teenoso ( 7 april 1980 – october 4 , 1999 ) was an american-bred british-trained thoroughbred racehorse .

after showing moderate form as a two-year-old he improved in the spring of 1983 to win the group three lingfield derby trial and then won the classic epsom derby , giving lester piggott a record ninth win in the race .

teenoso was beaten in his two remaining races that year but showed his best form as a four-year-old , winning the ormonde stakes , the grand prix de saint-cloud and , on his final appearance , the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes .

he proved to be a disappointment at stud .

teenoso

“the way he continually produced his champions like teenoso , pentire and marling was exemplary .
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teenoso was sent into training with harry wragg at his abington place stables in newmarket , suffolk .
in autumn 1999 , teenoso developed thrombosis and was euthanized on october 4 at pitts farm stud .
wragg saddled jockey lester piggott ' s ninth winner of the epsom classic , teenoso , in 1983 .
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geoff wragg , perhaps best remembered for training teenoso to win the derby , passed away at the age of 87 on friday , in newmarket .
“teenoso might not have been my classiest derby winner , but he was certainly my easiest , ” wrote piggott in his beautifully published book lester’s derbys .
wragg trained almost 700 winners before his retirement in 2008 . he landed the king george vi & queen elizabeth stakes with teenoso in 1984 and pentire in 1996 .
teenoso , the favorite ridden by the british jockey lester piggott , scored an impressive three - length victory on a rain - drenched course in the epsom derby today .
he’s had a fair few go in the derby , lee , since winning it with teenoso ( i remember this one being excoriated by just about every pundit imaginable . i’d just started punting and every word i read was naturally gospel . yet now , i look at teenoso and he wasn’t a bad horse at all ! ) .
lester piggott on teenoso wins the derby in 1983 . the horse was trained by geoff wragg , who has died at the age of 87 . photograph : tony duffy / getty images
teenoso – owned by hong kong - based shipping and insurance broker eric moller – was backed into 9 - 2 favouritism for the 23 - runner race because of piggott’s status as the ‘housewives’ favourite’ .
newmarket - based wragg won the 1983 derby with teenoso in his first season after taking over the licence at abington place from his father harry , whom he had assisted for the previous 28 years .
as a two - year - old , teenoso’s record was modest . unplaced on his debut , and also in doncaster’s ribero stakes , he then finished fourth on his final outing of an unpromising 1982 campaign .
of those to have remained in training high - rise , quest for fame and slip anchor failed to enhance their reputation but 1983 epsom scorer teenoso boosted his record by returning to land the king george the following year .
the victory , aboard the under - rated teenoso in 1983 , came 30 years after the iconic sir gordon richards had finally won his first derby at the 28th attempt on pinza , denying the queen’s aureole in coronation week .
piggott , who won his first derby on never say in 1954 a year after the emotion of the richards victory , quietly ruled out several well - fancied mounts before teenoso impressed him sufficiently during one of those early morning gallops .
“once we straightened up , i knew there was no point in hanging around . teenoso would stay all day and would gallop all the way to the line , so i just let him go and set sail for home . ”
in the official international classification for 1983 , tolomeo was given a rating of 87 , making him the fifth - best three - year - old colt in europe behind shareef dancer , caerleon , l ' emigrant and teenoso . he was rated on 87 again in the following season , making him the fourth best older male behind teenoso , sagace and morcon . the independent timeform organisation gave him a rating of 127 in both years . [ 2 ] [ 4 ]
the 2006 vodafone derby hero , sir percy , is also entered and he could bid to follow in the footsteps of royal palace ( 1968 ) and teenoso ( 1984 ) who both won at ascot the year after their derby success .
teenoso revelled in softer ground and failed to replicate his epsom form again at three , but the following season proved an outstanding colt , winning the grand prix de saint - cloud and a vintage renewal of the king george vi & queen elizabeth diamond stakes .
in between there were several group 1 successes , including in the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes with teenoso and pentire – who both ran in the famous mollers racing colours – as well as big - race victories around the world in a career that spanned 26 years .
sadler ' s wells was given a rating of 90 by the international classification , making him the sixth best horse of the year in europe behind el gran senor ( 98 ) , teenoso ( 95 ) , sagace ( 93 ) , chief singer ( 92 ) and darshaan ( 91 ) .
teenoso property company unlimited company was set up on tuesday the 29th of january 2013 . their current address is co . kildare , and the company status is normal . the company ' s current directors barry comer , luke comer and brian comer have been the director of 108 other irish companies between them .
teenoso ( usa ) dkb / br . h , 1980 { 3 - c } dp = 4 - 5 - 9 - 8 - 0 ( 26 ) di = 1 . 08 cd = 0 . 19 - 13 starts , 6 wins , 1 places , 3 shows career earnings : $ 647 , 148
“at this point , teenoso was going so easily that i was able to take a look over my right shoulder to see if anything was likely to come from off the pace – always a difficult proposition in such heavy going – and was reassured by what i saw . they were pretty well all flat to the boards .
teenoso was a dark - coated bay horse with a small white star and a white sock on his left hind leg , bred in kentucky by ralph
budgie
moller and his brother , eric , who owned the colt during his racing career . he was described as a bay when racing , but when standing at stud he was described as being
dark bay or brown
. teenoso was the best horse sired by youth , the winner of the prix du jockey club washington d . c . international in 1976 . his dam , furioso , who finished second in the 1974 epsom oaks , also produced the racemare topsy , who finished second in the 1000 guineas and won both the sun chariot stakes and the prix d ' astarte in 1979 . furioso and teenoso were two of many successful racehorses descended from the mollers ' broodmare horama . others included lacquer ( irish 1000 guineas , cambridgeshire handicap ) , favoletta ( irish 1000 guineas ) , sovereign ( coronation stakes ) and violetta ( cambridgeshire ) .
wragg enjoyed classic success in his very first season as a trainer when teenoso won the derby under lester piggott in 1983 . however , the closest wragg would come to replicating teenoso ' s win would be some 23 years later when the unconsidered 66 / 1 chance dragon dancer came within a short head of causing one of the biggest upsets in the race ' s history in a four - way go to the line , narrowly losing out to sir percy . rather ironically , wragg had trained the temperamental dam of the winner and both he and his father also trained several of the extended family , the most notable member being teenoso . his 2001 contender , asian heights , well fancied after his last - to - first win in the predominate stakes at goodwood , was cruelly robbed of his chance of running in the classic after splitting a pastern with just over a week to go before the big race . he recovered to win at group 3 / listed level , but injuries continued to blight him and his career somewhat fizzled out .
wragg won britain ' s most important classic with lester piggott - ridden teenoso in 1983 , shortly after taking over in charge of the newmarket stable previously run by his illustrous father harry , who himself had trained derby winner psidium ( 1961 ) as well as riding the winner three times on felstead ( 1928 ) , blenheim ( 1930 ) and watling street ( 1942 ) .
1983 . breakfast television started on bbc1 , margaret thatcher won a second general election and seatbelts for drivers became compulsory . in the smaller world of racing , lester piggott landed his ninth and final derby on teenoso , a two - year - old colt called sadler’s wells made a winning debut at leopardstown , and touching wood stood his first season at dalham hall stud for 7 , 000 guineas .
teenoso began his stud career at the highclere stud but struggled to attract high - quality mares and was not considered a success as a stallion . the best of his progeny was probably young buster , who won seven races including the group three september stakes . other successful flat racers included carlton ( hansa - preis ) and starlet ( team trophy der volksbanken und raiffeisenbanken ) . teenoso was later moved to the shade oak stud in shropshire and then to the pitts farm stud at sherborne in dorset . towards the end of his stud career he was standing at a fee of £1 , 000 and was mainly being used as a national hunt stallion . the best of his steeplechase performers were young spartacus ( mildmay of flete handicap chase , racing post chase ) and horus ( vodafone gold cup ) .
but it was with a colt , in that very first season in the job , that wragg quickly established himself . during as wet a spring as many could remember , he oversaw enormous improvement from the maiden teenoso , who had shown very little as a juvenile , to land first the lingfield derby trial and then the epsom derby , under lester piggott . hot touch was another smart early performer .
during his first season after taking over the licence from his father , harry , wragg provided lester piggott with his ninth derby success when saddling teenoso to win the 1983 renewal of the epsom showpiece . twenty - three years later wragg memorably came close to causing one of the biggest upsets in derby history when his 66 - 1 shot dragon dancer was beaten a short head into second place by sir percy .
red glow was a pig ~ he ended up running ( and getting stuffed in ) selling hurdles in australia of all places . i second all the other stuff especially about teenoso who showed he was a proper derby winner by beating sadler’s wells in the following year’s king george . everyone thought he was a decent plodder who got lucky in a heavy ground derby but he showed them , with a little help from lester .
as for teenoso , the derby form did not look rock solid initially – he was beaten in the irish derby on unsuitably fast ground before finishing third in the great voltigeur stakes at york . as a four - year - old , however , he won the valuable grand prix de saint - cloud in france before beating champions of all ages in an epic running of the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes . it was his last race .
teenoso , who went off at odds of 9 - 2 in a field of 21 3 - year - olds , finished in 2 : 49 7 / 10 . the time was the slowest for the derby since 1891 , reflecting the soggy conditions . carlingford castle , a 14 - 1 shot , was second , and shearwalk and salmon leap , both owned by the breeder robert sangster , finished third and fourth , respectively , in a close finish .
piggott was unperturbed when he heard afterwards that carlingford castle and shearwalk , back in third under walter swinburn , had both encountered difficulty negotiating tattenham corner – he pointed to the emphatic nature of the three - length winning margin . of his nine derby victories , only st paddy ( 1960 ) , empery ( 1976 ) and teenoso had won with so much in hand . not even icons like nijinsky , sir ivor and the minstrel had prevailed with such ease .
wragg ' s father , harry , was an extremely successful jockey and trainer , and the pair would be renowned for being the first to trial electronic timing equipment on the gallops as well as weighing their horses . his riding career was littered with success , winning all five domestic classics - almost repeating the feat as a trainer with only the oaks eluding him ( trained the runner - up in 1974 , ironically with the future dam of teenoso , furioso ) . harry retired in 1982 , leaving geoff to train teenoso to classic glory at epsom the following june . harry ' s brothers were jockeys arthur jr and sam . geoff had two siblings : brother peter was a successful bloodstock until his death in february 2004 , and sister susan was married to top jockey manny mercer until his untimely and tragic death in september 1959 . geoff ' s retirement in 2008 brought to an end a long and hugely successful association with the wragg name in horse racing .
geoff wragg ( 9 january 1930 – 15 september 2017 ) was a thoroughbred horse trainer who trained champion horses such as teenoso and pentire . he was the son of former jockey and trainer harry wragg , from whom he took over the licence at abington place , newmarket in 1983 upon his father ' s retirement . wragg retired in 2008 after 25 years of training and sold abington place to sheikh mohammed bin khalifa al maktoum the following spring . he relocated to yorkshire , the birthplace of his late father , harry wragg . he died in 2017 .
was not , of course , trained in ballydoyle , nor was he owned by the coolmore team . initially under the care of guy harwood , he was one of england’s best three - year - old colts of 1983 , when he finished among the also - rans in teenoso’s derby after having taken the feilden stakes at newmarket . he did even better from john gosden’s barn in california , landing several graded stakes including three grade ones . arguably his best win came when he set a new track record ( of 2 : 24 . 8 ) in the hollywood turf cup , but his defeat of the previous year’s kentucky derby winner ferdinand in the 1987 san luis rey stakes was equally good . he then proved a success at stud , coming up with several good horses at segenhoe stud in new south wales including the frank cleary - trained clan o’sullivan , who was only caught by burst in the shadows of the post in the golden slipper in 1992 .
as a four - year - old , tolomeo continued to produce good performances but was less consistent and timeform commented that he appeared to have become
something of a character
. on his first appearance of the year he finished fourth when carrying top weight in the prince of wales ' s stakes ( then a group two race ) and then finished seventh behind sadler ' s wells in the eclipse stakes . in july he was moved up in distance to one and a half miles for the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes at ascot . ridden by his regular work - rider rae guest , tolomeo produced one of his best efforts as he finished third behind teenoso and sadler ' s wells . in august he finished second in the benson and hedges gold cup at york , beaten two and a half lengths by cormorant wood . his form declined in the autumn and he finished unplaced in the phoenix champion stakes and the champion stakes . [ 4 ]
after finishing fourth in the craven stakes on his debut as a three - year - old , tolomeo contested the classic 2000 guineas over newmarket ' s rowley mile course on 30 april . ridden by the italian jockey gianfranco dettori he started at odds of 18 / 1 against fifteen opponents . he was restrained in last place for most of the way before making rapid progress in the last quarter mile to finish second to the irish - trained lomond . dettori was criticised for giving the colt too much ground to make up , but cumani defended his jockey , insisting that he was riding according to instructions . tolomeo next ran in the derby over one and a half miles on soft ground , finishing ninth of the twenty - one runners , more than twenty lengths behind the winner teenoso . following the derby , tolomeo returned to shorter distances and produced three good performances without winning . he finished second by a head to horage in the st james ' s palace stakes , third in a blanket finish for the eclipse stakes and second to the five - year - old noalcoholic in the sussex stakes . [ 2 ]
the one mile st . james ' s palace stakes at royal ascot was named as the colt ' s next target , but instead he was moved up in distance for the prix du jockey club , a race which o ' brien had won the previous year with caerleon . sadler ' s wells took the lead in the straight but was overtaken in the closing stages and beaten one and a half lengths by darshaan , with rainbow quest in third . in july , sadler ' s wells was the only three - year - old in a field of nine runners for the eclipse stakes at sandown park . the irish colt took the lead in the straight and held off the challenge of the mare time charter to win by a neck . the race was a rough and unsatisfactory one , but the winner was praised for his
battling
and
determined
performance against more experienced rivals . later that month , sadler ' s wells ran second to teenoso in a strong field for the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes at ascot , finishing ahead of tolomeo , time charter , sun princess and darshaan .
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there were at least two familiar elements in the result of the mile - and - a - half event , one of europe ' s most important thoroughbred races .
piggott added to his derby record by winning for the ninth time , and this was the 17th time in the last 21 years that the favorite or the second choice had triumphed .
slewpy , the american colt flown here especially for the derby , began well but soon tired and finished 18th . the veteran american jockey bill shoemaker finished 16th aboard lomond , the winner of the two thousand guineas .
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the mtdna haplotype reported by bower et al . 2012 in samples from family 3c was not the haplotype expected for family 3 .
and he nearly caused a derby shock 23 years later when his 66 - 1 shot dragon dancer was second to winner sir percy .
wragg , who also trained the 1996 king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes winner pentire , was described as
the father figure of newmarket trainers
by the town ' s former mayor john berry .
berry , himself a trainer , told at the races :
geoff dying really is the end of an era .
former jockey michael hills , who partnered pentire to all but one of his eight career victories , said :
he was a fantastic trainer and a great man who was always an absolute pleasure to ride for .
wragg also enjoyed classic success in ireland , with marling landing the 1992 irish 1 , 000 guineas at the curragh under walter swinburn .
how to get into horse racing , whether you want to work with horses at the stables or become a fully fledged jockey .
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winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
1st derby s . gr . 1 ( gb ) , grand prix de saint - cloud gr . 1 ( fr ) , king george vi & queen elizabeth diamond s . gr . 1 ( gb ) , ormonde s . gr . 3 ( gb ) , lingfield derby trial gr . 3 ( gb ) ,
3rd irish derby gr . 1 ( ire ) , great voltigeur s . gr . 2 ( gb ) , john porter s . gr . 3 ( gb ) .
euthanized oct 4 , 1999 at pitts farm stud in dorset , england . rip . ( close )
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this photograph is emblematic of epsom on derby day – crowds cascading down from tattenham corner as the incomparable lester piggott passes the winning post to win racing’s blue riband race for a record ninth time .
the geoff wragg - trained horse only came to wider prominence when winning the april maiden stakes at newmarket under steve cauthen , the top american jockey who had made such a successful transition to british racing . the same partnership then franked the form in the lingfield derby trial on a course comparable to the undulations of epsom downs .
with piggott’s then trainer sir henry cecil having no derby runner in 1983 , the build - up to the race was dominated by the annual speculation over the identity of the legendary jockey’s epsom mount – and whether the race would go ahead after an unseasonably wet may prompted fears about the track being unraceable because of waterlogging .
he would use these gallops , always shrouded in secrecy to the chagrin of the racing press , to test the stamina of his possible derby contenders to the limit ahead of the mile - and - a - half epsom race , and often to the annoyance of trainers like vincent o’brien , who wanted their thoroughbreds ridden with restraint .
with the 1983 general election days away , comedian eric morecambe captured the country’s mood when proclaiming : “in a recent opinion poll , lester piggott came out top as the person most people would like to see at no 10 . it’s what is known as a gallop poll . ”
the jockey takes up the story . “knowing that stamina was his forte , i had him out of the starting stalls quickly , and got him to settle in about third place , ” he said . “going down to tattenham corner , we were still travelling easily in third , one horse off the rails , behind the outsiders .
the winning time – two minutes , 49 . 07 seconds – was testament to the heavy going and the slowest since common prevailed in 1891 . back in second was carlingford castle . he had been a first derby ride for a young mick kinane , who would go on to win the race on three occasions , most famously with sea the stars in 2009 .
the maestro’s 36th and final derby ride came in 1994 when khamaseen was fifth behind erhaab . however , piggott’s record of nine wins and four seconds will never be equalled .
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he won the 1994 ascot gold cup with arcadian heights and guided the brilliant filly marling to successe in the 1991 cheveley park stakes before landing the irish 1 , 000 guineas , coronation and sussex stakes the following year .
newmarket trainer and former mayor of the town , john berry , hailed wragg as the ' father figure of newmarket trainers ' .
' geoff dying really is the end of an era , ' berry told at the races .
' harry trained two derby winners and was at the top of the training tree . geoff took over from him in 1983 and it was a seamless transition .
' for the next 30 years , virtually , he was as successful as his father had been . he always had a top horse and you could pretty much set your clock by him having something for royal ascot every year .
' he ' s been in very poor health and it was going to happen at some point , but it ' s a very sad day and it leaves a big hole in the community . '
michael hills , who partnered pentire to all but one of his eight career victories , said : ' i worked for geoff for six years and we had the most amazing time .
' there was pentire winning all those races , arcadian heights winning the gold cup , nicolotte winning the queen anne , first island winning the prince of wales ' s and rebecca sharp in the coronation stakes . i must have ridden about 10 group one winners during that time .
' he was a fantastic trainer and a great man who was always an absolute pleasure to ride for . '
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climbed in much better style by emma than me ! great climb . worth visiting the buttress for just this and bewsey crack .
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horses and chalk have geographical and nutritional connections . chalk is a soft , white , porous sedimentary carbonate rock , a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite which is calcium carbonate . a downland is an area of open chalk hills . this term is especially used to describe the chalk countryside in southern england . areas of downland are often referred to as downs , deriving from a celtic word for “hills” .
the downs close to epsom have always been one of the green lungs of the greater london area . 1618 , there even became something of a spa with the discovery of epsom salts . the popularity of epsom spring water lasted for a couple of decades . but even with a regular stream of weekend ramblers from the city , the downs basically remained a quiet place out in the middle of nowhere . then , the sole reason to became an attraction there was horse racing .
organised racing was held on a regular basis and was so popular that it found its way into documentations . 1648 - 05 - 18 , a meeting of the royalists was held on banstead downs under the pretence of a horse race , and six hundred horse s were collected and marched to reigate . 1663 - 05 - 27 , “this day there was great thronging to banstead downs , upon a great horse - race and foot - race . i am sorry i could not go thither . ” was written on samuel pepys’ diary . 1663 - 07 - 25 , “having intended this day to go to banstead downs to see a famous race , i sent will to get himself ready to go with me ( … ) and so by boat to white hall , where i hear that the race is put off , because the lords do sit in parliament to - day . ” was also written on samuel pepys’ diary . within the proximity of 5 miles , those were the most classical venues of thoroughbred horse racing up to the modern time .
derby ( uk / ˈdɑːbɪ / dah - bee or us / ˈdɜːrbɪ / dur - bee ) 1779 - 05 - 14 friday , the derby originated at a celebration following the first running of the oaks stakes for three - year - old fillies . the oak , named after lord derby ’s country house in woodmansterne , was run over a mile and a half ( 8st 4lb ) , at 50 guineas each . there were 12 runners and appropriately , it was won by lord derby ’s bridget , the 5 - 2 favourite . a new race for the three - year - old was planned , and it was decided that it should be named after either the host of the party , the 12th earl of derby , or one of his guests , sir charles bunbury . according to legend the decision was made by the toss of a coin , but it is probable that bunbury , the steward of the jockey club , deferred to his host . 1780 - 05 - 04 thursday , the inaugural running of the derby was won by diomed , a colt owned by sir charles bunbury , who collected prize money of £1 , 065 15s . traditionally , the term “derby” is used strictly to refer to races restricted to three - year - olds . the most notable exceptions to this rule are the hong kong derby and singapore derby , restricted to four - year - old thoroughbred s .
right after the legendary events – the first few “ epsom derby ” though only on a distance of a mile – met with instant success . 1784 , the course was extended to its current distance of a mile and a half , and tattenham corner was introduced . 1820s , crowds of up to 80 , 000 were reported by the newspapers . 1850s , attendance at the derby was around 500 , 000 , including the royal family and members of parliament . it is therefore hardly surprising that right from the beginning , derby races have been seen as an important historical record . epsom derby has been named as the blue riband and regarded as one of the british classics . they are the five long - standing group 1 horse races , st . leger ( 1776 ) , oaks ( 1779 ) , derby ( 1780 ) , 2 , 000 guineas ( 1809 ) , and 1 , 000 guineas ( 1814 ) .
the charisma of british epsom derby was quickly spread all over the world . macao , peking , shanghai , tientsin , hankow , amoy racecourses held their derby sooner or later with characteristics of china races . 1873 - 02 - 21 _ 3 , hong kong inaugurated a derby . for all china ponies , bond fide griffins at date of entry . 10st . 7lbs . 1 - 1 / 2 miles . nothing specially or properly mentioned but just as running one of the very ordinary races . then , the runnings of hong kong derby remained a routine until the wwii . until the end of the 20th century , hk derby varied upon the date , distance , entry , gender and weight . finally it settled down to be a race for 4 year olds only .
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thoroughbred s are noted for their tremendous speed and athleticism while racing long distance s . the word “ thoroughbred ” is often used to refer to any selectively bred horse , but the term actually refers to the english breed developed in the 18th and 19 centuries .
all modern thoroughbred s can trace their pedigrees to three stallions originally imported from the middle east into england in the 17th century and 18th century . three foundation sires were byerley turk ( 1680 ) , darley arabian ( 1700 ) , and godolphin arabian ( 1729 ) . darley arabian 11 % and godolphin arabian 24 % were once being estimated in pedigree analysis for all thoroughbred s . besides those three of that period , there were other stallions imported from the east , traceable in the dame line . in terms of appearance , the thoroughbred resembles its arabian ancestors . their distinguishing traits are refined head ; long neck ; sloping shoulders ; deep body ; fine long legs ; strong muscular hindquarters .
the quadrupeds at the beginning of hong kong ’s racing formed a mixed mob , ranging from big english thoroughbred s down to australian waler s , arabs and small ponies from several sources . except for an occasional unpremeditated contribution , when a mare has arrived here in foal , hong kong has never bred its own horse s . it has bought where it could ; and over many years the local patron of the turf has backed his fancy among blue - blooded english thoroughbred s , horse s from overseas . in the past , their dominance was not so prominent as peking writer , mr collins , devoted a chapter to the china pony . to quote : “if the mongol pony is a midget he is an amazingly sturdy midget . he runs distance s on the flat which average out to about the same as the english classics . . . but has to carry gentleman - jockey weights ranging from 145 lbs , to 160 lbs . , as against the 126 lbs . carried by full - sized english thoroughbred s in the derby . ”
thoroughbred s from england and south africa were categorized in entries of races , though described as ‘ horse s’ differentiating with ‘ ponies ‘ , from the eras of racing marked by the army and civil officers , the dent s and jardines and later by the local and expatriate wealthy businessmen , thoroughbred s played a more and more important roles in china and not just in hong kong . books and notes by writer henry ching , austin coates , governor henry may and even overseas newspapers in singapore and australia reported as such . several famous thoroughbred s being raced in happy valley were tartar , goldfinder , kathleen , sir williams , etc .
australian thoroughbred dominated the early races in hong kong . 1788 , the first horse s , of mainly spanish blood , reached australia with the first fleet . 1799 , rockingham , the first english thoroughbred stallion , was shipped from south africa by a young naval officer named henry waterhouse . 1820 , the influence was mainly from england , and each fresh arrival played his or her part in the steady improvement of the australian stock . 1840s the australian horse had made its mark at the races as far afield as calcutta , madras , colombo , singapore and batavia . for nearly a hundred years in happy valley racecourse , australian waler s , was gradually and eventually superseded by australian thoroughbred s . australian thoroughbred s dominated the hongkong races after wwii , was little short of phenomenal .
japanese thoroughbred , as steward and official col . dowbiggin added : “ thoroughbred ponies had been bred in japan for some years for racing there . the japanese brought in a rule that no pony could race there after winning ten races . it was discovered that some of these ponies were being shipped across to manchuria and after a short time there sold at ridiculously high prices to owner s in hong kong as ‘griffins’ . it was proved to the stewards that in one year over $ 300 , 000 had been paid out by hong kong for such animals , which in many cases broke down very soon here . ”
since 1971 - 1972 , only thoroughbred s have been allowed to race , and these are of a high standard . youngsters imported have included the progeny of such internationally renowned sires . no matter a horse ’s potential on breeding , however , nor what it may have achieved on other racecourses in the past , what counts in hongkong is its performance in hongkong . on that score two horse s have stood out since professional racing started . piccadilly lane ( irish ) gelding super win , which won 18 races between 1974 - 1977 . town crier ( english ) grey gelding silver lining ( raced in australia as vintage moon ) which , racing between 1978 - 1982 , became the first horse to win over a million hongkong dollars .
according to mr greenstreet kan《records after racing professionalization 1971 - 1997》 : 1970s , many trophy winners were horse s imported before “ thoroughbred era” .
most horse breeds tend to live between 25 and 30 years . not surprisingly , the thoroughbred has a life expectancy in line with other horse s .
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44 liquormart , inc . v . rhode island - background . . . in 1985 , a liquormart brought a suit against the liquor control commissioner , arguing , among other things , that the first regulation , which prevented the liquormart from advertising its prices , was unconstitutional . . . the rhode island supreme court , however , held that the regulation did not violate the first amendment , the commerce clause , the equal protection clause , or the sherman anti - trust act . . .
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they were more than hostile . in the first place , i was a south georgian and i was looked upon as a fiscal conservative , and the atlanta newspapers quite erroneously , because they didnt know anything about me or my
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this article is about the racehorse . for the shipping term , see chartering ( shipping ) .
who won several major middle - distance races between 1982 and 1984 . after winning twice as a two - year - old in 1981 , she developed into a top - class racemare in the following year , finishing second in the
and was retired from racing at the end of the year having won nine of her twenty races . she later became a very successful broodmare .
bred in ireland and owned throughout her career by the barnett family . her sire saritamer was an american - bred , irish - trained sprinter who won the
) , centroline ( jockey club cup ) and tale quale ( jockey club cup ) .
she was ridden in most of her races by william
billy
newnes .
two furlongs from the finish . she stayed on strongly in the closing stages to finish second , two and a half lengths behind on the house and three lengths clear of dione in third .
on 5 june time charter was one of thirteen fillies to contest the 204th running of the oaks stakes ( known for sponsorship reasons as the gold seal oaks ) . despite her performance in the 1000 guineas , she was not among the favourites and started at odds of 12 / 1 , probably because , as the daughter of a sprinter , she was thought unlikely to be effective over one and a half miles . billy newnes ( who was still an apprentice jockey at the time ) restrained time charter at the back of the field before moving up on the outside in the straight . she took the lead inside the final furlong and won by a length from slightly dangerous , with last feather third ,
fifth . her winning time of 2 : 34 . 21 was a record for the race and was faster than that recorded by
in late july . as a group one winner she carried a seven pound weight penalty and finished second , beaten two lengths by dancing rocks .
but was sidelined by a respiratory infection , described as
a dirty nose
. she eventually returned for the sun chariot stakes , a group two race over ten furlongs at newmarket in october , in which she was again asked to concede weight to her rivals .
winner buzzard ' s bay . newnes settled time charter towards the rear of the field before moving forward along the rails three and a half furlongs from the finish . the filly was initially unable to obtain a clear run and newnes had to force her through a gap between montekin and the tiring kalaglow , appearing to bump the latter . once in the clear , time charter quickly took the lead and accelerated away from the field to win impressively by seven lengths , the biggest margin in the history of the race . it had been intended to retire the filly at the end of the season and have her covered by


the dysderoidea are a clade or superfamily of araneomorph spiders .

the monophyly of the group , initially consisting of the four families dysderidae , oonopidae , orsolobidae and segestriidae , has consistently been recovered in phylogenetic studies .

in 2014 , a new family , trogloraptoridae , was created for a recently discovered species trogloraptor marchingtoni .

it was suggested that trogloraptoridae may be the most basal member of the dysderoidea clade .

however , a later study found that trogloraptoridae was placed outside the dysderoidea and concluded that it was not part of this clade .

dysderoidea

on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892
a new genus of the spider family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) from brazil . american museum novitates ; no . 3112
on melchisedec , a new genus of the spider family oonopidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . ( american museum novitates , no . 3702 )
details - on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 - biodiversity heritage library
fannes , w . ( 2010 ) on melchisedec , a new genus of the spider family oonopidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates , 3702 , 1–28 . urltoken
ty - book ti - on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 ur - urltoken py - 1987 au - griswold , charles e . au - platnick , norman i . er -
the superfamily dysderoidea , a species - rich clade of haplogyne araneomorph spiders encompassing members that are all expected to exhibit holokinetic chromosome structure , is cytogenetically explored for this thesis . holokinetic chromosomes lack primary constriction and centromere . in contrast to standard chromosomes , kinetochore covers most of chromosome surface of the holokinetic chromosomes . holokinetic chromosomes arose multiple times from standard chromosomes during evolution of animals , plants , and protists . due to specific structure , they are extremely tolerant towards chromosomal fusions and fissions . this has major implication on karyotype evolution of dysderoidea and diverse diploid numbers are seen in the superfamily . species . . .
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detailed review of the present knowledge of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of spiders .
conceptualization of characters based on data from 154 species of 56 families representing all main spider clades .
detailed discussion on the evolutionary implications especially with regard to post - copulatory sexual selection .
we dedicate this work to prof . dr . dr . h . c . gerd alberti for his numerous influential contributions to the comparative spermatology of arachnids . morphologia necesse est !
copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .
biodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to… urltoken
biodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p… urltoken
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a new genus , melchisedec , is established for two new afrotropical species , m . thevenot ( type species ) and m . birni . these spiders are unique among oonopids in having a crest on the ventral pedicel sclerite , and in having very short , scepterlike setae on the distal metatarsi i and ii . the male of m . thevenot has a long , inward - curved embolus - conductor complex and a sternal pouch . the embolus - conductor complex resembles that of the australian genus grymeus harvey , but differs in important details . the genital system of the female is highly complex , and includes two uterine sclerites , two winglike lateral apodemes and a receptaculum with a globular appendix . the receptaculum is much larger than in most other oonopidae and has an unusual , strongly folded surface .
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american museum novitates novitates ( latin for
new acquaintances
) , published continuously and numbered consecutively since 1921 , are short papers that contain descriptions of new forms and reports in zoology , paleontology , and geology . new numbers are published at irregular intervals .
department of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 © american museum of natural history , 2011
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parent taxon : haplogynae according to j . a . dunlop et al . 2013
kento furui added the japanese common name
エンマグモ属
to
segestria
.
kento furui added the japanese common name
ミヤグモ属
to
ariadna
.
maggie whitson selected
segestria senoculata
to show in overview on
segestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
maggie whitson marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
segestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
maggie whitson added the english common name
snake - back spider
to
segestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
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arthropod systematics & philogeny
- vol . 72 , no . 2 , p . 177 - 192 ( 214 )
de busschere , charlotte ; fannes , wouter ; henrard , arnaud ; gaublomme , eva ; jocqué , rudy ; et . al . unravelling the goblin spiders puzzle : rdna phylogeny of the family oonopidae ( araneae ) . in : arthropod systematics & philogeny , vol . 72 , no . 2 , p . 177 - 192 ( 214 )
two new species of the goblin spider genus antoonops are described , bringing the total number of species to six . antoonops kamieli sp . nov . is described from two males and one female collected in bouaké , ivory coast . the species can be easily distinguished from congeners by its large eyes . in addition , the males are characterized by a distinct depression on the ventral abdomen . antoonops sarae sp . nov . is described from four females collected in tchabal mbabo , cameroon . the species is unusual in having a long postepigastric scutum and a genital duct with finger - like protrusions . a key to the species of antoonops is provided .
fannes , w . ( 2013 ) the goblin spider genus zyngoonops ( araneae , oonopidae ) , with notes on related taxa . bulletin of the american museum of natural history , 379 , 1–117 . urltoken
fannes , w . & jocqué , r . ( 2008 ) ultrastructure of antoonops , a new , ant - mimicking genus of afrotropical oonopidae ( araneae ) with complex internal genitalia . american museum novitates , 3614 , 1–30 . urltoken
frick , h . , nentwig , w . & kropf , c . ( 2010 ) progress in erigonine spider phylogeny–the savignia - group is not monophyletic ( araneae : linyphiidae ) . organisms , diversity & evolution , 10 , 297–310 . urltoken
platnick , n . i . , dupérré , n . , ubick , d . & fannes , w . ( 2012 ) got males ? : the enigmatic goblin spider genus triaeris ( araneae , oonopidae ) . american museum novitates , 3756 , 1–36 . urltoken
shorthouse , d . p . ( 2010 ) simplemappr , an online tool to produce publication - quality point maps . available from : urltoken ( accessed 19 mar . 2013 )


deanolis iriocapna is a species of moth in the crambidae family .

it is found on java .

the forewings are pale yellow , with a yellowish costa , a dark spot in both outer edges of the cell , and a reddish undulating margin along the termen .

the hindwings are of the same pale yellow ground colour , and the anterior half of the termen exhibits a similar margin as found in the fore wings .

deanolis iriocapna

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 32cfcc6d - 0a8e - 4bd1 - 8a9a - b3aab549471e
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overview of barcoded specimensdata from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) . - dryad
overview of barcoded specimensdata from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .
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mally r , korycinska a , agassiz djl , hall j , hodgetts j , nuss m ( 2015 ) discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) . zookeys 472 : 117 - 162 . urltoken
mally r , korycinska a , agassiz djl , hall j , hodgetts j , nuss m ( 2015 ) data from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .
data from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .
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david agassiz | ph . d . | natural history museum , london , london | department of life sciences | researchgate
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a new genus , osmanthedon kallies gen . nov . , in the tribe synanthedonini and a new species , osmanthedon domaticola agassiz & kallies spec . nov . , are described . this is the first record of a sesiid species associated with ant galls ( domatia ) found on whistling thorn acacia , vachellia drepanolobium ( harms ex sjöstedt ) p . j . h . hurter ( fabaceae ) , in east africa .
in the hind wings of yponomeuta and related genera there are transparent patches without scales ; within these are arrays of ridges and it is suggested these may be used to produce sounds , with the adjacent membrane acting as a resonator . avenues for further research are explored , together with potential taxonomic implications .
water ferns azolla spp . ( azollaceae ) as new host plants for the small china - mark moth , cataclysta lemnata ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera , crambidae , acentropinae )
two specimens of euzophera costivittella ragonot , 1887 , were found in the british and irish collection in the natural history museum , london . their possible origin is discussed .
lopez vaamonde et al . 2010 lepidoptera biorisk complete with appendices in roques and lees 2010
new diagnosis of the genus aphanostola is provided , and its position within gelechiidae is briefly discussed . 19 species are described from south africa , namibia , botswana , zimbabwe , tanzania , kenya and ethiopia : a . acaciae bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . morogorensis bidzilya , sp . n . , a . calderae bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . kenyella bidzilya & agassiz , sp . n . , a . kruegeri bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . alternella bidzilya & agassiz , sp . n . , a . antennata bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . rooiklipella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . griseella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . centripunctella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . joannoui bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . namibiensis bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . brandbergensis bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . aarviki bidzilya , sp . n . , a . africanella bidzilya , agassiz , & mey , sp . n . , a . emarginata bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . melliferae bidzilya , agassiz & mey , sp . n . , a . maxima bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . longicornuta bidzilya , agassiz & mey , sp . n . a key to the species is given based on external characters and the genitalia of both sexes . adults and genitalia of all species are illustrated .
description of nemophora acaciae sp . nov . ( lepidoptera : adelidae ) from kenya
nemophora acaciae sp . nov . is described from kenya on the basis of a large series bred from flowers of acacia seyal and a . lahai . the new species differs from all afrotropical nemophora species by its dark brown forewing fascia with white medial stripe near the costal margin of forewing . the key to the afrotropical nemophora species is provided .
overview of specimens intercepted in great britain by the food and environment research agency ( fera ) .
species of tortricidae whose larvae feed on acacia are listed , including five new species : hystrichophora bussei agassiz , endotera cyaneana agassiz , paraeccopsis variegana agassiz & aarvik , coniostola flavitinctana agassiz & aarvik , and c . rufitinctana agassiz & aarvik . six additional species related to the aforementioned , whose life histories are not known , also are described : paraeccopsis tanzanica aarvik , p . addis aarvik , p . turi aarvik , p . botswanae aarvik , p . pseudoinsellata aarvik , and coniostola laikipiana agassiz & aarvik . endotera nodi agassiz is synonymised with endotera cyphospila ( meyrick ) , comb . n . ; and coniostola omistus diakonoff is synonymised with coniostola stereoma ( meyrick ) . paraeccopsis inflicta ( meyrick ) and paraeccopsis atricapsis ( meyrick ) are removed from the synonymy of paraeccopsis insellata ( meyrick ) . eucosma pharangodes meyrick is transferred to eucosmocydia diakonoff . age onychistica diakonoff is recorded from africa for the first time .
the species of nymphicula occurring in australia and south pacific islands are described and illustrated . 22 new species are described : n . adelphalis , n . christinae , n . conjunctalis , n . edwardsi , n . hampsoni , n . ochrepunctalis , n . torresalis , n . beni , n . irianalis , n . michaeli , n . monticola , n . nokensis , n . plumbilinealis , n . submarginalis , n . susannae , n . tariensis , n . xanthocostalis , n . fionae , n . insulalis , n . lactealis , n . lifuensis , n . cheesmanae . a replacement name is proposed for cataclysta dialitha tams : nymphicula samoensis .
revision of african neaspasia diakonoff , 1989 and the related conaspasia , n . gen . ( lepidoptera , tortricidae )
the six species of neaspasia diakonoff present in mainland africa are described and illustrated . niphadophylax albonigra razowski & wojtusiak and n . sophrona razowski & wojtusiak are transferred to conaspasia , new genus . four new species are described : neaspasia coronana aarvik , new species , n . karischi aarvik , new species , n . malamigambo aarvik , new species , and conaspasia congolana aarvik , new species . argyroploce orthacta meyrick , argyroploce brevisecta meyrick , and penthina brevibasana walsingham are transferred to neaspasia . neaspasia rhodesiae razowski & brown is a junior synonym of neaspasia orthacta ( meyrick ) , new combination . genetancylis homalota razowski and rhopobota cornuta razowski , both described from oman , are transferred to neaspasia . genetancylis razowski is synonymised with neaspasia .
the species of acentropinae recorded from africa are listed and described with illustrations of the adults and genitalia . ten new synonymies are established . the following species are described new to science : parapoynx zambiensis , argyrophorodes angolensis , a . suttoni , elophila acornutus , e . ealensis , e . minima , nymphicula hexaxantha , eoophyla belladotae , e . cameroonensis , e . carcassoni , e . citrialis , e . dentisigna , e . euprepialis , e . grandifuscalis , e . interopalis , e . kingstoni , e . munroei , e . piscatorum , e . platyxantha , e . principensis , e . ruwenzoriensis , e . stepheni , e . tanzanica . e . nyasalis kenyalis is described as a new subspecies .
the contents of swollen - thorn domatia of three acacia species are given . lepidoptera bred from swollen thorns of acacia are listed ; two new genera , endotera gen . nov . and kenyatta gen . nov . , and six new species : phthoropoea chalcomochla sp . nov . , endotera nodi sp . nov . , hystrichophora vittana sp . nov . , hystrichophora griseana sp . nov . , hystrichophora bopprei sp . nov . and kenyatta iodes sp . nov . , are described .
cnephasia pumicana ( zeller , 1847 ) ( lep . : tortricidae ) stat . rev . newly recognised as british
cnephasia pumicana ( zeller , 1847 ) stat . rev . is distinguished from c . pasiuana ( hübner , 1796 - 99 ) , differences in the male and female genitalia are described and illustrated and the occurrence of c . pumicana in britain is discussed .
a new species of anthophila haworth , 1811 ( choreutidae ) is described from east africa which shows remarkable similarity to the palaearctic anthophila fabriciana ( linnaeus , 1767 ) . the life history is described and comparisons are drawn between the species .
the discovery by leraut ( 2003 ) of the existence of a species closely related to acleris emargana ( fabricius , 1775 ) is confirmed . it is shown that this was already known to lepidopterists in the first half of the 19th century , but like many acleris names later regarded as only a form , the name acleris effractana ( hübner , 1799 ) is the oldest name for the species . a neotype for a . effractana is designated . a . effractana is shown to have a holarctic distribution , with occurrence only in the northern part of europe . a . emargana blackmorei obraztsov , 1963 ( syn . n . ) and acleris stettinensis leraut , 2003 ( syn . n . ) are synonyms of a . effractana ( hübner ) . a . effractana is compared with a . emargana ( fabricius , 1775 ) . details of the variation in adults , biology and distribution of these two species are presented , and adults and genitalia are illustrated .
the eucosma hohenwartiana group of species is reviewed to take account of constant struc - tural differences in the ovipositor of the females . two taxa whose status has been in doubt are removed from synonymy with e . hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schiffermüller ) , 1775 ) and restored to full species rank : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . and e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . their respective host plants are given . lectotypes of e . fulvana and e . parvulana are designated . zusammenfassung . die arten der eucosma hohenwartiana gruppe werden revidiert und zwei taxa von unsicherem status werden auf grund konstanter unterschiede in der struktur des ovipositors der weibchen von e . hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schiffermüller ) , 1775 ) getrennt und zu vollen arten erhoben : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . und e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . ihre nahrungspflanzen werden angegeben und lectotypen werden für e . fulvana und e . parvulana festgelegt . résumé . ayant trouvé des différences constantes dans la structure de l ' ovipositeur des femelles , les auteurs analyse le groupe d ' espèces d ' eucosma hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schiffermüller ) , 1775 ) . deux taxons , dont le statut était douteux , sont de nouveau reconnus comme valides : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . et e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . on men - tionne leurs plantes - hôtes respectives et on désigne lectotypes pour e . fulvana et e . parvulana .
the small acontiine moth araeopteron ecphaea ( hampson , 1914 ) is recorded new to the west palaearctic from greece , turkey , spain ( including mallorca ) , and is further reported from additional countries in the afrotropical region . the species is redescribed and the genitalia of both sexes are figured for the first time . the worldwide distribution of the known species of the genus araeopteron hampson , 1893 is given .
insect migration : tracking resources through space and time . edited by v . a . drake & a . g . gatehouse


gavialiceps taiwanensis is an eel in the family muraenesocidae ( pike congers ) .

it was described by johnson t. f. chen and herman ting-chen weng in 1967 , originally under the genus chlopsis .

it is a marine , deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the northwestern pacific ocean , including taiwan ( from which its species epithet is derived ) and okinawa , japan .

it dwells at a depth range of 600 to 750 metres ( 1,970 to 2,460 ft ) .

males can reach a maximum total length of 75.7 centimetres ( 29.8 in ) .

gavialiceps taiwanensis

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gavialiceps arabicus gavialiceps arabicus is found in the western indian ocean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
kento furui added the japanese common name
ワタクズハモ属
to
gavialiceps
.
karmovskaya , e . s . 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . journal of ichthyology , 34 ( 3 ) , 73 - 89 .
karmovskaya , e . s . , 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . j . ichthyol . 34 ( 3 ) : 73 - 89 . ( ref . 44791 )
臺灣魚類誌 ( 沈等 , 1993 ) ；chen , j . t . f . and h . t . c . weng ( 1967 ) a review of the apodal fishes of taiwan . biological bulletin tunghai university ichthyology series number 6 no . 32 : 1 - 86；karmovskaya , e . s . 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . journal of ichthyology , 34 ( 3 ) , 73 - 89 . chen , j . t . f . etc . 1967 沈世傑 編 shih - chieh shen ed . 1993
hindi , ghariyal = gavial , saurian of ganges , 1825 + greek , kephale = head ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; bathydemersal ; depth range 600 - 750 m ( ref . 44791 ) . deep - water
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 75 . 7 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 44791 )
color is bright brown , the upper part of the head and back are darker than the belly . the peritoneum , gill and mouth cavities are dark , visible through the skin . the stomach is long , extends slightly behind the anus ; 2 . 5 times the length of the head ( ref . 44791 ) .
) : 5 . 7 - 7 . 8 , mean 7 . 1 ( based on 6 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5313 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00132 ( 0 . 00056 - 0 . 00309 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 72 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 8 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 50 of 100 ) .
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chen , j . t . f . and h . t . c . weng ( 1967 ) a review of the apodal fishes of taiwan . biological bulletin tunghai university ichthyology series number 6 no . 32 : 1 - 86
bd . 34 - 38 , hl . 11 - 13 in tl . eye 15 - 17 , snout 2 . 1 , gape 1 . 7 in hl . tail about 0 . 45 in length of head and trunk . body very elongate , tail tapering . mouth corner extending to behind eyes . lips without folds . jaws projected , lower jaw shorter than upper where intermaxillary teeth exposed . snout pointed , depressed , a notch behind intermaxillary teeth . anterior nostrils slits , in middle of snout . posterior nostrilsslits , wider than anterior one , in front of eyes . tongue fixed . teeth small , pointed . jaws teeth in 3 rows , middle row little longer than other 2 rows , teeth of anterior part of lower jaw rather long . vomer with a row of 9 rather larger canines , 2 - 3 small ones between each two . premaxillary teeth a bunch of small canines . gill openings small . ventral . pectoral fin absent . dorsal and anal fin elevated , confluent with caudal fin . lateral lines present . color is bright brown , the upper part of the head and back are darker than the belly . the peritoneum , gill and mouth cavities are dark , visible through the skin . the stomach is long , extends slightly behind the anus ; 2 . 5 times the length of the head .
) : 5 . 7 - 7 . 8 , mean 7 . 1 ( based on 6 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00132 ( 0 . 00056 - 0 . 00309 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 72 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .
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special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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format summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3
finds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .
finds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .
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there are around 15 species in this family of eels . they are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans . they have larges eyes and strong teeth . they can range in size from two to eight feet in length .
status and range is taken from icun redlist . you can click on the iucn status icon to go to the iucn page about a species .
threatened in us endangered in us introduced status taken from us fish and wildlife . click on u . s . status icon to go to the u . s . fish and wildlife species profile .
the daggertooth pike - conger is native to the indian and west pacific oceans . it has also made its way to the mediterranean sea by way of the suez canal . it is found in marine , brackish and freshwater environments . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the common pike - conger is native to the indian and west pacific oceans .
guinean pike - conger - cynoponticus ferox the guinean pike - conger is found from gibraltar to angola . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
red pike - conger - cynoponticus coniceps the red pike - conger is found from mexico to ecuador . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no guayana pike - conger - cynoponticus savanna the guayana pike - conger is foound from the caribbean though central america to brazil . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the shorttail pike - conger is foound from taiwan and japan to western australia and new south wales .
the yellow pike - conger is found from sri lanka and the bay of bengal to indonesia .
the indian pike - conger is found in the indian and west pacific oceans .