before recent tests failed to establish that the jaguar was divided into different subspecies , it was presumed that different subspecies existed north and south of the amazon river , such as panthera onca onca north of the river , and panthera onca palustris south of the river .

eventually , it was reckoned that geographical barriers , such as the amazon river or the andes mountains , limited the flow of genes between jaguars , if not restricting them to be different subspecies .

southern jaguars disappeared in a number of places , like the pampas ' part of argentina and uruguay .

jaguars south of the amazon river

1 . jaguars are the largest of south america’s big cats and the third largest cats in the world .
the amazon river is home to many different species of animals , including the elusive jaguar , the largest member of the cat family living in the americas . the species predominantly sticks to the rainforests of latin america , especially around the amazon river basin , but they were once found all across south and central america .
2 . at one time jaguars roamed all the way to the us - mexico border , but jaguars are now only occasionally sighted in texas and arizona . most jaguars are found in the amazon river basin .
jaguars are the largest of south america ' s big cats . they once roamed from the southern tip of that continent north to the region surrounding the u . s . - mexico border . today significant numbers of jaguars are found only in remote regions of south and central america—particularly in the amazon basin .
you could once find jaguars all the way from the south - western usa down to the scrublands of central argentina . now they’re mainly confined to the rainforests of the amazon basin , and in the nearby pantanal wetlands – less than half of their historic range .
the amazon river basin , also known as the amazon rain forest , covers almost three million square miles and overlaps the boundaries of nine countries : brazil , colombia , peru , venezuela , ecuador , bolivia , guyana , suriname , and french guiana . by some estimates , this region ( which occupies 40 percent of the area of the south american continent ) is home to one - tenth of the world ' s animal species . on the following slides , you ' ll discover the most important animals of the amazon river basin , ranging from monkeys to anteaters to poison dart frogs .
a symbol of the enigmatic power of the amazon , the jaguar is the largest cat in the americas . jaguars have unusually large , round heads , short legs and a stunning coat dotted with dark rosettes and spots .
jaguars are found on the american continents ; they live in texas , in the cerro colorado mountains in arizona , the southern part of california , and new mexico , in the united states , and are found in rain forests in central and south america . the largest known population exists in the amazon rain forests . black jaguars live in south america . jaguars are also found in africa and asia . until the 1900s , they also roamed the yukon , southern united states to uruguay , and iceland .
few jaguars are ever even glimpsed in their natural habitat ; however , they do surround areas of the pacaya - samiria reserve , where guests travel on international expeditions’ amazon river cruises . jaguars are excellent swimmers , and the river provides a great source of food — from fish to turtles to caimans . they also feast on larger creatures like deer and capybaras ( large rodents about as big as medium - sized dogs ) . jaguars have been known to climb trees to attack their prey from above , so visitors should be sure to keep an eye on the rainforest canopy on their amazon river cruises .
the entire area is characterized by an abundance of poorly - drained heavy mottled clay soils . this type of várzea is different from the seasonal várzea of the middle and upper amazon floodplains , which are inundated annually by rivers swollen with rainwater . the floodwaters of the amazon river are laden with suspended mineral sediments that settle out onto the landscape when the water flow slows . this area is called
region of the islands
because of the intricate labyrinth of sedimentary islands and channels resulting from the constant tidal and fluvial action .
for me jaguars epitomise the mysterious beauty of the amazon . but conserving them is a challenge . jaguars need such big areas of forest , and things get difficult when people feel their livestock is threatened by these great hunters . i like to look at it the other way . if we can keep healthy numbers of jaguar in the amazon , we’ll be closer to protecting the rainforest as a whole . ”
this várzea ecoregion comprises the western half of marajó island , many smaller channel islands , and the surrounding mainland on both the north and south banks of the amazon . the ecoregion reaches west to the mouth of the xingú river where the amazon starts to widen its mouth . a small portion occurs in french guiana . the region also contains bits of both seasonally inundated floodplain forest and permanently inundated swamp forest ( igapó ) . this western half of the marajó island is constructed of recent sediments and hosts the estuarine ( tidal ) várzea forest . the eastern half of marajó island , on older tertiary sediments , is covered by flooded savanna ( campo ) and humid terra firme forest , the forest being fairly homogeneous and distinct from the inundated forest in the west .
the third - largest big cats after lions and tigers , jaguars have had a difficult time of it over the last century , as deforestation and human encroachment has restricted their range across south america . however , it ' s much harder to hunt a jaguar in the dense amazon river basin than out in the open pampas , so the impenetrable portions of the rain forest may be panthera onca ' s last , best hope . no one know for sure , but there are at least a few thousand jaguars preying on the megafauna of the amazon rain forest ; an apex predator itself , the jaguar has nothing to fear from its fellow animals ( except , of course , for human beings ) .
by protecting jaguars and the places where they live , we’re also helping to look after other wildlife – of which there are a lot of in the amazon and pantanal – as well as the people who live and work around there .
the status of the subspecies is unclear . although eight subspecies have been recognized ( seymour 1989 ) , morphological and genetic analyses do not support the existence of discrete subspecies ( larson 1997 , eizirik et al . 2001 , ruiz - garcia et al . 2006 ) . while not elevating the regional differences to the subspecies level , eizirk et al . ( 2001 ) found evidence for four incompletely isolated phylogeographic groups : mexico and guatemala , southern central america , northern south america , and south america south of the amazon river . similarly , ruiz - garcia et al . ( 2006 ) found that the andes mountains incompletely isolates jaguar populations in colombia .
so large that it ' s sometimes known as the ant bear , the giant anteater is equipped with a comically long snout—the better for poking into narrow insect burrows—and a long , bushy tail ; some individuals can approach 100 pounds in weight . like many of the plus - sized mammals of tropical south america , the giant anteater is severely endangered , although , as with many of the animals on this list , the vast , swampy , impenetrable amazon river basin affords the remaining population some level of protection from human encroachment ( not to mention an inexhaustible supply of tasty ants ) .
this forest ecoregion is located at the mouth of the amazon river in eastern brazil . islands are numerous throughout the region . this flooded area captures nutrient rich soils , which are carried down the river ; tidal activity floods the region twice daily . vegetation is shorter than surrounding areas , plant diversity is lower , and palms dominate . fauna diversity is richer ; avifauna is particularly rich with about 540 species .
for the latest travel trends and exciting discoveries . , visit our amazon travel news section .
the taxonomy is currently under review by the iucn ssc cat specialist group . while 32 subspecies have been classically described , on the basis of genetic analysis culver et al . ( 2000 ) suggest six subspecies as follows : p . c . cougar : north america p . c . costaricensis : central america p . c . capricornensis : eastern south america p . c . concolor : northern south america p . c . cabrerae : central south america p . c . puma : southern south america .
the mighty jaguar once roamed from argentina in south america all the way up to the grand canyon in arizona . today , jaguars have been almost completely eliminated from the united states and are endangered throughout their range , which stretches down to patagonia in south america . the jaguar makes its home in a wide - variety of habitats including deciduous forests , rainforests , swamps , pampas grasslands and mountain scrub areas .
jaguars are my favourite animal . they are awesome and i want to go to the amazon rainforest because that is where they live and there are lots of other cool animals there as well .
jaguars live alone and define territories of many square miles by marking with their waste or clawing trees .
description location and general description the marajó várzea is the inundated land in and around the mouth of the amazon river in eastern brazil . the huge river , having completed its 6 , 500 km journey , empties into the atlantic ocean here . the mouth contains numerous islands . the largest is ilha marajó at 48 , 000 km2 . other islands include ilha dos porcos , do pará , mututí , and uituquara . the amazon estuary is a dynamic lowland consisting of holocene ( less than10 , 000 years old ) sediments surrounded by slightly older tertiary deposits . flooding occurs across the landscape twice daily when the ocean tide pushes a large volume of river discharge onto the landscape to a height of 2 to 3 m . there are both low - lying tidal floodplain areas and slightly higher ( 2 to 3 m ) ground that is not normally flooded .
millions of years ago , during the pleistocene epoch , the rain forests of south america were home to giant , multi - ton sloths like megatherium . how things have changed : today , one of the most common sloths of the amazon river basin is the three - toed sloth , bradypus tridactylus , which is characterized by its greenish , algae - crusted fur , its ability to swim , its three toes ( of course ) , and its agonizing slowness—the average speed of this mammal has been clocked at about a tenth of a mile per hour . the three - toed sloth coexists with the two - toed sloth , genus choloepus , and these two animals will sometimes even share the same tree .
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also known as
water jaguars
and
river wolves ,
giant otters are the largest members of the mustelid family , and thus closely related to weasels . the males of this species can attain lengths of up to six feet and weights of up to 75 pounds , and both sexes are known for their thick , , glossy , shiny coats—which are so coveted by human hunters that there are only an estimated 5 , 000 or so giant otters left across the entire amazon river basin . unusually for mustelids ( but fortunately for poachers ) , the giant otter lives in extended social groups consisting of about half a dozen individuals .
the world ' s largest rodent , at up to 150 pounds , the capybara has a wide distribution across south america , but it especially likes the warm , humid environs of the amazon river basin . this mammal subsists on the rain forest ' s copious vegetation , including fruit , tree bark and aquatic plants , and has been known to congregate in herds of up to 100 members ( which should put your own pesky mouse problem into some perspective ) . the rain forest may be endangered , but the capybara isn ' t ; this rodent continues to thrive , despite the fact that it ' s a popular menu item in some south american villages .
the amazon rainforest is being destroyed at a terrifying rate . along with other consequences , this reduces the living space for jaguars and other important wildlife , and isolates populations , making them more vulnerable .
justification of ecoregion delineation this seasonally inundated ecoregion forms the delta and mouth of the solimões ( amazon ) river , the riverine island of marajó and surrounding islands , and extends northwards along the atlantic coastline . delineation’s follow the ibge ( 1993 ) classification of
alluvial vegetation
in the northern and eastern portion , and follows the confines on the solimões river and delta to the south and east . several outliers are also group under this classification to the nw according to historic vegetation coverage and follow the linework of the ibge ( 1993 ) classification for
secondary vegetation / agricultural activities
. portions in the north which abut to french guiana were verified according to granville ( 1979 ) . this ecoregion is distinct from all other surrounding vegetation by its seasonal inundation and subsequent species assemblages , and from other várzea by crystalline arc divisions which influence soil type ( daly and prance 1989 , da silva 1998 ) .
the original version of this assessment was published with an older version of the distribution map . this errata assessment uses the updated distribution map .
10 . from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail , a jaguar can be 240cm long .
the largest and most dangerous reptile of the amazon river basin , the black caiman ( which is technically a species of alligator ) can approach 20 feet in length and weigh up to half a ton . as the apex predators of their lush , humid ecosystem , black caimans will eat pretty much anything that moves , ranging from mammals to birds to their fellow reptiles . in the 1970 ' s , the black caiman was seriously endangered—targeted by humans for its meat and , especially , for its valuable leather—but its population has since rebounded , which the other animals of the amazon rain forest may not consider a positive development .
riverboats offer another way to see the amazon – chugging along the river , stopping for excursions , sleeping on board . the boats vary in creature comforts , from hammocks to deluxe berths , and trips typically last five to 10 days . reliable operators include amazon eco adventures ( urltoken ) , lo peix ( urltoken ) and swallows and amazons ( urltoken ) .
as a general rule , the more brightly colored a poison dart frog , the more powerful its venom—which is why the predators of the amazon river basin stay far away from iridescent green or orange species . these frogs don ' t manufacture their own venom , but collect it from the ants , mites and other insects that constitute their diet ( as evidenced by the fact that poison dart frogs kept in captivity , and fed other types of food , are much less dangerous ) . the
dart
part of this amphibian ' s name derives from the fact that indigenous tribes across south america dip their hunting darts in its venom .
in the tropical part of their range , jaguars seem to mate in any season . in other areas , they mate in the later part of the year . male and female jaguars live together only during the mating and pregnancy season . after a gestational period of 95 to 110 days , the female gives birth to one to four young cubs ; they usually have 2 cubs . new born jaguars weigh between 1 1 / 2 and 2 pounds ( . 7 and . 9 kilograms ) . the females reach sexual maturity at the age of 3 , the males at 4 ; both have a lifespan of about 20 years .
addressing livestock management and animals that prey on livestock is a high priority for conservation efforts in many jaguar range countries due to the impact of retaliatory killing of jaguars and other predators .
i think jaguars are cool because they are very fast runners and i like them .
one of the more comical - looking animals of the amazon river basin , the keel - billed toucan is distinguished by its enormous , multi - colored bill , which is actually much lighter than it appears at first glance ( the rest of this bird is comparatively muted in color , except for its yellow neck ) . unlike many of the animals on this list , the keel - billed toucan is far from endangered , hopping from tree branch to tree branch in small flocks of six to 12 individuals , the males dueling each other with their protruding schnozzes during mating season ( and presumably not inflicting a whole lot of damage ) .
jaguars are the top predators in their environment , so they play an important role in controlling the populations of other species . this helps keep a balance in the food chain , and a healthy environment .
we are playing a central role in driving sustainable practices and agriculture in the amazon to shift to a green economy .
when their natural prey is hunted or displaced , jaguars might look for other food sources , like domestic cattle . a lot of ranchers and farmers see jaguars as pests , and sometimes kill them to protect their incomes .
for most people , a week is a good amount of time to enjoy and experience the amazon . accounting for two to three days of travel and transfers , that leaves four to five days for excursions and activities . if you’ve got more than a week , consider splitting your time in different areas of the amazon rather than spending it all in one place .
jaguars are still hunted for their attractive fur . ranchers also kill them because the cats sometimes prey upon their livestock .
the canadian population was roughly estimated at 3 , 500 - 5 , 000 and the western us population at 10 , 000 in the early 1990s ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) . the population of central and south america is likely much higher , although it is unclear how abundant pumas are in the dense rainforest of the amazon basin ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) . the florida subpopulation , numbering 100 - 180 , is isolated , and has been supplemented by a reintroduction of pumas from texas ( sunquist and sunquist 2002 , florida fish and wildlife conservation commission 2014 ) . in brazil it is considered near threatened but subspecies outside the amazon basic are considered vulnerable ( machado
5 . jaguars live alone and mark their territory with their waste or by clawing trees .
as a top - level carnivore , the big cat helps prevent overgrazing of vegetation by keeping its prey populations in balance . jaguars are also important in human culture , frequently playing a central role in stories , songs and prayers of indigenous people . yet today , jaguars have been almost completely eliminated from the united states .
also known as the golden marmoset , the golden lion tamarin has suffered terribly from human encroachment : by some estimates , this new world monkey has lost a whopping 95 percent of south american habitat since the arrival of european settlers 600 years ago . the golden lion tamarin only weighs a couple of pounds , which makes its appearance all the more striking : a bushy main of reddish - brown hair surrounding a flat , dark - eyed face . ( the distinctive color of this primate likely derives from a combination of intense sunlight and an abundance of carotenoids , the proteins that make carrots orange , in its diet . )
may to june is a great time to visit , being midway between the rainiest months ( february to april ) and the hottest driest ones ( september to november ) . it’s also when the water level in the amazon river is highest and the surrounding forest is flooded . the amazon rises and falls by an amazing 12 to 15 meters annually , and few experiences are more sublime , or uniquely amazonian , than gliding silently in a canoe through the flooded forest . that said , the dry season is attractive for its clear weather and opportunities for long hikes .
at best , only an estimated 15 , 000 jaguars remain in the wild . bi - national conservation efforts have been successful at protecting a small population of 80 to 120 cats in the remote mountains of sonora , mexico bordering arizona . this population is the largest of three known to remain in sonora , and is the last hope for recovery in the united states .
our southwest team works to protect rare and threatened species like mexican wolves , jaguars and ocelots .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
the jaguar feeds on a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic animals ; it eats more then 80 different kinds of prey , one of which is cattle ( that is one reason why humans kill the jaguar ) . jaguars prey as well on sheep , and feed on rodents , peccaries , deer , birds , fish , armadillos , turtles , and crocodiles . in high grass or bushes , jaguars stalk or ambush their prey such as peccaries , capybaras , deer , and tapirs . in the forests , they hide in the trees to spring on birds and monkeys , or capture turtles on the river banks and fish from the water . on the plains , they prey on sheep and cattle . they eat almost any kind of animal including deer , their favorite food , fish , wild pigs , iguanas , turtles , capybaras and other kinds of rodents . jaguars rarely attack humans .
jaguars have been eliminated from most of the united states due to habitat loss , over hunting and killings to protect livestock . you can help save them » adopt a jaguar »
the jaguar is the third - largest living feline species , after the tiger and lion .
jaguars often live near lakes , rivers and wetlands , and prefer to avoid open forests and grasslands .
7 . jaguars are mammals . they are carnivores and eat a diet rich in meat and fish .
by working in partnership with businesses , we’re helping them use their influence for the good of the planet .
the following is a list of actions that a variety of jaguar range countries have put in place to enhance jaguar conservation .
current status the marajó várzea , because it lies at the mouth of the amazon’s
super highway ,
is a region greatly affected by human activities , both historically and in the present . both the natural habitat and native biodiversity of the marajó várzea have suffered severe degradation from large - scale agricultural , forestry , and ranching operations . there are no protected areas in this ecoregion .
these beautiful and powerful beasts were prominent in ancient native american cultures . in some traditions the jaguar god of the night was the formidable lord of the underworld . the name jaguar is derived from the native american word yaguar , which means “he who kills with one leap . ”
the geographic range of the puma is the largest of any terrestrial mammal in the western hemisphere ( sunquist and sunquist 2002 ) , from canada through the us , central and south america to the southern tip of chile . while the puma is an adaptable cat , being found in every major habitat type of the americas , including the high andes ( 5 , 800 m asl in southern peru ; sunquist and sunquist 2002 ) , it was eliminated from the entire eastern half of north america within 200 years following european colonization ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) . a remnant endangered supopulation persists in florida . recent confirmations and suitable habitat in the midwestern u . s . indicate attempts at recolonization ( larue and nielsen 2011 , larue et al . 2012 ) .
maintain national and regional population connectivity through the identification of corridors for jaguar movement between jcus and applying conservation actions in those corridors through the engagement of corridor stakeholders as in the development of a conservation action plan for the central belize corridor ( kay et al . 2015 ) ;
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
a common way to experience the amazon is at a ‘jungle lodge’ . most lodges feature private rooms , family - style meals and daily excursions , but amenities such as en suite bathrooms and 24 - hour electricity vary . many lodges include a chance to sleep in the forest , whether just a night at an established camp or hiking for two or three days on a ‘survival tour’ . near manaus , amazon antonio jungle tours and amazon gero tours ( urltoken ) have good lodges and reasonable rates . upscale options in the same area include juma lodge and anavilhanas lodge . and one of the best lodges in the entire amazon is uakari lodge ( urltoken ) in mamirauá reserve .
the ‘water governance observatory’ is & nbsp ; an evidence - based , participatory mechanism for continuous , independent assessment of the effectiveness of freshwater policy , management and water governance at the national level in brazil .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
the jaguar is the largest cat in the americas . the jaguar has a compact body , a broad head and powerful jaws . its coat is normally yellow and tan , but the color can vary from reddish brown to black . the spots on the coat are more solid and black on the head and neck and become larger rosette - shaped patterns along the side and back of the body .
most jaguars are tan or orange with distinctive black spots , dubbed
rosettes
because they are shaped like roses . some jaguars are so dark they appear to be spotless , though their markings can be seen on closer inspection .
the buriti palm mauritia flexuosa and other trees that produce large , fleshy or mealy fruits provide an important source of food for animals that graze on the river bank , such as gray brocket deer ( mazama gouazoubira ) , red brocket deer ( m . americana ) , and capybaras ( hydrochaeris hydrochaeris ) , the world’s largest rodents .
the jaguar is the largest and most powerful wild cat in the western hemispere . the jaguar is larger then the leopard . the jaguar ' s coat has different colors , but they are usually yellow - brownish with black spots , like leopards . some jaguars are even white . the jaguar ' s coat on its side and back is spotted with large black rosettes , each consisting of a circle of spots surrounding a central spot . the spots on its head , legs , and underside are solid black .
tree climbing and sport fishing are also popular in the amazon , and can be arranged as day trips or as part of a lodge or boat tour . for tree climbing , try tropical tree climbing ( urltoken ) or amazon tree climbing ( urltoken ) ; for sport fishing , try maia expeditions ( urltoken ) , all in manaus .
there are a handful of activities virtually every visitor to the amazon does . the most memorable are long hikes or canoe trips to enjoy and learn about the forest , and hopefully spot some wildlife . you may also visit the home of a local family , spend a night in the jungle , and do fun stuff like piranha fishing and cayman spotting . always confirm what activities are included in a tour before booking .
add tags for
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
.
daly , d . c . , and j . d . mitchell . 2000 . lowland vegetation of tropical south america . pages 391 - 453 in d . l . lentz , editor , imperfect balance : landscape transformations in the precolumbian americas . new york , columbia university press .
about 600 km downriver from manaus , the small town of alter do chão is the jumping - off point for boats trips along the rio tapajós ( a major tributary of the amazon ) , including fascinating visits with local rubber - tapper communities . alter do chão itself is famous for its white sand beach and bohemian air . mae natureza or areia branca ecotour ( urltoken ) offer recommended tours .
jaguars prefer wet lowland habitats , swampy savannas or tropical rain forests . their favorite habitat is in the tropical and subtropical forests . jaguars also live in forests and grasslands , living near rivers and lakes , in small caves , marshland , and under rock ledges ; they live in shrubby areas as well . jaguars like their homes to have very soft ground . they use materials such as leaves , rotten trees and other soft materials that they may find in the woods or in the rain forest . jaguars would prefer to live alone , and don ' t like other animals to come near their den , as it is a territorial area for the jaguar .
this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
with habitat fragmentation a major threat , and taxonomic research suggesting little significant differences among jaguar populations , an ambitious program has been launched to conserve a continuous north to south habitat corridor through the species range ( rabinowitz and zeller 2010 ) .
ducke , a . , and g . a . black . 1953 . phytogeographical notes on the brazilian amazon . anais da academia brasileira de ciências 25 : 1 - 46 .
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
hiraoka , m . 1999 . miriti ( mauritia flexuosa ) palms and their uses and management among the ribeirinhos of the amazon estuary . pages 169 - 186 in c . padoch , m . ayres , m . pinedo - vasquez , and a . henderson , editors , changes in soil formation and vegetation on silt bars and backslopes of levees following intensive production of rice and jute . new york : the new york botanical garden press .
pires , j . m . , and g . t . prance . 1985 . the vegetation types of the brazilian amazon . pages 109 - 145 in g . t . prance and t . e . lovejoy , editors , key environments : amazonia . new york : pergamon .
there are a lot of myths about piranhas , such as the one that they can skeletonize a cow in less than five minutes ; the fact is that these fish don ' t even particularly like to attack humans . still , there ' s no denying that the piranha is built to kill , equipped as it is with sharp teeth and extremely powerful jaws , which can chomp down on its prey with a force of over 70 pounds per square inch . given how scary the piranha is , you may or may not want to know about the megapiranha , a giant piranha ancestor that haunted the rivers of miocene south america .
unlike many other cats , jaguars do not avoid water ; in fact , they are quite good swimmers . rivers provide prey in the form of fish , turtles , or caimans—small , alligatorlike animals . jaguars also eat larger animals such as deer , peccaries , capybaras , and tapirs . they sometimes climb trees to prepare an ambush , killing their prey with one powerful bite .
jaguars are solitary animals and live and hunt alone , except during mating season . the male ' s home range is between 19 and 53 square miles and often overlaps with the smaller home ranges of multiple females . a male aggressively protects his home range and resident females from other males .
the várzea forest performs critical ecological functions such as capturing and rapidly cycling nutrients , hosting a great diversity of freshwater fish and aquatic mammals , stabilizing the flooded soils and landscapes , and perhaps providing a source of new taxa that colonize the surrounding terra firme .
the jaguar hunts mostly on the ground , but it sometimes climbs a tree and pounces on its prey from above . it has very powerful jaws and sharp teeth and usually kills its prey with one crushing bite to the skull . unlike most big cats , the jaguar loves the water — it often swims , bathes , plays and even hunts for fish in streams and pools . like all members of the big cat family , jaguars can roar . the jaguar’s roar sounds like a deep , chesty cough .
commercial hunting and trapping of jaguars for their pelts has declined drastically since the mid - 1970s , when anti - fur campaigns and cites controls progressively shut down international markets ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) . however , there is still demand for jaguar paws , teeth and other products , especially in local markets where canines are still considered interesting jewellery . on top of this , jaguars are starting to be considered a replacement for tiger bone for traditional medicine purposes by the increasing asian community in latin america .
the male jaguar will live with the female for a period of four years while the baby or cubs grow up to be healthy and strong . the male will teach the cubs to defend themselves and find their own food and shelter . the female jaguar will feed them their milk so the cubs will keep up their strength and energy . the young will also hunt with their mother during their first two years .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
( errata version published in 2016 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2015 : e . t18868a97216466 .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
( errata version published in 2018 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t15953a123791436 .
florida panthers , mountain lions , jaguars that become used to human presence can lose their natural wariness of us . if we offer or allow access to food even once , we end up with wildlife that associates us with food .
females have litters of one to four cubs , which are blind and helpless at birth . the mother stays with them and defends them fiercely from any animal that may approach—even their own father . young jaguars learn to hunt by living with their mothers for two years or more .
i love jaguars so much ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! p . s very intreasting facts
with its forest home increasingly being destroyed , and conflict growing with farmers and ranchers , the jaguar is under serious pressure . jaguars now occupy less than half of their historical range . they’re so elusive that we don’t know exactly how many are left in the wild – but we do know their numbers are dropping . help us protect these enigmatic cats .
manaus is the region’s largest city , and the quickest and easiest route into the jungle . you’ll find many good tour operators here , from budget to upscale . the flip side is that tours tend to be more crowded , and the surrounding area is less pristine .
before the mid - 1970s jaguars were often hunted for their beautiful coats . that’s reduced now , thanks to anti - fur campaigns and laws , but there’s still some demand for jaguar parts such as paws and teeth for traditional medicines .
forest certification is a system of inspecting and tracking timber , paper pulp and other forest products to make sure they’ve been harvested according to a strict set of guidelines .
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jaguars are known to eat deer , peccary , crocodiles , snakes , monkeys , deer , sloths , tapirs , turtles , eggs , frogs , fish and anything else they can catch .
manaus is serviced by direct flights from all over brazil , and even miami . you can also get there by boat from anywhere on the amazon , including belém and porto velho , but be prepared for a long trip ( two to five days ) .
we’re not prepared to stand by and do nothing so we’ve been working to preserve the waters that feed the pantanal .
daly , d . c . , and g . t . prance . 1989 . brazilian amazon . pages 401 - 426 in d . g . campbell , and h . d . hammond , editors . floristic inventory of tropical countries . new york botanical garden , bronx , new york , usa
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
this really helped alot with my project . thank you for all of this information about jaguars ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1
3 . the name jaguar comes from the native american word yaguar , which means “he who kills with one leap . ”
if you’re willing to add a leg your journey , there are some outstanding options in other areas . one of the best is mamirauá reserve , located 675km upriver from manaus , outside the small city of tefé . there’s just one lodge there ( uakari lodge ; urltoken ) , and visits can be pricey , but between the comfortable lodging , highly skilled guides and the reserve ' s stunning richness , you can hardly do better .
the jaguar is the fiercest of the cat family . its roar is between a cough and a growl . the jaguar is a very good hunter and can attack and kill its prey to eat . it also swims well and wades in water to catch a fish . on land , the jaguar stays hidden in caves or bushes and creeps close to its prey , and then jumps . when herds of prey stop to eat or drink , it climbs trees easily , and hides to pounce on its prey . the jaguar seizes its catch with its muscular forelegs , and kills its prey with a bite to the neck .
an adult male jaguar may be four to seven feet long , excluding the long tail . its tail is about 45 to 75 centimeters long . the jaguar stands about three feet high at the shoulder , and it weighs up to 300 pounds when full grown . the jaguar has heavily muscled forearms and shoulders that add strength for capturing its prey . it has a massive head , and long thick legs . the jaguar ' s hindlimbs are longer than its forelimbs to improve jumping . its forepaws are equipped with long , retractile claws to help grab and hold its prey . the jaguar has a rough tongue that is designed for peeling the skin away from the flesh of its prey , and to peel the flesh away from its prey ' s bones . the jaguar has loose belly skin which allows the animal to be kicked by its prey with little chance of injury .
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references anderson , a . b . , i . mousasticoshvily jr . , and d . s . macedo . 1999 . logging of virola surinamensis in the amazon floodplain : impacts and alternatives . pages 119 - 133 in c . padoch , m . ayres , m . pinedo - vasquez , and a . henderson , editors , várzea : diversity , development , and conservation in amazonia ' s whitewater floodplains . new york , the new york botanical garden press .
flying is , of course , much quicker than taking a boat , and sometimes not much more expensive . then again , long distance boat travel is an experience unto itself : chugging along for days at a time , sleeping in hammocks , and whiling away the hours with other passengers . you won’t see much in terms of wildlife or scenery though , as the boat follows the huge main channel .
jaguars are easy to recognize , as they are covered in rose - shaped black spots . however , some may appear to look more like panthers or other big cats if their fur is dark enough to disguise their spots .
this is like the best . . . . website ever ! ! ! awesome ! it really helped me with my homework with jaguars , where you have to come up with special features it has . you have to choose an animal and i chose a jaguar because its my fave animal !
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with muscular shoulders and forearms and powerful jaws , the jaguar is no pussycat .
8 . they can live to be 12 to 15 years old in the wild .
this webseit helped me with my talk on the jaguar . thank you ! ! !
pumas are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation , and poaching of their wild prey base . they are persecuted across their range by retaliatory hunting due to livestock depredation , and due to fear that they pose a threat to human life ( iucn cats red list workshop 2007 ) . pumas have killed a number of people in western canada and the us in recent years . pumas are legally hunted in many western us states , although hunting was banned by popular referendum in california in 1990 . road kills are the principal cause of mortality in the endangered florida panther subpopulation , and heavily travelled roads are a major barrier to puma movements and dispersal ( sunquist and sunquist 2002 ) .
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wow ! these facts are awsome ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! whoever made this web page is one of the best people ever ! ! ! p . s this web page totally helped my with ict
very large fish live in the estuary , and they roam through the flooded forest eating and dispersing fruits from the floodplain trees . these fish include pacus ( metynnis and mylossoma ) , tambaqui ( colossoma macropomum ) , pirarucus ( arapaima gigas ) , and sardinhas ( triportheus angulatus ) .
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included on cites appendix i . the jaguar is fully protected at the national level across most of its range , with hunting prohibited in argentina , brazil , colombia , costa rica , french guiana , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , paraguay , suriname , united states , and venezuela , and hunting restrictions in place in guatemala and peru ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) . specific conservation plans for the species have been developed in mexico , panama , honduras , and brazil .
added missing bibliography references for inrena ( 2006 ) and conama ( 2005 ) which were cited in the text .
thanks you help me to do my work about the jaguar . . . . . . . ; - )
scientists have reported 99 mammal species in this ecoregion . the short - tailed opossum monodelphis maraxina is endemic and endangered . other mammals that are found only in this ecoregion , or in few other places , include an armadillo dasypus septemcinctus , bats ( platyrrhinus recifinus , natalus stramineus , and molossops greenhalli ) , primates such as marmosets ( callithrix argentatado ) , tamarins ( saguinus midas ) , night monkeys ( aotus infulatus ) , and savanna foxes ( cerdocyon thous ) . the endangered american manatee ( trichechus manatus ) occurs here . cats include jaguars ( panthera onca ) and pumas ( puma concolor ) .
i am going to use all of these for school ! ! i might even make a booklet thanks to nat geo ! p . s its my dads favourite channel !
i like the facts i am using them for my animal research project but i wish there was more facts though .
according to one indigenous myth , the jaguar acquired its spotted coat by daubing mud on its body with its paws .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
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biodiversity features on marajó island , there are 361 known species of birds , on caviana island 145 , and on mexican island 189 . the region as a whole contains a total of 540 species . there is a wide variety of aquatic birds including herons and egrets egretta and ardea , ducks dendrocygna spp . , ibis cercibis spp . , theristicus spp . , and rosette spoonbills ajaia ajaia . birds found here and in only few other places include white - bellied seedeaters sporophila leucoptera , grassland yellow - finches sicalis luteola , chalk - browed mockingbirds mimus saturninus , tropical peewees contopus cinereus , rufous - throated antbirds gymnopithys rufigula , black - breasted puffbirds notharchus pectoralis , and plain - bellied emeralds amazilia leucogaster .
our vision for a trillion trees to be restored , saved from loss , and better protected around the world , by 2050 .
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there are no protected areas in this ecoregion . cattle and water buffalo ranching and large - scale commercial logging are the main threats to this ecoregion .
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you can reach tefé and alter do chão by air or by boat . for tefé , most flights and boats connect through manaus . for alter do chão , catch a plane or boat from manaus or belém to the city of santarém , and take a bus or taxi from there ( 35km ) . speedboats are available between manaus and tefé , and are faster than an ordinary boat but cheaper than a plane .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern because it is one of the most widely - distributed mammals in the western hemisphere . although it has been extirpated from its former range in midwestern and eastern north america ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) , it is attempting to recolonize this region ( thompson and jenks 2010 , larue et al . 2012 ) and populations are healthy enough for regulated harvest in western north america . however , it is considered to be declining elsewhere in its range , and as a large carnivore intricately linked to other wildlife and habitat associations , from a social and political perspective its conservation and management presents numerous challenges .


meiacanthus atrodorsalis , the forktail blenny , is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the western pacific ocean .

this species grows to a length of 11 centimetres ( 4.3 in ) tl .

this venomous species can also be found in the aquarium trade .

it is also known as the eyelash harptail-blenny , poison-fang blenny or the yellowtail poison-fang blenny .

meiacanthus atrodorsalis

c . michael hogan changed the thumbnail image of
image of meiacanthus atrodorsalis
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jennifer hammock split the classifications by inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from meiacanthus atrodorsalis ( günther , 1877 ) to their own page .
an eyelash fangblenny , meiacanthus atrodorsalis , at apo island zamboanguita , central visayas , philippines . source : klaus stiefel / flickr . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial
specificationsmpnf91 0007 0353manufacturerthat fish placecommon nameforktail blenny scientific namemeiacanthus atrodorsalis difficultymoderate reef sa . . .
the forktail blenny ( meiacanthus atrodorsalis ) is characterized by the long , yellow edges of its caudal fin . the front half its body is blue - grey whi . . .
petroscirtes atrodorsalis , günther , 1877 , andrew garrett ' s fische der südsee bd 2 ( heft 6 ) : 198 , pl . 115 ( fig . b ) . type locality : samoa
the species has a lunate caudal fin and an enormous curved , venomous fang on each side of the lower jar . the fangs , which are used for defence , are characteristic of the genus meiacanthus .
western pacific : bali and the philippines east to samoa , north to ryukyu islands , south to rowley shoals , the southern great barrier reef , and new caledonia ; throughout micronesia . replaced by the uniformly yellow species ovalauensis in fiji , and by meiacanthus tongaensis in tonga ( ref . 37816 ) .
this species occurs in the western pacific , from bali and the philippines east to samoa , north to ryukyu islands , south to rowley shoals , along the southern great barrier reef , to new caledonia and throughout micronesia . it is replaced by the uniformly yellow species ovalauensis in fiji , and by meiacanthus tongaensis in tonga ( smith - vaniz 1987 ) .
greek , meion = less = lessen + greek , akantha = thorn ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 1 - 30 m ( ref . 1602 ) . tropical ; 30°n - 24°s
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 11 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9710 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 4 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 25 - 28 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 15 - 18 . identified by the blue - edged diagonal black line from the eye and yellow dorsal fin or back . adults have long filaments on the caudal fin tips ; length without filaments ( ref . 48636 ) .
adults are found solitary or in pairs ( ref . 90102 ) in lagoon and seaward reefs below the surge zone to 30 m depth ( ref . 9710 ) . a common species , often seen along slopes and drop - offs , adults sometimes in small groups ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton and also on small benthic invertebrates . inoffensive , but immune from predation ( ref . 9710 ) . oviparous . eggs are demersal and adhesive ( ref . 205 ) , and are attached to the substrate via a filamentous , adhesive pad or pedestal ( ref . 94114 ) . larvae are planktonic , often found in shallow , coastal waters ( ref . 94114 ) . mimicked by ecsenius bicolor and plagiotremus laudanus ( ref . 90102 ) .
myers , r . f . , 1991 . micronesian reef fishes . second ed . coral graphics , barrigada , guam . 298 p . ( ref . 1602 )
) : 25 . 6 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 5 ( based on 1837 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 41 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 23 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 27 august 2014 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 august 2014 ) .
justification : this is a widespread species that is locally abundant with no known threats and occurs in marine protected areas in parts of its range . it is listed as least concern .
this species is common and locally abundant ( w . smith - vaniz pers comm . ) .
- - - other purpose text - - - this species may be collected for the aquarium trade .
there are no specific conservation measures in place for this species . its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range .
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6cm okinawa miyako is . coral residents back to index - 500 fishes : urltoken music : hiro ' s original one man music : urltoken
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the yellowtail fang blenny is a distintively coloured fish that has an enormous curved , venomous fang on either side of the lower jaw .
the yellowtail fang blenny is blue anteriorly and yellow posteriorly . there is a diagonal black stripe through the eye .
the yellowtail fang blenny is mimicked by the bicolor blenny , ecsenius bicolor and the bicolor fangblenny , plagiotremus laudandus .
the species occurs in tropical marine waters of the indo - west and central pacific , from the red sea , north to japan , throughout micronesia , south to australia and east to marquesas islands .
in australia the yellowtail fang blenny is known from the north - western coast of western australia , around the tropical north of the country and south to the southern coast of new south wales .
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . click on the map for detailed information . source : atlas of living australia .
it is found on seaward reefs and lagoons at depths of 1m to 30m .
the yellowtail fang blenny is a solitary species that is usually seen hovering above the bottom feeding on zooplankton . it also feeds on benthic invertebrates .
allen , g . r . 1997 . marine fishes of tropical australia and south - east asia . western australian museum . pp . 292 .
allen , g . r . & r . swainston . 1988 . the marine fishes of north - western australia . a field guide for anglers and divers . western australian museum . pp . 201 .
myers , r . f . 1999 . micronesian reef fishes . coral graphics . pp . 330 .
randall , j . e . , allen , g . r . & r . c . steene . 1997 . fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea . crawford house press . pp . 251 .
adults are found solitary or in pairs ( ref . 90102 ) in lagoon and seaward reefs below the surge zone to 30 m depth ( ref . 9710 ) . a common species , often seen along slopes and drop - offs , adults sometimes in small groups ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton and also on small benthic invertebrates . inoffensive , but immune from predation ( ref . 9710 ) . oviparous . eggs are demersal and adhesive ( ref . 205 ) , and are attached to the substrate via a filamentous , adhesive pad or pedestal ( ref . 94114 ) . larvae are planktonic , often found in shallow , coastal waters ( ref . 94114 ) . mimicked by ecsenius bicolor and plagiotremus laudanus ( ref . 90102 ) .
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a fangblenny with a greyish - blue head and anterior body that becomes pale yellow to whitish , a yellowish caudal fin , a black basal stripe along the dorsal - fin base and a diagonal blue - edged black band through the eye . the eyelash fangblenny has large venomous canines in the lower jaw that are used for defense and aggressive interactions with other eyelash fangblennies , not for feeding . potential predators quickly learn to avoid these small venomous fishes , allowing the blennies to forage out in open water . this species is mimicked by the bicolor fangblenny , plagiotremus laudandus , and possibly by the bicolor combtooth blenny , ecsenius bicolor . video of eyelash fangblennies at miyako island , okinawa
recorded in australia from rowley shoals , wa , to ashmore reef , timor sea , and north of cape york , qld , to sydney , nsw ; also at islands and reefs in the coral sea and at lord howe island , in the tasman sea . elsewhere , the species is widespread in the western pacific from australia to japan and eastwards to samoa .
when the fangblenny bites a predator , the pressure forces venom to be secreted from a gland at the base of the groove to the tip of the canine in the lower jaw . potential predators quickly learn to avoid these small venomous fishes , allowing the blennies to forage out in open water . a number of other fishes , often as juveniles , mimic sabre - toothed blennies to avoid predation .
günther , a . 1877 . andrew garrett ' s fische der südsee . heft 6 .
. sydney , nsw , australia : new holland publishers xvii , 434 pp .
pictorial guide to indonesian reef fishes . part 2 . fusiliers - dragonets , caesionidae - callionymidae
reef and shore fishes of the south pacific . new caledonia to tahiti and the pitcairn islands
smith - vaniz , w . f . 1976 . the saber - toothed blennies , tribe nemophini ( pisces : blenniidae ) .
smith - vaniz , w . f . 1987 . the saber - toothed blennies , tribe nemophini ( pisces : bleniidae ) : an update .
smith - vaniz , w . f . & g . r . allen . 2011 . three new species of the fangblenny genus
from indonesia , with color photographs and comments on other species ( teleostei : blenniidae : nemophini ) .
smith - vaniz , w . f . , u . satapoomin & g . r . allen . 2001 .
springer , v . g . 2001 . blenniidae . pp . 3538 - 3546 in carpenter , k . e . & niem , t . h . ( eds ) .
the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes
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it was described by meyrick in 1921 .

the wingspan is about 10 mm .

the forewings are white with dark fuscous markings .

there is a line along the basal fourth of the costa , terminating in an irregular-edged blotch occupying the costal half of the wing to three-fourths , containing a very oblique white striga from the middle of the costa and a longitudinal white striga beneath it , and terminated by an oblique white dark-edged line from three-fourths of the costa to the middle of the termen , becoming pale metallic-blue on the discal third and broken inwards beneath it .

there is a subcostal line from the base almost reaching the costal blotch , one beneath this nearly from the base and one from the base above the fold , both running into the costal blotch .

there are two oblique-triangular spots from the basal portion of the dorsum reaching the fold and there is a somewhat upcurved line from the middle of the dorsum to the tornus .

a gradually attenuated streak is found from the middle of the fold to the blue discal portion of the posterior line and there is a short line along the apical portion of the fold , and an arrowhead above it terminated by the posterior line .

the apical area beyond the posterior line is tawny-fuscous on the costa with three very short whitish marks before the apex , the last limiting a round black apical dot preceded by a pale metallic blue dot .

the hindwings are grey with a blackish apical dot surrounded by whitish suffusion .

thiotricha pancratiastis

thiotricha pancratiastis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha pancratiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha pancratiastis is a moth of the gelechiidae family . it was described by meyrick in 1921 . it is found in india ( assam ) and japan . [ 1 ]
we investigated pre - dispersal seed predation by insects in a bayberry myrica rubra sieb . et zucc . ( myricaceae ) on yakushima island , japan . to clarify the patterns of seed fate and predation , all fruit that fell into seed traps were collected to allow any insect larvae within the fruit to emerge , and the fruit were finally dissected to determine whether or not they had been attacked by insect predators . two lepidopteran species , thiotricha pancratiastis ( meyrick ) ( gelechiidae ) and neoblastobasis spiniharpella kuznetzov & sinev ( blastobasidae ) , emerged from the fruits . thiotricha pancratiastis is the major seed predator of m . rubra , attacking the fruits intensively during the primary stage of fruit development . thiotricha pancratiastis had been known as a foliage feeder ( leaf miner ) of m . rubra , but we revealed that the insect is also an important seed predator of the bayberry .
thiotricha pontifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 196
thiotricha synodonta meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 45
thiotricha fridaella legrand , 1958 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 63 : 142
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thiotricha atractodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : queensland , cairns
thiotricha complicata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi
thiotricha nephodesma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha obvoluta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha oxygramma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha polyaula meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha rhodomicta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha synacma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha xanthaspis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha ( thiotrichinae ) ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343
thiotricha amphixysta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha attenuata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha aucupatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : peru , iquitos
thiotricha celata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha clepsidoxa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha coleella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 55 ; [ fe ]
thiotricha hamulata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 162 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
thiotricha hexanesa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha janitrix meyrick , 1912 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 2 ) : 64 ; tl : bengal , pusa
thiotricha obliquata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha rabida meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis
thiotricha cuneiformis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
thiotricha pyrphora meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
thiotricha scioplecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , shilleong , 5000ft
thiotricha corylella omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 209
thiotricha flagellatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha fusca omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 204
thiotricha indistincta omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 205
thiotricha termanthes meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft
thiotricha tetraphala meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : dunedin , new zealand
thiotricha thorybodes meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : christchurch , new zealand
thiotricha xanthodora meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : burma , pyinmana
thiotricha balanopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis ; borneo , kuching
thiotricha hemiphaea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , toowoomba
thiotricha acrantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha acronipha turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , stradbroke island
thiotricha characias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : palni hills
thiotricha chrysantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha embolarcha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : java , mt . salak , 4500ft
thiotricha epiclista meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha grammitis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha hoplomacha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha rhodopa meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills
thiotricha argyrea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : n . queensland , atherton
thiotricha clinopeda meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft ; ceylon , maskeliya
thiotricha galenaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha glenias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha nephelodesma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 280 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .
thiotricha orthiastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 591 ; tl : rawalpindi , punjab
thiotricha saulotis meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha scotaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha trapezoidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha tylephora ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
thiotricha centritis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft
thiotricha galactaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft
thiotricha panglycera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 117 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns and kuranda
thiotricha prosoestea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 116 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda near cairns
thiotricha anticentra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
thiotricha balanopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha chrysopa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
thiotricha clidias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , celon
thiotricha cuneiformis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha delacma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : s . india , palnis , kodaikanal , 7000ft
thiotricha margarodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : rosewood , queensland
thiotricha pteropis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , ceylon
thiotricha tethela ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )
thiotricha animosella ; meyrick , 1908 , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
thiotricha majorella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 47 ; [ me3 ] , 37 ( note ) ; [ fe ]
thiotricha niphastis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : york , west australia
thiotricha arthrodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
thiotricha oxyopis ; bradley , 1961 , bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 ; [ nhm card ]
thiotricha paraconta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : wollongong , new south wales
thiotricha bullata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
thiotricha leucothona meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : murrurundi and sydney , new south wales
thiotricha oxytheces meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales
thiotricha prunifolivora ueda & fujiwara , 2005 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , takatsuki city , bochikoen
thiotricha parthenica meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 297 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; george ' s bay , tasmania
thiotricha angelica bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha eremita bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 , pl . 5 , f . 111 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha melanacma bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 133 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha tethela bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
thiotricha subocellea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 51 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75 ; [ fe ]
thiotricha synodonta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75
korea , china ( jilin ) , japan , se . siberia . see [ maps ]
chinochrysa diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 10
gelechia ( ptocheuusa ) cleodorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 355 , pl . 5 , f . 120 ; tl : bogota
ptocheuusa coleella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 255 , pl . 10 , f . 16 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
polyhymno corylella ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 107
dissobola meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 561
polyhumno fusca ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108
gemmulans meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 63
polyhymno ? godmani walsingham , [ 1892 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1891 : 525 ; tl : west indies , st . vincent
polyhymno indistincta ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108
polyhymno laterestriata walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 78
lindsayi philpott , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 58 : 84
herzegovina , croatia , n . italy , s . france ( alpes - maritimes ) , greece . see [ maps ]
ptocheuusa majorella rebel , 1910 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 60 : 28 ; tl : herzegovina
microrrhoda meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586
oleariae hudson , 1928 ; butt . & moths n . z . : 254
polyhymno pontifera ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
larva on symplocos prunifolia ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 81
eu , european russia , china ( gansu , shaanxi , jilin ) , japan . see [ maps ]
syncentritis meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586
mystax trapezoidella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 138 ; tl : kasakewitsch
mystax trichoma caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 136 ; tl : kasakewitsch
polyhymno tylephora meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 68
anacampsis wollastoni walsingham , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1894 : 545 ; tl : madeira
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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. . . seasonal fluctuations include day length , climate , and food availability [ 1 ] . as a result , almost all wild animals exhibit seasonal changes in their physiology and behavior , for example hibernation , diet shift and migration [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] . the animals ' responses to daily and seasonal fluctuations often need to be analyzed in combination because animals modify their use of various daily time periods in different seasons . . . .
reduced seed dispersal effectiveness in the large - seeded tree myrica rubra in the absence of the jap . . .
to study the impact of the local extinction of a large frugivore species on plant populations , we compared the seed dispersal of the large - seeded tree myrica rubra in two forests . one forest had a population of japanese macaques , which are large seed dispersers of m . rubra , and the other did not . observations were made from 25 may to 7 june , 2004 on four trees on yakushima island ( with . . . [ show full abstract ]
microsatellite analysis of the maternal origin of myrica rubra seeds in the feces of japanese macaqu . . .
identifying the maternal origin of dispersed seeds is a challenging task because it is impossible to directly track seed movement once an animal has ingested them . however , recent development of molecular techniques allows us to identify the maternal origin of dispersed seeds in natural plant populations . here we analyzed the maternal origin of myrica rubra seeds found in the feces of . . . [ show full abstract ]
community structure of pre - dispersal seed predatory insects on eleven shorea ( dipterocarpaceae ) spec . . .
the dipterocarpaceae in south - east asia are known for their strict mast fruiting . during fruiting , pre - dispersal seed predation by insects contributes to mortality of dipterocarp seeds . we documented the community structure of insect seed predators on 11 shorea species in peninsular malaysia . fruits were sampled sequentially throughout seed development , and 2144 and 1655 individuals of seed . . . [ show full abstract ]
masting of beech （fagus crenata） results in satiation of a nut predator , the dominant micromoth , pse . . .
we tested the hypothesis that masting of a beech species , fagus crenata , leads to satiation of a nut predator , the dominant micromoth , pseudopammene fagivora , in a beech forest near the pacific ocean , japan . we used three indices that could reflect the annual variation in p . fagivora : number of p . fagivora larvae per pre - dispersal fruit , proportion of pre - dispersal fruits infested by p . . . . [ show full abstract ]
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acraga infusa , the yellow furry-legs , is a moth of the dalceridae family .

it is found in guatemala , belize , costa rica , panama , colombia , venezuela , trinidad , guyana , surinam , french guiana , ecuador , brazil , peru , bolivia and paraguay .

acraga infusa may represent one variable species , but could also represent a species complex of closely related species .

all specimens are entirely orange , but varying considerably in size and somewhat in apparent wing shape and colour tone .

acraga infusa

acraga infusa is found in venezuela , guyana , brazil , ecuador and peru .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by nmnh entomology resource from acraga infusa schaus , 1905 to their own page .
like other members of the dalceridae , acraga infusa adopts a characteristic and almost comical resting posture , with the wings arched almost vertically , and the long and very hairy forelegs projecting forward .
the genus acraga contains 40 species found variously from mexico to bolivia . most are unmarked , although a few such as leberna and angulifera are whitish with suffused darker markings . there are several yellow species including coa , infusa , sulphurea and
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
he family dalceridae comprises 84 known species , most of which are confined to south america , with a few representatives reaching the united states .
the moths average about 3cms in wingspan . they are easily recognised as a family from the very distinctive venation , short pectinate antennae , tiny dark eyes , and their characteristic resting posture with the wings steeply arched and the long hairy forelegs projecting forward .
the caterpillars of all dalceridae are slug - like and covered in gelatinous tubercles .
all photographs , artwork , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins ( unless otherwise stated ) and are protected by copyright . photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in whole or published elsewhere without prior written consent of adrian hoskins / urltoken
the family dalceridae comprises 84 known species , most of which are confined to south america , with a few representatives reaching the united states . the moths average about 3cms in wingspan . they are easily recognised as a family from the very distinctive venation , short pectinate antennae , tiny dark eyes , and their characteristic resting posture with the wings steeply arched and the long hairy forelegs projecting forward .
the larvae of all dalceridae are slug - like and covered in gelatinous tubercles . the larval foodplants include coffea , eremanthus , erythroxylum , metrodorea , ouratea , pouteria and qualea .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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