shamshir ( foaled 21 february 1988 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare .

in racing career which lasted from august 1990 until october 1991 she won two of her eleven races .

as a two-year-old in 1990 she was one of the best fillies of her generation in britain , winning a maiden race and being narrowly beaten in the may hill stakes before recording her biggest win in the group one fillies ' mile .

she failed to win as a three-year-old but finished second in the epsom oaks and the nassau stakes and third in the yorkshire oaks .

she was retired at the end of the year to become a broodmare .

shamshir ( horse )

a shamshir shekargar ( shamshir - e shekârgar ; literally ,
hunters ' sword
or
hunting sword
) is the same as a shamshir , except the blade is engraved and decorated , usually with hunting scenes .
horse racing stats – runner and rider profiles for epsom oaks – . . .
2 ) mr . ali ghourchani from iran is an accomplished horse archer who has gained many places in international horse archery competitions . i will test many horseback wrestling and horseback lance and swordfighting in cooperation with ali . he is an accomplished horse archer .
black caviar : the horse of a lifetime . . . the story and the wins
mughal style carved jade shamshir grip , horse form gem set spinach jade with inset white jade disk , 20th c . 6 1 / 4
x 5
x 1
, estimate : $ 700 - $ 900… | pinteres…
a shamshir , shamsher , shamsheer or chimchir ( from shamshir ) is a type of sabre with a curve that is considered radical for a sword : 5 to 15 degrees from tip to tip . the name is derived from shamshīr , which means
sword
( in general ) . the radically curved sword family includes the shamshir , scimitar , talwar , kilij , pulwar and the sabre .
use the search below to find breeding information on an individual horse or select one of the other specific search options available .
in addition to oh so sharp , his other top runners included fitnah , common grounds , flash of steel , shamshir , sure blade , unite , and balisada .
i was with luca cumani when falbrav had his special season , and his owner also has horses with my father , so i had known him for many years ,
he says .
he promised to send me a horse when i set up , and luckily , the horse was sesmen .
shamshir and separ ( buckler ) vs mace and buckler . in razmafzar the small shield ( separ ) is used with a variety of weapons , including the sword , mace , axe and dagger .
shamshir ( gb ) ch . f , 1988 { 12 - d } dp = 8 - 1 - 10 - 5 - 4 ( 28 ) di = 1 . 00 cd = 0 . 14 - 9 starts , 2 wins , 3 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 346 , 708
“our first big winner was shamshir , the first foal of free guest , who i suppose was our foundation mare , ” she says of the daughter of kris , who in 1990 became the second group 1 winner for cumani’s then - stable jockey frankie dettori in the fillies’ mile , 45 minutes after he won the queen elizabeth ii stakes on markofdistinction .
“we’ve always had some boarders . we keep it as limited as we possibly can but it helps with the cashflow , ” explains sara . “it’s just really for some of our owners because we don’t want to over - horse the place and we’re comfortable with the numbers we have . ”
t is 16 years since a young italian called lanfranco dettori established himself at the top of his profession with a group one double on festival day at ascot . shamshir , who won the fillies ' mile , and markofdistinction , in the queen elizabeth ii stakes , were both trained by another italian , luca cumani , and between them , the jockey and trainer have kept the tricolore prominent at the meeting ever since .
will almost always be rated from 45 - 54 with the exception of those that perform in a higher class or in say a black - type three year old race . they can expect a higher rating . after three “misses” a maiden horse will revert to a mark of 45 . these races will continue to be raced under set - weight conditions .
“breeding and training compliment each other – from the trainer’s perspective you get to know a bit about soundness and temperament and therefore you can use that when you get to the breeding side . on the training front , knowing the horse from the very beginning and having seen it from when it was born , all the way through , is a bonus . ”
despite having planned her mating and known her since birth , luca cumani maintains that lady of dubai receives no favourable treatment in training . he says : “the moment the homebreds are in the training yard they are the same as the others – all the horses here are my babies . winning is the same for any horse in the yard , though of course it’s satisfying if you’ve bred them and known them all their lives . ”
for eight centuries the arab sword makers succeeded in concealing their techniques from competitors - and from posterity . those in europe only revealed that they quenched in ' ' red medicine ' ' or ' ' green medicine . ' ' a less abrupt form of cooling , according to one account , was achieved when the blade , still red hot , was ' ' carried ina furious gal lop by a horseman on a fast horse . ' '
he is equally unequivocal about any twinges when horses he and sara have bred succeed for other stables , adding : “in each case it has been my decision to sell so i have no regrets . it’s not a question of that horse being one that got away – any success helps our families and helps the stud . and quite often there are those that you’ve kept because they wouldn’t have made a good sales yearling but they turn out to be very good racehorses . ”
background : garry and suzanne brandt had their first runner in 2014 . the couple run the north london - based import business harlequin direct ltd and were tempted to dip their toes into racehorse ownership when meeting owner derrick bloy on holiday . harlequeen was only the second horse owned by the brandts , with their first being the four - time winner harlequin striker , also with mick channon before being switched to dean ivory’s yard this year . garry gave suzanne harlequeen for her birthday and his mother telma went racing for the first time at goodwood last year when harlequeen won .
the oaks stakes is a group 1 flat horse race in great britain open to three - year - old fillies . it is run at epsom downs over a distance of 1 mile , 4 furlongs and 10 yards ( 2 , 423 metres ) , and it is scheduled to take place each year in early june . ( it has also been known as the oaks . increasingly it is coming to be referred to as the epsom oaks in both the uk and overseas countries , although ' epsom ' is not part of the official title of the race . )
khorasani : thanks for asking ! my next project is finishing my book on historical firearms from iran . this book contains translated and annotated persian texts on cannon making , rockets , etc . i have also measured and pictured over 100 unique examples of persian firearms from iranian museums . a treasure . i have been classifying and researching all techniques of traditional wrestling arts of iran . these will be published in different books by me . i am also planning a book on armored combat and horse combat in persian tradition . and of course together with mr . dwyer we are writing a book on persian archery . thanks for the interview .
khorasani : they will learn sword and shield combinations and spear combinations on foot first . accompanied by wrestling techniques of course . war wrestling based on persian manuscripts play an important role in razmafzar . persian manuscripts stress that a good warrior is a good wrestler . then we move to dagger and knife fighting in combination with a shield . then axe and mace techniques are taught . more complex techniques of sword and shield and wrestling always accompany the curriculum . then short sword techniques qame and qaddare as civilian weapons follow as the former are battlefield weapons . the whole would take 4 - 5 years to master . then they learn archery on foot and then horse archery . the last step will be fighting with weapons and wrestling on horseback . the whole techniques comprise all techniques from ancient iran into islamic period . of course as far as they are evidenced . we do not make up techniques . but razmafzar deals with all periods of iran . participants should also learn about some aspects of historical arms and armor from iran as well .
kris , a champion racehorse and sire in england , died thursday at lord howard de walden ' s plantation stud . he was 28 .
a report on the plantation web site said the stallion , who was pensioned in february 2002 , was found dead in his paddock of heart failure .
by sharpen up - - doubly sure , by reliance , kris was the sire of 80 stakes winners from 810 named foals of racing age . among them are classic winner oh so sharp , who was a member of his first crop . with just two crops racing in 1985 , he was the leading sire in england / ireland .
kris , bred and raced by howard de walden , won 14 of 16 starts and ran second in the other two . he was a champion miler in england . kris was unbeaten at two when he won the horris hill stakes ( eng - iii ) . his victories at three included the sussex stakes ( eng - i ) , st james ' s palace stakes ( eng - ii ) , waterford crystal mile ( eng - ii ) , and queen elizabeth ii stakes ( eng - ii ) . he was retired after his 4 - year - old season , his career ending with a second to known fact in the queen elizabeth ii stakes . he was trained by henry cecil .
kris was syndicated for 4 million pounds and began his stud duties at de walden ' s thornton stud . that nursery was sold in 1994 and he was moved to plantation stud .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
owner : sk . mohammed breeder : fittocks stud ltd . winnings : 9 starts : 2 - 3 - 2 , $ 346 , 708 1st fillies mile gr . 1 ( gb ) . 2nd may hill s . gr . 3 ( gb ) , the oaks gr . 1 ( gb ) , nassau s . gr . 2 ( gb ) . 3rd yorkshire oaks gr . 1 ( gb ) , musidora s . gr . 3 ( gb ) . ( close )
open an account with betfair and bet at least €5 at min odds of 1 / 5 on the sportsbook . win or lose betfair match your first bet up to €50 . free bet stakes not returned
now they may have some backup . marco botti is not a familiar name to british racegoers yet , but like dettori before him , he goes to ascot this weekend with a serious chance to make his reputation on one of the most important afternoons of the flat racing year . his unbeaten juvenile sesmen , who was added to the fillies ' mile at a cost of £20 , 000 earlier this week , will be his first runner in a group one contest , and if breeding counts for anything , she will go to the start with every chance .
sesmen ' s pedigree is the result of meticulous planning by peter ebdon , the former world snooker champion , who applies the same driven intensity to the business of breeding thoroughbreds that he does to building breaks . but it is botti ' s own family tree that bears the closest inspection , since his name would be as familiar to an italian racegoer as a hills or a dunlop in this country .
my father [ alduino ] and his brother [ giuseppe ] train together in italy ,
botti says ,
and they have been the champions of the country many , many times . they have won all of the classics in italy , and they will be champions again this year for sure , as they have more than 220 winners already .
such is the status of the botti family in italian racing that marco , who rode nearly 400 winners during a five - year career as a professional jockey , would have found it easy to start a training career in his native country . instead , he chose to launch himself as a virtual unknown in the sink - or - swim surroundings of newmarket .
he is becoming more familiar by the week , though , having saddled seven winners from 44 runners so far this season , a strike - rate of 16 % . with victories at prices including 33 - 1 , 20 - 1 , 12 - 1 and 9 - 1 , his level - stake profit is running at £48 . 25 .
of course it would have been easier for me to go back to italy ,
botti says .
i don ' t think that it would have been any problem finding owners there , when in england , all new trainers struggle to find owners and good horses at the beginning .
but i decided to give it a go here , to take a shot , and i can ' t complain so far . we have 22 horses here now , and we ' ve had a group three winner . winning a group three in england means much more to me than it would in italy , as it is so much more difficult to win races here .
the decision to run sesmen in saturday ' s race owes something to cumani , who employed botti as a pupil assistant for two years when he first arrived in britain .
he then moved on to spend a year with ed dunlop , and six months as head lad with sheikh mohammed ' s collection of blue bloods at godolphin .
after she won at goodwood , luca rang me and said , marco , you should have a look at the ascot race and think about supplementing her . it would come at just the right time for her . the owner said that if i was happy with her , it would be worth taking a chance . it is a lot of money , but that ' s part of the game sometimes .
we ' re running against the big yards and the best trainers so it ' s not going to be easy ,
botti says .
but she travels so well and quickens so well , and if everything goes right , we will definitely aim her for the 1 , 000 guineas .
i ' ve worked with group one horses like falbrav and ouija board in the past , so now i just hope that i ' ve learned enough about how to train them .
a regular at this track , blue maeve has three course wins from ten starts , as well as three seconds and a third . he ' s been in the form of his life this season , scoring on his last two visits and going close off his revised mark in two subsequent runs elsewhere . there seems to be plenty of pace drawn near the rail here and it is to be hoped that silvestre de sousa has the sense not to fight for an early lead .
© 2018 guardian news and media limited or its affiliated companies . all rights reserved .
our new search experience requires javascript to be enabled . please enable javascript on your browser , then try again .
ebay determines this price through a machine - learned model of the product ' s sale prices within the last 90 days .
copyright © 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice
amounts shown in italicized text are for items listed in currency other than canadian dollars and are approximate conversions to canadian dollars based upon bloomberg ' s conversion rates . for more recent exchange rates , please use the universal currency converter
this page was last updated : 09 - jul 15 : 34 . number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date . see each listing for international shipping options and costs .
rohani ya abbas hadid stone islamic ring خاتم نقش مصور ياعباس . . حديد صيني
rohani viper snake stone حجر الحية الروحاني , حجر الافعى . . حجر الثعبان , عقيق
gift for man vintage ring size 12 اجمل هدية للرجل , اروع خاتم رجالي . . خاتم الهيبة
international shipping - items may be subject to customs processing depending on the item ' s declared value .
sellers set the item ' s declared value and must comply with customs declaration laws .
your country ' s customs office can offer more details , or visit ebay ' s page on international trade .
this amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab
this amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . if you reside in an eu member state besides uk , import vat on this purchase is not recoverable . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab
estimated delivery dates - opens in a new window or tab include seller ' s handling time , origin zip code , destination zip code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .
any international shipping and import charges are paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab
international shipping and import charges paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab
international shipping paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab
any international shipping is paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab
this item will be shipped through the global shipping program and includes international tracking . learn more - opens in a new window or tab
there are 1 items available . please enter a number less than or equal to 1 .
* estimated delivery dates - opens in a new window or tab include seller ' s handling time , origin zip code , destination zip code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .
will usually ship within 2 business days of receiving cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab .
qualifying purchases could enjoy no interest if paid in full in 6 months on purchases of $ 99 or more . other offers may also be available .
interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months . minimum monthly payments are required . subject to credit approval . see terms - opens in a new window or tab
we essentially require buyer phone number / mobile no . for international shipment . buyers will pay the shipping & handling charges and no return policy apply . buyer need to pay within a week . item will be shipped within a week after receiving the payment . please ask for shipping cost
this is a private listing and your identity will not be disclosed to anyone except the seller .
copyright © 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . accessibility , user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice
martial artist , linguist , historian and tireless arms and armour researcher , dr . manouchehr moshtagh khorasani ( germany ) is an award - winning author who won the prestigious awards of the book prize of the islamic republic of iran ( 2012 ) for his book lexicon of arms and armor from iran : a study of symbols and terminology and arms and armor from iran : the bronze age to the end of the qajar period ( 2009 ) , which also won the world book prize in the field of iranian studies in 2009 . the latter book is based on over 800 primary and secondary sources and features a detailed analysis of over 520 artifacts from ten iranian museums for the first time . some selected items from private collections are also featured in this book .
dr . khorasani is also the author of the book antique oriental and arab weapons and armour : the streshinskiy collection ( published 2010 ) and has written well over 100 print articles , lexicon entries and book contributions related to arms and armor from iran in 30 print journals and magazines , an encyclopedia and one in a book in english , german , spanish , french and persian for american , argentinian , austrian , british , canadian , french , german , indian , iranian , south korean and spanish magazines .
we have known dr . khorasani for many years in his role as a moderator and consultant at swordforum international , and were particularly excited when we learned that he had been combining all of his passions and backgrounds in a new project : razmafzar – persian martial arts . his latest book , persian archery and swordsmanship : the martial arts of iran , is the first publication of his results , another massive , meticulously documented analysis of artifacts , artwork , and literature , this time cross - analyzed with surviving persian fencing , archery and riding manuscripts and the many living - traditions of iranian wrestling . we are pleased to offer this interview , where dr . khorasani gives us some insights into the ( re ) development of razmafzar , living martial traditions in iran , and what is forthcoming from his prolific pen .
khorasani : this is a combined persian term , a new persian lexeme which consists of razm ( battle / fight ) and afzar ( tools / weapons ) . it means “battle weapons” . actually , this word is related to zinabzar or zinafzar which means the weapons for a mounted warrior . the term zinafzar can already be found in the poems of onsori balkhi ( 1990 , p . 22 ) . this word is an old word which derives from the middle persian word zēn afzār ( war implements / weapons ) that can be found in karnameye ardeshir babakan ( see farahvashi , 2007 , p . 30 ) . the reason for choosing razmafzar and not zinafzar for this historical martial art is that it deals not only with cavalry techniques and tactics but also with infantry techniques and tactics . so it is a more general term encomassing both fields . although the fomer has received some cursory look , the latter has been completely ignored in the studies of martial hertitage of iran / persia . it entails all techniques which are documented in manuscripts , poems , battlefield accounts , miniatures , arts , stone reliefs from ancient iran and also islamic period of iran .
khorasani : i have been an active martial artist almost all my life and surely after years of research , measurement and recording hundreds of iranian arms and armor in 14 museums in iran and many private collections in europe , russia and usa , the intriguing question has always been how these weapons were used . that is why i turned my attention to a detailed study of these weapons .
fap : one of the unique things in persian archery and swordsmanship is your detail to language – in tracking a lexicon of martial terminology or technical vocabulary , that can be found in non technical literature and then comparing that to iconographic depictions of the same actions . this is an area that is still awaiting more serious attention in historical european martial arts ( hema ) . can you discuss the process you used in going about this ?
fap : hema practitioners are fortunate in having a a larger number of technical works , “fight books” , on which to base their reconstruction . is there a similar body of persian martial texts to draw from ?
khorasani : yes , there are . i have presented many complete manuals in my last book . five complete ones on persian archery . one on mounted lance fighting . one on spearfighting on foot . three on war wrestling . one on swords . as we are talking , i have received some new ones . this area has been neglected for years . i have received new manuscripts on archery , swordsmanship , mounted combat , etc .
fap : in the west , many traditional martial arts , particularly “aristocratic” or “chivalric” ones became extinct in the 18th and 19th centuries , and have had to be reconstructed . how does this compare to the situation in iran ? have you been able to find living sword or weapon arts , and if so , have they played a role in creating modern razmafzar ?
khorasani : chivalric code of iran is best expressed in the javanmardi code which is similar to european chivalric code or japanese bushido . we have a living tradition of zurkhane ( house of strength ) . wrestling in iran is considered as a sacred sport , where the mat is still considered a place to respect and to be respected and one needs to show humbleness and also help people in need . my project of razmafzar is based on academic reconstruction of techniques in manuscripts , miniatures and reliefs . but it does not stop there . as i have shown in my last book , the tenets and training methods of the house of strength will be integrated in it . additionally , we have over 24 styles of traditional wrestling in iran , we have sword dancing , we have different stick fighting methods in iran . they are in the process of being researched . we will make comparative analysis and then set up a big data bank and integrate them in razmafzar as well .
wrestling remains an important sport , fighting tradition and cultural treasure in iranian culture even today , and was considered the basis of persian warrior training .
fap : at the same time , there are many european folk traditions , particularly for wrestling and stick or knife fighting , that have survived . in persian archery and swordsmanship you touch on this with traditional iranian wrestling or varzesh pahlavani . can you tell us a little about pahlavani – both as it exists now and as it might have related to earlier persian fighting arts ?
khorasani : the house of strength symbolizes a sacred place where practitioners not only develop strength , but they need to learn javanmardi rules . they need to be role models for the young generation . wrestling is one of the most effective combat systems as proven again and again . this plays a major role in iran .
khorasani : yes i am fortunate enough to be in contact with leading pahlavans in iran and i trained and even documented their training in the house of strength . they are greatly interested in razmafzar .
khorasani : yes , without name dropping , my students and friends know that . i hold three black belts , a 4th dan in one of them , the others 2nd dan . i have trained and competed in many full - contact sports such as boxing , muay thai and of course wrestling . i experimented with bjj and trained in a team . besides i also trained in a japanese koryu sword art extensively . but i have always wrestled and love this sport . wrestling has helped me the most , as this is the tenet of persian armored and unarmored fight . but i have to say that all martial arts and fighting i have done have played a part , by helping me universal principles of combat , like distance and lines of attack and defence . i have to say i love realistic and full - contact sparring and think that is important in all martial arts , including swordfighting .
a persian warrior should be able to grab and throw in close range at anytime . and then of course to deliver fast and powerful blows with his weapons .
fap : persia has long been a cross - roads between the mid and far east . have you found commonalities between persian arts with those of the arabs to the west or indians , such as the sikh gatka or shastar vidiya to the east ?
khorasani : well possibly , but as i have not trained in indian or arab arts , i cannot pass judgments . what i can say is that there always commonalities with certain arts , especially when the arms and armour are similar , but i would say that what i know defines persian arts is an emphasis on developing strength , stamina , power and only then techniques . this is why wrestling plays a crucial role – it trains the body that is at the core of the entire art . a persian warrior should be able to grab and throw in close range at anytime . and then of course to deliver fast and powerful blows with his weapons .
fap : you have chosen to create an international research and development team to develop razmafzar . can you tell us a bit about who comprises the team and how your team works together ?
khorasani : i have a very dedicated team and i am in constant contact with them . my team comprises of three different groups . researchers who write and do research on historical arms and armor from iran , the other section comprises experienced martial artists and another who work and help in the realm of public relations and also editorial process . to enter my group and be marked as a member one needs to fulfill certain criteria . i am really proud of the members of razmafzar team and many thanks for asking me questions about them . these are :
1 ) mr . bede dwyer from australia is a leading researcher on asian composite bow . bede has published many articles in many leading academic journals . he plays a very important role in razmafzar team . he has been my editor from 2004 and has made useful comments on archery sections on my books . we have written many important articles on persian archery based on persian archery manuscripts which have been translated by me . at the moment , i am planning to write a book on persian archery together with mr . bede dwyer on persian archery . this book will not only comprise archery techniques and annotated archery texts but we will show techniques and how to execute them with a replica persian composite bow .
3 ) mr . heiko grosse from germany is an accomplished swordsman who has been training and learning razmafzar under my direct supervision . he is a black belt in kendo with ten years experience in kendo competitions and a cateran and an expert in scottish swordsmanship with five - year experience . he plays a pivotal role in learning and teaching razmafzar .
4 ) ms . mitra haji is a museum curator of bonyad museums from tehran , iran . i have been working with ms . haji over 7 years . i have analyzed over 500 historical arms and armor from iran which are kept in bonyad museum . she has translated and edited many of my articles in persian . we organized two historical arms and armor exhibitions “the power of iranian steel” and “weapons and combat in the shahname” in tehran .
5 ) mr . mark mcmorrow from the usa is the executive editor and director of swordforum international , the biggest online community dedicated to the study of historical arms and armor . mark plays a very important role in making razmafzar public and we have an excellent working relationship together ,
6 ) mr . richard nable is a police lieutenant for a metropolitan police department in the southeastern united states . he is a swat sniper and team leader , department rangemaster , and instructor primarily in police weapons , tactics and survival . richard is our advisor on the mechanisms of historical firearms and has edited a number of articles on historical firearms which i have written and also has been editing parts of my books . 7 ) mr . greg thomas obach has been on my team for over 12 years . greg is a leading and very experienced smith who makes wonderful crucible steel . he has edited the chapters on crucible steel in my books and also articles . his insights into making crucible steel and above all his down - to - earth approach and willingness to learn and experiment make him truly a unique smith .
8 ) ms . venous pirmomen from iran is an archaeologist with a master and a bachelor degree in archaeology from islamic azad university . her areas of interest and concentration are bio - archaeology , biological anthropology and forensic anthropology . she has played an important role in accessing data for research of razmafzar team and public relations in iranian universities . she has found many new manuscripts from iranian libraries and museums for primary research materials on persian arms and armor .
9 ) mr . hessamoddin shafeianis a phd candidate at university of california , riverside in the field of electrical engineering department . he obtained his msc degree from the prestigeous sharif university of technology . he has been a very important team member with unflagging determination to find and access data which are extremely important for the research of razmafzar team . together with venous , hessam has found and gained access to many important persian manuscripts .
10 ) dr . denis toichkin from ukraine is a leading arms and armor historian and researcher and the author of a book on the history of cossack cold steel . he is recognized as a specialist in the late medieval and modern history of eastern european arms and armor . he has published on persian arms with me in leading ukranian journals and we are going to publish further articles on persian arms and armor in future . he plays a pivotal role in arms and armor research in our team .
fap : razmafzar is a large , complex art . when a new student wishes to begin training , where do they start ? what are the root disciplines of the system ?
fap : you’ve created the largest single source on persian arms and armour , a companion lexicon , and now a giant overview of persian martial arts and martial culture . all in your spare time ! so what is next for manouchehr khorasani and razmafzar ?
freelance academy press is proud to be distributing dr . khorasani’s books here in the united states , and look forward to working with him in the future on other projects .
enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email .
privacy & cookies : this site uses cookies . by continuing to use this website , you agree to their use . to find out more , including how to control cookies , see here : cookie policy
we have profiles of all nine runners and riders for the english biggest filly’s classic the epsom oaks , start time 4 : 30pm . back minding at 8 / 1 to win .
* worked over the unique epsom downs course during the breakfast with the stars morning on tuesday , may 24 .
* beaten a neck by seventh heaven on reappearance in listed betfred mobile oaks trial at lingfield park on may 7 .
* success came with a length and a half victory in a mile maiden on good to soft going at nottingham in october .
* debut came in a mile maiden at haydock park on september 26 last year when third on soft ground .
born : december 5 , 1980 based : kremlin cottage stables , newmarket background : he is the eldest son of lord adrian palmer and grew up in the scottish borders , learning to ride at a very young age . he went to eton . before becoming a trainer , he spent time working for cheveley park stud and john warren at highclere stud . he was assistant to trainer patrick chamings and then spent three seasons as hughie morrison’s assistant . after five years as an assistant in the uk , he enjoyed a successful 15 - month spell in australia with leading trainer gai waterhouse . he returned to the uk , took out a licence in 2011 and has made an increasing impact , sending out 35 british & irish winners who earnt more than £1 million in prize money last year .
* beaten nine lengths into fifth by so mi dar in group three musidora stakes at york on may 11 .
* got off the mark at the third attempt in a mile polytrack maiden at lingfield park in february .
* made her debut in a mile maiden on kempton park’s polytrack on november 30 , finishing fifth of 10 .
* out of high - class racemare barshiba & a half - sister to last year’s 50 / 1 group one juddmonte international heroine arabian queen .
* stayed on take third , beaten a length , behind somehow in the listed cheshire oaks on may 4 .
* made a winning debut in a mile polytrack maiden at kempton park on november 30 .
other major wins include : breeders’ cup marathon ( 2008 muhannak ) . , middleton stakes ( 2015 secret gesture ) , german 1 , 000 guineas ( 2012 electrelane ) , fred darling stakes ( 2005 penkenna princess , 2010 puff , 2012 moonstone magic , 2015 redstart ) , qipco british champions fillies & mares stakes ( 2015 simple verse )
born : september 6 , 1995 background : nephew of former jump jockey jim culloty , who won three cheltenham gold cups on best mate and trained the 2014 winner lord windermere . murphy began riding at the age of four and competed in pony races and show jumping . joined culloty’s cork yard at the age of 13 before teaming up with tommy stack two years later . started riding out for ireland’s champion flat trainer aidan o’brien at 16 and then moved to england to work for andrew balding in october , 2012 . first win came aboard imperial glance at salisbury on june 16 , 2013 . capped 2013 with a memorable four - timer on ayr gold cup day , including in the feature on highland colori . had a three - month spell with leading australian trainer danny o’brien in 2013 / 2014 . was appointed second jockey behind andrea atzeni to qatar racing ltd ahead of 2015 flat season and become first jockey to the organisation when atzeni returned to roger varian .
* exercised at the course during the breakfast with the stars morning on tuesday , may 24 .
* beaten four and half lengths into fourth by so mi dar in group three musidora stakes at york on may 11 .
* runner - up to godolphin’s linguistic on reappearance in the valuable tattersalls millions 3 - y - o trophy at newmarket on april 14 .
* sole victory came easily in a mile maiden at goodwood on september 1 , 2015 .
first winner : gained his first two successes on the same day when golden scissors was successful on the flat at beverley and wessex warrior over hurdles at wincanton on march 30 , 1990 .
success in uk : after a relatively slow start in his first few years in britain , with the winters spent riding in india , de sousa nearly returned to brazil but the 2010 uk season saw a distinct upturn in his fortunes as he rode 100 winners , for trainers such as david o’meara , geoff harker and mark johnston . in 2011 , he rode primarily for johnston and enjoyed 161 uk victories , challenging for the british jockeys’ title . de sousa’s first british classic ride came on outsider danum dancer in the 2007 2000 guineas , while he won the indian derby on antonios in 2009 . he was appointed as a retained rider to godolphin in february , 2012 but parted ways with maktoum family’s operation in mid - 2014 despite enjoying considerable success . he has ridden as a freelance since then and became champion jockey in britain for the first time in 2015 .
big - race wins : dubai world cup ( 2014 african story ) , qipco champion stakes ( 2013 farhh ) , lockinge stakes ( 2013 farhh ) , dubai duty free stakes ( 2013 sajjhaa ) , premio roma ( 2012 hunter’s light ) , juddmonte international ( 2015 arabian queen ) . accolades : stobart champion flat jockey 2015
* bidding to become the first filly since kazzia in 2002 to complete the 1000 guineas - investec oaks double .
* crowned european champion two - year - old filly last season following victories in the g1 moyglare stud stakes at the curragh & g1 dubai fillies’ mile at newmarket .
* comes in on the back of defeat having gone down by a head to jet setting in the irish 1 , 000 guineas at the curragh on may 22 , the pair clear . minding banged her head leaving the stalls . a cut and bruising were minor and have healed .
* made her debut on june 11 , 2015 in a leopardstown seven - furlong maiden and finished second . she got off the mark next time out a similar race over six furlongs at the same course on june 25 .
* dam was top - class over a mile and galileo won the investec derby in 2001 .
* unbeaten in two starts this season and last time out got the better of architecture by a neck in the listed oaks trial at lingfield park on may 7 .
* odds - on favourite when making a winning return in a mile polytrack maiden at dundalk on april 18 .
* had the first of two starts as a juvenile at leopardstown when seventh of 13 in a seven - furlong maiden on september 12 , 2015 . two weeks later , she finished fourth in another seven furlong at newmarket .
born : buttevant , co cork , ireland , november 13 , 1980 . background : joined aidan o’brien’s ballydoyle stable as a teenager and gained his first british classic success on 50 / 1 chance qualify in the 2015 investec oaks . has ridden across the world with major success in ireland , france , the uae , the usa , canada and india . first winner : my - lorraine , sligo , june 24 , 1997 . british classic wins ( 1 ) : investec oaks ( 2015 qualify ) big - race wins include : irish derby ( 2011 treasure beach ) , irish oaks ( 2014 bracelet ) , secretariat stakes ( 2011 treasure beach ) , phoenix stakes ( 2002 spartacus ) , poule d’essai des poulains ( 2007 astronomer royal ) , criterium international ( 2009 jan vermeer ) , canadian international ( 2010 joshua tree ) , american st leger ( 2012 jakkalberry ) , uae derby ( 2012 daddy long legs ) , queen elizabeth ii challenge cup ( 2011 together ) . has also enjoyed significant success in india , winning the indian derby , calcutta derby and bangalore derby in 2007 , and also rode one winner in hong kong in the 2013 / 14 season .
* supplemented at a cost of £30 , 000 following her length victory in the listed height of fashion stakes at goodwood on may 19 . snow fairy took the same 10 - furlong contest at goodwood in 2010 on her way to investec oaks glory .
* third on debut in a 10 - furlong maiden at ascot on may 6 .
champion owner in britain ( 10 times ) : 1996 , 1998 , 1999 , 2001 , 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , 2012 , 2013 and 2015 .
* overcame greenness to win the listed cheshire oaks by half a length on may 4 , with diamonds pour moi back in third .
* made a successful reappearance on heavy ground in a 10 - furlong maiden at leopardstown on april 6 .
* debut came in a leopardstown seven - furlong maiden on october 25 , 2015 when third to stable companion pretty perfect .
* fifth foal of alexandrova who captured the investec , irish and yorkshire oaks in 2006 for same connections .
born : james anthony heffernan on july 17 , 1972 . background : based at aidan o’brien’s ballydoyle stable since 1996 . like o’brien , gained his grounding at jim bolger’s stable . twice second in the investec derby and won the investec oaks on was in 2012 . accolades : jointly ireland’s champion apprentice in 1994 . british classic wins ( 1 ) : investec oaks ( 2012 was ) . other major wins include : irish derby ( 2007 soldier of fortune , 2008 frozen fire ) , irish 1 , 000 guineas ( 2001 imagine , 2008 halfway to heaven , 2011 misty for me ) , irish st leger ( 2008 septimus ) , irish champion stakes ( 2010 cape blanco , 2011 so you think ) , eclipse stakes ( 2011 so you think ) , sun chariot stakes ( 2008 halfway to heaven ) , moyglare stud stakes ( 2008 again , 2010 misty for me , 2015 minding ) , national stakes ( 2000 beckett , 2010 power ) , keeneland phoenix stakes ( 2012 pedro the great ) , pretty polly stakes ( 2011 misty for me , 2015 diamondsandrubies ) , critérium international ( 2006 mount nelson ) , middle park stakes ( 2011 crusade ) , secretariat stakes ( 2015 highland reel )
* high - class two - year - old over a mile , winning the group two may hill stakes at doncaster before taking second behind ballydoyle in the group one prix marcel boussac at longchamp .
* six and a half lengths to make up on minding after coming home sixth on return in the qipco 1000 guineas at newmarket on may 1 .
ownership of turret rocks was recently transferred from jackie , jim bolger’s wife , to june judd who owned the 2009 investec oaks seventh oh goodness me . judd first owned horses in 2001 . she has had success in ireland , including with free judgement in the 2010 g3 tetrarch stakes and 2009 g3 killavullan stakes plus abigail petit in the 2005 g3 tower stakes , though she has yet to have a winner in britain .
this site uses akismet to reduce spam . learn how your comment data is processed .
sarah healy wins her second gold as she takes 1 , 500m title . . .
at casinorella you will find all new casino sites that is launching with a uk license .
the casino market in sweden is one of the fastest growing markets within the entertainment industry . urltoken has analyzed new casinos here ( in swedish ) : urltoken sinon
urltoken offers the latest reviews of the best new online casinos in finland . visit the website to find more information about the gambling industry .
find yourself a brand new online casino and choose from the best at urltoken where you’ll find bonuses and online slots to play for free .
sportsnewsireland is an irish website launched in 2009 to offer sports fans in ireland an alternative and independent source to keep them up to date with all the news from around the country . every week we bring you live score updates from all levels of gaa , rugby , soccer , racing and athletics .
this website uses cookies to improve your experience . we ' ll assume you ' re ok with this , but you can opt - out if you wish . accept read more
boxing : kildare’s eric donovan teams up with ‘old friend’ egan for . . .
gaa fixtures – hurling & gaelic football in munster , ulster , leinster . . .
write css or less and hit save . ctrl + space for auto - complete .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
urltoken no longer supports internet explorer 9 or earlier . please upgrade your browser .
two metallurgists at stanford university , seeking to produce a ' ' superplastic ' ' metal , appear to have stumbled on the secret of damascus steel , the legendary material used by numerous warriors of the past , including the crusaders . its formula had been lost for generations .


macrodactylus subspinosus is a north american beetle of the family scarabaeidae .

it is one of at least two beetles in this family known as the " rose chafer " , the other being the european cetonia aurata .

m. subspinosus occurs from eastern canada to colorado and is considered a pest of many crops and flowers .

it is given its common name of rose chafer because it eats the leaves of roses , although it also feeds on many other plants .

macrodactylus subspinosus

development of an attractant for the scarab pest macrodactylus subspinosus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) .
the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus ) is a common pest in vineyards in the northeastern united states .
development of an attractant for the scarab pest macrodactylus subspinosus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus ) is commonly found in many areas of minnesota , particularly areas with sandy soil .
rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus fabricius ) adults emerge at bloom and immediately attack grape blossoms and skeletonize leaves , eating all the tissue around large veins . they can cause extensive damage to foliage and completely destroy blossom buds and / or developing berries , resulting in reduced grape yields . damage can be severe in vineyards with sandy soils , the preferred habitat for these beetles .
in identifying the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus syn . cetonia aurata ) , one will note that it is a tan , long - legged , slender beetle from 5 / 16 to 15 / 32 inches long ( 8 - 12 mm ) . as you can see , this beetle is smaller than the japanese beetle and does differ in appearance . they are , however , alike in the appetite and the damage they do .
in the past few years , populations of the rose chafer beetle , macrodactylus subspinosus , have been abundant in some regions of southwest michigan . these beetles can be found in grape growing regions across michigan and beyond ; however , outbreaks in the lawton , mich . , region in recent years have been causing some high levels of damage to clusters during the bloom period . with this recent history , it is a good time to review the biology and lifecycle of this pest and review the available options for control .
we analyzed the flight of the rose chafer macrodactylus subspinosus ( f . ) ( melolonthinae : scarabaeidae ) and the japanese beetle popillia japonica newman ( rutelinae : scarabaeidae ) in a wind tunnel with controlled humidity , temperature , light , and airflow . the data indicate that an optimum combination of light and temperature dramatically improves their response to lures . both species took off upwind , oriented to , and contacted the odor source well ( 40–60 % ) when light intensity was > 50 % of a clear day , temperature was 26–27°c , and relative humidity was 65–75 % .
advisories are not working correctly for plymouth . the next closest stations are rocky mount , williamston and buckland . begin sprays …
from cotton – july 2 , 2018 , 03 : 12 pm please consider attending a scouting school this summer . we will post as they become …
earworm populations ( known as bollworm in cotton ) were relatively low in our system from 2011 to 2016 . arguably , at …
this week i have noticed damage on many pin oaks ( quercus falcata ) by oak spider mites ( oligonychus bicolor ) . oak …
recent news stories about giant hogweed have raised awareness of this nasty invader . yes , we have giant hogweed in …
when cotton blooms , it’s time to switch sampling and thresholds for plant bugs . this previous article covered management of …
we received a confirmed report of basil downy mildew in north carolina . growers are advised to actively scout for …
corn is susceptible to damage at three stages ( roughly ) : v1 to v6 , v14 to vt and r1 to r4 . …
nc state extension is the largest outreach program at nc state university . based in the college of agriculture and life sciences , we reach millions of north carolina citizens each year through local centers in the state ' s 100 counties and with the eastern band of cherokee indians .
we have several topic based e - mail newsletters that are sent out periodically when we have new information to share . want to see which lists are available ?
integrated pest management ( ipm ) is a sustainable approach to managing pests that combines multiple approaches including prevention , avoidance , pest monitoring and suppression in a manner that minimizes public health , economic , and environmental risk . ipm serves as a framework to provide an effective , comprehensive , low - risk approach to protect people and resources from pests .
ultimately , the goal with an ipm program is to help stakeholders deal with pests—insects , plant diseases , weeds , and more—with methods that reduce risks to public health and the environmental while saving money .
the north carolina extension ipm program serves as a focal point for team building , communication and stakeholder participation in integrated pest management ( ipm ) within the state . program goals include promoting effective and economical management of pests , reducing risks to human health from pests and pest management practices , and minimizing environmental effects through the adoption of ipm on a variety of crops and settings in north carolina . these goals are achieved by the timely delivery of ipm technology and research information to stakeholders in all regions of the state .
leadership of the extension ipm program in north carolina is provided by an ipm coordinator ( designated by the director of the north carolina cooperative extension service ) , an established advisory board , and working groups . dr . danesha seth carley , the current ipm coordinator , accepted the nc ipm coordinator position in 2013 .
the extension ipm coordinator involves faculty and staff from north carolina state university and north carolina a & t state university in ipm activities across the state , communicates program successes , and maintains stakeholder input via the advisory board and the ipm portal , as well as multiple training sessions and meetings .
the advisory board provides advice to the extension ipm coordinator regarding the direction of the ipm program in the state . it is composed of a wide variety of ipm stakeholders , including north carolina state university and north carolina a & t state university faculty , non - governmental agencies , environmentalists , north carolina department of agriculture & consumer services personnel , farmers and agricultural consultants .
the north carolina extension ipm program focuses on delivering ipm content to our stakeholders and community members through a variety of activities . the primary activities include information delivery , pest monitoring and data managment , evaluation and needs assessment tools development , and programs to magnify statewide ipm impacts .
the extension ipm program is a cooperative effort of the usda nifa , north carolina cooperative extension service , north carolina state university , and north carolina a & t state university . it also works in partnership with the southern ipm center , located at north carolina state university in raleigh , and acts to promote ipm in north carolina and the southern united states .
funding for the north carolina extension ipm program is provided by competitive grants from the u . s . department of agriculture’s national institute of food and agriculture ( nifa ) .
nc state university and n . c . a & t state university work in tandem , along with federal , state and local governments , to form a strategic partnership called n . c . cooperative extension , which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the eastern band of cherokee indians .
nc state university and n . c . a & t state university are collectively committed to positive action to secure equal opportunity and prohibit discrimination and harassment regardless of race , color , national origin , religion , political beliefs , family and marital status , sex , age , veteran status , sexual identity , sexual orientation , genetic information , or disability .
adult rose chafers feed primarily on flower blossoms , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes .
rose chafers also feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs and other plants , such as rose , grape , apple , cherry and birch .
they damage leaves by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing .
it has short antennae that have a series of flat plate - or page - like segments .
adult beetles are seen coming out of the ground in late may and early june .
they feed on plants for three or four weeks , generally until late june .
two to three weeks later , the eggs hatch into small , white grub‑like larvae which feed on the roots of grasses and weeds .
plants located on sandy sites are have more chances of being attacked as rose chafers prefer sandy soil to lay eggs .
adult beetles damage leaves and the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants .
rose chafers contain a toxin and can be deadly to birds ( including chickens and small animals ) when they eat these beetles .
protecting plants from rose chafers can be challenging , especially when large numbers are present .
check for rose chafers in your garden starting in late may , especially if you have a history of rose chafer infestations .
when small numbers are present , pick rose chafers from plants and drop into pails of soapy water to kill them .
you can also use a physical barrier , like a cheesecloth or floating row cover .
place the barriers around the plants just as rose chafers become active and take them down after the rose chafers are done feeding ( after june ) .
if large numbers of rose chafers are present , you can treat plants with a garden pesticide . you may need to treat plants more than once when rose chafers are numerous .
you can find the common name for a pesticide by looking under active ingredients . look closely as this is usually in small print .
examples of common names of active ingredients include : bifenthrin , esfenvalerate , cyfluthrin , imidacloprid , permethrin and carbaryl .
caution : mention of a pesticide or use of a pesticide label is for educational purposes only . always follow the pesticide label directions attached to the pesticide container you are using . remember , the label is the law .
be sure that the fruit / vegetable you wish to treat is listed on the label of the pesticide you intend to use . also be sure to observe the number of days between pesticide application and when you can harvest your crop .
these diagnostic tools will guide you step - by - step through diagnosing a plant problem or identifying a weed or insect .
university of minnesota extension discovers science - based solutions , delivers practical education , and engages minnesotans to build a better future .
regents of the university of minnesota . all rights reserved . the university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer .
( fabricius ) and is found from eastern canada south to colorado . the second species is the western rose chafer ,
horn and it occurs in arizona , new mexico , texas and south into central mexico . both species are very similar in size , body shape , and habits . control measures for one species should also apply to the other .
( fabricius ) , is a tan , long - legged slender beetle from 8 - 12 mm long . the rose chafers damage plants by feeding on the flowers , newly set fruit and foliage . on roses it skeletonizes the leaves in the same way as other scarab beetles like the japanese beetle , chinese rose beetle , and the serica garden beetle . it feeds on on the foliage of many different plants and it is greatly attracted by flowers . on june 27 , 1997 i observed numerous beetles on milkweed flowers in an area near galesville , wi . i also swept this beetle from the blooms and foliage of several plants in the area . the rose chafer is native to the northeast from eastern canada south to colorado . i have seen samples from fenton , mi and galesville , wi .
adult beetles emerge from the soil in late may through early june and and they live for about one month . mating occurs soon after emergence and the females lays her 24 - 36 eggs continuoulsy for about two weeks in the soil in grassy sandy areas . upon hatching the larvae burrow in the soil and feed on the roots of grasses and weeds . the overwinter as a larvae and continues development in the spring . the full grown larva or grub is white and measures up to 18 mm in length . pupation occurs in the spring . the rose chafer has only one generation per year .
scouting or monitoring for the presence of rose chafers is very important for adequate control . rose chafers are most prevalent in areas with sandy soil . adults readily attracted to many types of flowers and feed on the foliage many plants . the larvae or white grubs feed on the roots of grasses and many cultivated and wild plants . from late may through july , the foliage should be inspected for skeletonized leaves and the presence of adult beetles on the leaves and flowers .
rose chafers can be handpicked and destroyed if the infestations are light . rose chafers can be very numerous especially in areas with sandy soils . in these cases insecticides may not give satisfactory control as rose chafers can move in from surrounding untreated areas or the insecticides do not seem to prevent feeding activity for very long . however , after about 2 - 3 weeks of heavy damage the beetle numbers appear to subside . insecticides used in the control of rose chafers include carbaryl ( sevin ) , acephate ( orthene ) , diazinon , and chlorpyrifos ( dursban ) , tempo , talstar , mavrik , rotenone , etc .
it was interesting to read that birds sometimes die from eating adult rose chafers . the beetles apparently have a chemical that affects the heart of small , warm - blooded animals .
horn occurs primarily in arizona and new mexico south into mexico . it resembles the rose chafer and its damage is similar . it is 10mm long and the body is rather slender , long - legged , and yellowish brown in color . its pubescence is longer and denser than that of the rose chafer . i have collected numerous beetles in southern arizona and central mexico feeding on many kinds of plants .
essig , e . o . 1926 . insects of western north america . the macmillan company , ny , p . 445 .
johnson , warren t . and howard h . lyon . 1988 . insects that feed on trees and shrubs , 2nd edition , cornell university press , ithaca , ny . , pp . 236 - 37 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
these systems aim to suppress pest populations below a predetermined economic injury level ( eil ) .
ipm extends the concept of integrated control to all classes of pests including plant pathogens , insects , and weeds .
it also allows for safer pest control and is expanded to include all control tactics such as pesticides , host - plant resistance , and cultural manipulations .
the ohio grape ipm program will provide information and resources for managing diseases , insects , and weeds . it is a comprehensive program designed to encourage collaboration among ohio agricultural research and development center ( oardc ) scientists with different specializations to better address the pest management needs of the grape industry .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
very similar to and hard to distinguish from m . angustatus , with which it used to be considered synonymous
suspect ( art evans , pers . comm . to = v = 5 . iv . 2011 )
adults emerge in early summer and feed on flowers , some leaves . they live for up to 6 weeks . mating occurs on food sources . eggs are laid deep ( 13 - 15 cm ! ) in soil and hatch in one to three weeks . larvae feed on roots and overwinter deep in soil . pupation in early spring in the soil , just under the surface .
the beetles of northeastern north america , vol . 1 and 2 . downie , n . m . , and r . h . arnett . 1996 . the sandhill crane press , gainesville , fl .
scarab beetles ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) of south carolina phillip j . harpootlian . 2001 . clemson university public service .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
the information below is based on images submitted and identified by contributors . range and date information may be incomplete , overinclusive , or just plain wrong .
hover over black occurrence boxes to see number of images submitted . log in to make states , months and boxes clickable .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
research support , u . s . gov ' t , non - p . h . s .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
n common north american beetle : larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e . g . rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
whether you ' re a student , an educator , or a lifelong learner , urltoken can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement .
don ' t have an account yet ? sign up . it ' s free and takes five seconds .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
- common north american beetle : larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e . g . rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
all content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .
detailing the physical features , habits , territorial reach and other identifying qualities of the rose chafer .
rose chafers love to congregate on their namesake and chip away at a rose bush ' s health , eating its blooms and leaves . .
antennae : beetles have a pair of antennae on the head used as sensors .
head : the head is home to the insect ' s eyes , antennae , and mandibles ( jaws ) .
thorax : holds the three pairs of legs as well as vital internal organs .
elytron : one of two wing cases on a beetle that protects its wings ( plural : elytra ) .
legs : beetles have three pairs of legs located at the thorax , numbering six legs in all .
an insect ' s reach is not limited by lines drawn on a map and therefore species may appear in areas , regions and / or states beyond those listed below as they are driven by environmental factors ( such as climate change ) , available food supplies and mating patterns . grayed - out selections below indicate that the subject in question has not been reported in that particular territory . u . s . states and canadian provinces / territories are clickable to their respective bug listings .
the map below showcases ( in red ) the states and territories of north america where the rose chafer may be found ( but is not limited to ) . this sort of data can be useful in seeing concentrations of a particular species over the continent as well as revealing possible migratory patterns over a species ' given lifespan . some species are naturally confined by environment , weather , mating habits , food resources and the like while others see widespread expansion across most , or all , of north america .
it is important to identify the type of grub in your lawn before treating . it is usually necessary to consult an expect for grub identification . adults are pictured to help with beetle identification . keep in mind , however , that adults do not always stay in the same area as the larvae .
early indications of grub infestation are irregular patches of dry grass , flocking birds , or areas of turf being torn up by raccoons , possums and skunks looking for a tasty treat .
if grubs have been eating the root system , patches of turf will come up easily from the soil surface , like pulling up a corner of carpeting , and the soil will be full of grubs .
it is important to identify the type of grub in your lawn . above , left to right : japanese beetle , european chafer and june beetle larvae .
japanese beetle larvae are typical white grubs that are c - shaped when disturbed . first instar larvae are about 1 / 16 inch long while the mature third instars are about 1 - 1 / 4 inch long .
adult japanese beetles are 7 / 16 - inch long metallic green beetles with copper - brown wing covers . a row of white tufts ( spots ) of hair project from under the wing covers on each side of the body .
effective biocontrol of japanese beetles includes winsome fly istocheta ( = hyperecteina ) aldrichi . adult beetles with eggs on the pronotum , like the one pictured , should not be destroyed .
european chafer larvae are typical c - shaped white grubs , reaching a maximum size of 1 / 4 inch wide and 1 inch long .
european chafer adults are 1 / 2 inch long . males and females are a uniform tan or light brown color .
grubs are whitish with brown heads and range from 1 / 2 to 1 inch in length . these are the largest grubs found in turf .
all species of phyllophaga are called may or june beetles . adults are about 1 inch long and a chestnut brown color and fly to lights in the early summer .
oriental beetle grubs cause considerable damage to turf grasses and nursery plants . they eat and destroy the roots of the grass and are found in nursery stock , strawberry beds and some outside potted plants .
oriental beetle adults are about 7 / 16 inch . they vary in color from light brown to black , often with darker mottling on the wing covers .
rose chafer larvae have a brown head and conspicuous legs . fully grown , a rose chafer larva is about 3 / 4 - inch long . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants . they do not cause damage to home lawns or landscape plants .
rose chafers are scarab beetles approximately 3 / 8 inch long , slender , and light tan in color . they contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds , including chickens , and small animals .
rose chafers are generally found in areas with sandy soil . adults feed on rose flowers and foliage , skeletonizing leaves .
asiatic garden beetle larvae has a brown head capsule and six legs . it has three instars .
asiatic garden beetles are less than one - half inch long . they are cinnamon in color and have an iridescent sheen in the sunlight . they are attracted to porch lights on summer nights and feed at night , chewing irregular holes in many different plants . during the day , they rest in the soil .
( japanese beetle larvae ) jim baker , north carolina state university , bugwood . org ;
clemson university - usda cooperative extension slide series , bugwood . org ; ( rose chafer adults on leaf ) university of wisconsin entomology ; ( asiatic garden beetle larvae ) msu ipm resources ; ( asiatic garden beetle adult )
it is the policy of the state of maine to minimize reliance on pesticides . the maine department of agriculture and the maine ipm council encourage everyone to practice integrated pest management and to use pesticides only as a last resort . the mention of pesticides in the fact sheets linked to these pages does not imply an endorsement of any product . be sure that any product used is currently registered and follow all label directions .
adult rose chafers feed primarily on flower blossoms , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes . they damage fruits , particularly grape , raspberry , and strawberry . they also feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs and other plants , such as rose , grape , apple , cherry , and birch , typically damaging leaves by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing .
they contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds , including chickens , and small animals . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants ; they do not cause damage to home lawns or landscape plants .
rose chafer larvae have a brown head and conspicuous legs . fully grown , a rose chafer larvae is about 3 / 4 - inch long .
rose chafers are scarab beetles approximately 3 / 8 inch long , slender , and light tan in color .
clemson university - usda cooperative extension slide series , bugwood . org ; ( rose chafer adults on leaf ) university of wisconsin entomology
h . e . hummel and t . a . miller ( eds . ) . techniques in pheromone research . springer - verlag , new york .
, jr . 1984 . wind tunnels in pheromone research , pp . 75 - 110 ,
smith and lawrence to stereoisomers of 8 - methyl - 2 - decyl propanoate under laboratory conditions .
( l . ) ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) to female volatiles in a flight tunnel .
1994 . sex pheromone responses of the oriental beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) .
1990 . effect of light exposure and carbohydrate content of snap bean leaves on chinese rose beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) feeding .
( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) : response to synthetic sex attractant plus phenethy proprionate : eugenol .
1994 . the influence of climatic factors on the flight activity of the japanese beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) : implications for use of a microbial control agent .
: a superior attractant , phenylethyl propionate + eugenol + geraniol , 3 : 7 : 3 .
1978 . sustained - flight tunnel for measuring insect responses to wind - borne sex pheromones .
1995 . bioassay approaches to assessing behavioral responses of plum curculio adults ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) to host fruit odor .
( coleoptera : chrysomelidae ) to corn silks and analysis of the host - finding response .
1977 . identification of the female japanese beetle sex pheromone : inhibition of male response by an enantiomer .
1999 . turfgrass insects of the united states and canada . comstock pub . associates , ithaca , new york .
1990 . tansley review no . 27 . the control of carbon partitioning in plants .
1989 . systat : the system for statistics . systat , evanston , illinois .
( f . ) , containing alpha - ionone . united states department of agriculture , patent 5 , 202 , 124 ; april 13 .
heath , j . j . , williams , r . n . & phelan , p . l . j chem ecol ( 2001 ) 27 : 419 . urltoken
michigan state university extension helps people improve their lives by bringing the vast knowledge resources of msu directly to individuals , communities and businesses .
rose chafers can quickly damage vines . to better manage this pest , know the biology and lifecycle , and available options for control .
the rose chafer is a light - tan beetle with a darker - brown head and long , spiny legs . it is about 0 . 5 inches long . the adult beetles have only one generation per season with emergence from the soil starting in late may and june , and with the beetles living for up to a month . while grapes are a preferred host , there are also many other plants it will feed on including roses , strawberries , peaches , cherries , apples , raspberries , blackberries , clovers , hollyhocks , corn , beans , beet , peppers , cabbage , peonies and many more plants , trees and shrubs .
this vineyard pest is distributed throughout the eastern united states with greatest abundance in areas with sandy soils and grass . this is because the female beetle , once mated , selects grassy and sandy areas for laying her eggs . those eggs hatch into larvae that feed on grass roots through the summer , moving down away from the frost line during the winter . in spring they feed again , pupate , and then emerge in late may and june . emergence of adult beetles typically coincides with bloom of grapevines . the beetle’s ability to skeletonize leaves until only the midribs are left , and consume the young tender clusters , makes it an economically - significant pest of grape production
as mentioned above , rose chafer beetles are attracted to sandy and grassy areas during their egglaying period . it may not be feasible , but if areas that are obvious sources of the beetle can be changed into a non - grass cover crop or can be fallow for the period of late may until early june , this might force the beetles to seek egglaying sites elsewhere . small numbers of beetles can also be hand - removed and placed into soapy water if you have a small enough vineyard that this manual control is possible .
for chemical control , there are a number of options to consider . assail , sevin and danitol are all ranked as providing excellent control of this pest . these have some different properties with the neonicotinoid insecticide assail providing protection due to it knocking down the beetles and also because it is a systemic insecticide that is taken into the vine making it resistant to wash - off and providing good residual activity .
in a 2003 msu research trial in leelanau county , we found that assail provided longer control than sevin . the carbamate insecticide sevin and the pyrethroid insecticide danitol both have contact activity against rose chafers , providing knockdown of the beetles on contact and with sevin also having some activity as a stomach poison after being eaten by the beetles .
additional broad spectrum insecticides such as the pyrethroids baythroid and mustang max are expected to also have good activity , as is the organophosphate imidan . under the high spring temperatures we have been having recently , the residual control of pyrethroids is expected to be shorter than under cool conditions . however , we also expect there to be a shorter period of rose chafer activity during hot conditions , allowing for a shorter period needed for vine protection against this pest .
the timing of rose chafer activity also can overlap with early season grape berry moth activity and early potato leafhopper infestation . the insecticides mentioned above will also provide some control of these other insect pests at the same time .
this article was published by michigan state university extension . for more information , visit urltoken . to have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox , visit urltoken / newsletters . to contact an expert in your area , visit urltoken , or call 888 - msue4mi ( 888 - 678 - 3464 ) .
june 7 , 2018 | john wise | precipitation can impact the performance of insecticides on fruit crops , but some compounds resist wash - off .
may 8 , 2018 | heidi lindberg | the new respirator requirements for the updated worker protection standard requires growers complete a respirator fit test annually .
may 8 , 2018 | heidi lindberg | as of january 2018 , three requirements were added to the worker protection standard .
may 1 , 2018 | rufus isaacs | with fruit crop bloom season kicking in , it’s a good time to review these recommendations .
april 30 , 2018 | john wise | there are many options available for mite control in fruit crops in this 2018 update .
physical removal and destruction of this insect pest can manage the population when only a few beetles are present ; however , when greater than two beetles per vine are seen during vineyard monitoring , a chemical spray is recommended . intensive baited trapping of the beetles over multiple years has shown to reduce populations to below threshold levels . an insecticide application in addition to trapping may be needed when populations are high . chemical applications should continue through the first or second post - bloom spray when pressure is severe . refer to a grape pest management guide ( see recommended links ) for insecticide specifics and efficacies . cultivation between rows to destroy the larvae may reduce the population but will not provide sufficient control of the pest . rose chafers contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds ( including chickens ) and small animals if the beetle is ingested .
the rose chafer is a light tan beetle with a dark brown head , about 12 mm ( ½ inch ) long and has one generation a year . larvae ( c - shaped grubs ) overwinter underground in the soil . they move closer to the surface and begin to feed on grass roots until they pupate in the spring . adults emerge during late may or june in most areas , around grape bloom , and congregate on plants to mate and feed . the females lay eggs just below the ground surface . they prefer grassy areas of sandy , well - drained soil . the adults live for three to four weeks after emergence . the eggs hatch into small , white grub - like larvae , which feed on roots of grass , weeds , grains , and other plants throughout the summer . they move down in the soil as the temperatures decline , where they will overwinter until the next growing season .
eviticulture and the grape community of practice are funded by the nifa - usda specialty crops research initiative ( scri ) and extension .
this work is supported by the usda national institute of food and agriculture , new technologies for ag extension project .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
rose chafers are commonly found in many areas , particularly those with sandy soil . they are pests on many different types of flowers , fruits , trees and shrubs but they are especially damaging to young , developing rosebuds , grapes and cherries .
an adult rose chafer is a moderate - sized beetle , 1 / 3 to 3 / 4 - inch ( 8 to 19 mm ) long , with wing covers having small yellowish hairs . it ' s slender and can be pale green to tan in color with reddish - brown or orangish spiny legs , and the body is black on the underside . larvae are small white grubs with a brown head that are found in the soil .
rose chafer larvae overwinter in the soil and pupate in the spring . adults emerge in late may to early june . because the rose chafer prefers sandy soil to lay eggs , plants located on sandy sites are most likely to be attacked . adult beetles feed on plants for three or four weeks , generally until late june . females lay eggs in groups of 6 to 25 in the soil among the weeds and grasses until early july , and then die shortly afterwards . eggs hatch in about two weeks , and larvae feed on the roots until fall , then burrow deeper into the soil to spend the winter in the soil below the frost line . they pupate the following spring and then emerge as adults . there is one generation a year .
rose chafer feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs , also blackberry , grape , raspberry , strawberry , and tree fruit such as apple , and cherry . also garden vegetables , and ornamentals : birch , dahlia , hollyhock , iris , peony , poppy and rose .
adult rose chafers chew on flowers , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing . they also chew on leaves , and fruits , but are usually damaging only when exceptionally numerous . damage is more severe in areas with sandy soil . larvae feed on roots of grass and weeds doing little noticeable damage .
prevention : gardeners should regularly monitor their gardens starting in late may , especially if you have a history of rose chafer infestations . cover smaller plants with floating row covers until july control : 1 . cultivation destroys eggs and pupae in the soil . it is especially effective against pupae if cultivating is continued into early june 2 . if large numbers of chafers are around , drench the soil with insect parasitic nematodes to kill the larvae . 2 . when small numbers are present , hand pick to remove rose chafers . put them into pails of soapy water to kill them . because rose chafers are good fliers , more can fly into your garden and you will need to check your plants routinely for any additional rose chafers .
if you love fruit tress like apples , peaches , pears and plums , but don ' t have the room , plant a dwarf variety . most grow from 3 feet to 8 feet . they product tons of fruit and are easier to harvest because they are low to the ground .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
and the life cycle is similar . rose chafer was first reported as a grape pest as early as 1810 , later extending its host range to include a wide assortment of host plants . grape remains among the most severely injured crops . larvae overwinter in soil , resuming development in the spring . adults emerge in late may or early june , near the time of grape bloom . these are tan , long - legged beetles about 12 mm long . mating and egg laying occur continuously for about two weeks with each female depositing 24 to 36 eggs . the average life span of the adult is about three weeks , when they feed on blossoms , newly set fruit and leaves . in about two weeks , eggs hatch and larvae begin feeding on grass roots . this pest is more common in areas with light sandy soils . there is one generation per year .
control is seldom needed for this pest , but vigilance should be maintained early in the season in case of high numbers . in severe cases , blossom buds are often completely destroyed , resulting in little or no grape production . population levels vary from year to year . petal - fall sprays for grape berry moth will also control rose chafers .
this is taken primarily from an extension bulletin by d . g . pfeiffer & p . b . schultz , entitled
major insect and mite pests of grape in virginia
( va . coop . ext . serv . 444 - 567 ( 1986 ) )
rose chafer adults attack grapes at bloom as they emerge from the soil . not only do they destroy the fruit at blossom , in addition , they frequently skeletonize the leaves , leaving only the large veins intact ( see figure 22 . 21 ) .
females deposit eggs below the soil surface and soon after hatch into tiny , white , grubs . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and weeds throughout the summer becoming fully developed by fall .
scouting for rose chafer within the vineyard should begin when newly emerged adults may be found feeding primarily on newly formed blossom buds .
cultivating between rows may be effective in destroying a good number of chafers since the pupal stage is extremely vulnerable to disturbance .
assail ( acetamiprid ) , sevin ( carbaryl ) , imidan ( phosmet ) , and danitol ( fenpropathrin ) are all ranked as providing excellent control of this pest .
treatment with an insecticide should be when the first newly emerged beetles are detected in adequate numbers .
click on the following topics for more information on managing vineyard insect and mite pests .
no part of this content or the data or information included therein may be reproduced , republished or redistributed without the prior written consent of apex publishers . use of this site is governed by our copyright policy , terms of use agreement and privacy policy .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
thrips ( several species including the flower thrips , western flower thrips ) ( univ . of california site )
root weevils ( otiorhynchus spp . , polydrusus spp . ) ( univ . of california site )
kovach , j . , w . wilcox , a . agnello an m . pritts . 1993 . strawberry ipm scouting procedures . cornell univ . n . y . state ipm program . publ . no . 203b . 33p .
a . refer to refer to handout on
insects and mites associated with small fruits in the u . s .
anon . 1972 . strawberry insects : how to control them . usda farm . bull . 2184 . 17 p .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987a . a binomial sequential decision plan for control of two - spotted spider mite on strawberries in canterbury . n . z . j . exp . agric . 15 : 371 - 374 .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987b . population dynamics of two - spotted spider mites in multiple year strawberry crops in canterbury . n . z . j . zool . 14 : 509 - 517 .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987c . the relationship between two - spotted spider mite and strawberry yield in canterbury . n . z . j . exp . agric . 15 : 367 - 370 .
chagnon , m . , j . gingras & d . deoliveira . 1991 . honey bee ( hymenoptera : apidae ) foraging behavior and raspberry pollination . j . econ . entomol . 84 : 457 - 460 .
cooley , d . r . & s . g . schloemann . 1990 . development and implementation of a strawberry ipm program . 1990 reg . ext . fruit school . middleway wv . oct . 30 - nov . 1 .
davidson , r . h . & w . f . lyon . 1979 . insect pests of farm , garden , and orchard . wiley , n . y . 596 p .
english - loeb , g . , m . pritts , j . kovach , r . rieckenberg and m . j . kelly . 1999 . compensatory ability of strawberries to bud and flower removal : implications for managing the strawberry bud weevil . j . econ . entomol . 92 : 915 - 921 .
hansen , r . w . & e . a . osgood . 1983 . insects visiting flowers of wild red raspberry in spruce - fir forested areas of eastern maine . entomol . news 94 : 147 - 151 .
johnson , d . t . & r . l mayes . 1986 . biology and control of the rednecked cane borer . arkansas farm res . 35 ( 3 ) : 6 .
mailloux , g . & n . j . bostanian . 1988 . economic injury level model for tarnished plant bug , lygus lineolaris ( palisot de beauvois ) ( hemiptera : mirideae ) , in strawberry fields . environ . entomol . 17 : 581 - 586 .
mcgregor , s . e . 1976 . insect pollination of cultivated crop plants . usda - ars agric . handbk . 496 . 411 p . miller , j . c . , p . e . hanson & r . v . dowell . 1987 . the potential of gypsy moth as a pest of fruit and nut crops . calif . agric . nov . - dec . 87 : 10 - 12 .
pennsylvania . 1991 . small fruit and pest management guide 1991 - 1992 . penn . state coll . agric .
price , j . f . & j . b . kring . 1991 . response of twospotted spider mite , tetranychus urticae koch , and fruit yield to new miticides and their use patterns in strawberries . j . agric . entomol . 8 : 83 - 91 .
raine , j . 1962 . life history and behaviour of the raspberry crown borer bembecia marginata ( harr . ) ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . can . entomol . 94 : 1212 - 1222 .
schaefers , g . a . 1964 . control of the strawberry leaf roller , ancylis comptana fragariae ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . j . econ . entomol . 57 : 983 - 986 .
schaefers , g . a . 1981 . pest management systems for strawberry insects . p . 377 - 393 . in : d . pimentel ( ed . ) . crc handbook of pest management in agriculutre . vol . iii . crc press , boca raton fl . 656 p .
schloemann , s . g . & d . r . cooley . 1988 . the initiation of a new ipm program in strawberries in massachusetts . p . 67 - 81 . in : proc . new engladnd small fruit school . jan . 5 , 1988 .
stuart , l . c . , b . a . butt & f . takeda . 1986 . leaf curl of eastern thornless blackberry caused by blackberry psyllid , trioza tripunctata fitch . proc . 62nd cumberland - shenandoah fruit workers conf . , harpers ferry wv . nov . 20 - 21 .
waite , g . k . 1988 . integrated control of tetranychus urticae in strawberries in south - east queensland . exp . appl . acarol . 5 : 23 - 32 .
williams , r . n . 1977 . sap beetles on raspberries and strawberries . pest management tips . fruit insect pests no . 2 . 2 p .
williams , r . n . , m . j . weiss , k . v . miller & j . j . werner . 1984 . a summary of experiments for control of sap beetles which attack fruit crops . oardc res . circ . 283 : 66 - 68 .
zajac , m . a . & m . c . wilson . 1984 . the effects of nymphal feeding by the meadow spittlebug , philaenus spumarius ( l . ) on strawberry yield and quality . crop protect . 3 : 167 - 175 .
by : stan v . griep , american rose society consulting master rosarian – rocky mountain district
the rose chafer and the japanese beetle are both true villains of the rose bed . both appear to have the same habits and life cycles , going from eggs laid in the ground by the mature female beetles , hatching out to larvae / grubs in the ground and maturing to beetles that attack plants and blooms without mercy . read on for more rose chafer facts and control info .
the adult rose chafer’s main diet is flower blossoms , especially those of peonies and roses . the damage they do to the blooms can be devastating . rose chafer damage can be recognized by the large irregularly shaped holes all over the flowers , ruining the beauty of the blooms completely .
these bad guy beetles also include some fruits in their diet , seeming to prefer the raspberry , grape and strawberry . they will also feed upon the foliage of many trees and shrubs , such as apple trees , cherry trees and birch trees . this rose chafer damage is created by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins and results in what is known as “skeletonizing” of the leaves .
treating rose chafers is important , not only for the health of your rose and other susceptible ornamentals , but for wildlife too . the rose chafer contains a toxin within its body chemistry that can be deadly to birds , including chickens . the same toxin can be deadly to other small animals when they eat these beetles .
as a part of keeping an eye on things in our gardens and rose beds , we need to keep an eye out for the rose chafers starting around late may ( early spring ) , especially if there is a history of having rose chafer problems in the area or in our own gardens and rose beds . many gardeners feel there is little difference between the rose chafer and the japanese beetle , as attempting to protect our plants and rose bushes from them is a daunting task , especially when there are large numbers of them !