plectrohyla celata , also known as the oaxaca treefrog , is a species of frog in the family hylidae .

after having not been seen after 1984 , it was feared that the species might be extinct .

however , the species was rediscovered in field surveys in 2011 – 2014 .

plectrohyla celata

chapters : plectrohyla guatemalensis , plectrohyla tecunumani , plectrohyla teuchestes , plectrohyla chrysopleura , plectrohyla quecchi , plectrohyla glandulosa , plectrohyla pokomchi , plectrohyla ameibothalame , plectrohyla acanthodes , plectrohyla arborescandens , plectrohyla cyanomma , plectrohyla robertsorum , plectrohyla celata , plectrohyla crassa , plectrohyla matudai , plectrohyla pachyderma , plectrohyla sabrina , rana - de arbol moteada , plectrohyla psiloderma , plectrohyla cyclada , plectrohyla charadricola , plectrohyla exquisita , plectrohyla calthula , plectrohyla calvicollina , plectrohyla pentheter , plectrohyla labedactyla , plectrohyla sagorum , plectrohyla hazelae , plectrohyla avia , plectrohyla ixil , plectrohyla lacertosa , plectrohyla bistincta , plectrohyla hartwegi , plectrohyla pycnochila , plectrohyla cembra , plectrohyla chryses , plectrohyla ephemera , plectrohyla siopela , plectrohyla dasypus , plectrohyla psarosema , plectrohyla mykter . source : wikipedia . pages : 92 . not illustrated . free updates online . purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher ' s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge . excerpt : plectrohyla guatemalensis is a species of frog in the hylidae family . it is found in el salvador , guatemala , honduras , and mexico . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers . it is threatened by habitat loss . ] . . . more : http : / / urltoken
georgina santos - barrera , luis canseco - márquez 2004 . plectrohyla celata . the iucn red list of threatened species 2004 : e . t55438a11311593 . urltoken
plectrohyla celata — faivovich , haddad , garcia , frost , campbell , and wheeler , 2005 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 294 : 105 .
sarcohyla celata — duellman , marion , and hedges , 2016 , zootaxa , 4104 : 18 . provisional placement .
this species was previously included in the genus hyla but has recently been moved to the genus plectrohyla ( faivovich et al . 2005 ) .
will find all uses of
. . . hyla
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hyla , hylidae , plectrohyla , ptychadena hylaea , adenomera hylaedactyla
a revision of the family hylidae from 2016 places this species in the genus sarcohyla , but this classification is not yet widely adopted and as of late 2016 , the amphibian species of the world labels it as
provisional
. it belongs to the
plectrohyla bistincta group
with the genus plectrohyla , all of them moved to sarcohyla in the 2016 revision .
the natural habitats of this species are pristine cloud forest with low or moderate streams , its probably breeding habitat . it is known from elevations between 2 , 640 and 2 , 670 m ( 8 , 660 and 8 , 760 ft ) above sea level . at night , these frogs were found submerged on the bottom of large pools or at the edges of pools , with only their heads above water , and escaping to deeper water if disturbed . by day , they occurred near the same pools but mostly sitting on rocks several centimeters above the water . the only other anuran in the habitat was what at the time was identified as plectrohyla siopela , but later described as a new species , plectrohyla celata .
hyla celata toal and mendelson , 1995 , occas . pap . mus . nat . hist . univ . kansas , 174 : 3 . holotype : ku 137103 , by original designation . type locality :
0 . 9 km n cerro pelón , sierra de juárez , oaxaca , mexico , 2670 m ( 17° 30′ n , 96° 30′ w )
.
plectrohyla cyanomma , also known as the blue - eyed aquatic treefrog , is a species of frog in the family hylidae . it is endemic to mexico and only known from the northern slope of cerro pelón , in sierra de juárez in northern oaxaca . it is feared that the species might be extinct .
plectrohyla cyanomma was once relatively common and conspicuous in its habitat . however , it was last collected in 1980 , and is possibly now extinct . the stream at the type locality is still in good condition , so the decline might be caused by chytridiomycosis . habitat loss is occurring elsewhere in the area and could have contributed to the overall decline of this species .
in the hyla bistincta group according to the original publication . in the plectrohyla bistincta group of faivovich , haddad , garcia , frost , campbell , and wheeler , 2005 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 294 : 105 . see account by duellman , 2001 , hylid frogs middle am . , ed . 2 : 977 - 979 . see illustration , map , description of geographic range and habitat , and conservation status in stuart , hoffmann , chanson , cox , berridge , ramani , and young , 2008 , threatened amph . world : 268 , who noted that the species may be extinct .
for review of genus and phylogenetics see duellman and campbell , 1992 , misc . publ . mus . zool . univ . michigan , 181 : 1 - 31 . wilson , mccranie , and cruz - díaz , 1994 , proc . biol . soc . washington , 107 : 67 - 78 , discussed the phylogeny of the genus as did duellman , 2001 , hylid frogs middle am . , ed . 2 : 1045 - 1048 . keys to , accounts of , and discussions of phylogenetics of the species in honduras provided by mccranie and wilson , 2002 , amph . honduras : 285 - 311 . caldwell , 1974 , occas . pap . mus . nat . hist . univ . kansas , 28 : 1 - 37 , defined and discussed the hyla bistincta group ( now part of plectrohyla ) . toal and mendelson , 1995 , occas . pap . mus . nat . hist . univ . kansas , 174 : 1 - 20 , provided a key to the hyla bistincta group . in the hylini of faivovich , haddad , garcia , frost , campbell , and wheeler , 2005 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 294 : 89 . wiens , fetzner , parkinson , and reeder , 2005 , syst . biol . , 54 : 25 , considered plectrohyla to be part of their enlarged hyla .
plectrohyla cyanomma is a large , robust frog . adult males measure 52–56 mm ( 2 . 0–2 . 2 in ) and females 52–65 mm ( 2 . 0–2 . 6 in ) in snout–vent length . the tympanum is partly or completely concealed . the fingers have vestigial webbing whereas the toes are moderately webbed . the dorsum is uniform olive - green with few tiny , bright yellow spots ; the olive - green fades to pale blue around vent and along outer edge of forearm and tarsus . the venter and chin are greenish - yellow , as are the outer toes and fingers . the ventral surfaces of limbs to the inner toes and fingers bright are yellow - orange . the iris is pale bluish - gray . males have enlarged non - projecting prepollex ( the
spikethumb
) but not nuptial excrescences .
occasional papers of the natural history museum , the university of kansas , lawrence , kansas .
in copyright . digitized with the permission of the university of kansas natural history museum .
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ty - jour ti - a new species of hyla ( anura : hylidae ) from cloud forest in oaxaca , mexico , with comments on the status of the hyla bistincta group t2 - occasional papers of the natural history museum , the university of kansas , lawrence , kansas . vl - 174 ur - urltoken pb - the university , cy - lawrence , kan . : py - 1995 - 09 - 20 sp - 1 ep - 20 sn - 0091 - 7958 au - toal , kevin r au - mendelson , joseph r . er -
biodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p… urltoken
this species is known from the sierra de juárez , east of oaxaca city , in south - eastern mexico , at 2 , 640 - 2 , 890m asl .
this has always been a rare species , but it appears to have gone into serious decline , and has not been recorded since 1984 . recent surveys to locate it have been unsuccessful , and it might now be extinct .
this species has disappeared in suitable habitat , probably due to chytridiomycosis . the fragmentation and disturbance of the forest due to logging and other human activities , and the continuing desiccation of streams , has probably also contributed to the disappearance of this species .
the range of this species is not within any protected area . urgent restoration and protection of the remnants of cloud forest in the sierra de juárez is required . a field study is necessary to evaluate the population status of this species , and whether or not it still survives in the wild . in view of the threat of chytridiomycosis , surviving individuals might need to form the basis for the establishment of an
listed as critically endangered because its area of occupancy is less than 10km2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat , and in the number of mature individuals , in oaxaca , mexico .
* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .
will find all uses of
hyl . . .
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .
will find all records that contain stand - alone uses of hyla : e . g . , hyla , hyla arenicolor
interprets this as
lithobates or pipiens
so will find the union of all records that contain either
lithobates
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pipiens
: e . g . , lithobates omiltemanus , hylorana pipiens
interprets this as
lithobates and pipiens
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lithobates pipiens
anywhere within a record : e . g . , all members of the lithobates pipiens complex .
oaxaca treefrog ( liner and casas - andreu , 2008 , herpetol . circ . , 38 : 19 ) .
please note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .
for access to available specimen data for this species , from over 350 scientific collections , go to vertnet .
copyright © 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
frost , d . r . 2015 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 ( 14 january 2016 ) . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .
critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) b2ab ( iii , v ) ver 3 . 1
justification : listed as critically endangered because its area of occupancy is less than 10km2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat , and in the number of mature individuals , in oaxaca , mexico .
the range of this species is not within any protected area . urgent restoration and protection of the remnants of cloud forest in the sierra de juárez is required . a field study is necessary to evaluate the population status of this species , and whether or not it still survives in the wild . in view of the threat of chytridiomycosis , surviving individuals might need to form the basis for the establishment of an ex - situ population .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable 1 . forest - > 1 . 9 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist montane suitability : suitable 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 1 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent rivers / streams / creeks ( includes waterfalls ) suitability : suitable
1 . land / water protection - > 1 . 1 . site / area protection 1 . land / water protection - > 1 . 2 . resource & habitat protection 2 . land / water management - > 2 . 3 . habitat & natural process restoration 3 . species management - > 3 . 4 . ex - situ conservation - > 3 . 4 . 1 . captive breeding / artificial propagation
1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 1 . housing & urban areas
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8 . invasive and other problematic species , genes & diseases - > 8 . 1 . invasive non - native / alien species / diseases - > 8 . 1 . 2 . named species
1 . research - > 1 . 2 . population size , distribution & trends 1 . research - > 1 . 5 . threats
duellman , w . e . 2001 . the hylid frogs of middle america . society for the study of amphibians and reptiles , ithaca , new york , usa .
faivovich , j . , haddad , c . f . b . , garcia , p . c . o . , frost , d . r . , campbell , j . a . and wheeler , w . c . 2005 . systematic review of the frog family hylidae , with special reference to hylinae : phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 294 : 1 - 240 .
iucn . 2004 . 2004 iucn red list of threatened species . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 23 november 2004 ) .
lips , k . r . , mendelson iii , j . r . , munoz - alonso , a . , canseco - marquez , l . and mulcahy , d . g . 2004 . amphibian population declines in montane southern mexico : resurveys of historical localities . biological conservation 119 : 555 - 564 .
toal , k . r . and mendelson iii , j . r . 1995 . a new species of hyla ( anura : hylidae ) from cloud forest in oaxaca , mexico , with comments on the status of the hyla bistincta group . occasional papers natural history museum university of kansas : 1 - 20 .
this species is known from the sierra de jurez , east of oaxaca city , in south - eastern mexico , at 2 , 640 - 2 , 890m asl .
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disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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they are called spikethumb because of the spike on their thumbs , which is called a prepollex . the genus name comes from the
, 2005 : systematic review of the frog family hylidae , with special reference to hylinae : phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision .
borror , donald j . ( 1988 ) . dictionary of word roots and combining forms : compiled from the greek , latin , and other languages , with special reference to biological terms and scientific names ( 11 . print . ed . ) . mountain view , calif . : mayfield pub . co . isbn 0874840538 .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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urltoken
spikethumb frogs ( liner , 1994 , herpetol . circ . , 23 : 25 ; frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 62 ; liner and casas - andreu , 2008 , herpetol . circ . , 38 : 19 ) .
highlands of nuclear central america , from southern mexico through the highlands of guatemala and northern el salvador to central and northern honduras ; undetermined larvae and subadult from cerro saslaya , nicaragua .
copyright © 1998 - 2013 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .
species description : campbell , j . a . and duellman , w . e . 2000 . new species of stream - breeding hylid frogs from the northern versant of the highlands of oaxaca , mexico . scientific papers of the natural history museum of the university of kansas : 1 - 28 .
group according to duellman ( 1970 ) . some specimens had previously been assigned to hyla arborescandens ( duellman 1970 ; caldwell 1974 ; toal 1994 ; toal and mendelson 1995 ; mendelson and toal 1996 ) and
( toal and mendelson 1995 ) . at night , the dorsum becomes pale tan , venter creamy white , and anterior and posterior surfaces dull yellowish tan . by day , dorsum tan with dark green reticulations and greenish wash posteriorly on body . iris dark copper color . fingers are webbed basally and the toes are about two thirds webbed . a distinct tympanum is present . head as wide as body but slightly wider than long . head width is 33 . 0 % svl , head length is 32 . 5 % svl . snouth moderately short and rounded in dorsal view , bluntly rounded in lateral view . loreal region slightly concave . lips moderately thin but not flared . nostrils slightly protuberant , internarial region is slightly depressed . tympanum oval , slightly higher than long ; annulus is distinct and separated from eye by about 150 % legnth of tympanum . diameter of tympanum is 42 . 1 % diameter of eye . short ulnar tubercles form a row along the ventrolateral edge of the forearm , almost forming a low fold . width of disc on third finger is greater than diameter of tympanum . cloacal opening is directed posteroventrally at upper level of thighs . vocal sac is single , median , subgular . externally very similar to
. only tadpoles at gosner ( 1960 ) stage 25 are known . similar to
in the presence of two rows of small marginal papillae , absence of submarginal papillae , presence of fine serrations on the beaks , and a denticle formula of 2 / 4 .
most specimens are from cloud forests at elevations between 1600 and 2180 m on the northern versant of the sierra juarez . at night , both sexes were found on low vegetation or boulders adjacent to small streams , but one male was found in a spray zone .
sexual dimorphism is present in that males are significantly smaller than females , two males from higher elevations ( cerro machin , 2370 m , and cerro san felipe , 2670 m ) have svls of 37 . 5 and 38 . 0 mm while two females from the same areas have svls of 48 . 8 and 49 . 1 mm . seems to be active year round .
species group , with descriptions of three new species ( anura : hylidae ) . ' '
campbell , j . a . , and duellman , w . e . ( 2000 ) . ' ' new species of stream - breeding hylid frogs from the northern versant of the highlands of oaxaca , mexico . ' '
gosner , k . l . ( 1960 ) . ' ' a simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification . ' '
mendelson , j . r . , iii , and toal , iii , k . r . ( 1996 ) . ' ' a new species of
toal , k . r . , iii , and mendelson , j . r . , iii ( 1995 ) . ' ' a new species of
( anura : hylidae ) from the sierra de juarez , oaxaca , mexico . ' '
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
this species is known from cerro san felipe , northern oaxaca and so la de vega and la cofradia , central oaxaca , mexico . it occurs at elevations from 1 , 540 - 2 , 650m asl and is currently known from only five localities . it might occur a little more widely .
this species occurs in cerro peln and cerro humo chico in the sierra de jurez , north - eastern oaxaca , mexico . it is currently known from only three localities . it is found from 2 , 640 - 2 , 670 m asl .
this species is found in sierra de jurez , north - central oaxaca city , and cerro san felipe and cerro machin , oaxaca , mexico . it is also recorded from the sierra madre del sur ( puerto del gallo ) in south - western guerrero and oaxaca . it is known from elevations of 2 , 200 - 2 , 865m asl . with increased survey work , it is quite likely to be found elsewhere , especially in intervening areas between known sites .
the specific name cyanomma is derived from the greek words kyanos (
blue
) and omma (
eye
) and refers to the blue eyes of this species .
keep an open eye in panama and you might just see a panamanian golden frog . local legend used to promise luck to anyone who spotted the frog in the wild and that when the frog died , it would turn into a gold talisman , known as a huaca . nowadays , you’ll see the frogs on decorative cloth molas made by the kuna indians , on t - shirts , as inlaid design on a new overpass in panama city and even on lottery tickets . in the market at el valle de antòn , you will see them by the thousands either as enamel - painted terracotta or on hand - carved tagua nuts . the one place you probably won’t see a panamanian golden frog , however , is in their native home—the crystal clear streams of the ancient volcanic crater of el valle de antòn . in the mountain forests you may spot other similar - looking extant species such as atelopus varius , but the only local and true panamanian golden frogs atelopus zeteki are those breeding in captivity at the el valle amphibian conservation center ( evacc ) at the el nispero zoo .
in the early 2000’s conservationists warned that this day - glo yellow emblem of panama was in grave danger of extinction . in emergency response , project golden frog was established to create captive assurance colonies of this species , just in case the scientists’ worst fears came to pass and the species went extinct in the wild . in 2006 , just as the scientists had predicted , the chytridiomycosis disease hit el valle . the panamanian golden frog—whose populations were already under pressure due to collectors and habitat loss—was decimated . suddenly , panama’s unique harelquin frog species joined the ranks of at least 30 other harlequin frogs that are most likely extinct in the wild . luckily , panama’s charismatic namesake was part of an aza species survival plan . today , the captive population is being carefully managed and bred for long - term survival by a number of zoos and aquaria in the united states and panama . the animals in these assurance colonies have served their intended purpose and provide an insurance policy for the species , guaranteeing that this important panamanian cultural symbol will never be lost all together .
a tragedy has thus been averted . instead of a dire warning of the future fate of the planet , panamanian golden frogs are now a symbol of hope . exiled frogs are playing the role of a flagship species , bringing the story of global amphibian declines to world wide audiences in zoos and aquaria , magazines and films . as the logo of the panama amphibian rescue and conservation project , the panamanian golden frog is a powerful symbol uniting 8 key institutions . together , we have embarked on this ambitious national program to build capacity at the summit municipal park in panama and to create assurance colonies of other amphibian species from eastern panama before it is too late . we are also actively working with some of the world’s leading researchers like reid harris and louise rollins - smith to develop a cure that will allow us to control the further spread of chytridiomycosis . our great hope is that one day we may re - establish wild populations of panamanian golden frogs back into their rightful home in the streams of el valle . until then , we embrace panama’s living gold as a symbol of hope and achievement in showing us how we can preserve panama’s amphibian biodiversity .
it’s difficult to communicate the extent of the amphibian crisis using only numbers . the 2008 global amphibian assessment lists 120 potentially extinct species and 39 extinct amphibian species . of these , 94 had chytridiomycosis listed as a likely threat associated with their disappearance . most of the missing species are from central and south america , but we are also losing species from north america , the caribbean , australia , the middle east , asia and australia .
now let’s try and put those numbers into the context of our mammal - centric world . think of a whole bunch of endangered mammals from around the world : a jaguar , panthera onca , a baird’s tapir , tapirus bairdii , the golden lion tamarin , leontopithecus rosalia , a mountain pygmy possum , burramys parvus , dama gazelle , nanger dama , and the new guinea big - eared bat , pharotis imogene . repeat that exercise 25 times , and you’ll have some idea of what we have probably already lost in the amphibian world .
here is a roll - call of missing amphibians . those marked with an ( ex ) are classified by the iucn as extinct . those with an asterisk * next to them have had chytridiomycosis suggested as one of the threats associated with their disappearance .
have you seen any of these missing amphibians ? do you think that other species should be added ? use the comments field below to tell us your thoughts . for another list of possibly extinct species , grouped by countries , see amphibia web .
on june 18 , africam safari launched in méxico the panama amphibian rescue and conservation project to rescue endangered amphibians in eastern panama threatened by a lethal fungus which is wiping out these incredible creatures . the project also aims to develop a cure for this disease in the wild . africam is partnering with 8 other institutions in the us and panama to save these threatened neotropical frogs .
the mexican launch was attended by panama’s ambassador in méxico , mr . ricardo alemán alfaro and the honorary consul in puebla mr . mario riestra venegas .
mrs . amy camacho , africam safari general director , explained the current extinction crisis to the audience and press representatives . she outlined the scope of the project and africam’s involvement .
his excellency mr . alemán alfaro offered his support for this project , pledging to help in every way possible , especially in developing proper links with other panamanian institutions involved in the conservation of local wildlife .
en junio 18 del 2009 , africam safari hizo el lanzamiento en méxico de un ambicioso proyecto llamado proyecto de investigación y conservación de anfibios para rescatar un gran número de especies de anfibios que habitan en el este de panamá . para el lanzamiento fueron invitados especialmente el embajador de panamá en méxico su excelencia miguel alemán alfaro y el cónsul honorario de panamá en puebla el lic . mario riestra venegas .
este proyecto lo llevará a cabo un consorcio de 8 instituciones entre ellas africam safari , el instituto smithsonian , la universidad de vanderbilt y el zoológico del summit . el proyecto tiene como objetivos el trabajo cooperativo interinstitucional para prevenir la extinción de docenas de especies de anfibios y desarrollar estrategias y técnicas contra la amenaza de una enfermedad letal para los anfibios causada por un hongo y que es llamada “quitridiomicosis” .
amy camacho , la directora de africam safari informó a los presentes y a los representantes de la prensa acerca de la crisis de extinción por la que están pasando los anfibios actualmente , acerca de los objetivos y alcances del proyecto y cómo africam se involucrará en el proyecto .
su excelencia el embajador alemán alfaro comentó que la embajada ayudará en todo lo que le sea posible para el buen desarrollo de este proyecto , especialmente en el área del desarrollo de contactos con las instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales que se dedican a la protección de la flora y fauna en panamá .
june 18th , 2009 : the rumor has been confirmed and in fact a giant panamanian golden frog has taken up residence on the chase bank building located on the corner of pikes peak and tejon – check it out ! the frog will be up for three months .
we had a great media event earlier today , so watch for us on the news and in the paper . the event included the unveiling of the new josh & john’s ice cream flavor , panamanian golden fudge . they will rotate the flavor on their menu and 50 % of the proceeds of this ice cream will be donated to the cheyenne mountain zoo !
in 2004 , the panamanian golden frog was garnering attention as a group of zoos , universities and researcher known as project golden frog were responding to the ongoing decline and disappearance of this species in the wild while developing populations of captive golden frogs as a safeguard against extinction . one of their goals at the time was “our expectation that this species holds the potential to rally public support for amphibian conservation throughout the neotropics” . at the same time , the chytrid fungus was winding its way through western panama heading directly for the only known habitat of the panamanian golden frog .
it seemed like a simple idea at the time . houston zoo staff thought it was would be in the best interest of this species to build a small facility where we could house this species in its range country until we had a better idea of when amphibians in the region could safely be released back into the wild , safe from the chytrid fungus which has now moved through western panama and is heading for the eastern side of the panama canal .
but what about all the other amphibians in the region , surely they are in need of protection as well ? from this one species , it was decided that a larger focus , based on the 15 - 20 species potentially threatened with extinction due to the chytrid fungus , should be protected within what was soon to become the el valle amphibian conservation center .
evacc center $ 250 , 000 , 50 plus partners , 17 species and 600 individuals later – el valle amphibian conservation center in el valle de anton , panama opened its doors to the public in may of 2009 and has been the focus of media attention , animal planet specials , and news articles over the past 2 years . it even has its own 15 minute documentary called leap of faith and spanish version un salto de fe . so now we wait for a cure and manage the individuals we have collected with support from the zoos , schools , corporations and private individuals .
actually , we cannot wait . the fungus is jumping the canal zone and heading into the largest contiguous tract of rainforest not currently affected by the fungus – called the darien gap . we do not know how many species exist within the darien gap , undiscovered species that could disappear before we ever knew they had existed .
in 2008 , the houston zoo and zoo new england partnered on the design and development of an amphibian pod which is now housed at the summit municipal parque . this pod is actually a shipping container based on models developed by groups in australia and england and modified to maintain amphibians where each pod can safely house 1 - 2 species of individual amphibians ; managing and reproducing them through their life history stages . this was simply the first phase of what you will see here on these pages in months to come . the panama amphibian rescue and conservation program has brought together partners for eastern panama while the el valle amphibian conservation center continues to focus on western panama . and hopefully together , these partners can hold the line against what seemed to be the imminent extinction of dozens of amphibians within panama’s borders .
that’s the name of cheyenne mountain zoo’s new frog rescue exhibit , now open in the zoo’s aquatics building . the exhibit highlights our role in combatting global amphibian declines including the zoo’s partnership in the panama amphibian rescue and conservation project . exhibit highlights include african clawed frogs , leopard frogs and giant african bullfrogs and also features the zoo’s other amphibian conservation efforts including :
the wyoming toad project – wyoming toads are the only north american amphibians listed as extinct in the wild . found only in the 50 sq . mi . area of the laramie basin in wyoming , these toads began a rapid decline in the 1970’s due to pollution , pesticide runoff , habitat destruction and fungal disease . in 1988 , a few toads were caught and a captive breeding program started to protect against extinction . cheyenne mountain zoo cares for a collection of these critically endangered toads in our off - exhibit amphibian conservation center . in 2008 our toads produced over 3 , 000 tadpoles ! 2 , 500 of those were released back into the wild . we are currently releasing tadpoles into the laramie basin and participating in survey studies to determine their population in the wild .
the boreal toad project – boreal toads are colorado’s only alpine toad and live above 8 , 000 feet . the populations located in the southern rocky mountains have experienced dramatic population declines over the past two decades from infection by the chytrid fungus , batrachochytrium dendrobatidis . cheyenne mountain zoo holds a captive population of boreal toads in our amphibian conservation center for scientific research . we have participated in a throat pattern identification study and are planning to conduct a health evaluation regarding diet and water quality , and the effect it has on spinal related deformities . both of these studies help field biologists with boreal toads in the wild .
conserving mantella frogs – there are five critically endangered mantella frogs , native only to madagascar , that are being over - collected for the pet trade . habitat loss and disease also threaten the survival of those still in the wild . cheyenne mountain zoo has obtained a collection of mantella frogs from a trusted captive breeding source and is now captive breeding mantilla frogs to support other aza institutions and help avoid the collection of wild mantilla frogs in the future . in 2008 - 2009 , the zoo’s quarter’s for conservation program also supported madagasikara voakajy , a conservation and research program in madagascar , which aims to protect mantella frogs and their habitat through local community education . cheyenne mountain zoo staff also developed a flash card game to help schools in madagascar teach about their local frogs and the challenges they face in the wild . through our support they will further their efforts in field research and community education .
over the last year i have spent countless hours talking to people , explaining why i’m an amphibian conservationist battling to save some of the 2000 - odd species of amphibians that are facing extinction . i’ll bet that the bird conservationists saving warblers don’t get that question as often as i do , because birds clearly do matter . birds are a very accessible form of wildlife , you can see them in your back yards , and they are the sound of nature . just a few adrenalin - filled moments spent watching a woodpecker and a cardinal having a fight at a bird feeder is enough escapism to lift the burdens of a hard day in the office . yet frogs do matter for all these reasons and more . the main difference between frogs and birds is that the bird folks are organized and the amphibian conservationists are only just starting to get their act together . birdlife international has 4000 full - time employees , rspb has 1 , 300 staff , the audubon society has 600 employees . even ducks unlimited has 500 employees – all working full time applying their skills to bird conservation ! yet in the whole amphibian world there are only a handful of people are working full - time to mitigate the threats facing amphibians . faced with this dearth of capacity it is no wonder that just 12 % of birds are in danger of extinction compared to 32 % of amphibians . since 1980 we have lost just 5 species of birds but over 120 species of amphibians !
that still doesn’t answer the question why does it matter if they go extinct ? humans have many different kinds of value systems . the most obvious one is goods and services that can be exchanged for cash . the best example of the direct value of amphibians is frog legs . these are a culinary curiosity and have obvious direct value that can easily be quantified in dollars . most people would be surprised to hear that between 1996 and 2006 , over 100 , 000 tons of frogs legs were imported and had a value approaching half a billion dollars ! every year 100 million to 400 million wild - caught animals are imported and exported to nearly every country in the world .
this public service announcement from the vancouver aquarium elegantly captures how important amphibians are to controlling pests . however , it is difficult to figure out how much these ecosystem services are worth if people aren’t paying for them , they are indirect values . the trouble is it’s tough to know how much something is really worth unless someone is willing to pay for it . one example that gives us a clue about what people may be willing to sacrifice for these indirect services is from india . in 1981 the indian the frog leg trade peaked , when more than 4 , 000 tons were exported , mainly to europe earning revenues of $ 9 . 3 million . in 1987 , however , india banned frog legs exports , arguing that the cost of importing more pesticides to combat pests in rice paddies devoid of amphibians was outstripping revenues earned from frog leg exports . this contention also contributed to the listing of two species that were targeted specifically for food on appendix ii in cites .
many people will justify saving the rain forest , because we don’t know what aids cure might be out there , and we don’t want it to go extinct before we find out where to get it , something that we’ll call option values . well , one of my collaborators , an incredible lady by the name of louise rollins - smith recently discovered that the white’s tree frog from australia produces a kind of chemical called a caerin ( pronounced see - rin ) that can block hiv transmission to t - cells ! in fact , frog - skins are a real pharmacopeia something i’ve tried to communicate in this illustration below .
the gastric brooding frog from australia may have held a cure for peptic ulcers , a condition that affects millions of people around the world each year . unfortunately though , its potential benefits went extinct along with both species in its genus in the 1980’s . looking at this diagram makes one realize that some values are difficult to prescribe in dollar terms . it makes you think about what we are loosing when you hear stories like one from my colleagues in panama who recently discovered 10 new species in panama - after they had already gone extinct !
amenity values are difficult to quantify in dollar terms , yet frogs are one of the most commonly used animals in classroom education in western countries . 44 - 64 % of all colleges and secondary schools surveyed in georgia , usa used amphibians for educational purposes . and how many of us had our first real wildlife experiences catching frogs and kissing them to see if they turned into a prince ? or chasing a bullfrog across the garden lawn in a frog - jumping competition with your friends ?
ethical values are , in my mind , the real justification for saving a species . many people will spend countless millions on a work of art , a unique object of beauty and fascination that enriches our lives simply because it exists . i feel the same way about a species , when we lose it , it can never be replaced . like many people before me i find frogs fascinating creatures . in africa , the ancient egyptian goddess of fertility , hequet , was often depicted as a frog . in asia chan chu , the three - legged money frog is a popular chinese symbol for prosperity and it is said to bring wealth into your life . in the america’s pre - columbian indigenous people crafted frogs in gold and clay talismans called huacas . today , golden frogs are considered lucky , and adorn panamanian lottery tickets and crowd tables in tourist markets . in more contemporary settings , one has to wonder what the value is of modern cultural icons such as kermit or the budweiser trio of frogs named bud , wei and ser ?
so you may be saying right now – i’m not convinced , frogs creep me out . that’s ok , but i would beg to differ with you because i know that frogs do matter . i just want to keep them around so that your children and their children can form their own opinions . not just by looking at catalogues of extinct species in a library somewhere , but by exploring a stream with their friends and discovering these incredible creatures for themselves .
it’s official . the deadly amphibian chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( bd ) has now spread across the panama canal into eastern panama according to a study recently published in ecohealth . elsewhere in central and south america , this disease has spread through mountainous regions . according to karen lips , a conservation biologist who has studied the problem for years , when bd arrives at a site , about half of the species vanish and the remaining species experience massive die - offs .
conservationists have been fretting for years about what might happen to eastern panama’s 120 - odd amphibian species when bd hits . bd is a disease that cannot tolerate extremely hot temperatures , so it tends to be most devastating in cooler mountainous regions of the tropics that remain cool and moist year - round . the mountainous regions of eastern panama are one of the last remaining strongholds of naïve amphibian populations in the new world , and species that tend to have a highland distribution and small ranges are the most vulnerable to extinction .
to add another layer of complexity to this problem , there are many species new to science that we could lose before they are even discovered . according to dr . andrew crawford who studies amphibian genetics , “eastern panama has been relatively poorly explored by herpetologists and it is likely that there are several species new to science that live only in this region . what is particularly worrying is that we are facing a huge biodiversity threat , but we don’t have a good idea of just how many species are at stake” .


scopula compensata , the small frosted wave , is a moth of the family geometridae .

it was described by walker in 1861 .

it is found in south-eastern north america , including alabama , florida , georgia and south carolina .

the wingspan is about 15 millimetres ( 0.59 in ) .

scopula compensata

might this be s . compensata ? it was photographed on the same night as the other one ( 369904 ) but this one has somewhat darker markings .
at outdoor light . i have had difficulties with these moths of which i have photographed several , all with barely visible or no
smudges
( robert zimlich ' s term ) at the pm line . yesterday i photographed one with distinct smudges that otherwise matches the one of this post perfectly in terms of forewing pattern and size . unfortunately , this moth was in a too badly battered condition to justify posting , but i now have confidence in the id of my tentative compensata photos . this one provides a september image for florida .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
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devon loch ( 1946 – 1963 ) was a racehorse , which fell on the final straight while leading the 1956 grand national .

owned by queen elizabeth the queen mother and ridden by dick francis , devon loch had won two races already that season and finished third in the national hunt handicap chase at cheltenham .

his progress was helped when the favourite , must , and a previous winner , early mist , fell early on .

he went to the front of the race with three jumps remaining , cleared the last half a length ahead of e.s.b. , and took a commanding lead on the final stretch .

then , in front of the royal box just 40 yards from the winning post and five lengths ahead , he suddenly inexplicably jumped into the air and landed on his stomach , allowing e.s.b. to overtake and win .

although jockey dick francis tried to cajole the horse , it was unable to continue .

afterwards , the queen mother said : " oh , that 's racing . "

it is still uncertain and debated to this day as to why devon loch jumped ; some reports claimed he suffered a cramp in his hindquarters causing the collapse .

another report asserted that a shadow thrown by the adjacent water-jump fence ( which horses only traverse on the first circuit of the aintree course ) may have baffled devon loch into thinking a jump was required and – confused as to whether he should jump or not – he half-jumped and collapsed .

jockey dick francis later stated that a loud cheer from the crowd , for an expected royal winner , distracting the horse is a more likely explanation .

reports that the horse had suffered a heart attack were dismissed , as devon loch recovered far too quickly for this to have been the case .

he lived another six years , being put down during or shortly after the cold winter of 1962 – 3 .

devon loch

just over sixty years ago devon loch , a horse owned by the queen mother , was set to win the grand national . for over four miles devon loch had soared over thirty fences and was clear of the field . with 50 yards to go victory was assured . but as hats were being thrown in the air and punters counting their winnings , devon loch fell . its race was over .
every now and then you ' ll hear the term ' he did a devon loch ' which was a phrase coined after his famous fall .
but that day a phrase entered the culture : ‘doing a devon loch’ , capturing that all too common experience of seizing defeat from the jaws of victory .
what did you think when my horse fell down ?
inquired the queen mother , owner of the stricken devon loch , when the two met after the race .
the jockey didn ' t respond and d loch corrected himself . . . . but belly flopped .
esb ' s jockey , d . dick , cheerfully admitted afterwards that he had given up hope of catching devon loch . he had his head down , he said , resigned to second place .
this was the 1956 grand national in which the late dick francis galloped towards the finish line on the queen mother’s horse , devon loch . dick was just yards away from the finish line and was undoubtedly about to win the race when suddenly devon inexplicably jumped up and fell to his stomach .
it was as if he thought there was a fence in front of him . esb who was behind , swooped past devon loch who was still scrambling to his feet and went on to win the grand national .
without wishing to put any extra pressure on ranieri and his players , it is starting to look as though it would take a devon loch - style collapse for leicester to miss out on a place in the top four .
famous for sustainably - sourced seafood , our loch fyne seafood & grill restaurants open daily to serve our guests fresh and delicious meals .
armorial iii , the tallest horse in the field of 29 , sprang into the lead in the first circuit , with eagle lodge , sandew , much obliged , gentle moya and devon loch - the latter taking his jumps with care and complete confidence .
enjoy some time out at this contemporary self - catering barn dwelling squirrelled away in the picturesque teign valley , devon .
so , did dick not feel a touch guilty that he had been the jockey to have profited from devon loch ' s inexplicable fall ?
naaaagh . he was brought to a ruddy standstill by a riderless horse at the first fence after the canal turn . but for that , he might have won by rights and devon loch would have been long forgotten . that said , i ' ve always felt sorry for the queen mum because she ' s such a smashing person . she ' s a star , she is .
failure can be a great teacher but a poor master . we have all ‘done a devon loch’ . so let’s learn from it and what this kind of experience tells us about how to look after and prepare ourselves better . i look forward to seeing you in the winner’s paddock !
jessica ennis is almost there . it would take a devon loch - style collapse to deny her the gold medal now . going into the 800 metres , the final event of the heptathlon , she leads the field by 188 points . that equates to a country mile in layman terms .
flaunting all that is good and great about sunny south devon , phillimores is an intriguing self - catering holiday cottage blending the traditional and the stylish . this 17th century cottage is idyllically cosseted in a wooded valley not far from kingsbridge in the ever - popular south hams region of devon .
even 46 years on , what happened next remains one of sport ' s greatest mysteries ; 50 yards from the line and with the entire nation cheering a royal victory , devon loch pricked up his ears , appeared to jump a phantom obstacle , and belly - flopped to the turf with his four legs splayed out like bambi on ice .
cycle to - a day at historic braunton burrows is great . cyclists can enjoy the 30 - mile tarka trail tracking the scenic coastline of north devon .
but with only ten horses left at the run in to the straight the crowd surged to the rails and the cheers all centred on the faraway , bobbing head and swinging hooves of devon loch . with three others he took the last thorn fence with great lift and rhythm . you could see some of the hooves hitting the brushwood but no one came down . devon loch got first into stride and was soon pounding past the stands , five lengths clear of esb , with francis already stretching out a hand for his bay - leaves . then the astonishing happened . devon loch ' s hind - legs buckled and he went down on his stomach . in what can have been no more than two seconds - but it seemed like an age - francis threw his weight forward and his mount struggled to his feet . could be still do it ? it looked as though he might . the first royal victory in the national since 1900 , the 7 # 163 ; 8 , 000 prize and what a reception with it ! - only forty yards away .
the same year that devon loch was running , robert zajonc was doing work that would help us understand the ‘audience effect’ – why we perform a task more poorly in front of an audience than we do when we are alone . anyone who has watched a child struggle to play a piece of music at a school performance that you’ve heard them play perfectly at home is familiar with this effect .
set in an area of outstanding natural beauty near lyme regis on the devon border , this stylish architect - designed self - catering home boasts dramatic far - reaching woodland vistas .
` go on then you , lucky devil ,
muttered dave dick grudgingly as dick francis galloped off towards the growing crescendo of noise at the winning post . for four miles , dick and the gallant esb had soared over aintree ' s 30 fences ; now , as they cleared the last but a few hoofbeats behind devon loch , francis accelerated away from them in search of his place in grand national legend .
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everyone was trying to resolve the puzzle of devon loch ' s failure - while esb , a most honourable winner was rather starved of attention as no other national victor has been before - and there were a host of theories . frightened by the noise of the crowd , some said : or he slipped on a muddy patch and could not regain his stride ; or he was out off by the shadow of the water jump on his left .
impeccable interiors , sea - salted air and panoramic views over woolacombe bay make tamarisk beach house an idyllic retreat for families and surfers looking for luxury self - catering accommodation by the sea in north devon .
bordering the pretty dartmoor village of lustleigh , this luxury self - catering cottage flaunts timeless tranquillity in its original cobbles , thick granite walls and neat slate roof , offering an indulgent couples’ retreat in devon ' s wild heart .
you know watching that film , just before the final jump , if you look at devon loch ' s hind legs , they were almost
loose
looking for a better term ? like the human adage
my legs felt like jelly
. i can see it clearly in the video starting around 1 : 04 and onward , look at his hind legs . he just looked spent . . . maybe like marathon runner whose legs just fall out from underneath him , it looks just about the same . .
on the outward run into the country on the second circuit , after two miles of extremely fast going , the fences began to take their toll . nine horses fell in the last ten jumps . at becher ' s , sundew , who had been helping to make the pace with armorial iii , went down on landing . the main group , including devon loch and many of the leading fancies , were now a good many lengths behind , but all coming up fast enough to spread the many hopes among the crowd .
plot your country escape to this luxury holiday cottage in north bovey ; one of devon ' s most idyllic villages set within the rugged beauty of dartmoor national park . the riddle is the type of cottage you might find on the pages of a storybook .
the effect of the tragic climax on the more hard - bitten ones of the racing fraternity was not the least curious feature of the day . used to the ups and downs of the track , in and out of the money by the hour , surely they could ride this emotional blow ? but no . devon loch had caught many of them in the middle of a cheer with all defences down .
no more racing today for me ,
said one horsey veteran with a sigh as he slumped on the seat near me .
i am very , very upset .
far from the crowds , the hartland heritage coast is a halcyon world of pebble beaches and beatrix potter wildlife backed by a deep blue sea . set between appledore and clovelly , the creamery was made for those hidden - away self - catering holidays in devon .
cinnamon cottage is a thatched luxury self - catering cottage in the quaint village of higher ashton in devon . with the traditional thatched roof crowning the elegant and intriguingly beautiful interiors within , family holidays in the rolling devonshire countryside have never looked so tempting . . .
this enchanting 400 year old millhouse is chock - full of old - world charm . set in the south hams near dartmouth , the dreamy south devon coast is almost within touching distance and short stroll through the valley leads to the sheltered cove of blackpool sands .
it would have been hard to find a theatre - producer able to build up a race to such a climax . the luck of jumping , which put most of the favourites out of the race well before devon loch and three others leapt into sight in the home straight , ensured that the weight of the cheering all bent itself to the encouragement of the queen mother ' s horse . the favourite , must , and the fancied high guard ( with a . p . thompson up , riding in his last national ) and two other runners went down as the cavalcade cleared the first jump .
nestled on the banks of the river yealm in south devon ' s yachty haven of newton ferrers is the oh - so - stylish beauport . this stunning self - catering luxury cottage exudes a restful ambiance echoic of the rippling river which sits at the bottom of the garden .
it is better to look at newspaper stills of the event , rather than the old grainy film . off track , coming to the inside fence , there is a ditch in the field - approximately 1 metre broad . devon lock takes a moderate leap exactly at the point of this ditch .
none of the thousands who saw it will easily shake off the memory of devon loch ' s collapse in front of the royal box today within forty yards and a few seconds of triumph ; or the utterly poignant spectacle of the royal jockey r . francis , cast as the day ' s tragic hero , walking away from his crippled mount , too distressed to look anywhere . aintree was on its feet to roar it home for a great grand national victory ; hats , racecards , emotions all in the air . a moment later , as a certain winner buckled in its stride , the cheering thousands gave a loud
ah !
of dismay and crumpled into silence . i have never seen a race crowd - or any sporting crowd - more bewildered .
clearing the last and going on to the long run in , the jockey was later to write in an autobiography
never had i felt such power in reserve , such confidence in my mount , such calm in my mind
and it was clear that there was only going to be one winner , however disaster was to strike 50 yards from home when all the men in the stand were throwing up their hats into the air to salute a great win for devon , dick and the queen mother . suddenly the horse seemed to jump in the air and then completely collapsed onto his stomach , the horse got to his feet and his jockey tried to summon the horse to carry on but it was soon obvious that the horse could not carry on and as esb ran past to win , it was clear to all the shocked crowd that
all looked good for his crack at the title . his progress was helped when two of the market leaders fell at the first both must ( the favourite ) and also early mist ( a previous winner ) this was to leave m ' as - tu - vu in the lead and devon was going well in mid division . the horse had no problem with the obstacles and only had one problem on the fist circuit when a horse fell in front of him and he had to swerve to miss it , he did this in great style and went on to complete the first circuit by jumping ' the chair ' the biggest fence in the race easily , and then cleared the water to go back to the start for another circuit . his jockey was impressed with the ease his horse was showing indeed even turning in for the final straight his jockey could see all around him hard at work and he still had a ' double hand full ' .
francis will at least earn his sombre niche in sporting history among the great failures . the ryder cup has been won and lost by a putt and cup final hopes dashed by one twisted knee . but this was even more suddenly dramatic . the closer comparison is with , say , those marathon runners who have dropped within sight of the tape after a gruelling 26 miles like peters at vancouver or dorando in the olympics of 1908 .
i do not think any of these theories quite explain it . his sudden collapse looked to me to be of the same kind as the marathon runner ' s ; namely , cramp and exhaustion , leaving francis for all his crouching determination and skill , helpless to do anything about it .
the crowd was shocked : almost hamstrung itself . it was like a modern nightmare , the will without the power . but down went the hind legs again as esb rushed triumphantly past . francis dismounted , threw down his whip and wept when he heard the applause for his effort . the last of the bitter pill was that he might have broken the national record has he finished : esb was only four fifths of a second outside it .
the queen mother , who has been on her feet with the rest ( and so were the queen and princess margaret ) accepted the tragedy in regal fashion , and something more than that . when the winning owner , mrs carver , expressed her sympathy , queen elizabeth smiled and said .
oh that ' s racing !
she went at once to see her crestfallen jockey and later came to the windows of the stand to smile and wave to the crowd .
but you could see others weighing up the form for the next race . and , watching them trail over to out their money on , it looked rather like that gesture of wartime pilots , going up into action at once after a disaster , simply to recover their nerve .
© 2018 guardian news and media limited or its affiliated companies . all rights reserved .
jamie vardy scores leicester’s second goal against stoke city at the king power stadium . photograph : michael regan / getty images
claudio ranieri has likened leicester city’s pursuit of the premier league title to a horse race and said he was prepared to “whip them” in march and take a bit of advice from sir alex ferguson .
on this evidence there will be no need for the italian to get off his saddle , or call ferguson for that matter , as leicester , playing like thoroughbreds , returned to the top of the table . perhaps more significantly , they have opened up a 10 - point lead over fifth - placed manchester united with 15 games remaining .
while it is true that leicester have some particularly tricky fixtures coming up , starting with an unpredictable liverpool side at home on tuesday week and followed by back - to - back trips to manchester city and arsenal , the run - in looks much more benign once those games have been negotiated .
this turned into a vintage leicester performance , one of those days when everything went right for them on an afternoon that finished with their supporters singing : “we’re gonna win the league” .
it was only the second game that leicester have won since beating chelsea in the middle of december , the first time that jamie vardy has scored in eight matches and riyad mahrez also looked much like his old self . three big boxes were ticked in that respect .
danny drinkwater also deserves more than a passing mention . an unsung hero in this leicester team , the former manchester united midfielder opened the scoring with his first premier league goal and also played the through ball that released vardy for their second .
by that point stoke were as good as raising the white flag and when leonardo ulloa slid in leicester’s third , following a lovely piece of skill from mahrez , their misery was complete .
it was certainly not much of a way for mark hughes to celebrate his 500th game in management and tempting , given how poorly the visitors performed , to think that stoke’s players had one eye on tuesday’s capital one cup semi - final second leg against liverpool . hughes hopes that ryan shawcross , who limped out of this game in the first half with a back problem , could be fit to play at anfield and also backed his players to bounce back .
ranieri , in contrast , is able to switch off for a few days and has encouraged his players to put their feet up while he goes back to italy . “it was very important to be top of the premier league at the end of january because now comes a very tough february , with liverpool , arsenal and manchester city to come , ” the leicester manager said .
“it is unbelievable but it is good . we are ready to fight . now the players will have three days off so they can clear their minds and then they will come back and we start to work hard again . this league for us is very exciting . ”
so much about leicester’s display gave ranieri pleasure , including drinkwater’s goal . he has been encouraging the 25 - year - old to shoot more often and that advice paid off three minutes before half time . philipp wollscheid only half cleared marc albrighton’s corner and drinkwater , loitering on the edge of the area , drilled a 20 - yard shot that took a deflection off marc wilson , shawcross’s replacement , before beating jack butland .
although joselu’s free header from a glen johnson cross finally forced kasper schmeichel into a save in the 61st minute , that was pretty much stoke’s only attempt on goal . shortly after that chance leicester doubled their lead when vardy , running on to drinkwater’s lofted pass , skipped around butland and tapped into an empty net from an acute angle .
with mahrez becoming more and more influential , leicester were starting to enjoy themselves and added a third three minutes from time . ulloa flicked on schmeichel’s punt upfield and vardy , gambling on the argentinian winning that header , chased the ball into the inside right channel before picking out mahrez .
after a lovely nutmeg of wollscheid , mahrez was able to tee up ulloa and leicester were rampant .
hughes had long seen enough . “it wasn’t a great day for us . we didn’t produce anything of note , to be honest , ” the stoke manager said . “from our point of view we’re looking to bounce back quickly . we’ve got a huge game on tuesday and i back my team to respond . ”
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johnson - thompson rose to twelfth place after jumping 6 . 19 metres stu forster / getty
that means that ennis , one of the best 800 metres runners in the field , can afford to run 13 seconds slower than a woman she is usually much faster than . austra skujyte , of lithuania , remains second after russia’s tatyana chernova , the world champion , failed to mount a lasting challenge . the russian goes into the final event in sixth place , some 314 points adrift . the olympic champion - for a few more hours anyway - nataliya dobrynska , pulled out of the event…
welsh national anthem just before wales beat england 30 - 3 . saturday 16th march 2013
. all this added up to what should have been a happy occasion but fate got in the way and another grand national story was entered in the history books .
was not favorite on that day because two past winners and a future winner were in the race but never the less the horse was fancied by his connections having showed his ability by wining twice that year and also running up a good third at cheltenham that season .
probably the most disappointed person on that day was hm the queen mother but as this remarkable national hunt enthusiast who ' s only concern on the day was for the horse , trainer and jockey , indeed on meeting esp ' s winning trainer and jockey later it was they who were full of tears and the queen mum was later to say when asked of the incident when being interviewed on the television that ' s racing ( a lesson to us all ) .
many theories have been given up to what happened on that day . the jockey said
i ' m convinced that the roar of the crown frightened the horse
, a police officer on duty that day said
there was a dark wet patch on the course and that caused the horse to stumble
, it is also said that the shadow of a fence caused the horse to think there was a fence there and it spooked him . i guess the real reason will never be known but the horse when checked at the stable afterwards was found to be in good health and never showed any sign of an abnormality indeed he went on to win twice after . the theory that i think is most likely is the shadow because this ' jumping of no fence ' is not unique even in the grand national as in 1901 the winner a horse called grundon also did this trick it was reported that he jumped a footpath that he thought was a fence !
as can be seen here was a dejected and was inconsolable on the day and now has a successful career as a writer of racing related thrillers but even he must admit that life is stranger than fiction .
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i was absolutely delighted , ma ' am ,
replied dave dick without thinking .
though dick francis would become the queen mum ' s favourite author , she retained a soft spot for laugh - a - minute dave dick , who never failed to make her chortle with his stream of roguish one - liners .
despite my tactlessness ,
dick told me shortly before his death 14 months ago ,
i like to think we ' ve become great friends . she even invited me to be guest of honour at the official royal ascot lunch to celebrate her 400th winner as an owner . but that was another right royal cock - up wasn ' t it ? my invitation was sent to another dave dick in scotland . sat right next to hm he was . ` who are you ? ' demands the queen mum . ` dave dick ' says he . ` oh , no , you ' re not ' says she . and , of course , he was dave dick . . . just not the right dave dick ' .
it was one of those inane questions hacks sometimes ask for no apparent reason when we find ourselves in the company of greatness and suddenly can ' t think of a thing to say .
i don ' t suppose you ever rode red rum ?
i recently inquired of lester piggott at a racing lunch , regretting the words even as they were being uttered .
round aintree ?
i ventured ( in for a penny in for a pound ) .
lester bestowed a piteous look upon his hapless inquisitor before granting me the most gracious of explanations .
no . i won on red rum on the flat at aintree in 1967 when he was a two - year - old . but my family had a lot of connections with the grand national - and , you can look it up .
and look it up i did . did you know that lester ' s father , keith piggott , trained 1963 winner ayala for pierre raymond , better known in hairdressing circles as ` mr teasie weasie ' ? or that his grandfather , ernie piggott , won the national three times as a jockey aboard jerry m in 1912 , followed by poethlyn in 1918 ( when the wartime race was run at gatwick ) and again 1919 ?
although the cheltenham gold cup remains the ` holy grail ' for jockeys , trainers and owners , the grand national has been the undisputed ` people ' s race ' for 163 years . curiously , however , aintree gained social respectability only in 1900 when the prince of wales ' horse , ambush ii , rode to victory .
thereafter , grand national - winning owners have sashayed into the unsaddling enclosure in all shapes and guises ; from sir charles assheton - smith ( 1912 , 1913 ) , lady nelson ( 1915 ) and lord airlie ( 1924 ) , to holiday camp magnate fred pontin ( 1971 ) , comedian freddie starr ( 1994 ) and footballer ricky george ( 1998 ) , scorer of the winning goal in hereford ' s famous 2 - 1 defeat of mighty newcastle united in the fa cup in 1972 .
when i was a lad i always wanted to be a jockey , but the rest of my family were boxers ; except for my dad , that is , he was an alsatian .
i ' ve got four flat horses in training . the others are round , but i love ' em all to bits just the same .
no , thank you , paul ( the man with the microphone was called ` bob ' ) and may i say how much i like the dress you ' re wearing .
and finally - for those interested - after devoting . . . oh , minutes on end , poring over the form - book , consulting meteorologists about the likely going and studying weights , ages and whatnot of past winners , i can now reveal which noble steeds will be carrying the philip family ' s hard - earned cash come 3 . 45 this afternoon :
2 ) celibate ( which i will most certainly be for the foreseeable future should ' er indoors be less than enamoured by the return on my investment ) .
3 ) marlborough ( after all , i smoke enough of the wretched things ) .
but always remember , i hasten to add , as a wise man once said :
the only way to make money following horses is to carry a brush and shovel .
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just curious if more educated eyes could tell from the video , what caused him to fall ? did he just slip ? or did he injure himself ? couldn ' t find a lot googling . at first i laughed , thought it was just bad luck . but if you watch them walk away , it looked like his front left was buckling under his weight . . . not sure if it was just fatigue , or if it was broken . poor guy , though . . . urltoken
that question has been solidly debated ever since 1956 and even the jockey , dick francis , could not explain it . horse wasn ' t damaged .
pick up dick francis ' s book the sport of queens : the autobiography of dick francis . his 1993 revision has a lengthy chapter on the race and his thoughts on the cause of the freak fall . he laments losing a race every jockey dreams of winning in such a bizarre fashion . he also wrote that losing that race in that way was integral to the man he became - and for that he had no regrets .
thanks for the info . . . had never heard the story before , didn ' t realize it was such a huge event , much less an unexplained one . i love dick francis novels , have never read his autobio before .
darkmoonlady , that ' s the impression i got . maybe he just wasn ' t fit enough ? or was worked too hard that week ? or who knows . being the queen ' s horse , i can ' t imagine him not recieving the best possible care , but horses are still horses .
i think i remember dick francis ' theory was that he recoiled from the sound . francis said that the roar of the crowd in the stretch was unlike anything he had ever heard before on the track - people cheering for the certain royal victory . he says the horse hesitated a little in the stretch , then pricked his ears , then jumped back at the onslaught of sound as soon as he pricked them .
i always attributed it to the hand of god . the crone on the throne has never won , too bad that does not cause the overthrow of the empire but every little bit helps !
we , too , will be remembered not for victories or defeats in battle or in politics , but for our contribution to the human spirit .
jfk
ouch . that ' s unfortunate . what a way to go down in history , especially for a good horse who otherwise had a successful career .
like the baseball player tommy john whose name is now used to describe surgery for ailing pitchers .
the horse had imagined the ditch continues below his head and , reigned out , beyond his immediate vision .
it ' s always looked to me like the horse tried to jump something in the stretch . it ' s one of those great mysteries of the grand national .
there were many theories , some conspiratorial , like that someone let off a shot to put him off his stride , but the noise was lost in the roar . some think he mistook the jump on the adjacent track for a split second and almost made an attempt to jump it .
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the queen mother famously said , “oh that’s racing . ” dick francis retired from the sport the following year and became a crime writer !
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why do so many of us fall at that last hurdle ? business is no different . consider delivering a pitch , and the stress involved in the preparation and delivery . it’s going well and the win seems assured – then as the final question rolls in , one of the team makes a basic error , misjudging their audience or failing to address the client’s key concerns . and yet , you believed you had been so well - prepared and rehearsed .
zajonc found it was tasks which are more complex or with which we are not familiar , that we struggle with in front of others . the lesson for our pitch team ? practice is essential . that time in front of the mirror or with your team running through your parts is absolutely necessary . but equally so is rehearsal – trying it out in front of an audience . real people asking real questions .
after a long day , do you find it harder to resist temptation , often in the form of a glass of wine or a bar of chocolate ? you aren’t unusual . in fact , your behaviour is predictable according to those who study self - regulation .
self - regulation is our ability to screen out distractions and to concentrate , to resist short term gains in favour of longer term benefits and , crucially , to control our emotional responses . it is an ability that becomes depleted as the day wears on . the plethora of stimulus and activity that makes up a working day drains our well of willpower , reducing our ability to regulate our thoughts and behaviours . by the end of the day , our decision - making is affected – our choices are short term and predictable , we are more volatile – more easily swayed by events .
what can be done ? we must accept that we cannot replenish our store of willpower throughout the day , so we must curate it . we can plan our day to ensure that we are at our best when we need to be . a sandwich at your desk amid the emails and phone calls is draining ; a walk in the park at lunchtime can work wonders .
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scoparia vinotinctalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by hampson in 1896 .

it is found in india , where it has been recorded from the nilgiri plateau .

scoparia vinotinctalis

vad betyder scoparia ? här finner du 2 definitioner av scoparia . du kan även lägga till betydelsen av scoparia själv
scoparia är ett släkte av fjärilar som beskrevs av adrian hardy haworth 1811 . enligt catalogue of life ingår scoparia i familjen crambidae , men enligt dyntaxa är tillhörigheten istället fam [ . . ]
scoparia ustimacula c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer in c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875
scoparia rotuellus ( c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer in c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 )
li , w . c . ( 2012 ) . one new species of the genus scoparia haworth , 1811 from china ( lepidoptera : crambidae , scopariinae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterología 40 ( 157 ) 73 - 75 .
scoparia is a grass moth genus ( family crambidae ) of subfamily scopariinae . some authors have assigned the synonymous taxon sineudonia to the snout moth family ( pyralidae ) , where all grass moths were once also included , but this seems to be in error .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
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as of 2012 , there were about 231 species . species occur on every continent except
, 1984 : contribution à l ' étude des scopariinae . 4 . révision des types décrits de la région paléarctique occidentale , description de dix nouveaux taxa et ébauche d ' une liste des espèces de cette région . ( lepidoptera : crambidae ) .
, 1985 : contribution à l ' étude des scopariinae . 5 . quatre nouveaux taxa d ' afghanistan . ( lepidoptera : crambidae ) .
, 1986 : contribution à l ' étude des scopariinae . 6 . dix nouveaux taxa , dont trois genres , de chine et du nord de l ' inde . ( lepidoptera : crambidae ) .
, 1998 : the scopariinae and heliothelinae stat . rev . ( lepidoptera : pyraloidea : crambidae ) of the oriental region - a revisional synopsis with descriptions of new species from the philippines and sumatra .
, 1998 : notes on the scopariinae from taiwan , with descriptions of nine new species ( lepidoptera : crambidae ) .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 3 / 28 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
authors : hampson , george francis , sir , bart . , 1860 - 1936 bell , thomas reid davys scott , francis burgess , 1885 -
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austria , belgium , great britain , hungary , germany , denmark , greece , ireland , italy , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway , poland , romania , sicily , slovakia , the soviet union - the european part , finland , france , czech republic , switzerland sweden , estonia .
regions of the russian federation : european north - west , central european , european southern taiga , the western caucasus , kaliningrad , karelia , mid - volzhsky , south ural .
austria , belarus , belgium , bosnia and herzegovina , the british isles , france , germany , greece ( mainland ) , denmark ( mainland ) , ireland , spain ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , macedonia , netherlands , norway ( mainland ) , the channel islands , poland , portugal ( mainland ) , russia , romania , sicily , slovakia , slovenia , faroe islands , finland , france ( mainland ) , croatia , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia , yugoslavia .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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