nymphonidae is a family of sea spiders which has representatives in all the oceans .

this family contains some 250 species , most of which are found in the genus nymphon .

nymphonid bodies are between 1 and 15 mm long , the extent between the points of the legs reaching 150 mm .

most species are predators of hydroids .

nymphonidae

which taxonomic groups does the family nymphonidae belong to and what are the different nymphonidae genus ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the family nymphonidae belongs to and the taxonomic tree with all the different genus .
kento furui added the japanese common name
ユメムシ科
to
nymphonidae
.
which are the most common photographed nymphonidae genus ? below , you will find the list of genus commonly photographed by underwater photographers .
child ac ( 1995 ) antarcic and subantarctic pycnogonida iii . the family nymphonidae . in : cairns s ( ed ) antarctic and subantarctic pycnogonida : nymphonidae , colossendeidae , rhynchothoracidae , pycnogonidae , endeididae , and callipallenidae . american geophysical union , washington dc , pp 69–111
( ab292208 ) were obtained from ddbj / embl / genbank . these species belonging to callipallenidae and nymphonidae were used as out - group referring to the previous molecular phylogenetic studies (
child c . a . ( 1995 ) . antarctic and subantarctic pycnogonida . 3 . the family nymphonidae . biology of the antarctic seas xxiii . , 1 - 68 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
bamber , r . n . ; el nagar , a . & arango , c . p . ( eds ) ( 2018 ) . pycnobase : world pycnogonida database . nymphonidae wilson , 1878 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 1566 on 2018 - 07 - 09
monophyly of nymphonidae is better supported than that of the ammotheidae as shown in cladistic and molecular phylogenetic analyses ( arango , 2002 , 2003 ; arango and wheeler , 2007 ; nakamura et al . , 2007 ) . ascorhynchidae , which was originally established by hoek ( 1881 ) , is revived for the group including ascorhynchus and eurycyde isolated from the traditional ammotheidae ( nakamura et al . , 2007 ; bamber et al . , 2015 ) . chow et al . ( 2012 ) made the first molecular phylogenetic study including nymphonella ( n . tapetis from japan ) . their 18s rdna data strongly suggested a close affinity between nymphonella and ascorhynchus ; the position of nymphonella within ascorhynchidae however , was , not determined .
very large , as long as the three following segments together , neck short , frontal part greatly expanded . abdomen comparatively small and cylindrical .
well developed ; scape somewhat swollen at the tip ; hand very large , longer than the scape , almost bare , arcuate ; fingers elongated , as long as the palm , both incurved and with sharply pointed tips ; teeth on the inner margin of the immobile finger larger and less numerous than on the mobile finger .
slender , twice as long as the proboscis ; 2nd segment longer than the 3rd one , the two outer segments very slim and elongated , last segment the shortest .
with ten segments present in both sexes ; longer than the body length ; 4th and 5th segments equal in length , terminal part longer than the 5th segment , marginal spines stout , triangular acuminated , with more or less serrated edges .
colour reddish - yellow . length of the body up to 15 mm ; the extent between the points of the ambulatory legs reaching 150 mm .
scientific synonyms and common names nymphon strømii krøyer nymphon strömii krøyer phalangium marinum strøm nymphon grossipes abildgaard ( non fabr . ) nymphon giganteum goodsir
sars , g . o . , 1891 . pycnogonidea . the norwegian north - atlantic expedition , 1876 - 1878 , xx : 1 - 163 .
sorry , there are no other images or audio / video clips available for this species .
the sea spiders characteristic body form involves a cephalon and trunk comprising four body segments , each of which bears a pair of walking legs . in addition , the cephalon bears an anterior triradiate proboscis , and primitively a pair of chelifores , a pair of palps , and a pair of ovigerous legs ( ovigers ) , these last being a feature exclusive to the pycnogonida . dorsally , the cephalon primitively bears an ocular tubercle with four eyes . variations on this theme include atrophy or loss of chelifores , o palps and / or ovigers , and , particularly in deeper water forms , loss of eyes and even of the ocular tubercle . further , there are six polymerous species known , four having five pairs of legs and two having six pairs .
these relatively simple creatures with relatively small bodies and long legs , have gut diverticula extending into chelifores and along the legs , and the last trunk segment bears a small abdomen with a distal anus . sea spiders lack respiratory organs or structures , and gas exchange occurs through the cuticle ; recently woods et al ( 2017 ) demonstrated how sea spiders use gut movements for internal transport of oxygen .
where reproduction is known , the male carries the eggs attached to the ovigers , whence they hatch either as a protonymphon larva or as an advanced postlarva . a review of the different pathways of postembryonic development in pycnogonida is found in brenneis et al . ( 2017 ) . pycnogonids have no active dispersal ability , but some taxa , for example species of anoplodactylus and bathypallenopsis , are passively dispersed by medusa , achieving wide geographical distributions . the antarctic species nymphon australe is known as circumpolar , however , it is yet not clear what dispersal mechanisms are involved .
feeding is generally understudied , but appears to be restricted to sessile animals and , occasionally , algae : certain species from epizoic communities on rocks or algae are known to feed on bryozoans , cnidarians and filamentous algae . the diet of the many species collected from soft sediments is unknown . the biology of sea - spiders is markedly understudied . the most recent comprehensive review of their biology is by arnaud & bamber ( 1987 ) . extensive bibliographies are to be found in fry & stock ( 1978 ) and nakamura & child ( 1991 ) .
the fossil record is still sparse ( only four pycnogonid fossil records where known by early 2000s ) but new forms have described in recent years . so far , there is one known species from the upper ordovician ( ca . 450 ma ) , one from the lower silurian ( ca . 425 ma ) , five from the lower devonian hunsrück slate ( germany ) ( ca . 400 ma ) , and three from the jurassic ( 150 ma ) .
pycnobase is based on bamber’s ( 2007 ) attempt of a holistic interpretation of the pycnogonida classification , with subsequent amendments : notably , nymphonella moved to the ascorhynchidae , pycnofragilia added to the ascorhynchidae , and pycnosomia added to the phoxichilidiidae . however , these and other groupings are yet to be tested under a robust and comprehensive phylogenetic approach , in a follow up to the phylogeny in arango & wheeler ( 2007 ) .
it is evident from recent surveys , both from shallow waters and particularly in the deep sea , that numerous species of pycnogonid await discovery . at the same time , molecular analyses are indicating the existence of cryptic species in what had been thought to be widespread taxa . this database must therefore be a working document and it will certainly continue expanding , hopefully contributing to a better understanding of the world’s pycnogonids .
bamber , r . n . ; el nagar , a . & arango , c . p . ( eds ) ( 2018 ) . pycnobase : world pycnogonida database . accessed at urltoken on 2018 - 07 - 09
if any data constitutes a substantial proportion of the records used in secondary analysis , the editor ( c . arango ) or managers of the database should be contacted . in any case , there are additional data which may prove valuable to such analyses .
the site welcomes input from colleagues and visitors who detect errors or omissions . note that sadly , roger bamber passed away in february 2015 and aliya el nagar who played a key role developing the database is no longer associated to the maintenance of pycnobase . the current editor strives to maintain the website as both a comprehensive and an up - to - date resource through regular updates .
we are very grateful to david staples , franz krapp and yoshie takahashi for discussions and input ( and thereby improvements ) .
arango cp , wheeler wc . 2007 . phylogeny of the sea spiders ( arthropoda , pycnogonida ) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology . cladistics , 23 : 1–39 .
arnaud f & bamber rn . 1987 . the biology of pycnogonida . advances in marine biology , 24 : 1 - 96 .
bamber , rn . 2007 . a holistic re - interpretation of the phylogeny of the pycnogonida latreille , 1810 ( arthropoda ) . in : zhang , z . - q & shear , w . a . ( eds ) : linnean tercentenary . progress in invertebrate taxonomy . zootaxa , 1668 : 295 - 312 .
brenneis , g , bogomolova , e , arango , cp , krapp , f . 2017 . from egg to “no - body” : an overview and revision of developmental pathways in the ancient arthropod lineage pycnogonida . frontiers of zoology , 14 : 6 . doi 10 . 1186 / s12983 - 017 - 0192 - 2
dunlop ja , arango cp . 2005 . pycnogonid affinities : a review . journal of zoological systematics and evolutionary research , 43 : 8–21 .
fry wg & stock jh . 1978 . a pycnogonid bibliography . in , sea spiders ( pycnogonida ) . zoological journal of the linnean society of london , 63 ( 1 + 2 ) : 197 - 238 .
giribet g , edgecombe gd . the arthropoda : a phylogenetic framework . in : minelli
a , boxshall g , fusco g , editors . arthropod biology and evolution molecules , development , morphology . heidelberg : springer verlag ; 2013 . p . 17–40 .
nakamura k . & child c . a . 1991 . pycnogonida from waters adjacent to japan . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 512 : 74pp .
hansson , h . ( 2004 ) . north east atlantic taxa ( neat ) : nematoda . internet pdf ed . aug 1998 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
hedgepeth , j . w . 1949 report on the pycnogonida collected by the albatross in japanese waters in 1900 and 1906 . the proceedings of the united states national museum ( 98 ) : [ details ]
stock , j . h . , 1955 . pycnogonida from the west indies , central america and the pacific coast of north america . papers from dr th . mortensen ' s pacific expedition 1914 - 1916 . videnskabelige meddelelser fra dansk naturhistorisk forening i kjøbenhavn , 117 : [ details ]
bamber r . n . 2010 . sea - spiders ( pycnogonida ) of the northeast atlantic . keys and notes to the identification of species . the linnean society of london & the field studies council ; the dorset press . 250pp . [ details ]
hedgpeth , j . w . , 1948 . the pycnogonida of the western north atlantic and the caribbean . proceedings of the united states national museum , 97 ( 3216 ) : 157 - 342 ; 4 - 53 , 3 charts . [ details ]
jennifer hammock split the classifications by smithsonian type specimen data from nymphon to their own page .
c . michael hogan selected
description
to show in overview on
nymphon gracile leach , w . e . , 1814
.
c . michael hogan marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
nymphon gracile leach , w . e . , 1814
.
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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the edison - chouest offshore crew , raytheon personnel , and scientific participants of the asrv laurence m . gould in the 2004 and 2006 antarctic cruises ( lmg 04 - 14 and lmg 06 - 05 , respectively ) are gratefully acknowledged for their help and logistical support . this work was supported by a national science foundation grant to kmh ( opp - 0338218 ) and an australian biological resources study ( abrs ) grant to cpa ( 204 - 61 ) . this work is au marine biology program contribution # 41 .
supplementary figure 1 . bayesian analysis of combined coi + 16s collapsed haplotype dataset using the gtr + i + g model of substitution , displaying only the clade containing nymphon australe and the outgroup nymphon paucituberculatum . inset displays the entire tree topology . haplotype designations ( roman numerals ) correlate to data presented in figure 3 and supplementary table 3 ( eps 878 kb )
: growth rates of newly hatched larvae and juveniles . in : stanyck e ( ed ) reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates . university of south carolina press , columbia , pp 61–76
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nymphon gracile leach , 1814 : godet et al . ( 2010 ) [ statut pour la france métropolitaine ] godet , l . , le mao , p . , grant , c . & olivier , f . 2010 . marine invertebrate fauna of the chausey archipelago : an annotated checklist of historical data from 1828 to 2008 . cahiers de biologie marine , 51 : 147 - 165 .
national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
nymphon gracilipes miers , 1875 : miers ( 1875 ) : 76 . [ description originale ] miers , e . j . 1875 . descriptions of new species of crustacea collected at kerguelen ' s island by the rev . a . e . eaton . annals and magazine of natural history , 16 ( 91 ) : 73 - 76 . [ urltoken ]
miers ( 1875 ) : 76 . [ statut pour les îles subantarctiques ] miers , e . j . 1875 . descriptions of new species of crustacea collected at kerguelen ' s island by the rev . a . e . eaton . annals and magazine of natural history , 16 ( 91 ) : 73 - 76 . [ urltoken ]
munilla et al . ( 2009 ) : 104 . [ statut pour les îles subantarctiques ] munilla , t . , & soler membrives , a . 2009 . check - list of the pycnogonids from antarctic and sub - antarctic waters : zoogeographic implications . antarctic science , 21 ( 02 ) : 99 - 111 .
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author _ text : pushkin , a . f . , 1993 display _ name : nymphon pseudogracilis pushkin , a . f . , 1993 nomenclatural _ code : iczn scientific _ name : nymphon pseudogracilis source _ authority : col 2011 checklist valid _ catalog _ term _ fg : 1
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canonical name : nymphon pseudogracilis name string : nymphon pseudogracilis a . f . pushkin , 1993
barnes , 1968 elliot et al . , 1990 hayward and ryland , 1990 helfer , 1936 king and crapp , 1971 king , 1974 meisenheimer , 1928 sars , 1891
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the fauna wetland indicator species list ( wisl ) has been compiled to support the determination of whether a site is a wetland . wetland indicator species ( wis ) have adapted to living in wetlands and are dependent on them for all or part of their lives . some spend a major part of their life there , whereas others only use them for critical stages of their life cycle , such as breeding and larval development .
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species are dependent on water and need to be immersed in water , or floating upon water , for their total life cycle .
require water for most of their life cycle stages or for a critical stage in their development .
the wisl includes mainly the more common fauna species . most rare species and all vagrant fauna species have not been included . species , other than those listed , may also be wetland indicator species for a certain locality given expert recommendation and reliable site specific data .
most marine species are also not included in the wisl as the wetland definition excludes marine water more than 6m below low tide .
knowledge of the species geographic distribution and behaviour will aid interpretation of some recorded observations . expert advice may be required when wis are recorded in an area without other identifiable wetland characteristics as the species may be :
travelling between wetlands ( e . g . crayfish , eels , crocodiles and birds )
using adjacent non - wetland habitat for a period of their life cycle or lifestyle ( e . g . chelidae freshwater turtles laying eggs on dry ground )
forced into less preferred non - wetland habitat due to overpopulation pressures ( e . g . swamp rat ) .
the species groupings below are divided into subgroupings which contain species with similar habitat needs and behaviours . the wis lists have been grouped in 7 tables and are all at a species level except for insects and spiders .
there is little knowledge about queensland’s freshwater crustaceans . expertise should be sought when using class crustacea as a wetland indicator species as some species are considered amphibious during their life cycle and may appear outside the wetland environment .
this section includes only the macro freshwater crustacean species within class crustacea , order decapoda and family either palaemondae ( freshwater crabs ) or parastacidae ( freshwater crayfish ) .
all wild fish—chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fish ) and osteichthyes ( bony fish ) —recognised as recorded within queensland are considered to be wis , depending on their typical habitat’s physical characteristics as compared to those described in the queensland wetland program wetland definition .
the fish species in this list largely belong to the freshwater fish that are bed spawners ( demersal ) with the non - floating eggs sinking to the water column bed or adhering to submerged rocks or vegetation .
other fish ( diadromus ) are dependent on estuarine and lower freshwater habitat early in their life cycles . the free floating young then move from the estuarine to the marine environment for their mature lives either breeding at sea or returning to estuarine or freshwater environments to breed .
some species move downstream to breed in the brackish water or even seawater and then migrate upstream ( catadromous ) . examples of these are australian perch and barramundi .
more extensive queensland fish species lists are available from the department of agriculture and fisheries ) . queensland’s watercourses and estuaries are populated by freshwater and estuarine elasmobranchs ( rays , bull sharks , sawfish ) . the taxonomy , distribution and status of these creatures are poorly known and because of this expert guidance is essential if considering these as wetland indicator species .
note that species that may spend a part of their life in a marine environment are outside the scope of this guideline .
these creatures live most of their lives in aquatic ecosystems and are therefore considered wetland indicators .
frogs are amphibians , usually going through 3 distinct life cycle stages from eggs to aquatic larvae ( tadpole ) and air breathing adults . expert opinion should be sought as these animals may live at least one stage of their life cycle outside wetland habitats . the frog species selected for these lists are the most hydrophilic frog species whose life cycle fits within the queensland wetlands program wetland definition ( animals that are adapted to and dependent on living in wet conditions for at least part of their life cycle ) .
these frog species are considered to live an entirely aquatic life . one species is noted as being in seepage areas . as most members of the family microhylidae lay eggs on the land and are arboreal or terrestrial
these species do not spend all life stages ( egg , tadpole or maturity ) within the aquatic environment . these species can be indicators of wetland conditions , but require expert interpretation of their associations with wetlands .
for these species , the aquatic environment is essential for the early life stages ( egg and tadpole ) , and the mature stage is not aquatic but burrowed except for breeding events . therefore , these species are only an indicator for possible wetland conditions in the egg and tadpole stages , and during breeding events .
the birds listed in the following tables are selected for their close relationship with wetlands . to assist with identification , the lists have been divided into categories of species that share similar behaviour and habitats .
these lists include species that are easy to identify but are not complete lists of wetland species . uncommon and vagrant species are not included . it is important to note that some species in these lists may be recorded out of wetland habitats because they migrate or move during dry periods . this does not interfere with their status of wetland indicators but means that data used as wetland indication may require expert interpretation .
it is also important to recognise that while most wader birds breed in wetlands of the northern hemisphere , they remain faithful to wetland sites when in australia .
these species are wetland specialists but do not spend their entire life in the water environment .
download a list of all fauna wetland indicator species ( except insect and spider ) in . csv format
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we obtained the nucleotide sequence of 18s rdna of nymphonella tapetis , a pycnogonid endoparasitic on some bivalves , together with that of other species belonging to ascorhynchidae hoek , 1881 . the phylogenetic tree based on these sequences as well as those of selected species from a database strongly supports the monophyly of ascorhynchidae and the inclusion of nymphonella in the family . nymphonella seems to be an aberrant form in the ascorhynchidae , but multi - gene analysis with more species is required for the exact determination of the taxonomic position of the genus .
in this study we used the nucleotide sequences of 18s rrna with a selected taxon - sampling for analysis to discuss the taxonomic position of nymphonella in ascorhynchidae .
( adult male , off kii - nagashima , mie , no further data ) .
genomic dna was isolated from absolute ethanol - preserved specimens using ez1 dna tissue kit ( qiagen , valencia , ca , usa ) . depending of the size of specimens , a whole leg or a part of leg was cut off from body , and macerated with a plastic pestle in a
tube containing the lysis buffer ( buffer g2 ) and proteinase k . the tubes were then kept at
until the tissues were completely lysed . isolation of genomic dna was performed using ez1 advanced instrument ( qiagen ) according to the manufacturer’s instructions .
for pcr amplification , 10 ng of genomic dna was used for each reaction . amplification was made in a
for kod fx neo and 0 . 5 unit of dna polymerase ( kod fx neo ; toyobo , tokyo , japan ) . amplification of the 18s rrna region was carried out using primers 18su and 18sl (
. the dna fragments were separated with electrophoresed in a 0 . 7 % agarose gel , and were purified using qiaquick gel extraction kit ( qiagen ) . nucleotide sequences were determined with an abi 3730 dna analyzer ( applied biosystems , foster city , ca , usa ) using a bigdye terminator v3 . 1 cycle sequencing kit ( applied biosystems ) . sequences produced in this study are deposited in ddbj / embl / genbank as follows ;
) . there were a total of 1435 positions containing with gaps in the final dataset and missing data were eliminated . the evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum likelihood ( ml ) method based on the
with mega6 . initial tree for the heuristic search was obtained automatically by applying neighbor - joining ( nj ) and bionj algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the maximum composite likelihood approach , and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value . the tree is drawn to scale , with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site . ml bootstrap values were determined using 1000 replicates . we also performed the nj method (
) using same data set and calculated bootstrap values ( 1000 replicates ) . nucleotide sequences of 18s rrna from
the phylogenetic tree by the nucleotide sequences of 18s rrna using the ml method is shown in fig . 1 . the identical tree - topology was obtained with the nj method .
phylogenetic relationships of sea spiders deduced from the ml method using nuclear encoding 18s rdna gene partial sequences . the tree with the highest log likelihood
is shown . the sequences determined in the present study are indicated by closed circle . numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values of ml ( left ) and nj ( right ) analysis .
the traditional taxonomic system of pycnogonids was based on gross morphology , particularly the presence / absence of head appendages ( stock , 1994 ; bamber , 2007 ) . recent analyses using modern techniques , however , reveal that some of the families are apparently polyphyletic ( arango , 2002 , 2003 ; arango and wheeler , 2007 ; nakamura et al . , 2007 ) . isolation of ascorhynchus and eurycyde from their traditional placement in ammotheidae was well supported by morphology , molecules , and their combined analyses ( arango , 2002 ; arango and wheeler , 2007 ; nakamura et al . , 2007 ) .
nakamura et al . ( 2007 ) revived ascorhynchidae for the two genera although their tree showed a paraphyletic ascorhynchus . arabi et al . ( 2010 ) pointed out , however , that the paraphyletic pattern was due to the mis - rooting probably due to an inappropriate selection of out - group . in this study , the phylogenetic tree by the nucleotide sequences of 18s rrna shows a very high support for the ascorhynchus - eurycyd - clade both in the ml and the nj methods ( fig . 1 ) . the monophyly of the family was not strongly supported by 18s - based analyses of chow et al . ( 2012 ) . it was presumed that a high similarity of sequences of out - group species suppressed the probabilities and bootstrap values in their tree ( nei and kumar , 2000 ) .
in pycnogonids , the taxon sampling and the sequences are still not sufficient for a detailed phylogenetic reconstruction . in addition , more biological information is required for an appropriate evaluation on the evolution of their traits , e . g . , endoparasitism in n . tapetis .
the authors would like to thank dr . masato kiyomoto and dr . mamiko hirose , tateyama marine laboratory , marine and coastal research center , ochanomizu university for their kind assistance in providing some materials . this study was supported by jsps kakenhi grant - in - aid for scientific research ( b ) , no . 26292105 . this paper is dedicated to the memory of the late dr . roger n . bamber , a great inquirer of the various aspects in pycnogonid biology .
the last of the arctic voyages , being a narrative of the expedition of hms assitance . under the command of captain sir edward belcher
nouvelle signalisation du genre nymphonella ohshima à banyuls - sur - mer : nymphonella lecalvezi n . sp .
special section i : on marine cheliceriforms – in memory of roger bamber , from a symposium at the 8th international crustacean congress , 18 - 23 august 2014 , frankfurt am main , germany , guest - edited by claudia j . arango
oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide
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bore head was one of queensland ’s best staying thoroughbred racehorses with wins in five cups , the ipswich , queensland , caulfield , australian and doomben .

he was a bay colt foaled in 1959 by double bore ( gb ) , his dam , mauna kea was by brimstone ( gb ) .

bore head 's half brother hillside , by todman , was another useful galloper .

brother and sister robert chaplain and carmel burke owned hillside and bore head , trained by d. judd and ron dillon .

bore head won the 1963 queensland cup with fred clarke in the saddle , carrying just 7 stone 1 pound , defeating booberanna , 1964 ipswich cup ( dead-heat with isaacson ) , 1965 caulfield cup , 1965 qtc moreton handicap , 1965 qtc sir winston churchill stakes and in 1967 the australian cup and the doomben cup .

after winning the doomben cup bore head had a further 31 race starts without a victory .

after winning the 1965 caulfield cup , many thought he stood a good chance in the melbourne cup of that year ( won by light fingers , trained by bart cummings ) .

but he lost his chance when the horse in front of him fell , taking bore head and another horse down in a three-horse tumble .

jockey fred clarke was convinced that bore head was on his way to winning the cup that day .

the following year he placed twelfth in the race behind another cummings trained horse , red handed .

bore head

the diamond bore head is a component from the railcraft mod . this component is used to operate the tunnel bore properly . it is the piece that allows the bore to break blocks , like the iron bore head and the steel bore head . this bore head has a durability of 6000 , and allows the tunnel bore to mine obsidian . this head mines blocks 40 % faster than the iron bore head .
diamond bore head is an item added by the railcraft mod . it is a type of bore head , and each tunnel bore needs one of these to properly function . the diamond bore head has a durability of 6 , 000 ( enough for a tunnel bore to mine a 700 block - long passageway ) and can mine obsidian . the diamond bore head mines 40 % faster than the iron bore head .
the steel bore head is the next greatest bore head . it has 3000 uses , twice as many as the iron bore head , and breaks blocks 20 % faster . it can dig a tunnel more than 330 blocks long .
the diamond bore head is the best bore head available , costing 9 diamonds due to the diamond block in the crafting recipe . with 6000 uses , it can dig a tunnel more than 660 blocks long . also , it is 40 % faster than the iron bore head . this is the only bore head that can mine obsidian .
the iron bore head is the first tier of bore heads . it is the cheapest , yet the slowest and with the least durability . an iron bore head can dig 1500 blocks before breaking , enough to dig a tunnel more than 160 blocks long .
oops . . . there aren ' t any events involving bore head . you can help by contributing .
it goes in the head slot of the tunnel bore ' s gui . it will begin mining as soon as it has a head , tracks , fuel , and ballast .
oops . . . we don ' t have any stories , photos or videos about bore head . you can help by contributing .
. they are the components that allow the tunnel bore to dig . there are 3 types of bore heads : iron , steel , and diamond .
3 - point bore gaging system . . . for accurate and precise measurement of internal diameters .
throughout my childhood my mom packed boar ' s head sandwiches in my lunchbox . now , i am creating wonderful memories for my family by serving the same delicious boar ' s head sandwiches . it ' s a tradition built with love .
s head is proud to now be served in select supermarkets , gourmet stores and delicatessens throughout the usa and puerto rico .
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triga - bore is the result of over 30 years of design and manufacture of 3 - point bore gaging systems . ideal for solving internal diameter measurement problems on the shop floor and inspection areas , the system is available in a large measuring range for specific applications . mechanical and electronic dial gages as well as linear probes can be used as specified .
- true - bore heads have a large measuring range and are supplied with fixed anvils eliminating operator error . 24 heads cover . 236
- 7 . 87
( 6 - 200mm ) range .
we ' re a boar ' s head household . although i do all the grocery shopping for the family and all the cooking yet don ' t eat meat . i still buy the best for my family !
australia . title reads ' bore head wins in exciting finish ' . gv . crowded stands at caulfield racecourse , australia . various shots of racecourse crowds , boards , bookies . various shots from the starting stalls , the caulfield cup race gets under way . a close finish of the race showing bore head winning the race . ms . winner receiving the trophy . ( comb . f . g . ) date found in the old record 29 / 10 / 1965 . film id : 3140 . 27 a video from british pathé . explore our online channel , british pathé tv . it ' s full of great documentaries , fascinating interviews , and classic movies . urltoken for licensing enquiries visit urltoken british pathé also represents the reuters historical collection , which includes more than 120 , 000 items from the news agencies gaumont graphic ( 1910 - 1932 ) , empire news bulletin ( 1926 - 1930 ) , british paramount ( 1931 - 1957 ) , and gaumont british ( 1934 - 1959 ) , as well as visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1979 . all footage can be viewed on the british pathé website . urltoken
boar ' s head meats are the bomb ! i ' ve been eating them since i was a teenager . i love the roast beef and cajun turkey ! all of them actually . and their cheeses are equally good especially pepper jack and sharp cheddar ! huge fan . . .
regarded as the best handicap stayer produced in queensland winning five cups - ipswich , queensland , caulfield , australian and doomben . his overall record is unfair because he had 31 starts after taking the 1967 doomben cup without winning . he was placed in several other top staying races including the brisbane cup and moonee valley cup ( twice ) . however , his best effort was winning the 1965 caulfield cup when he spanked the ultimate melbourne cup runner - up ziema . his jockey fred clarke went to his grave swearing he would have won the 1965 melbourne cup had he not fallen . throughout bore head ' s career he was trained by r . dillon and d . judd .
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ham embodies the american epicurean spirit and honors the bourbon - making legacy this region is known for .
masterfully crafted and patiently smoked with reclaimed charred oak bourbon barrel wood chips for a refined bourbon flavor . view all recipes
uncured smoked ham pairs perfectly with a mildly sweet fig jam and sharp wisconsin cheddar for an unexpected twist on a breakfast classic .
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uncured smoked ham . the subtle notes of sweet and savory are sure to make it an instant favorite .
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- unique system design requires only two handles to accommodate the entire range of 24 heads .
- accurate calibration and linearity checks can also be made using flexbar ' s calibrated ring gages .
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9 jul - ftb continuum v1 . 4 . 0 beta * is now available on our launcher and twitch app ! changelogs / server files : … urltoken
5 jul - ftb revelation v2 . 2 . 0 beta * is now available on our launcher and twitch app ! changelogs / server files : … urltoken
20 jun - ftb horizons iii v1 . 8 . 0 beta * is now available on our launcher and twitch app ! changelogs / server files : … urltoken
20 jun - ftb revelation v1 . 2 . 0 beta * is now available on our launcher and twitch app ! changelogs / server files : … urltoken
14 jun - back in march , the ftb team travelled to los angeles to take part in the minefaire convention . there we showed off… urltoken
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