telamoptilia tiliae is a moth of the gracillariidae family .

it is known from japan ( hokkaidō ) and the russian far east .

the wingspan is 6.8 – 8 mm .

the larvae feed on tilia maximowicziana .

they probably mine the leaves of their host plant .

telamoptilia tiliae

grewia biloba g . don and its variety parviflora hand . –mazz . ( malvaceae ) . telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is thus far the only species in gracillariinae that is known to feed on grewia . the plant family malvaceae appears to be the main host for telamoptilia with now four out of six species feeding on this family ( telamoptilia tiliae on tilia , telamoptilia cathedraea on urena , telamoptilia geyeri on pavonia ) .
the larvae of telamoptilia species are leaf miners . three plant families are known as hosts for telamoptilia : malvaceae , amaranthaceae and convolvulaceae ( de prins and de prins 2014 ) . vári ( 1961 ) briefly described the biology of telamoptilia geyeri ( vári , 1961 ) . kumata et al . ( 1988 ) described the biology and the larval body chaetotaxy of three species : telamoptilia cathedraea , telamoptilia prosacta and telamoptilia tiliae ( kumata & ermolaev , 1988 ) . however , no larval head chaetotaxy and pupal features of telamoptilia have been described so far .
description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae )
description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae )
the genus telamoptilia kumata & kuroko , 1988 is globally represented by five species that may be found in the oriental and african regions . the type species telamoptilia cathedraea ( meyrick , 1908 ) is geographically shared by the oriental region and madagascar ( de prins and de prins 2014 ) . three species are currently known from china , including telamoptilia cathedraea , telamoptilia hemistacta ( meyrick , 1924 ) , and telamoptilia prosacta ( meyrick , 1918 ) .
telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is associated with malvaceae and is described in the present paper from adult external characters , male and female genitalia , wing venation and immature stages . the larval head and pupal features are described for the first time in telamoptilia .
kumata et al . ( 1988 ) distinguished telamoptilia from spulerina by the antennal scape having a minute flap , the absence of the fan - shaped comb of the valva and the signum with median process . telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . has a flap as wide as the antennal scape and a signum lacking a median process , which is most similar to spulerina parthenocissi as stated in the diagnosis section . therefore the signum without median process is not an autapomorphy for spulerina when defining telamoptilia and spulerina . the larval seta xd1 of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is placed near the anterior margin of the prothorax shield , which resembles that of spulerina vári , but differs from that of telamoptilia that has xd1 of variable placement between d1 and d2 ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . the fully grown larva of telamoptilia and spulerina changes body colour into red ( kumata et al . 1988 ) , but colour transfer does not occur in telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . consequently , the most important generic character to distinguish telamoptilia from spulerina is the absence of the fan - shaped comb of the valva as defined by kumata et al . ( 1988 ) , and the minute antennal scape flap and the signum with median process should be excluded for generic definition when taking telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . into consideration . the position of seta xd1 and the feature of larval body colour transfer vary within telamoptilia , thus should not be adopted as generic characters . considering the unique characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . , its phylogenetic relationship to other species of the genus telamoptilia requires further study .
the new species telamoptilia grewiae , reared from leafmines on grewia biloba ( malvaceae ) is described with details on adult and immature stages . the larval head and the pupa are described for the first time in telamoptilia kumata & kuroko , 1988 , and are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and line drawings . photographs of adult habitus , wing venation , male and female genitalia , as well as host plant and mines are provided . the apomorphic adult and larval characters of the new species in telamoptilia are discussed in relation to the recognition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina vári , 1961 .
liu t , wang s , li h ( 2015 ) description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae ) . zookeys 479 : 121–133 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 479 . 8899
the new species mostly resembles telamoptilia prosacta , especially in the male genitalia . however , it can be recognized by the male genitalia with the tegumen having 3−4 long setae on each lateral side , and the valva width does not change in the basal 3 / 4 ; in telamoptilia prosacta , the tegumen has 9−12 long setae on each lateral side and the valva is slightly wider at middle . in the female genitalia , telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . can easily be separated from all other telamoptilia by the extremely short ductus bursae , not reaching the anterior margin of the seventh abdominal segment . the signum lacks a median process and is thereby more similar to signa in spulerina , especially to that of spulerina parthenocissi kumata & kuroko , 1988 , than to those in telamoptilia .
line drawings of the larval chaetotaxy of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 20 head , frontal view 21 head , lateral view 22 thoracic segments , lateral view 23 abdominal segments , lateral view .
last instar larval characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 14 antenna 15 mouthpart 16 setae on prothorax shield , arrow indicating the positon of xd1 17 thoracic leg 18 proleg 19 a9−10 , dorsal view .
the forewing venation of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is unique within the acrocercops group : r 1 and r 5 are absent , thus r 4 is not stalked with r 5 . the absence of r 1 is apomorphic for chrysocercops kumata & kuroko , 1988 ( occasionally present ) , telamoptilia and spulerina ( kumata et al . 1988 , kumata 1992 ) . although r 1 is also absent in dendrorycter kumata , 1978 , it will not be discussed here since its status within the acrocercops group is still debatable ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . the forewing patterns and the genitalia of chrysocercops are rather different from those of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . all other telamoptilia and spulerina have r 5 , or at least r 5 is visible distally and stalked with r 4 ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . currently there is not enough evidence for assigning the new species without r 5 to a new genus . a comprehensive study of more species is required for further generic definition .
adult , host plant and mines of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 1 adult in habitus , paratype 2 live adult 3 host plant 4 linear mines by early instar larvae 5 blotch mine by later instar larva 6 seriously damaged leaves found in september .
last instar larva head chaetotaxy of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 10 dorsal view 10a close - up of md setae 11 ventral - lateral view , scanned from last instar larval skin 12 frons , frontal - lateral view , same individual as 11 , 13 dorsal view 13a close - up of so and g setae .
pupal characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 24 pupa , lateral view 25 frontal process ( cocoon cutter ) , lateral view 25a frontal process ( cocoon cutter ) , ventral view 26 two pairs of sensillae on head 27 close - up of the paired sensillae on head 28 setae on a2 , dorsal - lateral view , arrows indicating the positions of setae 29 segments a9−10 , ventral view 30 genital orifice 31 lateral cremaster , lateral view 32 ventral cremaster , ventral view .
wing venation and genitalia of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 7 wing venation , paratype , ltt12561w 8 male genitalia , 8a , male genitalia with aedeagus detached , ltt12561 8b aedeagus , lateral view , same slide as 8a , 8c close - up of the distal portion of aedeagus , indicating the triangular process , dorsal view , ltt12257 , 8d , eighth abdominal segment , paratype , same slide as 8a , 9 female genitalia , paratype , ltt12555 ( scales = 0 . 2 mm except 8c = 0 . 1 mm ) .
the larva mines on the upper surface of the host plant leaf . the mine begins as an epidermal silvery curved white line which soon enlarges to a whitish blotch . yellowish - fuscous or fuscous lines can be found on the surface of the blotch . as the larva develops , the blotch usually incorporates the earlier linear mine . the last instar larva vacates the mine for pupation by chewing a semicircular opening near the margin of the blotch . no body colour transfer occurs in the full - grown larva of this species , compared to other telamoptilia larvae which turn red when fully grown ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . some host plants can be seriously damaged by the mines in early september . cocoons are usually found inlaid the leaf wrinkles , or occasionally in the corner of the rearing container . the cocoon is brown , with 2−3 brown minute bubbles on the surface . this species overwinters in pupa .
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field investigations were carried out in mt . baxian national nature reserves ( 40°11 ' n , 117°32 ' e ) , 300−600 m , tianjin , china , from may to september in 2013 and june 2014 . leaves containing mines with larvae were placed in sealed plastic bags , or rearing containers with moist cotton . larvae removed from mines were immersed in nearly boiling water for 30 seconds , and then were kept in 75 % ethanol for morphological examination . last instar larval skins , pupae , and exuviae were kept in 75 % ethanol . pupae in rearing containers were placed outdoors to overwinter , and were transferred into the laboratory at 20 °c on february 6 , 2014 . emergence successively occurred from march 9 to early - april 2014 . adults were collected chiefly by rearing from immature stages , and occasionally by light trap .
adult photographs were taken with a leica m250a stereo microscope . genitalia and wings were dissected and mounted according to the methods introduced by li ( 2002 ) , but stained with eosin y and / or chlorazol black , and the illustrations were prepared by using a leica dm750 microscope , and refined in photoshop® cs4 software . for scanning electron microscopy , larvae and pupae were dehydrated in gradient ethanol , dried in vacuum and coated with gold in a scd 005 sputter coater ( bal - tec ) , then operated with a voltage of 15 kv using quanta 200 environmental scanning electron microscope ( sem ) ( fei , oregon ) . line drawings were outlined from the photos taken by the leica m250a stereo microscope , using path tool in adobe photoshop® cs4 software . photographs of host plant , mines and a live adult were taken in the field using canon powershot g10 digital camera .
terminology of immature stages follows davis and de prins ( 2011 ) and de prins et al . ( 2013 ) , and that of adults follows kumata et al . ( 1988 ) . thoracic segments i−iii and abdominal segments 1−10 are abbreviated as ti−tiii and a1−a10 , respectively .
all the specimens studied , including the types of the new species and the vouchered larvae and pupae , are deposited in the insect collection , nankai university , tianjin , china .
) with wing span 6 . 0−8 . 0 mm . head silvery white , tinged with gray on face . labial palpus grayish white , colored blackish gray on outer surface of distal half of second segment and before apex of third segment . maxillary palpus white , with middle or distal half blackish fuscous . antenna with scape white on posterior half , blackish gray on anterior half and distal portion , flap blackish gray tinged with white , as wide as scape in frontal view ; flagellum silvery grayish fuscous , with each unit blackish distally . thorax and tegula blackish gray mixed with white . legs mostly white ; foreleg with coxa blackish fuscous basally and distally , femur and tibia blackish fuscous , tarsus blackish gray distally on each except last segment ; midleg with coxa blackish fuscous distally , femur blackish fuscous , except white medially and distally on dorsal surface , with ventral scale expansion blackish fuscous , tibia blackish fuscous basally and distally , white medially , tarsus white , each except last segment dotted blackish fuscous distally ; hindleg with coxa blackish fuscous distally , femur blackish fuscous distally on outer surface , tibia blackish fuscous basally and distally , tarsus with basal three segments blackish fuscous distally , fourth segment dotted blackish fuscous dorso - distally . forewing grayish fuscous to blackish fuscous ; costal margin with a white spot basally at about 1 / 10 and one before apex , the former sometimes touching fold posteriorly , with white stria at distal 3 / 10 and 1 / 6 obliquely outward , reaching middle of wing and near termen respectively ; transverse white fascia from costal 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 obliquely outward , reaching dorsal 1 / 2 and before end of fold respectively , edged with blackish fuscous to black scales , inner fascia wider than outer one , widened on posterior half ; small white dot on distal end of m
, two or three small white dots along termen ; apex blackish fuscous ; cilia mostly blackish fuscous basally , gray distally , white adjacent to white markings , white on basal 1 / 4 , black on median part , gray distally at apex , gray along dorsal margin . hindwing and cilia uniformly gray .
variations . the white costal spot at about basal 1 / 10 is sometimes reduced to a small dot near the costa , the white costal stria at distal 3 / 10 is occasionally extended to unite the dot on the distal end of m 3 , the costal stria at distal 1 / 6 is sometimes wedge - shaped or absent , the white dot at the distal end of m 3 sometimes moves to near distal end of cell , and the small white dots along termen sometimes are absent .
) . tegumen with basal half same width , median portion slightly widened , distal half almost triangular , rounded apically ; three or four long setae along lateral side . valva 1 . 7 times as long as tegumen , with basal 3 / 4 same width , distal 1 / 4 apparently narrowed , bluntly pointed apically . saccus subtriangular , rounded apically . aedeagus straight , almost as long as valva ; distal half heavily sclerotized , with a triangular distal process about 1 / 8 length of aedeagus , pointed apically ( fig .
) . eighth tergite with apodeme reaching posterior 1 / 3 of seventh segment , nearly parallel - sided ( fig .
) . antrum a ring , disconnected ventrally , embed with a heavily sclerotized belt medially . ductus bursae membranous , extremely short , not reaching anterior margin of seventh segment , wrinkled basally , without spines . corpus bursae oval , membranous , without spines ; signum slender and long , curved by 150° medially , posterior half slightly s - shaped , anterior half curved at anterior 2 / 5 , sometimes slightly c - shaped .
) . length 4 . 0 mm , pale green to yellowish green . three stemmata present ( fig .
) . spiracles on ti and a8 larger ; prolegs on a3−5 each with 2−4 crochets ( fig .
) , those on a10 without crochets . ( five larvae and two last instar larval skins examined )
. adfrontal area slightly convex above middle , af setae placed on convexity ( fig .
) ; a3 longest , followed by a1 , aa internal to half way of a2 and a3 , near margin of adfrontal area ; p1 lateral to af2 , near margin of adfrontal area , p2 dorsal to a3 , slightly shorter than p1 ; three md setae placed posterior to p2 , arranged in line , pa internal and slightly anterior to md2 ; o2 longest , followed by o3 ; so1 as long as so2 , so3 shorter , soa near so1 ; g1 posterior to so3 .
. ti with xd , d , and sd setae placed on prothoracic shield , xd1 near anterior margin of prothoracic shield ( fig .
) , xda anterior to d2 , sd2 near ventral margin of prothoracic shield ; l - group bisetose , l2 dorsal and posterior to l1 ; sv - group bisetose , sharing pinaculum . tii with d1 near anterior dorsal margin , md1 near posterior margin of prothoracic shield , anterior to d2 ; sd2 close to d2 , sd1 anterior and ventral to sd2 ; l - group bisetose , l2 absent , l3 posterior and dorsal to l1 ; sv - group unisetose , with a micro seta anterior to sv1 . tiii similar to tii .
. a1−8 with d1 and d2 closely approximated to each other , md1 seta anterior and slightly dorsal to d1 , sd1 posterior and dorsal to spiracle , sd2 shorter than sd1 , anterior and dorsal to spiracle , closer to spiracle than sd1 , l - group bisetose , l2 seta absent ; a1 and a7−9 with sv - group unisetose , a2 and a6 bisetose , a3−5 trisetose ; a9 with d1 short , md1 seta anterior to d1 , sd1 anterior and ventral to d2 , as long as d2 , sd1 , l1 , sv1 and v1 almost forming a line ; a10 as shown in fig .
) ; labial palpus 3 . 4 times longer than maxillary palpus . tii and tiii each bearing a pair of seta dorsally . a1−9 each carrying a pair of seta dorsally ; a2−6 each bearing a pair of seta laterally , with one postero - ventral to spiracle , one internal to spiracle , shorter ( fig .
holotype , ♂ , china : mt . baxian national nature reserves ( 117°33 ' n , 40°11 ' e ) , 300−600 m , ji county , tianjin , larva coll . 6 - ix - 2013 , ex . grewia biloba , emerged 9 - iii - 2014 ( indoors ) , leg . tengteng liu . paratypes : 2♂ , 1♀ , larvae coll . 24 - vi - 2013 , emerged 6−7 - vii - 2013 , 1♂ , 1♀ , larva coll . 29 - vi - 2013 , emerged 5 - vii - 2013 , 4♂ , 3♀ , larva coll . 8 - viii - 2013 , emerged 19−20 , 22 - viii - 2013 , 1♂ , 1♀ , emerged 13 , 22 - ix - 2013 , 1♂ , larva coll . 12 - ix - 2013 , emerged iv - 2014 ( indoors ) , 2♀ , larva coll . 30 - vi - 2014 , other data as holotype , genitalia slide nos . ltt12255♀ , ltt12256−7♂ , ltt12261♂ , ltt12555♀ , ltt12556−7♂ ; 1♂ , 300 m , 29 - vi - 2014 , by light , leg . kaijian teng & tengteng liu , other data as holotype , genitalia slide no . ltt12561 .
5 larvae , 25 - vi - 2013 , 6 - ix - 2013 , stored in ethanol , other data as holotype , bxs130628 , bxs130942 ; 1 last instar larval skin , larva coll . 6 - ix - 2013 , emerged 13 - iii - 2014 , other data as holotype , mounted in canada balsam , slide no . ltt1403l ; 1 last instar larval skin , 24 - vi - 2013 , stored in glycerine , other data as holotype , bxs130632 ; 2 pupal exuviae , 29 - vi - 2014 , other data as holotype , mounted in canada balsam , slide nos . ltt1401−2l .
the specific name is derived from the host plant genus grewia , indicating the host of the new species .
special thanks are indebted to the staff of the baxian mountain national nature reserves , for their persistent support during the field work ; to the two reviewers and the editor dr . erik van nieukerken for their insightful comments . this study was supported by the national natural science foundation of china ( no . 31272356 ) and the research fund for the doctoral program of higher education ( no . 20130031110008 ) .
systematics and biology of the new genus macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae ) .
de prins j , davis dr , de coninck e , sohn j - c , triberti p . ( 2013 )
systematics , phylogeny and biology of a new genus of lithocolletinae ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) associated with cistaceae .
descriptions of thirteen new species of the genus chrysocercops kumata et kuroko , 1988 , from malaysia and nepal ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) .
japanese species of the acrocercops - group ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) part ii .
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rhinoprora palpata is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is found in indian subregion , sri lanka and western china , as well as on java , borneo and taiwan .

the habitat consists of mountainous areas .

rhinoprora palpata

cidaria palpata walker , 1862 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 25 : 1404 .
sspp . diechusa prout , javana prout , 1958 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 6 : 422 - 3 .
the facies is similar to that of the next three species except the hindwings are paler , more clearly fasciated . the labial palps are longer than in subpalpata prout but not as long as in coelica prout or sayata holloway : they are pale fawn throughout rather than dark brown or with the third segment dark .
indian subregion , w . china ; borneo ( ssp . wongi ) ; java ( ssp . javana ) .
the species is common on g . kinabalu but has yet to be recorded from other mountains . it occurs abundantly at 2400m , but ranges from 1930m to 3150m .
also related to xanthocomes and eurymesa are s . eugerys prout comb . n . ( seram , new guinea ) and s . seminotata warren comb . n . ( new guinea ) .
s . xanthocomes is rarer than the next , occurring with it at lower elevations : 1500 - 1930m on g . kinabalu ; 1780 - 1790m on g . mulu .
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corresponding author : olga schmidt ( ed . nwm . msz @ tdimhcs . aglo ) .
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license 4 . 0 ( cc - by ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
the indonesian geometrid moth fauna is rich and diverse , yet it is poorly studied . this is particularly the case for the second largest geometrid subfamily larentiinae which comprises moths with predominantly high mountainous distribution in the tropics . the present study provides a first inventory of the primary type specimens of larentiine moth species ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) described from indonesia .
the list of species described from indonesia is arranged alphabetically by the tribe , genus , and species , and presents data on 251 species and subspecies . for each species type status , type locality , depository , and a full reference to the original description are listed . synonyms with indonesian type localities are included . the study indicates a large part of the indonesian geometrid fauna belong to the tribe eupitheciini .
larentiinae are the second most species - rich geometrid subfamily after ennominae , with 6 , 230 described species ( scoble and hausmann 2007 ) and numerous undescribed species . the present study aims to create an inventory of larentiine species ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) with indonesian type localities , providing original references . a special emphasis on primary types excludes inaccuracies caused by incorrect identification , and the list provides a starting point for an assessment of the biodiversity of the subfamily larentiinae in indonesia .
the name of the original genus is given in parentheses after the name of the valid genus . the status of the type is noted . citations of references for each species are given under
nomenclature
. the altitude is presented as in the original description . valid species , valid subspecies and synonyms with indonesian type localities are included .
distribution
embraces the type locality only .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 5f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , bonthain , 3000 - 7000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , about 139° e , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : zmmu
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 6f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : many ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
the species is described from india , khasia hills and indonesia , celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] . the species is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : rbins
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : unknown ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . tompoe , 2700 ft .
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , tjamba , near maros , 1500 ft .
type locality : java ( east ) , tengger , kletak , 6000 ft .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . rangkoenau , 1800 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . tompoe , 2700 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : oum
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , wa ' katin , 1675 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 11m , 11f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthain , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : sw celebes [ sulawesi ] , g . lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 19 , mostly females ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mts , upper setekwa river , 2000 - 3000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , koelawi , paloe , 3700 ft .
type locality : sw celebes [ sulawesi ] , pangean near maros , 2000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 5f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram ( central ) [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mount goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . rangkoenau , 900 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of g . mesophoena celebensis . the species g . celebensis is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , leksula - kakal , 2800 - 3700 ft .
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , g . lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : oum
type locality : malaysia , borneo , sarawak . type locality of synonym : java ( east )
the species is described from malaysia , borneo , sarawak and deposited in oum . the synonym g . ( chloroclystis ) semivinosa warren 1896 ) is described from java ( east ) and deposited in nhm
type locality : java ( east ) , tengger , singolangoe , 5000 ft .
the species g . nepotalis is described as subspecies of g . latipennis prout ( 1958 ) and illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type locality of synonym : lesser sunda islands , lombok
the species is described from malaysia , borneo and deposited in oum . the synonym m . ( megatheca ? ) ampla ( warren , 1899 ) is described from lesser sunda islands , lombok
type locality : [ moluccas ] , seram ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft .
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type locality of synonym : kalimantan , pulo laut
the species is described from malaysia , borneo and deposited in oum . the synonym p . ( eupithecia ) conferta ( swinhoe , 1902 ) is described from kalimantan , pulo laut . the species p . obliterata is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
pseudopolinesia ( pomasia ) hebe synonyms : p . interrupta , p . phanoides , p . praelustris
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , mt kebea , 3000 ft . type localities of synonyms : [ west papua ] , oetakwa river , celebes [ sulawesi ] , menado , [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe , mrapat , 5000 ft .
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , mt kebea , 3000 ft . three synonyms p . interrupta ( prout 1916 ) p . phanoides ( debauche 1941 ) and p . praelustris ( prout 1933 ) are described from [ west papua ] , oetakwa river , from celebes [ sulawesi ] , menado and from [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe , mrapat , 5000 ft .
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym p . ( chloroclystis ) pallidivirens pullivirens ( prout , 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m , f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft . , ca 139° longit .
the species z . baliensis prout ( 1958 ) is described as subspecies of z . xylinaria walker ( 1863 ) . the synonym z . xylinaria florensis prout ( 1958 ) is described from lesser sunda islands , flores ( south )
ziridava ( ziridava ) xylinaria synonyms : z . xylinaria subaequata , z . subrubida
type locality : malaysia , borneo , sarawak . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela and celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , indrulaman , 2300 ft .
the species is described from malaysia , borneo , sarawak , deposited in oum and illustrated in holloway ( 1997 ) . two synonyms z . xylinaria subaequata prout ( 1929 ) and z . subrubida warren ( 1897 ) are described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela and celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , indrulaman , 2300 ft .
the synonym p . multiplicata erebenna prout ( 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , mt moenggal , 9000 ft . and bromo to caldeira
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nbc
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : many , m , f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , weyland mountains , mt kunupi , 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , sungei kumbang , korintji district , 4500 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , loda , 4000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( south - west ) [ sulawesi ] , pangean , near maros , 2000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela
the species is described from [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft . the synonym h . ( phthonoloba ) hypelaina ( prout , 1929 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 6f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , gunong lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe mrapat , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nbc
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 3000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mts , near oetakwa river , up to 3500 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru ( central ) , mrapat , 5000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhrs
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , paloe , gunong rangkoenau , 1800 ft .
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , batjan
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym g . subpilosa warren ( 1904 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , batjan
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 7m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft . and 3000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south - west ) [ sulawesi ] , tjamba , near maros , 1500 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , gunong tompoe , 2700 ft .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : zsm , m . sommerer coll .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , sungei kumbang , korintji , 4500 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
the species is originally described as subspecies ( ab . ) of x . ludifica warren ( 1898 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , korintji , 7300 ft . , sungei kumbang , 10 , 000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , carstensz peak , 5000 - 10 , 000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 11m , 19f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , 4000 - 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : unknown ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : india , darjeeling . type locality of synonym : [ java ( east ) ] , nongkodjadjar
the species a . pictaria is described from india , darjeeling . the synonym a . pictaria flavifascia prout ( 1935 ) is described from [ java ( east ) ] , nongkodjadjar and singolangoe . the species a . pictaria is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : india , nilgiri district , s slopes , 3000 ft . type locality of synonym : java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
the species is described from india , nilgiri district , s slopes , 3000 ft . the synonym a . pulchella interposita prout ( 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 13m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type localities of synonym : borneo , nr kalimantan , pulo laut
the species is described from malaysia , borneo . the synonym e . metriopis ( meyrick , 1897 ) is described from borneo and nr kalimantan , pulo laut . the species e . plumbacea is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : lesser sunda islands , sambawa [ sumbawa ] , tambora , 2500 - 4000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
the species is described from [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym p . subcaesia neutralis ( prout , 1922 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of p . ornatipennis ( prout , 1941 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2002 )
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , about 139° long . , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
type status : lectotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : west irian [ west papua ] , wandammen mts , 3000 - 4000 ft .
type locality : [ papua new guinea ] , angabunga river . type locality of synonym : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
the species is described from [ papua new guinea ] , angabunga river . the synonym s . viriditincta ( rothschild , 1916 ) is described from [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , sidaonta , 4500 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) , schmidt ( 2009 )
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) . lectotype has been designated ( schmidt 2006a )
type locality : lesser sunda islands , tambora , sambawa [ sumbawa ] , 2500 - 4000 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) , schmidt ( 2009 ) . lectotype has been designated ( schmidt 2006a )
the species is described as subspecies of v . vinosa ( warren , 1907 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2013 )
the tribal placement of many species needs to be evaluated . however , according to preliminary data involving the study of the species described from other regions and apparently occurring in indonesia ( schmidt , unpubl . data ) , the tribe eupitheciini and its close allies seem to be dominant in indonesia . moreover , the high - altitude indonesian fauna is poorly studied so far . considering high diversity of eupitheciines in mountainous regions and unresolved taxonomic problems in the group ( e . g . sibling species ) , a large proportion of eupitheciini among the larentiine moths is expected .
ptychotheca pallidivirens should be transferred to the genus bosara ( see holloway 1997 ) .
prout ( 1941 ) mentioned “ desmoclystia prouti sick , sp . n . ” , without description of the type locality , among other species described from west papua ( mt goliath ) . the type of d . prouti without abdomen , as cited in the original description , has never been re - examined .
scoble ( 1999 ) lists eupithecia aspectabilis inoue ( 1996 ) as described from indonesia ( maluku [ moluccas ] : aru ) . however , the type locality of the species is aru in pahalgam - kolohoi in kashmir , with an altitude of 2800m .
barlow h . s . , woiwod i . p . seasonality and diversity of macrolepidoptera in two lowland sites in dumoga - bone national park , sulawesi utara . in : knight w . j . , holloway j . d . , editors .
beck j . , rüdlinger c . m . currently available data on borneo geometrid moths do not provide evidence for a pleistocene rainforest refugium .
bethune - baker g . t . descriptions of new species of lepidoptera from africa and the east .
gressitt j . l . , szent - ivany j . j . h . bibliography of new guinea entomology .
illustrations of typical specimens heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part viii : the lepidopteraheterocera of the nilgiri district .
taylor & francis ; london : 1891 . 144 + 4 pp . , 8 pls .
holloway j . d . the moths of borneo : family geometridae , subfamilies sterrhinae and larentiinae .
inoue h . twenty - four new species , one new subspecies and two new genera of the geometridae ( lepidoptera ) from east asia .
inoue h . four new species of the genus eupithecia ( geometridae , larentiinae ) from kashmir and pakistan .
moore f . descriptions of new indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late mr . w . s . atkinson . heterocera ( continued ) ( pyralidae , crambidae , geometridae , tortricidae , tineidae ) in : hewitson w . c . , moore f . , editors .
descriptions of new indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late mr . w . s . atkinson 3 .
asiatic society of bengal , taylor & francis ; calcutta , london : 1888 . 100
prout l . b . new genera and species of indo - australian geometridae .
prout l b . new geometridae from the weyland mountains ( dutch new guinea ) .
prout l . b . resultats scientifiques du voyage aux indes orientales neerlandaises de ll . aa . rr . le prince et la princesse leopold de belgique . lepidoptera . geometridae .
prout l . b . new and little - known bali geometridae in the tring museum .
prout l . b . larentiinae . in : seitz a . , editor .
die gross - schmetterlinge der erde . fauna indo - australica , bd . 12 .
rothschild l . w . on the lepidoptera from the islands of ceram ( seran ) , buru , bali , and misol .
rothschild l . w . lepidoptera collected by the british ornithologists ' union and the wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea .
schmidt olga . a revision of the genus chaetolopha warren ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae ) with a description of parachaetolopha , gen . nov .
schmidt olga . australasian genus scotocyma turner and the recently described species s . sumatrensis schmidt ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae )
scoble m . j . , hausmann a . on - line list of valid and nomenclaturally available names of the geometridae of the world .
snellen p . c . t . lepidoptera van celebes verzameld door mr . m . c . piepers , met aanteekeningenen beschrijving der nieuwe soorten . tweede afdeeling : heterocera .
sutrisno h . moth diversity at sebangau peat swamp and busang river secondary rain forest , central kalimantan .
sutrisno h . moth diversity at gunung halimun - salak national park , west java .
sutrisno h . moth ( insecta : lepidoptera ) diversity in montane gunung patuha protected forest , west java , indonesia .
swinhoe c . new and little known species of drepanulidae , epiplemidae , microniidae and geometridae in the national collection .
vos r . de . the inchworms ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae ) of papua indonesia .
walker f . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum .
walker f . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . 1121 - 1533
warren w . new species of drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae in the tring museum .
warren w . new genera and species of drepanulidae , thyrididae , epiplemidae , uraniidae , and geometridae in the tring museum .
warren w . new genera and species of moths from the old world regions in the tring museum .
warren w . new species and genera of the families thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae from the old - world regions .
warren w . new species and genera of the families drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the old world regions .
warren w . new drepanulidae , thyrididae , epiplemidae , uraniidae , and geometridae from the oriental and palaearctic regions .
warren w . new uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the oriental and palaearctic regions .
warren w . drepanulidae , uraniidae , and geometridae from the palaearctic and indo - australian regions .
warren w . drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the oriental region .
warren w . drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae and geometridae from british new guinea .
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urltoken
modern sources have included it variously in the order rajiformes , rhinobatiformes , rhiniformes , or the newly proposed rhinopristiformes .
' wedgefishes
' are order rhinopristiformes along with guitarfishes and sawfishes , they have also been known as giant guitarfishes or sharkfin guitarfishes .
how can i put and write and define rhinopristiformes in a sentence and how is the word rhinopristiformes used in a sentence and examples ? 用rhinopristiformes造句 , 用rhinopristiformes造句 , 用rhinopristiformes造句 , rhinopristiformes meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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anacampsis idiocentra is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1922 .

it is found in brazil ( para ) .

the wingspan is 10-12 mm .

the forewings are greyish-ochreous with the plical and second discal stigmata small , indistinct and fuscous .

there is a faint pale shade from four-fifths of the costa to the tornus , nearly straight , slightly indented above the middle and sometimes hardly perceptible .

two cloudy blackish dots are found on the termen beneath the apex , sometimes a third smaller beneath these .

the hindwings are dark fuscous .

anacampsis idiocentra

anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem
anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65
anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362
gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181
anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran
anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para
anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover
anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos
anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania
anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40
anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos
anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban
anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora
anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada
anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas
anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé
anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy
anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca
anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington
anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas
anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico
anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama
anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana
anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )
anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city
anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,
e . e . a . de cuba
anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]
anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai
larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine
crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761
= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30
lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581
tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas
agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey
compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )
larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4
compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15
maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada
agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106
agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega
= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )
larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .
agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737
larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121
gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?
larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens
gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky
cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv
gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
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the desert musk shrew ( crocidura smithii ) is a species of mammal in the family soricidae .

it is found in ethiopia , senegal , and possibly somalia .

its natural habitat is dry savanna .

desert musk shrew

the desert musk shrew is listed as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
desertusa is a comprehensive resource about the north american deserts and southwest destinations . learn about desert biomes while you discover how desert plants and animals learn to adapt to the harsh desert environment . find travel information about national parks , state parks , blm land , and southwest cities and towns located in or near the desert regions of the united states . access maps and information about the sonoran desert , mojave desert , great basin desert , and chihuahuan desert .
communication : the desert shrew often leads a solitary , nocturnal existence , and its processes of communication with potential mates or adversaries are little understood . if threatened the animal , like other shrew species , emits a foul odor from musk glands on its hindquarters , presumably warning would - be predators that it is not a desirable meal . it may also use the glands to mark territory .
the desert shrew ' s major predator is the owl , a nocturnal hunter with a weak sense of smell ( hence it is presumably not bothered by the shrew ' s foul musk gland odor ) . although the shrew has lost habitat in some areas and is regarded as a threatened species in mexico , it is listed as a species of
least concern
by the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources :
there are no major threats to the widespread species .
appearance : although the desert shrew looks something like a house mouse , it is only about a fourth the size . it has a more narrow and elongated snout . the desert shrew feeds primarily on insects , while the mouse consumes primarily plant material . the shrew has 28 teeth with sharp pincerlike incisors and single cusp molars that are suitable for catching and chewing its prey . the mouse has 16 teeth with incisors designed for gnawing on plant and other material . the shrew has five clawed digits on its feet , the mouse , four .
desert adaptations : as a species , the desert shrew has developed specialized behavioral and biological adaptations to life in an arid environment , oftentimes without a free source of water for prolonged periods . their primary source of moisture is their food . they are idle during the heat of the day , saving energy and water . biologically , the desert shrew has a lower metabolic rate than other shrews , reducing its water requirements , and it has highly efficient kidneys and a specially adapted respiratory system , which minimize its water losses .
in 16th century england , the word
shrew
often referred to an evil - tempered person , typically a woman , which led shakespeare to write
the taming of the shrew .
the desert , or crawford ' s gray , shrew belongs to the broadly distributed taxonomic family called
soricidae ,
which includes some 250 species of shrews worldwide and more than 30 species in the united states and canada .
head : in addition to its pointed snout , the desert shrew has tiny eyes and conspicuous rounded ears . it has long tactile bristles on its muzzle , giving it a means for feeling its way through passageways in total darkness .
adult size and weight : an adult desert shrew measures an inch or two in length , with its tail accounting for half its length . it weighs about 0 . 1 to 0 . 2 ounces , approximately as much as a copper penny .
the desert shrew ranges across much of the southwest quarter of the united states and the northernmost states of mexico . somewhat misnamed , it occupies a range of habitats well beyond desert basin scrubs and sand dunes , including various shrublands , prairie grasslands , streamside wetlands and mountain flank forestlands . in lower elevations , they may habitate in relatively humid locations such as in burrows or under rocks .
the desert shrew may eat prey at once or cache it for later . if it attacks a grasshopper , for instance , it may bite off the legs and bite into the head , leaving the segmented and now immobilized body alive and fresh for later consumption . if it attacks a scorpion , the shrew will nip off the stinger before disabling and eating the creature .
the desert shrew , say davis and schmidly in the mammals of texas ,
is thought to feed largely on both larval and adult insects ; captive specimens have eaten a wide variety of food including mealworms , cutworms , crickets , cockroaches , houseflies , grasshoppers , moths , beetles , earwigs , centipedes , the carcasses of skinned small mammals and birds , and dead lizards .
because of its lower metabolic rate , the desert shrew consumes relatively less food –only about 75 percent of its body weight per day – than many other shrews .
by comparison , the egyptians believed the shrew to be the spirit of darkness , likely because of its quick and aggressive predation , voracious appetite and pugnacious nature .
the zuni people , said schmidt , regard the shrew as a
beast god ,
which provides
protection for stored grains from raids by rats and mice .
the desert shrew , specially adapted to an arid environment , is the smallest of the mammals of our southwestern deserts . it is also one of the smallest homeotherms in the world . ( a homeotherm is an animal , like a human , for instance , that maintains its body temperature within a narrow range , independent of the surrounding environment . by comparison , an endotherm is an animal , like a snake , that maintains its body temperature by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment . )
coat and color : the shrew , with a short dense coat , has a grayish brown back , sides and head , and it has a light gray belly , throat , legs and paws . its tail is darker on top than on the bottom .
the shrew ' s courtship and mating practices are largely unknown . the breeding season may range from spring to fall , or all year . the male and female build a nest of shredded plant materials in a secluded spot such as a packrat midden or a dead agave , and about three weeks after mating , the femaie gives birth to three to five naked and pink offspring , each about as big as a pinto bean . for the first two or three weeks , she nurses her charges , able to produce milk although she has not had access to water . she then changes them over to regurgitated prey , then to live prey . at about five to six weeks the juveniles will reach adult size , leave the nest and parental care and begin an independent life . the mother may produce another litter in the course of the year . typically , the desert shrew will live for about a year or , possibly , two in the wild .
like shrews , the hummingbird – the lilliputian of the bird world – also has an extremely high metabolic rate , with a resting heart rate of perhaps 500 beats per minute . it has been suggested that if human beings burned energy at the same rate , relatively , as a shrew or a hummingbird , our body temperatures would rise so high we could erupt in flame .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
there are two very isolated populations which may be distinct at the species level .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category . more research is needed on the taxonomy of this species .
crocidura smithii occurs in arid regions of senegal , ethiopia and possibly somalia ( where suitable habitat exists ) . the two known populations are distinct subspecies that are extremely isolated from one another .
the natural history of this species is not well known . c . smithii has been recorded from dry sahelian savanna .
there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species . it is not known if the species is present within any protected areas . additional details are needed on the natural history of this species and its possible presence in somalia .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t41358a115181556 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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picture has been licensed under a creative commons attribution sharealike license original source : base map derived from file : blankmap - world . png . distribution data from iucn red list author : chermundy
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
comments : revised by hutterer ( 1986a ) . specimens reported from somalia by heim de balsac ( 1966a ) represent macarthuri ; see under that species . includes debalsaci as a distinct subspecies ; see hutterer ( 1981b )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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senses : equipped only with poor vision , the animal relies , like a bat , on echolocation , emitting high pitches squeaks and interpreting the echoes to determine the direction and distance of objects such as potential prey . it also uses its highly developed senses of hearing and smell to locate and track down prey .
robert h . schmidt , assistant professor , department of fisheries and wildlife utah state university , internet center for wildlife damage management .
kerry r . foresman , the wild mammals of montana , special publication no . 12 , american society of mammalogists , published 8 june 2001 .
william b . davis and david j . schmidly , the mammals of texas - online edition , 1997 texas tech university .
randall d . babb , arizona wildlife views ,
a penny ' s worth of terror ,
march–april 2009 .
david allen , university of michigan museum of zoology animal diversity web , national science digital library .
desertusa newsletter - - we send articles on hiking , camping and places to explore , as well as animals , wildflower reports , plant information and much more . sign up below or read more about the desertusa newsletter here . ( it ' s free . )
the female black widow spider is the most venomous spider in north america , but it seldom causes death to humans , because it only injects a very small amount of poison when it bites .
the bobcat despite its pussycat appearance when seen in repose , the bobcat is quite fierce and is equipped to kill animals as large as deer . however , food habit studies have shown bobcats subsist on a diet of rabbits , ground squirrels , mice , pocket gophers and wood rats . join us as we watch this sleepy bobcat show his teeth .
the mountain lion the mountain lion , also known as the cougar , panther or puma , is the most widely distributed cat in the americas . it is unspotted - - tawny - colored above overlaid with buff below . it has a small head and small , rounded , black - tipped ears . watch one in this video .
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