the napo saki ( pithecia napensis ) , also known as the napo monk saki , is a species of saki monkey , a type of new world monkey .

its range includes parts of eastern ecuador and northern peru .

the name is derived from the napo river in its locality .

this species was originally described by lönnberg as the subspecies pithecia monachus napensis and has been treated as a synonym of p. monachus monachus .

hershkovitz retained it under p. monachus in 1987 , but it was raised to full species status in 2014 .

napo saki

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dear goshan your comments make our staff in napo wildlife center and kichwa añangu comunity full feel of proud and energy to continue improving in our project . best regards
generally , sexual dimorphism—differences in size , color , and / or body structure between the male and female of a species—is subtle among sakis . however , in species such as the guianan saki , sexual dimorphism is distinct . guianan males have all - black , shaggy , long fur coats with a pale , yellow - orange face and black nose ; female guianans have gray - brown fur coats with white - tipped hairs and white stripes on the sides of their noses
long , coarse hair covers the saki’s body , including its bushy , tapered tail . fur color varies from black , to gray , to rust , depending on species . the hair on their body and tail piloerects ( “stands on end” ) when the monkeys perceive a threat—giving the illusion that the monkeys are bigger than their actual size . a moppy head of hair , akin to a bad toupee , sits above a fuzzy face ( the faces of some species are naked , however ) , and long hair drapes over their shoulders like a furry cape .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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no one has contributed data records for pithecia monachus napensis yet . learn how to contribute .
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new world monkeys : new world monkeys are native to central and south america , whereas old world monkeys are native to africa and asia . new world monkeys tend to be smaller than old world monkeys , typically have prehensile ( grasping ) tails , and color vision . visit primate facts for additional differences in physical characteristics between new world vs . old world primates . genus : a group of related animals or plants that includes several or many different species . disturbed habitat : a temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem . secondary forest : a forest that has regrown after a major habitat disturbance , such as fire or timber harvest ( including clear cutting of a forest ) , but has not yet reached the mature state of primary forest . . palm swamp : palm swamps are formed in low , seasonally inundated flat areas with poor drainage and are characteristic of the amazon basin . these particular swamps are dominated by a 115 - foot tall ( 35 - m ) palm tree known as the aguaje . ecosystem : a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment .
both males and females are equipped with distinct throat glands that they use for scent marking .
) . early wildlife biologists had mistakenly identified the distinct chest ruff of sakis as a “beard” ; however , later biologists determined that “truly bearded sakis” are a separate species .
diet sakis are mainly frugivores ; that is , they feast predominantly on fruits , which comprise 90 percent of their diet . but they are a special kind of frugivore . whereas some monkey species seek out lush , ripe fruit , sakis have a penchant for unripe fruits . they also enjoy munching on seeds , which they grind between their teeth with assistance from their powerful jaws . the remaining 10 percent of their diet consists of leaves , insects , and spiders .
sakis are called “flying monkeys” by locals because of the speed and agility the monkeys use to leap from tree to tree .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .


fagesia is a small , subglobular ammonite ( suborder ammonitina ) belonging to the vascoceratid family of the acanthocerataceae that lived during the turonian stage of the late cretaceous , 92-88 ma ago .

the shell of fagesia is about 9.5 cm ( 3.47 in ) in diameter , typically with blunt umbilical tubercles from which spring 2 or three ribs each , but which are lost in the late growth stage .

the suture is ammonitic with long spikey lobes and saddles with rounded subelements .

fagesia

belongs to fagesia according to f . barroso - barcenilla and a . goy 2009
tree of life web project . 2000 . fagesia . version 01 january 2000 ( temporary ) .
no one has contributed data records for edwardsiella ( fagesia ) yet . learn how to contribute .
fagesia shastensis : cas 2358 . 01 , a shell . its type locality is middle fork of cottonwood creek , which is in a turonian marine siliciclastic in california .
( of edwardsiella ( fagesia ) carnea ( gosse , 1856 ) ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
the ammonites assigned to the genera fagesia pervinquière , and neoptychites kossmat , of the wiedmann ( tübingen , germany ) and goy , carretero and meléndez ( madrid , spain ) collections obtained from the iberian trough have been revised . new mainly lower turonian specimens of the species fagesia catinus ( mantell ) , f . tevesthensis ( peron ) , f . rudra ( stoliczka ) , f . superstes ( kossmat ) , f . . . . [ show full abstract ]
the ammonites assigned to the genera fagesia pervinquière , and neoptychites kossmat , of the wiedmann ( tübingen , germany ) and goy , carretero and meléndez ( madrid , spain ) collections obtained from the iberian trough have been revised . new mainly lower turonian specimens of the species fagesia catinus ( mantell ) , f . tevesthensis ( peron ) , f . rudra ( stoliczka ) , f . superstes ( kossmat ) , f . pachydiscoides spath , and neoptychites cephalotus ( courtiller ) have also been presented . in addition we have described one new species : f . mortzestus . studies of the morphologies and the geographical and stratigraphical distributions of all these species have led to the identification of several phylogenetic relationships between them , and to distinguishing one main phase in the evolution of the family vascoceratidae douvillé , characterised by the dominance of fagesia with neoptychites .
( of fagesia carnea ( gosse , 1856 ) ) van der land , j . ; den hartog , j . h . ( 2001 ) . actiniaria , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 106 - 109 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
. . . it seems to coincide with the 3 rd order depositional sequence uza - 2 . 5 ofhaq et al . ( 1988 ) and with the sequences dc - 6a and dc - 6b of floquet ( 1998 ) , ucof wrightoceras with donenriquoceras , in the pseudotissotiidae , of hoplitoides , in the coilopoceratidae , and the upper part of fagesia with neoptychites , with the species spathites ( jeanrogericeras ) obliquus , spathites ( jeanrogericeras ) reveliereanus , spathites ( jeanrogericeras ) combesi , spathites ( ingridella ) depressus , spathites ( spathites ) laevis , spathites ( spathites ) sulcatus , mammites nodosoides , fagesia superstes , neoptychites cephalotus , wrightoceras munieri , donenriquoceras forbesiceratiforme and hoplitoides ingens . in it , the taxonomic diversity is comparatively high ( 12 species ) , and among the represented forms the endemic ones stand out , such as s . ( j . ) obliquus , s . ( i . ) depressus and s . ( s . ) sulcatus ( santamaría - zabala , 1995 ; barroso - barcenilla 2007 ) , together with those which seem to have arisen by means of processes more or less marked of adaptation to the platform palaeoenvironments , such as s . ( j . ) combesi and f . superstes ( batt , 1989 ; westermann , 1996 ) . . . .
the ' plattenkalk ' of vallecillo , approximately 100 km north of monterrey in north - eastern mexico , has yielded an ammonite assemblage of both north american ( western interior ) and tethyan elements , comprising tragodesmoceras bassi morrow , quitmaniceras reaseri powell , watinoceras coloradoense ( henderson ) , pseudaspidoceras pseudonodosoides ( choffat ) , p . flexuosum powell , mammites nodosoides ( schlüter ) , vascoceras birchbyi cobban and scott , fagesia catinus ( mantell ) , f . superstes ( kossmat ) , and a few indeterminate forms . the excellent pres - ervation of the shells , for instance of apertures , stomach contents or spines joined to the body chambers of p . flexuosum , as well as the occasional presence of aptychi , indicate rapid burial shortly after death . correlation with the cenomanianeturonian boundary gssp at pueblo , colorado , indicates continuous deposition from the latest cenomanian to the early turonian at vallecillo . the index species p . flexuosum shows a diachro - nous first appearance datum between the two sections .
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parent taxon : vascoceratidae according to w . j . kennedy and a . s . gale 2016
see also barroso - barcenilla and goy 2009 , chancellor 1982 , cobban and hook 1983 , ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 , kennedy 1994 , kennedy et al . 2008 , kennedy and simmons 1991 , kennedy et al . 1987 , meister 1989 , reyment 1954 , sepkoski 2002 and zaborski 1987
see also anderson 1958 , chancellor 1982 , faraud 1940 , ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 , kennedy 1994 , kennedy and simmons 1991 , kennedy et al . 1987 , meister 1989 and renz 1982
average measurements ( in mm ) : shell width 97 . 5 , shell diameter 201 . 6
daly , m . ; fautin , d . ( 2018 ) . world list of actiniaria .
fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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please note : entries in the above species list are the original binomina of species according to carlgren ' s 1949 catalog . nomenclatorial inconsistencies need to be resolved in a future revision of this genus ( see below ) .
edwardsiidae with the column divisible into scapus and scapulus , the former very long and provided with an usually strong , sometimes very thick cuticle . aboral end rounded , flattened or rarely physa - like . scapus without nemathybomes and tenaculi , with nematocysts either scattered or arranged in groups . scapulus often ridged with numerous nematocysts on the ridges . tentacles 6 + 6 + 12 to about 40 , the inner longer than the outer ones . a single , ventral siphonoglyph . mesenteries as in edwardsia . retractors diffuse , fairly restricted , parietal muscles well developed . cnidom : spirocysts , basitrichs , microbasic b - and p - mastigophors .
carlgren , o . 1949 . a survey of the ptychodactiaria , corallimorpharia and actiniaria . kungl . svenska vetenskapsakadamiens handlingar , series 4 , volume 1 , number 1 .
the information provided on this page is based on oscar carlgren ' s 1949 catalog .
please note that carlgren ' s text contains a number of errors , and much of the information is now out of date . an update of the catalog is currently under preparation in daphne fautin ' s laboratory , and the results of this work will be incorporated in future versions of this page .
keyboarding of carlgren ' s catalog was done as part of a project to create an electronic database of the sea anemones of the world , funded by nsf grant deb9521819 , awarded to daphne g . fautin . this grant is in the program partnerships to enhance expertise in taxonomy ( peet ) . susanne hauswaldt , katherine pearson , and april wakefield - pagels contributed to the keyboarding effort .
each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .
for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .
tree of life design and icons copyright © 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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van der land , j . ; den hartog , j . h . ( 2001 ) . actiniaria , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 106 - 109 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
hayward , p . j . ; ryland , j . s . ( ed . ) . ( 1990 ) . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe : 1 . introduction and protozoans to arthropods . clarendon press : oxford , uk . isbn 0 - 19 - 857356 - 1 . 627 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
dyntaxa . ( 2013 ) . swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] . , available online at http : / / urltoken [ details ]
( of milne carnea ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of milne - edwardsia carnea ( gosse , 1856 ) ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of edwardsia carnea gosse , 1856 ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of edwardsia microps gosse ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of favesia ( milne - edwardsia ) carnea ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of halcampa microps gosse , 1858 ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
well - defined , slightly polygonal due to thickening of the body wall between the macrocnemes .
this pretty little anemone occurs in holes and crevices amongst rocks , particularly the empty , or even occupied , borings of piddocks . it is found in sheltered places out of the light , such as beneath overhangs or in caves , often forming large local populations . when exposed by the receding tide the tentacles are retracted leaving only the white or yellow tip of the introverted
visible ; thus it may prove difficult to find and is frequently overlooked , although common in some areas . it occurs from about mtl to shallow water offshore .
recorded from all coasts of britain but is most common in the south and west . elsewhere it is known from south scandinavia and north france and may extend to the mediterranean (
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. . . suture not completely preserved but preserved part consisting of narrow and denticular lobes with wide , convex , and denticular saddles ( fig . 12a5 ) . , 1907 ; robaszynski et al . , 1990 ; chancellor et al . , 1994 ; meister & abdallah , 2005 ) , jordan ( ali et al . , 2008 ) , israel ( freund & raab , 1969 ) , spain ( barroso - barcenilla goy , 2009 ) , and france ( kennedy & wright , 1979b ) . in egypt , it is known from the lower turonian of khashm el tarif , central east sinai ( ali & abdel - gawad , 2001a ) , and the eastern desert ( el qot , 2008 ) . . . .
cenomanian - turonian ammonites from eastern sinai , egypt , and their biostratigraphic significance . beringeria 42
depositional sequences and cephalopod assemblages in the upper cenomanian - lower santonian of the iberian peninsula ( spain and portugal ) .
1 , identificar las secuencias y parasecuencias deposicionales del santoniense - maastrichtiense de la cuenca ibérica . 2 , posicionar las unidades litoestratigráficas actuales respecto de las secuenci…
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the ammonite genus vascoceras choffat , 1898 ( family vascoceratidae douville , 1912 ) in the iberian tr . . .
the ammonites assigned to the genus vascoceras of the wiedmann ( universität tubingen , germany ) and goy , carretero and meléndez ( universidad complutense de madrid , spain ) collections obtained from the upper cenomanian and lower turonian of the iberian trough have been revised . subsequently , new representatives of the species vascoceras gamai , v . charoni sp . nov . , v . barcoicense , v . durandi , v . . . . [ show full abstract ]
the ammonites assigned to the family pseudotissotiidae of the wiedmann ( tübingen , germany ) and goy , carretero and meléndez ( madrid , spain ) collections obtained from the iberian trough have been revised . new , mainly lower turonian , specimens of the species pseudotissotia sp . , choffaticeras ( choffaticeras ) quaasi ( peron , 1904 ) , c . ( c . ) pavillieri ( pervinquière , 1907 ) , c . ( c . ) segne ( solger , . . . [ show full abstract ]
new ammonite successions from the upper cenomanian and lower turonian of the iberian trough are studied and compared with the assemblages obtained by other authors . as a result , the upper cenomanian eucalycoceras rowei , calycoceras ( calycoceras ) naviculare , neolobites vibrayeanus , metoicoceras mosbyense , metoicoceras geslinianum , vascoceras gamai and spathites ( jeanrogericeras ) subconciliatus , . . . [ show full abstract ]
revision and new data of the ammonite family acanthoceratidae de grossouvre , 1894 , from the lower tu . . .
the ammonites assigned to the family acanthoceratidae de grossouvre , 1894 , from the wiedmann ( tübingen , germany ) and goy , carretero and meléndez ( madrid , spain ) collections obtained from the lower turonian of the iberian trough have been revised . new specimens of the species spathites ( jeanrogericeras ) tavense ( faraud , 1940 ) , s . ( j . ) saenzi ( wiedmann , 1960 ) , s . ( j . ) postsaenzi ( wiedmann , . . . [ show full abstract ]
revision and new data on the coniacian ammonite genus hemitissotia in the iberian peninsula ( spain a . . .
the types of the species of the coniacian ammonite genus hemitissotia peron , 1897 , identified in the iberian peninsula ( spain and portugal ) , which are currently held in the wiedmann ( universität tübingen , germany ) and choffat ( instituto geológico e mineiro , portugal ) collections , have been revised and refigured . new specimens of the taxa hemitissotia ceadouroensis choffat , 1898 , . . . [ show full abstract ]
. . . peyrot et al . ( 2007 peyrot et al . ( , 2008 ) provided the first palynological studies . the palaeontological and biostratigraphical conclusions reached by barroso - barcenilla ( 2004 ) were contrasted with the results obtained from other regions by barroso - barcenilla ( 2006 ) and were presented by barroso - barcenilla ( 2007 ) , barcenilla and goy ( 2007 , 2010 ) and , who identified 29 cephalopod species and proposed a new ammonite zonation for the upper cenomanian and lower turonian succession of the iberian trough . in recent years , other relevant studies of fossil groups and geochemical isotopes similar to those analysed in the present paper have been described in other sections that are closely or broadly related to the puentedey section , such as those of lamolda ( 1977 ) , herngreen ( 1980 ) , colin et al . ( 1982 ) , lamolda et al . ( 1989 , 1997 ) , babinot and crumiè airaud ( 1990 ) , garcía - zá rraga and rodríguez - lá zaro ( 1990 ) , rodríguez - lá zaro and garcía - zá rraga ( 1992 ) , paul et al . ( 1994 ) , peryt and lamolda ( 1996 ) , fig . 1 . . . .
. . . the sequence stratigraphy of the upper cretaceous of the iberian trough was studied in detail by several authors , such as gräfe andwiedmann ( 1993wiedmann ( , 1998 ) andgräfe ( 1994gräfe ( , 1996 ) , in the outer navarro - cantabrian platform and the north - castilian sector ; andsegura et al . ( 2001 ) , gil et al . ( 1993 ) , gil ( 1994 , gil and garcía ( 1996 ) and garcíahidalgo et al . ( 2003 ) , in the central sector . among them , the works of floquet ( 1998 ) and these works , those by mallada ( 1891 , 1892 ) , karrenberg ( 1935 ) , wiedmann ( 1960 , 1964 , 1975a , 1975b , 1979 ) , mojica and wiedmann ( 1977 ) , wiedmann andkauffman ( 1978 ) , segura andwiedmann ( 1982 ) , carreteromoreno ( 1982 ) , meléndez - hevia ( 1984 ) , santamaría - zabala ( 1991 , 1995 ) , gräfe andwiedmann ( 1993 ) , martínez et al . ( 1996 ) , küchler ( 1998 ) , barroso - barcenilla ( 2004 , 2006 , 2007 ) , barrosobarcenilla and goy ( 2007 ) and barroso - barcenilla et1 . - geographic general location ( a ) and stratigraphic context of the main spanish ( b ) and portuguese ( c ) studied sections and other mentioned places . photographic views of the outcrops of puentedey ( d ) , condemios ( e ) , salmanha ( f ) and nazaré ( g ) . fig . . . .
. . . the main part of the cephalopods collected in the upper cenomanian and the lower turonian of the it ( barrosobarcenilla , 2006 , 2007 barroso - barcenilla and goy , 2007 ) and the wpcp ( callapez , 1998callapez , , 2003callapez and ferreira soares , 2001 ) do not present signs of taphonomic resedimentation or reelaboration ( sensufernández - lópez , 2000 ) , and the few that show any of these signs do not seem to have suffered notable alterations . therefore , it can be considered that all of them maintain their respective original stratigraphic positions ( callapez , 1998 ; barroso - barcenilla , 2006 ) . . . .
. . . in northern africa , the metoicoceras geslinianum zone of chancellor et al . ( 1994 ) in tunisia and lehmann and herbig ( 2009 ) in morocco are timeequivalent . furthermore , it was also recognized by barroso - barcenilla ( 2007 ) in spain . the metoicoceras geslinianum zone is one of the standard zones in the middle upper cenomanian of nw europe ( kennedy 1984 ; hancock 1991 ) and the tethyan region ( gradstein et al . 2004 ) . . . .
integrated biostratigraphy and inter - regional correlation of the cenomanian–turonian deposits of wad . . .
the cenomanian–turonian succession exposed in the wadi feiran , sinai , egypt , is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments belonging to the raha ( at the base ) , abu qada and wata formations . biostratigraphically , the succession has been subdivided into five ammonite zones , which are coeval with five planktic foraminiferal zones . the foraminiferal zones are the late cenomanian hedbergella . . . [ show full abstract ]
edwardsiella carnea is translucent pale orange in colour , with white or yellow markings on the column beneath the disc . the disc may have powdering of white or yellow colour . this species may form large local populations . the tentacles are long and also translucent pale orange in colour . there can be up to 36 of them , but generally there are only 28 . the column is elongated and approximately 2 . 5 cm in length and 4 mm in diameter .
recorded from plymouth , torquay , port erin ( isle of man ) , millport ( clyde ) , tenby , and holm bay ( strangford lough ) in ireland . for other records see distribution map .
this species lives in holes and crevices and empty or possibly occupied borings of piddocks . it can be found in sheltered places that are out of the light , e . g . beneath overhangs or in caves .
the tentacles are long and there can be up to 36 but generally there are only 28 .
the column is elongated and approximately 2 . 5 cm in length and 4 mm in diameter .
howson , c . m . & picton , b . e . , 1997 . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . belfast : ulster museum . [ ulster museum publication , no . 276 . ]
manuel , r . l . , 1988 . british anthozoa . london : academic press . [ synopses of the british fauna , no . 18 . ]
picton , b . e . & costello , m . j . , 1998 . biomar biotope viewer : a guide to marine habitats , fauna and flora of britain and ireland . [ cd - rom ] environmental sciences unit , trinity college , dublin . , urltoken
stephenson , t . a . , 1935 . the british sea anemones , vol . 2 . london : ray society .
peckett , f . 2003 . edwardsiella carnea a sea anemone . in tyler - walters h . and hiscock k . ( eds ) marine life information network : biology and sensitivity key information reviews , [ on - line ] . plymouth : marine biological association of the united kingdom . [ cited 09 - 07 - 2018 ] . available from : urltoken
marine life information network ( marlin ) , the marine biological association of the uk ( see contact us ) © 2018 the marine biological association of the uk , all rights reserved .
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. . . each assemblage provided insight into faunal dynamics during isolated time slices of the late campanian and early maastrichtian of ne mexico . the upper cretaceous of the region turned out to be a
crossroad
between major ammonite provinces ( ifrim et al . 2004ifrim et al . , 2005ifrim et al . , 2015bstinnesbeck 2007 , 2008 ) and regarding other marine organisms ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; vega et al . 2007 ; fuchs et al . 2010 ; giersch et al . 2011 ; . the fossils described here were discovered by el and vh northwest of botellos , a quarter of the town cerralvo , nuevo león ( textfig . . . .
. . . ammonites , planktonic foraminifers ) and with the paleogeographic reconstructions of the area ( e . g . goldhammer and johnson , 2001 ; stinnesbeck et al . , 2005 ; ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ; gonzález sánchez et al . , 2007 ) . aragonitic shells of ammonites and gastropods are recrystallized to calcite . . . .
. . . by the beginning of the turonian , provincialism was still not well defined : the realms were not well expressed , rather a subdivision into smaller provinces is noticeable ( freund and raab 1969 ) . the former realms re - established rapidly with the recovery from oae 2 faunal crisis ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; ) . central atlantic faunas differ from the rest of the tethyan realm ( compare e . g . , kawabe 2003 ; kennedy et al . 2005a ; ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; nagm et al . 2010 ) , but both are mixed in brazil ( seeling and bengtson 2002 ) . . . .
. . . the former realms re - established rapidly with the recovery from oae 2 faunal crisis ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; ) . central atlantic faunas differ from the rest of the tethyan realm ( compare e . g . , kawabe 2003 ; kennedy et al . 2005a ; ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; nagm et al . 2010 ) , but both are mixed in brazil ( seeling and bengtson 2002 ) . this is the first clear expression of a new realm , the atlantic realm which is established more or less permanently from now on . . . .
. . . by the beginning of the turonian , provincialism was still not well defined : the realms were not well expressed , rather a subdivision into smaller provinces is noticeable ( freund and raab 1969 ) . the former realms re - established rapidly with the recovery from oae 2 faunal crisis ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; ) . central atlantic faunas differ from the rest of the tethyan realm ( compare e . g . , kawabe 2003 ; kennedy et al . 2005a ; ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; nagm et al . 2010 ) , but both are mixed in brazil ( seeling and bengtson 2002 ) . . . .
. . . the former realms re - established rapidly with the recovery from oae 2 faunal crisis ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; ) . central atlantic faunas differ from the rest of the tethyan realm ( compare e . g . , kawabe 2003 ; kennedy et al . 2005a ; ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 ; nagm et al . 2010 ) , but both are mixed in brazil ( seeling and bengtson 2002 ) . this is the first clear expression of a new realm , the atlantic realm which is established more or less permanently from now on . . . .
. . . although this distributional mode is similar to that of inoceramids , strong differences in the extinction and recovery patterns have been documented between the two groups ( harries , 1993 ) . we suggest that ammonite hatchlings dwelled in oxygenated , shallow water levels close to the surface , perhaps protected by algal mats or empty ammonite shells fl oating close to the surface , supported by the presence of small ( ~ 5 mm ) ammonite shells in the body chamber of large ammonite shells ( ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . . . .
. . . this interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis of batt ( 1989 ) and westermann ( 1996 ) that heavily spinose morphotypes dwelled in the open water . on the other hand , morphotypes interpreted to have had a demersal , i . e . swimming but bottom - related mode of life such as heteromorphs ( scaphites - like morphotype such as worthoceras , openly coiled morphotypes such as allocrioceras , puebloites , or straight baculites , see new interpretation of this genus by kruta et al . , 2011 ) are absent at vallecillo , but present in coeval localities in texas and the western interior seaway ( see summary in ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . our data suggest that at least the most abundant ammonite species from vallecillo completed their life cycles in the upper water layers . . . .
. . . their hatchlings dwelled in oxygenated , water levels close to the ocean surface , perhaps protected by algal mats or empty ammonite shells floating near the surface . this hypothesis is supported by the presence of small ( ca . 5 mm ) ammonite shells in the body chamber of large ammonite shells found at vallecillo ( ifrim , 2006 ; ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . . . .
. . . therefore represents not only the first record of glyphiteuthis outside the old world , it is the first early late cretaceous gladius from the americas . the new record supports the interpretation that the gulf of mexico region was part of a tethyan province during the early late cretaceous ( ifrim and stinnesbeck 2007 , 2008 ) . . . .
. . . empty ammonoid shells were reused in various ways by other organisms . the most outstanding examples are the inhabitation of empty shells by hermit crabs ( fraaije , 2003 ) and their use as scaffoldings for cirripedes ( witter , 1996 ; ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . in addition , shells lying on the seafloor often trapped lightweight materials , such as smaller ammonoid shells , plant remains , and pumice grains , that were swept by weak bottom currents ( = sheltered preservation ; maeda , 1987 , 1991 ; zaton and marynowski , 2006 ; olivero , 2007 ) . . . .
. . . a taxonomic description of the fossil reptiles was recently published by . regarding vallecillo invertebrates , only the taxonomy of ammonites was hitherto discussed in detail ( ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . here we present a description of the inoceramid assemblage . . . .
. . . inoceramids are the only benthic organisms documented from vallecillo . inoceramus pictus , mytiloides hattini , m . puebloensis , m . goppelnensis , and m . kossmati are described here , whereas ammonites were recently described ( ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 ) . both ammonites and inoceramids allow for a biostratigraphic correlation of the vallecillo section with the gssp and the european reference section at eastbourne , uk . . . .
. . . the ammonites and inoceramid bivalves known from vallecillo , and also the planktonic foraminifers preserved in the sediment , allow for a very detailed biostratigraphic zonation of the vallecillo section ( ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 , in press ) , summarized infigure 2 . the base of the turonian stage is present in the lowest part of the section , giving an early turonian age to all mosasauroid fossils known from vallecillo . the assemblage of planktonic foraminifers changes over the section . . . .
. . . the mollusks are a mixed western interior– tethyan assemblage , owing to the paleogeographic position of vallecillo at the junction of the western interior seaway and the expanding atlantic ocean ( fig . 5 ) . the vallecillo area is thus considered to be part of both the western tethyan and the north american molluscan faunal provinces ( ifrim and stinnesbeck , 2007 , in press ) . all mosasauroid remains discussed here , and also three fossil turtles and the tooth of a pliosaur ( buchy et al . , 2005 ) , were found by quarrymen during extraction of rocks . . . .
it has been difficult to explain the origin of the biota southern south america . there are many models and continental configurations ; however , despite many advances in molecular phylogeny and pale…
[ more ]
cenomanian - turonian high - resolution biostratigraphy of north - eastern mexico and its correlation with . . .
thin - bedded and millimetrically laminated platy marly limestone quarried near vallecillo , north - eastern mexico , contains abundant excellently preserved marine fossils . planktic foraminifers , inoceramids , and ammonites occur throughout the 7 . 7 - m - thick section of this plattenkalk and provide a precise and detailed biostratigraphic zonation from the uppermost cenomanian to early turonian , with a . . . [ show full abstract ]
upper cretaceous ( cenomanian turonian and turonian coniacian ) open marine plattenkalkdeposits in ne . . .
in ne mexico , the cenomanian - turonian plattenkalk of vallecillo ( state of nuevo león ) and the turonian - coniacian plattenkalk of múzquiz ( state of coahuila ) yield abundant fossil vertebrates and invertebrates with an exceptional preservation of soft parts . inoceramid bivalves are the only benthic organisms in both deposits . they allow for detailed biostratigraphic subdivisions , precise dating . . . [ show full abstract ]
comment on
the oldest stratigraphic record of the late cretaceous shark ptychodus mortoni agassiz , . . .
paleobiology and paleoecology of the early turonian ( late cretaceous ) ammonite pseudaspidoceras flex . . .
during the early turonian , pseudaspidoceras flexuosum was a common ammonite in low and intermediate latitudes . at vallecillo section , northeastern mexico , 160 specimens were recovered from the section , allowing for quantitative analysis . the combination of quantitative data with sedimentology and geochemistry allow for erection of a differentiated model for the mode of life of p . flexuosum . . . . [ show full abstract ]


the tentacled flathead ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) or crocodilefish is a member of the order scorpaeniformes , an order which also includes the scorpionfishes and stonefishes .

it is found in the western indian ocean ; the red sea .

the species now also occurs in the mediterranean , having invaded as a lessepsian migrant through the suez canal .

tentacled flathead

a tentacled flathead ( crocodilefish ) sits on the sand , waiting for prey to swim by .
crocodile fish carpet flathead underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals carpet flathead in world of wildlife .
macro of the eye of a tentacled flathead ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) , . . stock photo , picture and royalty free image . image 8932203 .
macro of the eye of a tentacled flathead ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) , also known as a crocodile fish . taken in the wakatobi , indonesia .
underwater close up flathead scorpion fish . picture of flathead scorpion fish in the tropical reef of the red sea , dahab , egypt .
stock photo - macro of the eye of a tentacled flathead ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) , also known as a crocodile fish . taken in the wakatobi , indonesia .
tentacled flathead ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) , also known as a crocodile fish , camouflaged on a coral reef while looking into the camera . taken in the wakatobi , indonesia .
crocodile fish underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals carpet flathead in world of wildlife .
crocodile fish carpet flathead underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals papilloculiceps longiceps in world of wildlife .
crocodile fish underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals carpet flathead papilloculiceps longiceps in world of wildlife .
crocodile fish carpet flathead papilloculiceps longiceps underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals in world of wildlife .
crocodile fish carpet flathead close - up underwater red sea . amazing relax video about marine tropical animals papilloculiceps longiceps in world of wildlife .
flathead fish in coral underwater red sea . colorful world of wild marine nature on background of beautiful lagoon . awesome video of wildlife in egypt .
high definition crocodilefish tentacled flathead background from aquatic collection for desktop , multi - monitor , apple ios and google android devices in full hd , widescreen , 2k qhd , 4k uhd , 5k , 8k ultra hd resolutions . if you can ' t find the exact resolution you are looking for , go for
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gilberto rodríguez . marine biologist . m . sc . , university of miami , usa . ph . d . , university of wales , uk . emeritus researcher , instituto venezolano de investigaciones científicas ( ivic ) . address : centro de ecología , ivic , apartado 21827 , caracas 1020 - a , venezuela . e - mail : grodrigu @ urltoken
héctor suárez . biologist , universidad de oriente , venezuela . research associate , ivic .
la dispersión antropogénica de crustáceos decápodos es parte de un fenómeno que actualmente adquiere características de un cambio ambiental global . de las 10000 especies conocidas de decápodos se han registrado 58 especies marinas , 8 dulceacuícolas - estuarinas y 21 cangrejos de ríos ( astacura ) que se han desplazado de sus áreas originales de distribución . las migraciones lessepsianas a través de canales , la introducción accidental por transporte marítimo y la importación para acuicultura son los mecanismos responsables de esta dispersión . en venezuela se han introducido 4 especies de camarones peneídeos , el camarón de río
y 3 especies de brachiuros . los crustáceos decápodos están particularmente bien adaptados por su anatomía y fecundidad para colonizar nuevas áreas y establecer poblaciones explosivas .
the anthropogenic dispersal of decapod crustaceans is part of an event that in recent years has acquired characteristics of a global environmental change . from the 10000 species of decapods so far recorded in the world , 58 marine species , 8 freshwater - estuarine species and 21 river crabs ( astacura ) have been recorded outside their original areas of distribution . lessepsian ms through channels , accidental maritime transport and introduction for aquaculture have been the mechanisms responsible for these dispersals . four penaeid species , the freshwater shrimp
, and 3 brachyuran crabs have been introduced in venezuela . due to their characteristic anatomy and high fecundity the decapod crustaceans are particularly apt for the colonization of new areas and the establishment of explosive populations .
a dispersão antropogênica de crustáceos decápodes é parte de um fenômeno que atualmente adquire características de uma mudança ambiental global . das 10000 espécies conhecidas de decápodes foram registradas 58 espécies marinhas , 8 doceacuícolas - estuarinas e 21 caranguejos de rios ( astacura ) que foram deslocados de suas áreas originais de distribuição . as migrações lessepsianas através de canais , a introdução acidental por transporte marítimo e a importação para aqüicultura são os mecanismos responsáveis desta dispersão . na venezuela foram introduzidas quatro espécies de camarões , peneídeos , o camarão de rio
e 3 espécies de brachiuros . os crustáceos decápodes estão particularmente bem adaptados por sua anatomia e fecundidade para colonizar novas áreas e estabelecer populações explosivas .
the suez canal is an unparalleled situation where two biogeographical provinces , previously totally separated , enter into contact and interpenetrate . the pharaonic connection between the red and mediterranean seas from the 13th to the 8th centuries bc , allowed the migration of very few species due to the low salinity there prevailing ( por , 1971 ) . the present canal , projected and built by ferdinand - marie de lesseps ( 1805 - 1894 ) was inaugurated on november 1869 . the channel spans 160 km , from the bay of suez in the red sea to port said in the mediterranean , using the intermediate manzala , timsah and bitter lakes .
there are at present 40 species of decapods in the mediterranean accounted for as lessepsian migrants ( table i ) while , on the contrary , the number of species dispersed in the area through ships ballast water is considered negligible . the occasional presence of the lobster thennus orientalis , first recorded in 1896 in fiume , italy ( elton , 1958 ) , can be explained by transport on ships hulls .
the kiel canal , built between 1887 and 1895 in an extent of 98 km , links the north sea with the baltic sea , from the mouth of the elbe river to the kiel bay , bypassing the detour along the danish peninsula . it is possible that the estuarine mud crab rhithropanopeus harrisii found its way to the baltic through the kiel canal , after its introduction in the netherlands , since its first record in that sea , in 1936 , was from the baltic end of the canal ( wolff , 1954 ) . in other respects , this canal is of little biogeographical relevance .
the panama canal spans 64 km from coast to coast . although its lake - lock design and the presence of a wide freshwater zone supplied by the chagres river precludes any lessepsian migration , at both ends of the present canal several fouling and perforating organisms ( pholadid bivalves , teredos , cirripeds , bryozoans , and other ) usually considered as natives of the opposing ocean , can be observed . these are euryhaline forms that can withstand transport through the freshwater section attached to the hulls of local vessels that have been moored for a long time ( carlton , 1985 ) .
it has been extensively debated whether it is possible that the ballast water discharged at opposite sides of the canal , since its aperture in 1914 , could be an
active
mechanism for the transport . carlton ( 1985 ) recorded 9 invertebrates and 4 fishes for which this mechanism is possible and 5 invertebrates and 2 fishes for which it is probable . among the decapod species , transport in ballast water is considered a possible mechanism for rhithropanopeus harrisii and the freshwater crab neorhynchus alcocki found in pedro miguel lock . eurypanopeus dissimilis , found in the third lock , ranges from florida to brazil and its presence in the panama canal is not unusual .
several species of crabs , such as pachygrapsus transversus , plagusia chabrus , p . depressa , p . tuberculata , planes minutus , carcinides maenas , menippe convexa , etc . , have been observed attached to ships hulls ( wolff , 1954 ) . this was a convenient means of dispersal for crabs when the old wooden hulls were in use , but it became unavailable with the modern metallic hulls , antifouling paints and reduced stowage time . no decapods were detected during a two - year survey of 89 vessels of different types that moored at new zealand ports , although 45 species of sessile invertebrates were found ( skerman , 1960 ) .
ballast water offers the most effective mechanism for the introduction of exotic decapod species , although it has been confirmed only in a few instances ( carlton , 1985 ) . larval stages of decapod crustaceans have been recovered from ballast tanks in viable conditions ( chu et al . , 1997 ) . rees and catley ( 1949 ) proposed this mechanism for the introduction of the larvae of processa equimana , living in the north sea plankton , into the mediterranean and red sea , but carlton ( 1985 ) considered this unlikely . furthermore , the north sea form has been described as a different species , p . modica , with the subspecies p . modica carolii in the mediterranean .
peters and panning ( 1933 ) reviewed the available evidence for the first implant of the chinese crab eriocheir sinensis in the north sea , from 1912 , via ballast water . subsequently large populations of this crab have colonized the european brackish waters and have extended to california and canada , apparently using the same transport mechanism ( cohen and carlton , 1997 ) .
ship cargo also seems to play a role in the transport of organisms . the saber crab platychirograpsus spectabilis was transported in a cargo of cedar logs from tabasco state , mexico , to hillsborough ( st . petersburg ) , florida , where it has become permanently established ( marchand , 1946 ) .
these and similar structures can be slowly towed across the ocean , with the submersed parts unprotected by antifouling paints , and stay anchored for extended periods of time in different parts of the world . in this way was transported the japanese shore crab plagusia dentipes , observed alive in california after a trans - pacific cruise of 61 days on a self - powered drilling platform , which had been working for four years between japan and malaysia ( benech , 1978 ) . similar circumstances are mentioned for the transport of plagusia tuberculata , together with an encrusting community of cirripeds , on an oil platform built in japan and transported to new zealand , after a voyage of 68 days ( foster and williams , 1979 ) .
according to zenkevitch ( 1963 ) two mediterranean shrimps , palaemon adspersus and p . elegans , were accidentally introduced into the aral sea with species of mullets . we have already mentioned the possible introduction of rhithropanopeus harrisii along the atlantic coast of the united states , with oysters , and of carcinus maenas , into san francisco bay , with algae used for packing of living bait ( cohen and carlton , 1997 ) . the dispersal of several species of crayfish throughout the united states , orconectes rusticus for instance ( table iii ) , is attributed to their escape from containers of living bait used by sport fishermen ( taylor and redmer , 1996 ) .
cohen and carlton ( 1997 ) recorded 16 cases of interception of living specimens of eriocheir sinensis at san francisco airport between 1989 and 1995 , with the confiscation of 10 to 50 specimens on each occasion . this species is sold alive in asian food markets in the united states ( lemaitre , 1995 ) .
the trade of organisms for aquaria is another means of dispersal . living specimens of atya scabra and procambarus clarkii can be observed frequently at the pet shops in caracas .
the species of peneaidae most frequently cultured are marsupenaeus japonicus and penaeus monodon , but the possibility exists of an increase in the culture of nine other species , p . semisulcatus , farfantepenaeus aztecus , fenneropenaeus indicus , f . penicillatus , sergestes orientalis , litopenaeus schmitti , l . setiferus , l . stylirostris and l . vannamei ( liao and huang , 1982 ) . farfantepenaeus aztecus is already under experimental culture in aquacop station , in tahiti , since 1975 , and l . stylirostris in corpus christy , texas , and crystal river , florida , from approximately the same date . m . japonicus was the first species cultured in the world after the research by hudinaga in 1934 . by 1942 its full culture had been achieved , but only after world war ii it was established on a commercial basis . in the united states shrimp culture began by the native species l . setiferus and f . aztecus in 1963 , and f . duorarum in 1968 . this same year liao began the culture of p . monodon in taiwan .
although the penaeids have being cultured in shrimp farms for an extended period of time , there is little information in the literature on the escape of these species and its effects on the natural ecosystems . the information available on the dispersal of m . japonicus in the mediterranean sea indicates that , at least under conditions of biological poverty , the species is able to propagate rapidly into the recipient communities .
a vibriosis producing bacterial hemorragic septicemia is frequently found in penaeid cultures in asia and south america . the ethiological agent , vibrio harveyi , has been detected in shrimp farms in venezuela , infesting l . vanamei vanamei and l . stylyrostris , but it is also present in feral populations of l . schmitti and several species of marine and estuarine fishes ( alvarez et al . , 1998 ) .
) . it has been introduced through all the american continent , except in nicaragua , belize , chile , paraguay and bolivia . in the caribbean it is farmed in the dominican republic , puerto rico , dominica , guadalupe , martinica , saint lucia and trinidad - tobago ( fao , 1995 ) .
the crayfishes of the families astacidae and parastacidae are strictly freshwater organisms . according to hobbs et al . ( 1989 ) it would be impossible to mention all the introductions of astacids since in many cases , or in the majority , they have not been recorded ( table iii ) . the largest diversity of species occurs in north america , where hobbs ( 1989 ) reported 271 species and subspecies native to canada , usa and mexico . several species have been transplanted within north america itself . this is the case of orconectes rusticus , which has displaced two other native species of orconectes in illinois ( taylor and redmer , 1996 ) . these displacements can affect the ecosystem through the reduction in the density of macrophytes ( lodge and lorman , 1987 ) and benthonic macroinvertebrates ( houghton et al . , 1998 ) .
another species that has extended its intracontinental distribution is cherax destructor , from australia , which has furthermore reached intercontinentally to washington state . the most notable case of intercontinental expansion is presented by procambarus clarkii , which has spread out to all continents , except australia and antarctica . laurent and forest ( 1979 ) summarized the damages produced by this species as follows :
in japan it was introduced since 1930 ( from 18 specimens ) . a short time afterwards it pullulated , destroying rice fields and ditches , producing populations of 2000 k / hectare and not been used by the people [ as food ] in kenya it produced rapidly enormous populations not exploited by the natives breaking the fishing gears and interfering with the breeding of tilapia
.
authorization for the introduction of marsupenaeus japonicus , p . monodon , litopenaeus stylirostris and l . vannamei was granted by the ministry of agriculture of venezuela on november 1984 . the original areas of distribution of the two former species are in the indian ocean and the western pacific , and of the other two on the pacific coast of america .
this species was introduced in 1980 , into a small shrimp farm in margarita island , by la salle foundation . although its culture in the country has been unsuccessful , pereira et al . ( 1996 ) found a wild population in the orinoco delta in 1996 . they considered that this species passed into the natural environment between 1991 and 1993 .
one specimen of this crayfish ( total length 8 . 2 cm , ivic reference collection ) was captured in a pond of the officers club ( circulo militar ) in caracas . as mentioned before , the species is available at pet shops in the city .
, a species from the indopacific and red sea regions that has migrated to the mediterranean and several localities in the caribbean , has been recorded by hernández and bolaños ( 1995 ) from eastern venezuela . ( 2 )
, recorded by hernández and bolaños ( 1995 ) from eastern venezuela , had not been previously observed outside its original area of distribution , between california and peru , and a misidentification by these authors cannot be ruled out . ( 3 )
was observed by the first time in 1957 in several localities of the tablazo and strait of maracaibo ( rodríguez , 1963 ; rodríguez and morales , 2000 ) . as the species was already very abundant in this estuary in 1957 , it should have been introduced several years before , possibly in the ballast water of oil tankers involved in the intense traffic between the local oil terminals and the eastern coast of the united states .
from approximately 10000 species of decapod crustaceans described in the world , 88 are recorded in the present contribution as migrants - 58 from marine environments , 8 from freshwater - estuarine habitats and 21 are freshwater crayfishes - but still there may be others not yet recorded in the literature . these species have migrated through navigation channels , have been accidentally transported by ships , inadvertently imported with fishery products or introduced for aquaculture . it might be expected that the list would increase in the future .
the effect of invading species on recipient communities could be direct , by displacement of native species or predation on other members of the community . indirectly they could affect the native species through introduction of diseases . up to the present severe damages have been rarely observed , for instance the destruction of rice fields in japan by procambarus clarkii ( laurent and forest , 1979 ) . but as the invasion into coastal zones , rivers and lakes progresses , we can expect the gradual displacement of native forms , with results impossible to foresee at present .
the authors are grateful to jesus eloy conde and jon paul rodríguez for critically reading the manuscript .
2 . abele lg ( 1972 ) introductions of two freshwater decapod crustaceans ( hymenosomatidae and atydae ) into central and north america .
4 . aron wi , smith sh ( 1971 ) ship canals and aquatic ecosystems .
5 . balss h ( 1927 ) bericht über die crustacea decapoda ( natantia und anomura ) . zoological results of the cambridge expedition to the suez canal , 1924 . xiv .
6 . balss h ( 1936 ) decapoda . in : the fishery grounds near alexandria . vii .
8 . ben - tuvia a ( 1966 ) red sea fishes recently found in the mediterranean .
10 . carlton jt ( 1985 ) transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms : the biology of ballast water .
11 . chu kh , tam pf , fung ch , chen qc ( 1997 ) a biological survey of ballast water in container ships entering hong kong .
14 . dall w , hill bj , rothlisberg pc , sharples dj ( 1990 ) the biology of the penaeidae .
15 . enzenross r , enzenross l ( 2000 ) nichmediterrane crustacea - arten in tunesischen gewässern ( decapoda , macrura und brachyura ) .
18 . foster ba , willan c ( 1979 ) foreign barnacles transported to new zealand on an oil platform .
19 . fox hm ( 1926 ) zoological results of the cambridge expedition to the suez canal , 1924 . i . general part .
20 . galil bs ( 1992 ) eritrean decapods in the levant : biogeography in motion .
21 . galil bs ( 1997 ) two lessepsian migrant decapods from the eastern mediterranean .
22 . galil bs , golani d ( 1990 ) two new migrant decapods from the eastern mediterranean .
( fabricius , 1798 ) ( crustacea : decapoda ) a new lessepsian migrant to the eastern mediterranean .
24 . garcía s , le reste l ( 1981 ) life cycles , dynamics , exploitation and management of coastal peneid shrimp stocks .
( gould ) an american crab in the estuary of the mondego river , portugal .
27 . gorgy s ( 1966 ) les pêcheries et le milieu marin dans le secteur méditerraneen de la république arabe unie .
30 . gruvel a ( 1928 ) répartition géographique de quelques crustacés comestibles sur les côtes dégipte et syrie .
32 . hobbs jr hh ( 1989 ) an illustrated checklist of the american crayfishes ( decapoda : astacidae , cambaridae and parastacidae ) .
33 . hobbs iii hh , jas jp , huner jv ( 1989 ) a review of global crayfish introductions with particular emphasis on two north american species ( decapoda , cambaridae ) .
34 . hernández g , bolaños j ( 1995 ) additions to the anomuran and brachyuran fauna of northeastern venezuela . the crustacean society summer meeting , may 25 - 27 , 1995 [ links ] [ abstract ]
35 . holthuis lb ( 1961 ) report on a collection of crustacea decapoda and stomatopoda from turkey and the balkans .
36 . holthuis lb ( 1980 ) fao species catalogue . shrimps and prawns of the world . an annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries .
37 . holthuis lb , gottlieb e ( 1958 ) an annotated list of the decapod crustacea of the mediterranean coast of israel with an appendix listing the decapoda of the eastern mediterranean .
( linneaus ) , to british columbia , canada , and washington , usa .
40 . laurent pj , forest j ( 1979 ) donneé sur les écrevisses qon peut rencontrer en france .
( milne edwards , 1867 ) , a nonindigenous portunid crab ( crustacea : decapoda : brachyura ) discovered in the indian river lagoon system of florida .
42 . lewinsohn c , holthuis lb ( 1964 ) new records of decapod crustacea from the mediterranean coast of israel and the eastern mediterranean .
44 . liao c , huang tl ( 1982 ) status and prospect of the culture of two important penaeid prawns in asia .
49 . mccosker je , dawson ce ( 1975 ) biotic passage through the panama canal , with particular reference to fishes .
: grapsidae ) , in its new habitat along the atlantic coast of the united states : geographic distribution and ecology .
51 . monod t ( 1930 ) ueber einige indo - pazifische decapoden der meeresfauna syriens .
53 . naylor e ( 1960 ) a north american xanthoid crab new to britain .
54 . newman wa ( 1963 ) on the introduction of an edible oriental shrimp ( caridea , palaemonidae ) to san francisco bay .
57 . por fd ( 1971 ) one hundred years of suez canal - a century of lessepian m : retrospect and viewpoints .
58 . ramadan se , dowidar nm ( 1972 ) brachyura ( decapoda , crustacea ) from the mediterranean waters of egypt .
60 . rodríguez g ( 1963 ) the intertidal estuarine communities of lake maracaibo , venezuela .
61 . rodríguez g , morales f ( 2000 ) las comunidades bentónicas del sistema de maracaibo . in : rodríguez g ( ed )
62 . skerman tm ( 1960 ) ship - fouling in new zealand waters : a survey of marine fouling organisms from vessels of the coastal and overseas trades .
63 . steinitz h ( 1967 ) a tentative list of immigrants via the suez canal .
67 . wolff t ( 1954 ) occurrence of two east american species of crabs in european waters .
68 . zenkevitch l ( 1963 ) biology of the seas of the u . s . s . r . interscience publishers . new york . 955 pp . [ links ]
calle vera cruz , residencia la hacienda apto . 31 - m las mercedes , caracas 1080 . venezuela telefonos : ( 58 - 0212 ) 992 - 32 - 24 , 991 - 75 - 25 interciencia @ urltoken
latin , papillo , papula = any little like protuberance + greek , kylix , - ikos = cup + latin , ceps = head ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 1 - 15 m ( ref . 9710 ) . tropical
western indian ocean : red sea , including the gulf of aqaba to south africa and madagascar .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 70 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4315 ) ; common length : 50 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3476 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 9 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 11 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 11 . body mottled with brownish or greenish above , whitish below ; caudal fin with 3 - 4 dark bands , other fins with large dark blotches ( ref . 4315 ) .
knapp , l . w . , 1984 . platycephalidae . in w . fischer and g . bianchi ( eds . ) fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . western indian ocean ( fishing area 51 ) . vol . 3 . fao , rome . pag . var . ( ref . 3476 )
) : 24 . 7 - 29 . 2 , mean 28 . 1 ( based on 1815 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00513 ( 0 . 00222 - 0 . 01187 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 83 - 3 . 25 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 7 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 46 of 100 ) .
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
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weather loach urltoken ( changes behaviour based on pressure ( i . e . predicts the weather ) )
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these guys don ' t seem to be very popular ( in terms of wikipedia at least ) , but with the rainbow minnow and the torrent stone carp , these guys seem like they should have representation , if not for their names alone .
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stock images of crocodilefish ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) resting on reef . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt . u17515486 - search stock photography , poster photos , pictures , and photo clip art - u17515486 . jpg
stock image of crocodilefish ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) resting on reef . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
crocodilefish ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) resting on reef . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
crocodile fish ( papilloculiceps longiceps ) . jackson reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt
soft coral ( dendronephthya klunzingeri ) . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
risso ' s dolphin ( grampus griseus ) sunbathing on the surface . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
bluespotted stingray ( taeniura lymma ) resting in the sand . jackson reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
risso ' s dolphins ( grampus griseus ) sunbathing on the surface . woodhouse reef , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
hawksbill turtle ( eretmochelys imbricata ) species critically endangered . woodhouse reef ; sharm el sheikh ; south sinai ; red sea ; egypt
blacktip grouper ( epinephelus fasciatus ) . tower , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
starry puffer ( arothron stellatus ) resting on a mooring drum . na ' ama bay , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
zebra shark ( stegostoma fasciatum ) resting on sandy slope . species near threatened . sha ' ab canoî , ras mohamed national park , sharm el sheikh , south sinai , red sea , egypt .
dave , the famous hawksbill turtle ( eretmochelys imbricata ) from sharm el sheikh , rescued after a boat propellor accident , enjoying a meal with his partially fiber cast fixed shell . critically endangered species . shark and yolanda , ras mohamed national par
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video client : patricia martin cabrera review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the video channel ) the video was filmed in damaniyat island ( al batinah region ) , sultanate of oman . the honeycomb moray eel , gymnothorax favagineus shown in the video is a species of marine fish in the family muraenidae and is one of the largest of indo - pacific morays and …
photo credit : sherif sadek ( egypt ) review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the website ) the inserted picture of a brown shrimp specimen was taken in a fish farm in egypt . introduction : brown shrimp ( farfantepenaeus aztecus ) is a species of marine penaeid shrimps which has an important commercial species in the usa . the species has several common …
brown shrimp , brown shrimp and environmental conditions , brown shrimp in the mediterranean sea , description , egypt . , farfantepenaeus aztecus , feeding habits , northern brown shrimp , reproduction habits , usa , utilization
review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the video channel ) this video was filmed in a retail shop located in monterey , california ( usa ) where different fish species and crabs are sold . the dungeness crab is the crab species shown in this video whether sold iced or displayed live . the dungeness crab , metacarcinus magister ( formerly : cancer magister ) , is …
video courtesy : the state archives of florida , usa the title of this video : “florida silent sirens : manatees in peril” and was filmed during 1980s the caption of the video states : “this is an excellent film about the plight of the endangered manatee . it is narrated by leonard nimoy and is full of beautiful underwater …
video credit : patricia martin cabrera ( united arab emirates ) review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the video channel ) introduction : the emperor angelfish ( pomacanthus imperator ) , is a reef - associated marine angelfish and is also called the imperator angelfish or imperial angelfish . the species is one of the most stunning underwater fish . their color and graceful shape make them one …
credit : ajith kumara ( srilanka ) review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the website ) mud crab ( scylla serrata ) which is also called mangrove crab belongs to the family of swimming crabs ( portunidae ) . this is an economically important species of crabs and considered highly esteemed as food whereas the flesh from its claws and walking legs …
video credit : patricia martin cabrera ( united arab emirates ) review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the video channel ) source : urltoken this video was filmed at ras muhammad , sharm el sheikh ( egypt ) . introduction : the video was filmed is the premise of the british navy ship “thistlegorm” which was built in 1940 and got sunk …
photo credit : : patricia martin cabrera ( united arab emirates ) review : abdel rahman el gamal ( founder of the website ) the inserted picture was taken in sharm el sheikh ( egypt ) introduction : blue spotted ribbon tail ray ( taeniura lymma ) is a species of stingray in the family dasyatidae . it is also known as aka blue - spotted fantail rays , blue spotted stingrays , blue spotted rays , and ribbontail …
this video was filmed in the sea world , san diego , usa source : urltoken giant grouper ( epinephelus lanceolatus ) the giant grouper ( epinephelus lanceolatus ) , which belongs to the family serranidae is also known as brindle bass , brown spotted cod , or bumblebee grouper and as the queensland giant grouper in australia . the species is the largest reef - dwelling bony …
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uploaded jul 23 , 2017 . captured in unnamed road , mambor , napan , kabupaten nabire , papua 98861 , indonesia .
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egypt , sinai peninsula , gulf of tiran , sharm el - sheik ( aka red sea riviera ) . red sea ' s ras mohammed np .
two boats waiting for divers at sharm al sheikh , red sea , egypt . diving the red sea .
el - sheikh , egypt . 7th nov , 2015 . tourists walk to yachts along the coast in the red sea resort of sharm al - sheikh , egypt , on nov . 7 , 2015 . russia on friday suspended all flights to egypt as speculation rose over possible terrorist attacks on the russian plane that crashed over sinai peninsula last saturday . credit : xinhua / alamy live news
boat waiting for divers at sharm al sheikh , red sea , egypt . diving the red sea .
egypt , sinai peninsula , gulf of tiran , sharm el - sheikh . snorkeling in the red sea ' s ras mohammed national marine park .
el - sheikh , egypt . 7th nov , 2015 . tourists enjoy themselves along a coast in the resort of sharm al - sheikh , egypt , on nov . 7 , 2015 . russia on friday suspended all flights to egypt as speculation rose over possible terrorist attacks on the russian plane that crashed over sinai peninsula last saturday . credit : xinhua / alamy live news
sharm al - sheikh , egypt . 26th october , 2016 . egyptian president abdel fattah al - sisi takes photo with people following the peace marathon in the red sea resort of sharm al - sheikh , in the south sinai governorate , south of cairo , egypt , on oct . 26 , 2016 credit : egyptian president office / apa images / zuma wire / alamy live news
el - sheikh , egypt . 7th nov , 2015 . tourists have fun on yachts along a coast in the resort of sharm al - sheikh , egypt , on nov . 7 , 2015 . russia on friday suspended all flights to egypt as speculation rose over possible terrorist attacks on the russian plane that crashed over sinai peninsula last saturday . credit : xinhua / alamy live news
sharm al - sheikh , egypt . 26th october , 2016 . egyptian president abdel fattah al - sisi rides a bicycle at the street in the red sea resort of sharm al - sheikh , in the south sinai governorate , south of cairo , egypt , on oct . 26 , 2016 credit : egyptian president office / apa images / zuma wire / alamy live news
u . s . secretary of state john kerry sits with egyptian president abdel fattah al - sisi at the congress center in sharm el - sheikh , egypt , on march 13 , 2015 , before a bilateral meeting and their attendance at an egyptian development conference .
sharm al - sheikh , egypt . 26th october , 2016 . egyptian president abdel fattah al - sisi speaks during the peace marathon in the red sea resort of sharm al - sheikh , in the south sinai governorate , south of cairo , egypt , on oct . 26 , 2016 credit : egyptian president office / apa images / zuma wire / alamy live news
egypt , sinai peninsula , gulf of tiran , sharm el - sheikh . snorkeling in the red sea ' s ras mohamed national marine park .
sharm el sheikh , egypt . 8th dec , 2017 . egyptian president abdel - fattah al - sisi ( 2nd r , front ) attends the official opening ceremony of the africa 2017 forum in sharm el sheikh , egypt , on dec . 8 , 2017 . credit : zhao dingzhe / xinhua / alamy live news
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golden - crowned ( tattersall ' s ) sifaka , andranotsimaty , daraina , madagascar . ( propithecus tattersalli )
crested coua ( coua cristata ) , very attractive madagascar birds . ankarafantsika national park , madagascar wildlife and wilderness
close - up of a ring - tailed lemur ( lemur catta ) licking its paw . sunny blue sky and foliage background
madagascar lynx spider ( peucetia madagascariensis ) resting on a leaf in antsirabe , central madagascar . august 2010 .
male panther chameleon stalking prey in beach side vegetation , bay of antongil , masoala peninsula national park , madagascar .
infant ring - tailed lemur ( 6 - 8 weeks ) clinging to mother . berenty private reserve , southern madagascar