poromya granulata , or the granular poromya , is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family poromyidae .

it is unusual among bivalves in being carnivorous .

it is found in more northerly parts of the atlantic ocean .

poromya granulata

variety poromya granulata var . triangularis dall , 1881 accepted as poromya rostrata rehder , 1943
what type of species is poromya granulata ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the poromya granulata species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of poromya granulata species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species poromya granulata .
how to identify poromya granulata marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species poromya granulata . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species poromya granulata are marked in green .
where is poromya granulata found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species poromya granulata can be found .
3b . surface of shell granulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poromya cf . granulata
drawing is reproduced by permission of the author , brian morton , from the article
prey capture in the carnivorous septibranch poromya granulata ( bivalvia : anomalodesmata : poromyacea )
; sarsia , v . 66 , pp . 241 - 256 , 1981 .
gofas , s . ( 2014 ) . poromya granulata . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
poromya cf . granulata ( nyst & westendorp , 1839 ) ( cmphrm 2030a ) . legends : ( a ) and ( c ) external views of the right valve ; ( b ) and ( d ) internal views of the right valve . scale bars : a–d , 1 mm
bogi , c . ; cantagalli g . ( 1986 ) . prima segnalazione di poromya neaeroides seguenza , 1877 in mar mediterraneo . la conchiglia . 202 - 203 : 18 - 19 . [ details ] available for editors
bogi , c . ; cantagalli g . ( 1986 ) . prima segnalazione di poromya neaeroides seguenza , 1877 in mar mediterraneo . la conchiglia . 202 - 203 : 18 - 19 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
poromya also possesses red amoebocytes in the blood stream , which seem to carry a hemoglobin pigment . this and the several modifications described above point to a degree of evolutionary development that few other bivalves have achieved in adapting to new niches .
three species of bivalves , thyasira succisa , lyonsia norwegica and poromya granulate , were recorded for the first time in the adriatic sea during surveys conducted from 2010 to 2012 on offshore relict sand bottoms at a depth range of 45–80 m .
( of panomya granulata ( nyst & westendorp , 1839 ) ) mayhew , r . and f . cole . 1994 ms . a taxonomic discussion and update of shell - bearing marine molluscs recorded from nw atlantic north of cape cod ( excluding greenland ) , and canadian arctic archipeligo . [ details ]
( of panomya granulata ( nyst & westendorp , 1839 ) ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corbula granulata nyst & westendorp , 1839 ) nyst p . h . j . & westendorp g . d . ( 1839 ) . nouvelles recherches sur les coquilles fossiles de la province d ' anvers . bulletin de l ' académie royale des sciences , des lettres et des beaux - arts de belgique , bruxelles 6 ( 2 ) : 393 - 414 [ details ]
( of poromya rotundata jeffreys , 1876 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1876 ) . new and peculiar mollusca of the kellia , cyprina and corbula families , procured in the valorous expedition . annals and magazine of natural history . 4 : 18 - 490 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 494 [ details ]
( of poromya anatinoides forbes , 1844 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of poromya rotundata jeffreys , 1876 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of poromya anatinoides forbes , 1844 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
( of poromya rotundata jeffreys , 1876 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
( of poromya anatinoides forbes , 1844 ) forbes e . ( 1844 ) . report on the mollusca and radiata of the aegean sea , and on their distribution , considered as bearing on geology . reports of the british association for the advancement of science for 1843 . 130 - 193 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 191 [ details ]
the foot ( figs 2 b , e , f , 11 c ; f ) of g . coronata extends through the septal pedal gape ( spg ) in the septal membrane ( sem ) . ventrally , the densely ciliated foot , with an overall length ( when contracted ) of 240 to 300 μm , has a pedal groove ( peg ) that may be the remnant of a juvenile byssal groove if , as in many bivalves , such a structure is produced to assist in the establishment of the juvenile in its chosen habitat . morton ( 1981b ) suggested for poromya granulata that the foot , in addition to being responsible for burrowing , probably also served to push captured prey items into the mouth and seal the opening ; it is likely that the same functions are served by the foot of g . coronata .
nyst p . h . j . & westendorp g . d . ( 1839 ) . nouvelles recherches sur les coquilles fossiles de la province d ' anvers . bulletin de l ' académie royale des sciences , des lettres et des beaux - arts de belgique , bruxelles 6 ( 2 ) : 393 - 414 page ( s ) : 6 [ details ]
( of cumingia parthenopaea tiberi , 1855 ) tiberi n . ( 1855 ) . descrizione di alcuni testacei viventi viventi nel mediterraneo . lettere di nicola tiberi . napoli : gaetano noblie pp . 16 : , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 10 - 12 ; pl . 1 fig . 14 - 18 [ details ]
( of embla korenii lovén , 1846 ) lovén , s . l . ( 1846 ) . index molluscorum litora scandinaviae occidentalia habitantium . öfversigt af kongliga vetenskaps akademiens förhandlingar . ( 1846 ) : 134 - 160 , 182 - 204 . [ offprint : pp . 1 - 50 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
poutiers , j . m . ; bernard , f . r . ( 1995 ) . carnivorous bivalve molluscs ( anomalodesmata ) from the tropical western pacific ocean , with a proposed classification and a catalogue of recent species . in : bouchet , p . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 14 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 167 : 107 - 187 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of embla korenii lovén , 1846 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of cumingia parthenopaea tiberi , 1855 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
janssen r . , krylova e . m . ( 2014 ) . deep - sea fauna of european seas : an annotated species check - list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering europe . bivalvia . invertebrate zoology . vol . 11 . no . 1 : 43–82 [ in english ] . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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broadly subovate ; anterior broadly rounded , ventral gently curved , posterior subtruncate angled to rather long almost straight sloping posterior dorsal margin .
umbos rather prominent ; posterior set off by a weak ridge running from umbo to posterior ventral junction .
overall finely granular , granules arranged in radial rows . concentric sculpture of lines and growth stops .
mostly internal and set on a shallow chondrophore just behind the beaks ; external part small , just behind the beaks .
rv with a projecting cardinal in front of chondrophore ; lv with a posterior ridge - like lateral behind chondrophore and a socket in front of chondrophore to receive rv cardinal .
recorded primarily from northern localities off the north west coast of scotland and the northern north sea . widely distributed in boreal and subarctic waters across the north atlantic . bathymetric ranges from about 70m to the outer shelf and continental margin , becoming progressively deeper further south .
1981 . the functional morphology of atlantic deep water species of the families cuspidariidae and poromyidae ( bivalvia ) : an analysis of the evolution of the septibranch condition .
1839 . nouvelles recherches sur les coquilles fossiles de la province d ' anvers .
bulletins de l ' académie royale des sciences et belles - lettres de bruxelles .
2005 . patterns of bathymetric zonation of bivalves in the porcupine sea bight and adjacent abyssal plain , ne atlantic .
the marine life information network for britain and ireland ( marlin ) provides information for marine environmental management , protection and education . it is a centre of excellence in spatially based and time - series marine biological information and supports good stewardship in the marine environment .
national biodiversity network ' s gateway . use it to explore uk biodiversity data , as contributed by participating data providers .
marbef marbef , a network of excellence funded by the european union and consisting of 94 european marine institutes , is a platform to integrate and disseminate knowledge and expertise on marine biodiversity , with links to researchers , industry , stakeholders and the general public .
observed in a natural position in the sand , with its inhalant siphon fully extended . note the projecting cowl , which is extended for capture of a 2 . 5 mm long crustacean , typical of food found in its stomach . the 15 tentacles and the siphon are a bright red color .
species in the subclass , anomalodesmata , account for over 70 % of all those benthic and abyssal clams that feed carnivorously or by scavenging tissue fragments - - a mode of feeding that is unusual and not at all characteristic of the vast majority of bivalves .
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turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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( nyst & westendorp , 1839 ) . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 140843 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
( of embla korenii lovén , 1846 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
( of cumingia parthenopaea tiberi , 1855 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
janssen r . , krylova e . m . ( 2014 ) . deep - sea fauna of european seas : an annotated species check - list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering europe . bivalvia . invertebrate zoology . vol . 11 . no . 1 : 43–82 [ in english ] . [ details ] available for editors
längd upp till 13 mm . relativt tunnskalig , skör , vänster skalhalva något mindre konvex än höger . bucklor nära mittlinjen , bakre del med list från bucklan till nedre bakkanten . fint granulerad radiär skulptur samt koncentriska linjer och tillväxtlinjer . mantelbukt bred men grund . skal vitt , periostracum brunaktigt .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
längre texter , utöver kriteriedokumentation , har sammanställts av : fredrik pleijel och malin strand 2016 .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
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checklist della flora e della fauna dei mari italiani ( parte i ) . bivalvia .
quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter around offshore gas extraction pl . . .
gas platforms can exert relevant effects on various ecosystem properties of the hosting area , modifying patterns of productivity and particle sedimentation . we hypothesised that the presence of gas platforms is associated with higher organic matter ( om ) contents and we tested the null hypothesis by which benthic trophic conditions do not vary significantly among gas structures with different . . . [ show full abstract ]
anadara kagoshimensis ( mollusca : bivalvia : arcidae ) in adriatic sea : morphological analysis , molecul . . .
morphological analysis , molecular characterization , and information on distribution and density of anadara kagoshimensis ( tokunaga , 1906 ) specimens collected in the adriatic sea were here carried out as based on various material and data from five surveys conducted from 2010 to 2014 , for a total of 329 bottom trawl hauls . the morphological and molecular analyses allowed to clarify the confused . . . [ show full abstract ]
distribution of the sea pens virgularia mirabilis and funiculina quadrangularis ( cnidaria anthozoa ) . . .
occurrence and distribution of the sea pens virgularia mirabilis and funiculina quadrangularis in the northern and central adriatic sea were determined from data collected during five trawl surveys from 2011 to 2015 carried out through rapido trawl . species density data ( number of individuals per km ) were processed to describe their spatial distribution .
occupation : scientist workplace : murmansk marine biological institute ( mmbi ) taxonomic group : malacostraca , cirripedia , pycnogonida e - mail : o . l . zimina @ urltoken
nyst , p . h . & g . d . westendorp 1839 nouvelles recherches sur les coquilles fossiles de la province d ' anvers . bulletin de l ' académie royal ede bruxelles , 6 ( 1 ) : 393 - 414 .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
turgeon , d . d . , w . g . lyons , p . mikkelsen , g . rosenberg , and f . moretzsohn . 2009 . bivalvia ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 711–744 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , colleg
dyntaxa ( 2013 ) swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] .
poutiers , j . m . & f . r . bernard . 1995 . carnivorous bivalve molluscs ( anomalodesmata ) from the tropical western pacific ocean , with a proposed classification and a catalogue of recent species . in : p . bouchet ( ed . ) , résultats des campagnes musorstom , vol . 14 . mémoires muséum national histoire naturelle , 167 : 107 - 187 .
huber m . ( 2010 ) compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom .
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
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by adding new morphological and morphometric data of the shells , the present study may help in the taxonomy of these septibranch species . new collections in the region will probably lead to the discovery of new records of septibranchia .
anomalodesmata dall , 1889 , which diversified early in the palaeozoic , is a monophyletic clade , globally distributed and represented today by a diverse assemblage of highly specialised marine shallow and deep waters bivalves ( harper et al .
) . several families of anomalodesmatans have become carnivorous , showing a series of remarkable anatomical and conchological modifications for the capture of small arthropods and polychaetes ( harper et al .
) . this main group of carnivorous taxa has been grouped together as the ‘septibranchs’ ( harper et al .
) . some analyses of molecular and / or morphological data support a deep division of anomalodesmata into three clades : septibranchia and two lineages corresponding to the ‘lyonsiid’ and largely to the ‘thraciid’ lineages ( harper et al .
) . however , the origin of the carnivorous septibranch mode of life remains unresolved , due to conflicting results from different analyses ( bieler et al .
) . this study will discuss three families within anomalodesmata : poromyidae dall , 1886 , cuspidariidae dall , 1886 , and verticordiidae stoliczka , 1870 .
) . cuspidariids have separate sexes and are carnivores or detritus consumers . their shell is generally small , thin , inflated , and inequilateral , with a rounded and convex anterior end and rostrate or pointed posterior end ( drawn out into the tubular rostrum in many ) ( olsson
verticordiidae , known from the early cretaceous , contains highly modified genera , mostly deep - water infauna capturing and feeding on small invertebrates ( coan et al .
) , 37 species are recorded in these families in brazil : two genus and three species in poromyidae , seven genus and 26 species in cuspidariidae , and five genus and eight species in verticordiidae . studies on the north - north - east coast of brazil are still scarce , with a majority of studies focusing on the south - eastern region ( oliveira
( dall , 1881 ) in brazilian waters , but did not specify the localities .
the present study aims to identify the species of the families poromyidae , cuspidariidae and verticordiidae found in the northern and north - eastern coasts of brazil , reducing the gaps in the geographic distribution and adding new morphological data for the analysed shells .
) and is presented below . cuspidariidae was the most represented family with four genera and six species :
2a . rostrum broader than long …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . myonera aff . paucistriata
2b . rostrum longer than wide …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3a . circular shell with radial ribs and deep lunule . . . . . . . . … . . … . . . . . . . . . … . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . trigonulina ornata
4a . with radial ribs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4b . without radial ribs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5a . strong radial ribs ( 6 to 16 primary ribs ) with interspaces , ribs well marked on the inner surface of the valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cardiomya ornatissima
5b . variable number of radial ribs ( 14–36 ) with interspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6a . external surface with granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plectodon braziliensis
6b . external surface without granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cuspidaria sp .
7a . 14 to 32 radial ribs with different sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cardiomya perrostrata
7b . 15 to 36 radial ribs of equal size , shell with pronounced anterior projection next to umbones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cardiomya cleryana
distribution maps by species of the material examined in this study ( n - ne brazil ) . legends : ap amapá ; pa pará , ce ceará , pe pernambuco , al alagoas , se sergipe
material examined : cmphrm 2030a , 2 right valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 0°29′n 47°24′w .
description : valve small ( 5 . 44–7 . 63 × 5 . 59–8 . 44 mm ) , ovate , both ends rounded , posterior region aslope . color white to cream , inner surface subnacreous . umbones prominent subcentral , turned to the anterior region . outer surface with minute granules spread over the entire surface . internal margins smooth . right valve with a strong cardinal tooth in front of chondrophore .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the coast of pará ( north brazil ) .
because it has an external surface sculptured with fine granules and right valve with a strong cardinal tooth in front of a chondrophore . other four living genera are recognized in poromyidae :
leal , 2008 ( shell strongly compressed in the anteroposterior direction ) ( coan et al .
) , but is distinguished from the latter mainly by the non - elongated posterior end . this difference may be due to the fact that our material is of young specimens . thus , we prefer to identify it as
mainly by “the dentition obsolete except the cardinal tooth of the right valve , which itself is sometimes absent in the adult , though observable in the young shells” ( p . 280 ) ( dall
allen & morgan , 1981 ) , especially regarding ornamentation present in the outer surface .
has a “shell smooth , except that a faint impression of radiating lines is left by the epidermis” ( p . 107 ) ( dall
has a “shell surface with faint , concentric growth lines , about 13 posterior radial lines of granules , more distinct ventrally” ( p . 521 ) ( allen and morgan
. unfortunately , it was not possible to identify more accurately the specimens due to the existence of only two young right valves .
cuspidaria sp . ( cmphrm 3665a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the left valve ; ( b ) internal view of the left valve . scale bars : a–b , 1 mm
material examined : cmphrm 3665a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°29′00″n 48°30′00″w , 09 december 1970 .
description : shell globose ( 11 . 53 mm in length ) , inequilateral , moderately convex , rostrate posteriorly ( 2 . 50 mm in length ) . color white , not shiny . sculptured with fine radial lines . left valve without teeth , with a small fossete .
nardo , 1840 because it has a smooth external surface with fine growth lines , without granules . absalão and oliveira (
present on the continental slope ( 700–2 , 000 m ) of the campos basin ( 22°s ) off southeastern brazil , describing two new species . according to oliveira (
. unfortunately , it was not possible to identify the specimen at a specific level due to its poor preservation and the existence of a single left valve .
plectodon braziliensis ( e . a . smith , 1915 ) ( cmphrm 3684a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the left valve ; ( b ) external view of the right valve ; ( c ) hinge of the left valve ; ( d ) hinge of the right valve . scale bars : a–c , 1 mm ; d , 500 μm
some morphometric data of plectodon braziliensis ( e . a . smith , 1915 ) . comparative data on the length and height of the valves and size of rostrum of the examined material . dimensions in mm . the number in italics means the average value of the measurement
legend : cmphrm - a malacological collection “prof . henry ramos matthews” - series a , val . valve , ( n o ) number of examined valves , r right , l left ; * damaged shell
material examined : cmphrm 3656a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°10′30″n 49°00′18″w , 13 september 1970 ; cmphrm 3658a , 2 right valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°44′30″n 50°07′30″w , 08 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3672a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°54′00″n 49°47′30″w , 09 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3653a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°55′30″n 49°21′30″w , 19 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3655a , 1 valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°01′30″n 49°53′00″w , 09 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3652a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°20′00″n 50°18′00″w , 07 may 1971 ; cmphrm 2020a , 1 right valve and 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°46′00″n 50°46′30″w , 06 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3667a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 1°47′00″n 47°49′00″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3673a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 1°55′30″n 47°41′00″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3654a , 3 right valves and 2 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°01′00″n 47°32′30″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3696a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°06′30″n 48°24′00″w , 23 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3683a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°09′00″n 47°25′30″w , 19 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3684a , 1 right valve and 4 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°53′00″n 48°17′00″w , 14 september 1970 ; cmphrm 715a , 2 right valves and 5 left valves , canopus , brazil , off ceará , 3°13′s 38°31′w , june 1965 to february 1966 ; cmphrm 3697a , 1 right valve , akaroa , brazil , off alagoas , 10°5′7″s 35°47′2″w , 04 november 1965 ; cmphrm 3682a , 1 left valve , canopus , brazil , off sergipe , 11°19′0″s 35°05′0″w , 20 march 1966 ;
description : shell elongate ( 19 . 5 × 12 . 4 mm ) , moderately globose , rostrate posteriorly . dorsal margins obliquely angled on either side of beaks , anterior straight at first , then curving into the rounded end . rostrum rounded posteriorly . color white , inner surface shiny ( polished ) . inequilateral , posterior end longer , umbones slightly opisthogyrate . outer surface with fine growth lines and dense minute granules . hinge in the right valve with elongate ( lamellar ) lateral teeth ( anterior and posterior ) . hinge in the left valve without teeth , with small fossete .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the north - north - east coast of brazil ( amapá , pará , ceará , alagoas , and bahia ) .
because it has minute granules upon the external surface . according to these authors ,
( from the pacific ocean ) mainly by a rose - tinged umbo ( pimpão et al .
in the south - western atlantic and extends the northern distribution limit with new records for off the north - north - east coast of brazil ( amapá , pará , alagoas , and bahia ) . now the amapá coast is its most northern limit .
cardiomya cleryana ( d’orbigny , 1842 ) ( cmphrm 3695a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the right valve ; ( b ) internal view of the right valve ; ( c ) hinge of the right valve . scale bars : a–b , 1 mm ; c , 500 μm
some morphological and morphometric data of cardiomya cleryana ( d’orbigny , 1842 ) . comparative data on the length and height of the valves and size of rostrum of the examined material . dimensions in mm . the number in italics means the average value of the measurement
legend : cmphrm - a malacological collection “prof . henry ramos matthews” - series a , val . valve ; ( n o ) number of examined valves or ribs , r right , l left ; * damaged shell or uncountable
material examined : cmphrm 3670a , 1 valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°27′30″n 50°01′30″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3678a , 1 right valve and 7 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°35′30″n 50°21′00″w , 18 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3681a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°37′00″n 50°01′00″w , 08 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3680a , 2 right valves and 2 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 2°53′00″n 48°17′00″w , 14 september 1970 ; cmphrm 3671a , 1 valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 1°55′30″n 47°41′00″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3679a , 2 right valves and 2 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°1′00″n 47°32′30″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3693a , 3 right valves and 1 left valve , brazil , pernambuco , itamaracá island ; cmphrm 3695a , 1 right valve and 1 left valve , brazil , pernambuco , itamaracá island ; cmphrm 3651a , 1 left valve , akaroa , brazil , 9°27′08″s 35°07′07″w , 08 september 1965 .
description : shell ovate ( 11 . 4 × 6 . 9 mm ) , inequilateral , longer anteriorly , valves inflated , posteriorly rostrate . rostrum sometimes with fine radial lines . color white . umbones opisthogyrate . sculptured with variable number ( 15–36 ) curved radial ribs , that extend beyond the shell edge , yielding a crenulated margin . ribs concentrated in the anterior region , with distance between them increasing from anterior to posterior . hinge in the right valve with strong posterior lateral tooth , small fossete . hinge in the left valve without teeth , with fossete .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the north - north - east coast brazil ( amapá , pará , and alagoas ) and itamaracá island , pernambuco ( northeast brazil ) .
species found in this study mainly by radial ribs with equal sizes and shortly rostrate posteriorly . the anatomy of the arenophilic system of
in the south - western atlantic with new records for off the north - north - east coast of brazil ( amapá , pará , and alagoas ) and itamaracá island , pernambuco ( northeast brazil ) . now off the amapá coast is its northernmost limit .
cardiomya ornatissima ( d’orbigny , 1853 ) ( cmphrm 3649a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the left valve ; ( b ) external view of the right valve ; ( c ) hinge of the left valve ; ( d ) hinge of the right valve . scale bars : a–b , 1 mm ; c–d , 500 μm
some morphological and morphometric data of cardiomya ornatissima ( d’orbigny , 1853 ) . comparative data on the length and height of the valves , size of rostrum and number of ribs of the examined material . dimensions in mm . the number in italics means the average value of the measurement
legend : cmphrm - a malacological collection “prof . henry ramos matthews” - series a , val . valve ; ( n o ) number of examined valves or ribs , r right , l left , pr primary ribs , sr = secondary ribs
material examined : cmphrm 3692a , 2 right valves , 5 left valves and 1 shell , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°48′00″n 51°07′00″w , 31 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3675a , fragments , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°46′00″n 50°46′30″w , 06 may 1971 ; cmphrm 2021a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°46′00″n 50°46′30″w , 06 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3688a , 4 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°35′30″n 50°21′00″w , 18 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3690a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°18′48″n 50°17′06″w , 27 september 1970 ; cmphrm 3674a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°44′30″n 50°07′30″w , 08 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3691a , 7 right valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 3°10′00″n 50°03′00″w , 05 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3694a , 2 right valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 2°53′00″n 48°17′00″w , 14 september 1970 ; cmphrm 3687a , 1 right valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 2°29′00″n 48°30′00″w , 09 december 1970 ; cmphrm 3676a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 2°6′30″n 48°24′00″w , 23 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3689a , 5 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°02′00″n 48°10′00″w , 21 june 1971 ; cmphrm 3677a , 7 right valves and 3 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°1′00″n 47°32′30″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3685a , fragments , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 2°27′00″n 47°45′00″w , 23 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3686a , 3 left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 1°55′30″n 47°41′00″w , 20 april 1971 ; cmphrm 714a , 5 right valves and 8 left valves , canopus , brazil , off ceará , 3°13′s 38°31′w , june 1965 to february 1966 ; cmphrm 3648a , 1 right valve , akaroa , brazil , off alagoas , 9°2′00″s 35°11′7″w , 10 september 1965 ; cmphrm 3649a , 2 shells , akaroa , brazil , off alagoas , 9°06′09″s 35°08′07″w , 10 september 1965 ; cmphrm 3650a , 2 left valves , akaroa , brazil , off alagoas , 9°27′08″s 35°07′07″w , 08 september 1965 .
description : shell ovate ( 13 × 8 mm ) , inequilateral , inequivalve , right valve smaller than left one , posteriorly rostrate . color white , inner surface shiny , outer surface with thin light - brown periostracum . subequilateral , posterior end longer , umbones slightly opisthogyrate . right valve convex , with 6–11 prominent radial ribs with interspaces , broader in the posterior region , that extend beyond the edge , making the crenulated margin , ribs well marked on the inner surface of the valve ; rostrum truncate , with fine secondary ribs ( 1–3 ) and growth lines ; hinge with l elongate ( lamellar ) lateral tooth ( posterior ) , anterior region rounded wih projetion next to umbones , deep fossete . left valve very convex , with 7–16 prominent radial ribs with interspaces , broader in the posterior region , that extend beyond the edge , making the crenulated margin , ribs well marked on the inner surface of the valve ; rostrum median truncate , with fine secondary ribs ( 3–6 ) and growth lines ; hinge without teeth , with deep fossete .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the north - north - east coast of brazil ( amapá , pará , ceará , and alagoas ) .
remarks : cardiomya ornatissima is distinguished from other cardiomya species found in this study mainly by a smaller number of radial ribs that are well - marked on the inner surface of the valve and the presence of secondary ribs in the rostrum .
cardiomya perrostrata ( dall , 1881 ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the right valve ; ( b ) internal view of the right valve ; ( c ) external view of the left valve ; ( d ) external view of the right valve ( cmphrm 3660a ) ; ( e ) hinge of the right valve . a–c ; e ( cmphrm 3662a ) . scale bars : a–e , 1 mm
some morphological and morphometric data of cardiomya perrostrata ( dall , 1881 ) . comparative data on the length and height of the valves , size of rostrum and number of ribs of the examined material . dimensions in mm . the number in italics means the average value of the measurement
material examined : cmphrm 3661a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°27′30″n 50°01′30″w , 18 may 1971 ; cmphrm 3662a , 1 right valve and 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , off amapá , 2°53′00″n 48°17′00″w , 14 september 1970 ; cmphrm 712a , 1 right valve , canopus , brazil , off ceará , 3°13′s 38°31′w , june 1965 to february 1966 ; cmphrm 3657a , 10 right valves and 9 left valves , brazil , pernambuco , itamaracá island ; cmphrm 3659a , 5 right valves and 2 left valves , brazil , pernambuco , itamaracá island ; cmphrm 3660a , 1 left valve , akaroa , brazil , off alagoas , 9°1′0″s 34°55′2″w , 10 september 1965 .
description : shell small ( 14 . 93 × 9 . 45 mm ) , with a long , narrow rostrum ( sometimes with fine lines ) . color white , inner surface shiny . subequilateral , posterior end longer , umbones opisthogyrate . sculptured with 14 to 32 radial ribs alternating in size , every other one being slightly larger than the other , stronger in the posterior region . growth lines well marked in some specimens . crenulated margin . hinge in the right valve with posterior lateral teeth , with small fossete . hinge in the left valve without teeth .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the north - north - east coast of brazil ( amapá , ceará , and alagoas ) and itamaracá island , pernambuco ( northeast brazil ) .
remarks : cardiomya perrostrata is distinguished from other cardiomya species found in this study mainly by radial ribs with different sizes , a long narrow rostrum , and the presence of two posterior lateral teeth in the right valve , while c . cleryana and c . ornatissima have just one lateral tooth .
myonera aff . paucistriata dall , 1886 ( cmphrm 3664a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the left valve ; ( b ) external view of the left valve . scale bars : a–b , 1 mm
material examined : cmphrm 3663a , fragments , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 2°06′30″n 48°24′00″w , 23 april 1971 ; cmphrm 3664a , 1 left valve , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off pará , 1°22′00″n 48°13′00″w , 20 april 1971 .
description : valve small ( 5 . 01 × 3 . 08 mm ) , ovate , shortly rostrate ( 1 mm in lenght ) , with 2 strong keels posteriorly ( 3 ribs well marked and one secondary rib ) . outer surface white and shiny . inequilateral , umbones opisthogyrate . sculptured with radial and concentric lines that ceases just before the anterior keel . the space between and behind kells is smooth . left valve without teeth .
) . in the present study , this species was recorded for off the north brazil ( amapá and pará ) .
species found in brazil by ovate and shortly rostrate shell with two strong keels posteriorly .
, but is distinguished from the latter mainly by its radial and concentric lines and a well - marked third rib . unfortunately , it was not possible to identify the specimens at a specific level due to the existence of a single left valve .
trigonulina ornata d’orbigny , 1842 ( cmphrm 1864a ) . legends : ( a ) external view of the left valve ; ( b ) external view of the right valve ; ( c ) minute granules of outer surface in detail ; ( d ) internal view of the right ; ( e ) internal view of the left valve . scale bars : a–b , 1 mm ; c , 200 μm ; d–e , 1 mm
some morphological and morphometric data of trigonulina ornata d’orbigny , 1842 . comparative data on the length and height of the valves , size of rostrum and number of ribs of the examined material . dimensions in mm
legend : cmphrm - a malacological collection “prof . henry ramos matthews” - series a , val . valve ; ( n o ) number of examined valves or ribs , r right , l left
material examined : cmphrm 1864a , three right valves and three left valves , oc . v . almirante saldanha , brazil , off amapá , 4°46′00″n 50°46′30″w , 06 may 1971 .
description : shell small ( 5 . 6 × 5 . 9 mm ) , equivalve , ovate to rounded , compressed . color white to cream , inner surface silver - white , outer surface opaque ( not shiny ) . umbones subcentral , turned to the anterior region ; deep lunule . ligament long . outer surface with minute granules . 3 / 4 of the anterior surface of the valve sculptured with 10 to 13 curved , deep radial ribs . posterior region without lines . anteroventral margin crenulated by the strong ribs . hinge in the right valve with small cardinal teeth , below umbones . hinge in the left valve without teeth .
geographic distribution : atlantic ocean : bermuda , massachusetts to florida , caribbean , guyane , surinam , brazil ( amapá to rio grande do sul ) and sta . helena island ( rios
) , based on the presence of a series of prominent radial ribs and the crenulation of the posteroventral margin . according to oliveira (
although several studies have been carried out in brazil with the families poromyidae , cuspidariidae , and verticordiidae in the last few years ( e . g . ( oliveira
) ) the knowledge about these families is still far from complete , as shown by the new records done in this study . the present study shows the possibility of two new species of septibranchs to brazil . however , it was not possible to reach conclusive identifications due to the scarce materials ( one valve of each species ) and its poor preservation .
this study provide new knowledge about septibranchia on the brazilian coast , reducing the gaps in the geographic distribution and extending the distribution limits of some species with new records . new collections probably will discover new records of poromyidae , cuspidariidae , and verticordiidae in the region .
) . the studied material was deposited in the malacological collection “prof . henry ramos matthews” - series a ( cmphrm - a ) of universidade federal do ceará ( ufc ) , brazil .
species identification was performed with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope and specialized taxonomic literature . the examined material consists only of empty shells . all unbroken specimens were measured in total length , height , and size of the rostrum ( for members of the cuspidariidae ) with a digital caliper ( precision 0 . 01 mm ) . species with more than one well - preserved shell were photographed under a scanning electron microscope ( sem ) at the museu nacional , rio de janeiro , brazil .
the above specimens were used to prepare a dichotomous identification key and redescription of each species .
the lists of examined material contain the register number in the cmphrm - a , the number of examined valves , the collector , the country , the state , the geographic coordinates , and the collection date .
the authors thank paul valentich - scott , natalia pereira benain and one anonymous referee for valuable comments on the manuscript . the authors wish to also thank joão eduardo pereira de freitas for the photographs used in this study .
cxb , ss and sgr participated in the acquisition , analysis and interpretation of data . cxb drafted the manuscript . hmc conceived of the study , and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript . all authors read and approved the final manuscript .
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thiotricha oleariae is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by hudson in 1928 .

it is found in new zealand , where it has been recorded from the central part of the north island south to stewart island .

adults are grey with darker markings .

the larvae feed on the foliage of olearia species , including olearia solandri from within a portable case .

they mine and erode the leaves .

thiotricha oleariae

oleariae hudson , 1928 ; butt . & moths n . z . : 254
thiotricha pontifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 196
thiotricha synodonta meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 45
thiotricha fridaella legrand , 1958 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 63 : 142
thiotricha atractodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : queensland , cairns
thiotricha complicata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi
thiotricha nephodesma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha obvoluta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha oxygramma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha polyaula meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha rhodomicta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha synacma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha xanthaspis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha ( thiotrichinae ) ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343
thiotricha amphixysta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha attenuata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha aucupatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : peru , iquitos
thiotricha celata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha clepsidoxa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha coleella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 55 ; [ fe ]
thiotricha hamulata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 162 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
thiotricha hexanesa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha janitrix meyrick , 1912 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 2 ) : 64 ; tl : bengal , pusa
thiotricha obliquata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha rabida meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha cuneiformis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
thiotricha pancratiastis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha pyrphora meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
thiotricha scioplecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , shilleong , 5000ft
thiotricha corylella omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 209
thiotricha flagellatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha fusca omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 204
thiotricha indistincta omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 205
thiotricha termanthes meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha tetraphala meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : dunedin , new zealand
thiotricha thorybodes meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : christchurch , new zealand
thiotricha xanthodora meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : burma , pyinmana
thiotricha balanopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis ; borneo , kuching
thiotricha hemiphaea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , toowoomba
thiotricha acrantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha acronipha turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , stradbroke island
thiotricha characias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : palni hills
thiotricha chrysantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha embolarcha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : java , mt . salak , 4500ft
thiotricha epiclista meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha grammitis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha hoplomacha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha rhodopa meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha argyrea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : n . queensland , atherton
thiotricha clinopeda meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft ; ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha galenaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha glenias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha nephelodesma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 280 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .
thiotricha orthiastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 591 ; tl : rawalpindi , punjab
thiotricha pancratiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha saulotis meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha scotaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha trapezoidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha tylephora ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha centritis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft
thiotricha galactaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft
thiotricha panglycera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 117 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns and kuranda
thiotricha prosoestea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 116 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda near cairns
thiotricha anticentra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
thiotricha balanopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha chrysopa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
thiotricha clidias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , celon
thiotricha cuneiformis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha delacma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : s . india , palnis , kodaikanal , 7000ft
thiotricha margarodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : rosewood , queensland
thiotricha pteropis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha tethela ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha animosella ; meyrick , 1908 , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
thiotricha majorella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 47 ; [ me3 ] , 37 ( note ) ; [ fe ]
thiotricha niphastis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : york , west australia
thiotricha arthrodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
thiotricha oxyopis ; bradley , 1961 , bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 ; [ nhm card ]
thiotricha paraconta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : wollongong , new south wales
thiotricha bullata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
thiotricha leucothona meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : murrurundi and sydney , new south wales
thiotricha oxytheces meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales
thiotricha prunifolivora ueda & fujiwara , 2005 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , takatsuki city , bochikoen
thiotricha parthenica meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 297 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; george ' s bay , tasmania
thiotricha angelica bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha eremita bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 , pl . 5 , f . 111 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha melanacma bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 133 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha tethela bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha subocellea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 51 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75 ; [ fe ]
thiotricha synodonta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
korea , china ( jilin ) , japan , se . siberia . see [ maps ]
chinochrysa diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 10
gelechia ( ptocheuusa ) cleodorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 355 , pl . 5 , f . 120 ; tl : bogota
ptocheuusa coleella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 255 , pl . 10 , f . 16 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
polyhymno corylella ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 107
dissobola meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 561
polyhumno fusca ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108
gemmulans meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 63
polyhymno ? godmani walsingham , [ 1892 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1891 : 525 ; tl : west indies , st . vincent
polyhymno indistincta ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108
polyhymno laterestriata walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 78
lindsayi philpott , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 58 : 84
herzegovina , croatia , n . italy , s . france ( alpes - maritimes ) , greece . see [ maps ]
ptocheuusa majorella rebel , 1910 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 60 : 28 ; tl : herzegovina
microrrhoda meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586
polyhymno pontifera ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
larva on symplocos prunifolia ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 81
eu , european russia , china ( gansu , shaanxi , jilin ) , japan . see [ maps ]
syncentritis meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586
mystax trapezoidella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 138 ; tl : kasakewitsch
mystax trichoma caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 136 ; tl : kasakewitsch
polyhymno tylephora meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 68
anacampsis wollastoni walsingham , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1894 : 545 ; tl : madeira
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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it is threatened by habitat loss .

manus monarch

the manus monarch was originally placed in the genus monarcha until moved to symposiachrus in 2009 . alternate names include the admiralty islands monarch , admiralty monarch , admiralty pied monarch , somber monarch and unhappy monarch .
manus monarch ( symposiachrus infelix ) is a species of bird in the monarchidae family .
the manus monarch ( symposiachrus infelix ) is a species of bird in the family monarchidae . it is endemic to the admiralty islands of papua new guinea .
file : black - naped monarch ( hypothymis puella puella ) female on nest . jpg
female pale - blue monarch on a nest constructed on a fork in a tree .
not globally threatened . currently considered near - threatened . restricted - range species : present in admiralty islands eba . scarce or locally common . fairly common on manus , . . .
eiao monarch , pomarea fluxa – extinct ( late 1970s ) . formerly included in p . mendozae
nuku hiva monarch , pomarea nukuhivae – extinct ( 20th century ) . formerly included in p . iphis
ua pou monarch , pomarea mira – extinct ( c . 1986 ) . formerly included in p . mendozae
clement , p . ( 2018 ) . manus monarch ( symposiachrus infelix ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the monarch flycatchers ( monarchidae ) comprise a family of passerine birds which includes boatbills , shrikebills , paradise flycatchers , and magpie - larks .
the monarch flycatchers ( monarchidae ) comprise a family of passerine birds which includes boatbills , shrikebills , paradise - flycatchers , and magpie - larks .
all monarch - flycatchers are arboreal and insectivorous . they forage by gleaning and snatching arthropods from vegetation or , in true flycatcher fashion , they sally after flying insects . monarchids are typically . . .
14·5–15 cm . a small to medium - sized pied monarch with white tail , thin and narrow bill . nominate race has black face , forehead and forecrown to side of neck , bluish - . . .
the nests are in turn often aggressively defended by monarch flycatchers . in all species the nest is an open cup on a branch , fork or twig . in some species the nests can be highly conspicuous .
the nests are in turn often aggressively defended by monarch flycatchers . in all species the nest is a open cup on a branch , fork or twig . in some species the nests can be highly conspicuous .
monarch - flycatchers may be uncommon or abundant , depending on the species and its requirements , and on environmental factors . near armidale , in south - eastern australia , the population density of leaden flycatchers . . .
monarch - flycatchers are predominantly birds of the old world tropics , where they are found in sub - saharan africa , madagascar , southern asia , wallacea and australasia and on islands in the indian and pacific . . .
list of species of the monarch - flycatchers ( monarchidae ) family . each species provides information on taxonomy , descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation and bibliography .
the monarch - flycatcher family , as presently defined , is a diverse group of small , slim - bodied , generally active arboreal birds , many of which are handsomely plumaged . its members range in size from the warbler - like . . .
more recently , the grouping has been refined somewhat as the original concept of corvida has proven paraphyletic . the narrower ' core corvine ' group now comprises the crows and ravens , shrikes , birds of paradise , fantails , monarch flycatchers , drongos and mudnest builders .
more recently , the grouping has been refined somewhat as the original concept of corvida has proven paraphyletic . the narrower ' core corvine ' group now comprises the crows and ravens , shrikes , birds of paradise , fantails , monarch flycatchers , drongos and mudnest builders . [ 8 ]
the majority of the family is found in forest and woodland habitats . species that live in more open woodlands tend to live in the higher levels of the trees but , in denser forest , live in the middle and lower levels . other habitats used by monarch flycatchers include savannah and mangroves , and the terrestrial magpie - lark occurs in most australian habitats except the driest deserts .
the majority of the family is found in forest and woodland habitats . species that live in more open woodlands tend to live in the higher levels of the trees but , in denser forest , live in the middle and lower levels . other habitats used by monarch flycatchers include savannah and mangroves , and the terrestrial magpie - lark occurs in most australian habitats except the driest deserts .
while the majority of monarch flycatchers are resident , a few species are partially migratory and one , the satin flycatcher , is fully migratory , although the japanese paradise flycatcher is almost entirely migratory . the asian paradise flycatcher is migratory over the northern parts of its range and sedentary in the tropics , and the african paradise flycatcher makes a series of poorly understood intra - african migratory movements .
the monarch - flycatchers are generally monogamous , with the pair bonds ranging from just a single season ( as in the african paradise - flycatcher ) to life ( the elepaio ) . only three species are known to engage in cooperative breeding ; but many species are as yet unstudied . they are generally territorial , defending territories that are around 2 ha in size , but a few species may cluster their nesting sites closely together . nesting sites may also be chosen close to aggressive species , for example leaden flycatchers nests may be located near the nests of the aggressive noisy friarbird . [ 4 ] the nests are in turn often aggressively defended by monarch flycatchers . in all species the nest is an open cup on a branch , fork or twig . in some species the nests can be highly conspicuous .
while the majority of monarch - flycatchers are resident , a few species are partially migratory and one , the satin flycatcher , is fully migratory , although the japanese paradise - flycatcher is almost entirely migratory . the asian paradise - flycatcher is migratory over the northern parts of its range and sedentary in the tropics , and the african paradise - flycatcher makes a series of poorly understood intra - african migratory movements .
coates , b . , dutson , g . & filardi , c . ( 2018 ) . monarch - flycatchers ( monarchidae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the monarch flycatchers have a mostly old world distribution . in the western end of their range they are distributed through sub - saharan africa , madagascar and the islands of the tropical indian ocean . they also occur in south and southeastern asia , north to japan , down to new guinea and most of australia . the family has managed to reach many pacific islands , and several endemic genera occur across micronesia , melanesia and polynesia as far as hawaii and the marquesas .
the monarch flycatchers have an mostly old world distribution . in the western end of their range they are distributed through sub - saharan africa , madagascar and the islands of the tropical indian ocean . they also occur in south and southeastern asia , north to japan , down to new guinea and most of australia . the family has managed to reach many pacific islands , and several endemic genera occur across micronesia , melanesia and polynesia as far as hawaii and the marquesas .
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race coultasi distinctive , with white rump and most of uppertail ( 3 ) , reduced white on wing - coverts ( 1 ) and tendency to form complete white collar ( 1 ) ; further study needed . two subspecies recognized .
what do ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) mean ? learn more about the scoring system .
song a series of high - pitched whistles ; long , low whistle and harsh chattering or grating scolding . . .
no information on diet . usually solitary or in pairs . forages at lower to middle levels in forest trees . forages with tumbling flycatching . . .
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previously included in monarcha , but genetic studies # r # r indicate that such treatment renders monarcha polyphyletic , so separate genera required # r .
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this species is classified as near threatened because it is thought to have a moderately small population which is likely to be declining owing to ongoing logging activities .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : symposiachrus infelix . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests . it is threatened by habitat loss .
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following the taxonomy applied to hbw alive , derived from the recently published hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world , this family now contains species that were formerly considered to comprise the family mudlarks ( grallinidae ) . see link for information on this group .
only subscribers have complete access to the families of the hbw alive . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
small to medium - sized passerines with broad - based , often deeply compressed bill , usually slender legs with strongly curved claws , some species with greatly elongated central rectrices ; plumage variable , from modest to brightly coloured , often with rufous , grey , white or black , some species glossy blue .
the broad flat bill , the stiff bristles around the nares , and a general similarity in hunting behaviour led early ornithologists to group the world’s numerous “flycatcher” radiations together . with more detailed morphological studies and , later , molecular analyses , these gross similarities . . .
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monarchids of both sexes are vocal birds , although , in the case of many sexually dimorphic species , songs are given only by the male . generally , the songs are whistled and the calls are harsh or raspy , . . .
the diet of all monarchids that have been sufficiently well studied consists predominantly of insects and small spiders ( araneae ) . this is likely to be true for the family as a whole , although the food . . .
the breeding habits of about one third of the species in the family are well known or moderately well known . for the remainder , however , little or , in some cases , no information is available . the nests and / or eggs of some 30 of the family’s 97 species are still undescribed .
the majority of the monarchidae are residents or sedentary tropical species , but eight species are migratory or partly migratory . typically , migratory species , including the japanese paradise - flycatcher and the . . .
largely as a result of their small size , their forest habitats and their unremarkable calls , monarchs have a very limited relationship with humans . the paradise - flycatchers are visually the most spectacular members . . .
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a detailed list of the species of the family is displayed to our subscribers , showing the following columns : genus , species , common name , conservation status , figure , and the check mark . above the table , a tiny search engine is displayed to facilitate the filtering of the species .
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monarchids are small insectivorous songbirds with long tails . they inhabit forest or woodland across sub - saharan africa , south - east asia , australasia and a number of pacific islands . only a few species migrate . many species decorate their cup - shaped nests with lichen . [ 1 ]
many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups , largely on the basis of general morphology or behaviour . the magpie - lark , for example , was assigned to the same family as the white - winged chough , since both build unusual nests from mud rather than vegetable matter . the australasian fantails were thought to be allied with the fantails of the northern hemisphere ( they have a similar diet and behaviour ) , and so on .
with the new insights generated by the dna - dna hybridisation studies of sibley and his co - workers toward the end of the 20th century , however , it became clear that these apparently unrelated birds were all descended from a common ancestor : the same crow - like ancestor that gave rise to the drongos . [ 5 ] on that basis they have been included as a subfamily of the dicruridae , along with the fantails , [ 6 ] although christidis and boles have more recently treated it at familial rank as monarchidae . [ 7 ]
the monarchs are small to medium - sized insectivorous passerines , many of which hunt by flycatching .
file : asian paradise flycatcher ( terpsiphone paradisi ) - male w img 9283 . jpg
mulder , raoul ; robert ramiarison and rayonné e . emahalala ( 2003 ) .
ontogeny of male plumage dichromatism in madagascar paradise flycatchers
marchant , s ( 1983 ) .
suggested nesting association between leaden flycatchers and noisy friarbirds
.
sibley , charles gald & ahlquist , jon edward ( 1990 ) : phylogeny and classification of birds . yale university press , new haven , conn .
cracraft j , barker fk , braun m , harshman j , dyke gj , feinstein j , stanley s , cibois a , schikler p , beresford p , garcía - moreno j , sorenson md , yuri t , mindell dp ( 2004 ) .
phylogenetic relationships among modern birds ( neornithes ) : toward an avian tree of life
. in cracraft j , donoghue mj .
del hoyo , j . ; elliott , a . ; christie , d . , eds . ( 2006 ) .
this article is part of project bird families , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird family , including made - up families .
this article is part of project bird taxonomy , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on every order , family and other taxonomic rank related to birds .
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songbirds with long tails . they inhabit forest or woodland across sub - saharan africa , south - east asia , australasia and a number of pacific islands . only a few species migrate . many species decorate their cup - shaped nests with lichen .
) . only three species are known to engage in cooperative breeding ; but many species are as yet unstudied . they are generally
many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups , largely on the basis of general morphology or behaviour . the magpie - lark , for example , was assigned to the same family as the white - winged chough , since both build unusual nests from mud rather than vegetable matter . the australasian fantails were thought to be allied with the fantails of the northern hemisphere ( they have a similar diet and behaviour ) , and so on .
although christidis and boles have more recently treated it at familial rank as monarchidae .
the monarchs are small to medium - sized insectivorous passerines , many of which hunt by flycatching .
garnett , stephen ( 1991 ) . forshaw , joseph , ed . encyclopaedia of animals : birds . london : merehurst press . pp . 200–201 . isbn 1 - 85391 - 186 - 0 .
duston , guy ( 2006 ) .
the pacific shrikebills ( clytorhynchus ) and the case for species status for the form sanctaecrucis
( pdf ) . bulletin of the british ornithological club 126 ( 4 ) : 299–308 .
mulder , raoul ; robert ramiarison and rayonné e . emahalala ( 2003 ) .
ontogeny of male plumage dichromatism in madagascar paradise flycatchers terpsiphone mutata
. journal of avian biology 33 ( 4 ) : 342–348 . doi : 10 . 1034 / j . 1600 - 048x . 2002 . 02888 . x .
marchant , s ( 1983 ) .
suggested nesting association between leaden flycatchers and noisy friarbirds
. emu 83 ( 2 ) : 119–122 . doi : 10 . 1071 / mu9830119 .
christidis , l . ; boles , w . e . ( 1994 ) . the taxonomy and species of birds of australia and its territories . melbourne : raou .
christidis , l . ; boles , w . e . ( 2008 ) . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . canberra : csiro publishing . p . 174 . isbn 978 - 0 - 643 - 06511 - 6 .
cracraft j , barker fk , braun m , harshman j , dyke gj , feinstein j , stanley s , cibois a , schikler p , beresford p , garcía - moreno j , sorenson md , yuri t , mindell dp ( 2004 ) .
phylogenetic relationships among modern birds ( neornithes ) : toward an avian tree of life
. in cracraft j , donoghue mj . assembling the tree of life . new york : oxford univ . press . pp . 468–89 . isbn 0 - 19 - 517234 - 5 .
del hoyo , j . ; elliott , a . ; christie , d . , eds . ( 2006 ) . handbook of the birds of the world , volume 11 : old world flycatchers to old world warblers . barcelona : lynx edicions . isbn 84 - 96553 - 06 - x .
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the satin flycatcher is fully migratory , breeding in southern australia and migrating to northern australia and new guinea .
, defending territories that are around 2 ha in size , but a few species may cluster their nesting sites closely together . nesting sites may also be chosen close to aggressive species , for example
asian paradise flycatcher terpsiphone paradisi male at ananthagiri hills , in rangareddy district of andhra pradesh , india .
garnett , stephen ( 1991 ) . forshaw , joseph . ed . encyclopaedia of animals : birds . london : merehurst press . pp . 200–201 . isbn 1 - 85391 - 186 - 0 .
duston , guy ( 2006 ) . [ expression error : missing operand for >
the pacific shrikebills ( clytorhynchus ) and the case for species status for the form sanctaecrucis
] ( pdf ) . bulletin of the british ornithological club 126 ( 4 ) : 299–308 .
mulder , raoul ; robert ramiarison and rayonné e . emahalala ( 2003 ) . [
^ sibley , charles gald & ahlquist , jon edward ( 1990 ) : phylogeny and classification of birds . yale university press , new haven , conn .
christidis l , boles we ( 1994 ) . the taxonomy and species of birds of australia and its territories . melbourne : raou .
christidis l , boles we ( 2008 ) . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . canberra : csiro publishing . pp . 174 . isbn 9780643065116 .
cracraft j , barker fk , braun m , harshman j , dyke gj , feinstein j , stanley s , cibois a , schikler p , beresford p , garcía - moreno j , sorenson md , yuri t , mindell dp ( 2004 ) .
phylogenetic relationships among modern birds ( neornithes ) : toward an avian tree of life
. in cracraft j , donoghue mj . assembling the tree of life . new york : oxford univ . press . pp . 468–89 . isbn 0195172345 .
del hoyo , j . ; elliot , a . & christie d . ( editors ) . ( 2006 ) . handbook of the birds of the world . volume 11 : old world flycatchers to old world warblers . lynx edicions . isbn 849655306x .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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