p. tihoni has a body plan that is intermediate to the generalized , fusiform ( torpedo-shaped ) type such as clarias species and the anguilliform ( eel-shaped ) type such as gymnallabes .

this species is known to grow up to 52.8 centimetres ( 20.8 in ) tl .

platyallabes tihoni

platyallabes tihoni is the only species in the genus platyallabes of catfishes of the family clariidae .
platyallabes tihoni is the only species in the genus platyallabes of catfishes ( order siluriformes ) of the family clariidae . this species is found in the malebo pool . p . more
platyallabes tihoni ( poll , 1944 ) - add this species to your
my cats
page . common name ( s ) none type locality kinshasa , zaire . more
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . fishstat . platyallabes tihoni ( dimensionmember ) . ( latest update : 27 nov 2013 ) accessed ( 9 jul 2018 ) . uri : urltoken
clariids , it is not as large as in platyallabes tihoni , where it is one of the diagnostic features for the genus and species ( devaere et al . , 2005a ) . although , figs 3 & 4 show two clear groups , which were tested significantly different , no new species is currently recognized . more
greek , platys = flat + greek , allabes , - etos = a fish of the nile , a kind of lamprey ( ref . 45335 )
africa : lower congo river basin and pool malebo ( stanley - pool ) ( ref . 78218 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 52 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3820 )
no real information available on the biology of this species . apparently live in crevices between stones and rocks where they burry themselves in the substrate ( ref . 78218 ) .
teugels , g . g . , 1986 . clariidae . p . 66 - 101 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels , mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 3820 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 35 of 100 ) .
528mm or 20 . 8
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
unpaired fins continuous , head very broad , paired fins well developed . color is blackish olve - grey , noticeably lighter and sometimes pink on the belly . the caudal fin is light red in color .
in ventral view especially , females are much broader in the body than males of equal age and rearing practices .
revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines v . 38 ( no . 1 ) , p 79 .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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brummett , r . , mbe tawe , a . n . , dening touokong , c . , reid , g . m . , snoeks , j . staissny , m . , moelants , t . , mamonekene , v . , ndodet , b . , ifuta , s . n . b . , chilala , a . , monsembula , r . , ibala zamba , a . , opoye itoua , o . , pouomogne , v . , darwall , w . & smith , k .
justification : there are currently no threats to the species known , and it is assessed as least concern . if the construction of inga 3 and grand inga , and the luozi mining project will be executed , the status of this species needs to be reassessed .
there are currently no threats to the species known . inga 1 and 2 are existing dams with a minimal impact . the possible future elaboration of the dam complex with inga 3 and later possibly grand inga will pose a great threat to the species that has a limited distribution to this region . given the restricted mainstream habitat and mainstream impacts such as pollution , it can be threatened in the future by mining in the luozi region . the key component of concrete is found in this region , and there is potential for mining in the area .
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the urltoken website brings together statistics , maps , pictures , and documents on food and agriculture from throughout the fao organization in one convenient location . this means that instead of searching multiple sites and sources , you will be able to go to one central place in order to collect or view the data that interests you . to assist in data retrieval , the site provides an efficient search engine as well as easy - to - use navigation menus .
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food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . 2012 . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy , fao .


scyllarides squammosus is a species of slipper lobster known as the ' blunt slipper lobster .

it is found throughout the indo-west pacific region .

specifically its range is from australia ( queensland , new south wales , west australia ) , japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia to east africa .

scyllarides squammosus has been found at depths from 7.5 m to 71 m.

scyllarides squammosus

worms - world register of marine species - scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 )
scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 ) – blunt slipper lobster , ula - päpapa
status in world register of marine species accepted name : scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 )
justification : scyllarides squammosus is listed as least concern . this species has a broad distribution and is harvested in only small parts of its range . ongoing fisheries in australia have stringent management controls in place .
fischer , w . & g . bianchi ( eds . ) ( 1984 ) . fao species identification sheets for fisheries purposes : western indian ocean . fao , rome . [ details ]
holthuis , l . b . 1991 . fao species catalogue . vol 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date . fao fisheries synopsis . 125 ( 13 ) : 292 p . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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batchelor , a . , de silva , r . , dyer , e . , kasthala , g . , lutz , m . l . , mcguinness , s . , milligan , h . t . , soulsby , a . - m . & whitton , f .
this species is distributed throughout the indo - west pacific region from east africa to japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia and australia ( queensland , new south wales , west australia ) ( holthuis 1991 , dewha 2009 ) . it is likely that this species has a wider distribution than is currently known . the type locality of this species is mauritius ( holthuis 1991 ) .
australia ( new south wales , queensland , western australia ) ; fiji ; indonesia ; japan ; kenya ; madagascar ; marshall islands ; mauritius ( mauritius ( main island ) ) ; mozambique ; new caledonia ; oman ; papua new guinea ( bismarck archipelago , north solomons , papua new guinea ( main island group ) ) ; seychelles ; solomon islands ; somalia ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; tuvalu ; united arab emirates ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; vanuatu ; wallis and futuna
there is insufficient population data available for this species . however , chan ( 1998 ) described it as ' apparently nowhere abundant in the western central pacific ' . comparatively , dinardo and moffitt ( 2007 ) state that it is currently the dominant lobster species in the northwestern hawaiian islands . the northwestern hawaiian islands populations of this species should be treated as one metapopulation ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
this nocturnal species inhabits reefs and rocky areas ( holthuis 1991 ) . it shelters during the day , and forages at night where it feeds mainly on bivalves ( chan 1998 , lavalli
2007 ) . it has a maximum total length of 40 cm , although usually only reaches 20 cm ( holthuis 1991 , chan 1998 ) . there are conflicting reports of the depth preferences of this species : dinardo and moffit ( 2007 ) suggest between 30 - 120 m , whereas holthuis ( 1991 ) and chan ( 1998 ) suggest a shallower range of 5 - 80 m . this is also reflected in the ' most common ' ranges , with 50 - 70 m and 20 - 50m , respectively .
this gregarious species attains sexual maturity at a carapace length of 6 . 6 - 6 . 7 cm , although variation was found between reefs ( hearn et al . 2007 , lavalli et al . 2007 ) . ovigerous females occur throughout the year with peak abundance between may and july , and their fecundity ranges from 54 , 000 - 227 , 000 eggs per female ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 , sekiguchi et al . 2007 ) . the phyllosoma of this species remain pelagic for 3 - 6 months prior to transforming into benthic juveniles ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
its large size and well developed fleshy tail make this species , like other species of the genus , a sought - after delicacy ( holthuis 1991 ) . below is a breakdown of use and trade within distinct parts of this species ' range .
in hawaii there has been a commercial lobster fishery in operation in the northwestern hawaiian islands ( nwhi ) for 20 years . the fishery has been primarily targeting this species and the spiny lobster (
) . landings of all species were showing reductions , and in 2000 the nwhi fishery was closed as a precautionary measure due to increasing uncertainty of the population models used to assess stock status . later on that year , the northwestern hawaiian islands coral reef ecosystem reserve was established . this may prohibit commercial lobster fishing in the nwhi indefinitely ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) . for catch data from the nwhi fishery whilst it was in operation see dinardo and moffitt ( 2007 ) .
in 1997 , the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) , authorised a developmental trap fishery in southeast queensland . the fishery was specifically targeting this species and
spp . ) resource existed in the waters to the south of the great barrier reef marine park ( gbrmp ) . prior to that time these species were landed only as a minor by - catch of prawn and scallop trawl fisheries ( these species have now been removed from the
permitted trawl species
able to be retained by trawl fishers ) ( sumpton
development of this trap fishery began in july 1999 , and was monitored for an initial period ending june 2003 . participants in the fishery required a permit that was renewed annually ( subject to satisfactory performance by the permit holders ) . however , by 2004 there were no active harvesting permits and further development of the fishery was awaiting discussions between fisheries managers and stakeholders ( sumpton
spp . have been caught . to some extent this was a result of the fishery ' s limitations to trawl relatively shallow depths < 200 m , which is not the preferred habitat of many of the species capable of entering baited traps ( sumpton
, coutures and chauvet 2003 ) . this is achieved by diving with a water torch over the reefs ( coutures and chauvet 2003 ) . the catch - per - unit - effort ( cpue ) data for these fishermen was found to be 1 . 32 kg / fisherman / night , although this increased to 2 . 16 kg kg / fisherman / night for more efficient fishermen ( coutures and chauvet 2003 ) .
the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) considers that the fishery does not pose a significant threat to the sustainability of this species . the fishery landed less than 5 tonnes of slipper lobster each year between 1998 and 2001 , and in 2002 / 2003 no slipper lobsters were landed ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
the northwestern hawaiian islands ( nwhi ) coral reef ecosystem reserve was established in 2000 which may prohibit commercial lobster fishing in the nwhi indefinitely , therefore this fishery does not pose a continuing threat to this species ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
a decline in global captures of scyllaridae has been documented , although information on specific species is lacking ( spanier and lavalli 2007 ) .
the management plan of the hawaiian fishery incorporated closed seasons , minimum size limits , no retention of egg bearing females , the incorporation of escape vents in pots , accurate recording of log data , and revised yearly quotas ( pooley and kawamoto 1998 , sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
in the event that the trap fishery in southeast queensland progresses beyond developmental status , a formal process would be undertaken to develop appropriate management strategies . within the area of the fishery , a number of closed waters have been declared under the fisheries regulations 1995 , and no fishing is allowed in the great barrier reef marine park ( gbrmp ) . all commercial fishers in queensland have a legal obligation to provide information about their fishing activity via daily logbook reporting ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
it is prohibited to take berried females or setose females ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
as the queensland trap fishery is only operated on a very limited developmental scale ( a time frame of only four years ) , the lobster stocks are not likely to have been seriously affected . the current permit conditions provide the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) with extensive powers to ensure the sustainable management of the fishery . it allows them to suspend or cancel permits if a deleterious effect on stocks of slipper and spiny lobster , or any other fish species ( including bycatch and byproduct ) has been caused , or is imminent , or may reasonably be expected due to activities under the permit ' ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) . for a comprehensive report on the queensland developmental trap fishery , see sumpton et al . ( 2004 ) .
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with three red spots , one rather ill - defined in the middle , and two more distinct laterally ; seldom the three are fused to a single broad spot . outline of posterior margin of the
habite l ' île - de - france
( = mauritius ) . type in
habitat in oceano australiori . mus . dom . banks
. type lost .
indo - west pacific region : from east africa to japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia and australia .
in depths of
a few fathoms
to about 80 m , most common between 20 and 50 m . on reefs and rocky areas . nocturnal .
make this species , like other species of the genus , a sought - after delicacy . it is scarce and lives in inaccessible places and therefore is not commercially fished . the animals are mostly taken by hand usually at night , but also wire traps are used . they are sold fresh on the local markets .
fischer , w . and g . bianchi ( eds ) , 1984 . fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . western indian ocean ( fishing area 51 ) , vol . 5 : pag . var .
holthuis , l . b . and t . sakai . 1970 . ph . f . von siebold and fauna japonica . a history of early japanese zoology : 18 pp , 1 - 323 , pls 1 - 32 , 7 unnumbered pls , 1 map
milne edwards , h . , 1837 . histoire naturelle des crustacés , comprenant l ' anatomie , la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux , 2 : 1 - 532 , atl . pl . 1 - 42 , 1 - 32 .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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holthuis , l . b . 1991 ,
fao species catalogue . vol . 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date
, fao fisheries synopsis , vol . no . 125 , 13 , pp . i - viii , 1 - 292
miers , e . j . 1882 ,
on some crustaceans collected at mauritius
, proceedings of the zoological society of london , vol . 1882 , pp . 339 - 342 pl . 20 , 538 - 543 pl . 36
milne edwards , h . 1837 , vol . 2 , pp . 532 pp . , atlas 32 pp . , 42 pls , libraire encyclopedique de roret , paris
de haan , w . 1841 ,
crustacea
, ed . von siebold , p . f . ( ed . ) , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823–1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit , pp . 1 - 243 pls a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . tab . 2 , lugundi - batavorum , leiden
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3df778c7 - 7be1 - 4299 - 9cbc - 1863a7282399
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6c1c4fe3 - 6de0 - 452b - 9df8 - 729b5b0b004f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d70af230 - ed62 - 49ed - 80ea - 471d9a5747f8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2d6b407b - 388d - 4ab1 - 84f8 - 9e52de5199e5
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 417880
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macotasa suffusus is a moth of the family erebidae .

it was described by talbot in 1926 .

it is found on borneo .

the habitat consists of lowland to lower montane forest types .

macotasa suffusus

macotasa suffusus ; [ mob7 ] : 305 , pl . 3 , f . 50
tigrioides suffusus talbot , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 ( 2 ) : 132
tigrioides suffusus talbot , 1926 , sarawak mus . j . , 3 ( 2 ) : 132 .
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this and the next two species are very similar externally . m suffusus resembles m . biplagella butler in having a straw yellow forewing ground colour and , in males , a rectangular black mark on the forewing costa . in m . tortricoides walker the ground colour is fawn and the costal black mark is triangular . in the male genitalia the uncus is bifid in suffusus and biplagella but entire in tortricoides and allies . males of suffusus differ from those of biplagella in having a dark zone at the base of the forewing dorsum and a curved , pale rufous line from the costal rectangle towards the centre of the margin , stopping 3mm short of it . the females of the two species are more similar , but the blackish triangle on the forewing costa is more prominent in suffusus ; in the genitalia the base of the ductus is expanded and folded rather than simple and squarish .
macotasa nubecula ( moore , 1879 ) = cossa nubecula moore , 1879 = ilema costalis ( moore , 1878 ) .
macotasa nubeculoides holloway , 1982 ; in barlow , intr . moths of south east asia . taxonomic app . : 209 ; tl : w . malaysia
macotasa nubeculoides ; [ mob7 ] , 306 ( note ) ; dubatolov , 2012 , euroasian ent . j . 11 ( 6 ) : 511 ( note )
macotasa ( lithosiini ) ; [ mob7 ] , 305 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43
macotasa nubecula ; [ mob7 ] , 306 ( note ) ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 44
macotasa sumatrana dubatolov & bucsek , 2014 ; amurian zool . j . 6 ( 2 ) : 176 ; tl : n . sumatra , pokkat , 98°33 ' e 2°10 ' n , 1600m
macotasa biplagella ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 25 , pl . 2 , f . 14 [ ? oecophora biplagella walker . ms ] ; [ mob7 ] : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 52
macotasa orientalis ; dubatolov , 2012 , euroasian ent . j . 11 ( 6 ) : 512 ; [ mob7 ] : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 51 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 44
macotasa nedoshivinae dubatolov , 2012 ; euroasian ent . j . 11 ( 6 ) : 511 , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : vietnam , dong nai , vinh cuu nat . res . , ma da , rang rang , 11 . 34704°n , 107 . 01208°e
select a genera poliosia hampson - poliosia muricolor walker - poliosia quadrifida sp . n . - poliosia bifida sp . n . - poliosia sp . 5463 - poliosia marginata hampson - poliosia pulverea hampson - poliosia concolora sp . n . lambula walker - lambula fuliginosa walker - lambula errata eecke - lambula pallida hampson nishada moore - nishada chilomorpha adunca ssp . n . - nishada rotundipennis walker - nishada syntomiodes walker - nishada sambara moore tigrioides butler - tigriodes sabulosalis walker - tigrioides leucanioides walker - tigrioides puncticollis butler - tigrioides antipulvereola sp . n . mithuna moore - mithuna quadriplagoides sp . n . - mithuna fuscivena hampson stenaulis hampson - stenaulis discalis walker macotasa moore - macotasa suffusus talbot - macotasa biplagella butler - macotasa tortricoides walker - macotasa orientalis hampson teulisna walker - teulisna curviplaga rothschild comb . n - teulisna tumida walker - teulisna chiloides walker - teulisna pseudochiloides sp . n . - teulisna plagiata walker comb . rev . - teulisna quadratella sp . n . - teulisna reflexa sp . n . - teulisna tricornuta sp . n - teulisna nigricauda holloway - teulisna pallidicauda sp . n . - teulisna macropallida sp . n . - teulisna harmani sp . n . - teulisna nebulosa walker comb . n . - teulisna divisa walker comb . n . - teulisna montanebula sp . n . - teulisna uniplaga hampson comb . rev . - teulisna steineri sp . n . thysanoptyx hampson - thsanoptyx oblonga butler stat . rev . eilema hubner - eilema prabana moore - eilema costalboides sp . n . - eilema plumbeomicans hampson - eilema flavicosta moore - eilema fasciculosa walker - eilema decreta butler - eilema monochora turner stat . rev . - eilema pulvereola hampson - eilema sandakana draudt stat . n . - eilema brevivalva sp . n . - eilema trimacula sp . n . - eilema pseudocretacea sp . n . - eilema longpala sp . n . - eilema females - eilema sp . burnia moore gen . rev . - burnia antica walker comb . rev . - burnia sarawaca butler stat . rev . - burnia apicalis walker comb . n - burnia nebulifera hampson comb . n mantala walker - mantala tineoides walker euconosia watson - euconosia aspera walker - euconosia xylinoides walker stat . rev . - euconosia obscuriventris sp . n . pseudoscaptia hampson - pseudoscaptia rothschild draudt
macotasa tortricoides ; dubatolov , 2012 , euroasian ent . j . 11 ( 6 ) : 511 ( note ) ; [ mob7 ] : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 2e , 49 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 44
this species and biplagella are only known from borneo , whereas tortricoides is related to m . nubecula moore ( india to burma and andamans ) and m . nubeculoides holloway ( peninsular malaysia , sumatra , java , bali ) .
the species is frequent to common in a range of lowland to lower montane forest types .
teulisna biplagella butler , 1877 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1877 : 355 ; tl : sarawak
borneo , java , bali , nilgiris , china ( fukien ) . see [ maps ]
lithosia tortricoides walker , 1862 ; j . proc . linn . soc . ( zool . ) 6 : 107 ; tl : sarawak
phaeosia dimorpha hampson , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 98 ; tl : philippines , luzon , mt makiling
burma , peninsular malaysia , borneo , vietnam , thailand , singapore . see [ maps ]
= ; dubatolov , 2012 , euroasian ent . j . 11 ( 6 ) : 512
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
beiträge zur kenntnis der arctiidae ostasiens unter besonderer berücksichtigung der ausbeuten von dr . h . c . h . höne aus diesem gebiet . iii . teil : lithosiinae
new lithosiinae ( lepidoptera , arctiidae : lithosiinae ) species collected by a . schintlmeister in indonesia
walker , 1862 catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at sarawak , in borneo , by mr . a . r . wallace , with descriptions of new species j . proc . linn . soc . ( zool . ) 6 : 82 - 145 , 171 - 198
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datnioides microlepis , also known as the indonesian tiger datnoid , indo datmoid , indonesian tigerfish , or finescale tigerfish , is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the malay peninsula and indonesia ( sumatra and kalimantan ) .

previous records from the chao phraya and mekong rivers is due to confusion with the d. pulcher ( siamese tigerfish ) , which was included in d. microlepis until 1998 .

it reaches up to 45 cm ( 1 ft 6 in ) in length .

this fish is commonly seen in the aquarium trade , and often is seen when juvenile about 3 – 4 in ( 8 – 10 cm ) long .

datnioides microlepis

i am looking for datnioides pulcher . i like this one my phone is 6465933435 , usa
datnioides : from the genus name datnia and ancient greek εἶδος  ( eîdos ) , meaning ‘form , likeness’ .
microlepis : from the ancient greek μικρός  ( mikrós ) , meaning ‘small’ , and λεπίς  ( lepís ) , meaning ‘scale’ .
in the ornamental trade d . microlepis is the most widely available tiger perch and is sometimes sold as d . pulcher in order to raise prices , since the latter is considered critically endangered in the wild and may already be extirpated from thailand . both species are also fished for human consumption .
there are additional differences in colour pattern and meristic characters , and in practice it is difficult to confuse d . microlepis with any species other than d . pulcher , these two having been considered conspecific prior to 1998 . in principle they can be separated by the number of dark body bars , but this observation appears to be based solely on specimens from borneo with the colour pattern of sumatran and malaysian populations undocumented . adult individuals can usually be separated on the basis of base body colour , which tends towards orangey - brown in d . pulcher , dirty yellowish - grey in d . microlepis .
following kottelat ( 2001 ) , the genus datnioides is diagnosed by the following combination of characters : second spinous anal - fin ray longer than the first and third rays ; presence of fine teeth and 2 - 3 blunt spines on the edge of the opercle ; 50 + lateral line scales ; barred colour pattern .
datnioides spp . typically produce a lot of waste so the use of large external filters is essential . if possible buy units with built in heaters or at least fit a sturdy heater - guard since adults have been known to damage submerged equipment . sump systems also work well , and the heater can be housed within .
they do not travel well and can be tricky to stabilise post - import , often refusing to feed and continuously exhibiting a colour pattern indicative of stress but also displayed at night . in d . microlepis the dark body bars fade , leaving only the margins or a series of spots distinctly visible , with the majority of the body greyish , brownish , or blackish .
members were included in the genus coius during the 1990s , but coius is now considered to be a synonym of the genus anabas ( kottelat , 2000 ) . the former family name coiidae is thus a synonym of anabantidae , and datnioides species comprise the monotypic family datnioididae . the genus has also been included in the marine tripletail family lobotidae in the past , and preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship these two groups .
d . microlepis is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters : presence of 6 - 7 wide dark bars on the body , the first of which usually continues uninterrupted across the opercle , onto the thoracic region , and across the ventral surface of the body ( vs . 4 - 5 wide bars in d . pulcher ; 4 - 6 wide bars with diffuse margins in d . campbelli ; up to 7 bars , sometimes with 1 - 4 smaller bars between in d . polota ; 4 relatively thinner bars , first bar sometimes not continuous on operculum , not usually extending onto thoracic region or ventral surface of body , sometimes a single , additional partial bar in d . undecimradiatus ) ; a distinct black marking immediately anterior to the pelvic - fin base ( vs . no such marking in d . undecimradiatus ) ; body scales small , with 70 - 100 in the lateral series ( vs . large , 40 - 60 in the lateral series in d . polota and d . campbelli ) ; predorsal profile almost straight ( vs . distinctly concave in d . polota and d . campbelli ) .
asia : chao phraya basin , mekong basin of mainland southeast asia , kapuas basin in western borneo and musi basin in sumatra ( ref . 10425 ) . protected in thailand ( ref . 12217 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 45 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7050 ) ; max . published weight : 10 . 0 kg ( ref . 9497 )
has the deepest body of any species of coius , 2 . 1 - 2 . 4 times in sl . specimens from mainland southeast asia invariably with five full bars , specimens from borneo with 6 - 7 bars , all usually continued across ventral surface of body . first bar extending uninterrupted and undiminished across opercle and onto thoracic region , and continued across ventral surface of body ; a well defined black mark on ventral surface of body immediately anterior to base of pelvic fins ( not present in other coius ) . partial bars almost invariably absent . branched dorsal rays 14 - 18 ; branched anal rays 9 - 11 , usually 10 ( ref . 10425 ) .
inhabits freshwater rivers , lakes and reservoirs , frequenting areas with a lot of submerged branches , such as flooded forests ( ref . 12693 ) . adult fish feed on small shrimps , fish fry and small fishes while young individuals take zooplankton ( ref . 6459 ) . also feeds on crabs , worms and insect larvae ( ref . 12693 ) and plants ( ref . 56749 ) . esteemed food fish which is marketed fresh and often seen in aquarium trade ( ref . 12693 ) .
roberts , t . r . and m . kottelat , 1994 . the indo - pacific tigerperches , with a new species from the mekong basin ( pisces : coiidae ) . ichthyol . explor . freshwat . 5 ( 3 ) : 257 - 266 . ( ref . 10425 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01995 ( 0 . 00906 - 0 . 04395 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 83 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 6 ±0 . 55 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( fec = 30 , 000 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 42 of 100 ) .
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apparently restricted to the malay peninsula and western indonesia , where it is known from the perak and selangor river systems in peninsular malaysia , batang hari and musi watersheds in sumatra , and kapuas basin in kalimantan ( indonesian borneo ) . it is unclear whether its range extends into peninsular thailand , while records from the chao phraya and mekong river basins refer to the congener d . pulcher .
an exclusive inhabitant of large , deep , typically lowland freshwater rivers , and not thought to enter brackish environments . it has been collected from flooded forests during the annual wet season .
juveniles and subadults should be provided with a well - decorated , planted aquarium with driftwood roots and branches . larger individuals are relatively unfussy , although some surface cover in the form of floating or overhanging vegetation or branches is appreciated . the addition of marine salt is not required at any life stage .
an efficient , largely piscivorous , predator with highly protrusible mouthparts . in the aquarium , juveniles can be offered chironomid larvae ( bloodworm ) , small earthworms , chopped prawn , and suchlike , while adults will accept strips of fish flesh , whole prawns , mussels , live river shrimp , larger earthworms , etc . older individuals do not require feeding on a daily basis , with 2 - 3 times per week sufficient .
this species should not be fed mammalian or avian meat such as beef heart or chicken since some of the lipids contained in these cannot be properly metabolised by the fish and may cause excess fat deposits and even organ degeneration . similarly , there is no benefit in the use of ‘feeder’ fish such as livebearers or small goldfish , which carry with them the risk of parasite or disease introduction and tend not have a high nutritional value unless properly conditioned beforehand .
can be maintained alongside similarly - sized fishes if sufficient space is available , but might be intimidated by territorial or otherwise competitive species .
although juveniles may form groups , adults are not gregarious and tend to respond aggressively to conspecifics and similarly - shaped fishes . they are best maintained singly or in a group of 5 or more individuals .
unrecorded in captivity . observations by local fishermen in the kapuas river suggest it to be non - migratory , spawning in april and may , with no parental care .
in aquarium literature this species is also referred to as ‘fine scaled tiger fish’ , ‘indonesian tiger fish ( or ‘it’ ) ’ , ‘sumatran tiger fish’ , ‘indo datnoid’ , ‘indo dat’ , and ‘false siamese tiger fish’ . the common name of ‘tiger fish’ is also used in reference to the african alestid genus hydrocynus , therefore the more appropriate ‘tiger perch’ was suggested by roberts and kottelat ( 1994 ) .
bleeker , p . , 1854 - natuurkundig tijdschrift voor nederlandsch indië v . 5 : 427 - 462 zevende bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van borneo . zoetwatervisschen van sambas , pontianak en pangaron .
hashim , z . h . , r . y . zainuddin , a . s . r . md . shah , s . a . m . sah , m . s . mohammad , and m . mansor , 2012 - check list 8 ( 3 ) : 408 - 413 fish checklist of perak river , malaysia .
kottelat , m . , 2001 - wht publications , colombo : 1 - 198 fishes of laos .
kottelat , m . , 2013 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement 27 : 1 - 663 the fishes of the inland waters of southeast asia : a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters , mangroves and estuaries .
kottelat , m . , 2000a - journal of south asian natural history 5 ( 1 ) : 83 - 90 notes on taxonomy , nomenclature and distribution of some fishes of laos .
kottelat , m . , 2000b - journal of south asian natural history 5 ( 1 ) : 91 - 94 the type species of the genus - group names coius hamilton , 1822 and datnia cuvier , 1829 and the type - genus of the family - group name datnioididae bleeker , 1858 .
kottelat , m . and e . widjanarti , 2005 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement 13 : 139 - 173 the fishes of danau sentarum national park and the kapuas lakes area , kalimantan barat , indonesia .
rainboth , w . j . , 1996 - rome , fao : 1 - 265 fao species identification field guide for fishery purposes . fishes of the cambodian mekong .
roberts , t . r . , 1989 - memoirs of the california academy of sciences no . 14 : i - xii + 1 - 210 the freshwater fishes of western borneo ( kalimantan barat , indonesia ) .
roberts , t . r . and m . kottelat , 1994 - ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 5 ( 3 ) : 257 - 266 the indo - pacific tigerperches , with a new species from the mekong basin ( pisces : coiidae ) .
tan , h . h . and m . kottelat , 2009 - ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 20 ( 1 ) : 13 - 69 the fishes of the batang hari drainage , sumatra , with description of six new species .
betta fish care infographic , a handy cheat sheet that will benefit any keepers of siamese fighting fish .
fish tank care . guide to fish care with a simple look at aquarium filtration , how to clean a fish tank , and a fish tank maintenance schedule .
piranhas , one of the most efficient predators with razor sharp teeth and a ferocious nature . piranha fish species , description , information , habitat , and more !
setting up a saltwater aquarium . guide to marine supplies , putting the aquarium together , cycling the aquarium water and adding fish !
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we have two large iridescent sharks we are looking to find another home for . our tank is too small and they are very large . do you have a big tank ? do you know they can grow 3 - 4 feet ? where are you located ?
looking for medaka rice fish . what ever species you may have for sale .
i ' m looking to but a balloon kissing gourami . any idea where i can get one ?
i like that fish so much . but i wonder where can i find that siamese tiger fish . john tang
has been a standard in the aquarium industry for decades . it is a large , very attractive , deep bodied aquarium fish . its coloration is a golden body contrasted with bold black bands . it can reach up to 18 inches ( 45 cm ) in length , though in the aquarium they generally only get 9 to 12 inches ( 20 - 30 cm ) . this beautiful fish is a great addition to any large tank containing relatively non - aggressive , predatory fish
the siamese tiger fish is one of the most handsome large fish in the aquarium hobby , especially with its brilliant coloration when young . they come from the coastal rivers and swamps of southeastern asia . as a general rule , the number of bars on the fish will tell you its approximate origin . fish collected from mainland southeast asia usually have 5 full bars and ones collected from borneo or sumatra usually have 6 to 7 full bars .
this fish has long been a favorite species for the large predatory fish tank , especially in asia . even though the price remains relatively high , the popularity of this gold datnoid endures . in recent years there has been a surge in popularity in europe and the united states as well . the gold datnoid is known by quite a number of equally descriptive names ranging from siamese tiger fish , indonesian tiger fish , finescale tigerfish , gold datnoid , gold tiger datnoid , finescale tigerfish , yellow tiger fish , to the black barred tiger fish .
the siamese tiger fish is one of two commonly available datnoids , or
dat ' species . the other is the silver tigerfish or four - barred tigerfish
will also occasionally show up , and when it does it commands a very high price . a fourth species , the wide bar tigerfish or wide bar dat
, frequently called the siamese tigerfish and siamese tiger perch , is much sought after but is quite rare .
these datnoid species can get confused and are sometimes mislabeled in pet stores . however they can easily be distinguished with a bit of close observation . for fish identification of these datnoids by their distinguishing features . see the discussion below under
description
.
and the family coiidae by roberts and kottelat in 1994 . kottelat again revised the genus in 2000 to its current classification of
and the family datnioididae . other common names it is known by include indonesian tiger fish , finescale tigerfish , gold datnoid , gold tiger datnoid , finescale tigerfish , yellow tiger fish , and black barred tiger fish .
this species is found on the southeast mainland of asia in the mekong basin , the chao phraya river basin in the center of thailand , the musi basin in sumatra , the kapuas basin in western borneo , and in cambodia . the origin of this fish can be determined by the number of bars on the fish . fish from southeast asia will normally have 5 bars and the ones from borneo and sumatra will usually have 6 to 7 bars .
these fish are not listed on the iucn red list , but may be endangered in many regions from capturing them for food fish and the aquarium industry . it is said to possibly be extinct in the chao pharya river basin in thailand .
the indonesian tiger fish inhabits large bodies of waters such as lakes , reservoirs , and rivers . it dwells among submerged trees and roots . the young will eat zooplankton , but as they mature their diet becomes fish fry and small fishes , small shrimps , crabs , worms , and insect larvae . they possibly eat some plant matter as well .
the siamese tiger fish is a deep bodied fish with a sharply slanted forehead . it has a golden toned body with black vertical bars . they are usually full bars extending across the entire body . depending upon the geographic location , they can have between 5 and 7 bars . these fish can get up to at least 18 inches ( 45 cm ) in length in the wild . this size is rare in home aquariums however . in captivity they will generally generally only reach between 9 to 12 inches ( 20 - 30 cm ) . they have a life span of about 15 years .
the silver tigerfish is distinguished from the other species by its silver body coloration . it also has more of a
bullet
body shape and up to 7 full black bars , often with 1 to 4 partial bars in between the full bars . this species naturally occurs in brackish waters , which has led to a common misconception that all tiger fish species are brackish .
the new guinea tigerfish will occasionally show up , and when it does it commands a very high price . it is easily distinguished from the other
species by its intense gold body color with indistinct black bars that are irregular and variegated .
the wide bar tigerfish is quite rare but much sought after in the hobby . it is also frequently called the siamese tigerfish . being very similar in appearance to
, the two are easily confused , which is further complicated by the cross - over use of the same common name . the wide bar tigerfish is easy to distinguish however . the wide central black band on the
17 . 7 inches ( 45 . 01 cm ) - rarely grow that large in captivity . usually reach between 9 to 12 inches ( 20 - 30 cm ) in the aquarium .
15 years - these fish are quite long lived , with a life span of 10 years or longer .
the siamese tiger fish is suggested for a more experienced fish keeper . they are a large predatory fish , though relatively peaceful with similar types of fish . however they need a large tank to live in and these fish demand pristine waters . they can also be difficult to feed . these fish can take a great amount of space and pose a great financial responsibility .
indonesian tiger fish are primarily carnivores . they are a predator that in the wild primarily feeds on fish fry and small fishes , small shrimps , crabs , worms , and insect larvae . in the aquarium their main diet consists of smaller fish although they can sometimes be coaxed into eating shrimp , worms or insects . one look at their large mouth will tell you that small tank mates will disappear quickly . they are not aggressive towards other species but will attempt to eat any fish that will fit into their mouth .
all of diet - these fish can be trained to take frozen foods so as not to contaminate the tank with feeder fish .
these are big messy eating fish . if their tank is set up to match that of their natural environment , it can be very difficult to maintain a clean tank . the need for a large external canister filter is very important . weekly water changes of at least 30 % are needed .
the gold tiger datnoid will swim in all parts of the aquarium . when first purchased however , yours will probably hide near the bottom until it gets accustomed to its new home . this species will require a large aquarium . an aquarium the size of 60 gallons would house small to medium fish , but if you plan on growing this fish to adult size , an aquarium in excess of 100 gallons will eventually be needed . a large external canister filter is very important for maintaining the water quality . these fish will jump , so make sure to have a tight fitting cover .
considering this as a brackish water species is a common mistake . there are datnoid species that live exclusively in brackish water but the siamese tiger fish is not one of them . they don ' t occur in seawater and they will not do well in strongly brackish water either . they can do fine in slightly brackish water with a specific gravity of 1 . 005 to 1 . 010 , but anything more will cause problems . as a matter of fact a very low specific gravity between 1 . 003 to 1 . 005 , though not necessary , can be good for long term health .
in nature these fish live in vegetated areas with submerged trees and roots . they like to hide among the vegetation , camouflaged by their striped patterning , and wait for prey to happen by . in the aquarium it is suggested that they be provided with places for retreat such as rocks and caves , or driftwood . floating plants and some sturdy aquatic plants set in the substrate can offer a sense of seclusion and also help to provide subdued lighting .
the challenge with having a tank designed to provide a more natural environment is that it is more of a problem to maintain . cleaning up after these big messy predators can be difficult with too much decor . many people have also had great success keeping these fish in a very minimally decorated tank to get the best viewing . these fish seem to do fine in either setting .
60 gal ( 227 l ) - for adults , an aquarium of 100 gallons or more will be needed .
no - they are fine in freshwater but can tolerate very slightly brackish waters .
the siamese tiger fish are non - aggressive towards other species but will sometimes quarrel among themselves . they will also attempt to eat any fish that will fit into their mouth . unless your tank is huge , plan on keeping only one gold datnoid . if you want to keep more , you will need a very large aquarium and it is suggested to keep several . a group setting 5 or more is needed to disperse any aggressive behavior .
unfortunately , their low salinity tolerance puts limits the types of brackish water tank mates they can be kept with . tank mates like monos and scats would be great , but these species need too high a salinity content , so don ' t make good long term companions . good tank mates are fish of comparable size like archers , green chromides , and big sleeper gobies .
sometimes - can be aggressive to its own species unless in groups of 5 or more .
the siamese tiger fish have never spawned in a home aquarium . it is now being bred commercially in indonesia . however the method used is , for now , a secret .
with the siamese tiger fish , disease is not usually a problem in a well maintained aquarium . that being said there is no guarantee that you won ' t have to deal with health problems or disease . anything you add to your tank can bring disease to your tank . not only other fish but plants , substrate , and decorations can harbor bacteria . take great care and make sure to properly clean or quarantine anything that you add to an established tank so not to upset the balance . gold datnoid are very resilient once established in a tank .
a good thing about the gold datnoid is that due to their resilience , an outbreak of disease can often be limited to just one or a few fishes if you deal with it at an early stage . when keeping more sensitive types of fish , it is common for all fishes to be infected even before the first warning signs can be noticed . the best way to proactively prevent disease is to give your gold datnoid the proper environment and give them a well balanced diet . the closer to their natural habitat the less stress the fish will have , making them healthier and happy . a stressed fish will is more likely to acquire disease .
gold datnoid are fairly hardy fish when mature , but are subject to the same diseases as other tropical fish . one of the most common freshwater fish ailments is ich . it is recommended to read up on the common tank diseases . knowing the signs and catching and treating them early makes a huge difference . for information about freshwater fish diseases and illnesses , see aquarium fish diseases and treatments .
the siamese tiger fish is commonly available but may be relatively hard to find due to its high price . a special order may be required to get one . other names they may be found for sale as include indonesian tiger fish , gold tiger datnoid , and gold datnoid .
glen s . axelrod , brian m . scott , neal pronek , encyclopedia of exotic tropical fishes for freshwater aquariums , tfh publications , 2005
dr . rüdiger riehl and hans a . baensch , aquarium atlas vol . 1 , publisher hans a . baensch , 1991
i like that fish so much . but i wonder where can i find that siamese tiger fish .
i just picked one up and trying to learn about it . was an adoption situation so any info would be cool . i have nursed other fish like my oscar back to health . gave ursala a siamese tiger own tank and is doing ok . poor thing has been in 3 tanks in last few days and want her as healthy and happy as possible . info wanted
live foods are your best bet , try small fish , worms , and shrimps .
hi all ! ! ! i used to have beautiful datnoids when i was younger , about 20 years ago . i loved them ! ! . i recentl just bought a 155 gallon bowfront aquarium , and want some beautiful datnoids in it ! ! i remember there were 2 different kinds of datnoids ? . i think , 1 was more silver , and the other a true beige & black stipped tiger datnoid ? . which is the better of the 2 ? , would any one know ? . i live in toronto , ontario , canada . i am looking all over for a tiger datnoid , could anyone help me find a baby ? , or a ? tiger datnoid ? . thanks very much ! ! ! ! ! !
i would love to order a true tiger datnoid , where could i do this ? . please if anyone could help me , i would greatly appreciate it ! ! thanks ! ! in advance ! ! ! ! andrew
normally you can go to a pet shop and have them order you one . i wouldn ' t go to a change . try a smaller store that just deals with fish .
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water is a bit cloudy since i just fed them , the tigerfish is at least 44cm anyhow .
me time , size 8 - 13
. dats is great , enjoy fellas !
: a thickset , high backed fish with lateral compression . the front portion of the dorsal fin is inconspicuous , lying close to the body . the caudal fin is fan shaped and the anal fin is small . the body color is white to yellowish brown with five broad , black vertical bands , the first runs through the eye , while the last marks the caudal penuncle . the first rays of the pelvic fin are white , while the rears parts are black . the other fins are white to brown .
: to 24
( 61 cm ) in nature , although rarely exceeds 16
( 41 cm ) in captivity .
: a 36
( 91 cm ) or 35 - 45 gallon ( 132 - 170 l ) tank is sufficient for fish up to 8
( 20 cm ) in length . larger fish require a tank measuring at least 48
( 122 cm ) with a volume exceeding 50 gallons ( 190 l ) . the tank should have subdued lighting possibly with a cover of floating plants . this species requires hiding places such as rocks , wood , or caves . use plants that can tolerate brackish conditions along the rear and sides of the tank .
: ph 6 . 5 - 7 . 5 ( 7 . 0 ) , 6 - 15 dh ( 8 ) , 72 - 82°f ( 22 - 28°c ) . a 1 - 1 . 5 % addition of salt is suggested . add 7 . 5 - 11 tsp of salt per 10 gallons ( 10 - 15 g / 10 l ) .
: keep only with other large , hardy brackish water fish . the tiger fish is tolerant of its own species and may battle over territory with other species . a good candidate for a species tank .
: 7 . this hardy and aggressive species requires live foods and brackish water conditions . it reaches a large size and demands a large tank .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
should be kept either singly or in groups of 5 or more , smaller groups can result in aggression issues . tank mates should be considered very carefully , they should not be kept with aggressive fish nor with fish smaller than itself as they risk being eaten .
a carnivorous fish that will generally not accept dry foods . feed with meaty foods such as shrimp and silversides .
sometimes labelled as brackish , this is a true freshwater fish . requires a laterally spacious tank and prefers alkaline water . hiding places amongst tall plants or large décor is appreciated .
, the true siamese tigerfish only has 3 - 4 vertical stripes , whereas this fish has 5 - 7 vertical stripes . this fish has a
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chroicocephalus is a genus of medium to relatively small gulls which were included in the genus larus until recently .

some authorities also include the saunders 's gull in chroicocephalus .

the genus name chroicocephalus is from ancient greek khroizo , " to colour " , and kephale , " head " .

chroicocephalus

the black - headed gull ( chroicocephalus ridibundus - linneus 1766 ) is a bird belonging to the order of the charadriiforms ( charadriiformes ) , to the family of the larids ( laridae ) , to the genus chroicocephalus and to the species chroicocephalus ridibundus .
chroicocephalus maculipennis : lakes , rivers and coasts of s south america and falkland is .
chroicocephalus brunnicephalus : mts . of s - central asia ; winters to arabia , india and se asia
grzegorz jagodziński added the polish common name
mewa śmieszka
to
chroicocephalus ridibundus ( linnaeus , 1766 )
.
yan wong changed the thumbnail image of
file : chroicocephalus ridibundus - zürichhorn 2010 - 10 - 05 17 - 14 - 50 . jpg
.
valter jacinto marked
file : обыкновенная ( речная ) чайка весной ( вариант фото ) . jpg
as trusted on the
chroicocephalus ridibundus linnaeus , 1766
page .
the name of the genus “chroicocephalus” comes from the old greek “chroia , chroa” meaning colour , colour of the skin . therefore , the scientific term refers to a bird whose head ( in greek “kephale” , latinized “cefalo” ) can have a certain colour , which , in the case of the black - headed gull refers to the “hood” present in the summer livery of brown chocolate colour .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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british ornithologists ' union checklist ( 7th edition , incl . jan 2009 suppl . ) :
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black - headed gulls are not fussy eaters . they like everything , from worms to bird eggs to fish . furthermore , they also profit from all kinds of human sources of rubbish such as garbage barrels . not all black - headed gulls earn their meal in an honest way . they steal worms from shorebirds and fish from terns . nor are people always safe . should your ice cream or french fries fall on the ground , it quickly disappears in the beak of these master thieves . you find black - headed gulls almost everywhere . they are a common shorebird , land - bird and city - bird .
classification from xeno - canto bird sounds selected by michаel frаnkis - see more .
: ahh . . . yes , these regionally specific range descriptions vary . . .
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zoom h6 sennheiser me - 62 tern - like call from open ocean location in troms county . thanks to karl - birger strann for solving this mystery !
more than 50 birds competing for pieces of bread thrown by kids from a bridge .
original recording of a flock of recently ( less than month earlier ) fledged juveniles on lake shore at night .
a non breeding individual probably male was seen and heard , while it was flying and doing agressive displays against others individuals in the island of burano . recording distance was 5 meters .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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american ornithologists ' union ' s
check - list of north american birds - list of the 2 , 078 bird species known from the a . o . u . check - list area
( aou check - list , 7th edition , updated with supplements 42 - 52 ) , maintained at urltoken
ioc world bird list , master list v2 . 9 , website ( version 2 . 9 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2011 . 04 . 02 , website ( version 02 - apr - 11 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource
maintained by alan p . peterson at urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the term “ridibundus” , relevant to the species , comes from the latin and means “laughing scornfully” and refers to the vocalizations emitted by this species which can be very noisy especially when the flocks are eating , also by dusk or during the night . the most common call is formed by a single or repeated , with many variants , grating “krreearr” and by a short and sharp “kek” or “kekekek” .
the black - headed gull is amply distributed in europe , asia and on the eastern coasts of canada . it is a partial migrant as it retires from the most nordic and iced zones in winter and keeping sedentary in other zones .
the adult black - headed gull ( starting from the second year of age ) , presents in summer a dark chocolate coloured hood interesting the face and the head in a characteristic way .
the dark brown eye has a thin periocular ring of red skin and an outer periocular ring of white feathers . the white feathers of this last do not complete the round as they miss at the level of the median commissure of the eye itself .
the neck , the chest and the belly are white as well as the tail . the dorsal part of the body ( back and almost all the wing ) is of pale grey colour . the outer border of the wing , for a belt starting from the alula and including the outer primaries , is white . this drawing is very useful for recognizing the species when flying . the tips of the primary rectrices and of the outer secondary rectrices are black ; in the terminal black of the most median primaries is present a white “spot” evident also when the wings are closed . the bill and the legs , in this season , are red .
in winter the livery is different . the most impressive difference stays in the absence of the dark hood ; at its place , on the head , remain only two blackish - grey vertical stripes ( at times , so much light to be reduced to two spots ) on each side of the head , one of them reaches the eye and the other gets to the zone of the auricular hole , both leaving from the zone of the apex of the head . in winter , the legs and the bill are red or brown - red ; the tip of the bill is black .
nimble flyer with its about 1 m wingspan . in summer the head is dark chocolate © giuseppe mazza
the young of the year exhibits a livery with the presence of abundant brown - reddish colouration on the head as well as on the wings . also the grey - blackish colour is quite present on the feathers of the back and on the coverts and rectrices of the wings where it forms scaly drawings . the tail , always on the young of the year , has a terminal black band . during the first winter after the birth , the young presents a strong reduction of the reddish colouration even if it keeps a certain dark spotting on the wings and the strike of the tail . the colouration , during the first summer after the birth , will be similar to that of the first winter with the addition of the hood which will not be complete like that in the adult specimens as in the chocolate brown is preent a variable quantity of white . starting from the second year of life , the adult livery will be complete . this bird has a length of about 40 cm ( 37 - 44 ) and a wingspan of about 94 - 110 cm , weighs about 220 - 350 g and there is no evident sexual dimorphism ; it is a very skilful and nimble flyer .
the black - headed gull has practically an omnivorous alimentation and has often the habit of stealing the food from other birds and also from its conspecifics ( kleptoparasitism ) . in the humid and marine zones it actively looks for fishes , aquatic insects and generally small animals but its adaptative and opportunistic capacities render it able to take advantage from the most varied alimentary sources thus being practically able to nourish of whatever alimentary leftover found in the dumpings and in the urban areas .
the reproductive range of this species of gull is very ample , extending from the southern point of greenland to the whole iceland , continuing through most of europe and of central asia and reaching the kamchatka peninsula in russia and north - eastern china . it is rarer in america .
the reproductive territories are reached by early spring ( february - march for europe ) ; first by the males who occupy the territories where to build the nest and then by the females who will have to chose the partners . usually , the mating is preceded by the regurgitation of food done by the male in favour of the female . the formed pairs become territorial and defend the zone where the nest will be located ; the defended surface will be of some square metres .
the nest is formed by cup of vegetal material fairly well built ; the eggs ( 1 - 3 per brood ) are spawned between april and may . the eggs have a brown - mustard colouration and are spotted of brown ; the brooding lasts 22 - 26 days . the pullets , which since already the first days of life have open eyes and are able to get off from the nest , are nourished with fish and other food regurgitated by the parents . the newborns have a brown - reddish colouration with yellowish reflections and are totally spotted of black . this mimetic colouration along with the capacity of hiding and of flattening on the ground at the least sign of danger helps them in the defence from the predators . the reproductive colonies may count from few pairs to thousands of specimens . the adults tend to get back , for the reproduction , to the colonies where they were born .


jana preciosa is a moth in the eupterotidae family .

it was described by aurivillius in 1893 .

it is found in cameroon , the republic of congo , the democratic republic of congo , kenya , tanzania and uganda .

jana preciosa

jana preciosa aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 207 ; tl : camerun , buea
czech designer , jana berg , talks about her collaboration with preciosa , our latest ' create ' campaign and what # chooseyourmoment means to her . urltoken
jana ( janini ) ; forbes , 1955 , tijdschr . ent . 98 : 128
jana dannfelti aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 208 ; tl : congo
jana obscura aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 208 ; tl : gold coast
jana preussi aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 209 ; tl : camerun interior
jana sigyna aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 209 ; tl : camerun interior
jana herrich - schäffer , [ 1854 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 6 ) : pl . 21 , f . 98 - 100 ; ts : jana eurymas herrich - schäffer
jana aurivilliusi rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 488 ; tl : ogrugu
jana germana rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 488 ; tl : nandi , 6000ft
jana pseudostrigina rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 487 ; tl : lueho , kassai river
jana gracilis walker , 1855 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 4 : 913 ; tl : ashanti
jana variegata rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 490 ; tl : ocilonda , bibé , angola
jana roseata rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 487 ; tl : marienheim , urundi , east africa
jana rustica strand , 1911 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 5 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : msamwia , s . ufipa
jana propinquestriata strand , 1911 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 5 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : s . cameroons , jaunde - station
jana nigristriata janse , 1915 ; ann . transv . mus . 5 ( 1 ) : 68 , pl . 9 ; tl : waterwal onder ; one - tree hill , natal ; new hanover , natal
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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1173x899 ( ~ 399kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo © oleg kosterin
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[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
zoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn hauptmann a . d . fromm 1908 / 09 nach deutsch - ostafrica . i . lepidoptera
weymer , 1909 exotische lepidopteren dt . ent . z . iris 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 35
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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aurivillius c . 1893 . diagnosen neuer lepidopteren aus afrika . - entomologisk tidskrift 14 ( 3 ) : 199–214 .


cricotus is an extinct genus of embolomeri .

it was erected by cope in 1875 , on the basis of fragmentary , not clearly associated remains including caudal vertebrae , on which the name was established ( in fact , based on a single intercentrum ) , as well as a few other postcranial bones .

it was little-used in the subsequent literature , contrary to archeria , which appears to be a junior synonym of cricotus .

however , given that the type species of cricotus ( c. heteroclitus ) is a nomen dubium , the name cricotus is unavailable .

this is why holmes suggested using the name archeria for this taxon , though he provided no evidence that he made a formal appeal to the international commission on zoological nomenclature for this ( and presumably did not do it ) .

cricotus

notes on the permo - carboniferous genus cricotus cope
is an article from science , volume 42 .
notes on the permo - carboniferous genus cricotus cope : case , e . c . : free download , borrow , and streaming : internet archive
spirocamallanus cricotus sp . n . and s . halitrophus sp . n . ( nematoda : camallanidea ) from fishes in the northern gulf of mexico .
spirocamallanus cricotus sp . n . and s . halitrophus sp . n . ( nematoda : camallanidea ) from fishes in the northern gulf of mexico . - pubmed - ncbi
spirocamallanus cricotus sp . n . ( = s . pereirai , in part ) and s . halitrophus sp . n . are described from marine fishes of the northern gulf of mexico . spirocamallanus cricotus has a ledge anterior to the basal ring in the buccal capsule , similar spicules with a ratio of 1 : 1 . 4 to 2 . 1 , 3 pre - and 5 postcloacal papillae , and 8 rectal glands in the female ; s . halitrophus lacks the ledge and possesses dissimilar spicules with a ratio of 1 : 1 . 3 to 1 . 8 , 3 pre - and 6 postcloacal papillae , and 4 rectal glands in the female .
the hemoglobins of spirocamallanus cricotus , a reddish - colored , camallanid nematode , and its atlantic croacker fish host , micropogonias undulatus , were characterized with spectrophotometry and isoelectric focusing . hemoglobin from female parasites ' perienteric fluid and homogenized male parasites gave spectrophotometric peaks at 412 , 539 , and 575 nm , whereas female worms drained of perienteric fluid and homogenized differed by having a soret peak of 408 nm . changing the ionic strength of the buffer from 0 . 1 to 0 . 01 m shifted the soret peak to 406 nm for the female parasites ' perienteric fluid and ground male parasites and 404 nm for homogenized female parasites . in all cases , the β band had a higher absorption than the α band suggesting a high o 2 affinity for the parasite hemoglobin . host hemoglobin had peaks of 406 , 437 , and 577 nm . isoelectric focusing not only confirmed the spectrophotometric evidence that host and parasite hemoglobins differed , but also showed that the parasite ' s analyzed hemoglobin fractions differed from one another by having different isoelectric points .
note 200 - cm depth of core 64 - a - 9 - 5e sigsbee knolss , . . .
type locality 200 - cm depth of core 64 - a - 9 - 5e sigsbee knolss , gulf of mexico , 23 - 50n , 94 - 24 . 5w , 3 . 536m deep , age not given , apparently miocene . [ details ]
guiry , m . d . & guiry , g . m . ( 2018 ) . algaebase . world - wide electronic publication , national university of ireland , galway ( taxonomic information republished from algaebase with permission of m . d . guiry ) .
copyright notice : the information originating from algaebase may not be downloaded or replicated by any means , without the written permission of the copyright owner ( generally algaebase ) . fair usage of data in scientific publications is permitted .
guiry , m . d . & guiry , g . m . ( 2018 ) . algaebase . world - wide electronic publication , national university of ireland , galway . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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science 03 dec 1915 : vol . 42 , issue 1092 , pp . 797 - 798 doi : 10 . 1126 / science . 42 . 1092 . 797
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nevadopalpa alboaura is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by povolný in 1999 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .

nevadopalpa alboaura

this is the place for alboaura definition . you find here alboaura meaning , synonyms of alboaura and images for alboaura copyright 2017 © urltoken
nevadopalpa alboaura povolny , 1999 , n . sp . , shilap rev . de lepid . , v . 27 , no . 107 , p . 379 - 391 .
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nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .
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