it is found in restricted , mostly arid habitats over a broad portion of the south-western united states and northern mexico from southern utah to durango and west to northern california .

the length of the forewings is 2.9-3.8 mm .

phyllonorycter deserticola

home » guide » arthropods ( arthropoda ) » hexapods ( hexapoda ) » insects ( insecta ) » butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) » ribbed cocoon - maker and leaf blotch miner moths ( gracillarioidea ) » leaf blotch miner moths ( gracillariidae ) » lithocolletinae » phyllonorycter » salicaceae - feeding species ( phyllonorycter salicaceae - feeding species ) » phyllonorycter deserticola - hodges # 0748 . 1 ( phyllonorycter deserticola )
phyllonorycter deserticola davis & deschka , 2001 , n . sp . , smithsonian contributions to zoology , v . 614 , p . 1 - 89 .
phyllonorycter deserticola is a moth of the gracillariidae family . it is found in restricted , mostly arid habitats over a broad portion of the south - western united states and northern mexico from southern utah to durango and west to northern california .
davis & deschka , 2001 . biology and systematics of the north american phyllonorycter leafminers on salicaceae , with a synoptic catalog of the palearctic .
biology and systematics of the north american phyllonorycter leafminers on salicaceae , with a synoptic catalog of the palearctic donald r . davis & gerfried deschka . 2001 . smithsonian contributions to zoology 14 .
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( dwelling in ) , in reference to the general habitat of this species .
davis & deschka ( 2001 ) reported the forewing length as 2 . 8 - 3 . 5 mm .
davis & deschka ( 2001 ) description of the adults , including the genitalia , and the immature stages is available in pdf .
davis & deschka ( 2001 ) reported the flight period as late july to early october .
davis & deschka ( 2001 ) reported the larvae are leaf miners of the following .
davis & deschka ( 2001 ) provides a detailed description of the life cycle .
. university of california press , pl . 3 , fig . 31 ; p . 56 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 25 august , 2013 - 3 : 58pm last updated 23 october , 2013 - 12 : 00pm
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the length of the forewings is 2 . 9 - 3 . 8 mm . adults are on wing from late july to early october in two generations , with the second generation overwintering .
the larvae feed on populus species , including populus fremontii , populus deltoides wislizeni , populus x parryi ( populus freemontii x populus trichocarpa ) . they mine the leaves of their host plant .
the specific name is derived from the latin desertum ( a waste place ) and cola ( dwelling in ) , in reference to the general habitat of this species .
1 ♂ , genitalia slide gd ( no number ) ( jäckh 1972 : 552 ) .
holotype ♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 31♂ and 86♀ , plus 199 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . dimić ; genitalia slides gd1978 , gd1989a ( ♂ ) and gd1964 , gd1982 , gd1987 ( ♀ ) ; 6 paratypes in eihu ; 40 paratypes in zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide nr . usnm30779 , gd1704 , usnm ; paratypes 4♂ and 10♀ in coll . deschka ( steyr ) , usnm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd478 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 2♀ , genitalia slide gd489 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1881♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 115 specimens ♂ , ♀ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . burmann , 4♀ in tmlf ( see huemer & erlebach 2003 : 101 ) . 2 paratypes in bmnh .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1081 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 20 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , genitalia slides gd1089 , gd1090 , gd1082 , gd1003 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . klimesch ( in zsm ) . 7 paratypes in zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1872 , z547 , tlmf ; paratypes 29♂ and 35♀ , genitalia slides bmnh30491 , gd1852 , 1856 , 1863 , trb249 , 1897 , 1898 , 1911 , 1912 , 1916 , 1985 , 2001 , 2002 , 2165 , 2661 , 2684 , 2714 , 2719 , etc . , bmnh , eihu , sehu , tlmf , zmhb , zmuc , zin , zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide usnm30777 , gd1410 , usnm ; paratypes 86♂ and 76♀ in coll . d . l . wagner , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , ucb , usnm , bmnh .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd331 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 4♂ and 2♀ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . glaser .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1376 , lnk ; paratypes 2♂ and 2♀ , genitalia slides gd1378 , gd1383 , lnk .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd468 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 36 specimens ( gender not stated ) , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . klimesch ( in zsm ) , coll . glaser .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide usnm - 30776 , gd1549 , usnm ; paratypes 25♂ and 23♀ in coll . d . l . wagner , coll . deschka ( steyr ) and usnm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd736 , nhmw ; paratypes 1♂ and 1♀ , plus 2 specimens ( gender not stated ) , nhmw .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd864♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , in nhmw ; paratypes 1♂ and 1♀ , genitalia slide gd865 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . kasy ( vienna ) .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide nr . usnm30778 , gd1312 , usnm ; paratypes 8♂ and 9♀ in coll . deschka ( steyr ) , ansp , usnm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1055♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 555 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . klimesch ( in zsm ) ; 8 paratypes in eihu ; 12 paratypes in zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1894 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 14 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , genitalia slide ♀ gd1916 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd924 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 140 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , coll . klimesch ( in zsm ) . in total 8 paratypes in zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1715 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 2♂ and 3♀ , genitalia slide gd1757 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1893♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 53 ( ♂ and ♀ ) , genitalia slide gd1917♀ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) , bmnh .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd1483♂ , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 35 specimens ( ♂ and ♀ ) , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; 2 paratypes , eihu .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gd930 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) ; paratypes 4♀ , genitalia slide gd936 , coll . deschka ( steyr ) .
in this paper we work with the assumption that items giving synonyms in dictionaries are primarily of assistance in the case of text production problems . we assume furthermore that
does not prevail between lexemes but rather between textual items in concrete texts . accordingly a rich . . . . . . selection of synonyms in text production dictionaries will offer the possibility to select the appropriate item â but only for mother - tongue speakers . we are not discussing items giving synonyms in learners ' dictionaries and school dictionaries . from a selection of existing dictionaries it shows , as could . . . . . . be expected , that there is no uniform lexicographic practice but also numerous ways of dealing with synonyms that offers very little assistance to the intended target users of a specific dictionary . this could be due to the fact that too often the inclusion and presentation of synonyms are done without taking . . .
the researcher also interviewed native speakers of the dialect . the study . . . the word '
' means sameness of meaning , i . e . , a relationship in which more . . . whether absolute
exists in owereâigbo or not . . . . . . ' close this book ' .
exists in owereâigbo , a dialect of the igbo language predominantly spoken by the people of owerri , imo state , nigeria , has become a thorny issue . while some linguistic scholars strive to establish that absolute
and some coserian disciplesâ contributions ( be they direct or indirect concerning this issue . the largest part of this article , however , presents our own contribution to the study of
, whose starting point was coseriuâs integral linguistics , considered as an epistemological frame of reference . we have tried to apply , within the general study of
( lexical , phraseological and lexico - phraseological , distinctions such as : language as activity [ enã©rgeia ] , competence [ dã½namis ] and product [ ã©rgon ] to its three levels ( universal , historical and individual ; norm and system ; historical language and functional language , etc . as far as we are concerned , we were interested in pointing out , for each of coseriuâs levels in turn , the difference between
in potentia ( the virtual or potential one . we also aimed at drawing attention to the importance of competence ( mainly the idiomatic and expressive ones in the analysis of different types of
the norm in current canonical translation dictionaries with afrikaans and english as the treated language pair is an undiscriminated grouping of partially synonymous translation equivalents . these are separated by commas as sole markers of
full text available the norm in current canonical translation dictionaries with afrikaans and english as the treated language pair is an undiscriminated grouping of partially synonymous translation equivalents . these are separated by commas as sole markers of
. lexicographers should reject this practice and embrace the view that absolute synonyms are just as rare as absolute equivalents . in most cases members of a target language synonym paradigm will be partial synonyms demanding some form of contextual guidance in order to distinguish them from other equivalents in the paradigm .
. two particular motivations will be discussed , as well as ways in which equivalent discrimination can be implemented .
the first motivation arises from a group of problematic phenomena that effect contextual divergence between the source and target language . stylistic and register divergence should necessitate contextual guidance . lexicographical labels are the most frequently used discriminators , but in south african dictionaries they are applied too sparingly and inconsistently . other possible discriminators will also be discussed .
is however different equivalents for various usages of a lemma . ways in which equivalent discrimination can be implemented in these cases , will be discussed in detail .
lastly , it will be shown that without a new , more effective method of indicating and ordering target language synonyms , none of the major changes that are pleaded for , will bear fruit .
the type material of six species of anthribidae from chile and one from peru , originally described as stenocerus schoenherr and stenorrhynchus philippi & philippi and later transferred to hylotribus jekel , was reexamined . these species are stenocerus asperatus blanchard , 1851 , stenocerus aspis erichson , 1847 , stenocerus posticalis philippi & philippi , 1864 , stenocerus quadratipennis germain , 1854 , stenorrhynchus quadrinotatus philippi & philippi , 1864 , and stenocerus tuberculosus blanchard , 1851 . lectotype designations were made for hylotribus asperatus , hylotribus quadratipennis , and hylotribus tuberculosus . new synonyms were established as follows : hylotribus signatipes ( blanchard , 1851 ) = h . quadratipennis ( germain , 1854 ) syn . n . , = h . quadrinotatus ( philippi & philippi , 1864 ) syn . n . , hylotribus asperatus ( blanchard , 1851 ) = h . posticalis ( philippi & philippi , 1864 ) syn . n . . while , hylotribus aspis ( erichson , 1847 ) from peru was transferred to piesocorynus dejean , 1834 and a new combination and
proposed , piesocorynus aspis ( erichson , 1847 ) n . comb . = piesocorynus gracilicornis ( jekel , 1855 ) syn . n . the genus hylotribus is defined with five species from chile and six from brazil , and the chilean species are redescribed with illustrations . a new key to all species is included .
full text available the author intends to present a possibility of parametrising legal terminology in order to reveal semantic and systemic relations at the intralingual and interlingual levels . the scope of the research comprises selected legal terminology from the following legal systems : polish , british , american and european union . the research methods used include : ( i the analysis of comparable texts , ( ii the method of parametrisation of the legal linguistic reality , ( iii the concept of adjusting translation to the communicative needs and requirements of the recipient community . the research hypothesis is that parametrisation of legal terminology in respect of semantic and systemic relations may be a useful tool in organising and comparing terminology for the purpose of legal translation . first the relation of
binding terms at the intralingual and interlingual levels in the light of systemic and genre - related relations is discussed . the proposal is illustrated with examples of legal terms and the networks of relations binding them in english and polish . the conclusions are that such an approach is systematic and provides a translator with information necessary to render communicatively efficient translations .
two common and problematic leucochrysine species - leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) varia ( schneider ) and l . ( l . ) pretiosa ( banks ) ( neuroptera , chrysopidae ) : redescriptions and
we dedicate this article to the memory of sergio de freitas , fcav - unesp , jaboticabal , sã£o paulo , brazil ( deceased , 2012 ) . he was an active and enthusiastic neuropterist and the cherished mentor and friend of francisco sosa . leucochrysa mclachlan is the largest genus in the chrysopidae , yet it has received relatively little taxonomic attention . we treat two problematic and common leucochrysa species - leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) varia ( schneider , 1851 ) and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) pretiosa ( banks , 1910 ) . both are highly variable in coloration and were described before the systematic importance of chrysopid genitalia was recognized . recent studies show that these species occur within a large complex of cryptic species and that they have accumulated a number of taxonomic problems . we identify new
for each of the species - for leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) varia : leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) ampla ( walker , 1853 ) , leucochrysa internata ( walker , 1853 ) , and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) walkerina navã¡s , 1913 ; for leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) pretiosa : leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) erminea banks , 1946 . the
of leucochrysa delicata navã¡s , 1925 with leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) pretiosa is stabilized by the designation of a neotype . the following species , which were previously synonymized with leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) varia or leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) pretiosa , are reinstated as valid : leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) phaeocephala navã¡s , 1929 , leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) angrandi ( navã¡s , 1911 ) , and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ) variata ( navã¡s , 1913 ) . to help stabilize leucochrysa taxonomy , lectotypes are designated for allochrysa pretiosa and allochrysa variata . finally , leucochrysa vegana navã¡s , 1917 is considered a nomen dubium .
the eye - catching cicada hamza ciliaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) comb . n . in indonesia and the pacific : taxonomie status ,
the new combination hamza ciliaris ( linnaeus ) is proposed for a cicada species widely distributed in maluku ( = moluccas ) , timor , banda , kei and banggai islands , the philippines , and the palau group of the caroline islands . the
is a subject of research in various subfields of linguistics and related disciplines , each of these focussing on particular aspects of this phenomenon . through the use of coseriu ' s theory , it is possible to refine our understanding of ' expressions with the same or similar meaning ' and to provide a coherent description of the causes and the effects arising from the choice between them in texts that may otherwise remain non - transparent and inexplicable . this paper presents a method for analyzing the actual relationships between such expressions in a corpus , a way of exploring their functions in texts , and some possible benefits for understanding the notion of
full text available weâ review the three species currently placed in the genus xylopertha guã©rin - mã©neville , 1845 , and describe a new species , xylopertha elegans sp . â nov . , from turkey . weâ propose the following new
: xylopertha guã©rin - mã©neville , 1845 ( = paraxylogenes damoiseau , 1968 ; xylopertha reflexicauda ( lesne , 1937 ( = paraxylogenes pistaciae damoiseau , 1968 . weâ give details of the sexual dimorphism , and summarise information on the distribution and biology of all species . a key to the species of xylopertha is provided .
full text available nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 ( its2 rdna and partial sequences of the cytochrome coxidase subunit i ( coi mtdna and white gene ndna were obtained from specimens of anopheles nuneztovari a collected in macapã¡ ( state of amapã¡ , ãbidos , prainha and almeirim ( state of parã¡ , itacoatiara and parintins ( state of amazonas , brazil , and compared with previously published sequences of a . nuneztovari s . l . results of the bayesian phylogenetic analyses performed using either coi or combined its2 , coi and white gene sequences suggest that an . nuneztovari b / c is distinct from specimens obtained in the amazonas / solimãµes river basin . anopheles goeldii , currently in
with an . nuneztovari , was described from individuals collected in belterra ( = fordlã¢ndia in the tapajã³s river , state of parã¡ , southern amazonas river . morphological comparisons of the characteristics of the male genitalia indicated that an . nuneztovari a and an . goeldii are similar but distinct from an . nuneztovarib / c by the apex of the aedeagus . in considering the results of the phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons , an . goeldii is resurrected from
with an . nuneztovari . additionally , anopheles dunhamiis reported for the first time in parintins . this species can be distinguished from an . goeldiiby characters of the male genitalia and molecular data .
two common and problematic leucochrysine species â leucochrysa ( leucochrysa varia ( schneider and l . ( l . pretiosa ( banks ( neuroptera , chrysopidae : redescriptions and
full text available leucochrysa mclachlan is the largest genus in the chrysopidae , yet it has received relatively little taxonomic attention . we treat two problematic and common leucochrysa species â leucochrysa ( leucochrysa varia ( schneider , 1851 and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa pretiosa ( banks , 1910 . both are highly variable in coloration and were described before the systematic importance of chrysopid genitalia was recognized . recent studies show that these species occur within a large complex of cryptic species and that they have accumulated a number of taxonomic problems . we identify new
for each of the species â for l . ( l . varia : leucochrysa ( leucochrysa ampla ( walker , 1853 , leucochrysa internata ( walker , 1853 , and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa walkerina navã¡s , 1913 ; for l . ( l . pretiosa : leucochrysa erminea banks 1946 . the
of leucochrysa delicata navã¡s 1925 with l . ( l . pretiosa is stabilized by the designation of a neotype . the following species , which were previously synonymized with l . ( l . varia or l . ( l . pretiosa , are reinstated as valid : leucochrysa phaeocephala navã¡s 1929 , leucochrysa ( leucochrysa angrandi ( navã¡s , 1911 , and leucochrysa ( leucochrysa variata ( navã¡s , 1913 . finally , leucochrysa vegana navã¡s 1917 is considered a nomen dubium .
relying on her own previous research on runosongs and proverbs demonstrating the mutual dependency of alliteration and parallelism typical to runosong ( sarv 1999 , 2000 , 2003 , the results of syntactic analysis of runosong texts in h . metslangâs dissertation ( 1978 , juhan peegelâs definition of poetical synonyms in runosong ( peegel 2004 , and ewald langâs concept of quasisynonymy ( lang 1987 , the author proposes the definition of the canonical parallelism of runosong as follows : it is a grammatical verse parallelism where all or some of the syntactic elements of the main verse have corresponding parallels in the successive lines representing the same general notion , and interpreted in the context of the parallelism as semantically equivalent , irrespective of their semantic relations in the colloquial language ( equivalence ,
, metonymy , metaphor , analogy , antonymy , hyponymy etc . . because of this semantical equivalence , the parallel words can be selected and combined into the parallel verses according to their formal features enabling the metrical alignment and alliteration . the article also points to the problems with the classification of runosong parallelism to the analogous and synonymous by wolfgang steinitz ( 1934 , widely used in the runosong discourse : although analogy and
probably represent the most remarkable semantic relations between the parallel lines , it is not easy to make clear distinction between synonymous and analogous lines ( or conceptsâeven in the colloquial non - poetic language the synonyms are usually not equivalent in all aspects of meaning ; the regular use of poetical synonyms in runosongs makes it impossible at allâthe geese , ducks , and grouses as different birds are analogous in the colloquial language , but synonymous in the runosong all denoting the group of maidens .
the typification of cordia flavescens aubl . , the transfer of firensia scop . from cordia l . ( cordiaceae ; boraginales ) to the
abstract firensia scop . was based on cordia flavescens aubl . , a species described and illustrated from a mixed collection that scopoli never transferred to firensia . the genus included three additional species formally named by rafinesque . currently the four species are placed in three different families and none retained the epithet accepted by scopoli or given by rafinesque for reason of priority . a lectotype is designated for cordia flavescens that places firensia in the
the typification of cordia flavescens aubl . , the transfer of firensia scop . from cordia l . ( cordiaceae ; boraginales to the
full text available firensia scop . was based on cordia flavescens aubl . , a species described and illustrated from a mixed collection that scopoli never transferred to firensia . the genus included three additional species formally named by rafinesque . currently the four species are placed in three different families and none retained the epithet accepted by scopoli or given by rafinesque for reason of priority . a lectotype is designated for cordia flavescens that places firensia in the
the typification of cordia flavescens aubl . , the transfer of firensia scop . from cordia l . ( cordiaceae , boraginales ) to the
of ocotea aubl . ( lauraceae ) , and the identity of the species of firensia .
firensia scop . was based on cordia flavescens aubl . , a species described and illustrated from a mixed collection that scopoli never transferred to firensia . the genus included three additional species formally named by rafinesque . currently the four species are placed in three different families and none retained the epithet accepted by scopoli or given by rafinesque for reason of priority . a lectotype is designated for cordia flavescens that places firensia in the
tripaphylus musteli ( van beneden , 1851 ) ( copepoda , siphonostomatoida , sphyriidae ) is redescribed from an adult female collected from the branchial chamber of a starry smooth - hound , mustelus asterias cloquet ( carcharhiniformes , triakidae ) , captured in the english channel off portland , uk . the new account of t . musteli is the first based on a complete adult female and highlighted the lack of a robust distinction separating tripaphylus richiardi , in anonymous , 1878 and paeon wilson , 1919 prompting us to relegate paeon to a junior subjective synonym of tripaphylus . in the light of this
the eight former species of paeon are transferred to tripaphylus as follows : t . ferox ( wilson , 1919 ) new combination , t . elongatus ( wilson , 1932 ) new combination , t . vassierei ( delamare deboutteville & nuã±es - ruivo , 1954 ) new combination , t . lobatus ( kirtisinghe , 1964 ) new combination , t . asymboli ( turner , kyne & bennett , 2003 ) new combination , t . versicolor ( wilson , 1919 ) new combination , t . australis ( kabata , 1993 ) new combination , and t . triakis ( castro romero , 2001 ) new combination . comparisons between terminology used in this report and that in the literature indicate that all transformed adult females of tripaphylus probably possess a full complement of cephalic appendages and maxillipeds . all limbs , with the exception of the maxillae share a general morphological similarity to the corresponding appendages of conspecific males . the maxilla of the transformed adult female of tripaphylus is a small digitiform protuberance associated with a swelling in some species .
full text available synonyms entitle the same thing , but they connect this with different names and in this way through the name they uncover different features of the same thing . synonyms consider words which identify one unique concept , word which are the same or similar in their meaning , which are , in the some way , interlocked in the language and serve for enhance of details and making difference in fine nuances of concept meaning . different terms for the same concepts in terminology usually come from diffe - rent sources of terms derivation . especially , there is a lot of terms in terminology which developed spontaneously , thereafter in more unorganized terminologies because in the process of organizing of terminology is intend to push out the synonyms . in the time of constitution of each science , actually constituting of concepts related to it , there is no systematical approach in selecting of their denotation , but they are accepting as they come in to the language .
with scolopendra alternans leach ( chilopoda , scolopendromorpha , scolopendridae ) : an enigmatic species - group needing phylogeographic analysis , with an overview on the origin and distribution of centipedes in the caribbean region .
with scolopendra alternans leach , 1815 , is proposed . a neotype specimen of scolopendra longipes is designated . scolopendra longipes has a restricted range from the dry tortugas up through the florida keys of monroe county into the mainland florida counties of collier and dade southeast to the bahamas , while scolopendra cubensis is endemic to cuba . characters distinguishing s . longipes , and s . cubensis from s . alternans are illustrated and compared using digital photography , micrography and morphometric data . it is suggested that what has been considered scolopendra alternans from southern florida through the caribbean and into northern south america is probably an evolving species - group that has undergone major diversification sometime during the paleocene and early eocene ~ 65 . 5 - 50 million years ago ( ma ) , mainly due to geographic isolation caused by a combination of plate tectonics and 100 , 000 year cycles of glaciation / deglaciation .
with aedes ( ochlerotatus scapularis ( rondani . lectotype and paralectotypes are designated larval , pupal and both sexes of adult stages are redescribed and illustrated . bionomics include a picture of a brreding place . diagnostic characters for distinguishing rhyacophilus from other species of the scapularis group are provided . some data about known distribution are presented . aedes ( ochlerotatus rhyacophilus costa lima ã© retida da sinonãmia con aedes ( ochlerotatus scapularis ( rondani . sã£o designados lectã³tipo e paralectã³tipos . as formas larval , pupal e adulta de ambos os sexos sã£o redescritas e acompanhadas de ilustraã§ãµes representativas desses estã¡dios , alã©m do aspecto de um criadouro natural . apresentam - se caracteres diagnã³sticos que permitem separar rhyacophilus das outras espã©cies do grupo scapularis , e alguns dados sobre a distribuiã§ã£o geogrã¡fica atã© agora conhecida .
for a . heteroclyta el gã©nero argentino de escarabajos estercoleros anomiopsoides ( scarabaeidae : scarabaeinae : eucraniini : descripcciã³n de una especie nueva y nuevas sinonimias para a . heteroclyta
full text available the taxonomy of the genus anomiopsoides blackwelder is revised . the species a . catamarcae martãnez and a . aurita ( burmeister are placed in
with a . heteroclyta ( blanchard . anomiopsoides fedemariai sp . nov . is described from argentina . the genus anomiopsoides now consists of four species : a . biloba ( burmeister , a . cavifrons ( burmeister , a . fedemariai sp . nov . and a . heteroclyta ( blanchard . a key is presented for the identification of the species of anomiopsoides . se hace una revisiã³n de la taxonomãa del gã©nero anomiopsoides blackwelder . las especies a . catamarcae martãnez y a . aurita ( burmeister son consideradas como sinã³nimos de a . heteroclyta ( blanchard . se describe una especie nueva , a . fedemariai sp . nov . , especie nueva de argentina . el gã©nero anomioposoides consiste ahora en cuatro especies , a . biloba ( burmeister , a . cavifrons ( burmeister , a . fedemariai sp . nov . y a . heteroclyta ( blanchard . se presenta una clave para la identificaciã³n de las especies de anomiopsoides .
examination of holotypes of tilloclytus ( coleoptera : cerambycidae : anaglyptini ) in the fernando de zayas collection ( havana , cuba ) and the museum of comparative zoology , harvard university reveals that t . elongatus zayas ( 1975 ) is a new synonym of t . rufipes fisher ( 1942 ) . . . .
the romanian medical terminology has been enriched quite a lot lately . this phenomena was not only due to the significant influence of the english language , but also because of the relationships developed between the already existing terms and the new ones . thus , the present study comprises the analysis on romanian medical terms of englsih origin and their native synonymous correspondents in the romanian medical terminology . the dictionnaries used to select the synonymous pairs of medical ter . . .
sagitta planctonis steinhaus , 1896 and sagitta zetesios fowler , 1905 are compared . the characters in which they differ have no specific value so that the two are considered to belong to one species : sagitta planctonis steinhaus , 1896 .
experiments were performed to verify the fact that an excess of either manganese , zinc , copper , cobalt or nickel will induce iron - deficiency chlorosis in plants . other toxic effects such as stunting and lower leaf necrosis may also occur . these effects were reproduced with flax grown in water - cultures without molybdenum . in these experiments , it has been further shown that it is possible to reduce the severity of iron deficiency symptoms , caused by an excess of any one of the above elements , by increasing the supply of molybdenum to the solution . various concentrations of added molybdenum up to 20 ppm have been used .
two studies examined college students ' ability , when presented with two sequential adjectives , to make relatedness judgments and antonym and synonym judgments . the studies found that judgments were fastest for direct antonyms , even when compared to synonyms of similar relatedness . ( contains 17 references . ) ( mdm )
full text available the romanian medical terminology has been enriched quite a lot lately . this phenomena was not only due to the significant influence of the english language , but also because of the relationships developed between the already existing terms and the new ones . thus , the present study comprises the analysis on romanian medical terms of englsih origin and their native synonymous correspondents in the romanian medical terminology . the dictionnaries used to select the synonymous pairs of medical terms were the medical dictionary ( 2010 and the great dictionary of neologisms ( 2008
abstract considerable confusion exists within capsicum ( solanaceae ) regarding the status and typification of several names , in part due to misidentifications . some types were destroyed in berlin during the second world war , some have not been found by modern systematics , while others exhibit uncertain locality data or contain material from more than one species . fourteen lectotypes , synonyms , and a new name , capsicum eshbaughii barboza nom . nov . , are proposed here . pmid : 22171173
directional dictionaries
. . . . examples from groot woordeboek / major dictionary , . . . examples of such divergence which may require labelling ( or even more . . . . . selection and presentation of ready equivalents in a translation dictionary .
full text available abstract background ideally each life science article should get a âstructured digital abstractâ . this is a structured summary of the paperâs findings that is both human - verified and machine - readable . but articles can contain a large variety of information types and contextual details that all need to be reconciled with appropriate names , terms and identifiers , which poses a challenge to any curator . current approaches mostly use tagging or limited entry - forms for semantic encoding . findings we implemented a âcontrolled languageâ as a more expressive representation method . we studied how usable this format was for wet - lab - biologists that volunteered as curators . we assessed some issues that arise with the usability of ontologies and other controlled vocabularies , for the encoding of structured information by âuntrainedâ curators . we take a user - oriented viewpoint , and make recommendations that may prove useful for creating a better curation environment : one that can engage a large community of volunteer curators . conclusions entering information in a biocuration environment could improve in expressiveness and user - friendliness , if curators would be enabled to use synonymous and polysemous terms literally , whereby each term stays linked to an identifier .
full text available the genus histioneis ( = parahistioneis contains an excessive number of poorly described species , often based on the observation of a single specimen and ignoring the intraspecific variability . in order to investigate the validity of the species and to suggest synonyms , the original illustrations of all known species of histioneis are reproduced and grouped based on the morphological similarity . the scarce records and the uncertainties on the identification at the species level are responsible of the lack of biogeographical information . large and highly ornamented species tended to appear in tropical waters , whereas smaller and less ornamented species showed a wider distribution and they can also found in temperate waters such as the mediterranean sea . rev . biol . trop . 55 ( 2 : 459 - 477 . epub 2007 june , 29 . el gã©nero histioneis ( = parahistioneis tiene una cantidad excesiva de especies , descritas insuficientemente y a menudo a partir de un solo espã©cimen , ignorando la variabilidad intra - especãfica . con el objetivo de investigar la validez de las especies y sugerir sinã³nimos , aquã se presentan las ilustraciones originales de histioneis agrupadas segãºn su parecido morfolã³gico . las escasas observaciones de histioneis y las dudas en la identificaciã³n a nivel de especie son responsables de la falta de informaciã³n sobre su distribuciã³n geogrã¡fica . las especies de mayor tamaã±o y mã¡s ornamentadas son tãpicas de aguas tropicales . las especies mã¡s pequeã±as y menos ornamentadas presentan una distribuciã³n mã¡s amplia y pueden encontrarse tambiã©n en aguas templadas , como el mar mediterrã¡neo .
- , ä . 3267 ( 2012 ) , s . 65 - 68 issn 1175 - 5326 r & d ; projects : ga mk dc08p02ouk004 institutional research plan : cez : av0z50070508 institutional support : rvo : 60077344 keywords : platyonitis oberthueri subject riv : eg - zoology impact factor : 0 . 974 , year : 2012 urltoken
in this study , based on a morphological analysis , the resurrection of the name anolis ustus cope 1864 , is proposed for populations from the yucatã¡n peninsula ( campeche , yucatã¡n , and quintana roo , mexico , and belize ) , formerly referred as anolis sericeus hallowell , 1856 . anolis ustus differs from anolis sericeus by its mean snout - vent length and number of gorgetal scales in males , in tibia length and head width in females , and dorsal and ventral scales for both sexes . in addition , anolis ustus has a small dewlap of similar size between males and females , whereas in anolis sericeus males have a dewlap much larger than that of the females . these characteristics allow anolis ustus to be identified within the anolis sericeus complex . in this study , a description of the characteristics of the hemipenis is also provided , and its importance in the taxonomy of anolis is discussed .
of katianna coeruleocephala handschin , 1920 ( collembola : katiannidae ) with bourletiella viridescens ( bourletiellidae ) .
katianna coeruleocephala was described by handschin in 1920 from poespo , java . it was collected in december , 1896 by dr . zehntner with the collecting details given as rotten
louv
( leaves ? ) from live orchard . handschin ( 1920 ) labelled his figures of the species ( p . 146 ) as katianna coerulescephala but the first spelling of the species name ( p . 145 ) has priority . katianna coeruleocephala has never been recollected . the only mention of the species in the literature since 1920 has been by suhardjono ( 1989 ) in a check list for indonesia and suhardjono ( 2012 ) who listed it as present on java and provided the main characteristics of the genus katianna bã¶rner , 1923 . she stated it was a
new
( translate as endemic ? ) species in java with a preferred habitat in cold and damp litter but no comment was made on the taxonomic status of the indonesian species .
five new species , and one new genus of cerambycidae are described : drycothaea vulcanica sp . nov . ( calliini ) , from ecuador ( holotype male deposited in amnh : napo , 29 . x . 1988 , j . s . miller leg . ) ; perissomerus machadoi sp . nov . ( neoibidionini ) , from paraguay ( holotype male deposited in mzsp : alto paraguay , 30 . xi . 2002 , di iorio leg . ) ; cacostola carinata sp . nov . ( onciderini ) , from brazil ( holotype female deposited in mzsp : rio grande do norte , ix . 2008 , d . r . r . fernandes et al . leg . ) ; ypomacena gen . nov . ( apomecynini ) from brazil to include y . monnei sp . nov . ( holotype male deposited in mnrj : bahia , xi . 1970 , roppa leg . ) , and y . gibbosa sp . nov . ( holotype female deposited in mnrj : rio de janeiro , 31 . x . 1969 , alvarenga & seabra leg . ) . dorcasta prolongata fisher , 1947 is proposed as a new synonym of bebelis lignea ( bates , 1866 ) . bisaltes ( bisaltes ) fuchsi breuning , 1971 is proposed as a new synonym of bisaltes ( bisaltes ) buquetii thomson , 1868 . additionally , sixteen new states records for brazil , and three country records for bolivia are provided .
bathygobius fuscus ( rã¼pp . ) gobius fuscus rã¼ppell , atl . reise n . afr . fische 1828 , p . 137 . gobius punctillatus rã¼ppell , l . c . , p . 138 . gobius soporator cuvier & valenciennes , hist . nat . poissons xii . 1837 , p . 56 . gobius albopunctatus cuvier & valenciennes , l . c . , p . 57 . gobius nebulopunctatus cuvier &
molecular and biometric assessment and redescription of myzodium mimulicola ( drew & sampson ) are provided . new host and distributional data for north america are presented , including the first record from alaska . myzodium knowltoni ( smith & robinson ) is found to be a junior subjective synonym of m . . . .
molecular and biometric assessment and subsequent redescription of myzodium mimulicola ( drew & sampson ) is provided . new host and distributional data for north america are presented , including the first record from alaska . the current study determined that myzodium knowltoni ( smith & robinson ) is a . . .
the author takes in the comprehension of neoplatonism and christianism in dionisio the areopagita in order to demonstrate what this philosopher owes to platonic and christian theology . she considers the work of proclus ( especially his commentary to parmenides and platonic theology ) and its relation with dionisioâs de divinis
eight known species of demidospermus ( dactylogyridae , monogenea ) were collected from siluriform fishes from reservoir of the itaipu hydroelectric power station , paranã¡ , brazil . four of them are recorded for the first time in brazil , enlarging their geographical distribution : demidospermus armostus , demidospermus anus , demidospermus bidiverticulatum and demidospermus valenciennesi . demidospermus labrosi is synonymized with demidospermus cornicinus and demidospermus mandi with demidospermus leptosynophallus and reported from two new hosts . demidospermus paravalenciennesi and demidospermus uncusvalidus were also collected .
full text available in this work , several taxonomic problems affecting the recently erected genus acronymolpus samuelson , 2015 , endemic to new caledonia , are addressed . two of the three new caledonian species described in stethotes baly are transferred to acronymolpus and their priority is recognized over the names proposed in the revision of this genus . moreover , different forms of acronymolpus always found in sympatry , one reddish and larger , and the other black and smaller , were each given species status in that revision , but they are recognized here as the females and males , respectively , of the same species . the taxonomic summary of these discoveries is : ( i a . bertiae ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2007 , comb . n . = a . meteorus samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . , and a . turbo samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . ; and ( ii a . jourdani ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2013 , comb . n . = a . gressitti samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . , and a . joliveti samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . new distribution data and the male genitalia and the spermatheca of the two valid species of acronymolpus are described for the first time with reference to taxonomically important characters . finally , the last new caledonian species described in stethotes is recognized here as a member of the endemic genus taophila heller : t . mandjeliae ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2010 , comb . n .
and exclusion of stethotes baly from the fauna of new caledonia ( coleoptera , chrysomelidae , eumolpinae ) .
in this work , several taxonomic problems affecting the recently erected genus acronymolpus samuelson , 2015 , endemic to new caledonia , are addressed . two of the three new caledonian species described in stethotes baly are transferred to acronymolpus and their priority is recognized over the names proposed in the revision of this genus . moreover , different forms of acronymolpus always found in sympatry , one reddish and larger , and the other black and smaller , were each given species status in that revision , but they are recognized here as the females and males , respectively , of the same species . the taxonomic summary of these discoveries is : ( i ) a . bertiae ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2007 ) , comb . n . = a . meteorus samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . , and a . turbo samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . ; and ( ii ) a . jourdani ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2013 ) , comb . n . = a . gressitti samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . , and a . joliveti samuelson , 2015 , syn . n . new distribution data and the male genitalia and the spermatheca of the two valid species of acronymolpus are described for the first time with reference to taxonomically important characters . finally , the last new caledonian species described in stethotes is recognized here as a member of the endemic genus taophila heller : t . mandjeliae ( jolivet , verma & mille , 2010 ) , comb . n .
taxonomic revision of the neotropical pirate spiders of the genus gelanor thorell , 1869 ( araneae , mimetidae ) with the description of five new species .
we revise the neotropical spider genus gelanor thorell , 1869 ( mimetidae ) . gelanor is distributed from northeast mexico to southern uruguay , from sea level to 1 , 600 m . we describe five new species of gelanor and report eleven new
) , gelanor consequus o . p . - cambridge , 1902 ( = gelanor depressus chickering , 1956 new
) , gelanor innominatus chamberlin , 1916 , gelanor latus ( keyserling , 1881 ) ( = gelanor mixtus o . p . - cambridge , 1899 new
) and gelanor zonatus ( c . l . koch , 1845 ) ( = gelanor distinctus o - p . cambridge , 1899 new
) . in addition , we describe for the first time the males of g . altithorax and g . consequus . species descriptions are provided for all ten species in the genus , together with a compilation of available data , including type specimens , type localities and morphological diagnoses . light and electron microscope images and updated data on known geographical distributions , are also provided . we also discuss the phylogenetic placement of gelanor in mimetidae .
juncus planifolius is reported for the first time from north america . bibliographic notes on this species and its
are given . its distribution , dispersal and relationships within the genus are discussed . . . . . . . juncus planifolius is reported for the first time from north america . bibliographic notes on this species and its
are given . its distribution , dispersal and relationships within the genus are discussed . . . .
is undesirable . in this article an attempt is made to show that functional differences in meaning can distinguish two apparently synonymous verbs in modern italian .
iodophanus carneus and i . testaceus ( ascomycota - pezizales : independent taxonomic identity or
? a study of their morphology and isozymes iodophanus carneus e i . testaceus ( ascomycota - pezizales : â¿identidades taxonã³micas independientes o sinonimia ? estudio morfolã³gico e isoenzimã¡tico
full text available the aim of this study was to delimit two iodophanus species : i . carneus and i . testaceus , based on morphological characteristics and electrophoretic patterns of their intracellular isozymes . twenty monosporic strains were used , including five belonging to i . granulipolaris as a control . fourteen isozyme systems were tested , and the five having the best resolution selected : aspartate aminotransferase , esterases , alkaline phosphatase , glutamate dehydrogenase , and superoxide dismutase . these analyses confirmed the similarity between i . carneus and i . testaceus , since they both produced the same band patterns , which were in turn different from the band pattern of i . granulipolaris . so , as we couldnâ´t find any character wich permit us to classify the isolated studied during this work in defferent species , we believe that i . testaceus shoul be consider as a synonym of i . carneus . el objetivo del presente trabajo fue la delimitaciã³n taxonã³mica de dos especies del gã©nero iodophanus : i . carneus e i . testaceus a partir de caracteres morfolã³gicos y de los patrones electroforã©ticos de isoenzimas intracelulares . para ello se utilizaron veinte cepas monospã³ricas , cinco de las cuales pertenecientes a i . granulipolaris que fueron utilizadas como control . se probaron catorce sistemas isoenzimã¡ticos y se eligieron los cinco con mejor resoluciã³n : aspartato amino transferasa , esterasa , fosfatasa alcalina , glutamato dehidrogenasa y superã³xido dismutasa . el anã¡lisis de los patrones isoenzimã¡ticos corroborã³ la silimitud existente entre i . carneus e i . testaceus , ya que los patrones de bandas obtenidas para estas dos especies fueron iguales y diferentes de i . granulipolaris . entonces , al no encontrar ningãºn caracter que nos permita separar a los aislamientos estudiados en este trabajo en dos especies distintas , proponemos a i . testaceus como un sinã³nimo de i . carneus .
full text available ã apresentado um estudo morfolã³gico detalhado da cabeã§a , do tã³rax e do abdome de trãªs espã©cies prã³ximas de castnãideos neotropicais . o posicionamento taxonã´mico dessas espã©cies ã© ainda bastante controverso . antes do desenvolvimento do presente estudo , duas dessas espã©cies pertenciam ao gãªnero telchin hã¼bner , 1825 e uma ao gãªnero monotãpico castniomera houlbert , 1918 ( espã©cie - tipo : castnia atymnius dalman , 1824 . a hipã³tese de alguns autores de incluir as trãªs espã©cies do complexo t . licus em um ãºnico gãªnero ã© aqui sustentada com base em evidãªncias morfolã³gicas de cabeã§a , tã³rax e abdome . castniomera houlbert torna - se sinã´nimo de telchin hã¼bner compreendendo as seguintes espã©cies : telchin licus ( drury , 1773 , telchin syphax ( fabricius , 1775 e telchin atymnius ( dalman combinaã§ã£o nova . as trãªs espã©cies do complexo t . licus sã£o ilustradas com desenhos e fotografias coloridas . a detailed morphological study of head , thorax , and abdomen is provided for three closely related species of neotropical sun - moths . the taxonomic position of these species is controversial . prior to the present study two of these species belonged to the genus telchin hã¼bner , 1825 , and one to the monotypic genus castniomera houlbert , 1918 ( type species : castnia atymnius dalman , 1824 . the hypothesis of some authors of placing the three species in a single genus is here supported on morphological evidences from head , thorax , and abdomen . castniomera houlbert is treated as synonym of telchin hã¼bner comprising the following species : telchin licus ( drury , 1773 , telchin syphax ( fabricius , 1775 , and telchin atymnius ( dalman new combination . the three species of the t . licus complex are illustrated with line drawings and color photographs .
, and antonymy as cognitive - linguistic factors in children from 3 to 6 years of age ) .
tests and confirms hypothesis that a four - stage process exists in the understanding and use of synonyms , antonyms , and tautologies in children ages three to six . the results of this study challenge widely held theories on cognitive development . ( 45 references ) ( let )