 1984 . family glyceridae grube , 1850 . in taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern gulf of mexico ( j . m . uebelacker & p . g . johnson ) . vittor & associates , inc . mobile , alabama , p . 32 - 1 to 32 - 26 .
more than 4000 specimens from all over the world were studied and measured , and the 42 valid species are described and illustrated in detail . a list of all taxa together with their synonyms and an identification key for all glyceridae known to this date are also presented . addionally all available biological and ecological data from the literature are listed .
o estudo sistemático das espécies da família glyceridae é parte de um amplo programa de inventariamento e determinação de parâmetros abióticos para conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade marinha ao largo da costa sudeste e sul do brasil . o material estudado foi coletado desde a região entremarés de praias arenosas até a plataforma interna ( < 50 m prof . ) na costa norte de são paulo , e da plataforma externa ao talude superior ( profundidades entre 60 e 808 m ) desde a costa sul do rio de janeiro até a o sul do rio grande do sul ( 22° s - 34° 40 ' s ) . as descrições de algumas espécies foram ampliadas , com a adição de novos e importantes caracteres taxonômicos , principalmente relacionados às papilas proboscidiais . uma chave de identificação para as espécies de glicerídeos da região sudeste e sul do brasil é fornecida . oito espécies de glyceridae foram identificadas : glycera americana leidy 1855 ; glycera brevicirris grube 1870 ; glycera dibranchiata ehlers 1868 ; glycera lapidum quatrefages 1866 ; glycera oxycephala ehlers 1887 ; glycera tesselata grube 1863 ; hemipodia californiensis ( hartman 1938 ) ; hemipodia simplex ( grube 1857 ) ; além de uma espécie previamente desconhecida de glycera .
the aim of this study is to describe and illustrate species of glyceridae that were collected during projects to develop essential information for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity off the brazilian coast . eight species of glycerids were identified : glycera americana leidy 1855 ; glycera brevicirris grube 1870 ; glycera dibranchiata ehlers 1868 ; glycera lapidum quatrefages 1866 ; glycera oxycephala ehlers 1887 ; glycera tesselata grube 1863 ; hemipodia californiensis ( hartman 1938 ) and hemipodia simplex ( grube 1857 ) . a new species , glycera boeggemanni , is described and keys for identification of the species of glycera and hemipodia from this region are supplied .
fauchald , k . ( 1977 ) . the polychaete worms , definitions and keys to the orders , families and genera . natural history museum of los angeles county : los angeles , ca ( usa ) , science series . 28 : 1 - 188 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
long , slender worms with numerous segments , appearing even more numerous because they are further subdivided by annular constrictions . the body is rounded throughout , often red , pink , or flushed with pink anteriorly . the anterior end bears small , elongated , tapering and multiannulate
glycerids are carnivores burrowing actively in clean or muddy sand . when swimming , the body is thrown into spiral undulations ; they may coil up tightly when disturbed . some species deliver a bite , which is said to resemble a bee - sting .
fauchald , k . & g . rouse , 1997 . polychaete systematics : past and present . zoologica scripta , 26 ( 2 ) : 71 - 138 .
hayward , p . j . & j . s . ryland , 1990 . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe . clarendon press , oxford .
uschakov , p . v . , 1955 . polychaete worms of the far - eastern seas of the ussr . keys to the fauna of the ussr , 56 : 1 - 443 .
isbn 978 - 3 - 510 - 61335 - 9 , paperback , price : 48 . 00 €
© 2018 by schweizerbart science publishers johannesstr . 3a d - 70176 stuttgart , germany phone + + 49 - ( 0 ) 711 - 3514560 / fax + + 49 - ( 0 ) 711 - 351456 - 99 2018 - 07 - 09 22 : 56 : 04 contact us | general business terms | privacy policy | rss feeds | press | impress
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instituto de biologia  ib , zoologia , universidade estadual de campinas  unicamp , cp 6109 , cep 13083 - 970 , campinas , sp , brazil , e - mail : tatims @ urltoken , http : / / www . ib . urltoken /
taxonomic studies of several species of glycera and hemipodia ( = hemipodus ) from the brazilian coast have been carried out by nonato & luna ( 1970 ) , orensanz & gianuca ( 1974 ) , rullier & amoureux ( 1979 ) , nonato ( 1981 ) , and lana ( 1984 ) . in addition , amaral & nonato ( 1996 ) published keys for identification of families and genera of polychaetes from brazil and amaral et al . ( 2006a ) a catalogue of polychaete species from brazil . until now , 17 species and all three genera are mentioned for the brazilian coast , but some of them were synonymized by böggemann ( 2002 ) .
the examined material are from different programs , sampled in southern and southeastern brazil ( 22° s  34°40 ' s ) :
fauna de praia
( sandy beach fauna ) , in the intertidal zone of 13 beaches along the são sebastião channel ( state of são paulo ) ;
revizee / score sul bentos
( program of available of the sustainable potential of the living resources of the exclusive economic zone - eez ) , in depths from 60 to 808 m , between ilha grande bay ( rio de janeiro state ) and tramandaí city ( rio grande do sul state ) ; and
biota / fapesp - bentos marinho
( benthic marine biodiversity in the state of são paulo ) , in intertidal sandy beaches and rocky shores and non - consolidated sublittoral ( 50 m depth ) , in the northern são paulo state . the specific methodology to each program can be found , respectively , in amaral et al . ( 2003 ) , amaral et al . ( 2004 ) and amaral et al . ( 2006b ) .
the nomenclature used for taxonomic features is based on böggemann ( 2002 ) . semipermanent slides were mounted with a substance containing glycerin as the main component . measurements and line drawings were made using zeiss optical microscopy and stereomicroscopy . scanning electron microscope observations were made at the laboratório de microscopia eletrônica , instituto de biologia , universidade estadual de campinas ( unicamp ) , with jeol jsm - 5800 lv ® equipment , after osmium washing , alcohol battery , critical - point drying with balzers cpd 30 ® ( 37 °c temperature and 70 urltoken 2 pressure ) equipment and coating with 44 nm gold . the material examined was deposited at the museu de história natural ( mhn - unicamp ) under the abbreviations zuec - bpo ar or zuec - bpo st . others abbreviations used in the material examined : vfs ( very fine sand ) , fs ( fine sand ) , cs ( coarse sand ) .
additional material from bmnh ( the natural history museum , london , uk ) , hzm ( zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum der universität hamburg , germany ) , smf ( senckenbergmuseum , frankfurt am main , germany ) , ssm ( swedish museum of natural history , sweden ) , zmb ( museum für naturkunde der humboldt universität zu berlin , germany ) , zmuc ( zoological museum , university of copenhagen , denmark ) was examined as well .
1 . mid - body chaetigers with two prechaetal and one postchaetal lobes ; branchiae absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - mid - body chaetigers with two prechaetal and two postchaetal lobes ; branchiae present or absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 . prechaetal lobes of about same length ; ailerons with slightly arched bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera oxycephala - notopodial prechaetal lobes distinctly shorter than neuropodial lobes ; ailerons with slight dent in pointed triangular bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera lapidum
3 . ailerons with deeply incised bases ; branchiae absent ; digitiform proboscideal papillae ( type 1 ) ( figure 4d ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - ailerons with triangular or rounded triangular bases ; branchiae present , conical proboscideal papillae ( type 1 ) ( figure 1b ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 . papillae ( type 1 ) with straight , median , longitudinal ridge only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera tesselata - papillae ( type 1 ) with 6 - 20 transverse ridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera brevicirris
5 . one retractile branchia per parapodium ; ailerons with triangular bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - two branchiae per parapodium ( situated dorsally and ventrally on parapodial bases ) ; ailerons with rounded triangular bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera dibranchiata
6 . papillae ( type 1 ) with 2 ridges ; branchiae bush - like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera americana - papillae ( type 1 ) with 5 - 6 ridges ; branchiae with up to six rami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glycera boeggemanni
glycera americana leidy 1855 : 147 - 148 , pl . 11 , figs . 49 - 50 ; nonato & luna 1970 : 71 - 72 , fig . 26 ; orensanz & gianuca 1974 : 11 ; nonato 1981 : 103 - 104 ( unpublished thesis ) ; temperini 1981 : 28 - 29 ( unpublished thesis ) ; lana 1984 : 92 - 94 , figs . 84 - 85 ( unpublished thesis ) ; böggemann 2002 : 65 - 66 , figs . 88 - 90 .
type material : glycera heteropoda hartmann - schröder 1962 , holotype , hzm p - 15330 , chile , penco , 2 . i . 1958 ; glycera jucunda kinberg 1865 , syntype , ssm type 6042 , brazil , rio de janeiro harbor , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 7 . 28 m ; syntype , ssm type 6043 , brazil , rio de janeiro harbor , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 7 . 28 m ; glycera laevis kinberg 1865 , syntype , ssm type 6030 , brazil , cabo frio , 22° 30 ' s and 40° 55 ' w , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 36 - 55 m ; syntype , ssm type 6031 , brazil , cabo frio , 22° 30 ' and s 40° 55 ' w , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 36 - 55 m ; syntype , ssm type 6040 , brazil , cabo frio , 22° 30 ' s and 40° 55 ' w , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 36 - 55 m ; syntype , ssm type 6041 , brazil , cabo frio , 22° 30 ' s and 40° 55 ' w , r / v eugenie 1851 - 53 , 36 - 55 m .
description ( based on additional material ) : complete specimens measuring from 110 to 230 mm long , 0 . 6 to 3 . 8 mm wide , with 51 - 257 chaetigers . coloration yellowish . brown pigment may be present on prostomial rings , lobes and parapodial cirri . conical prostomium with 9 - 12 rings ( figure 1a , f ) ; two specimens ( ar 497 ) with prostomium longer than in others . nuchal organs dorsolaterally on basal ring . proboscideal papillae of two types ( figure 1g ) : type 1 . numerous conical papillae anteriorly smooth , posteriorly with two u - shaped ridges ( figure 1b , i ) and type 2 . isolated , broader papillae without ridges ( figure 1c , j ) . aileron with triangular base , interramal plate present ( figure 1d ) . branchiae retractile , bush - like when completely developed and everted , starting from about 15 th to 26 th parapodia and located dorsally on posterior side of parapodial bases ( figure 1e , h ) . mid - body segments bi - annulate . first two parapodia uniramous , with a prechaetal and a postchaetal lobe . following parapodia biramous with two triangular to digitiform prechaetal lobes of about same length , and two shorter postchaetal lobes , anteriorly rounded , posteriorly triangular , of about same length or neuropodial slightly shorter than notopodial ( figure 1e , h ) . dorsal cirrus from third parapodium , conical to oval , inserted on body wall slightly above parapodial base . ventral cirrus from first parapodium , triangular to digitiform , slightly shorter than postchaetal lobes , in posterior parapodia slender to elongated ( figure 1e , h ) . last parapodia short and slender . pygidial cirrus elongated , as long as last ten parapodia . simple capillary notochaetae and compound spinigerous neurochaetae .
remarks : the specimens examined by böggemann ( 2002 ) have branchiae located in more anterior chaetigers , between 7 and 22 . glycera cirrata grube 1857 [ partim ] , glycera laevis kinberg 1865 , glycera jucunda kinberg 1865 , glycera edentata hansen 1882 , and glycera incerta hansen 1882 described from specimens collected off rio de janeiro were synonymized under glycera americana by böggemann ( 2002 ) . this species has been recorded off the brazilian coast mainly in ecological studies ( amaral et al . 2006a ) , and it has been often mistaken for other congeneric species .
distribution : atlantic coasts of north and south america , pacific coasts of south america ; brazil ( alagoas , sergipe , rio de janeiro , são paulo , paraná and rio grande do sul ) . from intertidal region to 120 m depth ; in this study , g . americana was collected from 5 . 3 to 157 m .
type material : holotype zuec bpo - ar581 ( 23° 44 . 154 ' s and 45° 02 . 007 ' w , caraguatatuba , sta . 21i , 22 . iv . 2001 , 36 . 1 m ) ; paratype zuec bpo - ar496 ( 23° 53 . 026 ' s and 45° 30 . 386 ' w , são sebastião , sta . 28i , 17 . v . 2001 , 25 . 6 m ) .
remarks : glycera boeggemanni n . sp . differs from glycera robusta ehlers 1868 , its nearest species , mainly in possessing branchiae retractile , up to six branchial rami , in g . boeggemanni n . sp . , whereas in g . robusta the branchiae are non - retractile , blister - like ; in both species branchiae are located at base on the parapodia . glycera boeggemanni n . sp . is found in southwest atlantic , and g . robusta in the western and eastern pacific ocean .
distribution : brazil ( são paulo : caraguatatuba and são sebastião ) . from 25 to 36 m depth .
etymology : the species is named after markus böggemann , because of his important work and publications on polychaetes , especially glycerids .
glycera brevicirris grube 1870 : 61 - 62 ; böggemann 2002 : 44 - 47 , figs . 34 - 36
type material : glycera brevicirris , syntype , zmb q . 4304 , coll . grube .
additional material : 1 specimen : sta . 6652 , 25° 51 ' 04
s and 45° 47 ' 30
w , 206 m , 15 . xii . 1997 ( zuec bpo - ar20 , preserved for sem ) .
distribution : western and eastern atlantic , gulf of mexico , caribbean sea , red sea , indian ocean , indo - pacific , central pacific basin , east pacific coasts . this study enlarges the distribution of this species , whose southern limit was the gulf of mexico , to south america ( brazil , são paulo ) . from intertidal zone to 1118 m ( böggemann 2002 ) ; in this study , g . brevicirris occurred at 206 m .
glycera dibranchiata ehlers 1868 : 670 - 702 , pl . 24 , figs . 1 , 3 - 8 , 10 - 28 ; böggemann 2002 : 53 - 54 , figs . 58 - 60 .
remarks : the branchiae of specimen zuec - bpo - st111 did not present the fibrous muscular appearance of other specimens ; rather , each branchia had a large number of gametes , with the lower branchia almost more inflated ( figure 8 f ) . in some parapodia of this specimen , the branchiae were empty , only the external cuticle remaining . the beginning of the branchiae did not vary much , besides the size differences of the specimens . böggemann ( 2002 ) mentioned 14 - 17 prostomial rings , branchiae starting from parapodium 13 to 21 , and conical proboscideal papillae of type 1 with 4 - 8 ridges , and of type 2 with 3 - 6 ridges . a small specimen had the aileron with the outer ramus more curved ( figure 6d ) .
distribution : western and eastern coasts of north and central america and coast of southern brazil ( são paulo ) . from intertidal zone to 403 m ; in this study , g . dibranchiata was found from the intertidal zone to 24 m .
glycera lapidum quatrefages 1866 : 187 - 188 ; parra et al . 1995 : 57 ; böggemann 2002 : 37 - 40 , figs . 19 - 21 .
distribution : mainly in temperate zones and sometimes in tropical seas . this is the first record of this species in brazil ( from são paulo to rio grande do sul ) ; it had been previously recorded in the south atlantic ( argentina ) . from intertidal to 3947 m depth ; in this study , g . lapidum occurred from 60 to 500 m .
glycera oxycephala ehlers 1887 : 121 - 123 , pl . 41 , figs . 7 - 11 ; parra et al . 1995 : 53 - 59 , figs 1 - 3 ; böggemann 2002 : 40 - 41 , figs . 22 - 24 .
glycera cf . oxycephala lana 1984 : 94 - 95 , figs . 86 - 87 .
material examined : 18 specimens : sta . 6658 , 25° 11 ' 89
s and 47° 08 ' 09
w , 157 m , 16 . xii . 1997 ( zuec - bpo - ar17 , 11 ) ; sta . 6672 , 26° 27 ' 75
s and 44° 30 ' 351
w , 165 m , 11 . i . 1998 ( zuec - bpo - ar18 , 1 ) ; sta . 123i , 23° 29 ' 101
s and 44° 59 ' 171
w , 24 . 9 m , amf ( zuec - bpo - ar515 , 1 ) ; sta . 209i , 23° 46 ' 731
s and 45° 13 ' 790
w , 12 m , af ( zuec - bpo - ar521 , 1 ) ; sta . 206i , 23° 34 ' 936
s and 45° 16 ' 764
w , 3 m , am ( zuec - bpo - ar525 , 1 ) ; sta . 167i , 23° 31 ' 220
s and 44° 54 ' 718
w , 44 . 5 m , am ( zuec - bpo - ar528 , 1 ) ; sta . 45i , 23° 22 ' 420
s and 44° 53 ' 135
w , 12 m , af ( zuec - bpo - ar591 , 1 ) ; no number , paranaguá bay , sta . 6110b ( 1 ) .
additional material : south africa , lambert ' s bay st . lam . 26 , 32° 04 . 90 ' s , 18° 17 . 50 ' e , 18 . i . 1957 , 27 m , sand with shells and rocks ( bmnh 1963 . 1 . 79 , 1 ) ; kuwait , salimiyah and mena abdullah , intertidal , sand ( bmnh 1971 . 45 , 1 )
distribution : in temperate zones and tropical seas ; brazil ( são paulo and paraná ) . from intertidal zone to 2951 m depth ; in this study , g . oxycephala occurred between 3 to 165 m .
glycera tesselata grube 1863 : 41 - 42 , pl . 4 , figs 4 , 4a ; böggemann 2002 : 47 - 48 , figs 37 - 39 .
type material : glycera tesselata , syntype , zmb q . 4339 , neresine , lussin piccolo , croatia , grube coll .
additional material : 17 specimens : sta . 6763 , 23° 08 ' 07
s , 41° 00 ' 84
w , 101 m , 1 . iii . 1998 ( zuec - bpo - ar563 , 1 ) ; zmb q . 4340 ( italy , lesina , 15 ) ; zmb 6560 ( bismarck archipelago , ralun , 24 . xi . 1896 , 1 ) .
remarks : böggemann ( 2002 ) mentioned 8 - 9 prostomial rings , branchiae absent , and digitiform proboscideal papillae with straight , median , longitudinal ridge . it differs from g . brevicirris , the other congeneric species found in brazil , in the digitiform proboscideal papillae ; g . tesselata has only one straight , median , longitudinal ridge , whereas g . brevicirris has about 6 - 20 transverse ridges . our specimen has a dorsal cirrus near the parapodial base , differing from that mentioned by böggemann ( 2002 : 48 ) for this species , i . e . , inserted on the body wall far from the parapodial base mainly on anterior part of the body .
distribution : northwestern and northeastern atlantic , gulf of mexico , caribbean sea , mediterranean sea , red sea , south coasts of africa , indo - pacific , northwestern pacific . this is the first occurrence of the species in brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . from 2 to 4066 m depth ; in this study , g . tesselata occurred at 101 m .
1 . proboscideal papillae of type 1 digitiform with up to 9 - 40 ridges ; all dorsal and ventral cirri rounded to oval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hemipodia californiensis - proboscideal papillae of type 1 conical only with straight , median , longitudinal ridge ; oval ventral cirri on anterior and median chaetigers , elongated and conical cirri on posterior chaetigers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hemipodia simplex
hemipodus olivieri orensanz & gianuca 1974 : 11 - 13 , figs 5 , 8 and 9 ; lana 1984 : 91 , figs 82 - 83 .
remarks : böggemann ( 2002 ) mentioned 8 - 10 prostomial rings , proboscideal papillae of type 1 with 9 - 40 ridges , and of type 2 with 7 - 15 ridges . according to böggemann ( 2002 ) , hemipodus olivieri orensanz & gianuca 1974 is synonymous with hemipodia californiensis . this species is similar to hemipodia pustatula ( friedrich 1956 ) in relation to the proboscideal papillae and anterior parapodia . however , h . pustatula has the prechaetal lobe of the posterior chaetiger much more slender and thinner , and the ventral cirrus slender , triangular to digitiform and longer than the postchaetal lobe . besides this , h . pustatula has a small digitate distal process on the prechaetal lobes starting from the mid - body ; such a process is absent in h . californiensis . the smallest specimen examined here is in agreement with the description of juveniles of h . olivieri ( = h . californiensis ) . the largest specimens described by these authors ( 115 mm long ) correspond to the adults described here , but the prechaetal lobes on posterior chaetigers are slightly longer in our specimens . this difference may be due to specimen sizes , because the smaller the specimen , the more elongated is the prechaetal lobe . the same appears to be true for the rings of the proboscideal papillae ; i . e . , the larger the specimen , the higher the number of rings . several specimens from 35 mm long had gametes inside the coelomic cavity .
distribution : west coast of america , from california to peru , southeastern coasts of south america . from intertidal zone to 100 m depth ; common in the intertidal zone of fine - sand beaches in são paulo state .
hemipodia simplex  böggemann 2002 : 79 - 81 , figs 127 - 129 .
type material : holotype , zmuc pol - 393 , valparaíso , callao , 21 . ix . 1841 .
additional material : 13 specimens : sta . 688b , 07 . ix . 1995 , 23° 46 ' 40 . 80
s and 45° 23 ' 59 . 43
w , são sebastião , pontal da cruz beach , intertidal ( zuecbpost119 , 1 ) ; sta . 63a , 07 . viii . 1995 , 23° 47 ' 51 . 94
s and 45° 23 ' 57 . 62
w , são sebastião , porto grande beach , intertidal ( zuecbpost117 , 1 ) ; sta . 62b , 07 . viii . 1995 , 23° 47 ' 51 . 94
s and 45° 23 ' 57 . 62
w , são sebastião , porto grande beach , intertidal ( zuecbpost118 , 2 ) ; sta . 200i , 23° 30 ' 564
s and 45° 08 ' 340
w , 5 . 4 m , vfs ( zuecbpoar509 , 5 ) ; sta . 116i , 23° 26 ' 193
sand 44° 58 ' 650
w , 19 . 8 m , vfs ( zuecbpoar520 , 1 ) ; sta . 193i , 23° 31 ' 542
s , 45° 06 ' 573
w , 9 m , cs ( zuecbpoar535 , 1 ) ; sta . 91i , 23° 24 ' 366
s and 45° 51 ' 431
w , 16 . 6 m , am ( zuecbpoar557 , 1 ) ; sta . 92i , 23° 24 ' 010
s and 44° 50 ' 902
w , 21 . 6 m , am ( zuecbpoar571 , 1 ) .
remarks : böggemann ( 2002 ) mentioned 7 - 9 prostomial rings for the species . according to grube ( 1857 ) , the type locality of this species is valparaiso ( chile ) and callao ( peru ) . the original description is not very detailed , however , reexamination of the holotype revealed its characteristics in detail . böggemann ( 2002 ) compared specimens identified as hemipodus rotundus by nonato ( 1981 ) from ilha grande bay ( rio de janeiro ) and verified that it is similar to hemipodia simplex , as our specimens are also .
distribution : cold and warm temperate zone , west and east coasts of north and south america , bay of bengal , east coast of australia , seas around new zealand . from intertidal zone to 137 m depth ; in brazil , h . simplex occurred from the intertidal zone to 22 m .
amaral , a . c . z . , denadai , m . r . , turra , a . & rizzo , a . e . 2003 . intertidal macrofauna in brazilian subtropical tide - dominated sandy beaches . j . coast . res . 35 : 446 - 455 .
amaral , a . c . z . , lana , p . c . , rizzo , a . e . , steiner , t . m . , pardo , e . v . , santos , c . s . g . , carvalho , a . c . , wagner , m . f . r . , garrafoni , a . s . , brasil , a . c . s . , ribeiro , z . , nogueira , j . m . m . , abbud , a . , rossi , m . & fukuda , m . 2004 . filo annelida classe polychaeta . in biodiversidade bêntica da região sul - sudeste da costa brasileira . revizee score sul bentos . ( amaral , a . c . z . & c . l . d . b . rossi - wongtschowski , eds ) são paulo : ulhôa cintra ed . p . 114 - 125 .
amaral , a . c . z . & nonato , e . f . 1996 . annelida polychaeta : características , glossário e chaves para famílias e gêneros da costa brasileira . editora da unicamp , unicamp , campinas .
amaral , a . c . z . , nallin , s . a . h . & steiner , t . m . 2006a . catálogo das espécies dos annelida polychaeta do brasil .
amaral , a . c . z . , rizzo , a . e . & arruda , e . p . ( orgs . ) 2006b . manual de identificação dos invertebrados marinhos da região sudeste - sul do brasil . vol . i . são paulo : edusp ed . 287p .
augener , h . 1934 . viii polychaeten aus den zoologischen museen von leiden und amsterdam . iv . ( schluss ) . zoologische mededeelingen uitgegeven door ' s rijks museum van natuurlijke historie te leiden , 17 ( 1 - 2 ) : 67 - 160 .
ehlers , e . 1868 . die borstenwürmer ( annelida chaetopoda ) nach systematischen und anatomischen untersuchungen dargestellt . verlag von wilhelm engelmann , erster band , leipzig . p . 1 - 748 .
ehlers , e . 1887 . reports on the results of dredging , under the direction of l . f . pourtalès , during the years 1868 - 1870 , and of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) , and in the caribbean sea ( 1878 - 79 ) , in the u . s . coast survey steamer blake
, lieut . com . c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xxxi . report on the annelids . memoirs of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college , cambridge , massachussets , v . 15 , p . 1 - 335 .
fauchald , k . 1977 . polychaetes from intertidal areas in panama , with a review of previous shallow - water records . smith . contr . zool . 221 : 1 - 81 .
grube , e . 1857 . annulata örstediana . enumeratio annulatorum , quae in itinere per indiam occidentalem et americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suscepto legit cl . a . s . örsted , adjectis specibus nonnullis a cl . h . kröyero in itinere ad americam meridionalem collectis ( fortsaetelse ) . videnskabelige meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske forening i kjöbenhavn , 158 - 186 , kjöbenhavn .
grube , e . 1863 . beschreibung neuer oder wenig bekannter anneliden . archiv für naturgeschichte , jahrgang 29 , 1 : 37 - 69 , pls . 4 - 6 , berlin .
grube , e . 1870 . bemerkungen über die familie der glycereen . jahres - bericht der schlesischen gesellschaft für vaterländische cultur , 47 : 56 - 68 , breslau .
hartman , o . 1968 . atlas of the errantiate polychaetous annelids from california . allan hancock foundation . university of southern california , los angeles , caliofrnia , 828p .
lana , p . c . 1984 . anelídeos poliquetas errantes do litoral do estado do paraná . tese de doutorado , universidade federal do paraná , paraná . 275p .
leidy , j . 1855 . contributions towards a knowledge of the marine invertebrata fauna , of the coasts of rhode island and new jersey . jornal of the academy of natural sicences of philadelphis , 3 ( 2 ) : 135 - 152 , plates 10 - 11 : philadelphia .
nonato , e . f . 1981 . contribuição ao conhecimento dos anelídeos poliquetas bentônicos da plataforma continental brasileira , entre cabo frio e o arroio chui . tese de doutorado , universidade de são paulo , são paulo , 246p .
nonato , e . & luna , j . a . c . 1970 . anelídeos poliquetas do nordeste do brasil . i - poliquetas bentônicos da costa de alagoas e sergipe . bol . inst . oceanogr . s . paulo 19 : 57 - 130 .
orensanz , j . m . & gianuca , n . m . 1974 . contribuição ao conhecimento dos anelídeos poliquetas do rio grande do sul , brazil . i . lista sistemática preliminar e descrição de três novas espécies . com . mus . ci . pucrgs 4 : 1 - 37 .
parra , s . , rodríguez , c . v . , lópez - jamar , e . & o ' connor , b . d . s . 1995 . contribución al conocimiento del género
quatrefages , a . de 1866 . histoire naturelle des annelés marins et d ' eau douce . annélides et géphyriens .  librairie encyclopédique de roret , 3 vols . , and atlas with pls . 1 - 20 , paris .
rullier , f . & amoureaux , l . 1979 . annélides polychaètes . annales de i ' institut océanographique monaco 55 : 145 - 206 .
temperini , m . t . 1981 . sistemática e distribuição dos poliquetos errantes da plataforma continental brasileira entre as latitudes de 23° 05 ' s e 30° 00 ' s . dissertação de mestrado , instituto oceanográfico , universidade de são paulo , 89p .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7c9b15d5 - e658 - 4062 - 875d - 22f462cd3d54
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 260139
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parapodia have both notopodia and neuropodia in glycera , or lack notopodia apart from the dorsal cirrus in hemipodus .
the large , pallid pink glycera ovigera schmarda , 1861 is recognisable in life from the multiple branching of delicate retractile gills behind the mid - body parapodia . prior new zealand reports of glycera americana leidy , 1855 are most likely g . ovigera or other species . in glycera lamelliformis mcintosh , 1885 the retractile parapodial gills are long and cylindrical . otherwise the glycera species are distinguished by a combination of the relative lengths of the parapodial lobes , the morphology of the proboscis papillae , and the structure of accessory supports called ailerons on the proboscis . these features can be either difficult to observe or subject to interpretation . glycera tesselata grube , 1863 has only long , slender , proboscis papillae . hemipodus simplex ( grube , 1856 ) has flattened papillae and has been recorded widely . glycerids rarely occur on rocky shores but pale hemipodus species , probably hemipodus simplex , occurs under intertidal stones in harbours .
glycera ovigera diagnosis from key of böggemann & fiege , 2001 . 1 - 1 proboscidial papillae without terminal fingernail structure . 2 - 2 two postchaetal lobes ( in mid body ) . 7 - 2 ailerons with interramal plate . 11 - 2 proboscidial papillae with up to 3 ridges . 18 - 2 postchaetal lobes of about same length ( in mid body ) . 20 - 1 prechaetal lobes of about same length . branchiae retractile . 21 - 2 postchaetal lobes both slender triangular . 23 - 1 branchiae retractile , bush - like , dorsally on post side parapodial bases . 24 - 2 . proboscidial papillae with y - shaped ridge in combination with 1 - 3 vertical ridges apically ( americana has 2 ridges ) .
glycera lamelliformis diagnosis from key of böggemann & fiege , 2001 . 1 - 2 proboscidial papillae with terminal fingernail structure . 26 - 1 parapodia of mid - body with two slender triangular postchaetal lobes of about same length . 27 - 2 proboscidial papillae with short stalk and without ridges on nail ; ailerons with triangular base ; blister - like branchiae dorsally on parapodial bases .
glycera benhami diagnosis from key of böggemann & fiege , 2001 . 1 - 1 proboscidial papillae without terminal fingernail structure . 2 - 2 two postchaetal lobes at least from parapodia of mid - body . 7 - 1 ailerons with deeply incised base ; both postchaetal lobes short , rounded ; branchiae absent . 8 - 1 prechaetal lobes of about same length ; digitiform proboscidial papillae present . 9 - 1 digitiform proboscidial papillae with straight , median , longitudinal ridge . 10 - 2 digitiform proboscidial papillae with additional single terminal u - shaped ridge .
sands and sandy muds , and ( less commonly ) crevice - dwelling . glycera ovigera is the commonest intertidal species . glycera lamelliformis is subtidal .
other species reported in the new zealand region were glycera lamellipodia knox , 1960 , glycera knoxi kirkegaard , 1995 , hemipodus ellesmerensis knox , 1960 , hemipodus digitifera knox , 1960 , all known from single specimens . böggemann analysed niwa collection and reported the fauna to be : glycera benhami böggemann and fiege , 2001 , glycera capitata örsted , 1842 , glycera knoxi kirkegaard , 1995 , glycera lamelliformis mcintosh , 1885 , glycera lapidum quatrefages , 1866 , glycera onomichiensis izuka , 1912 , glycera ovigera schmarda , 1861 , glycera russa grube , 1870 , hemipodus simplex ( grube , 1857 ) , hemipodus australiensis knox and cameron , 1971 .
( böggemann 2002 ) ( hilbig 1994a : p197 - 214 , f6 . 1 - 6 ) , ( kirkegaard 1995 : p26 , f13 ) , ( knox 1960a : p134 - 136 , f220 - 231 ) , ( knox 1960c : p219 - 232 , f1 - 27 ) , ( mcintosh 1885 : p347 - 349 , p42 . 9 - 10 , 22a . 11 ) , ( o ' connor 1987 : p167 - 189 , f1 - 16 ) , ( schmarda 1861 : p95 , p30 . 239 ) . ( full citations at family pages literature cited list . )
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research zoologist , curator of worms , department of systematic biology , invertebrate zoology section , national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , d . c . 20560 , usa
read , g . & fauchald , k . ( 2013 ) . world polychaeta database . accessed through world register of marine species at : urltoken
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dog , ( canis lupus familiaris ) , domestic mammal of the family canidae ( order carnivora ) . it is a subspecies…
horse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , …
polychaetes can be separated into two large orders , errantia and sedentaria , based on the development of the anterior appendages and life habits . errant polychaetes are active swimmer or crawler while sedentary polychaetes are burrowers or tube dwellers .
usually filter - or deposit - feeders ( i . e . consume sediment )
since the 1970 ' s , about 100 species of sedentary polychaetes have been reported from hong kong ( shin 1998 ) . they belong to 81 genera and 24 families . of these , 46 genera were not determined to species level due to the lack of taxonomic expertise and 17 species of sedentary polychaetes were described as new to science from hong kong ( shin 1998 ) . these new species were scoloplos tumidus ( orbiniidae ) ; poecilochaetus hystricosus , p . spinulosus , p . tricirratus ( poecilochaetidae ) ; prionospio saccifera ( spionidae ) ; polycirrus dodeka , p . multus , p . quadratus , rhinothelepus occabus , streblosoma duplicata , thelepus opinus , t . pulvinus , eupolymnia umbonis , lanice auricula , lomia bandera , longicarpus nodus and terebella copia ( terebellidae ) .
the sedentary polychaetes have its prostomium , proboscis and eyes reduced or absent . most of them live in tubes constructed by themselves in the mud or sand of the ocean bottom . the tubes are straight or u - shaped with two openings . the glands on the ventral surfaces of the segments secrete the tube - forming materials . the tubes may be calcareous , membranous , simple mucus - lined burrows , or composed of sand grains and other foreign materials cemented together .
the sedentary polychaetes are not active swimmers as errant polychaetes , so the tubes are important for protecting them from predators and catching prey . any disturances of predator or prey in the surrounding water can be transmitted to the tube . through the opening of the tube , the tube dwellers can get the clean and oxygenated water above the mud and sand .
many tube dwellers are beautiful with colours such as red , pink , green or iridescent . their parapodia are usually small and short , or with rows of hooklike setae for gripping the sides of the tube . their anterior part are greatly elaborated for feeding and respiration . the sabellids and serpulids have prostomial tentacles developed to form a branchial crown of feather - like processes called radioles . the peristomial tentacles of terebellids are long , filamentous and extensile . the food is brought by beating of cilia in a groove running along each filament .
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the seasonal distribution of the polychaete genus glycera was studied , especially in relation to the textural characteristics of sediments along the south - west kerala coast of india . statistical analysis pointed towards the preference of glycera sp . in sediments rich in silt , clay , sand and organic carbon relating to their role as an indicator of organic enrichment .
objective selection of sensitive species indicative of pollution - induced change in benthic communities . i . comparative methodology
metal concentrations in sediment and in whole tissue of the benthic polychaete glycera longipinnis collected along the southwest coast of india were analysed . relative seasonal accumulation of metals ( cu , pb , cr , ni , zn , cd , hg ) was studied by categorising the habitat as less polluted or highly polluted based on metal contamination routed through industrial and urban sources . the metal content . . . [ show full abstract ]
spatial and temporal variations in concentration of dissolved metals viz . copper ( cu ) , lead ( pb ) , chromium ( cr ) , nickel ( ni ) , zinc ( zn ) , cadmium ( cd ) and mercury ( hg ) in surface waters of southwest coast of india were studied . concentrations of metals showed an aberration both temporally and spatially . seasonal average concentrations of the analyzed metals followed the order zn > ni > cu > pb . . . [ show full abstract ]
the relationship between the hydrochemical characteristics and phytoplankton chlorophyll in coastal pollution monitoring surveys , establishes a basis for understanding the trophic state of coastal waters in accordance with nutrient enrichment routing to progress in capture fishery . on the other hand , the zooplankton ( including ichthyoplankton ) grazing and its abundance can be understood from . . . [ show full abstract ]


acrolophus davisellus is a moth of the acrolophidae family .

it is found in north america , including arizona .

the wingspan is about 25 mm .

acrolophus davisellus

acrolophus tapuja ; mielke & grehan , 2012 , nachr . ent . ver . apollo n . f . 32 ( 3 / 4 ) : 152
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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dalaca tapuja pfitzner , 1914 ; ent . rundschau 31 ( 19 ) : 110 ; tl : southern brazil , leopoldina
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pfitzner in seitz , 1937 die amerikanischen spinner und schwärmer ( 186 pls ) gross - schmett . erde 6 : 1 - 32 ( 1913 ) , : 33 - 192 ( 1915 ) , : 193 - 240 ( 1917 ) , : 249 - 280 ( 1918 ) , : 241 - 248 , 281 - 320 ( 1919 ) , : 321 - 336 ( 1920 ) , : 337 - 376 ( 1921 ) , : 377 - 416 ( 1922 ) , : 417 - 424 ( 1924 ) , : 425 - 528 ( 1925 ) , : 529 - 616 ( 1927 ) , : 617 - 672 ( 1928 ) , : 673 - 768 ( 1929 ) , : 769 - 840 ( 1930 ) , : 841 - 904 ( 1931 ) , : 905 - 1016 ( 1932 ) , : 1017 - 1048 ( 1933 ) , : 1049 - 1088 ( 1934 ) , : 1089 - 1112 ( 1935 ) , : 1137 - 1256 ( 1936 ) , : 1113 - 1136 , 1257 - 1296 ( 1937 ) , : 1297 - 1304 ( 1938 ) , : 1305 - 1328 ( 1939 ) , : 1329 - 1452 ( 1940 )
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robinson , g . s . 1986 . fungus moths : a review of the scardiinae ( lepidoptera : tineidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) , entomology 52 ( 2 ) : 37 - 181 .
record : sta cruz co . , coll . j . f . lawrence ( bmnh )
hasbrouck , frank f . 1964 . moths of the family acrolophidae in american north of mexico . proceedings of the united states national museum ( vol 114 , pp . 487 - 706 ) number 3475 .
likely in se arizona ( tl = yuma , records in texas as well ) .
likely in se arizona ( tl =
hot springs , az
. records in texas as well ) .
bruce walsh . jbwalsh @ urltoken . comments , correction and additions most welcome . to get to my home page .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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pseudolaguvia tenebricosa is a species of catfish .

it is only known from a fast-flowing hill stream called pathe chaung , near taungoo in southern burma .

this is a very small catfish ( 2.9 centimetres ( 1.1 in ) sl ) with almost black upperparts and paler underneath .

it is similar to pseudolaguvia tuberculata but differs in having a distinct gap between the dorsal and adipose fins and a narrower head with a shorter snout .

it is adapted to the fast-flowing waters of its habitat by the presence of an adhesive apparatus in the form of folded pleats of skin , rather similar to that seen on members of the sisorid genus glyptothorax .

pseudolaguvia tenebricosa

type : [ large ] upl _ 95284 . tif [ 7715204 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 04 - 26 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , lateral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 95285 . tif [ 2794440 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 04 - 26 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , dorsal view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 95290 . tif [ 3003640 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 04 - 26 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , ventral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 318614 . tif [ 7715204 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2006 - 07 - 13 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , lateral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 318616 . tif [ 10529852 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2006 - 07 - 13 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , ventral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 318612 . tif [ 10290968 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2006 - 07 - 13 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm photo , dorsal view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
pseudolaguvia tenebricosa was described from the pathe chaung in the sittang river drainage in southern myanmar ( britz and ferraris 2003 ) . however , the non - type material from the irrawaddy river drainage mentioned in the original description of this species may not be conspecific with the type material from the sittang river drainage . there is currently insufficient material of the former to verify if this is the case .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 93929 . jpg [ 1063419 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 04 - 20 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm xray , lateral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . nat . hist . , smithsonian institution . all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 93932 . jpg [ 1517916 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 04 - 20 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . pseudolaguvia tenebricosa usnm 373293 holotype standard length : 29 . 4 mm x - ray , dorsal view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . nat . hist . , smithsonian institution . all rights reserved .
britz , r . and c . j . ferraris jr . , 2003 . a new species of the asian catfish genus pseudolaguvia from myanmar ( teleostei : ostariophysi : siluriformes : erethistidae ) . zootaxa 388 : 1 - 8 . ( ref . 50586 )
justification : there is insufficient information regarding the distribution of pseudolaguvia tenebricosa , since it has only been collected from two widely separate localities . information about its biology and potential threats facing this species is also lacking . furthermore , whilst the species may be present in basins between the two known localities , the conspecificity of the populations from the irrawaddy and sittaung river drainages requires further study . given the lack of knowledge regarding the distribution , biology and the threats facing this species , as well as the taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the two known populations , it is assessed as data deficient .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 2 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 6 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 10 . differs from the only other member of the genus pseudolaguvia tuberculata in having an adipose fin not reaching posterior insertion of dorsal fin , a narrower head ( 23 . 8 - 25 . 1 versus 26 . 7 % sl ) , and a shorter snout ( 12 . 8 - 14 . 3 versus 16 . 7 % sl ) ( ref . 50586 ) .
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rema devi , k . r . , arunachalam , m . , vishwanath , w . , dahanukar , n . , daniel , b . a . & molur , s .
this species is known only from two localities in the sittaung and irrawaddy river drainages respectively . the type locality ( pathe chaung ) is a left bank tributary of the sittang river in southern myanmar ( britz and ferraris 2003 ) , while the other locality in which it has been recorded lies in the middle irrawaddy river drainage in northern myanmar .
there is no information on the population size and trend of this species , since it is only known from 17 specimens .
the type locality ( pathe chaung ) is a small hill stream , with fast running , clear water , a sandy bottom and numerous rocks and boulders . aquatic vegetation was absent . water temperature was 24°c , with a ph of 8 . 5 and a conductivity of 70 μs ( britz and ferraris 2003 ) .
this species is apparently not utilized either as a food or an aquarium fish .
the threats to this species are unknown , since there is no information on the biology of this species and therefore the impact of potential threats ( especially those of an anthropogenic nature ) remains unknown . the current threats to aquatic biodiversity in all of its known distribution have also not been adequately identified .
more research about the distribution and the biology of this species is needed , as there is insufficient information available . potential threats to this species also need to be identified . furthermore , the taxonomic status of the material from the irrawaddy river drainage needs to be further investigated and its conspecificity with the type material from the sittang river drainage needs to be verified .
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from the latin tenebricosus alluding to the dark , gloomy coloration of this species ( ref . 50586 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 3 . 2 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 50586 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 1 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
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bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref .
) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .
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