the south american foxes ( lycalopex ) , commonly called raposas in portuguese , or zorros in spanish , are a genus of the canidae family from south america .

despite their name , they are not true foxes , but are a unique canid genus , which some somewhat resemble foxes and are named after them .

the south american gray fox , lycalopex griseus , is the most common species , and is known for its large ears and a highly marketable , russet-fringed pelt .

the oldest known fossils belonging to the genus were discovered in chile , and date from 2.0 to 2.5 million years ago , in the mid - to late pliocene .

south american fox

group of the south american foxes , or of the outlying group , which consists of bat - eared fox , gray fox , and island fox .
information on the south american grey fox is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the south american grey fox can be found in a number of locations including : south america . find out more about these places and what else lives there .
main characteristics south american grey foxes have a body length between 42 and 68 cms ( 16 . 5 - 26 . 8 inches ) , a tail length between 30 and 36 cms ( 12 - 14 inches ) and they weigh between 2 and 4 kgs ( 4 . 4 - 8 . 8 lbs ) . they are grey in colour with a pale underside and they have rust coloured markings around their head , ears and legs . habitat south american grey foxes can be found on the plains , grasslands , forest edges and the foothills of mountain ranges in southern south america . diet south american grey foxes mainly feed on rodents , birds and rabbits . breeding after a gestation period of approximately 2 months , 2 - 4 young are born in a den . predators predators of south american grey foxes have not been documented . subspecies there are no subspecies of the south american grey fox . interesting facts south american grey foxes are also known as : south american gray fox argentine grey fox argentine gray fox patagonian fox grey zorro chilla griseus is latin for grey . similar animals culpeo fox darwin ' s fox pampas fox sechuran fox hoary fox island fox bat - eared fox crab - eating fox
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of this group . the south american clade is rooted by the maned wolf and bush dog , and the fox - like canids by the fennec fox and blanford ' s fox . the grey fox and island fox are basal to the other clades , however this topological difference is not strongly supported .
as its name suggests , the pampas fox is found in the south american pampas . these vast lowland grasslands are located in argentina , brazil and uruguay .
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arctic fox . click the picture to find out more about the arctic fox .
you can find out more about the arctic fox here : arctic fox facts .
the following habitats are found across the south american grey fox distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
: the canini ( dogs , wolves , jackals , and some south american
foxes
) and the vulpini ( true foxes ) .
this article is about the animal . for the american broadcast television network , see fox broadcasting company . for other uses , see fox ( disambiguation ) .
the south american gray fox is the most common member of the lycalopex ( zorro or ‘false fox’ ) genus . it is found in chile and argentina . this small fox has been hunted for its attractive red - brown tinged coat . it is currently listed as least concern .
the maned wolf is a south american native whose range extends from the amazon basin rain forest in brazil to the dry shrub forests of paraguay and northern argentina .
trut , lyudmila n . ( 1999 ) .
early canid domestication : the fox farm experiment
. american scientist 87 .
bobcat facts , pictures , video & information . discover a stealthy north american predator
copyright © 2004 by the american society of human genetics . all rights reserved .
the gray fox is one of the few canids that can climb trees , and it is the only american canid able to do so .
the gray fox is an american canid whose range covers southern canada to northern south america . it is found throughout the usa , and is the most common fox in the pacific states . its coat is a mixture of greys , black and pale oranges . its tail has a black tip .
. two of these , the south american canine group , which includes a number of
foxes
, and the wolf group , together form the tribe canini . the third clade is the
true fox
group , tribe vulpini .
tiger salamander facts , pictures & in - depth information . discover a widespread american amphibian
nowak , r . 1995 .
walker ' s mammals of the world , online . south american foxes
( on - line ) . accessed november 28 , 2001 at urltoken .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
examples include : the nine - tail fox from various asian cultures ; the reynard tales from medieval europe ; the sly trickster fox from native american lore ; and aesop’s “ the fox and the crow . ” the finnish believed a fox made the northern lights by running in the snow so that its tail swept sparks into the sky . from this , we get the phrase “fox fires . ”
the extant wild canids of north america are the gray wolf , the coyote ( canis latrans ) , the hybrid red wolf ( canis rufus ) , the arctic fox ( alopex lagopus ) , the gray fox ( urocyon cinereoargenteus ) , the red fox ( vulpes vulpes ) , the swift fox ( vulpes velox ) , and the kit fox ( vulpes macrotis ) . in addition to the dire wolf , other members of the genus canis may have inhabited south america , but all these
wolflike
canids were extinct by the end of the pleistocene . the gray wolf and the coyote never moved farther south than the table land of mexico . the gray fox has extended its range into northern venezuela and colombia , but all the other south american canids are unique to that continent .
and a 2009 paper by tedford , wang and taylor on the north american fossil caninae .
closely related native americans of the algonquian branch of the algonquian - wakashan linguistic stock ( see native american languages ) . sac and fox culture was of the eastern woodlands area with some plains - area traits ( see under natives , north american ) .
the pampas fox is a ‘zorro’ , or ‘false fox’ , meaning that it is not a member of the vulpes , or ‘true fox’ , genus . it is typically fox - like in appearance , with sandy grey - white fur , erect ears and a bushy tail .
yahnke , c . 1995 . metachromism and the insight of wilfred osgood : evidence of common ancestory for darwin’s fox and the sechura fox .
the canid with the widest distribution in south america is the culpeo ( dusicyon culpaeus ) , which ranges all along the western coastal region of the continent from southern colombia to tierra del fuego . d . griseus , the chilla , is now scarce , but its home is the southern tip of south america , below 25 degrees south latitude . the pampas fox ( d . gymnocercus ) is found in east - central south america , whereas the sechura fox ( d . sechurae ) occurs only in a small region on the northwest coast . the final member of this group of foxes is the hoary fox ( d . vetulus ) which lives in the open grassland of brazil .
common mudpuppy facts , pictures & information . discover a north american amphibian that never leaves the water .
perhaps because of the fox’s ability to decimate a chicken coop , in the 16th century , fox hunting became a popular activity in britain . in the 19th century , the upper classes turned fox hunting into a formalized sport where a pack of hounds and men on horseback chase a fox until it is killed . today , whether to ban fox hunting continues to be a controversial subject in the uk . currently , fox hunting with dogs is not allowed .
the cape fox lives in grasslands and semi - desert scrub . it is found in zimbabwe , botswana , and south africa . it is common throughout its range and rated least concern by the iucn .
found in south america , the crab - eating fox has short , dark grey fur and short legs . it weighs between 4 . 5 and 7 . 7 kg ( 10 and 17 lb ) .
crab - eating fox , ( cerdocyon thous ) , south american member of the dog family ( canidae ) , found in grassy or forested areas . it attains a length of 60–70 cm ( 24–28 inches ) , excluding a 30 - centimetre tail , and has a gray to brown coat that is frequently tinged with…
fox , david l . ( 2007 ) .
vulpes vulpes ( red fox )
. animal diversity web . university of michigan museum of zoology .
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
) asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding native american mtdnas . am j hum genet 53 : 563–590
may limit the gray fox’s distribution , even though their territories do not overlap .
see h . g . lloyd , the red fox ( 1980 ) ; j . d . henry , red fox : the catlike canine ( 1986 ) .
the fennec fox’s large ears help it to stay cool by dissipating heat . they are also useful for hunting , allowing the fox to hear animals moving underground .
inside even after they descend . like other canines , the male fox has a
the island fox is found on six of the channel islands of california . after severe population declines in the 1990’s , the island fox became critically endangered . several conservation programmes were put into place , and the island fox population is now increasing .
rüppell’s fox is a small desert fox found in north africa and the middle east . it has a pale sandy - coloured coast and big ears , and is similar in appearance to the smaller fennec fox . its conservation status is least concern .
if you have a native american name and meaning to add to the list - - fill out the form below .
, where they diversified . however the most recent common ancestor of the south american canids lived in north america some 4 mya and the likelihood is that there were more than one incursion across the new land bridge . one of the resulting lineages consisted of the
there has been a flourishing of the native american indian population : in 2010 , 5 . 2 million people in the united states identified themselves as american indian or alaska native , either alone or in combination with one or more different races . out of this total , 2 . 9 million people identified themselves as american indian / alaska native alone . the native american indian population experienced an increase of 39 % , the greatest growth of any population group since 2000 . 41 % of american indians live in the west , and 33 % in the south . the 2010 census indicated that the five states with the largest native american indian population in order are california , oklahoma , arizona , new mexico , and texas . alaska , florida , north carolina , and south dakota experienced the greatest growth . the following chart lists the top 25 american indian tribes by population in the year 2010 . these are the original u . s . census bureau figures , which indicate those listing one tribe only . whereas the cherokee tribe has the largest overall population , the navajo tribe has the largest population reporting one tribe only .
the sechura fox is the smallest member of the zorro , or ‘false fox’ genus . this pale , yellow - grey fox is found in ecuador and peru . it is threatened by habitat loss , and is listed as near threatened by the iucn .
the tibetan sand fox lives high on the tibetan plain and surrounding areas . it is a member of the vulpes , or ‘true fox’ , genus , and has a typically fox - like appearance , with reddish - grey fur and a bushy tail .
the red fox is the largest member of the vulpes , or ‘true fox’ genus , and is recognisable by its red coat , white chest and underparts , and bushy tail .
about the size of a domestic cat , the swift fox is pale yellow and white in colour , and has large ears . it is closely related to the kit fox .
the bat - eared fox population is stable , and the species is rated least concern .
the red fox : one of the most familiar animals in this wild dogs species list .
kit fox ) ; large - eared pale foxes of the western north american plains ( swift fox ) and deserts ( kit fox ) ; shy and uncommon ; adult length about 40–50 cm without the 20–30 - cm tail , weight about 1 . 5–3 kg ; burrow - dweller that feeds on small animals ( rodents , rabbits , insects ) ; coat gray to yellowish brown with black - tipped tail .
south american grey foxes are widespread throughout patagonia and western argentina . they prefer to live in the foothills of coastal mountain ranges and in forest edge habitats . foxes pair up and maintain their territory throughout the year . mating is monogamous and both the males and females are actively care for the young . these little foxes are omnivorous , but their diet changes seasonally . they are native to south america , but have been introduced to the falkland islands .
during his voyage on the beagle , charles darwin collected a fox that today is unimaginatively called darwin’s fox . this small gray fox is critically endangered and lives in just two spots in the world : one population is on island of chiloé in chile , and the second is in a chilean national park . the fox’s greatest threats are unleashed domestic dogs that carry diseases like rabies .
red fox ( vulpes vulpes ) , potter ' s marsh , alaska , u . s .
the bush dog is a rare south american canid . ( ‘canid’ means member of the dog family , canidae ) . it usually lives near water in rainforests and savannas . the bush dog has a long , squat body with short legs and a short tail , giving it a rather badger - like appearance .
in the 1960s , a soviet geneticist named dmitry belyaev bred thousands of foxes before achieving a domesticated fox . unlike a tame fox , which has learned to tolerate humans , a domesticated fox is docile toward people from birth . today , you can buy a pet fox for $ 9000 , according to fast company . they’re reportedly curious and sweet - tempered , although inclined to dig in your furniture .
amphibians of north america : american amphibian list with pictures & facts . discover the frogs , toads & salamanders of the u . s . !
the culpeo is the second - largest member of the dog family found in south america ( only the maned wolf is larger ) . in - between a red fox and a coyote in size , the culpeo has grey - red or yellow fur and a bushy tail .
the corsac fox lives in the steppes of central asia . it is a mid - sized fox , weighing between 1 . 6 and 3 . 2 kilograms ( 3 . 5 and 7 . 1 lb ) . the corsac fox has long fur , which thickens and becomes a lighter colour during the winter .
tedford , richard ; wang , xiaoming ; taylor , beryl e . ( 2009 ) .
phylogenetic systematics of the north american fossil caninae ( carnivora : canidae )
. bulletin of the american museum of natural history 325 : 1–218 . doi : 10 . 1206 / 574 . 1 .
what’s in a name ? for this unique animal , it is a wolf in name only . it is however a canid , and therefore related to the wolf . maned wolves are more closely related to the forest fox and the bush dog ( canid species from south america ) .
in general , south american foxes are long - haired , rather grayish animals that grow to about 0 . 5–1 metre ( 1 . 6–3 . 3 feet ) in length , excluding the bushy tail , which is 25–50 cm ( 10–20 inches ) long . they are found in open terrain as opposed to thick forest , and they feed on small animals , birds , fruit and other plant material , and insects . generally nocturnal , they live in abandoned burrows or in dens among rocks or trees . both parents care for the litters of one to eight young . south american foxes can attack domestic livestock , but they are helpful in controlling rodent populations .
1 . 5–3 . 5 - kg fox inhabiting the sahel savannas and southern desert margin of northern africa ; coat yellow to brown ; similar in form to the red fox , but with longer legs and ears .
, and thus , walk on their toes . unlike their dog relatives , fox claws are partially retractable .
and others , but rarely of sustained domestication . a recent and notable case is the russian silver fox ,
burrows , roger ( 1968 ) . wild fox . newton abbot : david & charles . isbn 9780715342176 .
canidae . dictionary . com . the american heritage stedman ' s medical dictionary . houghton mifflin company . urltoken ( accessed : february 16 , 2009 ) .
throughout its wide distribution , the culpeo uses many habitat types ranging from rugged and mountain terrain , deep valleys and open deserts , scrubby pampas , sclerophyllous matorral , to broad - leaved temperate southern beech forest in the south . the culpeo uses all the range of habitat moisture gradients from the driest desert to the broad - leaved rainforest . in the andes of peru , chile , bolivia and argentina , the culpeo reaches elevations of up to 4 , 800 m ( redford and eisenberg 1992 , romo 1995 , jiménez and novaro 2004 , tellaeche et al . 2014 ) . redford and eisenberg ( 1992 ) placed the culpeo in the coldest and driest environments of south america relative to other south american canids .
in fact , here’s a fun fact for kids . the maned wolf’s fox - like characteristics – such as a shaggy , white tipped tail and large ears – have earned it the nickname of “fox on stilts . ”
small and social steppe - dwelling fox that inhabits steppes and semideserts of eastern eurasia ; coat yellowish gray or brown to reddish gray ; body similar in form to the red fox , but with larger legs and ears .
the family canidae - - the wolves , dogs , jackals , and foxes - - has wild members on all continents except australia , which has only the dingo . the thirty - eight species of wild canids live in habitats ranging from tropical rainforest to arctic tundra . the north american wolf ( canis lupus ) is social and eats mainly meat from large mammals . the south american maned wolf ( chrysocyon brachyurus ) spends most of its life alone , and fruit forms the bulk of its diet .
although the population is declining due to habitat loss , the bengal fox is rated least concern by the iucn .
the gray fox is widespread , and lives in a variety of habitats including forests , scrubland and rocky environments .
foxes are found on every continent except antarctica . by far the most common and widespread species of fox is the
bathgate , michael . the fox ' s craft in japanese religion and culture . 2004 . p . 18 .
wallen , martin ( 2006 ) . fox . london : reaktion books . pp . 69–70 . isbn 9781861892973 .
fox al ( 1932 ) the relationship between chemical constitution and taste . proc natl acad sci usa 18 : 115–120
nowak , r . m . 1979 . north american quaternary canis . monograph of the museum of natural history , university of kansas 6 : 1 – 154 .
the american crocodile , found in southern florida and all the way down to ecuador is well populated in costa rica . the average crocodile is 10 to 13 ft . long , but in costa rica they measure about 13 to 16 ft . long . they can often be seen congregating by bridges where unenlightened tourists toss them food for photos . this species is currently threatened and now only about 1 , 500 american crocodiles live in mexico , central and south america . the biggest threat to their existence is loss of habitat .
a fox ' s coat color and texture may vary due to the change in seasons ; fox pelts are richer and denser in the colder months and lighter in the warmer months . to get rid of the dense winter coat , foxes
growl - an adult fox ' s indication to their cubs to feed or head to the adult ' s location .
) preferred habitat of open space , to increase ; the darwin ' s fox , subsequently , is being outcompeted .
chambers , s . m . ; fain , s . r . ; fazio , b . ; amaral , m . ( 2012 ) .
an account of the taxonomy of north american wolves from morphological and genetic analyses
. north american fauna 77 : 1–67 . doi : 10 . 3996 / nafa . 77 . 0001 .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
below are links to spotted wolf ' s corner articles - [ contents - - - register and vote ! ] [ remembering the great chiefs ] [ native american legends & stories ] [ anglos once were immigrants ] [ handbook of american indians 1906 - contents ] [ native american indians and the eagle ] [ native american names & meanings ] [ past notable native americans - pg - . 1 ] [ past notable native americans - pg 2 ] [ hill & holler thanksgiving column ] [ a thanksgiving teaching ] [ on being an indian ] [ where is goyathlay ' s ( geronimo ) skull ? ] [ cochise ] [ goyathlay ( geronimo ) ] [ mangas coloradas ] [ nana ]
wang , xiaoming ( 1994 ) .
phylogenetic systematics of the hesperocyoninae
. bulletin of the american museum of natural history 221 : 1–207 . hdl : 2246 / 829 .
as their body temperature only drops minimally , it means that they are able to wake up and venture out in search of a light snack to break up their long slumber . in hotter regions in the south black
like a guided missile , the fox harnesses the earth’s magnetic field to hunt . other animals , like birds , sharks , and turtles , have this “magnetic sense , ” but the fox is the first one we’ve discovered that uses it to catch prey .
perini , f . a . ; russo , c . a . m . ; schrago , c . g . ( 2010 ) .
the evolution of south american endemic canids : a history of rapid diversification and morphological parallelism
. journal of evolutionary biology 23 ( 2 ) : 311–322 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1420 - 9101 . 2009 . 01901 . x . pmid 20002250 .
1 doyle rc . american history . class lectures & notes , franciscan university , steubenville , ohio , 2001 . 2 berkin c , miller cl , cherny rw , gormly jl . making america . fourth edition , houghton mifflin , boston , 2006 . 3 waldman c . encyclopedia of native american tribes . checkmark , new york , 2006 . 4 morison , samuel eliot . oxford history of the american people . oxford university press , new york , 1965 . 5 waldman c , braun m . atlas of the north american indian . checkmark books , new york , 25 - 50 , 2000 . 6 census 2010 , united states of america . 7 gannon m . florida - a short history . university press of florida , gainesville , florida , 2003 .
emerged in north america . a large wolf , it was found all over north and central america , and was eventually supplanted by its descendant , the dire wolf , which then spread into south america during the late pleistocene .
native american indians welcomed us to these shores in florida , virginia , and massachusetts , and eventually the entire east coast . the first mass of thanksgiving on american soil was actually celebrated by the spanish with the timucuan indians from seloy village in attendance on september 8 , 1565 in st . augustine , florida . the pilgrims , who sought religious freedom and crossed the atlantic in the mayflower
the argentine gray fox helps to control small mammal and bird populations . it also disperses seeds by eating the fruit then defecating the seeds .
the two subspecies of bat - eared fox live in geographically separate regions . one is in southern africa , the other in east africa .
despite being hunted for its fur , the corsac fox is widespread and common throughout its range , and rated least concern by the iucn .
this small fox is only found on cozumel , a mexican island . it has not been thoroughly studied , and may now be extinct .
is a mutant strain of red fox found in northwestern europe . it lacks the long guard hairs , and the underfur is tightly curled .
) have more specialized diets . most species of fox consume around 1 kg ( 2 . 2 lb ) of food every day . foxes
what we know about dogs in native american societies is limited . but we do know that the dogs brought by the spanish were much different in character and breeding from those already present . how these non - european animals meshed with humans in everyday life , how they functioned in the symbolic ream , and how their roles varied across cultural boundaries are questions basic to our understanding of american dogs .
the grey fox is omnivorous , meaning it eats both plants and other animals . unlike other canids that hunt in packs , the grey fox hunts alone . it will stalk its prey for a while then pounce , using its long curved claws to trap and kill its victim . the preferred meal for a grey fox is a cottontail rabbit , but it will feast on other small mammals such as mice , wood rats , and cotton rats . this variety of vertebrates makes up the majority of a grey fox’s diet in the winter . the grey fox also eats invertebrates such as grasshoppers , beetles , butterflies , and moths . along with birds , eggs , fruits , nuts , and grains , these invertebrates make up most of a grey fox’s diet in the spring . if a grey fox has excess food , it is a common habit to bury it and mark it with urine or their scent glands to ward off other animals and to make it easier to find later .
perhaps the most distinctive feature of the fox family , as compared with wolves and coyotes , is the eyes . they are yellow with elliptical pupils . all other canids , including dogs , have round pupils . fox es are monogamous and do not live in packs . they are among…
the bat - eared fox is aptly named , not just because of its 5 - inch ears , but because of what it uses those ears for—like the bat , it listens for insects . on a typical night , the fox walks along the african savannah , listening , until it hears the scuttle of prey . although the fox eats a variety of insects and lizards , most of its diet is made up of termites . in fact , the bat - eared fox often makes its home in termite mounds , which it usually cleans out of inhabitants before moving in .
many have emailed asking us for information about native american names and their meanings . this began my quest for the answers . below are the native american indian names that i have found with their meanings . when i know which tribe , the name comes from , i have indicated it . if the tribe is not listed , i do not know it , you don ' t have to email asking .
native american names are very interesting as names for new babies because they have so much meaning behind them . rooted in forces of nature , religion and personally desired characteristics , they translate into poetic epithets .
mitchell , peter 2017 . disease : a hitherto unexplored constraint on the spread of dogs ( canis lupus familiaris ) in pre - columbian south america . journal of world prehistory , vol . 30 , issue . 4 , p . 301 .
it is a small , pale - coloured fox , weighing between 2 . 3 and 4 . 1 kg ( 5 and 9 pounds ) .
like other desert foxes , the kit fox has large ears that provide a means of losing heat , as well as giving it exceptional hearing .
according to new scientist , the fox can see the earth’s magnetic field as a “ring of shadow” on its eyes that darkens as it heads towards magnetic north . when the shadow and the sound the prey is making line up , it’s time to pounce . here’s the fox in action :
roughly the size of a kitten , the fennec fox has elongated ears and a creamy coat . it lives in the sahara desert , where it sleeps during the day to protect it from the searing heat . its ears not only allow it to hear prey , they also radiate body heat , which keeps the fox cool . its paws are covered with fur so that the fox can walk on hot sand , like it’s wearing snowshoes .
prevosti , francisco j . ramírez , mariano a . schiaffini , mauro martin , fabiana udrizar sauthier , daniel e . carrera , marcelo sillero - zubiri , claudio and pardiñas , ulyses f . j . 2015 . extinctions in near time : new radiocarbon dates point to a very recent disappearance of the south american foxdusicyon avus ( carnivora : canidae ) . biological journal of the linnean society , vol . 116 , issue . 3 , p . 704 .
this african fox species ( the only ‘true’ fox species found in africa ) has a grey - brown coat , and a long , bushy tail with a black tip . average weight for an adult male is 2 . 8 kg ( 6 . 2 lb ) , females are slightly smaller .
human beings have trapped and hunted some canid species for their fur and , especially the gray wolf , coyote and the red fox , for sport .
the dhole is found in central , south and southeast asia . it lives in a variety of habitats , including rainforest and grasslands . this large member of the dog family can weigh up to 40 kg ( 88 lb ) ; around twice the weight of a coyote . dholes resemble members of the canis genus ( domestic dogs , grey wolves ) , and have fox - like reddish fur and bushy tails .
the crab - eating fox often searches for crabs and other food in floodplains , giving it its name . it does not currently have a conservation status .
the red fox is an adaptable animal , able to live in suburban and rural areas . it is often found living alongside humans , but seldom poses any kind of threat . for many people living in suburban areas , the red fox is the largest of the few wild mammals that they will regularly encounter .
the bengal fox is found only in the indian subcontinent . it prefers a short grassland habitat , and is a social animal , living in large underground dens .
, at loma de los muertos raises intriguing questions about the relationship between wild canids and humans . this sub - adult individual appears to have been buried in a human mortuary context in a comparable manner to adjacent human burials . it may have been kept as a pet and been considered part of the human social group . the ability of pets , especially canids , to leave the animal world and enter into a special relationship with people may be related to the cosmology of south american hunter - gatherers .
wang , xiaoming ; tedford , richard h . ; taylor , beryl e . ( 1999 ) .
phylogenetic systematics of the borophaginae
. bulletin of the american museum of natural history 243 : 1–391 . hdl : 2246 / 1588 .
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the bat - eared fox is so named due to its distinctive large ears . these are used to locate termites , which form up to 80 % of its diet .
the hoary fox is endemic to brazil , and is mainly found in grasslands . it is a small canid , with a grey , black and brown - red coat .
foxes are often considered pests or nuisance creatures for their opportunistic attacks on poultry and other small livestock . fox attacks on humans are not common but have increased in frequency .
1 . charles james . 1749 - - 1806 , british whig statesman and orator . he opposed north over taxation of the american colonies and pitt over british intervention against the french revolution . he advocated parliamentary reform and the abolition of the slave trade
the red fox has a huge range that covers north america , europe and much of asia . it was introduced in australia , where it is now considered an invasive species .
the swift fox lives in the prairie grasslands of the great plains of the united states . it is also found in canada , where it was introduced after having been extirpated .
fox species differ in fur color , length , and density . coat colors range from pearly white to black and white to black flecked with white or grey on the underside .
bush dog , ( spe o thos venaticus ) , small , stocky carnivore of the family canidae found in the forests and savannas of central and south america . the bush dog is a rare species , and its numbers are declining as a result of the destruction of its natural habitat . the bush…
there is an important pelt trade in south america . according to cites , from 1980 to 1983 , 381 , 000 fox skins were exported , 98 % of which were purported to have originated in argentina . over 7 , 000 skins were recorded as being exported from chile , despite the species being protected in that country . most exports were made to west germany ( 72 % ) , switzerland ( 7 . 2 % ) , and italy ( 4 . 4 % ) .
sillero - zubiri ( 2009 ) recognized 35 extant canid species ( 37 if the dingo is treated as a distinct species , canis dingo , rather than a subspecies of the gray wolf , canis lupus dingo , and if the eastern north american wolf is treated as a distinct species , canis lycaon ) . south america has 11 species , including nine ( mainly pseudalopex [ sometimes known as lycalopex ] foxes ) endemic to the continent . africa has 13 species , including eight endemics . asia has twelve species , including three endemics . two species , the golden jackal ( canis aureus ) and arctic fox ( alopex lagopus ) are native to three continents ( africa / europe / asia and north america / asia / europe , respectively ) .
jaksic , f . , j . yanez . 1983 . rabbit and fox introductions in tierra del fuego : history and assessment of the attempts at biological control of the rabbit infestation .
, or brant , fox is yellowish brown with a black cross extending between the shoulders and down the back ; it is found in both north america and the old world . the
short - eared , short - tailed fox of the barren slopes and streambeds of nepal ; length to 70 cm , weight up to 4 kg or more ; colour is variable .
] ) was first recognized in the early 1930s , when a . j . fox discovered the polymorphism in himself and a coworker , organic chemist c . r . noller ( anonymous
fox , any of various members of the dog family ( canidae ) resembling small to medium - sized bushy - tailed dogs with long fur , pointed ears , and narrow snouts . in a restricted sense , the name refers to the 10 or so species classified as “true” foxes ( genus vulpes ) , especially the red , or common , fox ( v . …
found in coastal areas between 30 and 40 degrees latitude , in areas with a mediterranean climate . vegetation is dominated by stands of dense , spiny shrubs with tough ( hard or waxy ) evergreen leaves . may be maintained by periodic fire . in south america it includes the scrub ecotone between forest and paramo .
the culpeo is distributed along the andes and hilly regions of south america from nariño and putumayo departments of south - west colombia in the north ( jiménez et al . 1995 , ramírez - chaves et al . 2013 ; records from departments further north are dubious ) to tierra del fuego in the south ( markham 1971 , redford and eisenberg 1992 ) . it ranges down to the pacific shoreline in the desert of northern chile ( mann 1945 , jiménez and novaro 2004 ) , south to about valdivia ( osgood 1943 ) and then again in magallanes . on the eastern slopes of the andes , the culpeo is found in argentina from jujuy province in the north , reaching the atlantic shoreline from río negro and southwards . this extended eastward distribution is relatively recent and was apparently favoured by sheep ranching , increased availability of exotic prey and extirpation of puma ( crespo and de carlo 1963 , novaro 1997a , novaro and walker 2005 ) . however , in the last 10 - 15 years the shrinking of sheep production in argentine patagonia has facilitated puma recolonization . the probable increase in predation or competitive exclusion by pumas in turn appears to have caused declines in culpeo populations ( travaini et al . 2007 , a . travaini pers . comm . 2015 ) .
the argentine gray fox is protected by law in chile but enforcementof this law is lax . no hunting or skin trade has been permitted since 1929 in some areas , although fox skins are still exported through chile via argentina . the argentine wildlife board ( direccion nacional de fauna silvestre ) has classified the species as endangered . hunting is banned year - round in some areas .
yahnke , c . , w . johnson , e . geffen , d . smith , f . hertel . 1996 . darwin’s fox : a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat .
) of the family canidae , to which the jackal and fox also belong . the family canidae is sometimes referred to as the dog family , and its characteristics , e . g .
like the bat - eared fox , the black - backed jackal lives in two separate areas of africa . one subspecies is found in southern african countries , the other in eastern africa .
lloyd , h . g . ( 1981 ) . the red fox ( 2 . impr . ed . ) . london : batsford . p . 21 . isbn 0 7134 11902 .
the arctic fox , which lives in the northernmost areas of the hemisphere , can handle cold better than most animals on earth . it doesn’t even get cold until –70 degrees celsius . its white coat also camouflages it against predators . as the seasons change , the coat changes too , turning brown or gray so the fox can blend in with the rocks and dirt of the tundra .
the argentine gray fox likes to live in lowlands and foothills of coastal mountain ranges , plains , pampas , deserts , low open grasslands and forest edge habitats . they live on shrubby sandy soils .
the crab - eating fox lives in forests and savannas . it spends the day in underground dens and comes out at night to hunt . it has been kept as a pet by indigenous peoples .
sorry , we didn ' t recognize the zip code you entered . it may have been mistyped , or you may have put in a zip code outside the area the american red cross serves in the us , its territories and military installations around the world . please try again .
blanford’s fox is found in desert and mountainous regions of the middle east and central asia . this small fox weighs between 0 . 9 and 1 . 5 kg ( 2 and 3 . 3 lb ) . it is an excellent climber , and uses its long tail for balance . its large ears help it to stay cool in the desert heat . it has two distinctive dark stripes on its face .
. they vary in size from the fennec fox , which may be as little as 24 cm ( 9 . 4 in ) in length and weigh 0 . 6 kg ( 1 . 3 lb ) ,
. the bush dog has only one upper molar with two below , the dhole has two above and two below , and the bat - eared fox has three or four upper molars and four lower ones .
the kit fox is a small canid found in the usa and mexico . it lives in arid and desert habitats , and its population is in decline due to habitat loss . conservation programmes are now in place .
despite this relationship , the maned wolf is the only species in its genus . it has a very different appearance than the wolves we are used to seeing , and more closely resembles a fox than a wolf .
large ( 5–7 - kg ) fox of north america , eurasia , and northern africa , and introduced to australia ; length 90–105 cm , including the 35–40 - cm tail ; coat typically reddish brown but variable .
this small fox is a natural survivor and has many adaptations for life in the arctic . its thick , insulating coat changes colour with the seasons , and is white in the winter and brown during the summer months .
the maned wolf is the largest member of the dog family in south america . its average weight is 23 kg ( 51 lb ) , and its average height is 90 cm ( 35 in ) at the shoulders . it has a reddish - brown coat , and a mane along its back . despite its name , it is not closely related to the grey wolf .
the adult male arctic fox grows to around 30 cm ( 11 . 8 in ) tall at the shoulder , and weighs up to 9 . 4 kg ( 20 . 7 lb ) . its conservation status is ‘least concern’ .
the fennec fox is found in hot , arid parts of north africa , and is a desert specialist . its pale coat reflects heat , and thick fur on the bottom of its paws allow it to walk over hot sand .
. introduced to australia , it has established itself throughout much of the continent . the red fox has a coat of long guard hairs , soft , fine underfur that is typically a rich reddish brown , often a white - tipped
are adapted as carnassial teeth for slicing flesh , although the bat - eared fox differs in this respect , being largely insectivorous . the molar teeth are strong in most species , allowing the animals to crack open bone to reach the
wang , xiaoming ( 2003 ) .
new material of osbornodon from the early hemingfordian of nebraska and florida
( pdf ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 279 : 163–176 . doi : 10 . 1206 / 0003 - 0090 ( 2003 ) 279 < 0163 : c > 2 . 0 . co ; 2 .
foxes are symbols of cunning and craftiness . in older times , they were symbols of the devil . because of the connotations of such expressions as “fox” and “foxy , ” this animal has also become associated with seductive female beauty and charms .
kang , xiaofei ( 2006 ) . the cult of the fox : power , gender , and popular religion in late imperial and modern china . new york : columbia university press . p . 15–21 . isbn 0 - 231 - 13338 - 3 .
in the wild , the typical lifespan of a fox is one to three years , although individuals may live up to ten years . unlike many canids , foxes are not always pack animals . typically , they live in small family groups , but some (
within their own home range , foxes battle with the factors of competition between other foxes , habitat quality , and the availability of food . however , the more serious dangers grey foxes struggle with are humans , predation , parasites , and disease . humans pose a threat to grey foxes through hunting , trapping , and the use of automobiles . also , a farmer may resort to killing a fox if it acts as a nuisance to his animals . the four main predators of the grey fox are the coyote , the bobcat , the golden eagle , and the great horned owl . the grey fox will either hide under cover or climb trees to evade danger . grey foxes will fight for their lives with their teeth and sharp claws if they are unable to escape in time .
the raccoon dog , as its name suggests , resembles a raccoon , with its wide furry face and short , squat body . it is a relatively undeveloped member of the dog family . like the grey fox , it is one of the few canids that climbs trees .
like the cat , the fox is most active after the sun goes down . in fact , it has vertically oriented pupils that allow it to see in dim light . it even hunts in a similar manner to a cat , by stalking and pouncing on its prey .
the last line seems to refer to the dog & apos ; s connection to the land of the dead . dogs were thought to be essential guides for tricky afterlife journeys . they were part of human existence and the cycle of life , death , and rebirth that was at the core of all native american belief systems . in addition , dogs were utilitarian animals exploited for human survival .
van valkenburgh , b . ; wang , x . ; damuth , j . ( oct 2004 ) .
cope ' s rule , hypercarnivory , and extinction in north american canids
. science 306 ( 5693 ) : 101–104 . bibcode : 2004sci . . . 306 . . 101v . doi : 10 . 1126 / science . 1102417 . issn 0036 - 8075 . pmid 15459388 .
the fennec fox is the smallest member of the dog family , weighing only 1 to 1 . 5 kg ( 2 . 2 to 3 . 3 lb ) . it has pale , orange - white fur and oversized ears , which look huge compared to its small body .
perhaps the most distinctive feature of the fox family , as compared with wolves and coyotes , is the eyes . they are yellow with elliptical pupils . all other canids , including dogs , have round pupils . foxes are monogamous and do not live in packs . they are among…
whine - made shortly after birth . occurs at a high rate when cubs are hungry and when their body temperatures are low . whining stimulates the mother to care for her young ; it also has been known to stimulate the male fox into caring for his mate and cubs .
the coat is brindled gray , the underparts paler grays . the head is a rust color flecked with white and a black spot on the chin . the argentine gray fox has large ears and a long and bushy tail . the molars are well developed , and the carnassials are relatively short . this fox can grow up to 2 to 4 kg . its shoulder height is 40 to 45 cm , decreasing as latitude increases from 33° s to 54° s . the head - body length is 42 to 68 cm , and the tail length is from 30 to 36 cm .
> fox by horsemen with a pack of hounds . in england , the home of the sport , foxhunting dates from at least the 15th century . in its inception , it was probably an adjunct to stag and hare hunting , with the same hounds used to chase each quarry . …
darwin’s fox was discovered by english naturalist charles darwin . this rare canid is found in just two places in chile : nahuelbuta national park , and on the island of chiloé . it lives in forests , and is rarely seen . it is one of the smallest members of the dog family .


the philippine hawk-eagle or north philippine hawk-eagle ( nisaetus philippensis ) , earlier treated under spizaetus , is a species of bird of prey in the family accipitridae .

many taxonmists consider the pinsker 's hawk-eagle , a former subspecies , raised to full species status .

it is endemic to the philippines .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

philippine hawk - eagle

red data book threatened birds of asia detailed information on status , threats , and conservation measures . vireo philippine hawk - eagle photos .
gamauf a , preleuthner m & w . pinsker ( 1998 ) .
distribution and field identification of philippine birds of prey : 1 . philippine hawk - eagle ( spizaetus philippensis ) and changeable hawk eagle ( spizaetus cirrhatus )
( pdf ) . forktail 14 : 1–11 .
recommended citation : global raptor information network . 2018 . species account : northern philippine hawk - eagle nisaetus philippensis . downloaded from urltoken on 9 jul . 2018
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the philippine hawk - eagle inhabits forest , from the lowlands up to montane mossy forest at 1 , 900 meters ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . as well as primary forest it has been recorded in disturbed and selectively logged forest ( 7 ) .
the philippine hawk - eagle inhabits forest , from the lowlands up to montane mossy forest at 1 , 900 meters ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . as well as primary forest it has been recorded in disturbed and selectively logged forest ( 7 ) .
preleuthner , m . and gamauf , a . ( 1998 ) .
a possible new subspecies of the philippine hawk - eagle ( spizaetus philippensis ) and its future prospects .
( pdf ) . j . raptor res . 32 ( 2 ) : 126–135 .
56–69 cm ; female 1168–1280 g ( 2 birds ) ; wingspan 105–125 cm . typical hawk - eagle with long ( 8 cm ) crest , largely dark upperparts , grey - brown tail with . . .
the philippine hawk - eagle is listed on appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , which means that any international trade in this species should be carefully controlled in order to be compatible with its continued survival ( 3 ) . however , more effective legislation is required to control hunting and trading within the philippines ( 5 ) . in addition , while the philippine hawk - eagle has been recorded from numerous protected areas , the degree of protection these sites actually afford is unclear and there may be further important sites , the protection of which would greatly benefit this magnificent bird of prey ( 5 ) .
the philippine hawk - eagle is listed on appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , which means that any international trade in this species should be carefully controlled in order to be compatible with its continued survival ( 3 ) . however , more effective legislation is required to control hunting and trading within the philippines ( 5 ) . in addition , while the philippine hawk - eagle has been recorded from numerous protected areas , the degree of protection these sites actually afford is unclear and there may be further important sites , the protection of which would greatly benefit this magnificent bird of prey ( 5 ) .
54–61 cm ; c . 1200 g . typical hawk - eagle with crest of 4–5 black feathers up to 8 cm long . head is brown to dark olive - buff , variably streaked black ; upperparts , . . .
c and s philippine is ( samar , biliran , leyte , negros , siquijor , bohol , mindanao and basilan ) .
fjeldså , j . ( 2018 ) . south philippine hawk - eagle ( nisaetus pinskeri ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
clark , w . s . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . north philippine hawk - eagle ( nisaetus philippensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
very little is known about the biology of the philippine hawk - eagle , possibly due to its habit of perching in the canopy , concealed with foliage ( 4 ) . however , it soars frequently , and its presence is often revealed by its distinctive two - note call given in flight or while perched ( 4 ) . whilst its diet has not been recorded , like other birds of prey it is likely to use its powerful , hooked bill and long , sharp talons to kill a variety of forest animals .
very little is known about the biology of the philippine hawk - eagle , possibly due to its habit of perching in the canopy , concealed with foliage ( 4 ) . however , it soars frequently , and its presence is often revealed by its distinctive two - note call given in flight or while perched ( 4 ) . whilst its diet has not been recorded , like other birds of prey it is likely to use its powerful , hooked bill and long , sharp talons to kill a variety of forest animals .
( occurring on the southern philippine islands and only recently recognised ) is very similar , but has ochraceous - tawny throat and breast , and plain brownish belly and underwing coverts .
important references : birdlife international . 2000 . threatened birds of the world . lynx edicions , barcelona , spain , and birdlife international , cambridge , uk . clark , w . s . 1994 . philippine hawk - eagle . p . 204 in del hoyo , j . , a . elliott , and j . sargatal ( eds ) . handbook of birds of the world . vol . 2 . new world vultures to guineafowl . lynx edicions , barcelona , spain . ferguson - lees , j . , and d . a . christie .
dependent on forests in which to forage and breed , the philippine hawk - eagle is likely to be threatened by habitat destruction throughout its predominantly lowland range ( 7 ) . forest cover in the philippines has been drastically reduced ; for example , on mindanao , only 29 percent of the forest cover remains , while on bohol just six percent is still standing ( 8 ) . these remnant forest patches continue to be cleared , with most remaining forests being leased to logging concessions or covered by mining applications , the acceptance of which would give companies the right to clear forests ( 8 ) . the impact of habitat loss is being compounded by significant hunting and trapping pressure ( 7 ) .
dependent on forests in which to forage and breed , the philippine hawk - eagle is likely to be threatened by habitat destruction throughout its predominantly lowland range ( 7 ) . forest cover in the philippines has been drastically reduced ; for example , on mindanao , only 29 percent of the forest cover remains , while on bohol just six percent is still standing ( 8 ) . these remnant forest patches continue to be cleared , with most remaining forests being leased to logging concessions or covered by mining applications , the acceptance of which would give companies the right to clear forests ( 8 ) . the impact of habitat loss is being compounded by significant hunting and trapping pressure ( 7 ) .
this newly - split forest eagle qualifies as endangered because its very small population , of which the majority is in two main subpopulations , is undergoing a continuing and very rapid decline owing to lowland forest loss , exacerbated by hunting and trade .
gamauf a , gjershaug jo , rov n , kvaly k and haring e ( 2005 ) .
species or subspecies ? the dilemma of taxonomic ranking of some south - east asian hawk - eagles ( genus spizaetus )
. bird conservation international 15 : 99–117 . doi : 10 . 1017 / s0959270905000080 .
gamauf , a . , gjershaug , j . o . , rfv , n . , kvalfy , k . and haring , e . ( 2005 ) species or subspecies ? the dilemma of taxonomic ranking of some south - east asian hawk - eagles ( genus spizaetus ) . bird conservation international , 15 : 99 - 117 .
conservation : birdlife international does not accept the separation of southern philippine populations as n . pinskeri , but designates the combined populations as vulnerable . as treated here , the separate species should probably be classified as endangered . both taxa are suffering from continuing habitat loss in many parts of their respective ranges and also from hunting and trapping pressure ( birdlife international 2009 ) .
population estimates : ferguson - lees and christie ( 2001 ) estimated the global population of the n . philippensis , including the populations now assigned to n . pinskeri , as being in the range of 1 , 001 to 10 , 000 individuals . gamauf et al . ( 2005 ) pointed out that splitting the hawk - eagle populations of the philippines into two species would lead to lower estimates of their respective population sizes , which they estimated at 200 - 220 pairs for n . philippensis on luzon and 320 - 340 pairs for n . pinskeri on mindanao ( preleuthner and gamauf 1998 ) . birdlife international ( 2009 ) concluded that this leads to a global population estimate for the combined populations of 1 , 000 to 2 , 500 individuals .
traditionally thought to form a species - group with n . nipalensis , n . bartelsi , n . alboniger ( with n . nanus ) and n . lanceolatus . recent genetic data , however , suggested that present species and n . lanceolatus are closer to n . cirrhatus # r . until recently , n philippine populations considered inseparable from c & s ones , but recently described form pinskeri ( see below ) now recognized as full species . monotypic .
65 - 70 cm . medium - sized eagle with longish , black crest . rufescent - brown crown and face , with fine dark streaks . dark brown upperparts . brown tail with 4 - 5 darker bars . white throat , bordered by dark malars . black mesial stripe . rufous underparts with black streaking . finely barred black - and - white
trousers
. pale iris . in flight , shows broad , rounded wings and well - barred flight feathers . juvenile has white head and underparts , upperparts fringed paler . acquires adult plumage over four years .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
nisaetus philippensis and n . pinskeri ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) were previously lumped as n . philippensis following haring et al . ( 2006 ) , which before then was placed in the genus spizaetus following sibley and monroe ( 1990 , 1993 ) .
benstead , p . , bird , j . , lowen , j . , taylor , j . , martin , r & symes , a .
1999 ) . it is uncommon in the sierra madre lowlands , very scarce on mindoro , and is very probably already extinct on some smaller islands within its former range . in the late 1990s 200 - 220 pairs were estimated to remain on luzon ( preleuthner and gamauf 1998 ) .
the species stronghold appears to be luzon where 200 - 220 pairs were estimated in the late 1990s ( preleuthner and gamauf 1998 ) . given that rapid declines have presumably continued since then , a preliminary population estimate is of a total of 400 - 600 mature individuals , roughly equating to 600 - 900 individuals . trend justification : deforestation in the philippines is reported to have been very rapid in recent decades , and it is said that the country lost c . 40 % of its forest cover in the 20 years between 1970 and 1990 ( uitamo 1999 ) . data from essc ( environmental science for social change ) suggest that the area of closed - canopy forest in the philippines decreased by c . 44 % between 1987 and 2002 ( walpole 2010 ) . assuming rapid losses of primary forest over the past 56 years , and impacts from hunting and trapping pressure , it is likely that this species has experienced population declines of more than 50 % over the past three generations .
it inhabits primary , selectively logged and disturbed forest , occasionally frequenting open areas , from the lowlands to lower mountain slopes , almost exclusively below 1 , 000 m . it appears not to tolerate much forest degradation . no migration is known , although unconfirmed reports from the migration funnel of dalton pass ( luzon ) hint at intra - island movements .
deforestation for plantation agriculture , livestock and logging throughout its extensive , predominantly lowland range is the chief threat . in 1988 , forest cover was as low as 24 % on luzon , which is likely to be an overestimate , with most lowland forest leased to logging concessions . habitat loss is exacerbated by considerable hunting and trapping pressure .
cites appendix ii . it has been recorded recently from numerous protected areas , including mts isarog and makiling national parks , the northern sierra madre natural park and bataan natural park / subic bay and recently on mount irid - angilo - binuang of the southern sierra madre in luzon ( j . ibanez
. 2007 ) , as well as tadao ilocos norte , mt palay palay and mt banahao ( d . allen
. these sites are legally protected through local government decrees , but the efficacy of this legislation is often unclear and is ineffective at mt malindang and in the southern sierra madre ( d . allen
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endemic to the philippines , whereit has been recorded on at least 12 islands , including luzon , mindoro , mindanao , negros , samar , basilan , bohol and leyte ( 7 ) .
classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) , and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) .
birdlife international . ( 2001 ) threatened birds of asia : the birdlife international red data book . birdlife international , cambridge , uk .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . morphological referring to the visible or measurable characteristics of an organism . primary forest forest that has remained undisturbed for a long time and has reached a mature condition . subspecies a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species , but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species .
del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . and sargatal , j . ( 1994 ) handbook of the birds of the world . vol . 2 : new world vultures to guineafowl . lynx edicions , barcelona .
kennedy , r . s . , gonzales , p . c . , dickinson , e . c . , miranda jr , h . c . and fisher , t . h . ( 2000 ) a guide to the birds of the philippines . oxford university press , oxford .
birdlife international . ( 2003 ) saving asia ' s threatened birds : a guide for government and civil society . birdlife international , cambridge , uk .
auscape international po box 1024 , bowral nsw 25a76 australia tel : ( + 61 ) 2 4885 2245 fax : ( + 61 ) 2 4885 2715 sales @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
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gives shrill
yiep - yiep
or similar , which is quite different from rising , four - syllable . . .
forest in lowlands and foothills mostly to 1050 m ( on luzon ) , including selectively logged areas , . . .
no information available . presumably similar to other members of genus , taking large birds and some mammals . has predilection for concealed . . .
no information available , although birds with enlarged gonads reported in jan and aerial display ( undescribed ) reported in late mar .
apparently sedentary , although inter - island movements by immatures possible and unconfirmed reports . . .
. population estimated at 400–600 mature individuals . since 1980 , there . . .
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asian genus previously included within spizaetus , but recent studies support its recognition as separate from american taxa # r # r .
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inhabits mature forest in lowlands and low mountains ; to above 1900 m in montane mossy forest .
little information . probably feeds on birds . perches in concealed locations in canopy , but most often seen at forest edges or soaring over . . .
endangered . restricted - range species : present in negros and panay eba , mindanao and the eastern visayas eba , sulu archipelago eba and siquijor secondary area . cites ii . . . .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : nisaetus philippensis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
clements , j . f . , t . s . schulenberg , m . j . iliff , d . roberson , t . a . fredericks , b . l . sullivan , and c . l . wood . 2014 . the ebird / clements checklist of birds of the world : version 6 . 9 . downloaded from urltoken
endemic to the philippines , whereit has been recorded on at least 12 islands , including luzon , mindoro , mindanao , negros , samar , basilan , bohol and leyte ( 7 ) .
type for spizaetus philippensis catalog number : usnm 578113 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of birds sex / stage : female ; preparation : skin : whole collector ( s ) : d . rabor year collected : 1963 locality : car - can - mad - lan area , surigao del sur , mindanao , philippines , asia elevation ( m ) : 305 to 640
type : preleuthner & gamauf , a . june 1998 . journal of raptor research . 32 ( 2 ) : 126 - 135 .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank .
below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) , and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) .
the species stronghold appears to be luzon where 200 - 220 pairs were estimated in the late 1990s ( preleuthner and gamauf 1998 ) . given that rapid declines have presumably continued since then , a preliminary population estimate is of a total of 400 - 600 mature individuals , roughly equating to 600 - 900 individuals .
. 2012 ) . these sites are legally protected through local government decrees , but the efficacy of this legislation is often unclear and is ineffective at mt malindang and in the southern sierra madre ( d . allen
its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests . it is threatened by habitat loss .
helbig aj , kocum a , seibold i & braun mj ( 2005 ) a multi - gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles ( aves : accipitriformes ) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 35 ( 1 ) : 147 - 164 pdf
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distribution : indomalayan . endemic to luzon island , philippines . more . . . .
movements : non - migratory , but juveniles disperse from breeding areas ( bildstein 2006 ) .
habitat and habits : occurs in forest and advanced second - growth from lowlands to over 1 , 900 m in montane mossy forest ( kennedy et al . 2000 ) . perches in concealed locations in canopy and often soars ( kennedy et al . op cit . ) .
food and feeding behavior : prey not recorded ( kennedy et al . 2000 ) .
breeding : nest and eggs are undescribed ( kennedy et al . ( 2000 ) .
haring , e . , k . kvalýy , j . o . gjershaug , and a . gamauf .
helbig , a . j . , a . kocum , i . seibold , and m . j . braun .