raja narasimha ( kannada : ರಾಜ ನರಸಿಂಹ ) is a 2003 indian kannada romantic drama - action film directed by muthyala subbaiah and written by posani krishna murali .

the film stars vishnuvardhan along with ramya krishnan and raasi in the prominent roles .

the film was produced by medikonda amaravathi under the sri venkataramana productions banner .

the film released on 21 march 2003 to generally positive reviews from critics .

however , the film failed commercially at the box office .

the same story was remade in telugu as palnati brahmanayudu and released in the same year .

the film starred nandamuri balakrishna , arti agarwal and sonali bendre .

raja narasimha

raja narasimha is likely to be given the home ministry in the ensuing cabinet reshuffle as had been followed earlier .
c . raja mohan c . raja mohan is director , institute of south asian studies , national . . . read more
↑ c . raja mohan narasimha rao and the bomb . www . acorn . national urltoken . retrieved on march 2 , 2007 .
↑ narasimha rao - a reforming pm . bbc news . retrieved on march 2 2007 .
↑ the lonely masks of narasimha rao . urltoken . retrieved on august 24 , 2007 .
↑ nation bids adieu to narasimha rao . the hindu . retrieved on march 2 , 2007 .
↑ pv narasimha rao passes away . teluga literary and cultural association . retrieved on october 7 , 2007
raja narasimha ( vishnuvardhan ) , is a wealthy land lord . he treats women with utmost respect .
god cannot be present everywhere , therefore he created a woman with half of his qualities
is one of the few preachings that shows raja narasimha ' s feeling towards women and the way he treats them . he is always there to save women from trouble . on one such incident he saves mahalakshmi ( rashi ) from rowdies . mahalkshmi is pleased with the simplicity and the humbleness of the landlord . she decides to marry him inspite of the fact that she is engaged to an nri . on the wedding day , raja narasimha is shot by soundarya ( ramya krishna ) . everybody is stunned as to how a person who respects women to the core is shot by a woman itself . post - interval of the movie is about why soundarya shot raja narasimha and how everything gets sorted out .
raja narasimha , an engineering graduate , represents the andole assembly constituency in medak district . he became minister for the first time in 2004 after the congress won the assembly elections after a gap of 10 years in 2004 and then in 2009 . he had earlier held primary education and marketing portfolios in the state cabinet . his father , raja narasimha , was a three - time mla from andole , an sc reserved constituency , in 1967 , 1972 and 1978 .
↑ a profile of narasimha rao . indian embassy in the us . retrieved on march 2 , 2007 .
↑ tribute to narasimha rao . the hindu . december 20 , 2004 . retrieved on march 2 , 2007
mega news ! allu arjun’s insta debut , updates on pspk25 , sye raa narasimha reddy & other mega . .
↑ narasimha rao and the ` look east ' policy . the hindu . retrieved on march 2 , 2007 .
sye raa - narasimha reddy has no quiz ! be the first to add a quiz / trivia & challenge others .
ms . pallavi raja adviser : prof . dr . kempen / external d . gräbner ( fwbi , bremen ) fabrication of pressure sensitive organic field effect transistor
mr . manoj kumar ganesh raja adviser : prof . dr . wolter / external f . steinert ( fraunhofer hhi , berlin ) chroma resampling for 4k video production
mr . raja durga prasad kandukuri adviser : prof . dr . kraus / external h . thamer ( biba ) segmentation of 3d - logistic object point cloud data using mean shift algorithm
mr . raja venkateswar rao vadde adviser : prof . dr . wolter / external h . jersch ( fgh iwes ) concepts and integration of fpga based data acquisition for novel wea sensor
c damodar raja narasimha , minister for higher education and agriculture ( in charge ) , has been appointed as deputy chief minister of andhra pradesh . governor esl narasimhan issued orders today appointing him to the post following the congress high command’s decision to nominate a person from telangana as deputy chief minister owing to the ongoing political unrest in the region .
mr . karthik raja arumugam adviser : prof . dr . fleischmann / external m . medrano ( acentiss , ottobrunn ) modelling and simulation of electric propulsion system for manned and unmanned light aircraft
↑ p . m . india website p . v . narasimha rao - a profile . indian pm ' s official website . retrieved on march 2 , 2007 .
mr . vivek kuppenhalli narasimha adviser : prof . dr . hu / external a . reinhardt ( novatec gmbh , bremen ) end user experience monitoring of android application in inspect it
the name of raja narasimha was doing the rounds ever since the party high command said the deputy chief minister would be from telangana . the practice of appointing deputy chief minister was discontinued in the 70s only to be revived briefly in the 90s when koneru ranga rao , a minister from krishna district , was appointed as deputy chief minister in the then congress government led by kotla vijaya bhaskara reddy .
a 2003 kannada film , it is the story of a man called raja narsimha , who is a rich landlord who respects and protects women . ironically , he is shot by a woman , and the twist is unturned when the woman explains her reasons and the misunderstanding are sorted .
megastar chiranjeevi ' s ‘sye raa narasimha reddy’ has been grabbing headlines ever since its commencement . now , according to reports , the team began its next schedule in hyderabad on thursday . they will reportedly shoot some key scenes and action sequences with the lead actors over a 40 - day schedule .
consider , in contrast , upa government’s self - defeating policies towards the region . yielding to domestic political considerations , the congress leadership sought to limit political engagement with israel and undermined the new political consensus on israel that had emerged under prime ministers p . v . narasimha rao and atal bihari vajpayee .
consider , in contrast , upa government’s self - defeating policies towards the region . yielding to domestic political considerations , the congress leadership sought to limit political engagement with israel and undermined the new political consensus on israel that had emerged under prime ministers p . v . narasimha rao and atal bihari vajpayee .
in tollywood , megastar chiranjeevi’s next with surender reddy ‘sye raa narasimha reddy’ is one of the highly expected releases in 2019 . while the film is currently in its filming stage , reports suggest that the hollywood stunt choreographer gary powell has been roped in by the makers to coordinate the action sequences in the film .
megastar chiranjeevi ' s upcoming film # chiru 151 , sye raa narasimha reddy . the makers have decided the title ' sye raa ' for this periodic drama .
sye raa narasimha reddy
. the story of india ' s first freedom fighter . . the chronicles of an unsung hero . the warrior monk who revolted against the despotism of the british raj . the story of the legendary
rebati suryudu
. # chiru151 # syeraanarasimhareddy # uyyalawadanarasimhreddy # syeraanarasimhareddymovie cast : megastar chiranjeevi amitabh bachchan jagapathy babu nayanthara kiccha sundeep vijay sethupathi directed by : surender reddy produced by : ram charan music by : ar rahman cinematographer : ravi varman , isc production designer : rajeevan writing duo : paruchuri brothers
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cast : vishnuvardhan , ramyakrishna , rashi , gurudutt , abhijit , shivaram , shobaraj , & others .
the movie is a good family entertainer . clearly the movie and the screenplay was written from start to finish with vishnu in mind . he dominates the movie from start to finish . again the computer graphics that has become a regular feature in vishnu ' s movies are a treat to any of his fan ' s eyes . couple of special effects like a lightning over vishnu and lions roaring from his eyes are stunning .
brilliant performance from vishnu who appears to have taken over from where he had left in simhadriya simha . rashi and ramya krishna look beautiful . dialogues by m . ramesh is another highlight in the movie . the movie has shades of telugu culture probably because the direction is handled by mutyalu subaiah . music by deva is good . couple of numbers are hummable and melodious .
will they succeed in delivering another hit ? before we tell you that , here ' s what the film is about . . .
balakrishna is the much respected head of a village in the palnadu region . he is forced to travel to another place to save his sister ( sujitha ) from the clutches of mukesh rishi , who has imprisoned her in his house because he wants to her to marry his brother .
balakrishna , in typical style , bashes them up and rescues her . sujitha ' s friend , aarti agarwal , begins to like him so much that she waves goodbye to her fiancé , prithvi . balakrishna reciprocates and their families decide to get them married .
a furious prithvi joins hands with jayprakash reddy . they co - opt reddy ' s daughter , sonali bendre , in their vendetta . just before the balakrishna - aarti marriage can take place , sonali shoots balakrishna . instead of getting angry , he leads her to the safety of his home .
but when he comes to know that sonali ' s brothers had crippled his worker chalapati rao ' s son jatin on the assumption that he had written her a love letter , he orders reddy to get sonali married to jatin . he promises he will not allow her to marry anyone else .
what happens next ? does jatin get justice ? do balakrishna and aarti reunite ? what happens to sonali ? these questions form the climax of b gopal ' s palnati brahmanaidu .
balakrishna tries to use his performance to compensate for his poorly etched character . instead , he should keep his image and fans in mind and opt for better roles .
the film has some breathtaking action scenes . writers paruchuri brothers have penned punch - laden dialogues . the songs are well - picturised .
the blame lies at the door of director gopal . instead of sticking to a strong storyline like he had done earlier , he overconfidently tries to cash in on his previous hits with balakrishna .
what ' s worse , both the director and the star have gone overboard comparing the conflict between balakrishna and sonali to the one between the late n t rama rao and bhanupriya in palnati yudham . but neither palnati brahmanaidu ' s story nor the performances of its stars are a patch on ntr ' s memorable film .
what is a r rahman doing at a dubai mall ? reader talib sends us a picture .
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mangalyam tantunaanena |
karyeshu dasi
| feat . v . ravichandran , ramya krishnan | new kannada
mangalyam tantunaanena | dhir dhir tillana | v . ravichandran | ramya krishnan | s . p . balasubrahmanyam
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modi applauded rao for his leadership during one of the most critical periods in the history of india .
amitabh bachchan and kamal haasan are arguably one of the two biggest superstars of indian cinema . the legendary actors ruled the roost in their respective industries in the ‘80s and ‘90s . in fact , the duo has worked together in the film ‘geraftaar’ in 1985 .
mangalore university dr p dayanand pai and sri p sathish pai yakshagana study centre has announced yakshamangala awards for 2017 - 18 .
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india inc to post 12 . 8 % revenue growth in q1 ; highest in three years
state industries minister j geeta reddy , who also belongs to medak district , had actively lobbied for the post but in vain . earlier this week , the congress high command had appointed botsa satynarayana , minister for transport , as the new pcc chief in place of d srinivas .
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sorry ! none of the critics have had a chance to review this movie yet .
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making of 2 . 0 | rajinikanth , akshay kumar | shankar | a . r . rahman | lyca productions
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yaare koogaadali | kannada full hd movie | puneeth rajkumar | yogesh | sadhu kokila | v . harikrishna
world is getting miniaturized , becoming smaller , running faster and also getting abbreviated . abbreviations run in our blood . today’s movies have short names . viz , ddlj , k3g , rdb . just look at the abbreviations we use in our daily chat . lol , brb , btw , omg , wtf , rofl , jlt , ppl , tmr and so on . some write just ‘k’ for ‘ok’ and ‘s’ for ‘yes’ . ( i hate people writing kewl for cool . it has equal number of alphabets and sounds way too more complex than cool ) . but we hardly worry about the expansions of the abbreviations we use . i kind of hesitate or dislike using abbreviations until i know their expansions .
when i meandered on the streets of bengalooru i had seen many locations with the abbreviated or short names and hardly people knew their expansions . i did bit of research to find the expansions of the abbreviated locality names in the city . listing some of them below .
there are loads of other areas with abbreviated names but i haven’t yet figured out their expanded forms . they seem not too popular . listing some of them below . try if you can expand some of them .
hbcs layout , hbg layout , hkk lane , hgg layout , itc colony , rk layout , rr layout , oph road , otc road , khb colony , mr palya . ok . enough . the list doesn’t seem to stop . i’m tired of dealing with these names now . let me gthooh ( get the hell out of here ) : - )
my god . . i never knew what actually these abbreviations meant . . tnx for this factual blog ! ! : )
sajid . . t in t block is tilaknagar . . that is correct . : ) khb colony - karnataka housing board colony
wow ! i was not were of btm , hsr layout . . . good sajjid
well . . . i guess i am lazy and crazy guy . i am harmless but bit unpredictable . i strongly endorse simplicity and excellence . i live for today . i am funny and boring at times , enjoy both people ' s company and loneliness . in one word - an alien !
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roku has just about every app you can imagine ( youtube , pandora , netflix , amazon , hulu , hbo now ) .
what is the meaning of your name ? does it have a story behind it ? why did your parents name you that ? what do you like about it ? do you share . . .
originally known as chicacole , from the persian words chica ( meaning “a small cloth bag which can be closed by pulling its neck strings” ) and khol ( meaning “open” ) . the name was derived from the fact that during the muslim rule , people are commanded to “chika khol” , which means to open their bag and pay the toll .
and the story i have heard is the name chicacole turned to srikakulam over time . ( not sure if this is totally true ) .
- mosquitoes are called domalu in telugu . since the area was notorious for its mosquito population , it ' s name became
- contrary to what people say it ' s not derived from the hindparts of a elephantidae family . the area again was dominated by people of telugu origin whose language got kannadicized . the name was
a few of the trivia in the back of my head are marathahalli : the area get its name from a fighter aircraft named marut which was designed and assembled in hal , which is very close to this area . there are though a few contradicting reports that a marut once crash landed in this area giving it its name . halli in kannada means village . nagarabhavi : the name literally means
a well of snakes
. the name is due to the high number of snakes present in the area before it got urbanized . also , some believe that it is called a
well
because of the surrounding hillocks that are no longer present due to urbanization . whitefield : until the late 1980s , whitefield was a small village which was a retirement colony for anglo - indians ( read as ' whites ' ) . it remains a legacy of the british rule in india . the it boom in the city though has reshaped it as major suburb now . basavanagudi : the name
basavanagudi
refers to the bull temple that is located here . you can find a monolith statue of the nandi bull . basava in kannada , the local language , means bull and gudi means temple . hence , the name basavanagudi . malleshwaram : located in the north - west of bangalore , it derives its name from the famous kaadu malleshwara temple in this area . btm layout : btm is actually an abbreviation for byrasandra tavarekere madiwala . the area for the layout was carved out from these three neighborhoods and hence the name . hsr layout : hsr is an abbreviation for hosur sarjapur road layout . a relatively new suburb located in the south - east of bangalore , the layout , which is built on land reclaimed from the agara lake , is located between hosur road and sarjapur road . another interesting trivia though is about rajajinagar and jayanagar . rajajinagar was named after rajagopalachari , the freedom fighter and the last governor general of india . the interesting trivia is that both jayanagar and rajajinagar were inaugurated on the same day ! jayachamarajendra wodeyar inaugurated rajajinagar and rajagopalachari inaugurated jayanagar !
this new site reveals so much more . enter a name and state to begin .
there existed a seaplane channel in the bellandur lake during the second world war . the seafaring catalina planes would land in the bellandur lake and then be towed to the nearby hal airport where they would be kept under warps in hangers .
btm layout : ever wondered what btm stands for ? byrasandra , tavarekere and madivala , the layout got its name from the initials of these three places ; thus btm layout . these three areas are still known seperately too . together they make up btm layout .
hsr layout : hosur sarjapura road layout . this areas lies between two major roads . the hosur road and the sarjapura road .
banashankari : this area is named after the temple of goddess banashankari that lies right in the centre of this area .
basavanagudi : basava + gudi . it means bull + temple . this area is named after the famous bull temple , a temple dedicated to hindu deity nandi ( a . k . a the bull ) .
sadashiva nagar : till the 60s and 70s , this area in bangalore served as the summer destination for the wodeyar kings of mysore and was known as ‘palace orchards’ . later in the 90s , it was renamed as sadashivanagar in the honour of the great kannada freedom fighter and philanthropist karnad sadashiva rao .
nagarbhavi : popularly called the home to ‘bangalore university’ , nagarbhavi is another popular suburb in the city . the word ‘naga’ in kannada means ‘snake’ and ‘bhavi’ means ‘well’ , and thus the name ‘well of snakes’ . the large number of snakes found in this region of bangalore got it the name . the locals also believe , the area got its name due to its well - like shape and form ; small hillocks surrounding nagarbhavi make it look like a well .
jayanagar : jayanagar literally means
victory city
. one school of thought is that the name symbolizes the maharaja of mysore’s first name
jayachamaraja
. the foundation of jayanagar was laid in 1948 . it was one of the first planned neighbourhoods in bangalore and at the time , the largest in asia .
ulsoor : this area is close to mg road in bengaluru . it is the place where first british military station was set up . there used to be a jackfruit orchard near the ulsoor lake , and the kannada name for jackfruit being ‘halasina hannu’ , the area came to be known as halasuru . during the british rule , the name was anglicised to ' ulsoor ' .
majestic : this area acquired its name from a nearby popular cinema theatre by the same name . the majestic bus station , which is the major bus terminal is bengaluru is located on the site of the dharmambudhi lake , which dried up in the early 20th century .
malleswaram : this popular residential area in bengaluru derives its name from the famous kadu malleswara temple , which is located in the same area . it was developed as a planned suburb after the great plague of 1898 . which caused many people to move out of the city center . malleswaram is now almost the city centre .
yelahanka : the city of yelahanka had been in existence prior to 12th century . the region was called ' ilaipakka naadu ' during the rule of cholas . later , during hoysala rein , the city came to be known as ' elavanka ' and gradually shifted to ' yelahanka '
vidyaranyapura : vidyaranyapura is a colony that was formed in the late 1970s . it was formerly owned by a rich landlord , who still owns a large mango garden called dinshaw estate . legends suggest that it may have been a battlefield . the township is named after the great kannada poet , saint and priest , vidyaranya .
kodigehalli : kodigehalli is so called because it was a gift from the king to a resident of that area , who fed him . in kannada , kodige means gift .
this government guest house is situated on palace road , near manikyavelu mansion , which houses the national gallery of modern arts . the latter bears the name of manikyavelu mudaliar , who bought it from the mysore royal family . as to the origin of the former’s name , two competing theories exist . one , that it was given the name by ali asker , and that the name is a corruption of the farsi “bala beravi” , or “may you rise higher” . a more likely explanation , however , is that the name is a tribute to mark cubbon’s origins in the isle of man , where even today a few roads by the same name exist . in manx gaelic , the word means “farm on the river bank” .
seshadri iyer , who served as diwan of mysore in the late 1880s and early 1900s , was part of a number of interrelated developments , all of which shaped the city we now know as bangalore . he promoted the shivanasamudra hydroelectric project , which brought general electric to the region . the kolar gold fields began to be powered in 1902 , and in 1905 , bangalore , by virtue of proximity , became the first city in india to receive electric supply . iyer also convinced krishnaraja wodeyar iv to donate land to establish a scientific institute in the city – the offer of land and an electric supply gave bangalore the edge over bombay , because of which jamsetji tata chose the city to set up the iisc in 1909 . during his time , iyer also had to combat an outbreak of the bubonic plague epidemic in 1898 . as part of measures to prevent the spread of the disease , he established the localities of basavanagudi and malleswaram . this process was less than equitable , and saw protests by members of the upper classes and castes when attempts were made to include the poor and lower castes .
ph benson was a british surgeon who also served as superintendent of the central jail . gh cooke was a collector and president of the municipal commission during the 1920s . d’costa layout , within cooke town , is named after the gentleman who laid it out , a carlos d’costa , who was known to be a skilled town planner .
the question of renaming of maciver town as shantala nagar was moot ; neither are used today to refer to the locality that contains the city’s best known ( and most expensive ) neighbourhoods , including mg road , lavelle road and vittal mallya road . the former name honoured lj maciver , collector and president of the municipal commission of the civil and military station between 1934 and 1937 . maciver also served as president of the bangalore club in 1935 - 36 .
the area , the circle and the road are all named after a gentleman named richmond ( we couldn’t trace his first name ) , a barrister for the british government who was based in madras . the area was officially renamed mirza ismail nagar , after the diwan of mysore from 1926 to 1941 , who was also ali asker’s grandson . ismail was a man ahead of his time . in 1946 , thanks to his efforts , his plan for the retrocession of land in the city which had been occupied by the british was approved . however , after independence , the land fell under the authority of the newly formed mysore state , which then merged with the union of india .
one of india’s earliest test pilots , suranjan das was part of the team that tested the first aircraft designed by the hal , the ht - 2 , which was launched in 1951 . ( it was a training plane intended for the air force , and was used for almost 40 years . it was also the first aircraft to be exported . ) das also travelled around the world testing aircraft and advising the indian government on which models to purchase . he was killed in 1970 , during a test flight , following which the road connecting the main complex of hal ( now on old airport road ) to its engine division ( on old madras road ) was renamed in his honour . das’s wife , veronica loveless , died on december 28 last year .
in 1803 , the british east india company defeated the maratha confederacy in the battle of assaye , now in maharashtra . in the battle , the british were assisted by indian infantry regiments , of which one survives today – the madras engineers group ( it has gone through several changes in name over the centuries ) . the regiment was awarded an honour for the achievement , but after independence , the assaye honour , along with a few others , was declared “repugnant” by the indian government , since it celebrated the victory of a colonial power over an indian resistance . thus the assaye honour can no longer be displayed on flags and uniforms , nor can the victory be celebrated . the memory of the battle , however , lives on in a winding strip of road adjoining wheeler road ( which probably got its name from general john wheeler cleveland , an officer of the british army , after whom cleveland town is also named ) near the meg base .
the fact that an anglo - indian settlement founded in 1882 would be called whitefield might reek of political incorrectness today . but in fact the name was not a territorial assertion at all – the settlement was founded by an anglo - indian gentleman named des white , president of the anglo - indian association of madras , who had somewhat utopian visions for its future as a farming village without divided property ownership . whatever the merits of the idea , he must have pitched it well , since krishnaraja wodeyar iv granted him close to 4 , 000 acres of land to realise it .
one of seshadri iyer’s projects as diwan of mysore was to provide the region with a steady supply of water ( until 1894 , people relied on local tanks and lakes ) . he conceived of a project he called the chamarajendra water works , intended to draw water to the city from the hessaraghatta lake , situated on the arkavathi river . the project , which continued to supply water to the city for almost three decades , was executed by the then chief engineer of mysore , mc hutchins .
before it became a covered market , the area on which russell market now stands was a dry lake bed , which was often used for an open air market . the market is now named after tb russell , an officer of the indian civil services , who proposed the project . it was designed by wh murphy ( after whom murphy town is named ) and opened in 1927 , in a ceremony which cost r269 . 80 to put together .
– this knotty junction , as well as the hudson memorial church nearby , built in 1904 , are named after the missionary joshua hudson .
– kt bhashyam , who has two circles in the city named after him , was a businessman who was involved in attempts to organise mill workers in the 1920s .
– mudaliar was a small - time vegetable trader from tamil nadu whose businesses grew rapidly . he later became a key figure in the construction of the attara kacheri .
– mekhri was a civic - minded businessman who levelled the road from hebbal to the city . he was also a freedom fighter who spent time in jail with the likes of c rajagopalachari .
the establishment of the cantonment in the city would result in vast sections of the city acquiring english names . many of these have been officially changed back to local names over the years , but to little avail – most of the old british names in the city have remained in use .
names with the word “chamaraj” or “krishnaraj” in it are a tribute to the wodeyar kings . although the dynasty ( and the names ) existed many centuries earlier , names like chamarajpet , krishnarajapuram and jayachamarajendra road are in honour of the last kings of the dynasty , who ruled between 1799 and 1950 .
the chieftain of yelahanka now lends his name to a road , a locality and a bus terminus . the origin of the names of all the pete areas ( balepet , nagarthpet , chikpet ) date to this era , and refer to the fort that kempegowda built .
names that end with “sandra” and “mangala” probably belong to this period . “sandra” could refer to the “samudras” or water tanks of the chola period . “mangala” is probably derived from the “chaturvedi mangalams” , the name for an administrative unit during this period .
learn how your dna influences your facial features , taste , smell and other traits .
i am sure many of you have wondered at least once why city ' s main bus stand is called as
majestic
by everyone though it is not the official name .
the bus station was initially called
majestic bus station
or
majestic
because of a popular cinema theatre of the same name nearby . it was later changed to
malleshwara ( called malleshwaram in english - i honestly don ' t know why the extra ' m ' in the end ) got its name , because of
kaadu malleshwara
temple , which is believed to be the oldest temple in bangalore .
basavanagudi has a similar story . the area got its name because of the bull temple there .
infact , many areas / localities in bangalore are named to honor some of the major contributors to india .
halli is kannada word for village you may see a lot of places ending with halli in bangalore and karnataka ( bommanahalli , marathahalli , hoskerahalli etc ) hosa means new in kannada and you can get to see places with that ( hosa road , hosangadi etc ) kere means lake in kannada so places which have some lake around tend to get kere with name ( tavarakere , arekere , arsikere ) also one can see kempegowda being used in front of majestic bus stand ' s name and airport ' s names , for a moment many . think that it will be some politician of region but he was the great warrior in mysore kings armada who established bangalore . some interesting place facts are few abbreviated places of bangalore , such as jp nagar btm and hsr layouts ! ! actually btm stands . f or byrasandra tavarekere and madivala layout where as hsr means hosur sarjapur road layout and jp nagar is respect to jayaprakash narayanan the loknayak ! !
vyhaali is the kannada word for a horse . kaaval means to guard . during the time when bangalore was ruled by kings , there were a lot of stables in this area near malleshwaram . as stables are the places where horses are guarded , this place came to be known as vyhaali - kaaval . the name later got modified to vyalikaval .
madiwala in kannada means a washerman . years when bangalore ended in jayanagar , this area was full of washermen and hence the area got the same name . btm layout actually stands for bommanahalli madiwala tavarekere , the three villages at the outskirts of bangalore at one point in time . b does not stand for byrasandra or bannerghatta .
the area around thimmaiah road , between queen ' s road and kamaraj road , is called black pally . the shivaji nagar bus stand and surrounding areas was a big lake over 150 years ago . this used to attract a lot of water birds , which , usually , are white . the town bordering the lake , therefore , was named after these birds . it was called bili hakki halli , which when transliterated is white birds village ( surely no pun intended ) . bili hakki halli was clearly not going to roll on a british tongue . therefore it was
improvised
( corrupted ? ) to black pally . the name , though , is no longer used . it only exists on a government school board in that place , as far as i can remember .
jayanagar 4th
t
block . has anyone ever wondered why this additional t for the area ? before renaming the area as jayanagar to make it sound urban , its name was
thayappanahalli
. hence to respect the locals and honor the original name the area was renamed to
jayanagar 4th - t block
.
dodda ( big ) isn ' t a telugu word . the word for big in telugu is pedda . also , just because the word kundi also means an ass in kannada ( which might seem distasteful to some , lol ) it doesn ' t mean it won ' t have other meanings . etymologically speaking , kundi / gundi are both words which mean a ditch . so doddanekundi literally means a big ditch where one trapped elephants . pedda nakka vacchindi seems far fetched .
as for domlur , the word
dommalu
means noise / commotion / crowd in kannada . according to the kannada sahitya parishat dictionary . it could be the mosquito one too . but that seems like a forced attempt to establish a cosmopolitan nature to a locality which only recently got engulfed into the larger city of bangalore .
hegganahalli : this name came up just because there were more hegganas ( voles ) in here . when i was small , i was afraid going outside in evening and night just because of them . there were atleast 7 to 8 of them next to my home itself .
sunkadakatte : my grandpa used to say that this was like a tollgate which was next to lake and in kannada sunka means tax and katte means lake .
few people know that btm layout actually an abbreviation of byrasandra , tavarekere and madiwala layout .
chik - pete : the small street . chikka means small . dodda - pete : the big street . dodda means big / large .
you might ' ve heard of
malgudi days
. the
mal
of malgudi days was taken from malleshwaram and the
gudi
was taken from basavanagudi . : )
he led one of the most important administrations in india ' s modern history , overseeing a major economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security .
launched india ' s free market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge .
of modern india for his ability to steer tough economic and political legislation through the parliament at a time when he headed a minority government .
rao ' s term as prime minister proved an eventful one in india ' s history . besides marking a paradigm shift from the socialist based nehruvian style of economy to a market driven one , his years as prime minister also saw the emergence of the bjp , a major right wing party , as an alternative to rao ' s congress , which had been governing india for most of its post - independence history . rao ' s term also oversaw the destruction of the babri mosque in ayodhya which triggered one of the worst hindu muslim riots in the country since its independence .
political isolation , due to his association with corruption charges , marked rao ' s later life . before his death in 2004 , rao had been acquitted on all charges . he died after a heart attack in new delhi , his remains cremated in hyderabad . [ 7 ]
p . v . ranga rao , rao ' s father , belonged to a wealthy telugu brahmin family from a village called vangara ( pedda ) in the karimnagar district of andhra pradesh , india . [ 8 ]
rao studied at the osmania university and at the universities of mumbai and nagpur where he obtained bachelor ' s and master ' s degrees in law . [ 9 ] a polyglot , he could speak 13 languages including urdu , marathi , kannada , hindi , telugu and english with a fluency akin to a native speaker . [ 10 ] his mother tongue had been telugu . as well as seven indian languages , he spoke english , french , arabic , spanish and persian . [ 11 ] along with his cousin pamulaparthi sadasiva rao , rao edited a telugu weekly magazine called kakatiya patrika from 1948 to 1955 .
a freedom fighter , rao had been active during the indian independence movement and joined full time politics after independence as a member of the indian national congress . rao served brief stints in the cabinet ( 1962 - 1971 ) and as chief minister of the state of andhra pradesh ( 1971 - 1973 ) .
when the indian national congress split in 1969 , rao remained loyal to prime minister indira gandhi and stayed so during the emergency period ( 1975 - 1977 ) . he rose to national prominence in 1972 by handling several diverse portfolios , most significantly home , defence and foreign affairs ( 1980 - 1984 ) , in the cabinets of both indira gandhi and rajiv gandhi . speculation ran high that he had been considered for the post of india ' s president along with zail singh in 1982 . [ 12 ]
rao came close to retiring from politics in 1991 , the assassination of the congress president rajiv gandhi prompting him to make a comeback . [ 13 ] as the congress had received the largest number of seats in the 1991 elections , he had the opportunity to head the minority government as prime minister . he had been the first person outside the nehru - gandhi family to serve as prime minister for five continuous years , the first to hail from south india and so the first from the state of andhra pradesh . [ 14 ] since rao ran uncontested the general elections , he now participated in a bye - election to join the parliament . he won election from nandyal with a victory margin of a record 5 lakh votes , the guinness book of world records recording his win . [ 15 ] [ 16 ] his cabinet included sharad pawar , himself a strong contender for the pm ' s job , as defence minister . he also broke convention by appointing an economist , manmohan singh as his finance minister . ( earlier only politicians had occupied that post . )
most indians consider rao ' s major achievement the liberalization of the indian economy , launching of india ' s emergence as a great power . his reforms had been adopted to avert impending international default in 1991 . [ 17 ] the reforms progressed furthest in the areas of opening up to foreign investment , reforming capital markets , deregulating domestic business , and reforming the trade regime . rao set the goals to reduce the fiscal deficit , privatize the public sector , and increase investment in infrastructure . he led trade reform and changes in the regulation of foreign direct investment to open india to foreign trade while stabilizing external loans . rao ' s finance minister , manmohan singh , a trained economist , played a central role in implementing those reforms .
major reforms in india ' s capital markets led to an influx of foreign portfolio investment . the major economic policies adopted by rao include :
abolishing in 1992 the controller of capital issues which decided the prices and number of shares that firms could issue . [ 18 ] [ 19 ]
introducing the sebi act of 1992 and the security laws ( amendment ) which gave sebi the legal authority to register and regulate all security market intermediaries . [ 20 ]
opening in 1992 of india ' s equity markets to investment by foreign institutional investors and permitting indian firms to raise capital on international markets by issuing global depository receipts ( gdrs ) . [ 21 ]
starting in 1994 of the national stock exchange as a computer - based trading system which served as an instrument to leverage reform of india ' s other stock exchanges . the nse emerged as india ' s largest exchange by 1996 . [ 22 ]
reducing tariffs from an average of 85 percent to 25 percent , and rolling back quantitative controls . ( the rupee became convertible on trade account . ) [ 23 ]
encouraging foreign direct investment by increasing the maximum shares of foreign capital in joint ventures from 40 to 51 percent with 100 percent foreign equity permitted in priority sectors . [ 24 ]
streamlining procedures for fdi approvals , and in at least thirty five industries , automatically approving projects within the limits for foreign participation . [ 25 ]
the impact of those reforms led to the total foreign investment ( including foreign direct investment , portfolio investment , and investment raised on international capital markets ) in india growing from a minuscule us $ 132 million in 1991 - 92 to $ 5 . 3 billion in 1995 - 96 . [ 26 ]
rao began industrial policy reforms with the manufacturing sector . he slashed industrial licensing , leaving only eighteen industries subject to licensing . industrial regulation rationalized . [ 27 ]
rao energized the national nuclear security and ballistic missiles program , which ultimately resulted in the 1998 pokhran nuclear tests . some have speculated that the tests had been planned in 1995 , during rao ' s term in office . [ 28 ] he increased military spending , and set the indian army on course to fight the emerging threat of terrorism and insurgencies , as well as pakistan and china ' s nuclear potentials . during his term , terrorism in the indian state of punjab finally ended . [ 29 ] scenarios of plane hijackings , which occurred during rao ' s time ended without the government conceding the terrorists ' demands . [ 30 ] he directed negotiations to secure the release of doraiswamy , an indian oil executive , from kashmiri terrorists who kidnapped him , [ 31 ] and liviu radu , a romanian diplomat posted in new delhi in october 1991 , kidnapped by sikh terrorists . [ 32 ] rao also handled the indian response to the occupation of the hazratbal holy shrine in jammu and kashmir by pakistan - sponsored terrorists in october 1993 . [ 33 ] he brought the occupation to an end without damage to the shrine . similarly , he dealt with the kidnapping of some foreign tourists by a terrorist group called al faran in kashmir in 1995 effectively . although he failed to secure the release of the hostages , his policies ensured that the terrorists demands went unmet , and that the international community , even pakistan , condemned the action . [ 34 ]


global air routes is a 14-minute 1944 canadian documentary film produced by the national film board of canada , directed and edited by stuart legg .

the film is part of the the world in action series .

legg directed a number of documentaries for both the world in action and earlier canada carries on series .

many of the documentaries were created as morale-boosting propaganda films during the second world war .

global air routes

the economy minister also said the new air routes task force would to help him devise new policies and interventions to improve the north ' s air connectivity .
the scientists simulated climate - optimized flight routes for 40 , 000 lufthansa flights , which in models succeeded in reducing the overall climate warming effects .
even net - cooling air traffic
was realized on some european routes , stated the report .
suh hh , bahadori t , vallarino j , spengler jd . criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants .
increasing global air traffic is commonly regarded as a climate catastrophe , with the aviation industry alone comprising 5 percent of greenhouse gases produced annually .
let ' s be honest , we ' ve struggled to secure and maintain air routes to key cities and markets . i ' m not satisfied with sitting back and saying that because we are small we can ' t sustain air routes to places like the us , canada and the middle east as well as hubs around europe .
the following points summarize the role of global circulations in producing long - range transport .
i want us to aggressively pursue new routes that will help us attract tourists and boost our international trade links .
schuessler n , axhausen kw . processing raw data from global positioning systems without additional information .
the new trade plan will try to expand the north ' s international presence by the end of next year , while the creation of an air routes task force will help to devise new policies and interventions to improve northern ireland ' s air connectivity .
witness the snowbirds’ fitness with this short film from the canada vignettes series . officially known as the royal canadian air force’s 431 air demonstration squadron , the snowbirds are canada’s air show flight demonstration team .
maddison r , mhurchu cn . global positioning system : a new opportunity in physical activity measurement .
global services members have the best award availability , and generally get the best united customer service .
global services members get access to a dedicated phone line with extremely helpful agents . image courtesy of
on the one hand , there is the possibility to close particularly climate - damaging air routes for air transport ,
explained urban weißhaar , a flight route expert at lufthansa systems .
the other possibility is the inclusion of cloud formation in emissions trading .
stormont economy minister simon hamilton is to develop a new international trade plan and air routes task force for northern ireland in a bid to
seize the opportunities presented by the uk exiting the eu
.
“to assist me , i ' m establishing a new air routes task force . its job will be to help me to develop a range of policies and interventions that we can utilise to open up new connections .
under the direction of dlr and in cooperation with the german meteorological service ( dwd ) and the german air traffic control ( deutsche flugsicherung ) , meilinger has analyzed lufthansa flights to assess the possibility of designing air traffic routes that limit climate damage . ideally , they should even contribute to climate protection .
this all depends on the route the plane flies .
with our current routes , we have an overall warming effect ,
meilinger told dw .
stopher p , fitzgerald c , zhang j . search for a global positioning system device to measure person travel .
a particular problem for air traffic is emissions is the high altitude . in addition to co2 , production of nitrogen oxide through jet engine exhaust produces ozone , a major cause of global warming .
navidi w , lurmann f . measurement error in air - pollution exposure assessment .
air travel is bad for the climate - but it doesn ' t have to be . climate - friendly flight routes and renewable jet fuel could make flying in planes way more environmentally friendly - this would just need to be implemented .
in this monday , june 12 , 2017 photo , passengers arrive at the hamad international airport in doha , qatar . an ap videojournalist recounts her struggle to fly back home to dubia after a diplomatic dispute with arab gulf countries saw qatar , a hub of global air travel , cut off from local flight routes . ( ap photo / malak harb )
duncan mj , mummery wk , dascombe bj . utility of global positioning system to measure active transport in urban areas .
rodriguez da , brown al , troped pj . portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry - based physical activity monitors .
volker grewe of dlr is in favor of reducing the climate impacts of air travel .
bringing more people to these shores requires better air connections ,
he said .
michael y , mcgregor em , allen j , fickas s . observing outdoor activity using global positioning system - enabled cell phones .
united has 24 global first lounges around the globe , and they’re usually restricted to those with an international first - class ticket . these lounges are sometimes in a different stratosphere than the average united club ( though they’re still hardly amazing ) . typically you need to be booked in united global first to enter , but global services members can enter with an international business - class ticket .
in this monday , june 12 , 2017 photo , qatari and other nationals queue at the check in counters of the hamad international airport in doha , qatar . an ap videojournalist recounts her struggle to fly back home to dubia after a diplomatic dispute with arab gulf countries saw qatar , a hub of global air travel , cut off from local flight routes . ( ap photo / malak harb )
with global services , your upgrades clear into the higher - priority pn fare class , giving you better odds of riding up front .
conversely , africa sees much lower volumes of air travel . in may , raphael kuuchi from the international air transport association ( iata ) highlighted the work needed to boost aviation across the continent .
the simplified view of the global circulation described above becomes more complex when the effects of continents and oceans are included . global sea - level pressure patterns and surface winds for january and july are shown in figure b . 4 . focusing on the northern hemisphere , the janu -
[ 7 ] g . bisignani , “state of the air transport industry” , address to the annual general meeting , international air transport association , vancouver , june 2006 , www . iata . org .
in asia , significant air travel is seen in the far east – particularly in china and japan .
rainham d , krewski d , mcdowell i , sawada m , liekens b . development of a wearable global positioning system for place and health research .
elgethun k , fenske ra , yost mg , palcisko gj . time - location analysis for exposure assessment studies of children using a novel global positioning system instrument .
phillips ml , hall ta , esmen na , lynch r , johnson dl . use of global positioning system technology to track subject’s location during environmental exposure sampling .
although not yet ready to be used commercially , such a system offers the potential to track and coordinate aircraft movements in areas not covered by radar . this would allow distances between planes to be lowered , boosting global air traffic capacity and at the same time improving safety .
the dup minister said the north
must become more forward - thinking and outward - looking
as it attempts to become a major player in the global economy .
[ 2 ] air transport association of america ( ata ) , 2007 economic report , www . airlines . org .
the map highlights the sheer volume of global air traffic . both the us and europe become a sea of yellow during daylight hours . you can also see the direction of travel between europe and north america – generally towards europe during the night , and then the reverse during the day .
note that this doesn’t mean those in global services can create an award ticket on any flight at any time , as united often chooses to leave t and r zeroed out . this tends to happen on high - demand routes where giving up free seats would not make business sense . still , it’s a tremendous benefit and more times than not a t fare is available — and r at times as well .
from 2025 , other climate effects of air traffic such as cloud formation would also be included in the emissions trading price .
once an air pollutant is released into the atmosphere , chemical , microphysical , and meteorological factors determine how it is distributed . the location of air pollution sources with respect to local , regional , and global air circulation patterns influences how efficiently pollutants are transported and dispersed . the winds transport air both horizontally and vertically . vertical transport is important when considering long - range pollutant transport because pollutants distributed to higher altitudes usually encounter stronger winds that provide rapid transport to distant locations . atmospheric stability , controlled by how temperature varies with height , determines whether vertical transport will be slow or rapid . after emission , pollutants may undergo chemical transformation , be subjected to depletion processes such as particle scavenging and dry or wet deposition , or mix into the atmosphere to become a component of the background concentration . this appendix provides a general description of the atmosphere and a synopsis of air circulation and weather patterns that influence the distribution of air pollutants .
[ 1 ] international air transport association ( iata ) , fact sheet : world industry statistics , www . iata . org .
the busyness of modern airspace poses significant challenges for air traffic controllers . but help could be on the horizon – from space .
as stated earlier , united has a system of fare codes , and the fare code for upgrades for most customers is r . however , for those in global services , upgrades clear into the pn fare code . this means that global services have much better chances of upgrading than everyone else , though pn is not always available — particularly for flights with high demand .
air travel has substantially increased since the creation of the eu ' s single aviation market 25 years ago . the number of daily flights has increased from less than 10 , 000 in 1992 to around 23 , 000 in 2016 . in addition passengers now have access to more destinations . today there are around 7 , 400 routes compared to less than 2 , 700 in 1992 .
meilinger ' s research team developed software for climate - optimized flight routes which , once combined with weather forecast data , meant planes could avoid regions with warming clouds . moreover , regions for cooling cloud formation on the flight route could also be targeted .
recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent . pollutants from traffic , cooking stoves , and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health . the relative importance of this
imported
pollution is likely to increase , as emissions in developing countries grow , and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened .
it may not be as mysterious as the amex centurion card , but the invite - only united elite status known as global services is still shrouded in a fair amount of secrecy . what is clear is that it takes some serious spending to qualify ; according to many sources , that means at least $ 50 , 000 in a calendar year to be considered for global services .
an on - air mistake during one of his broadcast was , “western farmers are expecting their biggest crap in years . ” funny .
replacing jet fuel made from fossil fuels with more renewable sources would also be a fundamental step on the road to sustainable air travel .
winer am , paulson se . sacramento , ca : california air resources board ; 2010 . investigation and characterization of air pollution concentrations and gradients in port - adjacent communities and west and downtown los angeles using a mobile platform . draft final report contract no . 04–348 .
the biggest benefit to global services is the excellent service that is given to those with the status . they receive what can only be described as the royal treatment . below , some examples :
the greatest potential lies in preventing the creation of clouds .
condensation trails and fog clouds are formed out of ice crystals in certain weather conditions ,
meilinger explained . climate - optimized flight routes would work by avoiding such weather , hence limiting cloud generation .
cloud formation with climate impact could be priced , like co2 emissions . airlines with climate - friendly routes could gain an advantage by paying less money for pollution certificates - making any additional costs by a small detour very worthwhile . for climate protection , at least .
global circulations during the northern hemisphere summer ( figure b . 4b ) are quite different from those during winter . low pressure , not high pressure , now dominates the continents , producing the seasonal wind
elgethun k , yost mg , fitzpatrick cte , nyerges tl , fenske ra . comparison of global positioning system ( gps ) tracking and parent - report diaries to characterize children’s time - location patterns .
united’s global services is one of the more mysterious status levels in the world of loyalty programs ; it’s dedicated to high spenders , and unless you’re a member you can’t view the full list of benefits . however , thanks to some sources lucky enough to hold this status , tpg contributor vikram birring is here with a rundown of the best global services perks . read ( and dream ) on !
with climate - optimized flight routes , however , the negative effects of flying can also be reduced and can
even go in the opposite direction ,
according to stefanie meilinger of the international center for sustainable development at bonn - rhein - sieg university in germany .
people’s time - location patterns are important in air pollution exposure assessment because pollution levels may vary considerably by location . a growing number of studies are using global positioning systems ( gps ) to track people’s time - location patterns . many portable gps units that archive location are commercially available at a cost that makes their use feasible for epidemiological studies .
lucky enough to check in an airport with a global first check - in area ? you can visit a dedicated check - in lounge , and you’ll be taken to the front of the security line .
global sources of local pollution examines the impact of the long - range transport of four key air pollutants ( ozone , particulate matter , mercury , and persistent organic pollutants ) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the united states . it also explores the environmental impacts of u . s . emissions on other parts of the world . the book recommends that the united states work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies .
climate - friendly air travel - say what ? | environment | all topics from climate change to conservation | dw | 05 . 07 . 2017
global services ( and generally 1k ) members have their food orders taken first in premium cabins . this sometimes creates confusion , and at worst jealousy and tension from others in the cabin . however , global services members are the highest - priority united customers , and there are usually only two or three entrée types to order — with limited quantities of each — so giving first dibs on food orders is a small way of saying thanks from united . also , as of january , global services ( and 1k ) members also get free food from united’s choice menu if sitting in economy , along with a free drink .
here , things get a bit heated . we’re introduced to the royal canadian air force ‘s 32 overseas squadrons and witness canadian airplanes destroy a german munitions train .
[ 6 ] j . heimlich , “outlook : reaching for the skies ? ” , air transport association of america , www . airlines . org . january 2007
it is noteworthy that air masses also can be transported long distances without being lifted ( i . e . , the air and its pollutants remain in the lower troposphere ) . this generally occurs in the absence of transient synoptic systems that would contain mechanisms for ascent ( e . g . , the wcb ) . arctic
to reach the goals of the paris climate agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees celsius , every person on earth would be limited to producing an average of only 2 tons of co2 annually over the next 30 years .
integrating air traffic into emissions trading could be another important way to achieve more climate - friendly air travel . one proposal suggest that by 2020 , all airlines should pay $ 10 ( around 9 euros ) per ton of co2 emitted , but that the price of these pollution permits should increase to $ 80 dollars per ton by 2030 .
with a new global agreement to guide governments toward climate protection , personal action is more important than ever . from riding your bike to shopping organic , here are some simple ways you can help save the climate . ( 15 . 12 . 2015 )
) were selected based on their potential for tracking people’s time - location patterns in air pollution epidemiological studies . we have used the dg - 100 from globalsat in a previous study
away from the equator . thus , the meridional flow is equatorward at low levels and poleward above . the middle latitudes ( 30° - 60° ) are dominated by transient cyclones ( low - pressure areas ) and anticyclones ( high - pressure areas ) , especially during the winter . in the long term mean the region is characterized by sinking air near 30° and rising air at its northern boundary ( ~ 60° ) , corresponding to the location of the polar front . this region sometimes is denoted the ferrell cell ( not depicted in figure b . 3 ) . the polar troposphere ( 60° - 90° ) is dominated by rising air near 60° and sinking air over the poles , sometimes denoted the polar cell .
global services members are invited to board before all other united customers , with the possible exception of those in the military . this may not be a real advantage , however , as there tends to be plenty of space in the overhead bins of first / business class , where global services members tend to travel . plus , united boarding procedure tends to take about 45 minutes , so it could end up being unnecessary extra time for some — while for others it could be a head start on drinking on board .
wind speeds in the troposphere generally increase with altitude . thus , the vertical motion experienced by air parcels is vitally important since pollutants that are transported from near the surface to higher altitudes usually will be horizontally transported the most rapidly . areas of rising air tend to be smaller and shorter lived than areas of subsidence , which generally cover larger areas and persist longer .
this book will be useful to international , federal , state , and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well - being .
the european space agency’s proba - v is primarily designed to monitor vegetation growth . however , the mini - satellite ( it’s smaller than a cubic metre ) can also monitor air traffic movements .
wallace l , nelson w , ziegenfus r , et al . the los angeles team study : personal exposures , indoor - outdoor air concentrations , and breath concentrations of 25 volatile organic compounds .
one of the newest benefits is that if a global services member has a purchased business - class ticket , and a companion is in economy class , the companion will be bumped into business class ( pn code ) — so long as the member has the proper upgrade in his / her account and there’s availability within 24 - 72 hours of the flight . this is a great perk , as many global services passengers’ premium tickets are paid for by employers in the first place — and who wants to leave their companion in economy while they travel in luxury ?
this is the first of 2 nfb films about planes released in 1944 . as opposed to its train - busting counterpart below , this deliciously retro 15 - minute doc focuses on the civil aviation side of things , giving an account of the development of air transport during wwii and , according to the synopsis , “highlighting the contribution of air transport to world unity . ” ( ah planes . )
as its name implies the cold conveyor belt is located completely within the cold sector of the cyclone ( figure b . 6 ) . the low - level air flows toward the west along the north ( cold side ) of the surface warm frontal position . during part of this route , the wcb is overhead . as cold air approaches the center of the cyclone the air begins to ascend into the middle troposphere while making a clockwise loop , eventually reversing direction and combining with the wcb in the upper troposphere . the role of the cold conveyor belt in transporting pollutants aloft has received relatively little attention .
some 100 , 000 flights take off and land every day across the world . if you’re struggling to visualize this incredible volume of daily air traffic , this animated map might help put it into perspective .
the jet streams are important distributors of air pollutants for two reasons . they create major areas of air exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere . and the strong winds of the jet stream can rapidly transport pollutants . for example , if one assumes an average wind speed of 35 m s – 1 ( ~ 70 kt ) at 40° latitude , an eastward - moving air parcel will circumnavigate the globe in only 10 days . the stratosphere , which extends to ~ 50 km , has regions of strong winds , but virtually no turbulent mixing except for occasional overshooting thunderstorms , certain types of lightning , and occasional thin clouds .
tager i , hammond sk , balmes j , et al . sacramento , ca : california air resources board ; 2006 . fresno asthmatic children’s environment study ( faces ) . final report contract no . 99–322 .
shows the percentage of gps data falling within 10 - m and 20 - m buffers of the corresponding doqq routes under mobile conditions . we did not show 5 - m buffer results because usually a road was more than 10 m wide and the reported accuracy of the gps devices ranged from 2–5 m according to the product specifications . all the devices performed well while in a passenger vehicle on the i - 5 and i - 405 freeways , with > 75 % ( the 1st run ) and > 88 % ( the 2nd run ) of points within 10 - m of the corresponding doqq route except wbt - 201 in the 1st run . gps performance during walking did not differ much between the uci route and the la route in the 1st run but higher accuracy was observed on the uci route in the 2nd run . despite dense high buildings surrounding the la bus route , the performance of the gps devices was only slightly better on the uci bus route than on the la bus route . in downtown la , somewhat better gps performance was observed for traveling by bus and car than by walking , possibly because the driving or bus routes were further away from adjacent high buildings than sidewalk walking routes .
sometimes , the p code ( a business - class fare ) is available , but pn is not . within 24 hours , a nice global services agent may bump you into business class even though the pn upgrade code is not available . this is not guaranteed , but it’s a wonderful benefit when it happens .
though air travel is more popular than ever , the vast majority of people in the world have never been on a plane . as that dynamic slowly changes , the environment stands to suffer . is flying less the only solution ?
the international airline industry provides service to virtually every corner of the globe , and has been an integral part of the creation of a global economy . the airline industry itself is a major economic force , both in terms of its own operations and its impacts on related industries such as aircraft manufacturing and tourism , to name but two . few other industries generate the amount and intensity of attention given to airlines , not only among its participants but from government policy makers , the media , and almost anyone who has an anecdote about a particular air travel experience .
global services members , on the other hand , have their own phone line , and hold times tend to be nonexistent . also , the agents are based in the united states and are extremely helpful . they’re known to do anything in their power to help the passenger . if only this was the case for all united customers !
according to data provided by germany ' s federal environment agency ( uba ) , germany subsidizes air flights to the tune of 12 billion euros per year - mainly by exempting ticket prices from sales tax and jet fuel from energy tax .
the list goes on , but the reason why global services members are treated so well is because they are united’s highest - revenue customers . if you ( and / or your employer ) spend enough on airfare to earn this exclusive status , you’ll enjoy the best customer service , upgrade priority and other perks the airline has to offer .
as the crow flies provides a rare insider’s glimpse into the royal canadian air cadets’ intensive seven - week flight training camp . filmmaker tess girard sat down with one of the female subjects to discuss life before , during and after the film .
this seems to be the most fascinating of all the benefits . if a global services member has an extremely tight connection , an agent will be waiting at the front of the plane to accompany the passenger and baggage into a waiting mercedes - benz , which will drive them directly to the waiting plane . this is the definition of vip services .
i love airplanes . when i was a young and innocent 20 - something , i took a job as a flight attendant with air creebec , a native - owned airline that services cree communities in northern quebec and ontario . it was grand .
[ 3 ] air transport association of america ( ata ) , statement on the state of the airline industry , statement for the record of the sub - committee on aviation , transportation and infrastructure committee , us house of representatives , june 2004 .
suddenly , the air route between the two cities that typically saw dozens of daily flights had none . and as i finished up my reporting on the crisis , i suddenly had a new challenge in trying to figure out how to get home .
figure b . 2 cross - section of mean potential temperature ( k ) from 30° n to the north pole . note that the isentropes slope upward toward the pole . air parcels move along isentropic surfaces when no heat energy is added or subtracted .
it often is important to determine the source of air pollution at a specific location or where pollution from a given source will be located in the future . the basic concept is simple if one has an accurate four - dimensional ( x , y , z , t ) representation of temperature and wind . one simply uses the data to advect air parcels backward or forward over increments of time . accurately applying this concept is very difficult because of the myriad types and scales of processes that affect transport .
european air connectivity in international air transport is equally dependent on foreign and eu airlines . when flying to or from the eu , all air carriers are granted the same rights . this may not always be the case for eu airlines when operating outside of the eu . in the absence of international rules , eu airlines may be subject to practices affecting competition . in the long run this could also affect the eu ' s connectivity , impacting the union ' s competitiveness and limiting the choices of travellers . the commission is therefore proposing a new tool to ensure that eu airlines can compete on the basis of equal opportunities and connectivity can be safeguarded . it will allow the eu to take appropriate action , should certain practices put the eu’s connectivity at risk .
over the course of two weeks , the international civil aviation organization ( icao ) will be struggling with a big question : how can aviation ' s co2 emissions be reduced - even as air travel continues to grow worldwide ? ( 26 . 09 . 2016 )
an important characteristic of free tropospheric air movement is that air parcels experiencing no exchange of heat energy conserve their potential temperature and thus move along surfaces of constant potential temperature ( isentropic surfaces ) . exceptions are regions of cloud cover where radiative processes and water vapor phase changes can be major sources or sinks of heat . in addition , air parcels in the surface boundary layer undergo temperature changes due to exchanges of radiation with earth’s surface . isentropic surfaces slope upward toward the north , with isentropic values increasing vertically ( figure b . 2 ) . as a result poleward moving air conserving its potential temperature tends to ascend , while equatorward - moving air tends to sink . this concept has applications for pollution transport into the arctic ( stohl et al . , 2006 ; law and stohl , 2007 ) . specifically , pollution - laden parcels beginning at low altitudes and heading north that conserve their potential temperature will ascend to the middle troposphere . conversely , for low - level parcels to remain near the surface during northward excursions , they either must be very cold initially or undergo considerable loss of heat due to passing over ice - covered surfaces , especially during the long polar winter seasons . northern eurasia is sufficiently cold that its pollutants can be transported quasi - horizontally to the arctic , making it a major source of arctic pollution during winter .
another priority is to enhance the efficiency of european skies by reducing its fragmentation , which is responsible for eur 3 billion of extra costs a year and 50 million tonnes of co 2 , and by minimising air traffic disruption . today the commission is therefore inviting member states and aviation stakeholders to consider a number of good practices to ensure air service continuity in the event of industrial action . these practices do not question the fundamental right to strike , but rather aim to improve service continuity and minimise disruption to the european network for airlines and passengers . between 2005 and 2016 , more than 243 , 000 flights were cancelled due to industrial action in air traffic management , affecting around 27 million passengers . the good practices put forward by the commission draw on a number of existing practices across the eu member states .
retired air vice - marshal thomas a . lawrence , leader of the 1927 - 28 aerial survey expedition to ungava bay and the hudson strait reminisces on the early days of canadian aviation ( in general ) and the challenges of flying under arctic conditions ( in particular ) .
the arctic lower troposphere is isolated from the rest of the atmosphere by its very cold air , i . e . , the arctic front . however , the front is not zonally symmetric , and can extend to 40°n over eurasia during january . thus , northern eurasia is the major source of arctic pollution during winter . air from further south can be transported to the arctic , but only in the middle and upper troposphere . during summer , the transport is from the north atlantic ocean , across the high arctic , and toward the north pacific .
the kinematic method utilizes the three dimensional wind components at an initial location to advect air parcels over an interval of time . once at the new location and time the wind components at that location and time are used to advect the parcel . the process continues for the desired time period . as with isentropic trajectories the wind data are from numerical meteorological models whose grid spacing typically varies from ~ 50 to 150 km for global data , down to a few km for regional models . the models typically contain approximately 50 levels in the vertical , often with closer spacing near the surface and near tropopause level . an example of 10 - day backward trajectories is shown in figure b . 9 .
since the deregulation of us airlines in 1978 , the pressure on governments to reduce their involvement in the economics of airline competition has spread to most of the rest of the world . the us experience with airline deregulation is perceived to be a success by other countries , as the overall benefits to the vast majority of air travelers have been clearly demonstrated . while us domestic air travel grew at rates significantly greater than prior to deregulation , average real fares declined since deregulation and today remain at less than half of 1978 levels [ 2 ] . several successful new entrant and low - fare airlines had a great impact both on airline pricing practices and on the public’s expectations of low - priced air travel . and , despite worries at the time of deregulation that competitive cost pressures might lead to reduced maintenance standards , there is no statistical evidence that airline safety deteriorated .
the recent growth of low - fare air travel options combined with a reduced willingness on the part of business travelers to pay the higher air fares charged by network carriers played a major role in contributing to the poor financial performance of traditional network airlines , both in the us and in many other countries . in the us , low - fare airlines ( also known as low cost carriers or “lccs” ) exhibited slow but steady growth since deregulation , but low - fare carriers accounted for less than 7 % of us domestic air passengers in 1991 . as shown in figure 3 , lccs grew more rapidly in the us since the mid - 1990s , to the point that they carried 25 % of all us domestic traffic as a group in 2005 [ 4 ] . the largest low - fare airlines in the us industry include southwest , jetblue , airtran , and frontier .
as the pbl collapses with the onset of evening , pollutants that were transported aloft by turbulence remain , forming a residual layer ( stull , 1988 ) that is decoupled from the surface and thereby experiences stronger wind speeds than air within the pbl ( angevine et al . 1996 ) . most turbulence in the free troposphere ( above the pbl ) is produced by an optimum combination of temperature lapse rate and the degree to which the prevailing winds vary with height ( wind shear ) . although the forcing mechanisms differ , the effect is the same—turbulence in the free atmosphere thoroughly mixes the air .
global flow patterns in the middle and upper troposphere ( figure b . 5 ) are simpler than those near the surface . prominent features are easterly flow in the deep tropics , clockwise flow around the semipermanent high - pressure regions in the subtropics , and circumpolar cyclonic flow . the prevailing westerlies , which contain north to south undulations cover a major portion of the northern hemisphere . the westerlies are stronger during winter than summer .
stability that suppresses vertical motion . layers containing temperature inversions ( a negative lapse rate ) are very stable , greatly inhibiting vertical transport and promoting the accumulation of pollutants . inversions in the troposphere can occur when the surface is colder than the overlying air and in subsiding air , which occurs in regions of high pressure . the stratosphere is a permanently stable region , with a near zero lapse rate between 11 and 20 km and increasingly negative ( stable ) rates above . as a result of this stability pollutants injected into the stratosphere tend to remain there for much longer periods than in the troposphere .
weisel cp , zhang j , turpin bj , et al . boston , ma : health effects institute ; 2005 . relationships of indoor , outdoor , and personal air ( riopa ) . part i . collection methods and descriptive analyses . research report no . 1041 - 5505 ; pp . 1–107 .
this one’s about another canadair plane , the challenger . a totally new type of aircraft , this super - executive jet was faster , cheaper to fly , and more comfortable than any other business jet out there . would it make it off the drawing board and into the air ? watch and see .
i learned to appreciate the thrill and immediacy of small aircrafts ( king air 100s , dhc - 3 otters ) but more importantly , to trust maintenance and flight crews to keep us safe and sound despite the mayhem that comes with flying propeller airplanes ( we flew mostly dhc - 8 - 100s ) into northern canada’s winter wonderland .
however , for those in global services , an award ticket can be created if there are seats available in the t and / or r buckets ( though some reports state that r isn’t always guaranteed to work ) . to see what seats are available in what buckets , log in to your united account and turn on expert mode . then , when you search for tickets based on price , you can see all the fare buckets and the number of seats in each bucket .
turbulence is the prime example of microscale circulations . turbulence is important in pollution transport because it can thoroughly mix the air and its pollutants . a well - mixed layer is characterized by vertically uniform concentrations of pollutants , water vapor , and potential temperature . the depth of the mixed layer is denoted the planetary boundary layer ( pbl ) .
the dry air intrusion ( di ) of a middle - latitude cyclone originates in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ( figure b . 6 ) . it is located on the poleward side of the cyclone and descends into the middle to lower troposphere . the di is characterized by subsidence and often by regions of much lower tropopause height ( tropopause folds ) that are related to the jet stream aloft . thus , the di can transport upper tropospheric or stratospheric air into the middle or lower troposphere . some authors have described a cold , dry post - cold - frontal airstream in the middle to lower troposphere beneath the di and behind the surface cold front ( cooper et al . , 2001 ) .
in terms of aircraft productivity , the legacy carriers also made big gains , stemming in large part from the shift of larger and longer - range aircraft to international routes . domestically , they tried to replicate the productivity strategies of lccs , by eliminating fixed connecting banks at many hubs and moving to “continuous” or “rolling” banks that shortened aircraft ground times . still , despite all of their efforts to improve aircraft productivity , the legacy carriers have not been able to match the utilization rates ( block hours per day of aircraft operation ) that lccs have been achieving ( figure 6 ) . for example , southwest and jet blue continue to hold a clear advantage in this measure of productivity [ 5 ]
this next film tackles a vastly more sombre topic : the deeds of canadian pilots who served in the air force bomber command in britain during wwii . told they would be targeting factories and military targets , the airmen were actually ordered to drop their payloads on civilians in an attempt to annihilate the enemy . sensitive souls be warned : viewer discretion is advised .
figure b . 8 cross section perpendicular to a squall line ( adapted from houze et al . , 1989 ) . large hollow arrows identify the ascending front to rear inflow ( left ) and core updraft transporting air to the cloud top and forward anvil ( right ) . black arrows represent the rear inflow jet supporting the cold pool generation directly below the core updraft .
in summary , deep convection is a very efficient transporter of boundary layer air to the free troposphere ( dickerson et al . , 1987 ; park et al . , 2001 ) . cotton et al . ( 1995 ) estimated an annual flux of 4 . 95 × 10 1 9 kg of boundary layer air by cloud systems ( including extratropical cyclones ) , which represents a venting of the entire boundary layer about 90 times a year . calculations for the central united states suggest that nearly 50 percent of boundary layer co is transported to the free troposphere by deep convection during summer ( thompson et al . , 1994 ) , while a typical middle latitude squall line was found to transport of 9 . 9 × 10 3 tons of co out of
on a global scale and especially in the united states , the airline industry has been in a financial crisis for much of this new century . the problems that began with the economic downturn at the beginning of 2001 reached almost catastrophic proportions after the terror attacks of september 11 , 2001 . in the united states alone , the industry posted cumulative net losses of over $ 40 billion from 2001 to 2005 , and only in 2006 was it able to return to the black with a total net profit of just over $ 3 billion [ 2 ] .
also , global services members can guarantee upgrades at time of booking if the pn fare code is available at that time . finally , complimentary upgrades also book into the pn fare code at 120 hours before the flight ; one non - gs companion on the same reservation is eligible for upgrade into pn as well . the exception is waitlisting , which puts gs members at the top of the waitlist and clear as soon as pn availability opens up , though our own zach honig wrote about a recent “surprise and delight” program that has been implemented for elites recently .
mountain and valley circulations also are diurnally varying mesoscale thermal circulations . in this case the horizontal temperature gradient is due to altitude differences . during the day , the mountains act as an elevated heat source , causing air and its pollutants to rise up the side of the sloping terrain . under summertime fair weather conditions three times the volume of the valley can be lofted into the free troposphere each day ( henne et al . , 2004 ) . if conditions are favorable , the ascent can lead to thunderstorm development along the mountain tops . at higher altitudes away from the mountains the air sinks into the surrounding valleys . at night the horizontal temperature gradient reverses , producing downslope flow into the nearby valley that is assisted by gravity . this can lead to an accumulation of pollutants in the valley .
doha ' s brand - new hamad international airport , which cost over $ 15 billion to build , was quiet on friday afternoon when i set out to return home . but the line at the oman air counters moved slowly . staff there said most catching flights were those trying to go to dubai . typically , business travelers and those working in the region routinely shuttle between cities with relative ease .
in the us airline industry , approximately 100 certificated passenger airlines operate over 11 million flight departures per year , and carry over one - third of the world’s total air traffic – us airlines enplaned 745 million passengers in 2006 . us airlines reported over $ 160 billion in total revenues , with approximately 545 , 000 employees and over 8 , 000 aircraft operating 31 , 000 flights per day [ 2 ] . the economic impacts of the airline industry range from its direct effects on airline employment , company profitability and net worth to the less direct but very important effects on the aircraft manufacturing industry , airports , and tourism industries , not to mention the economic impact on virtually every other industry that the ability to travel by air generates . commercial aviation contributes 8 percent of the us gross domestic product , according to recent estimates [ 3 ] .
options on other airlines had me traveling over 10 hours . that was too much . but i got lucky when a last - minute cancellation got me on an oman air flight to muscat , the capital of the sultanate . that flight and another to dubai cost 1 , 805 dirhams ( $ 490 ) . it still was a lot , but i was happy to get a ticket . the airline has since increased the frequency of its flights to doha .
low - pressure areas are important regions of strong horizontal and vertical pollution transport . locations of cyclone initiation ( cyclogenesis ) and their subsequent storm tracks are important in determining the routes of long - range pollution transport . once a cyclone begins to form it is “steered” by upper tropospheric flow patterns , generally toward the east . important areas of cyclogenesis are located over eastern asia and the western pacific ocean , as well as the east coast of north america . cyclones forming in these areas are important mechanisms for transporting pollutants from the east coasts of both asia and north america ( merrill and moody , 1996 ; cooper et al . , 2002a , b ; stohl et al . , 2002 ) . another preferred region of cyclogenesis is downwind of major mountain ranges such as the rocky mountains or the alps . it is noteworthy that europe and western asia are not major regions of cyclone formation or transit .
without mountain and valley circulations mountain ranges could block the horizontal transport of pollutants . if the daytime upslope flow is sufficiently strong , the polluted air can rise up and over the mountains and be transported away from its source by the stronger winds aloft . mexico city is a prime example of where terrain - induced circulations strongly affect pollution concentrations ( fast et al . , 2007 ; lei et al . , 2007 ; de foy et al . , 2008 ) .
boundary layer turbulence appears to be the major source of vertical transport in parts of asia . dickerson et al . ( 2007 ) found that the warm - sector pbl air ahead of a cold front was highly polluted while in the free troposphere , concentrations of trace gases and aerosols were less but still well above background . they concluded that dry convection appears to dominate vertical transport , with warm conveyor belts first coming into play as the cyclonic systems move off the coast .
synoptic circulation features have sizes of ~ 1 , 000 - 2 , 000 km and lifetimes of several days to a week . transient middle - latitude cyclones ( lows ) and anticyclones ( highs ) are prime examples of these circulations . anticyclones generally are regions of tranquil weather with sinking air that leads to relatively cloud - free skies and stable conditions that suppress mixing and tend to trap pollutants . their light winds also reduce horizontal transport . anticyclones with little forward motion allow these stagnating conditions to persist over days or even weeks .
more generally , the long - range intercontinental transport of pollutants can be considered a two - step process . first , the pollutants must be transported vertically out of the boundary layer where winds are relatively light and into the free troposphere where winds are stronger , especially near the jet stream . once in the free troposphere the pollutants are transported quasi - horizontally by larger wind systems such as the prevailing westerlies . the strength of the winds determines how rapidly the transport will occur , and there can be considerable mixing with stratospheric air above the troposphere .
the airline industry is in the midst of a dramatic restructuring that involves even more fundamental changes than those experienced following its deregulation in 1978 . yet , nearly three decades after deregulation – and after multiple cycles of financial successes and failures – the industry remains fragile . competitive pressure from low - cost carriers , the loss of consumer confidence in the air transportation system’s reliability and operating performance , and the transparency of pricing facilitated by the internet and online travel distribution channels have all contributed to a precipitous decline in average fares and a significant impact on airline revenues .