alosa kessleri , also referred to as the caspian anadromous shad , the blackback , or the black-spined herring , is a species of clupeid fish .

it is one of the several species of shad endemic to the caspian sea basin .

this is an anadromous species which ascends from the caspian to the volga river up to the volgograd to spawn .

before the construction of th volgograd dam it migrated up to the kama and oka tributaries .

few fish enter the terek and ural rivers .

alosa kessleri

some basic population parameters of the black sea shad ( alosa kessleri pontica eichw . )
some basic population parameters of the black sea shad ( alosa kessleri pontica eichw . )
some basic population parameters of the black sea shad ( alosa kessleri pontica eichw . ) [ 1983 ]
freyhof j , kottelat m ( 2008 ) alosa kessleri the iucn red list of threatened species v 2014 . 3
froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2015 ) .
alosa kessleri
in fishbase . feb 2015 version .
( of alosa pontica kessleri ( grimm , 1887 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
euryhaline , anadromous , northward migration in spring ( march / april ) , but sometimes as early as february or even january ) , a little distance from the shore . no feeding by a . kessleri kessleri during migration up rivers whereas a . kessleri volgensis feed en route .
( of caspialosa kessleri kessleri ( grimm , 1887 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of clupea kessleri grimm , 1887 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa kessleri bergi tanassiychuk , 1940 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of clupeonella kessleri ( grimm , 1887 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa kessleri ( grimm , 1887 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa caspia kessleri ( grimm , 1887 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa kessleri volgensis natio imitans berg , 1948 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
spawns in rivers . some enter with ripe gonads and spawn in the lower reaches or even delta ( a . kessleri volgensis ) , others enter unripe and reach as much as 500 km upstream . the young descend in late summer and autumn .
spawns in rivers . some enter with ripe gonads and spawn in the lower reaches or even delta ( a . kessleri volgensis ) , others enter unripe and reach as much as 500 km upstream . the young descend in late summer and autumn .
body fairly elongate , more ` herring - like ' than ` shad - like ' . total gill rakers 59 to 155 ( as in a . caspia ) , thick , coarse and shorter than gill filaments in some , long , thin and equal to or longer than gill filaments in others ( i . e . a . kessleri volgensis ) . teeth well developed in both jaws . other caspian shads have less than 50 gill rakers , except a . caspia which is deep - bodied .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; anal spines : 0 . body fairly elongate , more ` herring - like ' than ` shad - like ' . total gill rakers 59 to 155 ( as in a . caspia ) , thick , coarse and shorter than gill filaments in some , long , thin and equal to or longer than gill filaments in others ( i . e . a . kessleri volgensis ) . teeth well developed in both jaws . other caspian shads have less than 50 gill rakers , except a . caspia which is deep - bodied .
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caspian sea from where adults ascend volga ( only few fish enter ural and terek ) to spawn . earlier reached upriver up to kama and oka systems . migrations now blocked by volgograd dam . there are indications it has formed landlocked populations in volga reservoirs .
still relatively abundant and stable below the volgograd dam where it appears to have found new spawning grounds . juveniles are regularly found in the delta of the volga . in 2000 the estimated number of mature individuals in the caspian was 12 , 000 , 000 ( n . bogutskaya , pers comm . )
habitat : at sea , pelagic , in a wide variety of habitats . migrates to middle reaches of large rivers , spawning close to shores in main channel and in almost - still water bodies such as river bays , river eddies and flood plains . biology : anadromous . migrates upriver to spawn at 4 - 5 years . enters rivers with unripe gonads . some spawn 2 - 4 seasons , but most females die after spawning . spawners appear along the coast in march - april , entering rivers april - may when temperatures reach about 9°c , peaking at 12 - 15°c . spawning run originally lasted 30 - 50 days . spawning starts in may - august when temperature rises above 15°c , and lasts as long as temperatures remain at 15 - 23°c . spawning is most intensive between 4 and 10 p . m . eggs are bathypelagic . spent fish migrate back to the sea to feed . in autumn , they move to the southern part of the sea to overwinter . juveniles migrate to the sea or to estuaries during their first summer , remaining there until maturity . at sea , feeds on a wide variety of zooplankton , crustaceans and small fish .
the damming for the volga river ( main spawning river ) in the 1950 ' s and 1960 ' s , blocked most of the spawning grounds . currently the major threat to the species is commercial and illegal fishing in the caspian sea and at the mouth of the volga during the migration . the flow regulation from the volgograd dam ( which is dependant on energy demand ) is also a threat to the species as the species needs a large flow in april to the beginning june for optimal spawning conditions .
there is a canal which has been constructed to allow fish to pass the volgograd dam , so some fish occasionally get past .
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latin , alausa = a fish cited by ausonius and latin , halec = pickle , dealing with the greek word hals = salt ; it is also the old saxon name for shad =
alli
; 1591 ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; freshwater ; brackish ; pelagic - oceanic ; anadromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; depth range 0 - 85 m ( ref . 188 ) . temperate ; 55°n - 35°n , 42°e - 58°e ( ref . 188 )
europe : caspian sea from where adults ascend volga ( only few fish enter ural and terek ) to spawn . earlier reached upriver up to kama and oka system . migration now blocked by volgograd dam . may have formed land - lock populations in volga reservoirs .
maturity : l m ? , range 32 - 44 cm max length : 52 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 188 ) ; common length : 40 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 188 ) ; max . published weight : 1 . 2 kg ( ref . 56523 ) ; max . reported age : 8 years ( ref . 56523 )
whitehead , p . j . p . , 1985 . fao species catalogue . vol . 7 . clupeoid fishes of the world ( suborder clupeoidei ) . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings , sardines , pilchards , sprats , shads , anchovies and wolf - herrings . fao fish . synop . 125 ( 7 / 1 ) : 1 - 303 . rome : fao . ( ref . 188 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00871 ( 0 . 00556 - 0 . 01363 ) , b = 3 . 05 ( 2 . 92 - 3 . 18 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 5 ±0 . 7 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 3 - 5 ; fec = 135 , 000 ) .
prior r = 0 . 64 , 2 sd range = 0 . 42 - 0 . 98 , log ( r ) = - 0 . 45 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 21 , based on : 1 k , 2 tgen , 1 tmax , 2 fec records
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 31 of 100 ) .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa volgensis bergi tanassiychuk , 1940 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caspialosa volgensis imitans berg , 1948 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
52 . 0 cm sl ( male / unsexed ; ( ref . 188 ) ) ; max . published weight : 1 , 200 g ( ref . 56523 ) ; max . reported age : 8 years ( ref . 56523 )
habitat : at sea , pelagic , in a wide variety of habitats . migrates to middle reaches of large rivers , spawning close to shores in main channel and in almost - still water bodies such as river bays , river eddies and flood plains . biology : anadromous . migrates upriver to spawn at 4 - 5 years . enters rivers with unripe gonads . some spawn 2 - 4 seasons , but most females die after spawning . spawners appear along the coast in march - april , entering rivers april - may when temperatures reach about 9c , peaking at 12 - 15c . spawning run originally lasted 30 - 50 days . spawning starts in may - august when temperature rises above 15c , and lasts as long as temperatures remain at 15 - 23c . spawning is most intensive between 4 and 10 p . m . eggs are bathypelagic . spent fish migrate back to the sea to feed . in autumn , they move to the southern part of the sea to overwinter . juveniles migrate to the sea or to estuaries during their first summer , remaining there until maturity . at sea , feeds on a wide variety of zooplankton , crustaceans and small fish .
pelagic - oceanic ; anadromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; freshwater ; brackish ; marine ; depth range 0 - 85 m ( ref . 188 )
depth : 0 - 85m . recorded at 85 meters . habitat : pelagic .
anadromous . fish that ascend rivers to spawn , as salmon and hilsa do . sub - division of diadromous . migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km .
while the migration upstream is broken , it seems the fish have found new breeding grounds south of the dam , and the population is now abundant .
the species may be threatened by commercial and illegal fishing in the caspian sea and at the mouth of the volga during the migration , though .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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the richtersveld katydid ( africariola longicauda ) is a species of katydid that is endemic to the richtersveld national park in south africa .

it occurs in semi-arid habitats of the karoo biotope .

it is threatened by livestock grazing and climate change .

richtersveld katydid

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the richtersveld katydid ( africariola longicauda ) is endemic to the richtersveld national park , northern cape province , south africa , and areas immediately adjacent to it .
the park boasts excellent bird watching opportunities , as well as a diverse range of animals including grey rhebok , duiker , steenbok , klipspringer , kudu , hartmann ' s mountain zebra , baboon , vervet monkey , caracal and leopard . the threatened richtersveld katydid is endemic to the area .
this species is known to occur only within the semi - arid habitats of nama and succulent karoo within richtersveld national park .
) is endemic to the richtersveld national park , northern cape province , south africa , and areas immediately adjacent to it .
no specific conservation measures are in place for this species , but it is only known to occur within a protected area , richtersveld national park .
in june 2007 , the
richtersveld cultural and botanical landscape
, just to the south of the national park and an area of equivalent size and beauty , was named a unesco world heritage site . unlike the national park , the richtersveld community conservancy , which forms the core zone of the world heritage site , is not subject to diamond mining and is as a result the more pristine of the two areas .
with water so scarce , life in the richtersveld depends on moisture from the early morning fog . locals call it ' ihuries ' or ' malmokkies ' and it makes survival possible for a range of small reptiles , birds and mammals .
located in south africa ' s northern namaqualand , this arid area represents a harsh landscape where water is a great scarcity and only the hardiest of lifeforms survive . despite this , the richtersveld is regarded as the only arid biodiversity hotspot on earth , with an astonishing variety of plant , bird and animal life ( much of which is endemic ) .
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the greatest threat to this species is habitat destruction caused by livestock over - grazing and climate change .
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part of the area is inscribed on unesco ' s world heritage list due to its cultural values , but remains a favourite amongst nature travellers to south africa , the landscape is sometimes described as
martian
. though barren and desolate at first glance , closer examination reveals the area to be rich in desert lifeforms , with an array of unique species specially adapted for survival .
the northern part of the area was proclaimed as a national park in 1991 after 18 years of negotiation with the local community , who continue to live and graze their livestock in the area . it has an area of
having been recorded in mid - summer . nights are cool and bring with them heavy dew . this unique climate is what has fostered such a unique ecosystem .
home to c . 650 plant species , this park boasts the world’s largest diversity of succulents and represents an example of one of the most interesting mega - ecosystems in the world , the karoo .
the area is home to a number of rather unusual plants , many of which are found nowhere else on earth . chief among these is the
halfmensboom
( pachypodium namaquanum welw . ) . literally translated , this means
half - person tree
and the name comes from the tree ' s resemblance to the human form ; its top consists of a grouping of thick , crinkled leaves , generally leaning northwards , which can make it look almost like a human head .
these trees are revered by the indigenous nama people as the embodiment of their ancestors , half human , half plant , mourning for their ancient namibian home .
also found here are gnarled kokerbooms , other tall aloes , and a variety of other unusual succulents , such as aloe pearsonii .
and is entirely responsible for management of the world heritage site . both areas are used by traditional nomadic / transhumance herders to practice their ancient lifestyle and culture . it is the last place where the traditional way of life of the
( of whom the nama are the largest surviving clan ) who once occupied the entire south - western part of africa , survives to any great extent . the
is declared under the cultural criteria of the world heritage convention although it is recognised that the cultural values of the community and their continued existence are intrinsically connected to the environment .
for official site names , see each article or the list of world heritage sites in south africa .
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skania is a middle cambrian fossil arthropod that is closely related to the early cambrian primicaris larvaformis from the chengjiang biota , china .

it bears a superficial resemblance to the ediacaran organism parvancorina .

a single specimens of skania are known from the greater phyllopod bed , where they comprise < 0.01 % of the community .

skania

other deposits : skania sundbergi lin et al . 2006 from the kaili formation , china .
skania – from skana , the name of a glacier near mount robson , british columbia , canada .
skania fragilis was first described by walcott ( 1931 ) in a posthumous monograph published by his assistant charles resser . resser compared skania to the trilobites and naraoia . however in a redescription by delle cave and simonetta ( 1975 ) , it was suggested instead that skania was closely related to the ediacaran taxon parvancorina minchami glaessner 1958 . this affinity has been much discussed ( gehling , 1991 ; conway morris , 1993 ; simonetta and insom , 1993 ; lin et al . 2006 ) , and skania has also been compared extensively with primicaris zhang et al . 2003 . skania and primicaris have also been interpreted as juveniles ( protaspides ) of naraoiids ( hou and bergström , 1997 ) .
the ecology of skania is poorly known because the details of its morphology remain enigmatic . the form of the appendages is assumed to be biramous based on the overall similarity with primicaris , which possesses biramous appendages , meaning that both animals may have walked on the seafloor , using their filamentous appendages for oxygen exchange and occasional swimming . skania lacks eyes , so it likely used its antennae to sense the environment . the feeding strategy is unknown .
the m / f skania is a modern passenger and freight unit , of a service standard comparable to the polonia ferry . it has been in the unity line colours since 2008 . it can take on board up to :
skania fragilis ( rom 60752 ) – part and counterpart ( first and second rows ) . complete specimen showing antennae . specimen length = 11 mm . specimen dry – polarized light ( left column ) and wet ( right column ) . raymond quarry .
delle cave , l . and a . m . simonetta . 1975 . notes on the morphology and taxonomic position of aysheaia ( onycophora ? ) and of skania ( undetermined phylum ) . monitore zoologico italiano new series , 9 : 67 - 81 .
the skania ferry guarantees a high comfort of travelling . on the unit there are 194 cabins : for 2 , 3 or 4 persons , de - luxe class included . every cabin is air conditioned , it has its own bathroom and extra facilities for passengers . the guests travelling on the ferry may also use comfortable airplane style armchairs .
time for a meal ? on the skania ferry everyone will find something suitable for their needs and tastes . at the travellers disposal there are , amongst others , an ą la carte restaurant , a self - service restaurant and snacks and drinks bars . over 400 people can be served there at the same time . dishes for gourmets are exquisite and sophisticated , and for people looking for a fast meal - tasty and cheap . bon appetite !
on the skania ferry there is no place for boredom . 85 members of the crew take care to make the journey as pleasant as possible . during the cruise one may dance in a disco , play in a casino with a roulette and slot - machines or admire sea views on the open deck . it is also worth doing shopping in a well - stocked shop . the highest quality cosmetics , sweets , alcohol one can buy at very reasonable prices . and the kids will be thrilled by a playground room and the holiday club of the little viking . what a cruise it is going to be !
the skania ferry is a perfect place for organising a conference or a company trip . on the ferry there are two conference rooms - for 60 and 48 persons . the rooms are separated with a sliding door so if there is such a need , there could even be a meeting organised for 110 people ! at your request we can prepare individual decoration of the rooms and extra attractions . and if there is such a need , there is also a possibility of prolonging the conference in one of the hotels in ystad , trelleborg , malmö , ängelholm or copenhagen . so let ' s get to work !
skania has a single , undifferentiated , soft dorsal shield that is roughly kite - shaped . the dorsal shield is rounded at the front of the head , and tapers towards the posterior of the body , ending in a pair of short margin spines at the posterior end . at the point of maximum width there are sharp genal spines directed posteriorly . the posterior margin of the head is delineated by a narrow rim that is strongly arched forward , with the cephalic region occupying one - quarter of the exoskeletal length . a midgut is preserved in the axial region of the body trunk . appendages are poorly preserved but consist of a pair of anterior antennae and ten or more paired body limbs .
the affinity of skania is controversial , but most agree it is related to the arthropods . it is similar to primicaris ( lin et al . , 2006 ; zhang et al . , 2007 ) , and both taxa have been compared to soft - bodied trilobites like naraoia ( walcott , 1931 ; zhang et al . , 2007 ; hou and bergström , 1997 ) . other researchers suggest these taxa are related to the enigmatic ediacaran taxon parvancorina ( delle cave and simonetta , 1975 ; gehling , 1991 ; conway morris , 1993 ; simonetta and insom , 1993 ) , with all three taxa forming a clade in sister group position relative to the trilobites ( lin et al . , 2006 ) .
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current links for doi : 10 . 2110 / palo . 2003 . p05 - 070r
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the society for sedimentary geology is an international not - for - profit society based in tulsa , oklahoma . through its network of international members , the society is dedicated to the dissemination of scientific information on sedimentology , stratigraphy , paleontology , environmental sciences , marine geology , hydrogeology , and many additional related specialties .
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fragilis – from the latin fragilis , “brittle , ” referring to the delicate nature and small size of the animal .
holotype – usnm 83950 in the national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , dc , usa .
middle cambrian , bathyuriscus - elrathina zone ( approximately 505 million years ago ) .
conway morris , s . 1993 . ediacaran - like fossil in cambrian burgess shale - type faunas of north america . palaeontology , 36 : 593 - 635 .
gehling , j . g . 1991 . the case for ediacaran fossil roots to the metazoan tree , p . 181 - 223 . in b . p . radhakrishna ( ed . ) , the world of martin f . glaessner . geological society of india , bangalore .
hou , x . and j . bergström . 1997 . arthropods of the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china . fossils and strata , 45 : 1 - 116 .
lin , j . , s . m . gon iii , j . g . gehling , l . e . babcock , y . zhao , x . zhang , s . hu , j . yuan m . yu and j . peng . 2006 . a parvancorina - like arthropod from the cambrian of south china . historical biology , 18 : 33 - 45 .
simonetta , a . m . and e . insom . 1993 . new animals from the burgess shale ( middle cambrian ) and their possible significance for the understanding of the bilateria . bolletino di zoologia , 60 : 97 - 107 .
walcott , c . d . 1931 . addenda to descriptions of burgess shale fossils . smithsonian miscellaneous collections , 85 : 1 - 46 .
zhang , x . , d . shu and d . h . erwin . 2007 . cambrian naraoiids ( arthropoda ) : morphology , ontogeny , systematics , and evolutionary relationships . palaeontological society memoir , 68 : 1 - 52 .
thanks to numerous facilities and entertainment spots the journey passes fast and in a very pleasant way . in the gastronomy and entertainment areas travellers may have a meal in a bar or a restaurant , dance in a disco , do some shopping and play in a casino .
a great advantage of the ferry is a night departure from the ports and the alternating journey times with the polonia ferry . it offers the opportunity for convenient , even one - day long trips to sweden . on the way to scandinavia , travellers may have a nap - and then they wake up relaxed and ready for the rest of the journey or sightseeing .
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> > t h e m e b y r o x i e < < < theme by roxie | urltoken 2016 ⓒ all rights reserved . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - >
yooo ! i ' m kanae and this is my multi - fandom blog . it ' s heavy on my otps and favorite characters , so please do check them out before following . buy me a coffee ? | |
holy crap , the cg fandom is every bit as delusional if not worse then i remembered it to be . can’t believe that in year of the lord 2k18 there’s still people that deny how dear shirley was to lelouch’s heart and even people that try to defend rolo’s character and make him out to be something he was not at all or cling to lelouch being the cart driver . like ? ? it’s been a decade since the series ended ? ? ?
“that’s right , harry… come on , think of something happy…” “something happy ? ” he said , his voice cracked . “we’re all still here , ” she whispered , “we’re still fighting . come on , now…” there was a silver spark , then a wavering light , and then , with the greatest effort it had ever cost him , the stag burst from the end of harry’s wand .
and there you’d be wrong about the rebuilds but right about the manga . though i wouldn’t say i’m a bigger fan of it ; i take each of them as their own canon , so while i have my preferences the original nge comes before everything else .
rc to sebastian : “a servant shall not open their mouth without the master’s permission . you are an earsore . ”
1 second later , rc to oc : “aww , i’m so glad that i was able to meet you , my only family in this world , again . * smile * ”
if lizzy shows up to draw a sword on the shinigami again when / if they threaten r ! ciel , all these months without her will have been worth it .
honestly , i’ve been expecting r ! ciel to call her and for her to reveal she’s been there all along , just like tanaka and undertaker were . and for her arrival to be the cliffhanger of the chapter , since o ! ciel seeing her and knowing that she knows and lizzy seeing him with r ! ciel in the room is going to be everything .
but badass lizzy ? lizzy vs the otherwordly again ? ohhh man . even if it’s just a couple of panels before undertaker gets the situation under control , i’m so here for it .
hereditary was pretty good . really heavy on eerie atmosphere and not ridiculous jump scares with bad sound design . my only grievance is that it really goes out of it’s way to be subtle and focus on visual story telling until the very end betrays that . it just randomly turns into a big exposition dump right before credits roll . not sure if that was the producers wanting to spell it out to dummies or what . would recommend it though , especially if you’re all about slow burns and atmosphere .
as always , i haven’t watched the movie myself , these are what i got from various fan accounts online . the plot development generally remained the same , but there are several brief ( relative to overall plot ) but major changes . ( source : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 with the twitter ones can only be viewed from pc if you don’t have the fusetter account )
now that’s out of my chest , i seriously hope to be more active this summer ! ! not only for free ! 3rd season but also because lizzy should hopefully already be back in the manga by then . maybe even some darlifra depending on how that ends lol
harurinharu , mc x aigis , cielizzy , eruri & kiznaiver . with a dash of eren / annie and stony .
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legg , d . a . 2015 , the morphology and affinities of . . . bulletin of geosciences , 90 , 509 - 518 .
bulletin of geosciences published by © czech geological survey , w . bohemia museum pilsen individual sponsors issn : 1802 - 8225 ( online ) , 1214 - 1119 ( print )
, from the middle cambrian ( series 3 , stage 5 ) burgess shale formation ( yoho national park , british columbia , canada ) , is redescribed based on 14 new specimens reposited at the royal ontario museum . these specimens provide a clearer picture of the morphology of this taxon and help to resolve conflicting opinions regarding potential homology of particular features . specifically , the anchor - shaped anterior , which has been compared to a similar structure in the putative precambrian arthropod
, weakening claims that crown - group arthropods were present in the neoproterozoic . the removal of these taxa from arthropoda is in keeping with recent molecular clock analyses , which demonstrate a cambrian diversification of euarthropoda . a phylogenetic analysis resolved
, united by the presence of a cordiform dorsal shield . similarities between these taxa and marrellids may indicate that the elongate posterior spines of
and related taxa , and the dorsal shield of acercostracans have a common origin akin to the carapace anlagen of extant crustaceans .
bengtson , s . 2000 . teasing fossils out of shale with cameras and computers .
beurlen , k . 1930 . vergleichende stammesgeschichte grundlagen , methoden , probleme unter besonderer berücksichtigung der höheren krebse .
conway morris , s . 1993 . ediacaran - like fossils in cambrian burgess shale - type faunas of north america .
crabb , p . 2001 . the use of polarised light in photography of macrofossils .
delle cave , l . & simonetta , a . m . 1975 . notes on the morphology and taxonomic positon of
( arthropoda , marrellomorpha ) from the middle cambrian burgess shale , british columbia , canada .
gehling , j . g . 1991 . the case for ediacaran fossil roots to the metazoan tree , 181 - 223 .
goloboff , p . a . 1999 . analysing large data sets in reasonable times : solutions for composite optima .
goloboff , p . a . , farris , j . s . & nixon , k . c . 2008 . tnt , a free program for phylogenetic analysis .
harrington , h . j . 1968 . general description of trilobita , o38 - o117 .
gen . et sp . nov . and heterochronic events in early crustacean evolution .
hou , x . g . & bergström , j . 1997 . arthropods from the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china .
hou , x . g . , ramsköld , l . & bergström , j . 1991 . composition and preservation of the chengjiang fauna - a lower cambrian soft - bodied biota .
lee , m . s . y . , soubrier , j . & edgecombe , g . d . 2013 . rates of phenotypic and genomic evolution during the cambrian explosion .
legg , d . a . , sutton , m . d . & edgecombe , g . d . 2013 . arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies .
legg , d . a . , sutton , m . d . , edgecombe , g . d . & caron , j . - b . 2012 . cambrian bivalved arthropod reveals origin of arthrodization .
lin , j . p . , gon iii , s . m . , gehling , j . g . , babcock , l . e . , zhao , y . l . , zhang , x . l . , hu , s . x . , yuan , j . l . , yu , m . y . & peng , j . 2006 . a
nixon , k . c . 1999 . the parsimony ratchet , a new method for rapid parsimony analysis .
olesen , j . 2013 . the crustacean carapace : morphology , function , development , and phylogenetic history , 103 - 139 .
ortega - hernández , j . & brena , c . 2012 . ancestral patterning of tergite formation in a centipede suggests derived mode of trunk segmentation in trilobites .
rota - stabelli , o . , daley , a . c . & pisani , d . 2013 . molecular timetrees reveal a cambrian colonization of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution .
schram , f . r . & koenemmann , s . 2004 . are the crustaceans monophyletic ? , 319 - 329 .
simonetta , a . m . & delle cave , l . 1981 . an essay in the comparative and evolutionary morphology of palaeozoic arthropods . origine dei grandi phyla dei metazoi . accademia
simonetta , a . m . & insom , e . 1993 . new animals from the burgess shale ( middle cambrian ) and their possible significance for the understanding of the bilateria .
siveter , d . j . , briggs , d . e . g . , siveter , d . j . , sutton , m . d . , legg , d . & joomun , s . 2014 . a silurian short - great - appendage arthropod .
siveter , d . j . , fortey , r . a . , sutton , m . d . , briggs , d . e . g . & siveter , d . j . 2007 . a silurian ‘marrellomorph’ arthropod .
stormer , l . 1944 . on the relationships and phylogeny of fossil and recent arachnomorpha .
treatise on invertebrate paleontology . part r . arthropoda vol 4 ( 1 ) .
van roy , p . , orr , p . j . , botting , j . p . , muir , l . a . , vinther , j . , lefebvre , b . , el hariri , k . & briggs , d . e . g . 2010 . ordovician faunas of burgess shale - type .
vannier , j . & chen , j . y . 2002 . digestive system and feeding mode in cambrian naraoiid arthropods .
waggoner , b . m . 1996 . phylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships of arthropods to precambrian and cambrian problematic fossil taxa .
walcott , c . d . 1931 . addenda to descriptions of burgess shale fossils .
wills , m . a . , briggs , d . e . g . , fortey , r . a . , wilkinson , m . & sneath , p . h . a . 1998 . an arthropod phylogeny based on fossil and recent taxa , 33 - 105 .
zhang , x . l . , han , j . , zhang , z . f . , liu , h . q . & shu , d . g . 2003 . reconsideration of the supposed naraoiid larva from the early cambrian chengjiang lagerstätte , south china .


macrocilix nongloba is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by chu and wang in 1988 .

it is found in china ( sichuan , jiangxi , chejiang ) .

the length of the forewings is 13-18 mm .

adults are externally similar to macrocilix orbifera .

macrocilix nongloba

this is the place for nongloba definition . you find here nongloba meaning , synonyms of nongloba and images for nongloba copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word nongloba . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word nongloba and , of course , nongloba synonyms and on the right images related to the word nongloba .
this is a successive report on the chinese drepaninae dealing with 2 genera , i . e . auzata and macrocilix . both genera are endemic to e . asia especially presenting a rich fauna in china . [ new taxa discussed include a . amaryssa sp . nov . , a . semilucida sp . nov . , a . plana sp . nov . , m . ophrysa sp . nov . , m . nongloba sp . nov . , m . trinotata sp . nov . , and m . mysticata campana ssp . nov . ] .
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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cajviewer7 . 0 supports all the cnki file formats ; adobereader only supports the pdf format .
bhou io xiang henordokcidenia kolegio de agrikulturo la shaanxi - a ir . stltuto de zoologio ; studo drepanedoj el shaanxi provinco ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) [ j ] ; entomotaxonomia ; 1982 - 04
chou io xiang he nordokcidenta kolegio de agrikulturo , wugong , shaanxi . la shaanxi - a instituto de zoologio , xi ' an , shaanxi . ; studo de drepanedoj el yunnan provinco ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) [ j ] ; entomotaxonomia ; 1984 - z1
guo zheng - fu ~ 1 , ding dong - sun ~ 2 ( 1 . jiangxi provincial academy of forestry , nanchang , jiangxi 330046 , china ; 2 . jiangxi provincial station of forest disease and pest control , nanchang , jiangxi 330077 , china ) ; butterfly fauna analysis of the natural reservation of guanshan , jiangxi province [ j ] ; entomological journal of east china ; 2005 - 02
xie xiao - jian1 , ren ze - jun1 , ding dong - sun1 , lin yu - jian2 ( 1 . forest pest control station of jiangxi province , nanchang , 330077 ; 2 . college of agronomy , jiangxi agriculture university , nanchang 330045 ) ; the species of lymantriidae insects from jiangxi province [ j ] ; jiangxi plant protection ; 2007 - 01
ding dongsun1 , zhu xianchao2 , huang xianlin3 , qiu ningfang1 ( 1 . jiangxi forest pest control station , nanchang jiangxi 330077 , china ; 2 . leqing city yandang town forest station , leqing zhejiang 325614 , china ; 3 . leqing city xiangyang town forest station , leqing zhejiang 325619 , china ) ; tettigonioidae and geographical distributions of insect from jiangxi lushan nature reserve [ j ] ; jiangxi forestry science and technology ; 2007 - 03
zhen benguang1 , chen chunquang1 , zhuo chuansen1 , cheng yong1 , jia fenghai2 ( 1 . jinggang mountain national reserve management bureau , ji ' an jiangxi 343600 , china ; 2 . nanchang university , nanchan jiangxi 330031 , china ) ; lepidoptera lycaenidae new records in jiangxi [ j ] ; jiangxi forestry science and technology ; 2007 - 04
song hong - min1 , 2 , zhang qing - fen1 , han xue - mei1 , xu yan1 , 3 , xu ru - mei 1 * * ( 1 ministry of education laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering , beijing normal university , beijing 100875 , china ; 2 ministry of laboratory for biological - active substances and functional food , beijing union university , beijing 100083 , china ; 3 institute of animal and plant quarantine , administry of quality supervise and inspection and quarantine , beijing 100029 , china ) ; climex : professional biological software for predicting potential distribution of species . [ j ] ; entomological knowledge ; 2004 - 04
liu yuanfu , associate professor ( the research institute of tropical forestry , caf guangzhou 510520 ) . ; the insect fauna of the jianfengling forest area , hainan island - - thyrididae [ j ] ; forest research ; 1993 - 03
ding dong - sun1 , zeng zhi - jie1 , chen chun - fa1 , lin yu - jian2 , wu he - ping3 , xu xiang - rong3 , yu ze - ping3 ( 1 . forest pest control and quarantine bureau of jiangxi , nanchang 330077 , jiangxi , china ; 2 . jiangxi agricultural university , nanchang 330045 , jiangxi , china ; 3 . guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi , yifeng 336300 , jiangxi , china ) ; insect fauna analysis of guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi [ j ] ; forest research ; 2009 - 03
©2006 tsinghua tongfang knowledge network technology co . , ltd . ( beijing ) ( ttkn ) all rights reserved
by hong - fu chu and lin - yao wang in 1988 . it is
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genetic results of embryo transfer in cattle . i . case of a closed herd
. this study aimed to determine the practical application of vascular lab studies in determining limb salvage outcomes in injured patients with concerning clinical examinations . a retrospective review of the trauma registry at a level i center was c . . .
abdulkadyrov , k . m . ; rukavitsyn , o . a . ; bessmel & apos ; tsev , s . s . ; martynkevich , i . a . ; saltykova , l . b . ; sidorova , z . iu . ; blinov , m . n . ; shcherbakova , e . g . ; shilova , e . r .
. to elucidate feasibility of accurate diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) without cytogenetic and molecular - genetic investigations as well as to specify cml diagnostic criteria , clinicohematological parameters were compared in two groups of . . .
. although their impact on global sulphur supplies is currently rather small , the smaller exporters in the arabian gulf have found a niche in markets in their locality . their contribution world - wide is expected to become increasingly significant in . . .
. a rare case of gummatous syphilis of the scalp involving underlying bones in a 50 years old male is reported . the diagnosis was confirme , d by history , clinical examination , serological and radiological findings . salient radiological features regar . . .
. in this paper , new quantitative linear ( hlf ratio : high frequency / low frequency spectral power ratio ) and non - linear parameters ( zc : zero crossing and fd : fractal dimension ) which can assist the physician in real - time decision whether a shunt is r . . .
. this study was undertaken to describe the musculoskeletal manifestations in a selected population of 26 patients with biopsy - proven osteomalacia ( om ) and provide a literature update . the 26 patients with biopsy - proven om were selected from a total . . .


symmetrischema atrifascis is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1917 .

it is found in peru .

the wingspan is 9 – 10 mm .

the forewings are dark grey irrorated with white and with a blackish dot beneath the costa near the base , as well as an oblique blackish bar from the costa at one-fourth to the fold .

the discal stigmata are blackish , indistinctly edged with ochreous beneath , and with the plical ochreous , slightly before the first discal .

there are indistinct whitish opposite marks on the costa at three-fourths and the tornus .

the hindwings are pale slaty-grey , in males with a very long dense black expansible hairpencil lying along the costa from the base to two-thirds .

symmetrischema atrifascis

phthorimaea atrifascis meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 45 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800ft
symmetrischema inexpectatum povolný , 1967 ; acta ent . mus . natn . pragae 37 : 60
symmetrischema capsicivorum povolný , 1973 ; acta ent . bohemoslov . 70 : 209 ; tl : peru , lambayeque
symmetrischema kendallorum blanchard & knudson , 1982 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 84 ( 3 ) : 628 ; tl : texas , nueces co . , north padre island
symmetrischema striatellum ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 13 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 27
symmetrischema ( gnorimoschemini ) ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 27 ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 730 , 699 ( list )
symmetrischema escondidella landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 730 , 699 ( list ) ; tl : galapagos , santa cruz , est . cient . charles darwin , el barranco , s 00°44 . 291 ' , w 90° 18 . 107 ' , 22m
symmetrischema tangolias ; hodges & becker , 1990 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 92 ( 1 ) : 84 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 12 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 27
= ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 730
phthorimaea altisona meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 46 ; tl : peru , huancayo , 10650ft
ardeola ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) ; j . linn . soc . lond . ( zool . ) 37 : 280
borsaniella ( köhler , 1939 ) ( gnorimoschema ) ; an . soc . cient . argent . 128 : 370
gnorimoschema capsica bradley & povolný , 1965 ; bull . ent . res . 56 ( 1 ) : 58 ; tl : lesser antilles
gnorimoschema cestrivora clarke , 1950 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 40 : 288 , f . 4 - 4d ; tl : tucuman , argentina
chelaria conifera meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 582 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
gnorimoschema fercularia meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : texas , fort davis ( 5000ft ) , alpine ( 5000 - 8000ft )
insertum povolný , 1988 ; revta inst . cienc . nat ecol . 1 : 77
larva on physalis virginiana var . spathulaefolia blanchard & knudson , 1982 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 84 ( 3 ) : 630
gnorimoschema lectulifera meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : texas , fort davis and alpine , 5000ft
phthorimaea loquax meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 45 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800ft
depressaria pallidochrella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 7 ) : 126 ; tl : kentucky
eucatoptus striatella murtfeldt , 1900 ; can . ent . 32 ( 6 ) : 163
larva on ( berries ) solanum nigrum murtfeldt , 1900 , can . ent . 32 ( 6 ) : 164
peru , new south wales , . . . , california . see [ maps ]
= ; hodges & becker , 1990 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 92 ( 1 ) : 84 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 27
= ; hodges & becker , 1990 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 92 ( 1 ) : 84 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 28
larva on ( for _ gnorimoschema tuberosella ) solanum tuberosum busck , 1931 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 33 ( 3 ) : 60 , solanum nigrum powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 13
gelechia ( teleia ? ) ventralella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 348 , pl . 4 , f . 116
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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sangmi lee and richard l . brown mississippi entomological museum , box 9775 , mississippi state , ms 39762 e - mail ( sl ) : microlepi @ urltoken
nealyda dietz , 1900 accincta meyrick , 1923 bicolor ( walsingham , 1891 ) ( didactylota ) bougainvileae e . m . hering , 1955 leucozostra meyrick , 1923 pisoniae busck , 1900
megacraspedus zeller , 1839 neda chambers , 1874 , preocc . by mulsant , 1850 pycnobathra lower , 1901 autoneda busck , 1903 , repl . name toxoceras chrétien , 1915 megacraspedas in barnes & mcdunnough , 1917 , missp . exilis walsingham , 1909 isophrictis meyrick , 1917 actiella barners & busck , 1920 monochroa heinemann , 1870 catabrachmia rebel , 1909 absconditella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) palpiannulella ( chambers , 1872 ) ( gelechia )
aristotelia hübner , [ 1825 ] ergatis heinemann , 1870 , preocc . by blackwall , 1870 isochasta meyrick , 1886 eucatoptus walsingham , 1897 aphiltra meyrick , 1917 argyractis meyrick , 1923 calculatrix meyrick , 1923 chalybeichroa ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( eucatoptus ) chalybochroa meyrick , 1925 , emend . corallina walsingham , 1909 cosmographa meyrick , 1917 crassicornis walsingham , 1897 cynthia meyrick , 1917 cytherae meyrick , 1917 dasypoda walsingham , 1910 diolcella forbes , 1931 elachistella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( gelechia ) erycina meyrick , 1917 eupatoriella busck , [ 1934 ] hieroglyphica walsingham , 1909 howardi walsingham , 1909 lignicolora forbes , 1931 naxia meyrick , 1926 oribatis meyrick , 1917 pantalaena ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( untomia ) paphia meyrick , 1917 parephoria clarke , 1951 paterata meyrick , 1914 penicillata ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( eucatoptus ) perfossa meyrick , 1917 radicata meyrick , 1917 perplexa clarke , 1951 probolopis meyrick , 1923 pudibundella ( zeller , 1873 ) ( gelechia ) intermediella ( chambers , 1879 ) ( gelechia ) pulicella walsingham , 1897 ) pyrodercia walsingham , 1910 roseosuffusella ( clemens , 1860 ) ( gelechia ) belella ( walter , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) rubidella ( clemens , 1860 ) ( gelechia ) rubensella ( chambers , 1872 ) ( gelechia ) pudibundella ( chambers , 1877 ) ( gelechia ) , misid . ( not zeller , 1873 ) sarcodes walsingham , 1910 saturnina meyrick , 1917 squamigera walsingham , 1909 subrosea meyrick , 1914 trossulella walsingham , 1897 vagabundella forbes , 1931 veteranella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( tachyptilia ) vicana meyrick , 1917
agnippe chambers , 1872 evippe chambers , 1873 phaetusa chambers , 1875 , preocc . by wagler , 1832 aganippe chamber , 1880 , missp . tholerostola meyrick , 1917 aequorea ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( recurvaria ) aulonota ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( aristotelia ) evippeella busck , 1906 leuconota ( zeller , 1873 ) ( gelechia ) plutella ( chambers , 1875 ) ( phaetusa ) omphalopa ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( tholerostola ) plumata ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( aristotelia )
recurvaria haworth , 1828 lita kollar , 1832 telea steph . , 1834 , preocc . by hübner , 1819 aphanaula meyrick , 1895 hinnebergia spuler , 1910 microlechia turati , 1924 annulicornis ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( aristotelia ) eromene ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( aristotelia ) febriculella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) filicornis ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) flagelifer walsingham , 1910 flagellifera meyrick , 1925 , missp . insequens meyrick , 1931 intermissella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) kitella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( aristotelia ) melanostictella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) merismatella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) nothostigma meyrick , 1914 ornatipalpella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( aristotelia ) ostariella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( aristotelia ) penetrans meyrick , 1923 picula walsingham , 1910 pleurosaris meyrick , 1923 putella busck , 1914 rhicnota walsingham , 1910 rhombophorella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) sartor walsingham , 1910 saxea meyrick , 1923 senariella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) sticta walsingham , 1910 synestia meyrick , 1939 thiodes meyrick , 1917 thysanota walsingham , 1910 trigonophorella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( teleia ) xanthotricha meyrick , 1917
coleotechnites chambers , 1880 evagora clemens , 1860 , preocc . by péron & lesueur , 1810 eidothea chambers , 1873 , preocc . by risso , 1826 eidothoa chambers , 1873 , missp . eucordylea dietz , 1900 pulicalvaria freeman , 1963 hapalosaris meyrick , 1917 coleotechnistes in busck , [ 1903 ] , missp . elucidella ( barnes & busck , 1920 ) ( eucordylea ) petulans ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( hapalosaris ) vagatioella ( chambers , 1873 ) ( eidothoa [ sic ] ) dorsivittella ( zeller , 1873 ) ( gelechia ) schistophila chrétien , 1899 fuscella forbes , 1931
exoteleia wallengren , 1881 paralechia busck , 1903 heringia spuler , 1910 , preocc . by rondani , 1856 heringiola strand , 1917 , repl . name ithycosma ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( strobisia )
telphusa chambers , 1872 adrasteia chambers , 1872 adrastia kirby , 1874 , missp . geniadophora walsingham , 1897 auxoptila meyrick , 1926 callitechna meyrick , 1914 praefinita ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( mompha ) delatrix meyrick , 1923 distictella forbes , 1931 extranea ( walsingham , 1892 ) ( poecilia ) hemicycla meyrick , 1932 latebricola meyrick , 1932 medulella busck , 1914 melanoleuca walsingham , 1911 obligata busck , 1914 ochrifoliata walsingham , 1911 orgilopis meyrick , 1923 penetratrix meyrick , 1931 perspicua ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) quinquedentata ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) ripula walsingham , 1911 smaragdopis meyrick , 1926 translucida ( walsingham , 1892 ) ( bryotropha )
thiotricha meyrick , 1886 reuttia hofmann , 1898 thiotrica inoue , 1954 , missp . thiothricha hartig , 1956 , missp . argoxantha meyrick , 1914 aucupatrix meyrick , 1929 cleodorella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( gelechia ) godmani ( walsingham , 1892 ) ( polyhymno ) laterestriata ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( polyhymno ) sciurella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( polyhymno ) argoxantha meyrick , 1914
stomopteryx heinemann , 1870 inotica meyrick , 1913 instica sharp , 1915 , missp . acraeologa meyrick , 1921 stomopterix turati , 1922 , missp . stromopteryx pierce & metcalfe , 1935 , missp . phaeopa meyrick , 1918
friseria busck , 1939 acaciella ( busck , 1906 ) ( telphusa ) caieta hodges , 1966 cockerelli ( busck , 1903 ) ( gelechia ) lindenella ( busck , 1903 ) ( gelechia ) malindella ( busck , 1910 ) ( gelechia ) sarcochlora ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( gelechia ) infracta ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) lacticaput ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) lacticeps ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( gelechia ) , emend . nona hoges , 1966 paphlactis ( meyrick , 1912 ) ( gelechia ) repentina ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia )
gelechia hübner , [ 1825 ] guinea bruand , 1850 galechia desmarest , [ 1857 ] , missp . cirrha chambers , 1872 oeseis chambers , 1875 mesogelechia omelko , 1986 gelecia watt , 1920 , missp . bathrochlora meyrick , 1932 bufo walsingham , 1911 cacoderma walsingham , 1911 caespitella zeller , 1877 cerussata walsingham , 1911 chlorocephala meyrick , 1932 clopica meyrick , 1931 concinna walsingham , 1911 creberrima walsingham , 1911 cuneifera walsingham , 1911 delapsa meyrick , 1931 diacmota meyrick , 1932 dolbyi ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( dichomeris ) elephantopis meyrick , 1936 exclarella möschler , 1890 flammulella walsingham , 1897 gnathodoxa meyrick , 1926 goniospila meyrick , 1931 hetaeria walsingham , 1911 impurgata walsingham , 1911 lapidescens meyrick , 1916 , repl . name lithodes walsingham , 1911 , preocc . ( not meyrick , 1886 ) leptospora meyrick , 1932 nephelophracta meyrick , 1932 neptica walsingham , 1911 nigripectus walsingham , 1911 nucifer walsingham , 1911 nucifera meyrick , 1925 , emend . ophiaula meyrick , 1931 ophiomorpha meyrick , 1935 pertinens meyrick , 1931 petraea walsingham , 1911 picrogramma meyrick , 1929 platydoxa meyrick , 1923 pleroma walsingham , 1911 protozona meyrick , 1926 rhypodes walsingham , 1911 scotodes walsingham , 1911 sonorensis walsingham , 1911 suspensa meyrick , 1923 synthetica walsingham , 1911 tannuolella rebel , 1917 thymiata ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( nothris ) traducella busck , 1914 veneranda walsingham , 1911 xylobathra meyrick , 1936
gnorimoschmea busck , 1900 lerupsia riedl , 1965 neoschema povolny´ , 1967 atriplicella keifer & jörgensen , 1910 borsaniella köhler , 1939 cestrivora clarke , 1950 cestivora hayward , 1969 , missp . dudiella busck , 1903 euchthonia ( meyrick , 1939 ) ( phthorimaea ) exacta ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) involuta ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) motasi povolny´ , 1976 perfidiosa ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) saphirinella ( chambers , 1875 ) ( gelechia ) urosema ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea )
phthorimaea meyrick , 1902 phtyrimaea turner , 1919 , missp . phthorimoea povolny´ & zakopal , 1951 , missp . pthorimaea issiki , 1957 , missp . phthorimea diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , missp . phtorimea oei - dharma , 1969 , missp . argentinae povolny´ , 1989 euchthonia meyrick , 1939 ferella ( berg , 1875 ) ( gelechia ) impudica walsingham , 1911 interjuncta meyrick , 1931 jamaicensis ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia ) operculella ( zeller , 1873 ) ( gelechia ) terrella walker , 1864 , preocc . by d . & s . , 1775 solanella boisduval , 1874 tabacella ( ragonot , 1879 ) ( gelechia ) sedate ( butler , 1880 ) ( gelechia ) epicentra meyrick , 1909 robusta povolny´ , 1989 sphenophora ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia )
gnorimoschema busck , 1900 gnorimochema dyar , [ 1903 ] , missp . lerupsia riedl , 1965 larupsia soffner , 1967 ventralella ( zeller , 1877 )
scrobipalpula povolny´ , 1964 acuta povolny´ , 1990 albolineata povolny´ , 1987 atra povolny´ , 1987 chiquitella ( busck , 1909 ) ( gnorimoschema ) conifera ( meyrick , 1916 ) ( chelaria ) crustaria ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) daturae ( zeller , 1877 ) ( doryphora ) densata ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gnorimoschema ) laciniosa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) ephoria ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( aristotelia ) falcate povolny´ , 1987 fjeldsai povolny´ , 1990 flava povolny´ , 1987 gregalis ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) gregariella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( lita ) hastata povolny´ , 1987 henshawiella ( busck , 1903 ) ( gnorimoschema ) ochreostrigella ( chambers , 1877 ) ( gelechia ) , preocc . ( not chambers , 1875 ) incerta povolny´ , 1989 ilyella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( lita ) incerta povolny´ , 1989 isochlora ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) latisaccula povolny´ , 1987 latiuncula povolny´ , 1987 megaloander povolny´ , 1987 melanolepis ( clarke , 1965 ) ( gnorimoschema ) motasi povolny´ , 1976 omicron povolny´ , 1987 pallens povolny´ , 1987 patagonica povolny´ , 1977 psilella ( herrich - schäffer , 1855 ) ( gelechia ) quinoae povolny´ , 1997 radiata povolny´ , 1987 rosariensis povolny´ , 1987 stirodes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) subtenera povolny´ , 1987 tenera povolny´ , 1987 transiens povolny´ , 1987 trichinaspis ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea )
keiferia busck , 1939 tildenia povolny´ , 1967 brunnea povolny´ , 1973 chloroneura ( meyrick , 1923 ) colombiana povolny´ , 1975 elmorei ( keifer , 1936 ) ( gnorimoschema ) funebrella povolny´ , 1984 griseofusca povolny´ , 1984 gudmanella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia ) n . comb . keiferioides ( povolny´ , 1987 ) ( scrobipalpula ) lobata povolny´ , 1990 lycopersicella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( eucatoptus ) lenta ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( phthorimaea ) lycopersicella ( busck , 1928 ) ( phthorimaea ) preocc . by walsingham , 1897 propria povolny´ , 1990 rusposoria povolny´ , 1979 subtilis povolny´ , 1984 vitalis povolny´ , 1990
chionodes , hübner , [ 1825 ] chionoda hübner , [ 1826 ] , missp . oxycryptis meyrick , 1912 argosema ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) consona ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) dryobathra ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) eburata ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) icriodes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) lacticoma ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) litigiosa ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) mediofuscella ( clemens , 1863 ) ( gelechia ) vagella ( walter , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) fuscoochrella ( chambers , 1872 ) ( gelechia ) liturosella ( zeller , 1873 ) ( gelechia ) rhedaria ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( gelechia ) pentadora ( meyrick , 1917 ) ( gelechia ) perissosema ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( gelechia ) salva ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( phthorimaea ) , repl . name leucocephala ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia ) , preocc . ( not lower , 1893 ) spiridoxa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia )
faculta busck , 1939 inaequalis ( busck , 1910 ) ( gelechia ) inaequalis ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) preocc . by busck , 1910 anisectis ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( gelechia ) clistrodoma ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( gelechia ) stegasta meyrick , 1904 biniveipunctata ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia ) bosqueella ( chambers , 1875 ) ( oecophora ) basqueella ( chambers , 1875 ) ( oecophora ) , missp . bosquella ( chambers , 1878 ) ( gelechia ) , emend . costipunctella ( moschler , 1890 ) ( gelechia ) capitella ( fabricius , 1794 ) ( alucita ) capitatus ( fabricius , 1798 ) ( ypsolophus ) , repl . name robustella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) rivulella ( moschler , 1890 ) ( gelechia ) comissata meyrick , 1923 donatella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) phalacra ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( gelechia ) postpallescens ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( gelechia ) scoteropis meyrick , 1931 zygotoma meyrick , 1917
untomia busck , 1906 acicularis meyrick , 1918 alticolens walsingham , 1911 alticolans meyrick , 1925 , emend . horista walsingham , 1911 juventella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( ypsolophus ) latistriga walsingham , 1911 melanobathra meyrick , 1918 rotundata walsingham , 1911
battaristis meyrick , 1914 duvita busck , 1916 acroglypta meyrick , 1929 amphiscolia meyrick , 1914 ardiophora meyrick , 1914 atelesta meyrick , 1914 bistrigella ( buskc , 1914 ) ( anacampsis ) concisa meyrick , 1929 coniosema meyrick , 1922 curtella ( busck , 1914 ) ( anacampsis ) emissurella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) severella ( walker , 1864 ) ( cryptolechia ) fuliginosa ( r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ) ( gelechia ) dorsalis ( busck , 1914 ) ( anacampsis ) astroconis ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( compsolechia ) ichnota meyrick , 1914 melanamba meyrick , 1914 nigratomella ( clemens , 1863 ) ( gelechia ) apicilinella ( clemens , 1863 ) ( gelechia ) apicistrigella ( chambers , 1872 ) ( parasia ) orthocampta meyrick , 1914 parazela meyrick , 1929 perinaeta ( walsingham , 1910 ) ( anacampsis ) prismatopa meyrick , 1914 rhythmodes meyrick , 1929 sphenodelta meyrick , 1922 stereogramma meyrick , 1914 symphora ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( untomia ) syngraphopa meyrick , 1922 syngraphora meyrick , 1925 , missp . synocha meyrick , 1922 tricentrota meyrick , 1931 unistrigella ( busck , 1914 ) ( anacampsis )
holophysis walsingham , 1910 hoplophysis mcd . , 1939 , missp . anoma walsingham , 1910 autodesma ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( zalithia ) auxiliaris ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( zalithia ) barydescma ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( zalithia ) quadrimaculata walsingham , 1910 stagmatophoria walsingham 1910 tentatella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) xanthostoma walsingham , 1910
chelariinae crasimorpha meyrick , 1923 infuscate hodges , 1963 peragrata meyrick , 1923 prostomeus busck , 1903 brunneus busck , 1903 hypatima hübner , [ 1825 ] chelaria haworth , 1828 hypatina stephens , 1835 , missp . allocota meyrick , 1904 cynestomorpha meyrick , 1904 deuteroptila meyrick , 1904 semodictis meyrick , 1909 allocotaniana strand , 1913 episacta turner , 1919 cellaria neave , 1939 , missp . cheleria lhomme , [ 1948 ] , missp . euchorda ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( chelaria ) hora ( busck , 1914 ) ( psoricoptera )
semophylax meyrick , 1932 apicepuncta ( busck , 1911 ) ( psoricoptera ) praesignis ( meyrick , 1913 ) ( anisoplaca ) apicipuncta ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( chelaria ) , emend .
sitotroga heinemann , 1870 silotroga kirby , 1871 , missp . nesolechia meyrick , 1921 syngenomictis meyrick , 1927 sitotrogus matsumura , 1931 , missp . sitotrega borg , 1932 , missp . sititroga costa lima , 1945 , missp . cerealella ( olivier , 1789 ) ( alucita ) hordei ( kirby , 1815 ) ( tinea ) arctella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) melanarthra ( lower , 1900 ) ( gelechia ) palearis ( meyrick , 1913 ) ( epithectis ) ochrescens ( meyrick , 1938 ) ( aristotelia ) coarctella zeller , 1877
dichomeridinae acompsia hübner , [ 1825 ] acampsia westwood , 1840 , missp . accompsia bruand , 1850 , missp . brachycrossata heinemann , 1870 brachicrossata hartmann , 1880 , missp . cathegesis walsingham , 1910 angulifera walsingham , 1897 psoricopterella ( walsingham , 1892 ) ( brachycrossata ) vinitincta ( walsingham , 1910 ) ( cathegesis )
anorthosia clemens , 1860 sagaritis chambers , 1872 , preocc . by billberg , 1820 [ crustacea ] anorthodisca gaede , 1937 , missp . capillata walsingham , 1911 punctipennella clemens , 1860 gracilella ( chambers , 1872 ) ( sagaritis )
helcystogramma zeller , 1877 ceratophora heinemann , 1870 chambersella ( murtfeldt , 1874 ) ( gelechia ) subalusella ( chambers , 1874 ) ( gelechia ) parvipulvella ( chamber , 1874 ) ( gelechia ) inaequepulvella ( chambers , 1875 ) ( gelechia ) subalbella ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( dichomeris ) , emend . subalbella meyrick , 1925 , emend . convolvuli ( walsingham , 1908 ) ( trichotaphe ) crypsilychna meyrick , 1914 dryadopa meyrick , 1918 effera ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( lecithocera ) emigrans ( meyrick , 1921 ) ( lecithocera ) cornuta ( busck , 1914 ) ( dichomeris ) n . comb . luminosa ( busck , 1914 ) ( dichomeris ) n . comb . leucopleura meyrick , 1914 perceptella ( busck , 1914 ) ( dichomeris ) n . comb .
brachmia hübner , [ 1825 ] braclunia stephens , 1834 , missp . cladodes heinemann , 1870 , preocc . by solier , 1849 [ coleoptera ] ceratophora heinemann , 1870 , preocc . by gray , [ 1835 ] [ reptilia ] eudodacles snellen , 1889 , repl . name aulacomima meyrick , 1904 apethistis meyrick , 1908 lyrella ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( dichomeris ) virescens walsingham , 1911 brachyacma meyrick , 1886 lathontogenes walsingham , 1897 paraspistes meyrick , 1905 lipatia busck , 1910 paraspistis busck , 1914 , missp . brachyaema povolny´ , 1964 , missp . lathontogonus diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , missp . brachiacma common , 1970 , missp . lathontogenes hodges , 1983 , missp . palpigera ( walsingham , 1891 ) ( gelechia ) adustipennis ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( lathontogenus ) iolocha ( meyrick , 1905 ) ( paraspistes ) crotalariella ( busck , 1910 ) ( lipatia ) epichorda turner , 1919
onebala walker , 1864 helcystogramma zeller , 1877 dectobathra meyrick , 1914 adaequata ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( helcystogramma ) adequate clarke , 1969 , missp . anisopa ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( anacampsis ) archigrapha meyrick , 1929 carycastis ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( helcystogramma ) cerinura ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( brachmia ) chalyburga ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( helcystogramma ) daedalea ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( dichomeris ) elliptica ( forbes , 1931 ) ( trichotaphe ) meconitis ( meyrick , 1913 ) ( trichotaphe ) ribeella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( helcystogramma ) rusticella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) sertigera ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( helcystogramma ) stellatella ( busck , 1914 ) ( dichomeris ) symbolica ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( helcystogramma ) tegulella ( walsingham , 1897 ) ( trichotaphe ) servilis ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( dichomeris ) trichocyma ( meyrick , 1923 ) ( brachmia )
deoclona busck , 1903 proclesis walsingham , 1911 lioclepta meyrick , 1922 deoclana fletcher , 1929 , missp . complanata ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( lioclepta ) eriobotryae busck , 1939 xanthoselene ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( proclesis ) xanthoselena meyrick , 1925 , emend .
adullamitis meyrick , 1932 adullanitis gaede , 1937 , missp . emancipate meyrick , 1932
anthistarcha meyrick , 1925 antistarcha costa lima , 1945 , missp . binocularis meyrick , 1929 geniatella ( busck , 1914 ) ( gelechia )
beltheca busck , 1914 anterethista meyrick , 1914 antherethista gaede , 1937 , missp . phosphoropa ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( anterethista ) picolella busck , 1914 heteractis ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( anterethista )
commatica meyrick , 1909 apopira walsingham , 1911 acropelta meyrick , 1914 bifuscella ( forbes , 1931 ) ( anacampsis ) chionura meyrick , 1914 crossotorna meyrick , 1929 cryptina ( walsingham , 1911 ) ( untomia ) cyanorrhoa meyrick , 1914 emplasta meyrick , 1914 eremna meyrick , 1909 extremella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) falcatella ( walker , 1864 ) ( gelechia ) rostella ( r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ) ( gelechia ) hexacentra meyrick , 1922 lupata meyrick , 1914 metochra meyrick , 1914 nerterodes meyrick , 1914 palirrhoa meyrick , 1922 parmulata meyrick , 1914 phanocrossa meyrick , 1922 placoterma meyrick , 1918 pterygota meyrick , 1929 servula meyrick , 1922 stygia meyrick , 1922 xanthocarpa meyrick , 1922
compsosaris meyrick , 1914 gompsosaris gaede , 1937 , missp . flavidella ( busck , 1914 ) ( recurvaria ) testacea meyrick , 1914
pavolechia busck , 1914 desmaucha meyrick , 1918 argentea busck , 1914 chrysostoma ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( desmaucha ) pelocnistis meyrick , 1932 xylozona meyrick , 1932 perioristica walsingham , 1910 chalcopera walsingham , 1910 phylopatris meyrick , 1923 terpnodes meyrick , 1923 promolopica meyrick , 1925 epiphantha meyrick , 1925 ptilostonuchia walsingham , 1911 ptilonostychia fletcher , 1929 , missp . plicata walsingham , 1911 satrapodoxa meyrick , 1925 regia ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( strobisia ) sclerograptis meyrick , 1923 oxytypa meyrick , 1923 simoneura walsingham , 1911 ophitis walsingham , 1911 sorotacta meyrick , 1914 bryochlora meyrick , 1922 viridans , meyrick , 1914 stachyostoma meyrick , 1923 psilodoxa meyrick , 1923 stagmaturgis meyrick , 1923 catharosema meyrick , 1923 steremniodes meyrick , 1923 sciactis meyrick , 1923 stereodmeta meyrick , 1931 xylodeta meyrick , 1931 stibarenches meyrick , 1930 bifissa meyrick , 1930 symphanactis meyrick , 1925 hetaera ( meyrick , 1914 ) ( ptocheuusa )
synactias meyrick , 1931 micranthis meyrick , 1931 tabernillaia walsingham , 1911 tabernillaea meyrick , 1925 , emend . ephialtes walsingham , 1911
tecia kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 fapua kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 lata kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 orsotricha meyrick , 1914 brachypsaltis meyrick , 1931 scrobischema povolny´ , 1980 albinervella ( kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 ) ( fapua ) arnicella ( clarke , 1942 ) confirmans strand , 1910 kiefferi kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 petasitis ( pfaffenzeller , 1867 ) petrella ( busck , 1915 ) solanivora ( povolny´ , 1973 ) subalbata ( meyrick , 1931 ) tetradymiella ( busck , 1903 ) venosa ( butler , 1883 ) mendozella kieffer & jörgensen , 1910 baccharisella ( brethes , 1917 ) ( holcocera ) vergarai ( povolny´ , 1980 ) ( scrobischema ) thrypsigenes meyrick , 1914 thripsigenes clarke , 1955 , missp . colluta meyrick , 1914 furvescens meyrick , 1914 trichembola meyrick , 1918 idiarcha meyrick , 1931 zelosyne walsingham , 1911 olga meyrick , 1915 poecilosoma walsingham , 1911 “gaea” lilloi köhler , 1941 , mispl .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant no . deb 416078 . any opinions , findings , and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the national science foundation .