barring out is the former custom in english schools of barring a schoolmaster from the premises .

a typical example of this practice was at the school in bromfield , cumbria , where it was the custom " for the scholars , at fasting 's even ( the beginning of lent ) to depose and exclude the master from the school for three days . "

during this period the school doors were barricaded and the boys armed with mock weapons .

if the master 's attempts to re-enter were successful , extra tasks were inflicted as a penalty , and willingly performed by the boys .

on the third day terms of capitulation , usually in latin verse , were signed , and these always conceded the immediate right to indulge in football and a cockfight .

the custom was long retained at eton college and figures in many school stories , including the story " the barring out : or party spirit " in the parent 's assistant by maria edgeworth ( 1796 ) , and the 1948 billy bunter story " barring out " . ) more serious incidents of barring out reportedly took place at the royal school , armagh , and belfast royal academy in northern ireland ; and at the royal high school , edinburgh .

dr. samuel johnson reports a story that joseph addison , when a schoolboy , was the ringleader of a barring out at his school .

the custom extended to some early american colonial schools , such as william and mary college in virginia , where students barred out dr. james blair and shot at him with pistols when he attempted to enter .

according to david hackett fischer , the custom became common in the southern highlands and the ohio and mississippi valleys , though occasionally taking place elsewhere in the colonies .

barring out continued in falstone , a village in northumberland , until 1940 when the headmaster william moody , who was unaware of the custom , demanded entrance to his school and the students eventually relented and let him enter .

barring out

are we missing a good definition for barring out ? don ' t keep it to yourself . . .
urltoken the barring out . : a tale . by maria edgeworth . ( 9781170955758 ) : maria edgeworth : books
goddamnit i & apos ; m all barred out , shut it off . damned barred , im all barred out . i & apos ; m all barred out tonight dudes .
what made you want to look up barring - out ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
& apos ; man i & apos ; m all barred out , turn it off . & apos ; & apos ; after that night i was all barred out . & apos ;
dude , i can & apos ; t remember anything from last night . after a third xanie , i barred out
they ' ll remember your face . and they ' ll remember the stupid things you did when you were barred out .
what ' s crazier than jumping out of a plane ? ( although i ' ll probably try indoor skydiving first . )
joe :
yo , dude you wanna come chill at my place ?
mike :
can & apos ; t man . my mom is barring - out about the 6 pack she found under my bed .
joe :
shit , see ya next month
barr , bitch , pms , disappointment , pouting
a form of anterograde amnesia resulting from taking too much xanax ( or any other benzodiazepine . ) similar to
blacking out .
but with the rest of you who abuse xanax , i’m mad at you . if you and your buddies find it “funny” to get “barred out” every few nights and wake up not remembering what you did just for the hell of it , please remember that there are people out there who suffer from mental illness and sometimes , xanax is their only hope .
but when you decide to get barred out with your buddies then chug your subpar , cheap vodka along with it , i get angry . millions of people across the country are angry at you . because the truth of the matter is , if your “friends” are egging you on to take another bar just so you can black out and be ignorant whilst mentally and physically impaired , they aren’t your friends .
i bet if i got my friends to come with me , it would be like the suite life of zach and cody episode , minus the ghost coming out of the wall but you never know .
the practice of barring - out , was a savage license , practised in many schools to the end of the last century , by which the boys , when the periodical vacation drew near , growing petulant at the approach of liberty , some days before the time of regular recess , took possession of the school , of which they barred the doors , and bade their master defiance from the windows . it is not easy to suppose that on such occasions the master would do more than laugh ; yet , if tradition may be credited , he often struggled hard to force or surprise the garrison . the master , when pigot was a school - boy , was barred - out at lichfield , and the whole operation , as he said , was planned and conducted by addison .
because everyone under this umbrella of anxiety disorders is already angry at you . really , really , angry . quit making light and jokes out of a drug that helps us on a weekly , if not daily , basis .
well i & apos ; m from houston , and down here
barred out
means to be messed up on xanex
bars .
bars are the most potent of xanex pills in front of blue and purple
footballs .
usually you drink on them and get really fux0rdz .
not to name the school or the masters of men illustrious for literature is a kind of historical fraud , by which honest fame is injuriously diminished : i would therefore trace him through the whole process of his education . in 1683 , in the beginning of his twelfth year , his father being made dean of lichfield , naturally carried his family to his new residence , and , i believe , placed him for some time , probably not long , under mr . shaw , then master of the school at lichfield , father of the late dr . peter shaw . of this interval his biographers have given no account , and i know it only from a story of a barring - out , told me , when i was a boy , by andrew corbet of shropshire , who had heard it from mr . pigot his uncle .
a widespread custom , up to the 19th century , was the ‘barring - out’ of the schoolteacher by his pupils . on a day sanctioned by custom ( but varying from place to place ) , the pupils contrived to bar the door with the teacher outside , often with his connivance , and refused to let him in until he agreed to their terms , which were usually for a half - holiday , or something similar . by the 19th century the custom was relatively controlled , but in previous generations had been much rougher . on at least one occasion , in scotland in 1595 , a magistrate who was helping the teacher gain access to the school was shot dead by one of the pupils . not surprisingly , local authorities waged a continual war against such activities and gradually succeeded in taming and , eventually , eliminating the custom .
and more importantly , quit ticking us off . quit ticking off the 18 percent of americans who suffer from an anxiety disorder , and quit ticking off the 2 . 8 percent who suffer from panic disorder . and while you ' re at it , quit giving people with anxiety or panic disorder a bad name . i hope you realize every time you get barred out , black out , and wake up on the couch of someone you don ' t know , those people know you did xanax . and when you tell them thinking you look like a badass , all they ' ll remember when they hear someone suffering from severe anxiety is you .
printed from oxford reference ( www . oxfordreference . com ) . ( c ) copyright oxford university press , 2013 . all rights reserved . under the terms of the licence agreement , an individual user may print out a pdf of a single entry from a reference work in or for personal use ( for details see privacy policy and legal notice ) .
when he returned to england ( in 1702 ) , with a meanness of appearance which gave testimony of the difficulties to which he had been reduced , he found his old patrons out of power , and was therefore for a time at full leisure for the cultivation of his mind , and a mind so cultivated gives reason to believe that little time was lost .
so before i go further , please , if you or someone you know suffers from addiction , please seek out your nearest counseling center or call an addiction hotline ; there are several great hotline resources available online . ( one of which is 1 - 800 - 662 - help [ 4357 ] , powered by the u . s . department of health and human services ) .
so please , on behalf of those who actually benefit at times from our xanax prescriptions that you don’t , can’t and won’t obtain , please stop . stop making xanax into a joke . stop making prescription drugs in general into a joke . there are people out there who need them , who rely on them , who trust them to get through their hours , days , weeks or months of severe panic and fear .
the 18th century was a wealth of knowledge , exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record - keeping made possible by advances in the printing press . in its determination to preserve the century of revolution , gale initiated a revolution of its own : digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind . now for the first time these high - quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print , making them highly accessible to libraries , undergraduate students , and independent scholars . western literary study flows out of eighteenth - century works by alexander pope , daniel defoe , henry fielding , frances burney , denis diderot , johann gottfried herder , johann wolfgang von goethe , and others . experience the birth of the modern novel , or compare the development of language using dictionaries and grammar discourses . + + + + the below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title . this data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification : + + + + < sourcelibrary > bodleian library ( oxford ) < estcid > t301012 < notes > drophead title on p . [ 3 ] :
the barring out ; or , party spirit
. signatures : a - f { 8 } ? p ? sg { 5 } . final page is blank . < imprintfull > london : : printed for j . johnson , . . . by c . woodfall , . . . , 1800 . . < collation > 105 , [ 1 ] , p . ; 8°
but from someone who suffers from severe anxiety and panic disorder , while you’re taking xanax bars and abusing them to make your saturday a little more interesting , there are people out there who rely on xanax to get through some days , some hours even . let me be clear : i am in no way downplaying addiction . and xanax , being highly addictive , is a recipe for disaster if it gets into the hands of someone who doesn’t genuinely need it .
xanax abuse on college campuses has become an epidemic , no doubt about it . the popularity of using xanax in combination with alcohol has become widespread , as the effects of xanax are heavily increased if taken with alcohol . but you guessed it — from a prescription standpoint , it clearly states combining xanax with alcohol can result in horrible side effects , including suicidal thoughts and tendencies , impaired judgment and seizures . not to mention , it’s a surefire way for college kids to “black out” if xanax is taken with alcohol .
i’m not just angry , though . i feel sorry for you people . i feel sorry for the ones who can only find fun in abusing drugs and alcohol . i feel sorry for the ones who think xanax is some big joke when you can’t relate to those who suffer from panic attacks and severe anxiety . i feel bad that the only place you can find comfort or fun is within a bar and a bottle of green label evan williams . i feel bad that you have stooped that low to impress your friends , or a guy , or a girl by getting blacked out of your mind .
his works will supply some information . it appears from his various pictures of the world , that , with all his bashfulness , he had conversed with many distinct classes of men , had surveyed their ways with very diligent observation , and marked with great acuteness the effects of different modes of life . he was a man in whose presence nothing reprehensible was out of danger ; quick in discerning whatever was wrong or ridiculous , and not unwilling to expose it . there are , says steele , in his writings many oblique strokes upon some of the wittiest men of the age . his delight was more to excite merriment than detestation , and he detects follies rather than crimes .
addison had enough of the zeal of party , but steele had at that time almost nothing else . the spectator , in one of the first papers , showed the political tenets of its authors ; but a resolution was soon taken , of courting general approbation by general topicks , and subjects on which faction had produced no diversity of sentiments ; such as literature , morality , and familiar life . to this practice they adhered with very few deviations . the ardour of steele once broke out in praise of marlborough ; and when dr . fleetwood prefixed to some sermons a preface , overflowing with whiggish opinions , that it might be read by the queen it was reprinted in the spectator .
joseph addison was born on the first of may , 1672 , at milston , of which his father , lancelot addison , was then rector , near ambrosbury in wiltshire , and appearing weak and unlikely to live , he was christened the same day . after the usual domestic education , which , from the character of his father , may be reasonably supposed to have given him strong impressions of piety , he was committed to the care of mr . naish at ambrosbury , and afterwards of mr . taylor at salisbury .
to judge better of the probability of this story , i have enquired when he was sent to the chartreux ; but , as he was not one of those who enjoyed the founder ' s benefaction , there is no account preserved of his admission . at the school of the chartreux , to which he was removed either from that of salisbury or lichfield , he pursued his juvenile studies under the care of dr . ellis , and contracted that intimacy with sir richard steele which their joint labours have so effectually recorded .
of this memorable friendship the greater praise must be given to steele . it is not hard to love those from whom nothing can be feared , and addison never considered steele as a rival ; but steele lived , as he confesses , under an habitual subjection to the predominating genius of addison , whom he always mentioned with reverence , and treated with obsequiousness .
addison , who knew his own dignity , could not always forbear to show it , by playing a little upon his admirer ; but he was in no danger of retort : his jests were endured without resistance or resentment .
obdurate creditor but the sneer of jocularity was not the worst . steele , whose imprudence of generosity , or vanity of profusion , kept him always incurably necessitous , upon some pressing exigence , in an evil hour borrowed a hundred pounds of his friend , probably without much purpose of repayment ; but addison , who seems to have had other notions of an hundred pounds , grew impatient of delay , and reclaimed his loan by an execution . steele felt with great sensibility the obduracy of his creditor ; but with emotions of sorrow rather than of anger .
in 1687 he was entered into queen ' s college in oxford , where , in 1689 , the accidental perusal of some latin verses gained him the patronage of dr . lancaster , afterwards provost of queen ' s college ; by whose recommendation he was elected into magdalen college as a demy , a term by which that society denominates those which are elsewhere called scholars ; young men , who partake of the founder ' s benefaction , and succeed in their order to vacant fellowships .
here he continued to cultivate poetry and criticism , and grew first eminent by his latin compositions , which are indeed entitled to particular praise . he has not confined himself to the imitation of any ancient author , but has formed his style from the general language , such as a diligent perusal of the productions of different ages happened to supply .
his latin compositions seem to have had much of his fondness ; for he collected a second volume of the musae anglicanae , perhaps for a convenient receptacle , in which all his latin pieces are inserted , and where his poem on the peace has the first place . he afterwards presented the collection to boileau , who from that time conceived , says tickell , an opinion of the english genius for poetry . nothing is better known of boileau , than that he had an injudicious and peevish contempt of modern latin , and therefore his profession of regard was probably the effect of his civility rather than approbation .
three of his latin poems are upon subjects on which perhaps he would not have ventured to have written in his own language . the battle of the pigmies and cranes ; the barometer ; and a bowlinggreen . when the matter is low or scanty , a dead language , in which nothing is mean because nothing is familiar , affords great coneniences ; and by the sonorous magnificence of roman syllables , the writer conceals penury of thought , and want of novelty , often from the reader , and often from himself .
in his twenty - second year he first showed his power of english poetry by some verses addressed to dryden ; and soon afterwards published a translation of the greater part of the fourth georgick upon bees ; after which , says dryden , my latter swarm is hardly worth the hiving .
about the same time he composed the arguments prefixed to the several books of dryden ' s virgil ; and produced an essay on the georgicks , juvenile , superficial , and uninstructive , without much either of the scholar ' s learning or the critic ' s penetration .
his next paper of verses contained a character of the principal english poets , inscribed to henry sacheverell , who was then , if not a poet , a writer of verses ; as is shown by his version of a small part of virgil ' s georgicks , published in the miscellanies , and a latin encomium on queen mary , in the musae anglicanae . these verses exhibit all the fondness of friendship ; but on one side or the other . friendship was afterwards too weak for the malignity of faction .
in this poem is a very confident and discriminative character of spenser , whose work he had then never read . so little sometimes is criticism the effect of judgment . it is necessary to inform the reader , that about this time he was introduced by congreve to montague , then chancellor of the exchequer : addison was then learning the trade of a courtier , and subjoined montague as a poetical name to those of cowley and of dryden .
by the influence of mr . montague , concurring , according to tickell , with his natural modesty , he was diverted from his original design of entering into holy orders . montague alleged the corruption of men who engaged in civil employments without liberal education ; and declared , that , though he was represented as an enemy to the church , he would never do it an injury by withholding addison from it .
soon after ( in 1695 ) he wrote a poem to king william , with a rhyming introduction addressed to lord somers . king william had no regard to elegance or literature ; his study was only war ; yet by a choice of ministers , whose disposition was very different from his own , he procured , without intention , a very liberal patronage to poetry . addison was caressed both by somers and montague .
in 1697 appeared his latin verses on the peace of ryswick which he dedicated to montague , and which was afterwards called by smith the best latin poem since the aeneid . praise must not be too rigorously examined ; but the performance cannot be denied to be vigorous and elegant .
having yet no public employment , he obtained ( in 1699 ) a pension of three hundred pounds a year , that he might be enabled to travel . he staid a year at blois , probably to learn the french language ; and then proceeded in his journey to italy , which he surveyed with the eyes of a poet .
while he was travelling at leisure , he was far from being idle ; for he not only collected his observations on the country , but found time to write his dialogues on medals , and four acts of cato . such at least is the relation of tickell . perhaps he only collected his materials , and formed his plan .
whatever were his other employments in italy , he there wrote the letter to lord halifax , which is justly considered as the most elegant , if not the most sublime , of his poetical productions . but in about two years he found it necessary to hasten home ; being , as swift informs us , distressed by indigence , and compelled to become the tutor of a travelling squire , because his pension was not remitted .
at his return he published his travels , with a dedication to lord somers . as his stay in foreign countries was short , his observations are such as might be supplied by a hasty view , and consist chiefly in comparisons of the present face of the country with the descriptions left us by the roman poets , from whom he made preparatory collections , though he might have spared the trouble had he known that such collections had been made twice before by italian authors .
the most amusing passage of his book , is his account of the minute republick of san marino ; of many parts it is not a very severe censure to say that they might have been written at home . his elegance of language , and variegation of prose and verse , however , gains upon the reader ; and the book , though a while neglected , became in time so much the favourite of the public , that before it was reprinted it rose to five times its price .
helped by halifax but he remained not long neglected or useless . the victory at blenheim ( 1704 ) spread triumph and confidence over the nation ; and lord godolphin lamenting to lord halifax , that it had not been celebrated in a manner equal to the subject , desired him to propose it to some better poet . halifax told him that there was no encouragement for genius ; that worthless men were unprofitably enriched with public money , without any care to find or employ those whose appearance might do honour to their country . to this godolphin replied , that such abuses should in time be rectified ; and that if a man could be found capable of the task then proposed , he should not want an ample recompense . halifax then named addison ; but required that the treasurer should apply to him in his own person . godolphin sent the message by mr . boyle , afterwards lord carleton ; and addison having undertaken the work , communicated it to the treasurer , while it was yet advanced no further than the simile of the angel , and was immediately rewarded by succeeding mr . locke in the place of commissioner of appeals .
in the following year he was at hanover with lord halifax ; and the year after was made under - secretary of state , first to sir charles hedges , and in a few months more to the earl of sunderland .
about this time the prevalent taste for italian operas inclined him to try what would be the effect of a musical drama in our own language . he therefore wrote the opera of rosamond , which , when exhibited on the stage , was either hissed or neglected ; but trusting that the readers would do him more justice , he published it , with an inscription to the duchess of marlborough ; a woman without skill , or pretensions to skill , in poetry or literature . his dedication was therefore an instance of servile absurdity , to be exceeded only by joshua barnes ' s dedication of a greek anacreon to the duke .
his reputation had been somewhat advanced by the tender husband , a comedy which steele dedicated to him , with a confession that he owed to him several of the most successful scenes . to this play addison supplied a prologue .
when the marquis of wharton was appointed lord - lieutenant of ireland , addison attended him as his secretary ; and was made keeper of the records in birmingham ' s tower , with a salary of three hundred pounds a year . the office was little more than nominal , and the salary was augmented for his accommodation .
employed by wharton interest and faction allow little to the operation of particular dispositions , or private opinions . two men of personal characters more opposite than those of wharton and addison could not easily be brought together . wharton was impious , profligate , and shameless , without regard , or appearance of regard , to right and wrong : whatever is contrary to this , may be said of addison ; but as agents of a party they were connected , and how they adjusted their other sentiments we cannot know .
addison must , however , not be too hastily condemned . it is not necessary to refuse benefits from a bad man , when the acceptance implies no approbation of his crime ; nor has the subordinate officer any obligation to examine the opinions or conduct of those under whom he acts , except that he may not be made the instrument of wickedness . it is reasonable to suppose that addison counteracted , as far as he was able , the malignant and blasting influence of the lieutenant , and that at least by his intervention some good was done , and some mischief prevented .
when he was in office , he made a law to himself , as swift has recorded , never to remit his regular fees in civility to his friends :
for ,
said he ,
i may have a hundred friends ; and , if my fee be two guineas , i shall , by relinquishing my right lose two hundred guineas , and no friend gain more than two ; there is therefore no proportion between the good imparted and the evil suffered .
he was in ireland when steele , without any communication of his design , began the publication of the tatler ; but he was not long concealed : by inserting a remark on virgil , which addison had given him , he discovered himself . it is indeed not easy for any man to write upon literature , or common life , so as not to make himself known to those with whom he familiarly converses , and who are acquainted with his track of study , his favourite topicks , his peculiar notions , and his habitual phrases .
the tatler if steele desired to write in secret , he was not lucky ; a single month detected him . his first tatler was published april 22 ( 1709 ) , and addison ' s contribution appeared may 26 . tickell observes , that the tatler began and was concluded without his concurrence . this is doubtless literally true ; but the work did not suffer much by his unconsciousness of its commencement , or his absence at its cessation ; for he continued his assistance to december 23 , and the paper stopped on january 2 . he did not distinguish his pieces by any signature ; and i know not whether his name was not kept secret , till the papers were collected into volumes .
to the tatler , in about two months , succeeded the spectator ; a series of essays of the same kind , but written with less levity , upon a more regular plan , and published daily . such an undertaking showed the writers not to distrust their own copiousness of materials or facility of composition , and their performance justified their confidence . they found , however , in their progress , many auxiliaries . to attempt a single paper was no terrifying labour : many pieces were offered , and many were received .
to teach the minuter decencies and inferior duties , to regulate the practice of daily conversation , to correct those depravities which are rather ridiculous than criminal , and remove those grievances which , if they produce no lasting calamities , impress hourly vexation , was first attempted by casa in his book of manners , and castiglione in his courtier ; two books yet celebrated in italy for purity and elegance , and which , if they are now less read , are neglected only because they have effected that reformation which their authors intended , and their precepts now are no longer wanted . their usefulness to the age in which they were written is sufficiently attested by the translations which almost all the nations of europe were in haste to obtain .
this species of instruction was continued , and perhaps advanced , by the french ; among whom la bruyere ' s manners of the age , though , as boileau remarked , it is written without connection , certainly deserves great praise , for liveliness of description and justness of observation .
before the tatler and spectator , if the writers for the theatre are excepted , england had no masters of common life . no writers had yet undertaken to reform either the savageness of neglect , or the impertinence of civility ; to show when to speak , or to be silent ; how to refuse , or how to comply . we had many books to teach us our more important duties , and to settle opinions in philosophy or politicks ; but an arbiter elegantiarum , a judge of propriety , was yet wanting , who should survey the track of daily conversation , and free it from thorns and prickles , which tease the passer , though they do not wound him .
for this purpose nothing is so proper as the frequent publication of short papers , which we read not as study but amusement . if the subject be slight , the treatise likewise is short . the busy may find time , and the idle may find patience .
this mode of conveying cheap and easy knowledge began among us in the civil war , when it was much the interest of either party to raise and fix the prejudices of the people . at that time appeared mercurius aulicus , mercurius rusticus , and mercurius civicus . it is said , that when any title grew popular , it was stolen by the antagonist , who by this stratagem conveyed his notions to those who would not have received him had he not worn the appearance of a friend . the tumult of those unhappy days left scarcely any man leisure to treasure up occasional compositions ; and so much were they neglected , that a complete collection is no where to be found .
these mercuries were succeeded by l ' estrange ' s observator , and that by lesley ' s rehearsal , and perhaps by others ; but hitherto nothing had been conveyed to the people , in this commodious manner , but controversy relating to the church or state ; of which they taught many to talk , whom they could not teach to judge .
it has been suggested that the royal society was instituted soon after the restoration , to divert the attention of the people from public discontent . the tatler and the spectator had the same tendency ; they were published at a time when two parties , loud , restless , and violent , each with plausible declarations , and each perhaps without any distinct termination of its views , were agitating the nation ; to minds heated with political contest , they supplied cooler and more inoffensive reflections ; and it is said by addison , in a subsequent work , that they had a perceptible influence upon the conversation of that time , and taught the frolick and the gay to unite merriment with decency ; an effect which they can never wholly lose , while they continue to be among the first books by which both sexes are initiated in the elegances of knowledge .
the tatler and spectator adjusted , like casa , the unsettled practice of daily intercourse by propriety and politeness ; and , like la bruyere , exhibited the characters and manners of the age . the persons introduced in these papers were not merely ideal ; they were then known and conspicuous in various stations . of the tatler this is told by steele in his last paper , and of the spectator by budgell in the preface to theophrastus ; a book which addison has recommended , and which he was suspected to have revised , if he did not write it . of those portraits , which may be supposed to be sometimes embellished , and sometimes aggravated , the originals are now partly known , and partly forgotten .
but to say that they united the plans of two or three eminent writers , is to give them but a small part of their due praise ; they superadded literature and criticism , and sometimes towered far above their predecessors ; and taught , with great justness of argument and dignity of language , the most important duties and sublime truths .
all these topicks were happily varied with elegant fictions and refined allegories , and illuminated with different changes of style and felicities of invention .
it is recorded by budgell , that of the characters feigned or exhibited in the spectator , the favourite of addison was sir roger de coverley , of whom he had formed a very delicate and discriminated idea , which he would not suffer to be violated ; and therefore when steele had shown him innocently picking up a girl in the temple and taking her to a tavern , he drew upon himself so much of his friend ' s indignation , that he was forced to appease him by a promise of forbearing sir roger for the time to come .
the reason which induced cervantes to bring his hero to the grave , para mi solo nacio don quixote , y yo para el , made addison declare , with an undue vehemence of expression , that he would kill sir roger ; being of opinion that they were born for one another , and that any other hand would do him wrong .
it may be doubted whether addison ever filled up his original delineation . he describes his knight as having his imagination somewhat warped ; but of this perversion he has made very little use . the irregularities in sir roger ' s conduct seem not so much the effects of a mind deviating from the beaten track of life , by the perpetual pressure of some overwhelming idea , as of habitual rusticity , and that negligence which solitary grandeur naturally generates .
the variable weather of the mind , the flying vapours of incipient madness , which from time to time cloud reason , without eclipsing it , it requires so much nicety to exhibit , that addison seems to have been deterred from prosecuting his own design .
to sir roger , who , as a country gentleman , appears to be a tory , or , as it is gently expressed , an adherent to the landed interest , is opposed sir andrew freeport , a new man , a wealthy merchant , zealous for the moneyed interest , and a whig of this contrariety of opinions , it is probable more consequences were at first intended , than could be produced when the resolution was taken to exclude party from the paper . sir andrew does but little , and that little seems not to have pleased addison , who , when he dismissed him from the club , changed his opinions . steele had made him , in the true spirit of unfeeling commerce , declare that he would not build an hospital for idle people ; but at last he buys land , settles in the country , and builds not a manufactory , but an hospital for twelve old husbandmen , for men with whom a merchant has little acquaintance , and whom he commonly considers with little kindness .
of essays thus elegant , thus instructive , and thus commodiously distributed , it is natural to suppose the approbation general and the sale numerous . i once heard it observed , that the sale may be calculated by the product of the tax , related in the last number to produce more than twenty pounds a week , and therefore stated at one and twenty pounds , or three pounds ten shillings a day : this , at a halfpenny a paper , will give sixteen hundred and eighty for the daily number .
this sale is not great ; yet this , if swift be credited , was likely to grow less ; for he declares that the spectator , whom he ridicules for his endless mention of the fair sex , had before his recess wearied his readers .
cato the next year ( 1713 ) , in which cato came upon the stage , was the grand climacterick of addison ' s reputation . upon the death of cato , he had , as is said , planned a tragedy in the time of his travels , and had for several years the four first acts finished , which were shown to such as were likely to spread their admiration . they were seen by pope , and by cibber ; who relates that steele , when he took back the copy , told him , in the despicable cant of literary modesty , that , whatever spirit his friend had shown in the composition , he doubted whether he would have courage sufficient to expose it to the censure of a british audience .
the time however was now come , when those who affected to think liberty in danger , affected likewise to think that a stage - play might preserve it : and addison was importuned , in the name of the tutelary deities of britain , to show his courage and his zeal by finishing his design .
to resume his work he seemed perversely and unaccountably unwilling ; and by a request , which perhaps he wished to be denied , desired mr . hughes to add a fifth act . hughes supposed him serious ; and , undertaking the supplement , brought in a few days some scenes for his examination ; but he had in the mean time gone to work himself , and produced half an act , which he afterward completed , but with brevity irregularly disproportionate to the foregoing parts ; like a task performed with reluctance , and hurried to its conclusion .
it may yet be doubted whether cato was made public by any change of the author ' s purpose ; for dennis charged him with raising prejudices in his own favour by false positions of preparatory criticism , and with poisoning the town by contradicting in the spectator the established rule of poetical justice , because his own hero , with all his virtues , was to fall before a tyrant . the fact is certain ; - the motives we must guess .
addison was , i believe , sufficiently disposed to bar all avenues against all danger . when pope brought him the prologue , which is properly accommodated to the play , there were these words , britons , arise , be worth like this approved ; meaning nothing more than , britons , erect and exalt yourselves to the approbation of public virtue . addison was frighted lest he should be thought a promoter of insurrection , and the line was liquidated to britons , attend .
now , heavily in clouds came on the day , the great , the important day , when addison was to stand the hazard of the theatre . that there might , however , be left as little to hazard as was possible , on the first night steele , as himself relates , undertook to pack an audience . this , says pope , had been tried for the first time in favour of the distrest mother ; and was now , with more efficacy , practised for cato .
the danger was soon over . the whole nation was at that time on fire with faction . the whigs applauded every line in which liberty was mentioned , as a satire on the tories ; and the tories echoed every clap , to show that the satire was unfelt . the story of bolingbroke is well known . he called booth to his box , and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of liberty so well against a perpetual dictator . the whigs , says pope , design a second present , when they can accompany it with as good a sentence .
the play , supported thus by the emulation of factious praise , was acted night after night for a longer time than , i believe , the public had allowed to any drama before ; and the author , as mrs . potter long afterwards related , wandered through the whole exhibition behind the scenes with restless and unappeasable solicitude .
when it was printed , notice was given that the queen would be pleased if it was dedicated to her ; but as he had designed that compliment elsewhere , he found himself obliged , says tickell , by his duty on the one hand , and his honour on the other , to send it into the world without any dedication .
human happiness has always its abatements ; the brightest sunshine of success is not without a cloud . no sooner was cato offered to the reader , than it was attacked by the acute malignity of dennis , with all the violence of angry criticism . dennis , though equally zealous , and probably by his temper more furious than addison , for what they called liberty , and though a flatterer of the whig ministry , could not sit quiet at a successful play ; but was eager to tell friends and enemies , that they had misplaced their admirations . the world was too stubborn for instruction ; with the fate of the censurer of corneille ' s cid , his animadversions shewed his anger without effect , and cato continued to be praised .
pope had now an opportunity of courting the friendship of addison , by vilifying his old enemy , and could give resentment its full play without appearing to revenge himself . he therefore published a narrative of the madness of john dennis ; a performance which left the objections to the play in their full force , and therefore discovered more desire of vexing the critic than of defending the poet .
addison , who was no stranger to the world , probably saw the selfishness of pope ' s friendship ; and , resolving that he should have the consequences of his officiousness to himself , informed dennis by steele , that he was sorry for the insult ; and that whenever he should think fit to answer his remarks , he would do it in a manner to which nothing could be objected .
the greatest weakness of the play is in the scenes of love , which are said by pope to have been added to the original plan upon a subsequent review , in compliance with the popular practice of the stage . such an authority it is hard to reject ; yet the love is so intimately mingled with the whole action that it cannot easily be thought extrinsick and adventitious ; for if it were taken away , what would be left ? or how were the four acts filled in the first draught ?
at the publication the wits seemed proud to pay their attendance with encomiastick verses . the best are from an unknown hand , which will perhaps lose somewhat of their praise when the author is known to be jeffreys .
cato had yet other honours . it was censured as a party - play by a scholar of oxford , and defended in a favourable examination by dr . sewel . it was translated by salvini into italian , and acted at florence ; and by the jesuits of st . omer ' s into latin , and played by their pupils . of this version a copy was sent to mr . addison : it is to be wished that it could be found , for the sake of comparing their version of the soliloquy with that of bland .
a tragedy was written on the same subject by des champs , a french poet , which was translated , with a criticism on the english play . but the translator and the critic are now forgotten .
dennis lived on unanswered , and therefore little read : addison knew the policy of literature too well to make his enemy important , by drawing the attention of the public upon a criticism , which , though sometimes intemperate , was often irrefragable .
while cato was upon the stage , another daily paper , called the guardian , was published by steele . to this addison gave great assistance , whether occasionally or by previous engagement is not known .
the character of guardian was too narrow and too serious : it might properly enough admit both the duties and the decencies of life , but seemed not to include literary speculations , and was in some degree violated by merriment and burlesque . what had the guardian of the lizards to do with clubs of tall or of little men , with nests of ants , or with strada ' s prolusions ?
of this paper nothing is necessary to be said , but that it found many contributors , and that it was a continuation of the spectator with the same elegance , and the same variety , till some unlucky sparkle from a tory paper set steele ' s politics on fire , and wit at once blazed into faction . he was soon too hot for neutral topicks and quitted the guardian to write the englishman .
the papers of addison are marked in the spectator by one of the letters in the name of clio , and in the guardian by a hand ; whether it was , as tickell pretends to think , that he was . unwilling to usurp the praise of others , or as steele , with far greater likelihood , insinuates , that he could not without discontent impart to others any of his own . i have heard that his avidity did not satisfy itself with the air of renown , but that with great eagerness he laid hold on his proportion of the profits .
many of these papers were written with powers truly comic , with nice discrimination of characters , and accurate observation of natural or accidental deviations from propriety ; but it was not supposed that he had tried a comedy on the stage , till steele , after his death , declared him the author of the drummer ; this , however , steele did not know to be true by any direct testimony ; for when addison put the play into his hands , he only told him , it was the work of a gentleman in the company ; and when it was received , as is confessed , with cold approbation , he was probably less willing to claim it . tickell omitted it in his collection ; but the testimony of steele , and the total silence of any other claimant , has determined the public to assign it to addison , and it is now printed with his other poetry . steele carried the drummer to the playhouse , and afterwards to the press , and sold the copy for fifty guineas .
to the opinion of steele may be added the proof supplied by the play itself , of which the characters are such as addison would have delineated , and the tendency such as addison would have promoted . that it should have been ill received would raise wonder , did we not daily see the capricious distribution of theatrical praise .
he was not all this time an indifferent spectator of public affairs . he wrote , as different exigencies required ( in 1707 ) , the present state of the war , and the necessity of an augmentation ; which , however judicious , being written on temporary topicks , and exhibiting no peculiar powers , laid hold on no attention , and has naturally sunk by its own weight into neglect . this cannot be said of the few papers entitled the whig examiner , in which is employed all the force of gay malevolence and humorous satire . of this paper , which just appeared and expired , swift remarks , with exultation , that it is now down among the dead men . he might well rejoice at the death of that which he could not have killed . every reader of every party , since personal malice is past , and the papers which once inflamed the nation are read only as effusions of wit , must wish for more of the whig examiners ; for on no occasion was the genius of addison more vigorously exerted , and on none did the superiority of his powers more evidently appear . his trial of count tariff , written to expose the treaty of commerce with france , lived no longer than the question that produced it .


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domain name : ausregistry . com . au registry domain id : d407400000000576688 - au registrar whois server : registrar url : last modified : registrar name : tpp wholesale pty ltd registrar abuse contact email : registrar abuse contact phone : reseller name : status : serverdeleteprohibited status : serverrenewprohibited status : serverupdateprohibited registrant contact id : c4649814 - au registrant contact name : domain administrator tech contact id : c4649814 - au tech contact name : domain administrator name server : ari . alpha . aridns . net . au name server ip : 37 . 209 . 192 . 2 name server ip : 2001 : dcd : 1 : : 2 name server : ari . beta . aridns . net . au name server ip : 37 . 209 . 194 . 2 name server ip : 2001 : dcd : 2 : : 2 name server : ari . delta . aridns . net . au name server ip : 37 . 209 . 198 . 2 name server ip : 2001 : dcd : 4 : : 2 name server : ari . gamma . aridns . net . au name server ip : 37 . 209 . 196 . 2 name server ip : 2001 : dcd : 3 : : 2 dnssec : signeddelegation registrant : ausregistry pty ltd registrant id : other 092 242 209 eligibility type : other > > > last update of whois database : 2018 - 07 - 09t05 : 57 : 27z < < < afilias australia pty ltd ( afilias ) , for itself and on behalf of . au domain administration limited ( auda ) , makes the whois registration data directory service ( whois service ) available solely for the purposes of : ( a ) querying the availability of a domain name licence ; ( b ) identifying the holder of a domain name licence ; and / or ( c ) contacting the holder of a domain name licence in relation to that domain name and its use . the whois service must not be used for any other purpose ( even if that purpose is lawful ) , including : ( a ) aggregating , collecting or compiling information from the whois database , whether for personal or commercial purposes ; ( b ) enabling the sending of unsolicited electronic communications ; and / or ( c ) enabling high volume , automated , electronic processes that send queries or data to the systems of afilias , any registrar , any domain name licence holder , or auda . the whois service is provided for information purposes only . by using the whois service , you agree to be bound by these terms and conditions . the whois service is operated in accordance with the auda whois policy ( available at urltoken ) .
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act no . 174 of 2000 as amended , taking into account amendments up to act no . 17 of 2009
this compilation was prepared on 6 april 2009 taking into account amendments up to act no . 17 of 2009
112 . . . . . . . . authorised officer may request or require persons to answer questions etc .
119 . . . . . . . . details of monitoring warrant to be given to occupier etc . before entry
this act may be cited as the renewable energy ( electricity ) act 2000 .
this act commences 28 days after the day on which it receives the royal assent .
this is done through the issuing of certificates for the generation of electricity using eligible renewable energy sources and requiring certain purchasers ( called liable entities ) to surrender a specified number of certificates for the electricity that they acquire during a year .
where a liable entity does not have enough certificates to surrender , the liable entity will have to pay renewable energy shortfall charge .
this act applies to the year commencing on 1 january 2001 and to all subsequent years . however , no certificates can be created , and no liability arises , in respect of electricity generated on or after 1 january 2021 .
accredited power station means a power station accredited under division 3 of part 2 .
agriculture department means the department responsible for administering the primary industries levies and charges collection act 1991 .
( b ) any scheme , plan , proposal , action , course of action or course of conduct .
australia , when used in a geographical sense , includes all the external territories .
australian greenhouse office , if that office does not exist , means the department responsible for administering the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 .
( b ) is authorised , in writing , by the regulator for the purposes of this definition .
electronic signature of a person means the person’s unique identification in an electronic form that is approved by the regulator under subsection ( 3 ) .
general interest charge rate , for a day , is the rate that is the general interest charge rate for that day for the purposes of the taxation administration act 1953 .
government body means the commonwealth , a state , a territory or an authority of the commonwealth or of a state or territory .
head of the australian greenhouse office , if that office does not exist , means the secretary of the department responsible for administering the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 .
minister for finance means the minister administering the financial management and accountability act 1997 .
national electricity rules means the national electricity rules , as in force from time to time , made under the national electricity law set out in the schedule to the national electricity ( south australia ) act 1996 of south australia .
nemmco has the same meaning as in the national electricity law set out in the schedule to the national electricity ( south australia ) act 1996 of south australia .
( b ) if one or more approvals have been given under that section in relation to the power station—the last person so approved .
occupier , in relation to premises , includes a person present at the premises who is in apparent control of the premises .
offence against this act includes an offence against section 137 . 1 or 137 . 2 of the criminal code that relates to this act .
( b ) an amount of which has not been paid before that time .
( c ) a part of a thing referred to in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ) .
( b ) is obtained or made by a person to whom part 12 applies in the course of , or because of , the person’s duties under or in relation to this act .
( b ) is disclosed to , or obtained by , a person to whom part 12 applies in the course of , or because of , the person’s duties under or in relation to this act .
register of applications for accredited power stations has the meaning given by section 141a .
senior employee , in relation to an authorised commonwealth contractor , means an employee of the contractor , where the skills and responsibilities that are expected of the employee are equivalent to , or exceed , the skills and responsibilities expected of at least one of the senior officers of the office of the renewable energy regulator .
( b ) a person who holds or performs the duties of an executive officer ( level 2 ) office or position in the office of the renewable energy regulator .
small generation unit means a device that generates electricity that is specified by the regulations to be a small generation unit .
solar water heater means a device that heats water using solar energy that satisfies any conditions set out in the regulations .
( b ) a person who owns all , or a part , of the power station ( whether alone or together with one or more other persons ) .
warrant premises , in relation to a monitoring warrant , means the premises to which the warrant relates .
( 2 ) for the purposes of this act , electricity is taken to be a good that can be acquired .
( 3 ) the regulator may , in writing , approve an electronic form for the purposes of the definition of electronic signature in subsection ( 1 ) .
( 2 ) nothing in this act permits the crown to be prosecuted for an offence .
to avoid doubt , a charge or penalty under this act is not tax deductible for the purposes of any law dealing with income tax .
this part provides for the creation , trading and extinguishing of renewable energy certificates .
the certificates are used to avoid or reduce the amount of renewable energy shortfall charge that liable entities who acquire electricity have to pay . the liable entities will generally acquire the certificates by purchasing them .
the certificates are created by people who generate power from accredited power stations using eligible renewable energy sources where the amount generated exceeds the relevant 1997 eligible renewable power base line . the certificates are also created for approved installations of solar water heaters or small generation units .
a person needs to be registered under division 2 before they can create a certificate .
a power station needs to be accredited under division 3 before a certificate can be issued in relation to power generated by it .
a certificate must be registered when it is created . every transfer of the certificate must also be registered .
when a certificate has been surrendered by a liable party , it ceases to be valid .
( 2 ) however , if a person’s registration has been suspended under section 30 or 30a , the person cannot be registered during the period of the suspension .
( d ) be accompanied by the fee ( if any ) prescribed by the regulations for the making of applications for registration .
if the regulator receives an application that is properly made under section 10 , the regulator must approve the application unless the person has previously been registered . if the person has previously been registered , the regulator must refuse the application .
if the regulator approves an application , the regulator must allocate the applicant a unique registration number and advise the applicant of the number .
( 1 ) a registered person may apply to the regulator for provisional accreditation of the proposed components of an electricity generation system that the person considers would , if assembled , be a single power station .
( f ) be accompanied by the fee ( if any ) prescribed by the regulations for the making of applications for provisional accreditation .
( ii ) the power station will be eligible for accreditation if subsection 14 ( 2 ) is satisfied .
the regulator must , by written notice given to the applicant , refuse the application .
( 3 ) regulations made for the purposes of section 14 , in relation to determining the components of a power station , apply in a corresponding way to this section .
( b ) if , before the end of that period , the regulator and applicant agree to a longer period—that longer period .
( 2 ) if the regulator has not decided the application within the period applicable under subsection ( 1 ) , the regulator is taken , at the end of that period , to have made a decision under section 12b refusing the application .
( b ) owns all , or a part , of those components ( whether alone or together with one or more other persons ) .
( f ) be accompanied by a statement in writing from each other person ( if any ) specified under paragraph ( baa ) indicating that the other person agrees to the making of the application .
( 3 ) the regulator must enter details of the application on the register of applications for accredited power stations .
note : a determination under paragraph ( a ) may be varied : see division 10 .
the regulator must determine , under paragraph ( 1 ) ( a ) of this section , that the components specified in the application under section 13 are taken to be a power station for the purposes of this act .
( 2a ) however , a power station is not eligible for accreditation if the regulator is satisfied that a previous determination under paragraph ( 1 ) ( a ) should be varied to include the components of the system specified in the application for accreditation .
( b ) any energy sources used by the power station that are not eligible renewable energy sources .
note : the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for a power station may be varied : see division 12 .
( 4 ) the regulator must determine the matters specified in paragraphs ( 1 ) ( a ) and ( 3 ) ( a ) in accordance with guidelines prescribed in the regulations .
( b ) the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for a power station may be nil .
if the regulator determines that a power station is eligible for accreditation , the regulator must approve the application . in any other case , the regulator must refuse the application .
note : the accreditation of an accredited power station may be suspended : see division 11 .
( 2 ) if the regulator has not decided the application within the period applicable under subsection ( 1 ) , the regulator is taken , at the end of that period , to have made a decision under section 15 refusing the application .
if the regulator approves an application , the applicant becomes the nominated person for the accredited power station .
note : the nominated person for the power station is able to create certificates for electricity generated by the power station : see section 18 . the nominated person may change : see division 9 .
if the regulator approves an application , the regulator must allocate the power station a unique identification code and advise the applicant of the code .
( 3 ) for the purposes of this act , the regulations may provide that an energy source referred to in subsection ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) has the meaning prescribed by the regulations .
( 4 ) for the purposes of this act , the regulations may make provision for and in relation to limiting the meaning of an energy source referred to in subsection ( 1 ) .
( 5 ) for the purposes of this act , the regulations may make provision for and in relation to extending the meaning of an energy source referred to in subsection ( 2 ) .
( 1 ) the nominated person for an accredited power station may create a certificate for each whole mwh of electricity generated by the power station during a year that is in excess of the power station’s 1997 eligible renewable power baseline .
( 1a ) a certificate must not be created in respect of a whole mwh of electricity generated partly in 1 year and partly in the following year .
( 2 ) if the amount of electricity generated by an accredited power station during a year that is in excess of the power station’s 1997 eligible renewable power baseline is less than 1 mwh but greater than or equal to 0 . 5 mwh , the nominated person for the power station may create 1 certificate in respect of the electricity generated during the year .
( 3 ) the amount of electricity generated by an accredited power station is to be worked out in accordance with the regulations .
( b ) to the extent that the electricity was generated during any period of suspension of the accreditation of the accredited power station under section 30d or 30e .
( 5 ) the nominated person for an accredited power station must not create any certificates during any period of suspension of the person’s registration under section 30 or 30a .
a certificate may be created at any time after the generation of the final part of the electricity in relation to which it is created and before the end of the year after the year of generation .
note : for offences related to the creation of certificates , see section 24 .
( 1 ) the regulator may amend an electricity generation return if the nominated person for the accredited power station concerned requests , in writing , an amendment within 12 months of the return being given .
( 2 ) the regulator may also amend an electricity generation return on his or her own initiative if the amendment is made within 4 years of the return being given .
( 3 ) if the regulator refuses to amend an electricity generation return upon a request by a nominated person for an accredited power station , the regulator must notify the person accordingly .
( 1 ) if a solar water heater is installed on or after 1 april 2001 , certificates may be created after the heater is installed .
( 2 ) the certificates may only be created within 12 months after the installation of the solar water heater .
( 3 ) the regulations may make provision in relation to the time at which a solar water heater is taken to have been installed .
( 1 ) the number of certificates ( each representing 1 mwh ) that may be created for a particular installation of a solar water heater is to be determined in accordance with the regulations .
( b ) require the regulator to have regard to specified guidelines when making such determinations .
( 1 ) the owner of the solar water heater at the time that it is installed is entitled to create the certificate or certificates that relate to the solar water heater .
( 2 ) however , the owner may , by written notice , assign the right to create the certificate or certificates to another person . if the owner does this , the owner is not entitled to create the certificate or certificates but the person to whom the right was assigned is entitled to create the certificate or certificates .
( 3 ) despite subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , a person who is not registered may not create a certificate that relates to the solar water heater .
the regulations may make provision for and in relation to the regulator keeping a register of solar water heaters .
( 1 ) if a small generation unit is installed on or after 1 april 2001 , certificates may be created after the small generation unit is installed .
( 2 ) the regulations may make provision in relation to the time at which a small generation unit is taken to have been installed .
( b ) the period within which certificates may be created in relation to a small generation unit .
the number of certificates ( each representing 1 mwh ) that may be created in relation to a small generation unit is to be determined in accordance with the regulations .
( 1 ) the owner of the small generation unit at the time that a right to create a certificate or certificates arises in relation to the small generation unit is entitled to create the certificate or certificates .
( 2 ) however , the owner may , by written notice and in accordance with the regulations , assign the right to create the certificate or certificates to another person . if the owner does this , the owner is not entitled to create the certificate or certificates but the person to whom the right was assigned is entitled to create the certificate or certificates .
( 3 ) despite subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , a person who is not registered may not create a certificate that relates to the small generation unit .
( b ) in relation to the kind of persons to whom the right may be assigned .
( 5 ) subsection ( 4 ) does not limit the regulations that may be made for the purposes of subsection ( 2 ) .
a person must not create certificates under subdivision a in respect of electricity generated by a small generation unit , unless an election is made under section 23e in relation to that unit .
( 1 ) the owner of a qualifying small generation unit at the time that it is installed may give the regulator a notice in writing electing that this subdivision does not apply to the creation of certificates that relate to the unit .
( 2 ) the owner must make the election within the period of 28 days beginning on the day the unit is installed and before any certificates are created under this subdivision that relate to the unit .
( 3 ) if an election is made , a person must not create certificates under this subdivision that relate to the unit .
note : a person may be able to create certificates under subdivision a that relate to the unit .
qualifying small generation unit means a small generation unit of a kind prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section .
note 1 : chapter 2 of the criminal code sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility and chapter 3 of the criminal code contains general principles relating to penalties .
note 2 : for strict liability , see section 6 . 1 of the criminal code .
note : chapter 2 of the criminal code sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility and chapter 3 of the criminal code contains general principles relating to penalties .
( 4 ) to avoid doubt , a penalty may be imposed in respect of each certificate in respect of which a person is guilty of an offence .
example : an individual who commits an offence under subsection ( 1 ) by creating 20 certificates that the individual was not entitled to create would be subject to a maximum penalty of 20 penalty units . if the offence were under subsection ( 3 ) , the individual would be subject to a maximum penalty of 100 units .
( 5 ) in determining whether a person was not entitled to create a certificate , the fact that the certificate has been registered by the regulator under section 26 is to be disregarded .
note : this ensures that a person cannot raise as relevant evidence the fact that a certificate has been registered .
( 1 ) certificates under subdivision a of division 4 are to be created in an electronic form approved in writing by the regulator .
( d ) a number in an unbroken sequence , that is used for all certificates issued in respect of electricity generated by the power station in that year , that starts at one and has increments of one .
( 1 ) certificates under subdivision b or ba of division 4 are to be created in an electronic form approved in writing by the regulator .
( 1 ) a certificate is not valid until it has been registered by the regulator .
( 2 ) the regulator must be advised of the creation of a certificate by electronic transmission in the manner determined , in writing , by the regulator .
( 3 ) when the regulator is notified that a certificate has been created , the regulator must determine whether the certificate is eligible for registration .
( 3a ) a certificate is not eligible for registration unless the regulator has been paid the fee ( if any ) prescribed by the regulations for the registration of the certificate .
( 4 ) if the regulator determines that a certificate is eligible for registration , the regulator must create an entry for the certificate in the register of renewable energy certificates and record the person who created the certificate as the owner of the certificate .
( 5 ) if the regulator determines that a certificate is not eligible for registration , the regulator must notify the person who created the certificate .
( 6 ) the regulator may at any time ( whether before or after the registration of a certificate ) require the person who created the certificate to provide to the regulator a written statement containing such information as the regulator requires in connection with the creation of the certificate . the person who created the certificate must provide the statement within the period ( not being a period of less than 14 days ) specified by the regulator .
certificates that have been registered under section 26 may be transferred to any person .
( 1 ) the regulator must be notified of each transfer of a certificate .
( 2 ) the notification must be by electronic transmission in the manner determined , in writing , by the regulator .
( 2a ) the notification must be accompanied by the fee ( if any ) prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection .
( 3 ) when the regulator is notified , the regulator must alter the register of certificates to show the transferee as the owner of the certificate .
the registered owner of a certificate may surrender the certificate to the regulator under this section .
note 1 : the register of renewable energy certificates under section 140 must contain the name of the current registered owner of each certificate .
( 1 ) where a certificate is surrendered under section 28a , 44 or 95 , the certificate ceases to be valid .
( 2 ) when a certificate ceases to be valid , the regulator must alter the entry relating to the certificate in the register of certificates to show that the certificate is no longer valid .
( 1 ) if a registered person has been convicted of an offence under subsection 24 ( 3 ) , the regulator may suspend the person’s registration for such period ( not exceeding 2 years ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances .
( 2 ) if a person whose registration has previously been suspended under subsection ( 1 ) is convicted of another offence under subsection 24 ( 3 ) , the regulator may suspend the person’s registration for such period ( including permanently ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances .
( 1 ) the regulator may , by written notice , suspend the registration of a registered person if the regulator believes on reasonable grounds that the person has committed an offence against this act or the regulations .
( 2 ) the registration is suspended for such period ( not exceeding 12 months ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances . that period must be specified in the notice .
( 3 ) the regulator may , by written notice , suspend the registration of a registered person if the registration was obtained improperly .
( 4 ) the registration is suspended for such period ( including permanently ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances . that period must be specified in the notice .
( 1 ) a registered person who is a stakeholder in relation to an accredited power station may apply to the regulator for approval to become the nominated person for the power station .
note : the nominated person is able to create certificates in respect of electricity generated by the power station : see section 18 .
( e ) be accompanied by a statement in writing from each other stakeholder ( if any ) in relation to the power station indicating that the other stakeholder agrees to the making of the application .
( 3 ) if the regulator receives an application that is properly made , the regulator must , by writing , approve the applicant as the nominated person for the power station .
( 4 ) otherwise , the regulator must refuse to so approve the applicant and must notify the applicant accordingly .
( 1 ) the regulator may , by writing , vary a determination under paragraph 14 ( 1 ) ( a ) . the regulator may do so only in relation to an accredited power station .
( 2 ) the regulator may do so on his or her own initiative or upon application by the nominated person for the accredited power station .
( 4 ) if the regulator refuses the application , the regulator must notify the applicant accordingly .
( d ) the regulator is satisfied that more certificates are able to be created in respect of electricity generated during the year by any excess station than would be able to be created if any shortfall station had generated electricity during the year at least equal to its 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for the year .
( 2 ) the accreditation is suspended for such period ( including permanently ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances . that period must be specified in the notice .
note : any electricity generated by the power station while its accreditation is suspended is to be excluded from all calculations under section 18 : see subsection 18 ( 4 ) .
( b ) the amount of electricity generated by each power station during a year using that supply is able to be coordinated in order to allow more certificates to be created in respect of the total electricity generated by the power stations during the year using that supply than would otherwise be able to be created .
( 4 ) in deciding whether or not to suspend the accreditation of an accredited power station under subsection ( 1 ) , the regulator must have regard to any information available to him or her that demonstrates that either or both of the outcomes referred to in paragraphs ( 1 ) ( b ) and ( c ) were not the result of a gaming arrangement .
( 4a ) in considering whether the outcomes referred to in paragraphs ( 1 ) ( b ) and ( c ) were or were not the result of a gaming arrangement , the regulator must have regard to any matter prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection .
( 5 ) the regulator may have regard to such other matters as he or she thinks appropriate .
( 6 ) a gaming arrangement is an arrangement to coordinate the amount of electricity generated by each power station in the group during the year using the relevant supply in order to allow more certificates to be created in respect of the total electricity generated by the power stations in the group during the year using that supply than would otherwise be able to be created .
( 1 ) the regulator may , by written notice , suspend the accreditation of an accredited power station if an electricity generation return for a year , in respect of the station , has not been given to the regulator in accordance with section 20 .
( 2 ) the accreditation is suspended until the return is given to the regulator in accordance with that section . the notice must include a statement to that effect .
( 3 ) the regulator may , by written notice , suspend the accreditation of an accredited power station if the regulator believes on reasonable grounds that the power station is being operated in contravention of a law of the commonwealth , a state or a territory .
( 4 ) the accreditation is suspended until the regulator believes on reasonable grounds that the power station is not being operated in contravention of that law . the notice must include a statement to that effect .
( 5 ) the regulator may , by written notice , suspend the accreditation of an accredited power station in any other circumstances prescribed by the regulations .
( 6 ) the accreditation is suspended for such period ( including permanently ) as the regulator considers appropriate in all of the circumstances . that period must be specified in the notice .
note : any electricity generated by the power station while its accreditation is suspended under this section is to be excluded from all calculations under section 18 : see subsection 18 ( 4 ) .
( 1 ) the regulator may , by written determination , vary the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for an accredited power station in the circumstances prescribed by the regulations .
( 2 ) the regulations may make provision for the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for an accredited power station to be varied if an action or policy of the commonwealth government reduces the power station’s ability to generate electricity for a sustained period .
( 3 ) subsection ( 2 ) does not limit subsection ( 1 ) .
( 4 ) if a determination increases the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for an accredited power station , the determination has effect only for the years following the year in which the determination is made .
( 5 ) if a determination decreases the 1997 eligible renewable power baseline for an accredited power station , the determination has effect for the year or years specified in the determination .
( 1 ) there are 2 types of relevant acquisitions of electricity . these are :
( c ) the electricity is later acquired by nemmco or a person or body prescribed by the regulations .
( 3 ) the amount of electricity acquired under a relevant acquisition and the capacity of a grid are to be determined in accordance with the regulations .
( b ) the grid becomes connected , directly or indirectly , to a grid that has a capacity of 100 mw or more .
( 2 ) to avoid doubt , subsection ( 1 ) does not apply where an end user acquires electricity from the person who generated the electricity and subsection 33 ( 2 ) applies to create a notional wholesale acquisition in connection with that acquisition .
( 3 ) if there is a wholesale acquisition of electricity under this section , then no other acquisition in relation to that electricity is a relevant acquisition ( regardless of when the other acquisition occurs ) .
( 1 ) there are 2 situations in which a notional wholesale acquisition of electricity takes place .
( 2 ) the first situation is where the end user of the electricity acquires the electricity from the person who generated the electricity and the end user is not registered under the national electricity rules . in this situation , the person who generated the electricity is taken to be 2 persons ( the notional generator and the notional wholesaler ) , and this act applies as if the notional wholesaler acquired the electricity from the notional generator at the time that the end user acquired the electricity . that acquisition is a notional wholesale acquisition .
( b ) the electricity is transmitted or distributed between the point of generation and the point of use and the line on which the electricity is transmitted or distributed is used solely for the transmission or distribution of electricity between those 2 points .
in this situation , the person who generated the electricity is taken to be 2 persons ( the notional generator and the notional wholesaler ) , and this act applies as if the notional wholesaler acquired the electricity from the notional generator at the time that the electricity is used . that acquisition is a notional wholesale acquisition .
despite section 31 , no acquisition of electricity by nemmco or a person or body prescribed by the regulations is a relevant acquisition .
a person who , during a year , makes a relevant acquisition of electricity is called a liable entity .
( 1 ) subject to subsection ( 2 ) , if a liable entity has a renewable energy certificate shortfall for a year , renewable energy shortfall charge is payable in respect of the shortfall .
( 2 ) no renewable energy shortfall charge is payable by a liable entity for a year if its renewable energy certificate shortfall for the year is less than 10 % of the liable entity’s required renewable energy for the year . however , the renewable energy certificate shortfall becomes a carried forward shortfall for the year .
( 3 ) renewable energy shortfall charge imposed in respect of a liable entity’s renewable energy certificate shortfall for a year is payable by the liable entity .
rate of charge is the rate of charge as specified under the renewable energy ( electricity ) ( charge ) act 2000 .
the following method statement shows how to work out a liable entity’s renewable energy certificate shortfall for a year .
step 1 . work out the total amount , in mwh , of electricity acquired by the liable entity during the year under relevant acquisitions .
step 2 . multiply the total electricity acquired by the renewable power percentage for the year and round the result to the nearest mwh ( rounding 0 . 5 upwards ) . add to the result any carried forward shortfall from the previous year or subtract any carried forward surplus for the previous year . the result is the liable entity’s required renewable energy for the year .
step 3 . subtract the total value , in mwh , of renewable energy certificates surrendered to the regulator for that year by the liable entity from the required renewable energy for the year .
result : if the result is greater than zero , the liable entity has a renewable energy certificate shortfall for the year equal to the result .
if the result is zero , the liable entity does not have a renewable energy certificate shortfall for the year .
if the result is less than zero , the liable entity has a carried forward surplus for the year .
( 1 ) the renewable power percentage for a year is the percentage specified in the regulations . the regulation specifying a percentage for a year must be made on or before 31 march in the year .
( a ) for the year commencing on 1 january 2001—0 . 24 % ; and
( c ) the amount by which the required gwhs of renewable source electricity for all previous years has exceeded , or has been exceeded by , the amount of renewable source electricity required under the scheme in those years .
( 3a ) if , at the time the minister takes into consideration the matters referred to in subsection ( 3 ) , the amount applicable under paragraph ( 3 ) ( c ) is not known , then the minister may take into consideration an estimate of that amount instead .
( 5 ) a failure to comply with subsection ( 3 ) does not affect the validity of the regulations .
the liable entity is liable to pay for the year an amount of renewable energy shortfall charge equal to the amount that , in the regulator’s opinion , the liable entity would have been liable to pay if the arrangement had not been made .
( 1 ) the commonwealth is not liable to pay renewable energy shortfall charge , penalty charge or interest charge that is payable under this act . however , it is the parliament’s intention that the commonwealth should be notionally liable to pay renewable energy shortfall charge , penalty charge and interest charge .
( 2 ) the minister for finance may give such written directions as are necessary or convenient for carrying out or giving effect to subsection ( 1 ) and , in particular , may give directions in relation to the transfer of money within an account , or between accounts , operated by the commonwealth .
( 3 ) directions under subsection ( 2 ) have effect , and must be complied with , despite any other commonwealth law .
( 1 ) this section cancels the effect of a provision of another act that would have the effect of exempting a person from liability to pay charge payable under this act .
( c ) be signed by or on behalf of the liable entity making the statement .
( 4 ) the statement must be accompanied by details of all renewable energy certificates being surrendered for that year under that section . a certificate cannot be specified unless the liable entity is recorded in the register of certificates as the owner of the certificate at the time that the statement is lodged .
( 5 ) the regulations may prescribe the fee payable for the surrender of a certificate under this section .
( b ) of the fee payable by the entity in respect of the surrender of those certificates .
( 7 ) the liable entity must pay the fee within the period of 28 days beginning on the day the entity receives the notice under subsection ( 6 ) .
( 8 ) if the fee is unpaid at the end of that period , it is a debt due to the commonwealth and is recoverable by the regulator in a court of competent jurisdiction .
( 9 ) a notice under subsection ( 6 ) is not a legislative instrument .
( c ) the liable entity is recorded in the register of certificates as the owner of the certificate at the time that the statement is lodged .
( 1 ) the regulator may amend an energy acquisition statement if the liable entity requests , in writing , an amendment within 12 months of lodging the statement .
( 2 ) the regulator may also amend an energy acquisition statement on his or her own initiative if the amendment is made within 4 years of the liable entity lodging the statement .
( 3 ) if the regulator refuses to amend an energy acquisition statement upon a request by a liable entity , the regulator must notify the entity accordingly .
note : an amendment of an energy acquisition statement under this section may also result in the regulator issuing an assessment under section 48 or amending an assessment under section 49 .
( f ) the statement has effect as if it were a notice of assessment signed by the regulator and given to the liable entity on the day on which the assessment is taken to have been made .
the regulator may make an assessment of the liable entity’s renewable energy certificate shortfall for the year , taking into account any certificates surrendered , and of the renewable energy shortfall charge ( if any ) payable on the shortfall .
the regulator may make an assessment of the liable entity’s renewable energy certificate shortfall for the year , assuming that no certificates have been surrendered , and of the renewable energy shortfall charge ( if any ) payable on the shortfall .
( 3 ) for the purposes of making an assessment under subsection ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) , the renewable energy certificate shortfall is taken to be the amount that , in the regulator’s opinion , might reasonably be expected to be the shortfall .
( 4 ) renewable energy shortfall charge in relation to an assessment for a year made under this section is taken to have become payable on 14 february in the following year .
( 5 ) an assessment under this section may not be made until after 14 february in the following year .
( 1 ) the regulator may , subject to this section , at any time amend any assessment by making any alterations or additions that the regulator thinks necessary , whether or not renewable energy shortfall charge has been paid in relation to the assessment .
note : this division does not apply in relation to an assessment under section 102 : see section 53a .
amend the assessment by making any alterations or additions that the regulator thinks necessary to correct the assessment .
( 3 ) subject to subsection ( 5 ) , an amendment effecting a reduction in a liable entity’s liability under an assessment is not effective unless it is made within 4 years from the day on which the assessment was made .
( 4 ) if an assessment has , under this section , been amended in any particular , the regulator may , within 4 years from the day on which renewable energy shortfall charge became payable under the amended assessment , make , in or in relation to the particular , any further amendment in the assessment that , in the regulator’s opinion , is necessary to effect such reduction in the liable entity’s liability under the assessment as is just .
the regulator may amend the assessment when considering the application , even if that period has elapsed .
( b ) a decision to reduce any particular following the liable entity’s objection or pending any review or appeal .
( b ) in any other case—on the day on which charge under the original assessment became payable .
( ii ) apply any overpaid amount against the person’s liability ( if any ) to the commonwealth and refund any part of the amount that is not so applied .
except as otherwise expressly provided by this act , an amended assessment is taken to be an assessment for all the purposes of this act .
as soon as practicable after an assessment is made under section 48 or is amended under section 49 , the regulator must give written notice of the assessment or amendment ( as the case may be ) to the liable entity concerned .
the validity of an assessment is not affected because any provision of this act has not been complied with .
( 1 ) a liable entity who is dissatisfied with an assessment may object in the manner set out in this division .
( 2 ) this division does not apply in relation to an assessment under section 102 .
note : however , a person may seek review of a decision to make an assessment under section 102 : see division 2 .
( c ) state in it , fully and in detail , the grounds that the liable entity relies on .
if the objection is made against an amended assessment , then a liable entity’s right to object against the amended assessment is limited to a right to object against alterations or additions made as part of the amendment of the assessment .
( 1 ) if the 60 days specified in paragraph 55 ( b ) have passed , the liable entity may nevertheless lodge the objection with the regulator together with a written request asking the regulator to deal with the objection as if it had been lodged within the 60 days .
( 2 ) the request must state fully and in detail the circumstances concerning , and the reasons for , the liable entity’s failure to lodge the objection with the regulator within the 60 days .
( 3 ) after considering the request , the regulator must decide whether to agree to it or refuse it .
( 4 ) the regulator must give the liable entity written notice of the regulator’s decision .
( 5 ) if the regulator decides to agree to the request , then , for the purposes of this part , the objection is taken to have been lodged with the regulator within the 60 days .