the south american coati , or ring-tailed coati ( nasua nasua ) , is a species of coati , members of the raccoon family ( procyonidae ) , from tropical and subtropical south america .

in brazilian portuguese it is known as quati .

weight in this species is 2 – 7.2 kg ( 4.4 – 15.9 lb ) and total length is 85 – 113 cm ( 33 – 44 in ) , half of that being its tail .

its color is highly variable and the rings on the tail may be quite weak , but it lacks the largely white muzzle ( " nose " ) of its northern cousin , the white-nosed coati .

south american coati

brown - nosed coati , coatimundi , ring - tailed coati , southern coati .
the south american coati occupies forested habitats in south america , from colombia and venezuela in the north to uruguay and northern argentina in the south .
congenital glycogen storage disease in a south american coati ( nasua nasua ) . - pubmed - ncbi
female south american coati live in groups which forage and rest together , but adult males are usually solitary .
experimental trypanosoma evansi infection in south american coati ( nasua nasua ) : hematological , biochemical and histopathological changes .
the south american coati is regularly hunted by humans . however , although it is often an important food source , some native people avoid eating the south american coati because of cultural taboos or taste preferences ( 4 ) .
order carnivora family procyonidae habitat & range south american coatis are widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical south america . most occur in the lowlands east of the andes . identification also called the ring - tailed coati , the south american
the south american coati is easily recognised by its reddish - brown fur , banded tail and elongated , flexible snout .
experimental trypanosoma evansi infection in south american coati ( nasua nasua ) : hematological , biochemical and histopathological changes . - pubmed - ncbi
the south american coati can be found in a number of locations including : amazon rainforest , south america . find out more about these places and what else lives there .
a south american coati which was wrongly mistaken for a ' small bear ' has been captured after it spent two months on the run .
the south american coati has a varied diet , and uses its flexible nose to probe into crevices and leaf litter in search of food .
the south american coati has a wide native distribution east of the andean chain , from colombia and venezuela southwards to northern argentina and northern uruguay .
the name ‘coati’ comes from native american indian words meaning ‘belt’ and ‘nose’ , referring to the way coati tuck their nose into their belly while sleeping .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - south american coati ( nasua nasua )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - south american coati ( nasua nasua )
title =
arkive species - south american coati ( nasua nasua )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
female south american coatis live in groups which forage and rest together , but adult males are usually solitary .
the south american coati’s elongated snout is very useful for searching crevices and holes for food ( 2 ) . studies have shown that the south american coati is an important seed disperser . when it consumes fruits , the seeds pass through its digestive tract and are then released in its droppings in other places ( 6 ) .
the following habitats are found across the south american coati distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
white spots are found around the south american coati’s eyes . its ears are short and rounded , and have a dark outer colouring and white insides ( 4 ) . the south american coati has a distinctive elongated , pointed snout , ending in a flexible nose that protrudes beyond the end of the lower jaw ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
the south american coati is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and is listed on appendix iii of cites ( 3 ) .
nasua ( 2 species ) : south american coati ( nasua nasua ) , found over much of south america except for the southern third , and white - nosed coati ( nasua narica ) , found throughout central america and into the southwestern united states . the dwarf ( or cozumel ) coati , from cozumel island , mexico , is sometimes recognized as a distinct species , n . nelsoni .
the belly of the south american coati is white or yellowish to light brown , while the feet are dark brown to black ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the tail , like that of many other members of the raccoon family ( procyonidae ) , has a series of rings , which in the case of the south american coati are yellow or light brown . however , in some individuals the tail rings may be quite faint ( 4 ) . the south american coati’s tail is long , slender and tapering , and is often held erect while the animal is foraging ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
main characteristics south american coatis have a body length between 41 and 70 cms ( 16 - 28 inches ) , a tail length between 32 and 70 cms ( 12 . 5 - 28 inches ) and they weigh between 2 . 5 and 7 kgs ( 5 . 5 - 15 lbs ) . they are red / brown , grey / brown or yellow / brown in colour and they have a pale coloured underside and black feet . their long tail is marked with black rings and they have black and grey markings on their face . habitat south american coatis can be found in the forests and woodlands of south america . diet south american coatis feed on invertebrates , lizards , frogs , fruit and eggs . breeding after a gestation period of 77 days , south american coatis give birth to 3 - 4 young . they are weaned at 4 months old and reach sexual maturity at around 2 years of age . predators predators of south american coatis are snakes , large cats and humans . subspecies there are 13 subspecies of the south american coati : nasua nasua nasua nasua nasua aricana nasua nasua boliviensis nasua nasua candace nasua nasua cinerascens nasua nasua dorsalis nasua nasua manium nasua nasua molaris nasua nasua montana nasua nasua quichua nasua nasua solitaria nasua nasua spadicea nasua nasua vittata interesting facts south american coatis are also known as : southern ring - tailed coati ring - tailed coati ringtailed coati coati coatimundi similar animals ringtail red panda cacomistle common raccoon crab - eating raccoon mountain coati white - nosed coati
south american coatis are prey in their native range to foxes , jaguars , pumas , ocelots and jaguarundis , and to dogs and people .
has been mentioned ; to date , however , there has been no confirmation of it . the south american gray fox was introduced to the
ring - tailed coati is a mammal that belongs to the order carnivores . it is also known as south - american coati , because it can be found only in south america . ring - tailed coati lives in tropical and subtropical areas of andes , colombia , guianas , uruguay and argentina . ring - tailed coati inhabits dense forests and wet jungles . this animal is listed as least concern , which means that is not on the list of endangered species .
the south american coati is a popular subject for zoological collections and is relatively skilled at escaping from captivity . short - term escapes from captivity have been the pathway for the records so far in gb .
coatis , specifically white - nosed coatis ( nasua narica ) and south american coatis ( nasua nasua ) , are south american raccoons , commonly , but incorrectly , referred to as coatimundi . they are related to both kinkajous and north american raccoons . coati are omnivores with a lot of energy and , just like their north american cousins , they forage for their food in the wild . some people opt to care for them as pets but these wild animals are not ideal for most households .
children should not be allowed to play with coati . coati can bite , especially if they don ' t want you to do something , so coati are not good pets for most people .
the south american coati is an omnivore and eats a variety of fruit and invertebrates , including insects , spiders , scorpions , crabs , centipedes and millipedes . this species has also been known to eat vertebrates and carrion when available , and its diet varies with location and also with season ( 4 ) ( 6 ) . the south american coati has been seen eating tarantulas after rolling them around to remove their irritating hairs ( 4 ) .
the name ‘coati’ comes from native american indian words meaning ‘belt’ and ‘nose’ , referring to the way coatis tuck their nose into their belly while sleeping .
south american coatis are the symbol of the iguaçu national park in brazil . visitors can admire them up close because they roam freely around the park . since it ' s not shy , many tourists bring home pictures of the coati .
in addition to hunting , intensive deforestation and dam - building also have negative effects on the population of the south american coati ( 1 ) ( 4 ) . coatis are also seen as interesting and inquisitive pets , and may potentially be affected by collection from the wild . the population of this species is likely to be declining , but the south american coati is still widespread and relatively common , and is not currently considered to be at risk of extinction ( 1 ) .
the south american coati is usually active during the day , and spends its nights sleeping in trees . however , the males are often active at night . the coati spends much of its time foraging in trees , but can also be found searching for food on the ground . it uses its tail to help keep it balanced while moving around and travels between 1 . 5 and 2 kilometres a day looking for food ( 2 ) . when disturbed in the trees , the south american coati typically jumps down and escapes across the ground ( 4 ) .
visitors to perth zoo these school holidays will be amongst the first to explore a new precinct , ‘amazonia’ , home to some amazing animals from the south american amazon .
list of mammals newly gallery : 1 . south american coati . 2 . south american sea lion . 3 . brazilian guinea pig . list of reptiles newly gallery : argentine gigant tegu . changes in the galleries birds : 1 . common moorhen . 2 . monk parakeet . 3 . sand martin . changes in the galleries insect : 1 . butterflies . 2 . other insects . go to the gallery : argentina fauna
in tropical forests , plains and mountains in parts of south and central america .
south american coatis are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss ( land clearing for mining , roads , timber and agriculture ) and being hunted by people for food .
in the uk , the south american coati is not known to be having any impact at present on the ecosystems it inhabits . however , it is thought that this species could compete with or predate native wildlife should it become established ( 8 ) .
the south american coati belongs , like its cousin the raccoon , to the procyonidae family . the coati is a good climber and moves easily in trees . it is capable of reversing its feet’s position by rotating its ankles which facilitates its descent from the trees head first . south american coatis live in groups of five to eight individuals , which almost always include females and young males . when they reach the age of two years , the males are excluded from the clan and live alone except during mating periods .
the south american coati ( nasua nasua ) is a member of the raccoon family and is easily recognised by its reddish - brown fur and elongated snout . although this species is quite variable in colour , the usual colouration is an orange or reddish to dark brown or black ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the body also often has an overlay of some yellow . the south american coati’s snout , however , is dark brown to black , with more yellow hair towards the front , giving a somewhat grizzled appearance ( 4 ) .
nowak , r . 1995 .
walker ' s mammals of the world , online . south american foxes
( on - line ) . accessed november 28 , 2001 at urltoken .
the south american coati ( nasua nasua ) is a member of the raccoon family procyonidae . its natural range extends from southern colombia and venezuela to northern argentina and uruguay . n . nasua has been introduced to mallorca , robinson crusoe island and cambria uk . the impact on robinson crusoe island notably has been on native seabird colonies where the coati has decimated numbers .
the south american coati lives primarily in forest habitats , including deciduous forest , evergreen forest , gallery forest , cerrado and dry scrub forest . this species occupies a wide range of elevations , reaching up to 2 , 500 metres in the andes ( 1 ) ( 4 ) .
the south american gray fox occurs in a variety of habitats , from the warm , arid scrublands of the argentine uplands and the cold , arid patagonian steppe to the forests of southernmost chile .
sightings in south cumbria in 2003–04 may have been the first in the wild in gb .
discover our animals from north and south america including guanacos , bears and mackenzie valley wolves .
a variety of wooded landscapes are inhabited by south american coatis , including gallery forest , cerrado ( tropical and woodland savannah ) and wetlands . forests are generally preferred and open areas used more sporadically .
the south american gray fox ( lycalopex griseus ) , also known as the patagonian fox , the chilla , or the grey zorro , is a species of zorro , the
false
foxes .
the south american coati lives primarily in forest habitats , including deciduous forest , evergreen forest , gallery forest , cerrado and dry scrub forest from columbia & venezuela to uraguay & northern argentina . they occupy a large range of elevations , reaching up to 2 , 500 metres in the andes .
the south american coati is widespread and common across most of its native range and is classified as of ' least concern ' for conservation by iucn . the only known non - native population is on robinson crusoe island in the juan fernandez islands in the southeast pacific ocean ( chile ) .
the south american coati is broadly distributed in south america . it ranges from colombia and venezuela in the north to uruguay and northern argentina in the south ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the species has been introduced to robinson crusoe , one of the juan fernández islands of chile ( 1 ) ( 4 ) , and is now also found in cumbria , uk , as a result of escapes from zoos and collections and possibly through deliberate release ( 6 ) .
the south american coati , nasua nasua , is a member of the raccoon family ( procyonidae ) and is usually easily recognised by its reddish - brown fur , long banded tail and dark elongated snout . it is also known as the ring - tailed coati , though the rings on the tail may be quite weak . the fur colouration may also vary : there are many subspecies .
when the land bridge to south america was created , invaders from the north soon moved in .
3 . nasua nasua subsp . solitaria - coatimundi / south brazilian of argentina , brazil , uruguay
diet : south american coatis are omnivores . they eat fruit , nuts , invertebrates , eggs , reptiles and small mammals . they usually feed on what is most readily available and have a highly variable diet .
mating in this species usually occurs between october and february , with births occurring in march and april . the gestation period of the south american coati lasts 74 to 77 days . in captivity , litter sizes range from one to seven young , with three to four being the most common . young south american coatis open their eyes at around ten days old . they can stand around day 19 and walk well by day 24 , and their climbing abilities develop shortly thereafter , at around 26 days old . in the wild , female south american coatis leave their group to build a nest in a tree , which is where they give birth . after five to six weeks the female returns to the group with her young ( 4 ) .
a 14 - mo - old south american coati ( nasua nasua ) was submitted for necropsy to the university of kentucky veterinary diagnostic laboratory . the coati had a history of progressive neurologic signs beginning 3 mo prior to euthanasia . at necropsy , the coati was in thin body condition , but no other significant findings were evident . histopathologic findings included moderate distension of neuronal cell bodies by finely vesiculated cytoplasm within the cerebrum , cerebellum , spinal cord , and intestinal ganglia . hepatocytes and macrophages in the lung , spleen , and liver were similarly affected . transmission electron microscopy showed numerous electrondense membranous cytoplasmic bodies , swirls , and vesicular profiles within neuronal lysosomes in the brain . to the authors ' knowledge , this is the first report of a naturally occurring congenital glycogen storage disease in a south american coati and the family procyonidae .
the south american , ring - tailed or brown - nosed coati is not thought to be established in gb but has occasionally been observed outside the confines of zoological collections . no instances are known of breeding in the wild in gb . like its relative the raccoon , it might have the potential to become invasive in gb .
the list includes some species that are already widespread such as the grey squirrel ( sciurus carolinensis ) and the muntjac deer ( muntiacus reevesii ) in the uk and the raccoon in germany , but also those that are still nibbling at the fringes , like the south american coati ( nasua nasua ) which has reached mallorca in spain .
a number of subspecies of south american coati have been recognised ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . the common name of this species comes from the native tupian indian words cua , meaning ‘belt’ , and tim , meaning ‘nose’ , and refers to the coati’s habit of sleeping with its nose tucked into its belly . its scientific name , nasua , comes from the latin word for ‘nose’ , referring to its characteristically long snout ( 4 ) .
adult male south american coatis live solitary lives while females and immature males travel in groups of up to 30 individuals . these groups vary in size depending on where they live , and the members of the group give constant vocalisations to stay in contact with each other ( 4 ) . as in the closely related white - nosed coati ( nasua narica ) , adult male south american coatis are likely to be excluded from groups by collective aggression from the females . however , during the breeding season a single adult male is allowed into each female group ( 2 ) .
the south american coati’s front feet have long , blunt and slightly curved claws and webbing between the toes , whereas the back feet have shorter claws . this species has large canine teeth , which are usually larger in males than in females ( 4 ) , and the males are also larger than the females in overall body size ( 2 ) .
neutering can be performed by an exotics veterinarian and is recommended before the coati reaches 6 months of age . females can become aggressive when they are in heat so spaying them is recommended for a more even tempered coati .
pet coati need to have the proper dietary ratios fed to them to stay healthy and live a long life .
ring - tailed coati can survive up to 7 years in the wild and up to 15 years in captivity .
did you know that pumpkins make for great enrichment for our active and curious south american coati at the san francisco zoo ? in this video , see them play and enjoy treats , while learning about these adorable creatures . we hope you ' ll want to come meet them for yourself ! plan a visit : urltoken voice - over by : tess & kate hodges
the coati’s snout can rotate up to 60 in any direction and is used to rub their body or move objects around .
the south american coati occurs in several protected areas ( 1 ) and is listed on appendix iii of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , meaning that this species is protected by at least one country and that country wants other members of cites to help control trade in this species . currently , the subspecies nasua nasua solitaria is protected by cites in uruguay ( 3 ) .
animal welfare officers began hunting the clawed coati after he was spotted up a tree in a garden in marlow , last month .
the name ‘coati’ comes from native american indian words cua , meaning ‘belt’ and tim , meaning ‘nose’ , referring to the way coatis tuck their nose into their belly while sleeping . its scientific name , nasua , comes from the latin word for ‘nose’ , referring to its long snout .
belonging to the same family as the raccoon and with a south american coati cousin , the white - nosed coati is an omnivore that commonly lives in wooded areas of mostly central america and mexico . the southern limit of its range stops in columbia , while the northern limit extends or used to extend into southeastern arizona , new mexico , south texas and the southern half of the trans pecos . the majority of the texas populations most likely died out because of habit fragmentation and destruction from land use and land cover changes taking place over the last 100 to 200 years ; however , the post oak savanna of northern south texas and the current increasing conversion from post oak savanna to post oak woodland in the dewitt county area to be more specific could have provided favorable conditions for an isolated population to survive and even thrive .
south american coatis are diurnal animals . they love to swim and play in trees . their long tails are used for keeping balance while traveling in the woods . they search for animal prey by using their snouts to poke through crevices or by turning over fallen leaves on the ground . coatis are beneficial , in that larger coatis help to control rodents and insects . additionally , they can also disperse plant seeds . furthermore , although coatis are a member of the raccoon family , their appearance is different . besides , south american coatis do not wash or rub food in water as raccoons do .
which animal is taipei zoo ' s star of the month ? the answer is undoubtedly the south american coatis . five coati cubs were born on march 23 , 2013 . the features of these newborn cubs are their pointy elf - like noses and tails with dark brown and yellow stripes . zoo keepers will be telling stories about the coati cubs at the children ' s zoo ( in chinese ) . don’t miss the keepers ' talk from 10 : 45 a . m . to 11 : 00 a . m . on june 2nd , 9th , 16th and 23rd .
south american coatis are omnivorous members of the raccoon family and have long mobile snouts , reddish fur and ringed tails . male coatis were once thought to be a separate species from the females because of their solitary habits , and were called ' coatimundis ' . the females live in highly social groups .
if you are curious about what a coati is or are considering one as a pet this guide will point you in the right direction .
macroscopic anatomy of the term placenta in coati . zp = zonary chorioallantoic placenta , co / al = noninvasive chorioallantois , am = amnion .
profile common name : south american coati scientific name : nasua nasua classification : class mammalia , order carnivora , family procyonidae conservation status : protected under cites appendix iii in uruguay , but are not classified as threatened in other countries . distribution : coatis are broadly distributed in the tropical regions of south america , from columbia and venezuela to uruguay , northern parts of argentina and into ecuador . food habits : they are omnivorous and primarily feed on fruit , invertebrates , other small mammals and birds ' eggs . disposition : coatis are diurnal animal . they are good at climbing trees and swimming .
placental research in carnivores has concentrated on domestic species , which have zonary , labyrinthine placentas with an endotheliochorial barrier . although the coati , nasua nasua , is a widely distributed species in south america , data on the development of the placenta and the fetal membranes in this species are very sparse .
they are native to south , central and parts of north america and are commonly found in tropical forests , living primarily on a diet of insects .
potos ( 1 species ) : kinkajou ( potos flavus ) , found from southern mexico through the northern half of south america east of the andes .
coati varies in color between grey , brown , red and blonde . perhaps their most notable feature is their long , pointed snout . body length averages 33 to 45 inches , half of which is made up of the tail . the average coati weighs between 4 and 16 pounds . diet the south american coati is omnivorous and primarily feeds on fruit , invertebrates , small animals , and birds ' eggs . they search for fruit using their long snout to poke through leaves and crevices and their sharp claws to rip open logs and overturn rocks . reproduction & lifespan mating takes place when fruit is in season . females , who live in groups of 15 to 30 individuals , come into heat simultaneously . one female may mate with several males . after a gestation period of 77 days , females give birth to an average of 2 to 4 young . females will remain with the group they are born into , however males will leave the group after approximately 3 years . south american coatis live an average of 7 years in the wild and up to 14 years in captivity .
south american coatis were introduced to the island of robinson crusoe when two pregnant females escaped . the population has since grown and the species is causing damage to native flora on robinson crusoe , as well as possibly being the cause of the decline in the juan fernández firecrown ( sephanoides fernandensis ) on the island ( 4 ) .
main predators of ring - tailed coati are jaguars , jaguarundis , pumas , foxes , dogs , birds of prey , snakes , crocodiles and humans .
if this is a subspecies that by choice is found to favor a more carnivorous diet than regular white - nosed coati , it probably did not originate at this particular location but somewhere in latin america where the legend of the chupacabra is older and more prevalent . if there is not a blood - sucking subspecies of coati out there and if the animal mutilations do not match those of coati eating patterns , then there still may be something out there doing the mutilation ; however , i do believe that most sightings can be explained as a misidentity case of a recessive hairless white - nosed coati .
the south american coati resembles its close relative the raccoon procyon lotor of north and central america in size and general appearance . its fur is a pale brown , often reddish , with darker legs , feet , ears and markings around the face and long , pointed snout . the tail is thick and bushy , strongly ringed with darker brown , and often held aloft . the animals are active diurnally , hunting for fruit or for animal prey on the ground or high in trees .
ring - tailed coati is named because of the black rings that cover the tail . rest of the body is covered with thick , tan - colored fur .
both a walker and a climber , the coati owes this duality to the morphology of its paws . like humans , the coati is plantigrade . this means that it places the palm of its hand and the sole of its foot on the ground when it moves . its five fingers on each hand are roughly equal in length .
known for their inquisitive personalities , these south american raccoons are definitely unique . they are diurnal ( awake during the day ) , eat many different foods , can live about 14 years , and act like permanent toddlers . if coatis aren ' t bottle raised at a young age and continually socialized they can become very violent and dangerous , much like a pet primate . therefore , to increase your chances of having a loving and enjoyable pet , be sure to provide plenty of enrichment , exercise , and attention to your coati .
there were seven known records in gb up to 2008 , involving ten animals . during 2003–07 , perhaps up to ten animals were recorded in the wild in south cumbria .
possesses a derived condition in that the organ persists , fully functional , until near term . areolae are absent in the coati and in other musteloidae , cats and hyenas [
ring - tailed coati nasua nasua at the cotswold wildlife park , burford , oxfordshire , england . photographed by adrian pingstone in june 2006 and placed in the public domain .
favaron po , carter am , ambrosio ce , morini ac , mess am , oliveira mf , miglino ma . placentation in sigmodontinae : a rodent taxon native to south america .
these are very unnatural things to do to any animal including a coati . declawing and healthy tooth removal are controversial issues . coatis have sharp claws and teeth for a reason and removing them to prevent injuries to their owners is not appropriate . if you are not prepared for everything a coati is then you should not have one as a pet .
' the coati seemed to be favouring three gardens by the river to visit for food so we laid a humane trap with pieces of fresh fruit at one of the properties .
potential predators of the coati include jaguars ( panthera onca ) , pumas ( puma concolor ) , ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ) and jaguarundis ( puma yagouaroundi ) ( 4 ) .
several mammalian species are found in the atacama desert , including the minute near threatened atacama myotis ( myotis atacamensis ) ; elegant fat - tailed opossum ( thylamys elegans ) ; manso grass mouse ( akodon olivaceus ) ; osgood ' s leaf - eared mouse ( phyllotis osgoodi ) ; darwin ' s leaf - eared mouse ( phyllotis darwini ) and the south american gray fox ( pseudalopex griseus ) .
guilherme trovati , r . , alves de brito , b . & barbanti duarte , j . m . ( 2010 ) habitat use and home range of brown - nosed coati ,
ring - tailed coati is an omnivore ( eats both plants and animals ) . its diet consists of small mammals , reptiles and invertebrates , eggs , nuts , seeds , fruit .
although most procyonid species are not threatened at this point in time , the cozumel raccoon and cozumel ( or dwarf ) coati are highly endangered ( kays [ 2009 ] treated the former as a valid raccoon species and the latter as a subspecies of the white - nosed coati , but he noted that the cozumel coati is sometimes treated as a full species ) . the olinguito has a small range in a region with intense conversion of forest to agriculture ; the mountain coatis also have small ranges and may be threatened by conversion of their forest habitat to agriculture .
nasua nasua is broadly distributed in south america , ranging from colombia and venezuela in the north to uruguay and northern argentina in the south ( gompper and decker 1998 ) . the species is absent from the llano grasslands of venezuela ( eisenberg 1989 ) . it has been introduced to robinson crusoe , one of the juan fernández islands of chile ( miller and rottmann 1976 , pine et al . 1979 , colwell 1989 ) .
ring - tailed coati is a medium sized animal . it can weigh between 4 . 4 and 16 pounds , with length of up to 44 inches . tail measures the half of the total body length .
females live in the groups composed of 15 to 30 animals . group of ring - tailed coati is better known as
band
. males are solitary creatures . they gather with females only during mating season .
the south american coati has a varied diet , comprising a range of invertebrates and fruit . it forages both in the trees and on the ground and uses its flexible nose to probe into crevices and leaf litter in search of food . adult females , infants and immature coatis live in groups of up to 30 individuals , whereas adult males are usually solitary . a pregnant female will leave their group to build a nest in a tree where she will give birth , usually to a litter size of three or four young . the infants are able to walk and climb by the time they are a month old and within six weeks of birth the female returns to the group with her young .
everyone is welcome to see the coatis face to face in june , during the keepers ' talk . come to the children ' s zoo and meet the lovely coati cubs and their neighbors , the llamas and ponies .
treats can include insects such as gut loaded crickets and mealworms and pieces of cereal or crackers can also be offered . prickly pear fruits are a favorite of coatis and can be used as a training reward . be sure to stay away from sweet or salty foods though when treating your coati . diseases related to poor diets and unwanted behaviors such as food aggression or being picky can develop if you spoil your coati too much with these foods .
nasuella ( 1 species [ but now 2 ] ) : mountain coati ( nasuella olivacea ) , found in montane forests above 2000 meters in northwestern south america . helgen et al . ( 2009 ) suggested that this might be the least studied carnivore genus globally . morphological and molecular phylogenetic investigations by helgen et al . led them to the conclusion that there are actually two distinct mountain coati species , which they referred to as the eastern mountain coati ( nasuella meridensis ) , found in the venezuelan andes and formerly recognized as a subspecies , and the western mountain coati ( n . olivacea ) , found in the andes of colombia and ecuador . their molecular phylogenetic analyses also suggested that nasuella may fall within the genus nasua as the sister lineage to nasua narica , making the genus nasua paraphyletic as currently defined , although a strong conclusion on this question will require additional morphological and genetic comparisons , including data from independent genetic markers . if this conclusion stands , however , the genus name nasuella would likely be relegated to a synonym of nasua and all the coatis and mountain coatis would be included in the genus nasua . .
favaron po , carter am , ambrosio ce , morini ac , mess am , oliveira mf , miglino ma : placentation in sigmodontinae : a rodent taxon native to south america . reprod biol endocrinol . 2011 , 9 : 55 -
so now we know it is a coati . the question is , what kind ? and also , is this a new population , or has it been here the entire time , surviving in refugia in the form of the southern extension of the post oak savanna ? why do we only see this hairless type of coati in the area ? do they all have mange , or do they all share a recessive hairless trait ? there could be a few different scenarios .
south american coatis were common near igazu . apparently they were too common and even dangerous for tourists . they approached visitors unceremoniously and those who recklessly held food in thin foil bags were violently attacked and deprived of their meals . in over - 30 - degree heat it was even difficult to drink without being bothered by them . one of participants of our trip ( greetings to paweł ) sat down in a nearby restaurant and opened a can with some drink – the can placed on the table was confiscated by coatis at once . they did it swiftly , decisively and aggressively . it was not a pleasant feeling , as south american coatis are not tiny creatures , not to mention their teeth . their body length with the tail reaches 1 . 4 m , and the weight of an adult specimen can reach up to 7 kilograms . what is more , they prowled in small gangs , always successful in their attacks for tourists’ food bags and drinks . they are smart and intelligent . opening a litter bin with leftovers is not a problem for them . they occur in south america , from the north to the north of argentina , except for mountainous regions on the west of the continent . they were so aggressive and unlikeable in their behavior that i did not take many pictures of them…
the south american leaf - toed gecko ( phyllodactylus gerrhopygus ) , found only in southern peru and northern chile , occurs in the atacama desert . near - endemic amphibians are represented by the vallenar toad ( rhinella atacamensis ) , which occurs in and near oases and streams year - around . breeding occurs in permanent pools ( including livestock water tanks ) , streams and rivers . eggs are laid in long strings , and the larvae develop where these were laid . r . atacamensis achieves is highest altitude occurrence at 2574 metres near mostazal .
coati are not commonly seen as pets but rectal prolapses are often seen from straining to defecate due to parasites and / or diarrhea . malnutrition is also seen due to an improper diet and if multiple coatis are housed together there may be injuries from fighting .
the south american coati is usually active during the daytime , which is untypical of the other raccoons . another one difference is the gregarious way of life . the females of the coati live in matriarchal groups of 14 - 30 animals . the group consists of several eugamic females , as well as their impuberal cubs . the males live solitary life , and join the females only during the mating season . the animals spend most part of their active time on getting food . at night , they sleep on the trees , where they also build lairs and breed . the body length is 40 - 70cm . the tail length is 35 - 75cm . the total length is 104 . 5cm on average . the height at the shoulder is 30cm . they weigh 3 - 7kg ( the average weight is 4 . 5kg ) ; the males are heavier than the females . the head is narrow with slightly upward and very flexible nose . the ears are small and rounded , with white rims on the inner side . the fur is short , fluffy and may be of different shades of brown . the tail is long and ringed .
diet : primarily omnivorous , coati usually seek out fruits and invertebrates , palms , eggs , larval beetles , scorpions , centipedes , spiders , ants , termites , lizards , small mammals , rodents , and carrion when it is available and on the rare occasion can take chickens .
ring - tailed coati has highly elastic ankles , which facilitate movement toward the top of the trees and back on the ground . they can run from the tree to the ground with their head going before legs . flexible ankles are specific adaptation to the life on the trees .
most procyonids are generally nocturnal , spending the day sleeping in a tree cavity or rock den and only emerging after sunset . coatis , however , sleep in trees during the night and are active during the day . coatis are also the most social procyonids . females and their young travel in groups of up to 65 individuals , although smaller groups of 10 to 30 are more common . adult male coatis ( especially south american coatis ) sometimes trail along , but are more likely to forage alone . kinkajous and northern raccoons have also been found to exhibit some degree of sociality , at least under some circumstances .
if it is a new population of simply white - nosed coati , their hairless nature could be explained by recessive trait , mange or malnutrition . if it is not mange or a recessive trait , then it could be from malnutrition because of a forced shift toward more meat in their diet from habitat limitations such as the absence of suitable vegetation for their omnivorous diet . on the other hand , if we are dealing with a healthy population of coati with no mange or malnutrition but simply a recessive trait , then this would indicate a population that has developed in relative isolation . this population has most likely been limited from traveling north along the post oak savanna by temperature and to the south , west and east by agriculture and the gulf of mexico . if this is the case , a subspecies might have developed here with noticeable genetic differences only found within this geographic region .
all of the local biologists are saying that what was found in ratcliffe was a hairless raccoon ; however , i believe the evidence points to a hairless white - nosed coati ( nasua narica ) or a new , undiscovered subspecies . even though we live in a developed country , there is a lot of land out there , especially in a state like texas , for even megafauna to go relatively unnoticed ; however , since we are in south texas , which has one of the highest rates of biodiversity in the united states , finding weird and uncommon animals should not be a surprise .
the species is widespread and relatively common in areas of intact habitat , but populations are under threat from hunting and the destruction and fragmentation of forest in central and south america . however , the level of threat and the relative decline in numbers is not well known as this species is relatively unstudied .
in argentina , this species inhabits the western semiarid region of the country , from the andean spurs ( ca . 69ºw ) to meridian 66ºw . south from the río grande , the distribution of the fox widens reaching the atlantic coast . in chile , it is present throughout the country . its presence in
alves - costa , c . p . , da fonseca , g . a . b . and christófaro , c . ( 2004 ) variation in the diet of the brown - nosed coati ( nasua nasua ) in southeastern brazil . journal of mammalogy , 85 ( 3 ) : 478 - 482 .
most procyonids are habitat generalists , although the olinguito and mountain coatis are andean cloud forest specialists . procyonids are generally associated with trees and any forest across most of the americas is likely to be home to at least one procyonid ( as many as six species may be found in some parts of panama ) . kinkajous occur in virtually all tropical forest types from lowland tropical rainforest to high elevation cloud forest to dry forest . white - nosed and south american coatis also use a wide variety of forest types , but move into drier chaco , cerrado , and mountainous deserts as well . raccoons are tied to the aquatic environments they feed in . they find abundant habitat in wet forests , but also follow waterways and shorelines into drier habitats . in addition , northern raccoons thrive in suburban and even urban habitats ( especially since the 1970s and 1980s ) . ringtails are found in a range of forest habitat types , but are less tied to forest than other procyonids , often occurring in rocky deserts with cliffs . cacomistles are found only in rainy tropical areas , but use a range of habitats , including mature oak cloud forest , secondary forest , and overgrown pastures . some procyonids actually seem to benefit from human activity ( e . g . , northern raccoons and , to a lesser extent , ringtails ) and cacomistles , south american coatis , white - nosed coatis , and kinkajous seem to tolerate moderate forest fragmentation reasonably well , so long as they are not heavily hunted . some other procyonids , such as mountain coatis and olinguitos are believed to be far more sensitive to habitat disturbance , although little information is available for these taxa .
coati are dark brown , grey , or brightly rust coloured on top and white or yellow / light brown underneath . the head is narrow with the nose slightly turned upward and elongated , and is very flexible . the muzzle is brown with pale spots above , below , and behind the eye . the ears are small and fringed with white on the inside rims . their long tails are black to brown with yellow rings . adults measure 41 to 67 cm from head to the base of the tail , with the tail 32 to 69 cm to their length . coati are about 30 cm tall at the shoulder , and weigh between 3 and 6 kg . they have strong claws and forelimbs to climb and dig out food from under rotted logs and can reverse the joints of the anklebone to descend trees headfirst .
regarding the fine structure of the fetomaternal interface , the following characters are widespread among carnivores and seemed to belong to their stem species pattern or ancestral pattern : an endotheliochorial barrier in the zonary or circumferential placenta , in addition to a yolk sac and a large allantoic sac that persist until term . in contrast , the coati and other procyonids were derived from the ancient carnivore condition , maintaining the cellular trophoblast to term [
the coati may be able to tolerate the post oak savanna ; however , their preference for a dense , high canopy cover woodland or forest could be the reason for increasing encounters . the suppression of fire and improper livestock rates and rotation has led to an encroachment of understory plants such as huisache , scrub oak and yaupon into an over story of live oak and post oak in much of the land in dewitt county .
] . it is currently unclear what types of tissue - specific inflammation patterns and associated molecular mechanisms are involved in establishing specific fetomaternal contact in various regions . thus , carnivores are interesting animal models for studying the full range of interhaemal barrier differentiation and function within an individual species . the coati may be of special interest to further study persisting hemophagous organs to better understand the nature and functional significance of substance transfer in the placental areas .
regarding the fine structure of the fetomaternal interface , the following characters are widespread among carnivores and seemed to belong to their stem species pattern or ancestral pattern : an endotheliochorial barrier in the zonary or circumferential placenta , in addition to a yolk sac and a large allantoic sac that persist until term . in contrast , the coati and other procyonids were derived from the ancient carnivore condition , maintaining the cellular trophoblast to term [ 19 - 21 ] .
there is an important pelt trade in south america . according to cites , from 1980 to 1983 , 381 , 000 fox skins were exported , 98 % of which were purported to have originated in argentina . over 7 , 000 skins were recorded as being exported from chile , despite the species being protected in that country . most exports were made to west germany ( 72 % ) , switzerland ( 7 . 2 % ) , and italy ( 4 . 4 % ) .
the data on the coati supported previous views on the ancestral placental characters of carnivores ; the maintenance of cellular trophoblasts in the barrier and the large , central hemophagous organ that persisted until near term were confirmed . the ancestral pattern of carnivores includes not only an endotheliochorial , labyrinthine placental girdle , but also extended epitheliochorial and hemochorial zones and placental function for the yolk sac . this considerable complexity of fetomaternal contact zones must have evolved before the radiation of carnivores , approximately 65 million years ago [ 25 , 26 ] . it is currently unclear what types of tissue - specific inflammation patterns and associated molecular mechanisms are involved in establishing specific fetomaternal contact in various regions . thus , carnivores are interesting animal models for studying the full range of interhaemal barrier differentiation and function within an individual species . the coati may be of special interest to further study persisting hemophagous organs to better understand the nature and functional significance of substance transfer in the placental areas .


bicyclus simulacris is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in tanzania , malawi and zambia .

the habitat consists of montane forests .

bicyclus simulacris

bicyclus ephorus weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79
bicyclus auricruda ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 2 ; [ nhm card ]
bicyclus anynana ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 419 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus vansoni condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1101
bicyclus similis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 902
bicyclus sylvicolus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 788
bicyclus nachtetis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1104
bicyclus maesseni condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1071
bicyclus xeneoides condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 791
bicyclus howarthi condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 908
bicyclus sambulos cyaneus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 783
bicyclus sambulos unicolor condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1068
bicyclus campina ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus campinus carcassoni condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1164
bicyclus matuta idjwiensis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1440
bicyclus sanaos melas condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1442
bicyclus sophrosyne overlaeti condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1103
bicyclus smithi eurypterus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1445
bicyclus ignobilis acutus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1447
bicyclus xeneas occidentalis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1108
bicyclus trilophus jacksoni condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 796
bicyclus saussurei angustus condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1073
bicyclus suffusa ituriensis condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1076
= bicyclus denina ; lamas , 2010 , shilap revta . lepid . 38 ( 150 ) : ( 197 - 204 )
bicyclus moyses condamin & fox , 1964 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 26 : 629
bicyclus ignobilis eurini condamin & fox , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1166
bicyclus kenia ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 403 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mandanes ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 404 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus vulgaris ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 406 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus sandace ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 407 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus ena ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 29 , f . 409 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus buea ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 411 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus golo ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 416 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus safitza ; [ afrl ] ; larsen & vane - wright , 2012 , shilap revta . lepid . 40 ( 157 ) : 85
bicyclus campus ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 421 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus milyas ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423a ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus pavonis ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus funebris ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 273 , pl . 30 , f . 424 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus sophrosyne sophrosyne ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 413 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus smithi smithi ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 415 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus xeneas ; [ afrl ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 117 , f . 6 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ]
bicyclus safitza safitza ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 420 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mesogena mesogena ; [ bafr ] , 168 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 402 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus rileyi condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 792 ; tl : cameroun , bitje - ja
bicyclus jefferyi ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 28 , f . 408 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus istaris ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 412 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mollitia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 414 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus saussurei angustus ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 177 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 418 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus taenias ; [ bow ] : pl . 118 , f . 2 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ afrl ]
dicothyris karsch , 1893 ; berl . ent . z . 38 ( 1 / 2 ) : 203 ; ts : mycalesis sambulos hewitson
w . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo republic , zaire , equatorial guinea . see [ maps ]
hewitsonii nyongensis ( birket - smith , 1960 ) ( mycalesis ) ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 22 : 550
ephorus bergeri condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1099
mycalesis graueri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 256
s . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , fernando póo ( macías nguema i . ) . see [ maps ]
idiomorphus zinebi butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 , pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : gold coast
kenya , e . zaire , uganda ( toro ) . see [ maps ]
mesogena mesogenina grünberg , 1912 ² ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 509
mycalesis sambulos hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : gaboon
c . kenya ( highlands ) , loita , mau hills , n . tanzania , n . lake victoria , s . sudan . see [ maps ]
mycalesis ( ? ) kenia rogenhofer , 1891 ; ann . mus . wien 6 ( 3 ) : 462 , pl . 15 , f . 8
senegal - w . kenya , tanzania ( forests ) , uganda , zaire , gabon , angola . see [ maps ]
gambia - angola , uganda , tanzania , w . kenya . see [ maps ]
mycalesis tolosa plötz , 1880 ; stettin ent . ztg 41 ( 4 - 6 ) : 197 ; tl : abo , aburi und victoria
burundi , rwanda , tanzania , zaire , uganda , w . kenya . see [ maps ]
mycalesis sandace hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 65 ; tl : fernando po
zululand - swaziland , e . transvaal , rhodesia - kenya , uganda . see [ maps ]
moçambique , rhodesia , zambia , zimbabwe - zaire , e . kenya . see [ maps ]
rhodesia , mozambique , malawi , zambia , s . tanzania , s . zaire ( shaba )
e . tanzania ( usambara mts . - iringa ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis albocincta rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 260 , pl . 21 , f . 33 - 34
mycalesis neustetteri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 29 - 32
mycalesis matuta karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 228
mycalesis persimilis joicey & talbot , 1921 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 1 ) : 76 , pl . 13 , f . 38 - 40 ; tl : ruwenzori , western slopes
w . tanzania ( kungwe - mahale mts . ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis ( monotrichtis ) buea strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 109 ; tl : buea ; musake
brunnea ( jackson , 1951 ) ( monotrichtis ) ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 20 : 97
w . kenya , uganda , e . zaire , s . zaire . see [ maps ]
mycalesis abnormis dudgeon , 1909 ; bull . ent . soc . lond . 1909 : lii
mycalesis fernandina schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : fernando po
smithi poensis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 906
mycalesis technatis hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 66 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 67 ; tl : gaboon
e . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , congo republic . see [ maps ]
mycalesis nobilis aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 269 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 2
mycalesis ignobilis butler , 1870 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1870 ( 1 ) : 124 ; tl : gold coast
mycalesis alboplaga rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 27 - 28
mycalesis elionas hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 59 ] , pl . [ 31 ] , f . 41 - 42 ; tl : old calabar
mycalesis dekeyseri condamin , 1958 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 20 : 1348
ghana - cameroun , s . zaire ( shaba ) , uganda . see [ maps ]
mycalesis dubia aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 270 , f . 4
zaire , uganda , rwanda , burundi , w . tanzania , kenya ( montane ) . see [ maps ]
burundi , rwanda , e . zaire ( kivu ) , uganda , nw . tanzania , w . kenya ( mt . elgon )
mycalesis saussurei suffusa riley , 1921 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1921 ( 1 - 2 ) : 240 ; tl : nw . rhodesia , solwezi
rhodesia , moçambique , natal , swaziland - ethiopia , s . somalia , kenya , uganda , e . zaire , comoros , socotra . see [ maps ]
mycalesis anynana var . neglecta thurau , 1903 ; berl . ent . z . 48 : 119 [ dry - season ]
kenya - tanzania , zambia , malawi , mozambique , rhodesia , botswana , s . africa , comoro is .
anynana centralis condamin , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 603
mycalesis safitza ab . semicoeca strand , 1910 ; soc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 6 ; tl : usambara
sw . tanzania ( mpanda ) , zambia , malawi , n . rhodesia . see [ maps ]
n . zambia , s . zaire ( shaba ) , s . tanzania , w . tanzania . see [ maps ]
senegal - ethiopia , w . kenya - mozambique , zimbabwe . see [ maps ]
w . africa , cameroun , c . a . r . , n . zaire , sudan , uganda , ethiopia
mycalesis milyas hewitson , 1864 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis v - vi ) : [ 57 ] , pl . [ 30 ] , f . 34 ; tl : white nile
mycalesis pavonis butler , 1876 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 18 : 481 ; tl : abyssinia
funebris orientalis ( ungemach , 1932 ) ( mycalesis ) ; mém . soc . sci . nat . phys . maroc 32 : 50
guinea , sierra leone - gabon , c . zaire ( kasai ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis uniformis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 470 ; tl : makala - beni
mycalesis hyperanthus bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 469 ; tl : makala ; beni - mawambe
nigeria , cameroun - gabon , congo republic , c . zaire . see [ maps ]
mycalesis sciathis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 62 ] , pl . [ 32 ] , f . 55 - 56 ; tl : old calabar
guinea - nigeria , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis feae aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 516 ; tl : moca , 1400m
mycalesis analis aurivillius , 1895 ; ent . tidskr . 16 : 113 , f . 1 ; tl : camerun , yaunde
mycalesis mildbraedi gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroons
mycalesis kenia var . inocellata gaede , 1915 ; ent . rundsch . 32 : 50 ; tl : kitumu , s . kenya
mycalesis ( monotrichtis ) hintzi strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110 ; tl : musake
mycalesis campides strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110
mycalesis owassae schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : o - wassa , fernando - poo
mycalesis noblemairei janet , 1894 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1894 : cclvi ; tl : french congo , niari
mycalesis langi holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 139 , pl . 10 , f . 10 ( preocc . mycalesis langi de nicéville , 1883 ) ; tl : congo
mycalesis erysichton ehrmann , 1894 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 2 : 77 ; tl : piquinini sess , liberia , west africa
mycalesis eleutheria rebel , 1911 ; ann . mus . wien . 24 : 412 , pl . 14 , f . 7 - 8
mycalesis completa gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroon
mycalesis chapini holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 140 , pl . 7 , f . 9 ; tl : congo
mycalesis benitonis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 147 ; tl : alen
mycalesis bibundensis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 148 ; tl : w . africa , bibundi in kamerun
mycalesis subignobilis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 149 ; tl : spanish guinea , alen
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
verzeichniss einer von dem herren missionären e . laman und w . sjöholm bei mukinbungu am unteren congo zu sammengebrachten schmetterlings sammlung
zoological results of the swedish expedition to central africa 1921 . insecta 12 . lepidoptera 1
results from the danish expedition to the french cameroons ( 1949 - 1950 ) xxvii . - lepidoptera
on lepidoptera recently collected in british east africa by mr . g . f . scott elliot
description d ' une espèce nouvelle de mycalesis ( lep satyridae ) ( mission p . l . dekeyser et b . holas au libéria , 1948 )
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
descriptions of some new species of diurnal lepidoptera , collected by mr . harold cookson , in northern rhodesia , in 1903 and 1904
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
a list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
a list of butterflies taken on the march to coomassie by lieutenant alwin s . bell , of the 2nd west - india regiment , between mansu and the river prah , with description of new species
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
notes on some new or rare rhopalocera from eastern africa . revisional notes and descriptions of some new east african rhopalocera .
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
insekten von baliburg ( deutch - westafrika ) gesammelt von herrn dr . eugen zintgraff
die insecten der berglandschaft adeli im hinterlande von togo ( westafrika ) . 1 . abtheilung : apterygota , odonata , orthoptera saltatoria , lepidoptera rhopalocera
verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera
descriptions of two new species of lepidoptera collected by dr . w . j . ansorge in east africa
a list of the lepidoptera collected by mr . arthur h . neumann , in neumann , a . h . , elephant hungting in east equatorial africa in neumann ,
neue tagfalter - formen aus usambara , gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . j . vosseler
zoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn g . tessmann nach sud - kamerun und spanisch - guinea . lepidoptera
neue rhopaloceren aus ost afrika . ergebnisse der nyassa - see - un kenya - gebirgs - expedition der hermann und elise geb . heckmann - wentzel - stiftung
contribution à l ' étude des lépidoptères d ' abyssinie ( pt . 1 , rhopalocères )
weymer , 1892 exotische lepidopteren vi stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79 - 125
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
lepidoptera and odonata collected by r . c . ( tim ) dening from all around the world throughout a lifetime of travel and natural history interest from 1930 to 2000 . the collection , amounting to more than 70 cases , is now held in the
, in scotland . it features a large number of zambian butterflies and moths .
the names of the butterflies in the cases are listed beneath the pictures , with the country of collection under the name .
the numbers next to the names relate to the collector ' s original hand written notes . the numbers represent species / subspecies , rather than individual specimen numbers . you can access these original species notes by clicking on the underlined names . this will open a pdf document of the relevant page of notes . locate the correct number on the page to access information on dates and places of collection of that particular species .
explanations to help the reader to interpret the collector ' s notes are available here .
click on the icon on the left and follow the links for a free copy .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .