the red-footed booby ( sula sula ) is a large seabird of the booby family , sulidae .

as suggested by the name , adults always have red feet , but the colour of the plumage varies .

they are powerful and agile fliers , but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings .

they are found widely in the tropics , and breed colonially in coastal regions , especially islands .

red - footed booby

of booby are the blue - footed booby , the red - footed booby , the brown booby , the peruvian booby , the masked booby and the nazca booby .
figure 1 . distribution of the red - footed booby in the hawaiian archipelago .
diet : red - footed booby feeds on squid and fish , especially flying fish .
red - footed booby - hawaiian islands - u . s . fish and wildlife service
when the re - footed booby is young . although the re - footed booby is known to be an agile flyer , the red - footed booby can be clumsy when taking off and landing . the red - footed booby can dive through the sky to the surface of the water to catch
the oldest recorded red - footed booby was at least 22 years , 11 months old .
a red - footed booby from the galapagos . note its brown tail . photograph : henry nicholls
rauzon , m . , d . drigot . 1999 . red - footed booby use of artificial nesting platforms .
and is identifiable by its bright blue feet . the female blue - footed booby is generally slightly larger than the male blue - footed booby and the female blue - footed booby also has more brightly coloured feet than the male blue - footed booby , as the male ' s feet are paler . the young blue - footed booby also has pale coloured feet which ( in females particularly ) becomes brighter as the booby gets older .
red - footed booby . adult in flight . muriwai , january 2017 . image © paul kettel by paul kettel urltoken
verner , j . 1961 . nesting activities of the red - footed booby . wilson bulletin 77 : 229 - 234 .
suggested citation : lee , d . s . , w . a . mackin . 2009 . red - footed booby .
schreiber , e . , r . schreiber , g . schenk . 1996 . red - footed booby ( sula sula ) .
habitat : red - footed booby is pelagic away breeding colonies . it nests on coral atolls or volcanic islands in tropical seas .
schreiber , e . a . , r . w . schreiber and g . a . schenk 1996 . red - footed booby (
like all boobies , the red - footed booby never carries its prey in its beak . instead , it always swallows it before flying .
clapp , r . b . 1987 . the status of the red - footed booby on little cayman island . atoll research bulletin 304 .
enature . com , 2002 .
red - footed booby
( on - line ) . accessed 03 / 08 / 04 at urltoken .
le corre , m . ( 1997 ) diving depths of two tropical pelecaniformes : the red - tailed tropicbird and the red - footed booby . the condor , 99 : 1004 - 1007 .
verner , j . ( 1965 ) flight behaviour of the red - footed booby . the wilson bulletin , 77 ( 3 ) : 229 - 234 .
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the red - footed booby has a tropical distribution , encompassing the caribbean , the south - west atlantic ocean and the pacific and indian oceans ( 2 ) .
flight : red - footed booby flies with grace and speed . it has an agile flight action to feed , with plunge - diving to catch its prey .
of booby in the world and can grow to nearly a metre in height . the masked booby primarily feeds on flying
of booby and is believed to be most closely related to the masked booby . the nazca booby has a white body and a beak that is yellow or orange in colour .
of booby that purposefully spend the winter at sea ( like the brown booby ) . typically , the booby will have the same mating partner for a few years and the booby has been known to lay its eggs all year round , although this is quite dependent on the area which the booby inhabits . the booby lays between 1 and 3 eggs ( usually 2 ) , and the booby chicks hatch after an
range : red - footed booby breeds in hawaii , caribbean sea , atlantic , pacific and indian oceans , and seas north australia . it winters throughout tropical oceans .
red - footed boobies appear in a variety of color morphs but , of course , all have feet of the distinctive red color which gives them their name .
the red - footed booby is not currently the target of any specific conservation action ; however , it may benefit from measures designed to protect other species within its range . the world’s largest red - footed booby colony , for example , is found on the galapagos islands , a designated world heritage site and subject to intensive research and monitoring ( 10 ) .
even then , this is a distance of well over 4 , 000 miles , around 40 times further than a red - footed booby would normally fly on a foraging trip . “the red - footed booby often sits on vessels at sea , especially if they are exhausted , ” notes le corre . “it may have been the case with this one . ”
miskelly , c . m . 2016 [ updated 2017 ] . red - footed booby . in miskelly , c . m . ( ed . ) new zealand birds online . urltoken
diamond , a . w . 1980 . the red - footed booby colony on little cayman : size , structure , and significance . atoll research bulletin 241 : 165 - 170 .
the red - footed booby ( sula sula ) and the masked , or blue - faced , booby ( s . dactylatra ) are wide - ranging in the atlantic , pacific , and indian oceans . the blue - footed booby ( s . nebouxii ) occurs in the pacific from southern california to northern peru and on the galápagos islands . boobies’ bills are long , …
red - footed boobies live as sexually reproductive adults for approximately 23 years but can live for more than 40 years .
similar species : juvenile australasian gannet and masked booby are both predominantly brown , but are much larger than [ brown morph ] red - footed booby and have dorsal plumage speckled with white . juvenile brown boobies are darker brown on the back , head and upper breast , sharply demarcated from the paler brown underparts . adult australasian gannet and masked booby are much larger than [ white morph ] red - footed booby , always have some ( or all ) tail feathers black , and do not have a black patch near the carpal joint on the underwing . none of the other gannet or booby species have pale blue bills or red feet . red - footed boobies hold their wings more forward , and flexed at the carpal joint ( other boobies hold their wings straighter ) .
schreiber , e . a . 2000 . status of red - footed , brown and masked boobies in the west indies .
although the red - footed booby can fly for long distances with great ease , take - off is extremely difficult , and the bird relies heavily on the wind to attain flight . without a breeze , the red - footed booby struggles to take to the air , half - running , half - flying to gather momentum . in the water , the red - footed booby will thrust both feet backwards simultaneously and jump forward into the wind in order to lift off from the surface ( 7 ) . the red - footed booby forages mainly during the day , diving briefly beneath the waves to seize flying fish and squid ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 8 ) . it is often seen feeding in association with other predators , such as tuna and dolphins , which herd and chase shoals of fish towards the surface ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 9 ) . the red - footed booby will often glide long distances just above the crest of the waves , searching for patches of suitable prey ( 7 ) .
. the brown booby has a black head and back and a white belly , short wings and a long tail . the brown booby breeds in a large
the plumage of red - footed booby must serve two purposes , camouflage and temperature maintenance . this plumage is moulted continuously so as not to hinder the bird flight capability at any time , and it is suspended during breeding .
red - footed boobies are one of the most abundant and widespread members of the sulid family . however , many breeding colonies are subject to human disturbance , and rats may take chicks and unguarded eggs . as they nest in trees , red - footed boobies are very vulnerable to habitat destruction .
. the booby is the most commonly found sea - bird on the galapagos islands .
the smallest of the boobies , the red - footed booby is an uncommon visitor to the mainland united states . it is seen only rarely off the california coast and at sea off southern florida , and it breeds in the hawaiian islands .
description : red - footed booby is the smallest of the boobies , but it is a large waterbird . plumage is confusingly variable , but colour morphs do not segregate reproductively and geographically . individuals representing several morphs breed in a single colony .
behaviour : red - footed booby is a high - diving seabird , noted for their sudden , headlong plunges after prey . it plunges dives from various heights into schools of fish at moderate depths , 4 to 10 metres . it may catch flying fish in the air , and grab prey at surface . red - footed booby never carries its prey in its bill . it always swallows it before flying . it can use its wings to swim deeper underwater ( 15 to 20 metres ) to reach prey .
for eco - tourists to spot . the nazca booby has a more rounded head than the other
red - footed boobies are colonial , with some colonies holding thousands of pairs . a single egg is laid ( cf . 2 in masked booby and brown booby ) . breeding can occur throughout the year , at intervals of 11 - 15 months after the last successful laying ( with failed breeders relaying sooner ) . they can live to at least 23 years .
the red - footed booby bird , now nicknamed norman , is normally a resident of sunnier climes across the caribbean but was rescued after he was found bedraggled on a pebble beach at st leonards - on - sea by passer - by gail cohen on september 4 .
two other morphs exist : white - tailed brown and white morph with black tail . red - footed booby has a long , pointed , pale blue - grey bill , with a pink bare skin at base of bill . it has long pointed wings and tail .
protection / threats / status : red - footed booby is not globally threatened , because it’s so widely dispersed . the biggest threats to these birds are deforestation and fishing industry . in addition , people collect the birds and their eggs and sell them across the world .
red - footed boobies are more pelagic than other sulids ( gannets and boobies ) , and are the species most likely to be seen far from land . they nest and roost in trees ( most other boobies are ground - nesters ) , and often roost on moving vessels . red - footed boobies may follow boats for hundreds of kilometres .
now the rspca has joined forces with british airways and iag cargo to make sure the young bird , the first recorded red - footed booby in the uk , makes his way back to a flock of fellow boobies almost 5 , 000 miles away in the cayman islands .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the red - footed booby is the smallest member of the gannet and booby family . found throughout tropical seas , it exhibits a range of plumages from mostly white to entirely mid - brown ( all morphs have black trailing edge to the wing ) . at close range its bright red feet are diagnostic . there have been two new zealand records : 2 - 3 birds seen at the kermadec islands in 2016 , and one at muriwai gannet colony in 2017 .
the red - footed booby is a highly gregarious species , forming large breeding colonies generally between late january and september ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . the male red - footed booby attracts a female through an advertising display known as ‘skypointing’ , where the male throws its head back until its bill is pointing directly upwards ( 5 ) . the nest is built on top of a shrub or among the branches of a small tree , from twigs and sticks that are collected by the male ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . the female red - footed booby lays a single egg , which is incubated by both sexes for a period of around 45 days . after hatching , the young chick fledges and leaves the nest when it is around three months old ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
weimerskirch , h . , le corre , m . , jaquemet , s . and marsac , f . ( 2005 ) foraging strategy of a tropical seabird , the red - footed booby , in a dynamic marine environment . marine ecology press series , 288 : 251 - 261 .
the smallest of all booby species , the red - footed booby has distinctive red legs and feet ( 3 ) , and a streamlined , torpedo - shaped body , well adapted for plunge - diving in search of prey . unusually among members of the sulidae family , the red - footed booby exists in several colour variations , or morphs , although all birds of this species have a pale blue bill ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . both sexes are similar in appearance , although the female is usually much larger than the male , while the male has a longer tail ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . juveniles of this species are usually brown or blackish - grey , becoming whiter or mottled grey - brown , while the legs are usually yellowish - grey , turning more red - brown with age ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
white , a . w . , b . hallett , and m . bainton . 1995 . red - footed boobies nest at white cay , san salvador . el pitirre 8 : 13 .
weimerskirch , h . , le corre , m . , ropert - coudert , y . , kato , a . and marsac , f . ( 2006 ) sex - specific foraging behaviour in a seabird with reversed sexual dimorphism : the red - footed booby . oecologia , 146 : 681 - 691 .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto red - footed booby is usually silent at sea , but we can hear some guttural and loud screeching squawks at colony . male and female’s calls are different . male produces mild , plaintive whistles , while female produces trumpeting honks or quacks . juveniles sound like females .
tunnell , j . w . and b . r . chapman . 1988 . first record of red - footed boobies nesting in the gulf of mexico . american birds 43 : 380 - 381 .
the red - footed booby is a largely pelagic species , only coming to land to breed , finding islets with abundant vegetation on which to roost ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . this species is often found nesting in close association with the great frigatebird ( fregata minor ) ( 5 ) .
red - footed booby populations are scattered throughout the world , with larger concentrations in pacific coastal areas and islands . the north american waterbird conservation plan estimates a continental population of 300 , 000 breeding birds , rates the species a 15 out of 20 on the continental concern score , and lists it as a species of high concern . red - footed booby is not on the 2014 state of the birds watch list . human poaching and interference has resulted in large declines in populations over the last 200 years . still commonly taken as food in some areas , and populations appear to be continuing to decline . back to top
reproduction : red - footed booby’s nest is a large open platform of twigs , lined with grass and leaves , located in a small tree or shrub . it nests in colonies . it makes its nest in the top of trees on islands and coasts in tropical regions . they can do it also in low scrub .
red - footed boobies are the smallest of all boobies . their legs and feet are red and the bill is pale blue . juveniles are wholly brown or blackish gray with black bill and facial skin and gray legs . immature have patchy underwings without definite pattern , white back , mottled gray - brown head , and red or brownish legs . they are polymorphic ; few seabirds display such a variety of color phases .
schreiber , elizabeth a . , r . w . schreiber and g . a . schenk . 1996 . red - footed booby ( sula sula ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
red - footed boobies are 70 to 71 cm long , on average and have a wingspan of 91 to 101 cm . they weigh from 900 to 1003 g . females tend to be slightly larger than males .
in the galapagos , red - footed boobies are almost exclusively full - on brown . “i don’t think this bird is coming from galapagos , ” says matthieu le corre , an ecologist at the university of reunion island who has studied red - footed boobies in the indian ocean . “your bird has a white tail so it is not a bird from the pacific . ” it’s more likely that the rogue red - foot has come from somewhere like the antilles in the western atlantic , he suggests , “which is a shorter journey to sussex” .
red - footed booby performs courtship displays : they show off their wings and feet , and display postures . movement is displayed by the “bill - up - face - away” posture . the “facing - away” and “bill - tucking” postures inhibit aggressions . males take some postures with their tails , bills , and wings facing upward and call for mates .
two favorite foods of red - footed boobies are flying fish , which they are often able to catch in midflight , and squid ( that they catch during night hunting ) . however , they will eat whatever fish are available .
this pantropical booby is the smallest of the six booby species found worldwide . named for its distinctive bright red feet ( adults only ) , it has long wings , a wedge - shaped tail , and a conical bill with a slightly decurved tip . in its breeding range , it overlaps considerably masked ( sula dactylatra ) and brown ( s . leucogaster ) boobies . all three species may be found nesting and feeding together , along with frigatebirds ( fregata ) . flying fish and squid , caught by red - footed boobies in spectacular plunge dives , form a major part of the diet of all these seabirds .
the biggest threats to red - footed boobies are a fishing industry that thins their food source , and coastal development . the shoreline trees and shrubs these birds frequent are disappearing as human habitat consumes more of the world ' s coastlines .
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the booby article in your website content , school work and other projects .
it’s not every day that a red - footed booby lands on the shores of britain . yet on sunday 4 september , a bedraggled specimen came to rest on the beach at st leonards - on - sea near hastings on the south coast of the uk . according to a story on the daily mail website , the wayward bird was “6 , 000 miles from home” .
the red - footed booby comes in a confusing array of color morphs , ranging from individuals that are all white except for blackish on the wing , to individuals that are entirely dark brown . some birds fail to fit neatly into any of the typical color morph categories , and many variations exist . color morphs do not segregate reproductively or geographically ; individuals representing several morphs breed in a single colony .
while they are not threatened on a global level , in some areas human pressure on their habitats is threatening specific populations . in addition , people collect sulids and their eggs and sell them across the world . this has gotten out of control and the exploitation has become a concern . red - footed boobies are protected in some areas now . conservation parks have been set up so that people can visit and enjoy these birds without harming them . red - footed boobies are protected under the us migratory bird treaty act .
red - footed boobies play an important role in their ecosystem ; they have an impact on the fish that they prey on . they do not interact with many other organisms , as they live in such isolated marine areas , often staying far out to sea .
red - footed boobies make their nests in the tops of trees on islands and coasts in tropical regions . they may also nest in low scrub . they inhabit islands and coastal regions in the tropics , because they prey on fish in pelagic regions of the ocean .
red - footed boobies feed by diving vertically into the water and rarely within sight of land . they may dive up to 30 meters to pursue prey - flying fish and squid . they feed singly or in mixed species flocks , anytime during the day and after dark .
red - footed boobies nest colonially with hundreds of mating pairs together in one location . pairs mate and lay one egg at a time , raising that egg to maturity . incubation lasts between 41 and 45 days and the young fledge in one month . both the male and female red - footed booby care for the altricial young . if food is scarce the parents may abandon the young in order to ensure their own survival , but if food is abundant they may care for the juvenile for a long time , teaching it how to hunt . because this bird has such a long lifespan , it can afford to raise one juvenile at a time , and still produce many young during its lifetime .
the smallest of the boobies , the red - foot feeds at sea , nests on the ground , and perches in coastal trees .
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these are the smallest of more than half a dozen booby species . red - footed boobies are strong flyers and can travel up to 93 miles in search of food . they often hunt in large groups , and are nimble enough to snare flying fish from the air . boobies are well adapted for diving and feature long bills , lean and aerodynamic bodies , closeable nostrils , and long wings which they wrap around their bodies before entering the water . red - footed boobies use these attributes to plunge - dive and capture fish that they spot from above with their sharp eyes . at night , they may dive for schooling squid that are visible because of their phosphorescence . once in the water , the birds use their webbed feet to aid swimming .
he is the first booby bird we have ever seen here at the rspca and the uk . it is amazing to think we’ve had a hand in his care . ”
of the three species in the region , this booby has the most restricted marine and breeding distribution in our region with both adults and immatures remaining in the proximity of nesting sites throughout the year . the red - footed booby is the least likely to occur as a vagrant and does not seem to often be displaced by hurricanes . primarily in area of occurrence are its breeding islands adjacent to the caribbean sea , but also off brazil at south trinidade and ferando de noronha . generally rare to absent from gulf of mexico , rare vagrant to atlantic coast of southeastern united states . absent from bermuda and known from only one small colony in the bahamas .
the red - footed booby sula sula is found on tropical islands in most oceans , with the exception of the eastern atlantic , so it could have come from virtually anywhere . except that this species is notable for coming in three main flavours or morphs . the most common is the white morph . there is a white - tailed brown variety . there is also a full - on brown version . the st leonards - on - sea specimen is clearly white - tailed brown .
geographical variation : there are three subspecies of the red - footed booby , two of which are believed to have reached new zealand . the white - tailed subspecies s . s . rubripes occurs throughout the tropical indian ocean and pacific ocean east to pitcairn island , and is the form most likely to occur in new zealand . however , a dark - tailed bird believed to be s . s . websteri from the galapagos islands and eastern tropical pacific was recorded at muriwai in 2017 .
66–77 cm ; 900–1003 g ; wingspan 134–150 cm . smallest booby , with relatively long tail and large eye ; highly polymorphic , with variety of morphs ( and . . .
a colonial tree - nester , the red - footed booby may nest in colonies of up to several thousand pairs . it builds its nests of twigs , grasses , and other green vegetation , generally laying only one egg . in this species there are several color morphs of adult plumage which are not related to subspecific classification ; different color morphs coexist and even interbreed in some areas . morphs range in color from an all chocolate brown bird to an all white one with black primaries and secondaries .
following his epic journey home , norman is now due to spend 30 - days in quarantine before he is released to join other booby birds and start his new life at the reserve .
it has been proposed that the name
booby
comes from the spanish word
bobo
meaning stupid or dunce and refers to the bird ' s characteristic lack of fear of man .
these well known seabirds do not migrate , but live year - round in tropical and subtropical regions of the atlantic , pacific , and indian oceans . familiar to boaters , they often follow ( and sometimes land on ) marine craft . red - footed boobies feed at sea , but nest on land , perching in coastal trees and shrubs .
this species is not currently considered threatened by the iucn , and the red - footed booby population is fairly widespread and abundant . however , the population is widely scattered across many islands , very few of which are protected . several colonies have been lost in recent years due to habitat destruction , especially in the indian ocean and the south atlantic , and other potential threats include egg collecting , poaching , the introduction of non - native mammals such as rats which predate eggs and young , and increasing human disturbance from tourism ( 2 ) .
carboneras , c . , christie , d . a . , jutglar , f . , garcia , e . f . j . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . red - footed booby ( sula sula ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
there are a variety of calls used by red - footed boobies . male and female calls are different , due to structural differences in the trachea and syrinx . the male produces mild , plaintive whistles while the female produces trumpeting honks or quacks . the juveniles sound like females . the posturing that is typically used in courtship is also a form of communication .
as red - footed booby nests in trees , it is protected from human disturbances , and it is the most abundant of boobies . it waits for nesting for abundant food , but when food lacks before the end of the season , many young dead . survivors go out very far into the oceans and seas , at several thousands km from the nest . both male and female are feeding young . if food is scarce , parents may abandon the young in order to ensure their own survival . if food is abundant , they care for young for a long time .
preys on fish . it is known to hunt up to 150 km out to sea , much farther than other sulids . it plunge - dives to moderate depths ( approximately 4 to 10 m ) in order to acquire fish , which it catches and swallows on its return to the surface . red - footed boobies can fly higher than other sulids ( 10 to 30 m ) when searching for food because of their binocular vision . once prey are sighted , the bird will dive straight down into the water , reaching its top speed just before entry . the larger females can often catch food that is deeper than the smaller males because of their weight . sometimes it will also use its wings to swim deeper underwater ( 15 to 20 m ) to reach prey . red - footed boobies can also catch prey in midflight , due to their smaller size and better agility than other species of booby . this is a particularly effective method for hunting flying fish as they jump out of the water . they are also known to hunt squid at night , as their large eyes allow effective nocturnal hunting . red - footed boobies are communal hunters and once one bird has spotted food , all will dive . the food is swallowed before the bird emerges from the water ; this prevents other individuals from stealing it .
red - footed boobies are found in tropical and sub - tropical waters across the globe ( they are found in the oriental , ethiopian , neotropical , and australian regions ; they are also found on oceanic islands ) . they take long hunting trips of up to 150 km from their breeding grounds but do not migrate . one of the largest populations is on the galapagos islands .
red - footed boobies mate approximately once every 15 months , depending on food availability . they are known for their somewhat flimsy , unstable nests which are often damaged by storms . they often build their nests in trees . their choice of nest location may be a way to avoid competition for space , since other species of boobies nest on the ground . pairs mate and lay one egg at a time , raising that egg to maturity . incubation lasts between 41 and 45 days and the young fledge as young as 91 days old . in el niño southern oscillation years ( when food is scarce ) fledging may occur at more than 139 days old ( schreiber et al . , 1996 ) . red - footed boobies reach maturity in two to three years .
a large pale brown and / or white seabird of typical gannet shape and behaviour . smaller and more lightly built than other gannets and boobies . dark morph birds are pale brown all over , without sharp demarcation on the breast ( cf . the much darker brown booby ) . all forms have diagnostic pale blue bills and bright red feet , and most have a white tail ( unlike other boobies ) .
the main diet items of red footed booies are flying fish and squid . in the wet season flying fish is the main diet item , while in the dry season squid appears . however , flying fish stills the main item . prey are between 50 - 100g measuring between 10 - 22 cm . fish are mainly exocoetida en gempylida and the squid is mainly ommastrphidae from the genus symplectoteuthis .
in some areas people rely on red - footed boobies as a food source . in the past , people who hunted them were always aware of the detrimental effects of their hunting , and as such were cautious not to overhunt the populations . today , people collect sulids and their eggs and sell them across the world . this has gotten out of control and the exploitation has become a concern .
though smaller ( 26 - 30 inches , 66 - 77 cm ) it is the same general size as brown booby . has relatively longer tail than other boobies . comes in several color morphs , white , brown , white - tailed brown , and white - tailed / white - headed . typically several morphs nest in the same colony . the brown morph is the most common in our region . because of adult plumage variation individual birds are easily confused with brown or masked boobies . red feet and legs of adults are distinctive .
adult white morph has wholly white tail and tertials , blackish carpal patch on underwing , a dark face patch and bright red feet . adult brown morph has a distinctive coffee - brown with whitish rump and tail , and blue - grey bill and bare skin .
their main food is flying - fish , but they also take squid ( including flying squid ) . prey is caught by plunge - diving ( usually up to 8 m , sometimes higher ) or in flight , when the fish and squid are air - borne , after being chased by underwater predators ( including dolphins , mahi - mahi and tuna ) or disturbed by ships . red - footed boobies may feed in mixed flocks with other seabirds ( including tropicbirds and noddies ) , and are frequently pursued by frigatebirds intent on stealing food items that the boobies have caught .
red - footed boobies have a wide distribution over tropical seas of the pacific , indian and western atlantic oceans , including the caribbean sea . they forage over deep water up to 150 km from land . the nearest breeding colony to the kermadec islands is on ‘ata ( the southernmost tongan island , 780 km to north - east ) , where 10 , 000 birds were estimated to be present in 1990 . they also breed on cays in the great barrier reef ( australia ) . nests are almost always in trees or other vegetation , up to 70 m above sea level .
since red - footed boobies are colonial and highly social , mating / courtship rituals and displays are very important . the higher the population density , the more ritualized their behavior . they show off their wings and feet , and display postures . movement is displayed by the
bill - up - face - away
posture . the
facing - away
and
bill tucking
postures inhibit aggression . males posture with their tails , beaks , and wings facing upward and call for mates . once a monogamous pair mates , they will return to the same nest year - to - year to mate .
they feed by plunge diving , feeding mostly on flying fish and squid . as in the other boobies because of their feeding behavior they would all seem to be a prime species for by - catch of the long line industry . currently no reports , but this may be based on misidentification with gannets which are reported as by - catch species . largest eye of any booby ; may be linked to partially nocturnal habits .
the blown - off - course booby was spotted by local resident gail cohen who was having brunch in her beach hut with a friend . she’d seen the species on a trip to the galapagos so knew instantly that it was from far afield . “it went to sleep on the beach and i knew there was definitely something wrong so i called the rescue service , ” she told the mail . since then , the rspca at nearby mallydams wood has been giving round - the - clock intensive care to the rarity .
this booby builds nests in trees and shrubs , but when they are not available ( destruction of island plant communities by goats for example ) they will nest on the ground . october to may is the general breeding season in the west indies . adult’s soft part breeding colors fade after onset of nesting . nearly all birds return to natal islands to breed . one bird of pair remains with nest to prevent removal of nest material by other boobies and frigates . circular stick nest . single egg . incubation 42 - 46 days , fledging 91 - 112 days . young return to nest site for 1 - 4 months and continue to be fed by adults .
an unusual tropical bird that was found washed up on a beach in the uk has been flown 5 , 000 miles home in time for christmas .
he was very underweight and dehydrated when he was rescued by east sussex wildlife rescue ambulance service who transferred him to rspca mallydams wood wildlife centre , in east sussex , where he has been intensive care ever since .
spending his days under a special heat lamp to keep him warm in the drizzly and cold british weather , norman has been nursed back to health on a diet of sprats .
norman has done so well - especially when you consider how weak and dehydrated he was when he came in . we have been keeping a close eye on him along the way and keeping him warm with heat lamps .
“we have done everything possible looking after him to build his weight up and keep his strength up to prepare him for his long journey home . ”
norman was taken to london heathrow airport yesterday and jetted off on a 12 - hour flight to his new home at a nature reserve in the cayman islands .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
this species winters on tropical islands in most oceans , excluding the eastern atlantic . it winters at sea in the same area , just ranging north of the tropic of cancer , and just south of the tropic of capricorn ( del hoyo et al . 1992 ) .
anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; australia ; bahamas ; bangladesh ; barbados ; belize ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ( saba , sint eustatius ) ; brazil ; british indian ocean territory ; cayman islands ; china ; christmas island ; cocos ( keeling ) islands ; colombia ; comoros ; cook islands ; costa rica ; cuba ; curaçao ; djibouti ; dominica ; dominican republic ; ecuador ( galápagos ) ; el salvador ; fiji ; french guiana ; french polynesia ; grenada ; guam ; guatemala ; haiti ; honduras ; india ; indonesia ; jamaica ; japan ; kiribati ; madagascar ; malaysia ; marshall islands ; martinique ; mayotte ; mexico ; micronesia , federated states of ; montserrat ; new caledonia ; niue ; northern mariana islands ; palau ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; pitcairn ; puerto rico ; réunion ; russian federation ( eastern asian russia - vagrant ) ; saint helena , ascension and tristan da cunha ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; samoa ; seychelles ; solomon islands ; sri lanka ; timor - leste ; tonga ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; tuvalu ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; united states minor outlying islands ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; viet nam ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s . ; wallis and futuna
the global population is estimated to number > c . 1 , 000 , 000 individuals ( del hoyo
1992 ) , while national population sizes have been estimated at < c . 100 breeding pairs and < c . 50 individuals on migration in taiwan and < c . 100 breeding pairs and < c . 50 individuals on migration in japan ( brazil 2009 ) .
the population is suspected to be in decline owing to habitat loss , predation by invasive species and unsustainable levels of exploitation .
this species is strictly marine and largely pelagic . it feeds mainly on flying - fish and squid with a mean prey length of 8 . 8 cm . prey are caught by plunge - diving , but flying fish are also taken in flight especially when chased by underwater predators . it often rests on boats using them as vantage points . breeding is not seasonal in most of its range . individuals form large colonies , nesting and roosting mainly in trees or on islets with abundant vegetation ( del hoyo et al . 1992 ) .
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these gregarious birds live in colonies and , during mating season , hundreds of animals may gather to pair up and mate . females lay only one egg every 15 months , and both parents care for chicks . young mature slowly , but the low reproduction rate is balanced by these birds ' long lifespan—over 20 years .
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incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . morph one of two or more distinct types of a given species , often distinct colour forms , which occur in the same population at the same time ( that is , are not geographical or seasonal variations ) . pelagic in birds , applied to sea birds that come to land only to breed , and that spend the major part of their lives out at sea .
del hoyo , j . , elliot , a . and sargatal , j . ( 1992 ) handbook of birds of the world . volume 1 : ostrich to ducks . lynx edicions , barcelona .
nelson , j . b . ( 2005 ) pelicans , cormorants , and their relatives . the pelecaniformes . oxford university press , oxford .
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found in tropical seas around the world , this long - winged seabird is only a very rare visitor to north america . most records are from florida , especially around the islands of the dry tortugas , but the species has also been found off the california coast .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
at the world’s remotest nesting colony , the crazy ant strike team beats back its seabird - killing enemy with spray guns , poison . . . and cat food .
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the first new zealand record was two or three birds seen and photographed on and over napier islet ( herald islets , kermadec islands ) on 31 mar and 2 apr 2016 . at least one each intermediate and brown morph birds were present . the next record was less than ten months later , when a white morph bird with a dark tail ( indicating that it was from the eastern tropical pacific ) was first seen at muriwai gannet colony on 18 jan 2017 .
del hoyo , j . ; elliot , a . ; sargatal , j . 1992 . handbook of the birds of the world , vol . 1 : ostrich to ducks . lynx edicions , barcelona , spain .
marchant , s . ; higgins , p . j . ( eds ) , 1990 . handbook of australian , new zealand and antarctic birds . vol . 1 , ratites to ducks . oxford university press , melbourne .
miskelly , c . m . ; crossland , a . c . ; sagar , p . m . ; saville , i . ; tennyson , a . j . d . ; bell , e . a . 2017 . vagrant and extra - limital records accepted by the birds new zealand records appraisal committee 2015 - 2016 . notornis 64 : 57 - 67 .
rinke , d . r . 1991 . birds of ‘ata and late , and additional notes on the avifauna of niuafo’ou , kingdom of tonga . notornis 38 : 131 - 151 .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
an exotic visitor that pitched up on the south coast of england may have come partway by ship , wherever it really came from . sadly rescuers are struggling to save it
meanwhile , there has been plenty of speculation over where the bird came from and how a species that doesn’t migrate could have ended up so far from home . the mail went definitive and claimed the bird had to have come from the galapagos . but this is almost certainly not the case .
however it managed to reach the uk , the bird was understandably weak , thin and dehydrated when it arrived . by the end of last week , the staff at rspca mallydams wood had managed to feed him some sprats by hand and he’d put on some weight . but an update from monday afternoon did not bring such good news .
“sadly over the weekend his condition deteriorated and he has gone off his food . our staff are now tube feeding him and trying a variety of fish to see if they can spark his interest in food again . ”
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validity of races often questioned , and delimitation difficult owing to existence of colour morphs . on other hand , has been suggested that websteri may be a separate species # r # r . three subspecies commonly recognized .
( linnaeus , 1766 ) – islands in caribbean and off e brazil ( fernando de noronha , trindade ) , and ascension i ( s atlantic ) .
gould , 1838 – islands in indian ocean and tropical w & c pacific ocean e to hawaiian is , line is , marquesas and pitcairn is .
rothschild , 1898 – tropical e pacific ocean from revillagigedo is ( off sw mexico ) s to galapagos .
emits fast “rah - rah - rah - ráh - rah - rah” calls when returning to colony . male also gives harsh rasping . . .
mainly flying - fish ( exocoetidae ) and squid ( ommastrephidae ) ; mean prey length 8·8 cm . food caught by plunge - diving ; flying - fish also . . .
not seasonal in most of range , and may start breeding in any month . breeding can be intermittent ; on johnston atoll , s of hawaii in . . .
pantropical distribution and long foraging trips obscure any regular movements , but probably mainly . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . one of most abundant and widespread of all sulids , but population widely scattered on myriad of small islands through tropical seas ; . . .
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previously considered to include both papasula and morus , but recent study found that these taxa represent three monophyletic lineages # r .
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adela purpurea is a moth of the family adelidae or fairy longhorn moths .

it was described by walker in 1863 .

it is widespread in boreal north america , from the yukon through the southern provinces of canada to quebec and further south to northern new jersey .

adults are on wing from may to june in northern canada and in april in new england .

adults have been observed visiting salix blossoms .

adela purpurea

adela purpurea ( fig . 4 ) has been observed once in illinois , in pope county ( j . wiker , pers . comm . ) .
figure 2 . adela caeruleella . adult moth , collected diurnally on flower of black snakeroot , sanicula marilandica ( apiaceae ) .
figure 1 . adela caeruleella , showing the elongate antennae that are , in the majority of adelidae species , characteristic of male adult individuals .
adela ridingsella ( fig . 3 ) has been collected at light in june in mason and menard counties in illinois . it appeared in 1995 and 1996 but has not been seen since .
adela caeruleella ( figs . 1 , 2 ) is the commonest adelid species in illinois . in the central part of the state , the adult appears during the last week of may . it occurs most frequently along trails that run through deciduous forest , where it shows a preference for sitting on flowers of black snakeroot , sanicula marilandica ( apiaceae ) .
figure 3 . adela ridingsella . adult . top : specimen collected at uv light , illinois ( courtesy of j . wiker ) ; bottom , left and right : live moth , on flower of goat ' s - beard , aruncus dioicus ( rosaceae ) , southern canada ; photos of live moth kindly provided by dr . jean - françois landry .
adelidae is a small family , of which three species ( all in the genus adela ) occur in illinois . the nearctic fauna was monographed by powell ( 1969 ) . larval habits of most adelid species are unknown . in some species , the egg is laid onto a flower , and after hatching , the larva drops to the ground and lives in a portable case , from which it feeds on leaves , not necessarily of the plant species onto which its egg was laid . male adult adelids ( at least of most species ) are known for their spectacularly long antennae ( fig . 1 ) .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
contributed by jason j . dombroskie on 11 february , 2013 - 7 : 36pm
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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blue bar represents all specimens collected within a specified date range . red line also represents specimens collected within a specified date range but specimens collected at the same date and location are counted as one specimen .
900x694 ( ~ 67kb ) finland : eh : koski , 677 : 39 , 7 . 5 . 1988 s . silvonen , photo © kimmo silvonen
[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
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cosmosoma salvini is a moth of the arctiidae family .

it was described by butler in 1876 .

it is found in panama and costa rica .

cosmosoma salvini

description : cosmosoma salvini ( butler , 1876 ) taxonomy . class insecta → subclass pterygota → infraclass neoptera → superorder holometabola → order lepidoptera → superfamily noctuoidea → family arctiidae → subfamily ctenuchinae → genus cosmosoma → species cosmosoma salvini . species name ( s ) cosmosoma salvini ( butler , 1876 ) = …
description : salvini tend to prefer a sand substrate . a lot of hiding places are a necessity if you intend to keep more than one salvini , or if you intend to keep the salvini with other aggressive fish . plants will be appreciated but salvini require a large open area for swimming too .
description : matteo salvini leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio .
description : ogni giorno tutti i video delle partecipazioni mediatiche e degli eventi di matteo salvini , leader della lega , presidente di noi con salvini , parlamentare eu . . .
76 . tagliavini 77 . tarquinio provini 78 . tom savini 79 . tommaso salvini 80 . tribe bovini 81 . ursavini 82 . us with salvini 83 . valentina lodovini 84 . vini
description : species - salvini = named after o . salvin . intro : ' cichlasoma ' salvini is a beautiful , medium sized central american cichlid . although not large compared to some of the central american guapotes ,
cichlasoma
salvini packs the same amount of punch . these little guys are tenacious .
cosmosoma dubium rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : jamaica
cosmosoma metallicum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : bogota
cosmosoma stuarti rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : iquitos
cosmosoma viridicingulatum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : ecuador
description : the latest tweets from matteo salvini ( @ matteosalvinimi ) . leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio
cosmosoma simillimum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : amazon river
26 . gianni minervini 27 . giorgio salvini 28 . giuseppe tovini 29 . glauco sansovini 30 . gm europa ovini 31 . guido salvini 32 . heidi tagliavini 33 . hildesvini 34 . hildisvini 35 . incisura rivini 36 . indovini 37 . laki pingvini 38 . leo colovini 39 . lorenzo stovini 40 . lucas giovini 41 . luigi ferdinando tagliavini 42 . marcello cervini 43 . marco sansovini 44 . mario salvini 45 . matteo salvini 46 . maurelio scanavini 47 . maurizio savini 48 . minervini 49 . mirko savini 50 . mohammad ghazvini
cosmosoma bricenoi rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : mérida , venezuela
cosmosoma lucens dognin , 1902 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 46 : 226 ; tl : popayan , colombia
cosmosoma villia druce , 1906 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 18 : 78 ; tl : peru
gymnelia salvini ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
cosmosoma hampsoni klages , 1906 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 : 534 ; tl : suapure , venezuela
cosmosoma steinbachi rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : buenavista , east bolivia , 750m
cosmosoma baroni rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : zamora , ecuador , 3000 - 4000ft
cosmosoma zelosa dognin , 1899 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 43 ( 5 ) : 251 ; tl : micay , colombia
homoeocera salvini butler , 1876 ; j . linn . soc . lond . zool . 12 ( 60 - 62 ) : 376 ; tl : obispo , panama
cosmosoma colona schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 177 ; tl : sixola
cosmosoma guapila schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 176 ; tl : guapiles
cosmosoma ichneumonoides rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : santa cruz de la sierra , east bolivia
cosmosoma nobilis schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 175 ; tl : juan vinas
cosmosoma carabayanum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya , se . peru , 6000ft
description : the latest tweets from matteo salvini ( @ matteosaivini ) . parlamentare europeo dal 2009 e attuale segretario federale della lega nord . dal 1993 al 2013 consigliere comunale . # stopinvasione # parody
description : matteo salvini . 2 , 763 , 337 likes · 2 , 166 , 950 talking about this . leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio . web : . . .
51 . mohammad tahir qazvini 52 . mohammad tahir vahid qazvini 53 . morteza avini 54 . nervini 55 . nikad izvini 56 . os2 membri pelvini 57 . ottavini 58 . ovibovini 59 . ovini 60 . peromyscus slevini 61 . phyllolepis orvini 62 . pietro scalvini 63 . primum familiae vini 64 . provini 65 . pulvini 66 . rovini 67 . salvini 68 . sandro salvini 69 . savini 70 . scalvini 71 . sergio garavini 72 . shivini 73 . societas verbi divini 74 . soldavini 75 . steve borgovini
1 . alfonso savini 2 . aref ghazvini 3 . aref qazvini 4 . ashvini 5 . ayrton badovini 6 . bhavini 7 . bovini 8 . bruno uvini 9 . calvini 10 . carta dei vini 11 . carte dei vini 12 . cingulum membri pelvini 13 . civil aviation department ashvini 14 . covini 15 . craig minervini 16 . divini 17 . emanuele rovini 18 . eurytides salvini 19 . fausta garavini 20 . ferruccio tagliavini 21 . filippo savini 22 . gabriela tagliavini 23 . gazvini 24 . ghazvini 25 . gianmarco gerevini
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
= autochloris ; hampson , 1905 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 15 ( 89 ) : 427 ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 102 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia abdominalis rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : pebas , amazon
gymnelia baroni ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera beata butler , 1876 ; j . linn . soc . lond . zool . 12 ( 60 - 62 ) : 376 ; tl : colombia , santa marta
gymnelia beata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera beatrix druce , 1884 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 51 , 3 pl . 6 , f . 25 ; tl : panama , volcan de chiriqui ; bugaba ; san felz
gymnelia beatrix ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia bricenoi ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia carabayana ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia cennocha schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 4 ; tl : rio trinidad , panama
homoeocera cincta schaus , 1894 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1894 : 225 ; tl : venezuela , aroa
gymnelia cincta ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia colona ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia doncasteri rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 28 ; tl : caracas , venezuela
gymnelia doncasteri ; rothschild , 1913 , novit . zool . 20 : 471 , pl . 14 , f . 17 ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 122 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia dubia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 114 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia drucei schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 3 ; tl : head of carare river , colombia
andrenimorpha ethodaea ; hernández - baz & grados , 2004 , folia ent . mex . 43 ( 2 ) : 212
isanthrene eusebia druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 373 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymenlia eusebia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia felderi rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : amazon
gymnelia flavicapilla rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : san esteban , venezuela
gymnelia flavitarsis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
isanthrene gaza schaus , 1892 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1892 : 274 ; tl : peru
gymnelia gaza ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis gemmifera walker , 1854 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 1 : 152 ; tl : venezuela
gymnelia gemmifera ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia guapila ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 , pl . 5 , f . 32 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia hampsoni ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 , pl . 5 , f . 30 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia hyaloxantha dognin , 1914 ; hét . nouv . am . sud . 7 : 4 ; tl : muzo , colombia
gymnelia hyaloxantha ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia ichneumonoides ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 122 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis laennus walker , 1854 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 1 : 154 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro
gymnelia latimarginata hampson , 1898 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 , pl . 7 , f . 27 ; tl : colombia , bogota
gymnelia lucens ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia ludga schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 4 ; tl : colombia ?
erruca lycopolis druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 , pl . 39 , f . 7 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymnelia lycopolis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera lyrcea druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 ; tl : ecuador , intaj
gymnelia lyrcea ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 190 , pl . 7 , f . 9 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia metallica ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia nigricornis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia nobilis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia paranapanema dognin , 1911 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 2 : 4 ; tl : saint - paul , brazil
gymnelia paranapanema ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 123 , pl . 6 , f . 6 ; [ nhm card ]
gymneila pavo hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 115 , pl . 5 , f . 28 ; tl : peru , huancabamba
gymnelia peculiaris rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : mapiri , bolivia
gymnelia peratea dognin , 1910 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 1 : 3 ; tl : alto de las cruces , san - antonio , cali , colombia
gymnelia peratea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 , pl . 6 , f . 5 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia perniciosa dognin , 1923 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 23 : 1 ; tl : pacho , 2200m , colombia
gymnelia semicincta kaye , 1918 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 2 ( 9 ) : 228 ; tl : colombia , valparaiso
gymnelia scita ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
erruca sephela druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymnelia steinbachi ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia stuarti ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia taos ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 115 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera tarapotensis druce , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 302 ; tl : peru , tarapoto
gymnelia tarapotensis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia vesparia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia villia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 , pl . 5 , f . 31 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia viridicingulata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis xanthogastra perty , 1834 ; delectus anim . art . brasil : 156 , pl . 31 , f . 5 ; tl : brazil
gymnelia xanthogastra ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 , f . 90 ; schrottky , 1910 , dt . ent . z . iris 24 ( 6 / 7 ) : 149 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia zelosa ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 114 , pl . 5 , f . 29 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia frutera schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 111 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
delectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per brasilian collegerunt dr . j . b . de spix et dr . c . f . ph . de martius
descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from brazil , mexico , and peru . part i & ii
zerny , 1912 syntomidae in wagner , lep . cat . 7 : 1 - 179
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 6 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 4 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 58 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 19 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
2010 : annotated check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico .
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hi scott - mariapuravida ' s photo was taken just meters away from where we saw this one . i knew i ' d seen a photo of it somewhere before !
you ' re welcome manuel . alas another very close , but with no id to help us ! urltoken
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