coimbra filho 's titi ( callicebus coimbrai ) or just coimbra 's titi is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , endemic to forests in the brazilian states of bahia and sergipe .

it was first discovered by shuji kobayashi .

it is considered one of the most endangered of all neotropical primates .

it is named after adelmar f. coimbra-filho , founder and former director of the rio de janeiro primate centre , in honor of his work in the field of brazilian primatology and biology .

coimbra filho ' s titi

the coimbra filho’s titi monkey or just coimbra’s titi monkey ( callicebus coimbrai ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . the coimbra filho’s titi monkey is endemic to deciduous woodlands in the brazilian state of sergipe . conservation status – critically endangered .
a primate at risk in northeast brazil : local extinctions of coimbra filho ' s titi ( callicebus coimbrai ) .
a primate at risk in northeast brazil : local extinctions of coimbra filho ' s titi ( callicebus coimbrai ) . - pubmed - ncbi
glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - coimbra - filho ' s titi monkey facts
( online ) . accessed
facts summary : the coimbra - filho ' s titi monkey ( callicebus coimbrai ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group
mammals
and found in the following area ( s ) : brazil .
cheracebus medemi ( hershkovitz , 1963 ) . black - handed titi , medem’s titi
. in : coimbra - filho a , mittermeier ra ( eds ) ecology and behavior of neotropical primates , vol 1 . academia brasileira de ciências , rio de janeiro , pp 241–276
souza - alves , j . p . ( 2013 ) ecology and life - history of coimbra - filho ' s titi monkeys ( callicebus coimbrai ) in the brazilian atlantic forest . phd thesis , universidade federal da paraíba , joão pessoa , paraíba , brazil . ( pdf )
the stephen nash’s titi monkey or nash’s titi monkey ( callicebus stephennashi ) , is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
plecturocebus vieirai ( gualda - barros , nascimento & amaral , 2012 ) . vieira’s titi
. in : coimbra - filho af , mittermeier ra , editors . ecology and behavior of neotropical primates , vol . 1 . rio de janeiro , brazil : academia brasileira de ciências ; 1981 . p . 241–76 .
mittermeier ra , coimbra - filho af , kierulff mcm , rylands ab , mendes sl , pissinatti a , almeida lm ( 2007 ) monkeys of the atlantic forest of eastern brazil : pocket identification guide . conservation international , arlington
cheracebus torquatus ( hoffmannsegg , 1807 ) . collared titi , white - collared titi
the hoffmann’s titi monkey ( callicebus hoffmannsi ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
plecturocebus miltoni ( dalponte , silva & silva - júnior , 2014 ) . milton ' s titi
the hershkovitz’s titi monkey ( callicebus dubius ) , is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , from south america . hershkovitz’s titi monkey is found in bolivia , brazil and peru . conservation status – least concern .
the barbara brown’s titi monkey ( callicebus barbarabrownae ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – critically endangered .
( spix , 1823 ) . msc . thesis , pontifícia universidade católica de minas gerais , puc minas , brasil . souza - alves , j . p . ( 2010 ) ecologia alimentar de um grupo de guigó - de - coimbra - filho (
the atlantic titi or masked titi , callicebus personatus , is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , endemic to brazil .
the prince bernhard’s titi monkey ( callicebus bernhardi ) is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . the prince bernhard’s titi monkey was discovered in 2002 by marc van roosmalen and russell mittermeier and named after prince bernard of the netherlands . conservation status – least concern .
the white - eared titi ' s fluffy tail is longer than the length of its head and body together .
kinzey , w . g . ( 1981 ) .
the titi monkeys , genus callicebus : i . description of the species
. in coimbra - filho , a . f . ; mittermeier , r . a . ecology and behavior of neotropical primates . volume 1 . rio de janeiro : academia brasileira de ciências . pp . 241–276 .
the white - eared titi monkey ( callicebus donacophilus ) , also known as the bolivian titi monkey or bolivian grey titi monkey , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the white - eared titi monkey is found in bolivia , brazil and paraguay . conservation status – least concern .
plecturocebus bernhardi ( m . g . m . van roosmalen , t . van roosmalen & mittermeier , 2002 ) . prince bernhard’s titi
plecturocebus stephennashi ( m . g . m . van roosmalen , t . van roosmalen & mittermeier , 2002 ) . stephen nash’s titi
the ornate titi monkey ( callicebus ornatus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to colombia . conservation status – vulnerable .
the brown titi monkey ( callicebus brunneus ) , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the brown titi monkey is found in brazil and peru . conservation status – least concern .
the atlantic titi monkey ( callicebus personatus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – vulnerable .
the collared titi monkey ( callicebus torquatus ) , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the collared titi monkey if found in brazil and colombia . conservation status – least concern .
the red - bellied titi or dusky titi , callicebus moloch , is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , endemic to brazil . it lives in forests and thickets .
163 : 161 - 163 . heiduck , s . ( 2013 ) costs of foraging in the southern bahian masked titi monkey ( callicebus melanochir ) .
the ollala brothers titi monkey ( callicebus olallae ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to bolivia . conservation status – vulnerable .
the rio beni titi monkey ( callicebus modestus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to bolivia . conservation status – vulnerable .
the rio mayo titi monkey ( callicebus oenanthe ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to peru . conservation status – vulnerable .
the black titi monkey ( callicebus lugens ) , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the black titi monkey is found in brazil , colombia and venezuela . conservation status – least concern .
the lucifer titi monkey ( callicebus lucifer ) , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the lucifer titi monkey is found in brazil , colombia and peru . conservation status – least concern .
the ashy black titi monkey ( callicebus cinerascens ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
the baptista lake titi monkey ( callicebus baptista ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
the rio purus titi monkey ( callicebus purinus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
observation to monitor the monkey ' s population , is less effective . instead , other methods of calculating the titi monkey ' s density in certain areas have been taken , such as research into the species - specific calls endemic to a certain area .
the chestnut - bellied titi monkey ( callicebus caligatus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
the red - bellied titi monkey ( callicebus moloch ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
the black - fronted titi monkey ( callicebus nigrifrons ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – near threatened .
the coastal black - handed titi monkey ( callicebus melanochir ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – vulnerable .
the red - headed titi monkey ( callicebus regulus ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to brazil . conservation status – least concern .
the white - tailed titi monkey ( callicebus discolor ) , is a species of titi monkey , from south america . the white - tailed titi monkey is found in ecuador and peru . conservation status – least concern .
the white - coated titi monkey ( callicebus pallescens ) , is a species of titi monkey from south america . the white - coated titi monkey is found in bolivia , brazil and paraguay . conservation status – least concern .
the colombian black - handed titi monkey ( callicebus medemi ) , is a species of titi monkey endemic to colombia . conservation status – least concern .
jones c , anderson s . callicebus moloch . mamm species . 1978 ; 112 : 1–5 .
ragen , b . j . , s . p . mendoza , w . a . mason , and k . l . bales ( 2012 ) differences in titi monkey (
for many years , researchers believed that geophagy might be have been used by the masked titi ' s as a sodium supplement as their high foliage diets were quite low in sodium .
cheracebus lugens ( humboldt , 1811 ) . widow monkey , white - chested titi
callicebus personatus ( é . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1812 ) . masked titi
plecturocebus urubambensis ( vermeer & tello - alvorado , 2015 ) . urubamba brown titi
bicca - marques jc , heymann ew . ecology and behavior of titi monkeys (
veiga , l . m . , sousa , m . c . , jerusalinsky , l . , ferrari , s . f . , de oliveira , m . m . , santos , s . s . d . , valente , m . c . m . & printes , r . c .
veiga , l . m . , sousa , m . c . , jerusalinsky , l . , ferrari , s . f . , de oliveira , m . m . , santos , s . s . d . , valente , m . c . m . & printes , r . c . 2008 .
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masked titis occasionally feed with geoffroy’s tufted - eared marmosets ( callithrix geoffroyi ) ( rowe , 1996 ) .
] morphological species groups . below , we review changes to the taxonomy of the titis since hershkovitz’s reviews [
, the canines of titi monkeys are relatively short and their molars are fairly simple .
bolivian titi monkeys may play a part in drawing tourists to forested areas of bolivia .
vermeer j , tello - alvarado jc . the distribution and taxonomy of titi monkeys (
the coppery titi monkey ( callicebus cupreus ) , is a species of titi , a type of new world monkey , from south america . the coppery titi monkey is found in bolivia , brazil and colombia , ecuador and peru . conservation status – least concern .
von spix jb . simiarum et vespertiliarum brasiliensis species novae . f . s . hübschmann : munich ; 1823 .
2005 . belo horizonte : puc minas , p . 255 - 268 . sousa , m . c . , s . s . sampaio and m . c . m . valente ( 2008 ) distribuição e variação na pelagem de
bolivian titi monkeys inhabit riparian zones and gallery forests near swampy grasslands and other open areas .
because they are frugivores , bolivian titi monkeys may play a small role in seed dispersal .
the titi monkey is a fairly inconspicuous creature , making observation and research difficult to obtain .
] listed 22–34 titi monkeys , of which 22 are considered valid taxa today . hershkovitz [
titi monkeys , the donacophilus group of plecturocebus . illustrations by stephen d . nash ©conservation international
titi monkeys , the moloch group of plecturocebus . illustrations by stephen d . nash ©conservation international
heiduck , s . ( 1997 ) . food choice in masked titi monkeys ( callicebus personatus melanochir ) : selectivity or opportunism ? the international journal of primatology , 18 ( 4 ) , 487 - 502 .
fernandez - duque , e . , w . a . mason , and s . p . mendoza ( 1997 ) effects of duration of separation on responses to mates and strangers in the monogamous titi monkey (
ferrari , s . , s . iwanga , m . messias , e . ramos , p . ramos , e . da cruz neto , p . coutinho . 2000 . titi monkeys ( callicebus spp . , atelidae : platyrrhini ) in the brazilian state of rondônia . primates , 41 ( 2 ) : 229 - 234 .
martínez , j . and r . b . wallace ( 2011 ) first observations of terrestrial travel for olalla ' s titi monkey ( callicebus olallae ) . neotropical primates 18 : 49 - 52 . ( pdf )
in captivity , the white - eared titi has been known to live for over 25 years .
and regarded it as the most primitive titi monkey species . because of this , he created the
dalponte jc , silva fe , silva - júnior js . new species of titi monkey , genus
heiduck , s . ( 2002 ) . the use of disturbed and undisturbed forest by masked titi monkeys callicebus personatus melanochir is proportional to food availability . oryx , the international journal of conservation , 36 , 133 - 139 .
titi monkeys sleep on branches at least 15 metres ( 49 ft ) above the ground . in the same manner as resting during the day , titi monkeys huddle together and twine tails to sleep .
eiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari , and m . a .
please visit the iucn and all the world ' s primates sites for the most - recent version of species - specific assessments .
plecturocebus discolor ( i . geoffroy saint - hilaire & deville , 1848 ) . red - crowned titi
callicebus personatus barbarabrownae hershkovitz , p . 1990 . fieldiana , zool . , n . s . , ( 55 ) : 77 .
the white - eared titi is found in tropical humid forests , preferring drier regions to more humid ones .
van roosmalen mgm , van roosmalen t , mittermeier ra . a taxonomic review of the titi monkeys , genus
myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed february 16 , 2011 at urltoken . urltoken
mason , w . a . ; mendoza , s . p . ( 1993 ) .
contrasting life modes in cebidae : titi monkeys ( callicebus ) and squirrel monkeys ( saimiri )
. aazpa regional conference proceedings . pp . 715–722 .
callicebus coimbrai kobayashi , s . & langguth , a . 1999 . revta . bras . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 534 .
the different titi monkey species vary substantially in size and colouring but resemble each other in most other physical ways .
diurnal and arboreal , titi monkeys prefer dense forests near water . titi monkeys easily jump from branch to branch , earning them their german name , ‘jumping monkey’ . they sleep at night , but also take a midday nap .
wallace rb , gómez h , felton a , felton am . on a new species of titi monkey , genus
souza - alves , j . p . and s . f . ferrari ( 2010 ) responses of wild titi monkeys , callicebus coimbrai ( primates : platyrrhini : pitheciidae ) , to the habituation process . zoologia 27 : 861 - 866 . ( pdf )
arroyo - rodríguez v , mandujano s ( 2009 ) conceptualization and measurement of habitat fragmentation from the primates’ perspective . int j primatol 30 : 497–514
ferrari , s . ; iwanga , s . ; messias , m . ; ramos , e . ; ramos , p . ; da cruz neto , e . ; coutinho , p . ( 2000 ) .
titi monkeys ( callicebus spp . , atelidae : platyrrhini ) in the brazilian state of rondônia
. primates 41 ( 2 ) : 229–234 . doi : 10 . 1007 / bf02557805 .
. however , some of these larger species often chase titi monkeys away from fruit trees and other sources of food . because titi monkeys prefer to remain isolated within their social group , they attempt to avoid contact with other primates .
valeggia , c . , s . mendoza , e . fernandez - duque , w . mason , b . lasley . 1999 . reproductive biology of female titi monkeys ( callicebus moloch ) in captivity . american journal of primatology , 47 : 183 - 195 .
49 : 146 - 148 . cäsar , c . , e . s . franco , g . c . n . soares and r . j . young ( 2008 ) observed case of maternal infanticide in a wild group of black - fronted titi monkeys ,
titi monkeys are known to be monogamous and live in small family groups . in the first long - term study of
plecturocebus aureipalatii ( wallace , gómez , a . m . felton & a . felton , 2006 ) . madidi titi
: a new and critically endangered titi monkey from southern caquetá . colombia primate conserv . 2010 ; 25 : 1–9 .
. this view of titi monkey diversity prevailed until hershkovitz’s revisions in 1988 and 1990 . his analysis of around 1 , 200 museum specimens resulted in the recognition of 25 taxa across five polytypic and eight monotypic species , which he arranged in four clusters that he labelled the
; the male ' s head and body length averages 311 millimetres ( 12 . 2 in ) while females average 340 millimetres ( 13 in ) .
titi monkeys vocalise synchronously early in the morning , probably to announce their presence in their territory . their grooming and communication is important for the co - operation of the group . titi monkeys can typically be seen in pairs sitting or sleeping .
parthasarathy n , muthuramkumar s , reddy ms ( 2004 ) patterns of liana diversity in tropical evergreen forests of peninsular india . forest ecol manag 190 : 15–31
( hoffmannsegg , 1807 ) , as the type species . as pointed out by groves himself ( in litt . ) , goodman et al . ’s [
department of biology , universidade federal de sergipe , av . marechal rondon s / n–rosa elze 49 , são cristóvão - se , brazil . ferrari @ urltoken
souza - alves , j . p . , i . p . fontes , and s . f . ferrari ( 2011 ) use of sleeping sites by a titi group ( callicebus coimbrai ) in the brazilian atlantic forest . primates 52 : 155 - 161 . ( pdf )
kobayashi and langguth 1999 : new localities for an endangered titi monkey in eastern sergipe , brazil . check list 9 : 696–699
forest corridors to connect fragmented forests have been proposed as an effective means to help ensure the survival of the titi monkey .
veiga , l . m . , ferrari , s . f . , kierulff , c . m . , de oliveira , m . m . & mendes , s . l . ( 2008 ) . callicebus personatus . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 3 january 2009 .
farmland may surround and isolate areas of titi habitat which occasionally has positive benefits to the monkey . farmers may prevent hunters on the land , thereby inadvertently protecting the species . it also appears that the titi monkey can cross open ground between forest fragments ,
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
lawler , r . r . ; ford , s . m . ; wright , p . c . ; easley , s . p . ( 2006 ) .
the locomotor behavior of callicebus brunneus and callicebus torquatus
. folia primatologica 77 ( 3 ) : 228–239 . doi : 10 . 1159 / 000091232 .
moynihan , m . 1966 . communication in the titi monkey , callicebus . journal of zoology , 150 : 77 - 127 .
, from all other titi monkeys . he described the diagnostic characters as follows : “average size larger than that of other species except
heymann ew , encarnación cf , soini p . on the diagnostic characters and geographic distribution of the “yellow - handed” titi monkey ,
reeder , d . m . , s . p . mendoza and w . a . mason ( 1998 ) social behavior and sexual motivation across the reproductive cycle in titi monkeys ( callicebus moloch ) : concealment or communication of ovulation ? american jour nal of primatology 45 : 202 - 203 .
kobayashi & langguth , 1999 ) : perspectivas para a conservação da espécie na paisagem fragmentada do sul de sergipe , master’s thesis . universidade federal de sergipe , são cristóvão
] . there is , as such , a lack of clarity regarding its diagnostic characteristics , its distribution , and even its validity as a taxon . humboldt’s anecdote about
food availability may influence activity times ; if there is an abundance of food in the warmer months when plants are fruiting titi monkeys may start earlier , or if there is a lack of food , titi monkeys may remain at the feeding tree into the evening .
47 : 235 - 240 . mercado , n . and r . b . wallace ( 2010 ) distribución de primates en bolivia y áreas prioritarias para su conservación . tropical conservation science 3 : 200 - 217 . ( pdf ) monçâo , g . r . , v . selhorst and j . a . r soares - filho ( 2008 ) expansão da dstribuição geográfica de
alvarez , s . j . and e . w . heymann ( 2012 ) a preliminary study on the influence of physical fruit traits on fruit handling and seed fate by white - handed titi monkeys ( callicebus lugens ) . american journal of physical anthropology 147 : 482 - 488 . ( pdf )
and few studies have focused on the white - eared titi . it is diurnal , commencing activity around sunrise and continuing until sunset .
valeggia , c . r . , s . p . menoza , e . fernandez - duque , w . a . mason and b . lasley ( 1999 ) reproductive biology of female titi monkeys ( callicebus moloch ) in captivity . american journal of primatology 47 : 183 - 195 . ( pdf )
hilário rr 1 , 2 , 3 , jerusalinsky l 4 , 5 , santos s 6 , beltrão - mendes r 4 , 7 , ferrari sf 7 , 8 .
felton a , felton am , wallace rb , gómez h . identification , behavioral observations , and notes on the distribution of the titi monkeys
guindon s , gascuel o . a simple , fast , and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood . syst biol . 2003 ; 52 ( 5 ) : 696–704 .
chen , e . c . , s . yagi , k . r . kelly , s . p . mendoza , n . maniger , a . rosenthal , a . spinner , k . l . bales , d . p . schnurr , n . w . lerche , and c . y . chiu ( 2011 ) cross - species transmission of a novel adenovirus associated with a fulminant pneumonia outbreak in a titi monkey colony . plos pathogens 7 : e1002155 . dacier , a . , a . g . de luna , e . fernandez - duque and a . di fiore ( 2011 ) . estimating population density of amazonian titi monkeys (
species included in this study are represented by multiple wild - caught specimens of known provenance and taxonomic identification . taking into account the results from our phylogenetic analyses , as well as morphological and biogeographic evidence , we suggest a revised taxonomy that recognises three genera of titi monkey in the subfamily callicebinae that are largely coherent with kobayashi’s [
species and , consequently , the evolutionary history of titi monkeys remains poorly studied . the current taxonomy has yet to be tested using molecular evidence .
marques , e . l . n . , r . beltrão - mendes , and s . f . ferrari ( 2013 ) primates , pitheciidae , callicebus barbarabrownae hershkovitz , 1990 : new localities for the critically endangered titi monkey in the são francisco basin , state of sergipe , brazil . check list 9 : 113 - 115 .
ragen , b . j . , n . maninger , s . p . mendoza , m . r . jarcho , and k . l . bales ( 2013 ) presence of a pair - mate regulates the behavioral and physiological effects of opioid manipulation in the monogamous titi monkey ( callicebus cupreus ) . psychoneuroendocrinology 38 : 2448 - 2461 .
spix , 1823 na rppn do santuário do caraça . in : w . lobato , c . v . s . sabino and j . f . de abreu . ( orgs . ) .
pelzeln a von . brasilische säugethiere : resultate von johann natterer’s reisen in den jahren 1817 bis 1835 . verhandlungen 33 . vienna , austria : kaiserlich - königlichen zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft ; 1883 .
mendoza , s . , d . reeder , w . mason . 2002 . nature of proximate mechanisms underlying primate social systems : simplicity and redundancy . evolutionary anthropology , 11 : 112 - 116 .
mendoza , s . , w . mason . 1986 . contrasting responses to intruders and to involuntary separation by monogamous and polygynous new world monkeys . physiology and behavior , 38 : 795 - 801 .
although populations are declining , bolivian titi monkeys are listed by the iucn as a species of least concern . they have a relatively wide range and a slowly declining population . bolivian titi monkeys have proven fairly adaptable , and they have a low number of natural predators . their main threat is attributed to habitat loss due to agriculture . bolivian titi monkeys are one of three primate species that survive within and around the borders of cities and rural human establishments in this region .
the white - eared titi ' s main threat is deforestation and habitat loss due to agriculture . the area of greatest habitat loss is around the city of santa cruz de la sierra , but it still survives within the city limits and on the edges of many rural establishments . it has few natural predators and is proven to be adaptable to habitat disturbance .
veiga , l . m . & ferrari , s . f . ( 2008 ) . callicebus moloch . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 3 january 2009 .
the titi monkey prefers branches which are less than 5 centimetres ( 2 . 0 in ) in diameter and its tail never touches the support it is on .
freeman , s . m . , h . walum , k . inoue , a . l . smith , m . m . goodman , k . l . bales , and l . j . young ( 2014 ) neuroanatomical distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in the socially monogamous coppery titi monkey ( callicebus cupreus ) . neuroscience 273 : 12 - 23 .
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type locality : campamento roco roco , río hondo , madid national park and natural area of integrated management , la paz department , bolivia ( 14°37 ' 30
s , 67°43 ' 06
w ) .
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robinson , j . 1979 . vocal regulation of use of space by groups of titi monkeys callicebus moloch . behavioral ecology and sociobiology , 5 : 1 - 15 .
wallace , r . b . , h . gomez , a . felton , and a . felton ( 2006 ) on a new species of titi monkey , genus
in captivity , bolivian titi monkeys breed throughout the year . in the wild , a breeding season is predicted , perhaps in the spring preceding the rainy season in bolivia . in captivity , female titi monkeys give birth approximately one year after finding a mate . after a gestation period of about 18 weeks , females give birth to a single offspring , though twins are uncommon . although female bolivian titi monkeys reach sexual maturity at 2 years of age , the mean age of first birth is 4 years .
em resposta à introdução de indivíduos para formação de novos grupos em cativeiro . in : w . lobato , c . v . s . sabino & j . f . de abreu . ( orgs . ) .
menescal l . a . , e . c . goncalves , a . silva , s . f . ferrari and m . p . c . schneider ( 2009 ) genetic diversity of red - bellied titis (
ward rd , zemlak ts , innes bh , last pr , hebert pdn . dna barcoding australia ' s fish species . proc r soc lond b biol sci . 2005 ; 360 ( 1462 ) : 1847–57 .
kinzey , w . g . ( 1983 ) . activity pattern of the masked titi monkey , callicebus personatus . primates , 24 ( 3 ) , 337 - 343 .
it has been classified as vulnerable but due to major habitat loss and restricted living space , it is better classified as critically endangered . in october 2012 , it was included in the world ' s 25 most endangered primates list . an increase in deforestation is leading to the decrease in available living space for the titi monkey , forcing it to live in sympatry with another species of callicebus .
the oldest bolivian titi in captivity reached 24 . 8 years of age . little information is available regarding the lifespan of this species in the wild . other members of the genus
titi monkeys will also eat small insects ( ants , moths , butterflies , and their cocoons ) , spiders , and can catch flying prey if it comes close to them .
oates jf , whitesides gh , davies ag , waterman pg , green sm , dasilva gl , mole s ( 1990 ) determinants of variation in tropical forest primate biomass : new evidence from west africa . ecology 71 : 328–343
jarcho , m . r . , w . a . mason , s . p . mendoza and k . l . bales ( 2009 ) hormonal and experiential predictors of infant survivorship and maternal behavior in a monogamous primate (
the titi monkey usually rests during the middle of the day and has two main feeding periods , in the morning and in the afternoon . it has an increased period of feeding towards the end of the day . in total , the titi monkey is active for an average of 11 . 5 hours , 2 . 7 hours of which is spent feeding .
male bolivian titi monkeys play a dominant role in the care of their young . although females nurse their offspring , males are the principal carriers and protectors of their young . during the first week of life , mother bolivian titi monkeys carry their infants only 20 % of the time , and after the first month , maternal contact is scarce . infants experience more stress and elevated heart rates when separated from their father than from their mother , with few exceptions . bollivian titi monkeys experience a stronger bond with their mate than with their offspring .
plecturocebus miltoni dalponte , j . c . , silva , f . e . & silva - júnior , j . de s . 2014 . pap . avuls . zool . , são paulo 54 ( 32 ) : 462 .
yet in some areas , such drastic deforestation has resulted in extremely high population density . the titi monkey is better adapted to moderately populated areas , thus overpopulation negatively impacts the species .
type locality : yahuas , n . of loreto , about 2°40 ' s , 70°30 ' w , alt . 500 ft . ( thomas , 1914 ) . yahuas territory , near pebas , loreto , peru , about 125 m [
muller , k . h . ( 1997 ) . geophagy in masked titi monkeys ( callicebus personatus melanochir ) in sbrazil . primates
, 38 ( 1 ) , 69 - 77 .
fernandez - duque , c . valeggia , and w . a . mason ( 2000 ) effects of pair - bond and social context on male - female interactions in captive titi monkeys (
marques , e . l . n . , l . jerusalinsky , j . c . a . g . rocha , p . m . santos , r . beltrão - mendes , and s . f . ferrari ( 2013 ) primates , pitheciidae , callicebus coimbrai kobayashi and langguth , 1999 : new localities for an endangered titi monkey in eastern sergipe , brazil . check list 9 : 696 - 699 . ( pdf )
titi monkeys are found in wet or inundated forests , especially in dense underbrush , and in gallery forests . they live in south america , from colombia to brazil , peru and north paraguay .
they have one offspring per year . it is difficult to distinguish between the sexes externally , however atlantic titi family dynamics indicate that the father carries the infant at all times during the nursing .
robinson , j . g . ( 1977 ) .
vocal regulation of spacing in the titi monkey ( callicebus moloch )
. phd dissertation . university of north carolina - chapel hill .
robinson , j . g . ( 1979 ) .
an analysis of the organization of vocal communication in the titi monkey callicebus moloch
. zeitschrift fur tierzuchtung und zuchtungsbiologie 49 : 381–405 .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
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type locality : peru : near the colonia penal del sepa , on the southern bank of the río sepa , a western tributary of the río urubamba ( 10°48 ' 50
s , 73°17 ' 80
w ) . altitude 280 m .
type locality : rio tahuamanu , northeast peru [ sic ] near bolivian boundary . about 12°20 ' s , 68°45 ' w . the rio tahuamanu and the bolivian border are in fact in southeast peru , not northeast ; evidently a lapsus calami .
alfaro me , zoller s , lutzoni f . bayes or bootstrap ? a simulation study comparing the performance of bayesian markov chain monte carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence . mol biol evol . 2003 ; 20 ( 2 ) : 255–66 .
mittermeier ra , rylands ab , schwitzer c , taylor la , chiozza f , williamson ea ( 2012 ) primates in peril : the world’s 25 most endangered primates 2010–2012 . iucn / ssc primate specialist group , international primatological society , conservation international , arlington
anzenberger , g . , s . mendoza , w . mason . 1986 . comparative studies of social behavior in callicebus and saimiri : behavioral and physiological responses of established pairs to unfamiliar pairs . american journal of primatology , 11 : 37 - 51 .
titi monkeys also use physical communication , including grooming and tail entwining . male and female mates show a strong preference for grooming and entwining with each other rather than with other members of their group .
müller , a . , g . anzenberger . 2002 . duetting in the titi monkey callicebus cupreus : structure , pair specificity and development of duets . folia primatologica , 73 : 1 - 12 .
gron , k . 2007 .
primate factsheets : dusky titi ( callicebus moloch ) taxonomy , morphology , & ecology
( on - line ) . accessed april 18 , 2011 at urltoken .
lawrence , j . m . ( 2007 ) .
understanding the pair bond in brown titi monkeys ( callicebus brunneus ) : male and female reproductive interests
. phd dissertation . columbia university .
terrones ruíz , w . i . , d . m . vea diaz , c . flores amasifuén and e . w . heymann ( 2004 ) diurnal birth of a wild red titi monkey ,
the red - bellied titi has an average head and body length of 333 mm ( 13 . 1 in ) for males and 331 mm ( 13 . 0 in ) for females , showing no
titi monkeys are well known for their vocal communication , and have a complex repertoire of calls . the calls can be divided into two categories : high - pitched quiet calls and low - pitched loud calls .
veiga , l . , r . wallace , s . ferrari . 2008 .
callicebus donacophilus
( on - line ) . in : iucn 2010 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2010 . 4 . accessed april 25 , 2011 at urltoken .
hershkovitz , p . origin , speciation , and distribution of south american titi monkeys , genus callicebus ( family cebidae , platyrrhini ) . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 140 ( 1 ) .
bossuyt , f . ( 2002 ) .
natal dispersal of titi monkeys ( callicebus moloch ) at cocha cashu , manu national park , peru
34 . american journal of physical anthropology . p . 47 .
horvath je , weisrock dw , embry sl , fiorentino i , balhoff jp , kappeler p , et al . development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit : resolving the evolutionary history of madagascar ' s lemurs . genome res . 2008 ; 18 ( 3 ) : 489–99 .
] . as with the tamarins and capuchins , this new classification will undoubtedly make for a taxonomy that reflects more clearly titi monkey evolutionary history . the lack of available genetic data for many of the species , however , limits our ability to make novel taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences about these taxa . it is evident that questions remain regarding the species - level taxonomy of the callicebinae , and thus phylogenetic hypotheses will be modified with the availability of sequence data for remaining titi species . taken together , our work illustrates the value of a molecular phylogenetic approach to taxonomic classification and here provides a basis for future studies on the evolutionary history and taxonomy of titi monkeys
titi monkeys are territorial monkeys . they live in family groups which consist of parents and their offspring , about 3 to 7 other members . they defend their territory by shouting and chasing off intruders . both male and female
cäsar , c . , k . zuberbühler , r . j . young , and r . w . byrne ( 2013 ) titi monkey call sequences vary with predator location and type . biology letters 9 : 20130535 .
type locality : rio renato , tributary of rio teles pires ( right bank ) , nearby the city of cláudia , state of mato grosso brazil ( 11°33 ' 00 . 15
s , 55°10 ' 59 . 98
w ) ; c . 370 m above sea level .
ronquist f , teslenko m , van der mark p , ayres dl , darling a , höhna s , et al . mrbayes 3 . 2 : efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space . syst biol . 2012 ; 61 ( 3 ) : 539–42 .
robinson , j . g . ( 1979 ) .
vocal regulation of use of space by groups of titi monkeys callicebus moloch
. behavioral ecology and sociobiology 5 : 1–15 . doi : 10 . 1007 / bf00302691 .
martínez , j . and r . b . wallace ( 2007 ) further notes on the distribution of the bolivian endemic titi monkeys , callicebus modestus and callicebus olallae . neotropical primates 14 : 47 - 54 . ( pdf )
21 : 25 - 32 . laugero , k . d . , j . t . smilowitz , j . b . german , m . r . jarcho , s . p . mendoza , and k . l . bales ( 2011 ) plasma omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and monounsaturated fatty acids are altered by chronic social stress and predict endocrine responses to acute stress in titi monkeys . prostaglandins , leukotrienes , and essential fatty acids 84 : 71 - 78 . lópez - str auss , h . and r . b . wallace ( 2013 ) density estimates of two bolivian primate endemics , callicebus olallae and c . modestu s . mastozoologia neo tropical . in press . marcolino , c . p . , r . j . young and c . cäsar ( 2006 ) avaliação comportamental de
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 196 - 207
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 295 - 302
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 215 - 224
) . american journal primatology 74 : 462 - 470 . jerusalinsky , l . , m . m . oliveira , r . f . pereira , v . santana , p . c . bastos and s . f . ferrari . ( 2006 ) preliminary evaluation of the conservation status of
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 225 - 231
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 43 - 49
fernandez - duque , e . ; mason , w . a . ; mendoza , s . p . ( 1997 ) .
effects of duration of separation on responses to mates and strangers in the monogamous titi monkey ( callicebus moloch )
. american journal of primatology 43 ( 3 ) : 225–237 . doi : 10 . 1002 / ( sici ) 1098 - 2345 ( 1997 ) 43 : 3 < 225 : : aid - ajp3 > 3 . 0 . co ; 2 - z . pmid 9359966 .
moynihan , m . ( 1966 ) .
communication in the titi monkey , callicebus
. journal of zoology 150 : 77–127 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1469 - 7998 . 1966 . tb02999 . x .
defler , t . r . , m . l . bueno and j . garcía ( 2010 ) callicebus caquetensis : a new and critically endangered titi monkey from southern caquetá , colombia . primate conservation 25 : 1 - 9 .
deluycker , a . m . ( 2010 ) observations of a daytime birth in the wild of a titi monkey ( callicebus oenanthe ) and subsequent male parental care . xxiii congress of the international primatological society , kyoto , japan .
] . after purification , pcr products were sequenced directly in two reactions with forward and reverse primers . sequencing reactions were carried out using the bigdye terminator v3 . 1 cycle sequencing kit ( life technologies ) . for 10 μl sequencing reactions we used 0 . 5 μl of bigdye ; 1 . 5 μl of 5x sequencing buffer ; 1 . 0 μl of each primer ( 0 . 8 μm ) ; and 2 μl of pcr product . sequencing reactions were performed as follows : 96 °c for 2 min ; followed by 35 cycles of 96 °c for 15 s , 50 °c for 15 s , 60 °c for 2 . 5 min . the sequencing products were analysed using an abi 3500xl ( life technologies ) automatic sequencer following the manufacturer’s instructions . consensus sequences for each individual were generated from sequences in forward and reverse directions using geneious r7 . 1 ( biomatters ) .
raboy be , neves lg , zeigler s , saraiva na , cardoso n , santos gr , ballou jd , leimgruber p ( 2010 ) strength of habitat and landscape metrics in predicting golden - headed lion tamarin presence or absence in forest patches in southern bahia , brazil . biotropica 42 : 388–397
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 208 - 214 .
type locality : proximity of the small village of aragão , in the region of santana dos frades about 11 . 0 km sw of pacatuba , south of the estuary of the rio são francisco , state of sergipe , brazil . 10°32 ' s , 36°41 ' w , altitude 90 m .
type locality : west bank of the lower rio aripuanã , at the edge of the settlement of nova olinda , 41 km southwest of the town of novo aripuanã , amazonas state , brazil . 05°30 ' 63
s , 60°24 ' 61
w , altitude 45 m above sea level .
) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided you give appropriate credit to the original author ( s ) and the source , provide a link to the creative commons license , and indicate if changes were made . the creative commons public domain dedication waiver (
in : veiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) . evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris . cambridge university press : cambridge , uk , pp . 232 - 239 .
type locality : curva do cotovelo ( 08°59 ' 45 . 21
s , 60°43 ' 42 . 72
w ) , region of the mouth of the pombal stream , reserva extrativista guariba - roosevelt , right bank of the upper roosevelt river , municipality of colniza , mato grosso , brazil .
extends far south of the amazon basin and they have the most disjunct set of species distributions of the titi monkey clades . they occupy forest patches and gallery forests in the savannah floodplains of bolivia , paraguay and brazil , with the range of
mendoza , s . p . ; reeder , d . m . ; mason , w . a . ( 2002 ) .
nature of proximate mechanisms underlying primate social systems : simplicity and redundancy
. evolutionary anthropology 11 ( 1 ) : 112–116 . doi : 10 . 1002 / evan . 10071 .
the titi monkeys fur is long and soft and it is usually reddish , brownish or black and with a lighter underside . some species have a bright collar or black stripes at the head . their tail is always furry and is not prehensile .
regardless of the presence of humans in brazilian forests , titi monkeys customarily venture to dwell in
disturbed
forests ( forests that have been cut down or invaded by humans ) as long as the food availability is higher than in undisturbed forests .
bicca - marques , j . c . , p . a . garber and m . a . o . azevedo lopes ( 2002 ) evidence of three resident adult male group members in a species of monogamous primate , the red titi monkey (
deluycker , a . m . ( 2006 ) preliminary report and conservation status of the río mayo titi monkey , callicebus oenanthe ( thomas , 1924 ) , in the alto mayo valley , northeastern peru . primate conservation 21 : 33 - 39 .
proyecto mono tocn , started in 2007 as an initiative of le conservatoire pour la protection des primates , french foundation created by the park primates la valle des singes . the main objective of this project is the conservation of san martin titi monkey (
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
jarcho , m . r . , s . p . mendoza , w . a . mason , x . yang , and k . l . bales ( 2011 ) intranasal vasopressin affects pair - bonding and peripheral gene expression in male callicebus cupreus . genes , brain , and behavior 10 : 375 - 383 .
bolivian titi monkeys are primarily frugivorous , and it is estimated that their diet consists of over 70 % fruit . they also eat leaves , seeds , and insects . much of the day is spent resting in order to digest their mostly herbivorous diet .
aldrich ( 2006 ) undertook a song - based survey of a population at tarangue ( a 74 ha private reserve near moyobamba ) and estimated a population density of 1 . 4 individuals per ha . group sizes were unusually large for titi monkeys , with 20 % of groups containing six to eight individuals . rowe and martinez ( 2003 ) carried out a four - day survey , and although they did not observe the species in the wild , they heard several groups of titi monkeys ( presumed to be
clades . however , most specimens were of captive origin and rather few titi species were included in these studies , limiting their usefulness in inferring species - level relationships . to date , there has been no explicit molecular investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of the
mendoza , s . p . ; mason , w . a . ( 1986 ) .
contrasting responses to intruders and to involuntary separation by monogamous and polygynous new world monkeys
. physiological behavior 38 ( 6 ) : 795–801 . doi : 10 . 1016 / 0031 - 9384 ( 86 ) 90045 - 4 .
the chest and belly of bolivian titi monkeys is completely orange to brown - orange while the dorsal side and extremities range from grey to orange agouti in color . the tail may include black or grey coloring , and they have white tufts on their ears .
ferrari , s . f . , e . m . santos junior , e . b . freitas , i . p . fontes , j . p . souza - alves , l . jerusalinksy , r . beltrão - mendes , r . r . d . chagas , r . r . hilário , and s . a . a . baião ( 2013 ) living on the edge : habitat fragmentation at the interface of the semiarid zone in the brazilian northeast . in : marsh , l . k . and c . a . chapman , primates in fragments : complexity and resilience , springer : new york , pp . 121 - 135 .
2009 ) . while titis monkeys may not be a particularly lucrative source of protein , hunting pressure is likely to increase as preferred game become scarce and fragmentation facilitates access . these titi monkeys are popular as pets ( mark 2003 , deluycker 2006 , bveda - penalba
ferrari sf , iwanaga s , ravetta al , freitas fc , sousa bar , souza ll , costa cg , coutinho peg ( 2003 ) dynamics of primate communities along the santarem–cuiaba highway in south - central brazilian amazonia . in : marsh l ( ed ) primates in fragments : ecology and conservation . springer , new york , pp 123–144
( 2013 ) country - by - country conservation fact sheet : bolivia . in : v eiga , l . m . , a . a . barnett , s . f . ferrari , and m . a . norconk ( eds . ) evolutionary biology and conservation of titis , sakis and uacaris . cambridge : cambridge university press .
deluycker , a . m . ( 2007 ) activity pattern and habitat use of the río mayo titi monkey ( callicebus oenanthe ) in a premontane forest in the alto mayo , northern peru . american journal of physical anthropology 132 ( suppl 44 ) : 96 - 97 .
felton , a . , a . m . felton , r . b . wallace , and h . gomez ( 2006 ) identification , distribution and behavioural observations of the titi monkeys callicebus modestus lönnberg 1939 , and callicebus olallae lönnberg 1939 . primate conservation 20 : 41 - 46 ( pdf ) fernandez - duque , e . , a . di fiore , and a . g . de luna ( 2013 ) pair - mate relationships and parenting in equatorial saki monkeys ( pithecia aequatorialis ) and red titi monkeys ( callicebus discolor ) of ecuador .
titi monkeys , callicebus , comprise the most species - rich primate genus—34 species are currently recognised , five of them described since 2005 . the lack of molecular data for titi monkeys has meant that little is known of their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times . to clarify their evolutionary history , we assembled a large molecular dataset by sequencing 20 nuclear and two mitochondrial loci for 15 species , including representatives from all recognised species groups . phylogenetic relationships were inferred using concatenated maximum likelihood and bayesian analyses , allowing us to evaluate the current taxonomic hypothesis for the genus .
anzenberger , g . ; mendoza , s . p . ; mason , w . a . ( 1986 ) .
comparative studies of social behavior in callicebus and saimiri : behavioral and physiological responses of established pairs to unfamiliar pairs
. american journal of primatology 11 ( 1 ) : 37–51 . doi : 10 . 1002 / ajp . 1350110105 .
aldrich , b . c . , l . molleson and k . a . i . nekaris ( 2009 ) vocalizations as a conservation tool : an auditory survey of the andean titi monkey callicebus oenanthe thomas , 1924 ( mammalia : primates : pitheciidae ) at tarangue , northern peru .
it can move quite fast if necessary but rarely does so and generally stays within a fairly small area , feeding on fruit , insects , spiders , small birds , and bird ' s eggs . it is diurnal and moves in pairs or family groups , which communicate by means of a wide repertoire of sounds . the female gives birth to a single offspring .
kinzey , w . g . ( 1978 ) .
feeding behaviour and molar features in two species of titi monkey
. in chivers , d . j . ; herbert , j . recent advances in primatology . 1 : behaviour . london : academic press . pp . 373–385 .
il s ' agit en 3 minutes de trouver le plus grand nombre de mots possibles de trois lettres et plus dans une grille de 16 lettres . il est aussi possible de jouer avec la grille de 25 cases . les lettres doivent être adjacentes et les mots les plus longs sont les meilleurs . participer au concours et enregistrer votre nom dans la liste de meilleurs joueurs ! jouer


only three specimens have ever been collected .

its biology is poorly known , but the larvae are assumed to feed as scavengers in the nests of ants .

ceriomicrodon

ceriomicrodon is a genus of hoverflies . the only one known species , ceriomicrodon petiolatus , lives in mato grosso , brazil .
ceriomicrodon petiolatus hull , 1937 ( diptera , syrphidae , microdontinae ) : redescription and new records .
miranda gf . ceriomicrodon petiolatus hull , 1937 ( diptera , syrphidae , microdontinae ) : redescription and new records . zootaxa . 2014 ; 3846 : 584 - 90
miranda gf . ceriomicrodon petiolatus hull , 1937 ( diptera , syrphidae , microdontinae ) : redescription and new records . zootaxa 2014 ; 3846 ( 4 ) : 584 - 90 urltoken accessed july 9 , 2018 .
miranda gf :
ceriomicrodon petiolatus hull , 1937 ( diptera , syrphidae , microdontinae ) : redescription and new records .
zootaxa , vol . 3846 , no . 4 , 2014 , pp . 584 - 90 , urltoken accessed july 9 , 2018 .
miranda gf . ( 2014 ) . ceriomicrodon petiolatus hull , 1937 ( diptera , syrphidae , microdontinae ) : redescription and new records . zootaxa , 3846 , pp . 584 - 90 . doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 3846 . 4 . 7
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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cheng , x . y . & thompson , f . c . ( 2008 ) a generic conspectus of the microdontinae ( diptera : syrphidae ) with the description of two new genera from africa and china . zootaxa , 1879 , 21–48 .
cumming , j . m . & wood , d . m . ( 2009 ) adult morphology and terminology . in : brown , b . v . , borkent , a . , cumming , j . m . , wood , d . m . , woodley , n . e . & zumbado , m . a . ( eds . ) , manual of central american diptera . vol . 1 . nrc research press , ottawa , canada , pp . 9–50 .
fluke , c . l . ( 1957 ) catalogue of the family syrphidae in the neotropical region ( diptera ) . revista brasileira de entomologia , 7 , 1–181 .
giglio - tós , e . ( 1891 ) diagnosi di quarto nuovi generi di ditteri . bollettino dei musei di zoologia ed anatomia comparata , 6 , 1–7 .
hull , f . m . ( 1937 ) new species of exotic syrphid flies . psyche , 44 , 12–32 . urltoken
hull , f . m . ( 1949 ) the morphology and inter - relationship of the genera of syrphid flies , recent and fossil . transactions of the zoological society of london , 26 , 257–408 . urltoken
macquart , p . j . ( 1842 ) dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus . tome deuxième . 2e partie . memoirs de la societe royale des sciences , de l’agriculture et des arts , de lille , 1 , 65–200 .
meigen , j . w . ( 1803 ) versuch einer neuen gattungs - eintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen insekten . magazin für insektenkunde , 2 , 259–281 .
reemer , m . & ståhls , g . ( 2013a ) generic revision and species classification of the microdontinae ( diptera , syrphidae ) . zookeys , 288 , 1–213 . urltoken
reemer , m . & ståhls , g . ( 2013b ) phylogenetic relationships of microdontinae ( diptera : syrphidae ) based on molecular and morphological characters . systematic entomology , 38 , 661–688 . urltoken
thompson , f . c . , vockeroth , j . r . & sedman , y . s . ( 1976 ) family syrphidae . in : papavero , n . ( ed . ) , a catalogue of the diptera of the americas south of the united states . edanee , são paulo , brasil , pp . 1–195 .
trougakos , i . p . & margaritis , l . k . ( 2002 ) novel morphological and physiological aspects of insect eggs . in : hiker , m . & meiners , t . ( eds . ) , chemoecology of insect eggs . blackwell publishing , oxford , uk , pp . 3–36 .
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revision of the genus macrostomus wiedemann ( diptera , empididae , empidinae ) . iv . the amazonensis species - group .
revision of the genus pelecinobaccha shannon , description of relictanum gen . nov . , and redescription of atylobaccha flukiella ( curran , 1941 ) ( diptera : syrphidae ) .
taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus pityocera giglio - tos , 1896 ( diptera : tabanidae : scionini ) .
description of evandromyia ( aldamyia ) orcyi , a new phlebotomine species ( diptera : psychodidae : phlebotominae ) from the state of mato grosso do sul , brazil .
a new species of dendroblatta rehn , 1916 from northern brazil ( blattaria : ectobiidae ) collected in wasp nests .
first record of amblyomma scalpturatum neumann ( acari : ixodidae ) in the states of paraná and roraima , brazil .
description of new species of surimyia reemer and carreramyia doesburg ( diptera : syrphidae ) from the brazilian amazon .
longivena , a new robber - fly genus from brazil ( diptera , asilidae , asilinae ) .
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laboratório de entomologia sistemática , urbana e forense / instituto nacional de pesquisas da amazônia , manaus , am , brazil ; email : gilfgm @ gmail . com .
preimaginal morphology of the genera salpingogaster schiner , 1868 and eosalpingogaster hull , 1949 ( diptera : syrphidae ) , with its systematic implications .
a new species of furciseta ( diptera , ctenostylidae ) from the brazilian amazon .
a new species of the rare neotropical genus auloceromyia lindner , 1969 < br / > ( diptera : stratiomyidae ) and the first record of the male of a . pedunculata pimentel & pujol - luz , 2000 .
revision of cerozodus bigot , 1857 ( diptera , asilidae , asilinae ) with description of a new species from brazil .
the neotropical chloropine genus ischnochlorops paganelli 2002 ( diptera : chloropidae ) , with the description of a new species .