spectrum ( foaled 8 may 1992 ) was an irish-bred , british-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a racing career which lasted from october 1994 until august 1996 he ran nine times and won four races .

as a three-year-old in 1995 he won the irish 2000 guineas but was injured when starting second favourite for the epsom derby .

he returned in autumn to win the champion stakes over ten furlongs at newmarket .

after a disappointing four-year-old season he was retired to stud where he became a successful sire of winners .

spectrum ( horse )

winning spectrum was sired by spectrum out of the dam dublin winning spectrum was foaled on 12 of november in 2001 .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for winning spectrum . winning spectrum is a gelding born in 2001 november 12 by spectrum out of dublin
winning spectrum has a 11 % win percentage and 32 % place percentage . winning spectrum ' s last race event was at roma .
for everything you need to know about horse racing . free horse racing tips from professional punters and betting secrets to increase your horse racing profits .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for solaris spectrum . solaris spectrum is a gelding born in 2011 september 26 by time thief out of chloris
head of fire horse in spectrum colors on black background . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 22910052 .
winning spectrum is a 15 year old bay gelding . winning spectrum is trained by dean jeffery , at charleville and owned by glenvallen investment pty ltd syndicate .
almost unknown in america , horse chestnut extract is a staple of european herbalism . horse chestnut is rich in saponins and flavones , which modern research has shown help support the normal integrity of the vascular system and connective tissue . planetary herbals full spectrum horse chestnut delivers a minimum of 20 % aescin , the primary constituent in horse chestnut for assuring potency .
we ' re giving you the ticket that opens up the wide world of horse racing and the horse racing industry ,
said gallo .
producing or not extended - spectrum β - lactamases . bmc microbiol . 2013 , 13 : 84 -
. and a lot of fun . iam very pleased with the results i have gotten when using spectrum .
lacking extended - spectrum beta - lactamases . j antimicrob chemother . 2008 , 62 : 1245 - 1251 .
“costs run the full spectrum from $ 1 , 000 to well over $ 1 million ( per horse ) , ” he said . “the cheapest part ( of owning a race horse ) is the initial purchase price because the upkeep and training is quite expensive . ”
winning spectrum ' s exposed form for its last starts is 0 - 6 - 8 - 5 - 6 .
lisanne is founder and director of red horse foundation . she is eagala trained .
© copyright red horse foundation 2017 . all rights reserved . red horse foundation is a not - for - profit company registered in england & wales no . 07203761
“he was a horse you would ride into battle with . ” darren weir .
madeleine facilitates eagala and equine facilitated psychotherapy ( efp ) sessions at red horse foundation .
the money associated with horse racing doesn’t just end at the race track , though .
winning spectrum’s last race event was at 21 / 11 / 2009 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .
spectrum horse service david & donna mulinski 14605 s . chapin road elsie , mi 48831 farm : 989 661 2261 cell & text : 989 666 7862 email : donna . mulinski @ urltoken alternate email : emilski @ urltoken
she has experience in the field of functional diversity and learning difficulties , especially with children and young adults on the autistic spectrum .
winning spectrum career form is 2 wins , 2 seconds , 2 thirds from 19 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ .
however , even you can buy a horse that could some day lead to the hollowed ground .
“he was the perfect racehorse , a beautiful horse with a terrific action . speed , class and a super - intelligent horse to go with it – he had it all . ” aidan o’brien
it ' s your first step into the wonderful world of horse racing ,
gallo said .
though palmer says euthanasia is inevitable in some cases , the work never stops to prevent all horse injuries .
violette , a trainer himself , says everything that’s done at the spa is with horse safety in mind .
there were immediate problems for the rider , as none of the other jockeys ever saw carmouche pass them . the track vet was called over to take a look and noted that there was no mud on the horse , the horse’s bandages or the jockey . he also observed the horse wasn ' t even breathing hard .
the legendary horse won 20 of his 21 career starts , including the preakness stakes and the belmont stakes .
only the third horse since nijinsky to land the guineas / derby double following nashwan and sea the stars .
with ctx - m - 15 and other extended - spectrum - lactamases in the uk . j antimicrob chemother . 2007 , 61 : 54 - 58 .
is teaching use on our on horse . that were are training as we go . it has been a great experience
with background information or without , the number of horse deaths at saratoga race course in 2017 is alarming for everyone .
we try and develop them into good , older horses that will race for multiple years so people can really get attached to them and have longevity in their relationship with the horse because the horse has longevity in his racing career .
other strains to consider include red ransom and sons ; blushing groom through quest for fame , spectrum , viscount and fantastic light , and the snippets brothers snowland and snippetson .
a few columns back , i wrote about a jockey named frank hayes who rode a winning horse while being deceased in the saddle . while that story is tough to top , here are a few other oddities that have happened in horse racing :
it ' s unclear if the horse stumbled at the start or just missed the break but the horse was hopelessly left behind . apparently , carmouche pulled up his horse , made a left turn through the infield and waited for the other horses to come down the stretch . carmouche rode his mount out in front of the pack and won by more than 20 lengths .
what happened with california chrome is why a lot of us try ownership : because a good horse can come from anywhere .
even when a race horse’s career comes to an end , there’s still plenty of opportunity to cash out . some become breading stock – and the moneymaking scale is determined by how successful the horse’s racing career was . if a race horse isn’t used for future breading , they can also be used for pleasure , adopted out , or re - trained for other equine disciplines .
palmer says along with other complications , there’s also the chance of a horse developing laminitis , an infection that can be fatal .
gallo said owning a share of a horse with parting glass racing starts at $ 3 , 000 to $ 4 , 000 plus a maintenance fee each year after , as long as the horse is racing . your ownership includes vip access to the track .
“as courageous & sound a horse of wind & limb i’ve trained . i’ll be buying a mare for him . ” darren weir
as payne ' s horse , hon kwok star , loaded into the starting gate , the jockey gave his brother - in - law jason patton a glance and nodded his head . patton also happened to be riding in the race aboard a horse named cogitate .
i have been working on and off with spectrum since 1996 . i have used them to breed my mares . and now donna is teaching my niece and i how to ride in different dissaplins
for over 16 years ! i would trust no one but donna with my stallion saareef when it comes to repro work . every horse she
then then was the horse called ' event of the year , ' which could have turned into the ' event of his career ' in 1998 . the best ride baze had ever been given in the kentucky derby , the horse went lame just a week before the prestigious race .
“what happened with california chrome is why a lot of us try ownership : because a good horse can come from anywhere , ” schweigardt said .
in october of 2015 i brought my haflinger stallion , niagara yes , to donna at spectrum . since then she has taken wonderful care of him , got him started in riding and dressage work , done everything
it was short lived however , as the stewards disqualified piggot and placed him behind the horse he mugged . he was also suspended for 20 days .
madeleine is co - founder of red horse foundation . she is eagala ( equine assisted growth and learning ) trained and a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist .
munday cj : predominance and genetic diversity of community - and hospital - acquired ctx - m extended - spectrum β - lactamases in york , uk . j antimicrob chemother . 2004 , 54 : 628 - 633 .
amanda’s primary contribution to red horse is her planning , organisational and admin skills gleaned from a career in health and education . she keeps our office running smoothly .
saratoga springs , n . y . - - the winner ' s circle at saratoga race course is some of the most coveted real estate in horse racing .
red ransom’s triple group 1 winner electrocutionist is out of an arazi mare . arazi is a son of blushing groom , who is also available via quest for fame , spectrum , redding , noverre , nassipour and fantastic light mares .
andrew is a sports anchor and sports managing editor for spectrum news . he covers sports all across the state of kentucky for sports night , which airs weeknights at 6 : 30 and 10 : 30 on spectrum news . andrew was a sports anchor and reporter at kfdm / kbtv in beaumont , texas for four years before making the move back home to the midwest . he is originally from carmel , indiana and majored in broadcast journalism and political science at syracuse university .
among the isolates examined in this work . however , the ctx - m - 2 subtype is not restricted to animal or even horse isolates . it was previously found in
geser n , stephan r , hächler h : occurrence and characteristics of extended - spectrum β - lactamase ( esbl ) producing enterobacteriaceae in food producing animals , minced meat and raw milk . bmc vet res . 2012 , 8 : 21 -
the ahc’s 2005 study showed the horse industry was made up of a diverse population . about 34 % of horse owners had a household income of less than $ 50 , 000 , while just 28 % earned more than $ 100 , 000 annually . the rest had yearly earnings that totaled between $ 25 , 000 and $ 75 , 000 .
works with is treated as if it is the only stallion in the world ! donna will always go the
extra mile
to solve any issues your horse may have .
gallo said before you become a part horse owner , do your homework . after that , you never know , you may find yourself in the winner ' s circle in saratoga .
“what’s a horse worth ? part of it is the sizzle , ” rosenberg said . “part of it is what you might hope for in purses and earnings , but the other part is what the pedigree looks like , what the horse might be worth as a stallion or broodmare , and if the ( owner or buyer ) wants to race or sell offspring . ”
the sport of horse racing can occur in the most uncontrolled environments . horses running at 40 mph , weather conditions and human interaction can make this game unpredictable and , at times , even absurd .
to understand the economics behind the sport , you have to start at the beginning . though a horse can be bought at any stage of life , schweigardt said there are three times race horses typically exchange hands : from the weanling stage , or when the horse is between 6 - 8 months old and taken off of its mother ; the yearling stage ; or at two - years old .
the 2 nd regiment , royal canadian horse artillery is an army regular force unit based in petawawa , ontario . 2 rcha was formed on 7 august , 1950 as the artillery component of the canadian army special force for united nations service in korea . since then , 2 rcha has operated and trained across the world and across the spectrum of operations including humanitarian relief in turkey , honduras , haiti , and pakistan , peacekeeping in cyprus and bosnia and war fighting in korea and afghanistan .
the horse didn ' t finish in the money but payne had started the race aboard 12 - 1 hon kwok star , survived an accident and finished the race on a 33 - 1 shot named cogitate .
as the horses came down the stretch , chavez looked for an opening through the horses to send his mount . when the horses parted , chavez roared through the seam only to look up and see a man standing his ground right in front of him and the oncoming horses . chavez was narrowly able to maneuver his horse around the drunken man , who took a feeble swing at artax as the horse went by .
spectrum ( ire ) b . h , 1992 { 1 - l } dp = 9 - 4 - 17 - 10 - 4 ( 44 ) di = 0 . 96 cd = 0 . 09 - 9 starts , 4 wins , 1 places , 1 shows career earnings : $ 598 , 538
when it comes to training a horse to be the next triple crown winner , the amount of cash you lay down all depends on the tracks where the animals are trained and raced and the area of the country .
his first win came a few months later , on a horse trained by his father , a former jockey himself , and the total prize money that baze has since accumulated stands at a staggering us $ 186 million .
it was reid ' s first success in the champion stakes - worth pounds 141 , 840 to the winning owners lord weinstock and his son simon - and chapple - hyam ' s second , having scored with another irish guineas winner , rodrigo de triano , three years ago . spectrum will stay in training next year .
• lost in the fog : on a foggy day at louisiana downs in 1990 , jockey sylvester carmouche was loaded into the gate aboard his mount landing officer . the horse was 23 - 1 and sported a dismal racing record .
fabienne has a degree in psychology ( autonomous university of barcelona ) and a post graduate diploma in equine assisted learning and therapies ( university of vic ) , as well as 18 years’ background in horse riding , including riding lessons .
this is not an investment that you go into thinking that you ' re going to make money . this is something that you ' re putting money in because you want the experience of owning a horse ,
gallo said .
leistner r , sakellariou c , gürntke s , kola a , steinmetz i , kohler c , pfeifer y , eller c , gastmeier p , schwab f : mortality and molecular epidemiology associated with extended - spectrum β - lactamase production in escherichia coli from bloodstream infection . infect drug resist . 2014 , 7 : 57 - 62 .
his career has spawned seasons in the highest echelons of american racing , in southern california , and participations in the kentucky derby and various grade i races , but it ' s in the lower end spectrum of racing in north california that baze is best known ( or not , given his relative obscurity outside of racing circles ) .
multiresistant gram - negative bacteria producing extended - spectrum β - lactamases ( esbls ) are an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine . this study focused on comparative molecular characterization of β - lactamase and esbl - producing enterobacteriaceae isolates from central hesse in germany . isolates originated from humans , companion animals ( dogs and cats ) and horses .
• a piggoted whip : in the 1979 grand prix deauville , legendary jockey lester piggot dropped his whip midway through the race . when the horses straightened for home , piggot and his mount drew even with the horse running in second place .
i was having a few beers recently with a keen punting friend of mine and during the inevitable racing discussions he emphatically stated he would not back any horse under $ 3 . 00 ( 2 / 1 ) though he did . . .
while the sometimes sky - high price all begins with the breed and the bloodlines , the competition component of race - horse ownership is also an attractive part of the puzzle that can help make the money spent up front worth the hassle .
as of friday morning , the gaming commission is investigating 12 horse deaths . two horses died while training before the meet began . since opening day , five died while training and five while racing . the majority were euthanized due to catastrophic injury .
spectrum ' s performance was a triumph for his trainer , peter chapple - hyam , who patiently nursed the son of rainbow quest back from injuries incurred when he finished 13th in the derby . chapple - hyam said :
it was touch and go whether he ever ran again . he was very jarred up and had deep muscle problems .
with a quick look over at fellow jock alain lequenx , piggot snatched the whip from the reluctant rider and went on to flog his horse with the stolen stick to the wire . piggot didn ' t catch the winner but he did secure second place over his robbery victim .
arlington was precocious as a juvenile , first racing as an october 2yo , and was stakes - placed at just his second start . as a 3yo , arlington ran third in the gr1 randwick guineas to horse of the year weekend hussler and eventual gr1 doncaster handicap winner triple honour
dierikx cm , van duijkeren e , schoormans ahw , van essen - zandbergen a , veldman k , kant a , huijsdens xw , van der zwaluw k , wagenaar ja , mevius dj : occurrence and characteristics of extended - spectrum - β - lactamase - and ampc - producing clinical isolates derived from companion animals and horses . j antimicrob chemother . 2012 , 67 : 1368 - 1374 .
was identified in 41 . 6 % of all strains . detection rates were highest in isolates from dogs ( 59 . 7 % ) , followed by cat ( 45 . 5 % ) , outpatient ( 32 . 8 % ) and horse ( 29 % ) isolates . however ,
so , what happens when a potential owner doesn’t find exactly what they’re looking for at auction ? they’re not out of luck ; instead , they can turn to a kind of custom breeding : matching up their choice of female with their male pick to breed their ideal version of the perfect race horse .
spectrum won his colours in the autumn sunshine here yesterday with a sparkling victory in the dubai champion stakes . the irish 2 , 000 guineas winner came back to his best to take the 10 - furlong group 1 contest with a scintillating burst of speed up the final hill . john reid timed his challenge to perfection on the bonny colt , who had two lengths to spare over the paul cole pair riyadian and montjoy , separated by a head .
he said in new york state , known for having one of the best racing circuits in the nation because of its competitions like the belmont stakes and high - class racing facilities like saratoga raceway , the cost to own and condition a thoroughbred race horse runs about $ 46 , 000 . and that’s just a breakeven price for one year .
that cost includes a trainer’s day rate , which covers the cost per day to train at a barn or race track . it also covers costs for barn staff , feed , veterinary care , farriering ( the process of putting horse shoes on the hoofs ) , and fees associated with shipping the animal from one race track to another for competition .
rumor has it during one of her dressage tests at the 2018 haflinger sport nationals , kentucky horse park . this was a first show for this wonderful mare . she handled everything so well . this mare is in foal to 2018 haflinger sport nationals champion senior stallion niagara yes . huge thank you to kylie helps for all your work with this mare .
liebana e , carattoli a , coque tm , hasman h , magiorakos ap , mevius d , peixe l , poirel l , schuepbach - regula g , torneke k , torren - edo j , torres c , threlfall j : public health risks of enterobacterial isolates producing extended - spectrum - lactamases or ampc - lactamases in food and food - producing animals : an eu perspective of epidemiology , analytical methods , risk factors , and control options . clin infect dis . 2013 , 56 : 1030 - 1037 .
the majority of the race was uneventful until the final turn , when the in - laws and their horses collided . patton flew off cogitate and crashed to the turf . at the same instant , hon kwok star tossed payne sideways toward the now - vacant saddle of cogitate . the young jockey pulled himself up , grabbed the reins and rode the horse to the wire .
whatever we do to that horse to fix it , he has to be able to stand up when we’re done and be functional and that capacity ,
he said .
a second thing is infection . if a bone comes through the skin and there’s an open fracture where the animal is exposed to infection , the chances of healing that fracture are very compromised .
] . this study was designed to investigate the distribution of β - lactamases , particularly esbl , and pmqr genes among isolates from human , companion animal and horse samples in a defined geographical area of germany . the key question was whether similar resistance characteristics are currently present among both groups . indeed , our studies here demonstrate that isolates from human and animal samples share numerous characteristics .
horses are typically bought and sold at public auctions or claiming races - - contests in which a potential owner can bid on a horse before a race and claim it at the end - - and the attributes buyers look for run the gamut . essentially , it all comes down to a matter of personal performance preference . but one thing’s for sure : everyone is looking for a winner .
data on thoroughbred auction sales in north america compiled by the jockey club shows of 1 , 163 weanlings sold in 2013 for an average price of $ 53 , 020 . and to schweigardt’s point , the older the horse , the higher the price . the average cost for yearlings was slightly more than $ 60 , 000 while broodmares sold for a whopping $ 81 , 937 on average .
as an older horse , arlington picked up group placings in the gr2 japan - new zealand international trophy and gr3 tauranga stakes ( behind multiple gr1 winner sir slick ) . he also has three listed placings to his credit ( two of those in his 2yo season ) . arlington proved on the track that he was tough , and talented , having 54 starts over six seasons for five wins .
by picking up pounds 58 , 000 for second place , riyadian fully justified the decision to supplement him at a cost of pounds 20 , 000 last week . the mile specialist bahri - behind spectrum in the irish guineas on their only previous meeting - was in contention at his best distance , but found the final two furlongs beyond him . but the pounds 6 , 398 he earned for fifth still took john dunlop to the top of the trainer ' s earnings table and thus confirmed his first championship in his 29 - year career , for his main rival , saeed bin suroor , will have no more runners in britain this season .
at a cost of about $ 10 , 000 , california chrome was bred for life as a race horse . it sounds like a hefty sum for a four - legged animal that comes with absolutely no guarantee of a successful racing career , let alone a winning one . but andy schweigardt , director of industry relations and development at the thoroughbred owners and breeders association , says that’s only the tip of the iceberg compared to what some are willing to spend .
owner : lord weinstock & the hon . simon weinstock breeder : ballymacoll stud farm ltd . winnings : 9 starts : 4 - 1 - 1 , $ 598 , 538 won : irish 2000 guineas gr . 1 ( ire ) , dubai champion s . gr . 1 ( eng ) . 2nd : prix du prince d ' orange gr . 3 ( fr ) . 3rd : juddmonte lockinge s . gr . 1 ( eng ) . 4th prix ganay ( fr - g1 ) . foaled may 8 , 1992 . retired to stud duties in 1997 in england and australia . graham beck had obtained the services of spectrum for his highlands operation in south africa . ( close )
the most recent and comprehensive data on the industry was compiled by the american horse council in 2005 . but its findings are significant , showing that one in every 63 americans is , in one way or another , involved with horses . the industry as a whole contributed $ 101 . 5 billion to u . s . gdp , while racing , showing , and recreational components contributed between $ 10 . 5 billion and $ 12 billion to the total goods and services produced by the industry .
the focus of this study was a comparative investigation of 361 esbl - producing enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from animals and human patients presenting at a veterinary clinic and a hospital , respectively , both serving a similar catchment area . the prevalence of β - lactamase - , particularly esbl - producing bacteria in companion animal , horse and human isolates of clinical origin was examined . resistance genes ( β - lactamase and plasmid - mediated quinolone resistance ( pmqr ) ) and e . coli phylogenetic groups were investigated using molecular methods .
was the most frequently identified β - lactamase gene among all investigated isolates . it was detected in 46 . 4 % of the human isolates and in 64 % of all animal isolates . it was present in 199 of 361 isolates ( 55 % ) . the highest detection rates were observed in outpatients ( 58 . 2 % ) , inpatients ( 41 . 4 % ) , dog isolates ( 62 . 7 % ) and horse isolates ( 67 % ) . tem - 52 was the only tem - type esbl that occurred in this study . it was identified in three isolates from human inpatients . results are shown in table
on his comeback run at longchamp last month , the three - year - old had finished a neck behind the derby runner - up , tamure , giving him 7lb . tamure , looking unhappy on the fast ground , finished fourth yesterday , four lengths behind the winner and a short - head in front of the favourite , bahri .
earlier in the day 12 months of planning came to fruition when old red landed the cesarewitch for one of the shrewdest trainers in the business , mary reveley . the five - year - old , ridden coolly by lindsay charnock , stalked steadily through from the back of the field to tackle nanton point a furlong out and stayed on stoutly to take the pounds 46 , 170 prize by a length . the favourite , top cees , finished well to take third spot a neck behind , with inchcailloch fourth .
the competitive two - and - a - quarter mile handicap had been 11 - 1 shot old red ' s target since last autumn , and he came to the race with just one run this year , an eye - catching fourth at ayr in september . but the road to yesterday ' s success was not entirely smooth , for old red is a notoriously difficult character to train .
mrs reveley , whose yard is on the cleveland coast at saltburn , said :
he pulls very hard indeed , and once he takes hold he ' s away . he frightens jockeys to death , and the others were winding lindsay up before the race . kevin darley told him he ' d have been best to leave his car in cambridge .
the trainer , who owns her charge in partnership with a berwick - on - tweed carpet dealer , alf flanagan , paid tribute to one of her work riders , the jump jockey nick smith , for his part in calming old red ' s headstrong tendencies during the winter . and charnock played his part on the day by taking the gelding early to the distant starting point . the jockey said :
the boys told me i ' d better take a packed lunch with me , but i had no trouble going to the start , and he settled well in the race . they can put me on a few more like him if they want .
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14605 s chapin rd ( 2 , 015 . 21 mi ) elsie , michigan 48831 - 9223
ded to get him in position to be able to ship frozen and fresh cooled semen . she has bred my mares at her place and is now helping me get my mares bred thru shipped semen which is a new experience
and she imparts a lot of this knowledge to me for me to hopefully learn ! i am so glad i found her . i believe he couldn ' t be in better hands than where he is .
s and donna ' s knowledge has been so helpful . i look forward to working with donna
again soon . i would recommend her to anyone who wants their stallion taught to ai and collect . awesome people and awesome service
do you have equine repro needs - i will tell you there is no where else to consider . i am so thankful to have found them . not only is their knowledge and expertise evident but also these people are
blessed that my boy is at their facility . i am already making plans for my overo stud to visit them later this year : )
ows exactly what she ' s doing . great person and awesome friend also .
here is what everybody has been waiting for . donna ' s return to the show ring after 16 years . i am so proud of her .
awesome finish to an amazing show ! three horses pulled in all of this . congratulations niagara yes ( due north haflingers / hanson family ) , avion of genesis ( laroe family ) and rumor has it ( mulinski family ) . horses are loaded and we are home bound . not pictured are the ribbons won by new horizons haflingers ( mary procopio ) . her lovely fillies were also shown by 3k .
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our goal here is to have zero fatalities ,
said new york state gaming commissioner equine medical director scott palmer .
each incident is different , but dr . palmer says euthanasia is often needed .
we literally do anything that we can possibly do to eliminate the potential for injury , knowing that the potential for injury is always out there ,
said new york thoroughbred horsemen ' s association president rick violette .
the initiative has to be to try to find out why and how we might be able to avoid it in the future ,
he said .
violette is part of that initiative , along with palmer and dr . mick peterson , a professor at the university of kentucky who researches race tracks across the country .
before they start every race meet , we go in and do a complete review of the material composition , the way the equipment is set up , the maintenance protocols ,
peterson said .
we have weather stations at each of the tracks .
on tuesday , peterson conducted all those tests again and the results were the same , but the work is far from over .
there is never a single villain , a single common factor that’s responsible for all these things ,
palmer said .
but even in those situations , the mission to find better ways to keep all horses safe and happy is neverending .
nobody just turns the page and shrugs their shoulders ,
violette said .
equine welfare is incredibly important , integrity is incredibly important , and safety for the riders and the horses is incredibly important for us ,
palmer said .
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in this study 153 ( 83 . 6 % ) of the human isolates ( n = 183 ) and 163 ( 91 . 6 % ) of the animal isolates ( n = 178 ) were confirmed as esbl producers by pcr and subsequent sequencing of the pcr amplicons . predominant esbl subtypes in human and animal samples were ctx - m - 15 ( 49 . 3 % ) and ctx - m - 1 ( 25 . 8 % ) respectively . subtype bla ctx - m - 2 was found almost exclusively in equine and was absent from human isolates . the carbapenemase oxa - 48 was detected in 19 ertapenem - resistant companion animal isolates in this study . the plasmid - encoded quinolone resistance ( pmqr ) gene aac ( ‘6 ) - ib - cr was the most frequently detected antibiotic - resistance gene present in 27 . 9 % of the human and 36 . 9 % of the animal ciprofloxacin - resistant isolates . combinations of two or up to six different resistance genes ( penicillinases , esbls and pmqr ) were detected in 70 % of all isolates investigated . the most frequent species in this study was escherichia coli ( 74 % ) , followed by klebsiella pneumoniae ( 17 . 5 % ) , and enterobacter cloacae ( 4 . 2 % ) . investigation of escherichia coli phylogenetic groups revealed underrepresentation of group b2 within the animal isolates .
isolates from human , companion animals and horses shared several characteristics regarding presence of esbl , pmqr and combination of different resistance genes . the results indicate active transmission and dissemination of multi - resistant enterobacteriaceae among human and animal populations .
are isolated with increasing frequency from human and animal samples . in particular , the species
] . esbls genes are commonly plasmid - encoded and can easily be transmitted by conjugation to other bacteria , even across species barriers . in addition , various resistance genes are located in or close to mobile genetic elements such as insertion sequences and transposons [
] . lateral gene transfer and continuous dna recombination make it extremely difficult to track transmission pathways of esbl genes in bacterial populations . the transmission of esbl - producing pathogens or esbl genes between companion animals / livestock and owner / caretaker / consumer is currently a subject of intense and controversial discussion . evidence has been presented for zoonotic spread [
] . until now , it is still difficult to estimate the amount of exchange and even more difficult to define the risk for human and animal health and also food safety .
this work sheds light on shared populations of esbl - producing enterobacteriaceae in symptomatic companion animals , horses and humans in the geographical region of middle hesse , germany .
isolates resistant to one or more third - generation cephalosporins ( 200 human isolates and 313 animal isolates ) was examined . identification was done using in - house biochemical tests . in case of ambiguous results confirmation was done using api 20e . prior to further analysis , all isolates were grown on macconkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime ( 2 mg / l ) to promote selection of β - lactamase producers and ensure selection of
] . after performance of the ddst 183 human and 178 animal isolates were categorized as possible esbl - producers and forwarded for a more detailed investigation . isolates with a negative ddst result were not included in the study .
ddst - positive isolates from human clinical samples ( n = 183 ) were taken from the strain collection of the institute of medical microbiology , giessen . some of the isolates originate from routine screening for colonization with esbl - producing enterobacteriaceae at the university hospital giessen . additional isolates were collected from samples of clinically ill patients e . g . blood culture or urine samples in the same facility . all isolates were collected between 2009 and 2010 . approximately two - thirds of the human isolates originated from inpatients ( n = 128 ) and one third were isolates from outpatients wards ( n = 55 ) .
ddst - positive isolates from animals ( n = 178 ) were obtained during a survey for aerobic gram - negative bacteria growing on macconkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime ( 2 mg / l ) among animal patients at the veterinary clinics of the justus liebig university ( jlu ) giessen . all samples were clinically relevant infection related isolates . the isolates originated from horses ( n = 100 ) , dogs ( n = 67 ) and cats ( n = 11 ) and were collected between 2009 and 2011 .
the study was approved by the ethics committee of medical faculty of the justus liebig university of giessen and deemed exempt from informed consent .
antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the vitek®2 compact system with ast n117 cards ( biomérieux ) and etest® stripes ( liofilchem® ) containing ertapenem , cefepime , chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid . results were evaluated according to clsi guidelines for human pathogens ( clsi , 2012 ) .
] were used . the mast carbapenemase detection set ( mast group , uk ) was applied on carbapenem - resistant isolates . furthermore , primers for
- positive strains , amplicons of pcr - positive strains were sequenced to identify the encoded esbl allele in detail . sequencing was performed using the automated sequencer abi prism® 3100 ( life technologies , usa ) . the blastn algorithm of ncbi (
) was used for database searches to identify the resistance gene allele . the primers and the sequences they were derived from are presented in table
, were used as positive controls after sequencing and comparison with known sequences using dnastar software ( dnastar inc , madison , usa ) and the ncbi blastn algorithm .
detection for pmqr by pcr was performed on all isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration ( mic ) ≥ 1 μg / ml for ciprofloxacin ( human isolates : n = 140 , animal isolates : n = 122 ) . oligonucleotide primers for detection of
and the dna fragment tspe4 . c2 to assign the strains to the groups a , b1 , b2 and d according to clermont et al . 2000 [
information regarding the source of isolates , species and the resistance genes detected were assembled into an excel file . the data was subsequently analysed using gene - e [
] which enables the clustering of data with matrix visualization and analysis to support visual data exploration .
the majority of the isolates studied were e . coli ( 74 % ) , followed by k . pneumoniae ( 17 . 5 % ) and enterobacter cloacae ( 4 . 2 % ) . other species detected were klebsiella oxytoca , enterobacter intermedius , citrobacter freundii , providencia stuartii , morganella morganii and proteus mirabilis . the percentages of e . coli and k . pneumoniae isolates among the human and animal isolates were very similar .
] . both human ( n = 183 ) and animal isolates ( n = 178 ) revealed resistance against ampicillin and trimethoprim / sulfmethoxazole . slight differences could be observed concerning the tested third generation cephalosporins ceftazidime , cefotaxime and cefepime . of the human isolates 52 . 5 % ( n = 96 ) showed resistance against ceftazidime , 78 . 7 % ( n = 144 ) resistance against cefotaxime and 98 . 4 % ( n = 180 ) resistance against cefepime . of the animal isolates 75 . 8 % ( n = 135 ) displayed resistance against ceftazidime and 99 . 4 % ( n = 177 ) to cefotaxime and cefepime . of the human isolates 2 . 2 % ( n = 4 ) , and 1 . 1 % ( n = 2 ) of the animal isolates revealed resistance against imipenem . resistance against the other tested carbapenem ( ertapenem ) was detected in 24 . 5 % ( n = 45 ) of human isolates and in 19 . 7 % ( n = 35 ) of animal isolates . the aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin differed in their results . only 5 . 1 % ( n = 9 ) of animal isolates exhibited resistance against amikacin , as compared to 14 . 8 % ( n = 27 ) of the human isolates . the resistance rates against gentamicin were higher in both cases with 35 % ( n = 64 ) in human isolates and 62 . 4 % ( n = 111 ) in animal isolates . high resistance rates in both groups were also revealed for the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin ( 76 . 5 % ( n = 140 ) of the human isolates and 68 . 5 % ( n = 122 ) of the animal isolates ) .
) . in all , 91 . 6 % of the animal isolates and 83 . 6 % of the human isolates were confirmed as esbl producers by pcr and sequencing . the remaining isolates ( 7 . 5 % ) were negative for the presence of
) . among the human isolates 23 % encoded ctx - m - 1 and 52 . 5 % ctx - m - 15 . some human isolates carried
gene was found in 32 . 7 % of human outpatient isolates and in 45 . 3 % of inpatient isolates , while prevalence rates of
were high and similar in both groups ( outpatients 54 . 5 % , inpatients 51 . 6 % ) . animal isolates revealed similar results as 28 . 7 % of these isolates carried
was the dominant resistance subtype in horses ( 37 % ) but it was less frequently isolated in dogs ( 16 . 4 % ) . in contrast ,
occurred more often in dog isolates ( 59 . 7 % ) than in isolates from horses ( 38 % ) or cats ( 36 . 4 % ) . in addition ,
were the prominent β - lactamase genes present in 25 . 8 % and 49 . 3 % of all investigated isolates .
heat maps generated from identified resistance genes and bacterial species among human and animal isolates . identified resistance genes and bacterial species are listed according to frequency ( except for ctx - m - 1 and ctx - m - 15 ) on the right and left side of the figures . source = origin of isolates ( outpatients , inpatients , dogs , cats , horses ) . not included are isolates without detectable resistance gene ( n = 28 ) . the term “other species” includes enterobacter cloacae ( n = 12 ) , klebsiella oxytoca ( n = 9 ) , enterobacter intermedius ( n = 2 ) , enterobacter gergoviae ( n = 1 ) , citrobacter freundii ( n = 1 ) and proteus mirabilis ( n = 1 ) . a is focussing on the origin of isolates whereas the b emphasizes the involved bacterial species .
was identified in 10 . 3 % of the human and in 29 . 4 % of the animal
) . most of the latter isolates originated from dogs . detected shv - type esbl genes were
could be demonstrated in 30 . 1 % of the human isolates . among the animal isolates
all carbapenem resistant isolates ( human isolates : 45 , animal isolates : 40 ) were tested for presence of the carbapenemase oxa - 48 . none of the tested human isolates harboured
. in contrast , 19 ( 5 . 3 % ) of the animal isolates harboured this gene . the isolates harbouring
. prevalence was 27 . 9 % ( n = 39 ) in the human isolates , 36 . 9 % ( n = 45 ) in the animal isolates and 32 . 1 % ( n = 84 ) in all investigated isolates . none of the isolates carried
) were detected in dog isolates . inpatient isolates carried pmqr genes at higher rates ( 37 . 8 % ) than isolates from outpatients ( 23 . 8 % ) . a similar observation could be made among the animal isolates . highest identification rates ( 49 . 5 % ) were observed in isolates originating from animals tested during stay in the small animal clinic . in summary , most pmqr genes were present in dog isolates ( 65 . 1 % ) . overall , pmqr genes could be demonstrated in 43 . 9 % ( n = 115 ) of all investigated isolates .
which was generated by means of the gene - e program . data was then confirmed by analysis of absolute and relative numbers / percentages as displayed in table
. combinations of various plasmid encoded resistance genes ( esbl and non - esbl β - lactamases and pmqr ) were observed in the majority of isolates ( 70 . 1 % ) included in this study ( table
) . most frequently detected ( 26 . 3 % ) was the combination of a tem type penicillinase with a ctx - m type esbl . also regularly observed was a penicillinase ( tem or oxa - 1 ) in combination with ctx - m and plasmid - mediated quinolone resistance ( pmqr ) genes . these combinations were predominantly found among


coralliophila aedonia is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

the world register of marine species ( worms ) states that the subgenus murex ( pseudomurex ) has been brought into synonymy with pseudomurex monterosato , 1872 , leaving the status of murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius unchanged .

the genus pseudomurex in turn has been brought into synonymy with coralliophila h. adams & a. adams , 1853 by m. oliverio in 2008 .

this genus contains the species coralliophila ( pseudomurex ) aedonia .

therefore , there is good reason to believe that both species are synonyms .

coralliophila aedonia

worms - world register of marine species - coralliophila aedonia ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
matthew fowler added text to
coralliophila abbreviata ( short abbreviate coral shell )
on
coralliophila abbreviata ( lamarck , 1816 )
.
no one has contributed data records for coralliophila robillardi yet . learn how to contribute .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by nmnh invertebrate zoology resource from coralliophila to their own page .
explore what eol knows about coralliophila aberrans ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) .
globose coralsnail - coralliophila aberrans ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) - overview - encyclopedia of life
( of coralliophila profundicola haas , 1949 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
to clemam to clemam ( from synonym murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius r . b . watson , 1886 ) to clemam ( from synonym coralliophila profundicola haas , 1949 ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius r . b . watson , 1886 ) to encyclopedia of life to pesi to pesi ( from synonym murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius r . b . watson , 1886 ) to pesi ( from synonym coralliophila profundicola haas , 1949 ) to itis
( of coralliophila profundicola haas , 1949 ) haas f . ( 1949 ) . on some deepsea mollusks from bermuda . buttletí de la institució calalana d ' història natural 37 : 69 - 73 page ( s ) : 69 - 70 [ details ]
watson r . b . ( 1886 ) . report on the scaphopoda and gasteropoda collected by hms challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 .
in : reports of the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s .
challenger
, zoology .
in : reports of the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s .
challenger
, zoology
date of publication 1886 according to low & evenhuis , 2013 ( zootaxa 3701 ( 4 ) : 401–420 ) , but pp . 1 - 608 marked
1885
, pp . 609 - 756 marked
1886
online electronic edition at the library of 19th century science , prepared by dr . david c . bossard , dartmouth college , hanover new hampshire
ambon for bittium diplax r . b . watson , 1886 ascension exclusive economic zone for rissoa ( setia ) triangularis r . b . watson , 1886 azores exclusive economic zone for rissoa quisquiliarum r . b . watson , 1886 brazilian exclusive economic zone for rissoa rustica r . b . watson , 1886 fijian part of the south pacific ocean for phosinella transenna ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) hawaiian exclusive economic zone for rissoa scopulorum r . b . watson , 1886 hawaiian islands for bittium leucocephalum r . b . watson , 1886 hawaiian islands for bittium perparvulum r . b . watson , 1886 new south wales for bittium furvum r . b . watson , 1886 prince edward islands exclusive economic zone for rissoa edwardiensis r . b . watson , 1886 prince edward islands exclusive economic zone for rissoa transenna r . b . watson , 1886 queensland for bittium perparvulum r . b . watson , 1886 queensland for bittium porcellanum r . b . watson , 1886 south atlantic for onoba aedonis ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) tonga for bittium perparvulum r . b . watson , 1886 torres strait for bittium xanthum r . b . watson , 1886 tristan da cunha exclusive economic zone for rissoa philomelae r . b . watson , 1886
referred to by watson ( 1886 : 468 ) as
turritella fastigiata , adams and reeve ,
samarang
1840 , p . 48 , sp . 8 , pl . . . .
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius r . b . watson , 1886 ( original combination )
watson r . b . ( 1886 ) . report on the scaphopoda and gasteropoda collected by hms challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 . in : reports of the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s .
challenger
, zoology . 15 ( part 42 ) : 1 - 756 , pl . 1 - 50 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : p . 181 - 182 , pl . 17 fig . 5 [ details ]
( of murex ( pseudomurex ) aedonius r . b . watson , 1886 ) watson r . b . ( 1886 ) . report on the scaphopoda and gasteropoda collected by hms challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 . in : reports of the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s .
challenger
, zoology . 15 ( part 42 ) : 1 - 756 , pl . 1 - 50 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 181 - 182 ; pl . 17 fig . 5 [ details ]
note off nightingale is . , south atlantic ( 37 . 43°s , . . .
type locality off nightingale is . , south atlantic ( 37 . 43°s , 12 . 48°w , 185 - 277 m ) [ details ]
distribution nightingale island ; brazil ; great meteor seamount , hyères , irving , plato , tyro and atlantis seamount ; azores , moderately . . .
distribution nightingale island ; brazil ; great meteor seamount , hyères , irving , plato , tyro and atlantis seamount ; azores , moderately common in 280 m - 1180 m . [ details ]
garrigues b . & lamy d . ( 2017 ) . muricidae récoltés en guyane au cours de l’expédition la planète revisitée . xenophora taxonomy . 15 : 29 - 38 . [ details ]
biology type of larval development : planktotrophic , inferred from multispiral protoconch . [ details ]
diagnosis shell fusiform , rather solid , up to 20 mm high . protoconch of 3 . 3 whorls , with latge pustulose protoconch 1 and sculpture formed by two spiral keels and small , interrupted axial riblets on protoconch 2 . teleoconch of 7 - 8 whorls , rather convex with deep suture . sculpture of strong , high , slightly prosocline axial folds developed throughout and hardly fainting on the last part of the body whorl ; spiral sculpture of numerous , squamose spiral cordlets overruning the folds and alternating stronger and lesser . body whorl making up ca . 70 % of total height , with regularly rounded profile towards the periphery , distinclly constricted around the siphonal canal whic is marked by a prominent fasciole . aperture rounded , outer lip somewhat thickened internally with small denticles reaching far inside , columellar and parietal edge bordered by a narrow , appressed callus . colour whitish , tending to ivory . [ details ]
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watson r . b . ( 1886 ) . report on the scaphopoda and gasteropoda collected by hms challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 . reports of the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s .
challenger
, zoology : 15 ( part 42 ) : 1 - 756 , pl . 1 - 50 and caecidae pl . 1 - 3
( watson , 1886 ) . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .