kingsley-international pictures was an american film importing and releasing agency , located in new york , active between 1952 and 1962 with its product distributed by union motion picture distributors .

the company specialized in importing foreign art house film , mainly french but also some independent british titles , such as carrington v.c. ( 1955 ) , lucky jim ( 1957 ) , the league of gentlemen ( 1960 ) , and only two can play ( 1962 ) .

the company was started and run by edward kingsley ( 1914-1962 ) , a pioneer in " art house " film distribution in the us .

kingsley began as a publicist for paramount pictures in 1933 .

in 1949 , he began distributing french films in partnership with arthur mayer , another art house distribution pioneer , but after a few years he branched out on his own by starting kingsley-international pictures .

the company is mainly famous for two things : in 1957 it introduced brigitte bardot to the american audience via and god created woman , which created a bardot fever in the usa , and it released the first film version of lady chatterley 's lover , the 1955 french film l'amant de lady chatterley , which in 1955 was banned by new york state board of regents , not because of any sex scenes , but because it " promoted adultery " .

the film was eventually released in 1959 after the us supreme court ruled the banning unconstitutional .

that court ruling is seen as a landmark decision forming modern us views on censorship .

in 1956 , the company became the art house subsidiary of columbia pictures , not because of a sudden interest from columbia for foreign films in general , but as a way for the hollywood major to distribute and make money from and god created woman without having to submit the film to the pca for approval , which the company as member of the mpaa was obliged to do .

when kingsley died in 1962 , at the age of 47 , the company was dissolved .

kingsley - international pictures

kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents of the university of the state of new york
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 ) .
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 ) | urltoken
kingsley international pictures corporation , appellant , v . regents of the university of the state of new york .
empire pictures distributing company , inc . , and kingsley international pictures corporation v . . . . , 273 f . 2d 529 – urltoken
empire pictures distributing company , inc . , and kingsley international pictures corporation , appellants , v . city of fort worth et al . , appellees .
kingsley international pictures corporation v . regents of the university of new york , 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
home politics encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
» kingsley international pictures corporation v . regents of the university of new york , 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents of the university of new york , 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 )
kingsley international pictures corporation , appellant , v . regents of the university of the state of new york . | us law | lii / legal information institute
see the concurring opinion of mr . justice harlan in kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents of the university of state of new york , 1959 ,
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 ) .
encyclopedia of the american constitution . . retrieved july 09 , 2018 from urltoken urltoken
kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents 360 u . s . 684 ( 1959 ) .
encyclopedia of the american constitution . . encyclopedia . com . ( july 9 , 2018 ) . urltoken
in kingsley international pictures corp . v . regents the state of new york had refused to issue a license for the motion picture lady chatterley ' s lover because it
alluringly portrays adultery as proper behavior .
there was no claim that the film constituted an incitement to unlawful conduct . without deciding whether all licensing schemes for motion pictures were unconstitutional the supreme court held that the refusal to grant this license violated the first amendment . the court reaffirmed that motion pictures were within the scope of the first amendment and proclaimed that the amendment ' s
basic guarantee
is
the freedom to advocate ideas ,
including the idea that adultery may in some cases be justified .
alleging that the case arises under the constitution of the united states , appellants empire pictures distributing company , inc . , a texas corporation , and kingsley international pictures corporation , a new york corporation , brought this action to have two ordinances of the city of fort worth , texas declared to be violative of their rights under the first and fourteenth amendments of the constitution of the united states , and to have their enforcement enjoined . the defendants , appellees here , are the city of fort worth , a municipal corporation , its mayor , city manager and chief of police , along with the members of the board of censorship created by one of the ordinances .
' moving pictures are our only concern and , what is more to the point , only those motion pictures which alluringly present acts of sexual immorality as proper behavior . ' 4 n . y . 2d 349 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 , 48 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 , 203 .
moving pictures are our only concern and , what is more to the point , only those motion pictures which [ 700 ] alluringly present acts of sexual immorality as proper behavior .
4 n . y . 2d 349 , 361 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 , 203 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 , 48 .
the motion picture division of the new york state education department was authorized to issue licenses for the exhibition , sale , lease , or distribution of motion pictures . licenses could be denied to any motion picture portraying in whole or in part , either ‘‘expressly or impliedly’’ immoral , perverse , or lewd sexual acts as ‘‘desirable , acceptable , or proper patterns of behavior . ’’ when kingsley international pictures submitted a filmed version of h . d . lawrence’s novel , lady chatterley’s lover to the education division for a license , it was denied on the grounds that isolated scenes were immoral . the corporation appealed to the university of new york regents who upheld the decision after they concluded the film presented adultery as acceptable and proper behavior . a lower court annulled the regents’ decision , but a sharply divided new york court of appeals reinstated the rescission and upheld the regents . the court of appeals declared that although lady chatterley’s lover was not obscene , it nevertheless ‘‘alluringly portrays adultery as proper behavior . ’’
343 u . s . 495 ( 1952 ) . we held there that
expression by means of motion pictures [ 701 ] is included within the free speech and free press guaranty of the first and fourteenth amendments .
so long as the state has the responsibility for interdicting motion pictures which transgress the bounds of decency , we have the responsibility for furnishing guide lines to the agency charged with enforcing the law .
id . , at 408 .
' so long as the state has the responsibility for interdicting motion pictures which transgress the bounds of decency , we have the responsibility for furnishing guide lines to the agency charged with enforcing the law . ' id . , at 408 .
cf . kingsley books , inc . , v . brown , 354 u . s . 436 , 77 s . ct . 1325 , 1 l . ed . 2d 1469 ; alberts v . state of california , 354 u . s . 476 , 77 s . ct . 1304 , 1 l . ed . 2d 1498 .
since 1921 , the education law of this state has required the licensing of motion pictures and authorized refusal of a license for a motion picture which is ' obscene , indecent , immoral ' or which would ' tend to corrupt morals or incite to crime . '
' since 1921 , the education law of this state has required the licensing of motion pictures and authorized refusal of a license for a motion picture which is ' obscene , indecent , immoral ' or which would ' tend to corrupt morals or incite to crime . '
' to hold that liberty and expression by means of motion pictures is guaranteed by the first and fourteenth amendments , however , is not the end of our problem . it does not follow that the constitution requires absolute freedom to exhibit every motion picture of every kind at all times and all places . ' [
it was alleged that kingsley was the sole owner of the right to exhibit a motion picture film
and god created woman
in the united states , and that empire was owner of the rights to distribute the film in the state of texas , and that empire had contracted with a theater in fort worth to exhibit the picture , but it had been unable to do so because the city refused to issue a permit for such exhibition , without which permit appellants would be subject to the penalties of one of the ordinances . the complaint charged that the ordinances provided for a system of censorship of motion pictures and that the ordinances were , on their face and as interpreted by defendants , in contravention of their rights guaranteed by the first and fourteenth amendments of the constitution .
the opinion written by chief judge conway stated : ' ( i ) t is curious indeed to say in one breath , as some do , that obscene motion pictures may be censored , and then in another breath that motion pictures which alluringly portray adultery as proper and desirable may not be censored . as stated above , ' the law is concerned with effect , not merely with but one means of producing it . ' it must be firmly borne in mind that to give obscenity , as defined , the stature of the only constitutional limitation is to extend an invitation to corrupt the public morals by methods of presentation which craft will insure do not fall squarely within the definition of that term . precedent , just as sound principle , will not support a statement that motion pictures must be ' out and out ' obscene before they may be censored . ' 4 n . y . 2d 364 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 51 , 151 n . e . 2d 205 .
section 122a of the state education law was passed in 1954 to meet this court ' s decision in commercial pictures corp . v . regents , 346 u . s . 587 , 74 s . ct . 286 , 98 l . ed . 329 , which overturned the new york court o ap peals ' holding in commercial pictures corp . v . board of regents , 305 n . y . 336 , 113 n . e . 2d 502 , 505 , that the film la ronde could be banned as ' immoral ' and as ' tend ( ing ) to corrupt morals ' under § 122 . 1 the court ' s decision in commercial pictures was but a one line per curiam with a citation to joseph burstyn , inc . v . wilson , 343 u . s . 495 , 72 s . ct . 777 , 96 l . ed . 1098 , which in turn had held for naught not the word ' immoral ' but the term ' sacrilegious ' in the statute .
7 . the opinion written by chief judge conway stated :
it is curious indeed to say in one breath , as some do , that obscene motion pictures may be censored , and then in another breath that motion pictures which alluringly portray adultery as proper and desirable may not be censored . as stated above , ' the law is concerned with effect , not merely with but one means of producing it . ' it must be firmly borne in mind that to give obscenity , as defined , the stature of the only constitutional limitation is to extend an invitation to corrupt the public morals by methods of presentation which craft will insure do not fall squarely within the definition of that term . precedent , just as sound principle , will not support a statement that motion pictures must be ' out and out ' obscene before they may be censored .
4 n . y . 2d , at 364 , 151 n . e . 2d , at 205 , 175 n . y . s . 2d , at 51 .
305 n . y . 336 , 113 n . e . 2d 502 , that the film la ronde could be banned as
immoral
and as
tend [ ing ] to corrupt morals
under § 122 . [ note 1 ] the court ' s decision in commercial pictures was but a one line per curiam with a citation to
black and douglas shared the view thatnew york’s law involved prior censorship of motion pictures and thus violated the precedent set in near v . minnesota ( 1931 ) barring prior restraint . black wrote separately to lament the court’s ‘‘individualized determination’’ of whether publications or motion pictures were obscene had converted it into a ‘‘supreme board of censors . ’’ frankfurter and harlan agreed with the majority’s judgment but not its rationale . both thought the court’s opinion failed to address the issue of ‘‘vagueness , ’’ which had been the grounds for earlier decisions against new york’s law ; that the opinion misconstrued the views of the new york courts ; and that even though they agreed , new york’s law was constitutional its application to lady chatterley’s lover exceeded constitutional bounds .
the inflexible command which the new york court of appeals has attributed to the state legislature thus cuts so close to the core of constitutional freedom as to make it quite needless in this case to examine the periphery . specifically , there is no occasion to consider the appellant ' s contention that the state is entirely without power to require films of any kind to be licensed prior to their exhibition . nor need we here determine whether , despite problems peculiar to motion pictures , the controls which a state may impose upon this medium of expression [ 690 ] are precisely coextensive with those allowable for newspapers , [ note 12 ] books , [ note 13 ] or individual speech . [ note 14 ] it is enough for the present case to reaffirm that motion pictures are within the first and fourteenth amendments ' basic protection .
kingsley sought judicial review of the regents ' determination . [ note 5 ] the appellate division unanimously annulled the action of the regents and directed that a license be issued . 4 app . div . 2d 348 , 165 n . y . s . 2d 681 . a sharply divided court of appeals , however , reversed the appellate division and upheld the regents ' refusal to license the film for exhibition . 4 n . y . 2d 349 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 . [ note 6 ]
the inflexible command which the new york court of appeals has attributed to the state legislature thus cuts so close to the core of constitutional freedom as to make it quite needless in this case to examine the periphery . specifically , there is no occasion to consider the appellant ' s contention that the state is entirely without power to require films of any kind to be licensed prior to their exhibition . nor need we here determine whether , despite problems peculiar to motion pictures , the controls which a state may impose upon this medium of expression are precisely coextensive with those allowable for newspapers , 12 books , 13 or individual speech . 14 it is enough for the present case to reaffirm that motion pictures are within the first and fourteenth amendments ' basic protection . joseph burstyn , inc . v . wilson , 343 u . s . 495 , 72 s . ct . 777 , 96 l . ed . 1098 .
as the distributor of a motion picture entitled ' lady chatterley ' s lover , ' the appellant kingsley submitted that film to the motion picture division of the new york education department for a license . finding three isolated scenes in the film
immoral ' within the intent of our law , ' and division refused to issue a license until the scenes in question were deleted . the distributor petitioned the regents of the university of the state of new york for a review of that ruling . 4 the regents upheld the denial of a license , but on the broader ground that ' the whole theme of this motion picture is immoral under said law , for that theme is the presentation of adultery as a desirable , acceptable and proper pattern of behavior . ' kingsley sought judicial review of the regents ' determination . 5 the appellate division unanimously annulled the action of the regents and directed that a license be issued . 4 a . d . 2d 348 , 165 n . y . s . 2d 681 . a sharply divided court of appeals , however , reversed the appellate division and upheld the regents ' refusal to license the film for exhibition . 4 n . y . 2d 349 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 . 6
i can take the words of the majority of the new york court of appeals only in their clear , unsophisticated and common meaning . they say that §§ 122 and 122 - a of new york ' s education law
require the denial of a license to motion pictures which are immoral in that they portray ' acts of sexual immorality . . . as desirable , acceptable or proper patterns of behavior . '
that court states the issue in the case in this language :
as the distributor of a motion picture entitled
lady chatterley ' s lover ,
the appellant kingsley submitted that film to the motion picture division of the new york education department for a license . finding three isolated scenes in the film
' immoral ' within the intent of our law ,
the division refused to issue a license until the scenes in question were deleted . the distributor petitioned the regents of the university of the state of new york for a review of that ruling . [ note 4 ] the regents upheld the denial of a license , but on the broader ground that
the whole theme of this motion picture is immoral under said law , for that theme is the presentation of adultery as a desirable , acceptable and proper pattern of behavior .
the different standards which different people may use to decide about the badness of pictures are well illustrated by the contrasting standards mentioned in the opinion of the new york court of appeals and the concurring opinion of mr . justice frankfurter here . as i read the new york court ' s opinion this movie was held immoral and banned because it makes adultery too alluring . mr . justice frankfurter quotes mr . lawrence , author of the book from which the movie was made , as believing censorship should be applied only to publications that make sex look ugly , that is , as i understand it , less alluring .
the different standards which different people may use to decide about the badness of pictures are well illustrated by the contrasting standards mentioned in the opinion of the new york court of appeals and the concurring opinion of mr . justice frankfurter here . as i read the new york court ' s opinion this movie was held immoral and banned because it makes adultery too alluring . mr . justice frankfurter quotes mr . lawrence , author of the book from which the movie was made , as believing censorship should be applied only to publications that make sex look ugly , that is , as i understand it , less alluring .
i can take the words of the majority of the new york court of appeals only in their clear , unsophisticated and common meaning . they say that §§ 122 and 122a of new york ' s education law ' require the denial of a license to motion pictures which are immoral in that they portray ' acts of sexual immorality * * * as desirable , acceptable or proper patterns of behavior .
( 4 n . y . 2d 349 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 . ) that court states the issue in the case in this language :
' the language of the supreme court of the united states , in a recent opinion of this precise problem , should be noted :
to hold that liberty and expression by means of motion pictures is guaranteed by the first and fourteenth amendments , however , is not the end of our problem . it does not follow that the constitution requires absolute freedom to exhibit every motion picture of every kind at all times and all places . ' ( ( joseph ) burstyn ( inc . ) v . wilson , 343 u . s . 495 , at ( page ) 502 ( 72 s . ct . 777 , at page 780 ) ) .
attached to the complaint also was a copy of article 527 ( 509 ) of the texas code , vernon ' s ann . p . c . art . 527 , providing punishment of any person who should engage in exhibition of lewd , lascivious or depraved motion pictures , or any figure , image , article or thing portraying nude or partly denuded female figures in compromising and obscene poses . the action did not involve any state officer , however , and no part of the argument is devoted to an attack upon this state statute . in fact , in the argument it was conceded that the district judge properly refused to have a three - judge court convened upon the admission that no state statute was involved .
ordinance 3475 creates a board of censors for the city of fort worth . it is the duty of the board
to supervise all motion picture exhibitions * * * and to cause the suppression of any such entertainment deemed by the board indecent or injurious to the morals of the citizens , or encouraging or promoting juvenile delinquency .
an exhibitor must apply for a permit . but
no permit shall be issued * * * for the showing of motion pictures * * * which are , in the opinion of the board , indecent or injurious to the morals of the citizens of fort worth , or which would tend to promote or encourage indecency , immorality or racial or sectional prejudices , or juvenile delinquency .
it is the corruption of public morals , occasioned by the inciting effect of a particular portrayal or by what new york has deemed the necessary effect of obscenity , at which the statute is aimed . in the words of chief judge conway ,
there is no difference [ 707 ] in substance between motion pictures which are corruptive of the public morals , and sexually suggestive , because of a predominance of suggestive scenes , and those which achieve precisely the same effect by presenting only several such scenes in a clearly approbatory manner throughout the course of the film . the law is concerned with effect , not merely with but one means of producing it . . . the objection lies in the corrosive effect upon the public sense of sexual morality .
4 n . y . 2d , at 358 , 151 n . e . 2d , at 201 , 175 n . y . s . 2d , at 46 . ( emphasis in original . )
the other ordinance , no . 3475 , creates a board of censors to supervise motion picture exhibitions and other forms of theatrical entertainment , requires a permit to exhibit a motion picture , prohibiting such exhibition without a permit , prescribes regulations for the granting or refusal of permits , regulates advertisements , etc . the board of censors was to consist of four men and four women whose duty it was to supervise all motion picture exhibitions , and its decisions were subject to appeal to a board consisting of its own membership supplemented by three named officials of the city of fort worth or tarrant county . the board was given the right to have motion pictures shown in advance to its membership ; had a right to refuse a permit
if a majority of the board of censors * * * shall condemn said picture or other form of theatrical entertainment as being indecent or injurious to the morals of the citizens , or as tending to promote or encourage indecency , immorality , or racial or sectional prejudices , or juvenile delinquency .
354 u . s . 476 . rather , the court found that the picture as a whole
alluringly portrays adultery as proper behavior .
as chief judge conway ' s prevailing opinion emphasized , therefore , the only portion of the statute involved in this case is that part of §§ 122 and 122 - a of the education law requiring the denial of a license to motion pictures
which are immoral in that they portray ' acts of sexual immorality . . . as desirable , acceptable or proper patterns of behavior . '
[ note 8 ] 4 n . y . 2d , at 351 , 151 n . e . 2d , at 197 , 175 n . y . s . 2d , at 40 . a majority of the court of appeals ascribed to that language a precise purpose of the new york legislature to require the denial of a license to a motion picture
because its subject matter is adultery presented as being right and desirable for certain people under [ 688 ] certain circumstances .
[ note 9 ] 4 n . y . 2d , at 369 , 151 n . e . 2d , at 208 , 175 n . y . s . 2d , at 55 ( concurring opinion ) .
the court of appeals unanimously and explicitly rejected any notion that the film is obscene . 7 see roth v . united states , 354 u . s . 476 , 77 s . ct . 1304 , 1 l . ed . 2d 1498 . rather , the court found that the picture as a whole ' alluringly portrays adultery as proper behavior . ' as chief judge conways ' prevailing opinion emphasized , therefore , the only portion of the statute involved in this case is that part of §§ 122 and 122a of the education law requiring the denial of a license to motion pictures ' which are immoral in that they portray ' acts of sexual immorality * * * as desirable , acceptale or proper patterns of behavior .
8 4 n . y . 2d 351 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 40 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 . a majority of the court of appeals ascribed to that language a precise purpose of the new york legislature to require the denial of a license to a motion picture ' because its subject matter is adultery presente as being right and desirable for certain people under certain circumstances . ' 9 4 n . y . 2d 369 , 178 n . y . s . 2d 55 , 151 n . e . 2d 208 ( concurring opinion ) .
in this context , the act comes within the ban of joseph burstyn , inc . v . wilson , 1952 , 343 u . s . 495 , 72 s . ct . 777 , 96 l . ed . 1098 . we held there that ' expression by means of motion pictures is included within the free speech and free press guaranty of the first and fourteenth amendments . ' id . , 343 us . at page 502 , 72 s . ct . at page 781 . referring to near v . state of minnesota ex rel . olson , 1931 , 283 u . s . 697 , 51 s . ct . 625 , 75 l . ed . 1357 , we said that while ' a major purpose of the first amendment guaranty of a free press was to prevent prior restraints upon publication ' such protection was not unlimited but did place on the state ' a heavy burden to demonstrate that the limitation challenged ' was exceptional . id . , 343 u . s . at pages 503504 , 72 s . ct . at page 781 . the standard applied there was the word ' sacrilegious ' and we found it set the censor ' adrift upon a boundless sea amid a myriad of conflicting currents of religious views * * * . ' id . , 343 u . s . at page 504 , 72 s . ct . at page 782 . we struck it down .
the opinion elsewhere , as indeed is also the case with §§ 122 and 122a themselves when independently read in their entirety , is instinct with the notion that mere abstract expressions of opinion regarding the desirability of sexual immorality , unaccompanied by obscenity 5 or incitement , are not proscribed . see 4 n . y . 2d 349 , especially at pages 351352 , 354 , 356358 , 361 , 363364 , 175 n . y . s . 2d 39 , at pages 4041 , 4243 4449 , 5051 , 151 n . e . 2d 197 , at pages 197 , 199 , 200201 , 203 , 204205 ; and notes 1 and 2 , supra . it is the corruption of public morals , occasioned by the inciting effect of a particular portrayal or by what new york has deemed the necessary effect of obscenity , at which the statute is aimed . in the words of chief judge conway , ' there is no difference in substance between motion pictures which are corruptive of the public morals , and sexually suggestive , because of a predominance of suggestive scenes , and those which achieve rec isely the same effect by presenting only several such scenes in a clearly approbatory manner throughout the course of the film . the law in concerned with effect , not merely with but one means of producing it * * * the objection lies in the corrosive effect upon the public sense of sexual morality . ' 4 n . y . 2d at page 358 , 175 n . y . s . 2d at page 46 , 151 n . e . 2d at page 201 . ( emphasis in original . )
i concur in the court ' s opinion and judgment but add a few words because of concurring opinions by several justices who rely on their appraisal of the movie lady chatterley ' s lover for holding that new york cannot constitutionally bar it . unlike them , i have not seen the picture . my view is that stated by mr . justice douglas , that prior censorship of moving pictures like prior censorship of newspapers and books violates the first and fourteenth amendments . if despite the constitution , however , this nation is to embark on the dangerous road of censorship , my belief is that this court is about the most inappropriate supreme board of censors that could be found . so far as i know , judges possess no special expertise providing exceptional competency to set standards and to supervise the private morals of the nation . in addition , the justices of this court seem especially unsuited to make the kind of value judgmentsas to what movies are good or bad for local communitieswhich the concurring opinions appear to require . we are told that the only way we can decide whether a state or municipality can constitutionally bar movis i § for this court to view and appraise each movie on a case - by - case basis . under these circumstances , every member of the court must exercise his own judgment as to how bad a picture is , a judgment which is ultimately based at least in large part on his own standard of what is immoral . the end result of such decisions seems to me to be a purely personal determination by individual justices as to whether a particular picture viewed is too bad to allow it to be seen by the public . such an individualized determination cannot be guided by reasonably fixed and certain standards . accordingly , neither states nor moving picture makers can possibly know in advance , with any fair degree of certainty , what can or cannot be done in the field of movie making and exhibiting . this uncertainty cannot easily be reconciled with the rule of law which our constitution envisages .
i concur in the court ' s opinion and judgment but add a few words because of concurring opinions by several justices who rely on their appraisal of the movie lady chatterley ' s lover for holding that new york cannot constitutionally bar it . unlike them , i have not seen the picture . my view is that stated by mr . justice douglas , that prior censorship of moving pictures like prior censorship of newspapers and books violates the first and fourteenth amendments . if despite the constitution , however , this nation is to embark on the dangerous road of censorship , my belief is that this court is about the most inappropriate supreme board of censors that could be found . so far as i know , judges possess no special expertise providing exceptional competency to set standards and to supervise the private morals of the nation . in addition , the justices of this court seem especially unsuited to make the kind of value judgments - - as to what movies are good or bad for local communities - - which the concurring opinions appear to require . we are told that the only way we can decide whether a state or municipality can constitutionally bar movies is for this court to view and appraise each movie on a case - by - case basis . under these circumstances , every member of the [ 691 ] court must exercise his own judgment as to how bad a picture is , a judgment which is ultimately based at least in large part on his own standard of what is immoral . the end result of such decisions seems to me to be a purely personal determination by individual justices as to whether a particular picture viewed is too bad to allow it to be seen by the public . such an individualized determination cannot be guided by reasonably fixed and certain standards . accordingly , neither states nor moving picture makers can possibly know in advance , with any fair degree of certainty , what can or cannot be done in the field of movie making and exhibiting . this uncertainty cannot easily be reconciled with the rule of law which our constitution envisages .
under provisions of the new york education law which were construed by the court of appeals of new york as requiring the denial of a license to show a motion picture when
its subject matter is adultery presented as being right and desirable for certain people under certain circumstances ,
that court sustained denial of a license to show a motion picture which it found
alluringly portrays adultery as proper behavior .
held : as thus construed and applied , the new york statute violates the freedom to advocate ideas which is guaranteed by the first amendment and protected by the fourteenth amendment from infringement by the states . pp . 684 - 690 . [ 684 ]
once again the court is required to consider the impact of new york ' s motion picture licensing law upon first amendment liberties , protected by the fourteenth amendment from infringement by the states . cf .
the new york statute makes it unlawful
to exhibit , or to sell , lease or lend for exhibition at any place of amusement for pay or in connection with any business in the state of new york , any motion picture film or reel [ 685 ] [ with certain exceptions not relevant here ] , unless there is at the time in full force and effect a valid license or permit therefor of the education department . . . .
[ note 1 ] the law provides that a license shall issue
unless such film or a part thereof is obscene , indecent , immoral , inhuman , sacrilegious , or is of such a character that its exhibition would tend to corrupt morals or incite to crime . . . .
[ note 2 ] a recent statutory amendment provides that ,
the term ' immoral ' and the phrase ' of such a character that its exhibition would tend to corrupt morals ' shall denote a motion picture film or part thereof , the dominant purpose or effect of which is erotic or pornographic ; or which portrays acts of sexual immorality , perversion , or lewdness , or which expressly or impliedly presents such acts as desirable , acceptable or proper patterns of behavior .
[ note 3 ]
the court of appeals unanimously and explicitly rejected any notion that the film is obscene . [ note 7 ] see
we accept the premise that the motion picture here in question can be so characterized . we accept too , as we must , the construction of the new york legislature ' s language which the court of appeals has put upon it .
aero mayflower transit co . v . board of r . r . comm ' rs ,
332 u . s . 495 . that construction , we emphasize , gives to the term
sexual immorality
a concept entirely different from the concept embraced in words like
obscenity
or
pornography .
[ note 10 ] moreover , it is not suggested that the film would itself operate as an incitement to illegal action . rather , the new york court of appeals tells us that the relevant portion of the new york education law requires the denial of a license to any motion picture which approvingly portrays an adulterous relationship , quite without reference to the manner of its portrayal .
what new york has done , therefore , is to prevent the exhibition of a motion picture because that picture advocates an idea - - that adultery under certain circumstances may be proper behavior . yet the first amendment ' s basic guarantee is of freedom to advocate ideas . the state , quite simply , has thus struck at the very heart of constitutionally protected liberty .
it is contended that the state ' s action was justified because the motion picture attractively portrays a relationship which is contrary to the moral standards , the religious precepts , and the legal code of its citizenry . this [ 689 ] argument misconceives what it is that the constitution protects . its guarantee is not confined to the expression of ideas that are conventional or shared by a majority . it protects advocacy of the opinion that adultery may sometimes be proper , no less than advocacy of socialism or the single tax . and in the realm of ideas it protects expression which is eloquent no less than that which is unconvincing .
advocacy of conduct proscribed by law is not , as mr . justice brandeis long ago pointed out ,
a justification for denying free speech where the advocacy falls short of incitement and there is nothing to indicate that the advocacy would be immediately acted on .
274 u . s . 357 , at 376 ( concurring opinion ) .
among free men , the deterrents ordinarily to be applied to prevent crime are education and punishment for violations of the law , not abridgment of the rights of free speech . . . .
in my judgment , this court should not permit itself to get into the very center of such policy controversies , which have so little in common with lawsuits .
as one whose taste in art and literature hardly qualifies him for the avant - garde , i am more than surprised , after viewing the picture , that the new york authorities should have banned
lady chatterley ' s lover .
to assume that this motion picture would have offended victorian [ 692 ] moral sensibilities is to rely only on the stuffiest of victorian conventions . whatever one ' s personal preferences may be about such matters , the refusal to license the exhibition of this picture , on the basis of the 1954 amendment to the new york state education law , can only mean that enactment forbids the public showing of any film that deals with adultery except by way of sermonizing condemnation or depicts any physical manifestation of an illicit amorous relation . since the denial of a license by the board of regents was confirmed by the highest court of the state , i have no choice but to agree with this court ' s judgment in holding that the state exceeded the bounds of free expression protected by the
liberty
of the fourteenth amendment . but i also believe that the court ' s opinion takes ground that exceeds the appropriate limits for decision . by way of reinforcing my brother harlan ' s objections to the scope of the court ' s opinion , i add the following .
even the author of
lady chatterley ' s lover
did not altogether rule out censorship , nor was his passionate zeal on behalf of society ' s profound interest in the endeavors of true artists so doctrinaire as to be unmindful of the facts of life regarding the sordid exploitation of man ' s nature and impulses . he knew there was such a thing as pornography , dirt for dirt ' s sake , or , to be more accurate , dirt for money ' s sake . this is what d . h . lawrence wrote :
but even i would censor genuine pornography , rigorously . it would not be very difficult . in the first place , genuine pornography is almost always underworld , it doesn ' t come into the open . in the second , you can recognize it by the insult it offers invariably , to sex , and to the human spirit .
pornography is the attempt to insult sex , to do dirt on it . this is unpardonable . take the very lowest instance , the picture post - card sold underhand , [ 693 ] by the underworld , in most cities . what i have seen of them have been of an ugliness to make you cry . the insult to the human body , the insult to a vital human relationship ! ugly and cheap they make the human nudity , ugly and degraded they make the sexual act , trivial and cheap and nasty .
( d . h . lawrence , pornography and obscenity , pp . 12 - 13 . )
this traffic has not lessened since lawrence wrote . apparently it is on the increase . in the course of the recent debate in both houses of parliament on the obscene publications bill , now on its way to passage , designed to free british authors from the hazards of too rigorous application in our day of lord cockburn ' s ruling , in 1868 , in
l . r . 3 q . b . 360 , weighty experience was adduced regarding the extensive dissemination of pornographic materials . [ note 1 ] see 597 parliamentary debates , h . c . , no . 36 ( tuesday , december 16 , 1958 ) , cols . 992 et seq . , and 216 parliamentary debates h . l . , no . 77 ( tuesday , june 2 , 1959 ) , cols . 489 et seq . nor is there any reason to believe that on this side of the ocean there has been a diminution in the pornographic business which years ago sought a flourishing market in some of the leading secondary schools for boys , who presumably had more means than boys in the public high schools .
it is not surprising , therefore , that the pertinacious , eloquent and free - spirited promoters of the liberalizing legislation in great britain did not conceive the needs of a civilized society , in assuring the utmost freedom to those who make literature and art possible - - authors , artists , publishers , producers , book sellers - - easily attainable by sounding abstract and unqualified dogmas about freedom . [ 694 ] they had a keen awareness that freedom of expression is no more an absolute than any other freedom , an awareness that is reflected in the opinions of mr . justice holmes and mr . justice brandeis , to whom we predominantly owe the present constitutional safeguards on behalf of freedom of expression . and see
283 u . s . 697 , 715 - 716 , for limitations on constitutionally protected freedom of speech . [ note 2 ]
in short , there is an evil against which a state may constitutionally protect itself , whatever we may think about the questions of policy involved . the real problem is the formulation of constitutionally allowable safeguards which society may take against evil without impinging upon the necessary dependence of a free society upon the fullest scope of free expression . one cannot read the debates in the house of commons and the house of lords and not realize the difficulty of reconciling these conflicting interests , in the framing of legislation on the ends of which there was agreement , even for those who most generously espouse that freedom of expression without which all freedom gradually withers .
it is not our province to meet these recalcitrant problems of legislative drafting . ours is the vital but very limited task of scrutinizing the work of the draftsmen in order to determine whether they have kept within the narrow limits of the kind of censorship which even d . h . lawrence deemed necessary . the legislation must not be so vague , the language so loose , as to leave to those who have to apply it too wide a discretion for sweeping within its condemnation what is permissible expression as [ 695 ] well as what society may permissibly prohibit . always remembering that the widest scope of freedom is to be given to the adventurous and imaginative exercise of the human spirit , we have struck down legislation phrased in language intrinsically vague , unless it be responsive to the common understanding of men even though not susceptible of explicit definition . the ultimate reason for invalidating such laws is that they lead to timidity and inertia and thereby discourage the boldness of expression indispensable for a progressive society .
the new york legislation of 1954 was the product of careful lawyers who sought to meet decisions of this court which had left no doubt that a motion - picture licensing law is not inherently outside the scope of the regulatory powers of a state under the fourteenth amendment . the court does not strike the law down because of vagueness , as we struck down prior new york legislation . nor does it reverse the judgment of the new york court of appeals , as i would , because in applying the new york law to
lady chatterley ' s lover
it applied it to a picture to which it cannot be applied without invading the area of constitutionally free expression . the difficulty which the court finds seems to derive from some expressions culled here and there from the opinion of the chief judge of the new york court of appeals . this leads the court to give the phrase
acts of sexual immorality . . . as desirable , acceptable or proper patterns of behavior
an innocent content , meaning , in effect , an allowable subject matter for discussion . but , surely , to attribute that result to the decision of the court of appeals , on the basis of a few detached phrases of chief judge conway , is to break a faggot into pieces , is to forget that the meaning of language is to be felt and its phrases not to be treated disjointedly .
sexual immorality
is not a new phrase in this branch of law and its implications dominate the [ 696 ] context . i hardly conceive it possible that the court would strike down as unconstitutional the federal statute against mailing lewd , obscene and lascivious matter , which has been the law of the land for nearly a hundred years , see the act of march 3 , 1865 , 13 stat . 507 , and march 3 , 1873 , 17 stat . 599 , whatever specific instances may be found not within its allowable prohibition . in sustaining this legislation this court gave the words
lewd , obscene and lascivious
concreteness by saying that they concern
sexual immorality .
and only very recently the court sustained the constitutionality of the statute .
unless i misread the opinion of the court , it strikes down the new york legislation in order to escape the task of deciding whether a particular picture is entitled to the protection of expression under the fourteenth amendment . such an exercise of the judicial function , however onerous or ungrateful , inheres in the very nature of the judicial enforcement of the due process clause . we cannot escape such instance - by - instance , case - by - case application of that clause in all the varieties of situations that come before this court . it would be comfortable if , by a comprehensive formula , we could decide when a confession is coerced so as to vitiate a state conviction . there is no such talismanic formula . every term we have to examine the particular circumstances of a particular case in order to apply generalities which no one disputes . it would be equally comfortable if a general formula could determine the unfairness of a state trial for want of counsel . but , except in capital cases , we have to thread our way , term after term , through the particular circumstances of a particular case in relation to a particular defendant in order to ascertain whether due process was denied in the unique situation before us . we are constantly called upon to consider the alleged misconduct of a prosecutor as vitiating the fairness of a particular [ 697 ] trial or the inflamed state of public opinion in a particular case as undermining the constitutional right to due process . again , in the series of cases coming here from the state courts , in which due process was invoked to enforce separation of church and state , decision certainly turned on the particularities of the specific situations before the court . it is needless to multiply instances . it is the nature of the concept of due process , and , i venture to believe , its high serviceability in our constitutional system , that the judicial enforcement of the due process clause is the very antithesis of a procrustean rule . this was recognized in the first full - dress discussion of the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment , when the court defined the nature of the problem as a
gradual process of judicial inclusion and exclusion , as the cases presented for decision shall require , with the reasons on which such decision may be founded .
96 u . s . 97 , 104 . the task is onerous and exacting , demanding as it does the utmost discipline in objectivity , the severest control of personal predilections . but it cannot be escaped , not even by disavowing that such is the nature of our task .
mr . justice douglas , with whom mr . justice black joins , concurring .
283 u . s . 697 . if a particular movie violates a valid law , the exhibitor can be prosecuted in the usual way . i can find in the first amendment no room for any censor [ 698 ] whether he is scanning an editorial , reading a news broadcast , editing a novel or a play , or previewing a movie .


a tube is a soft squeezable container which can be used for thick liquids such as adhesive , caulking , ointment , and toothpaste .

basically , a tube is a cylindrical , hollow piece with a round or oval profile , made of plastic , paperboard , or aluminum .

both ends of this tube are treated differently during the manufacturing process and filling .

in general , on one end of the tube body there is a round orifice , which can be closed by different caps and closures .

the orifice can be shaped in many different ways .

plastic nozzles in various styles and lengths are just one good example .

to attach caps and closures , in most cases a thread is tapped onto the opening structure .

furthermore , something all aluminium tubes have in common is that the other open end is folded several times after the contents have been added .

the tube is thus hermetically sealed and nearly germ-free due to the high temperatures during the production process .

furthermore , it is possible to coat the inside of the tube with special coatings to prevent the material from reacting with the contents .

tubes are not poured from liquid aluminium ; they are produced by the process of impact extrusion .

in this process , the tube body is extruded from a small piece of aluminium with the round shape of a coin .

unlimited printing designs can be applied to the tube , thanks to the wet-in-wet offset printing method .

six tones can be printed with this printing procedure , which gives packaging designers great opportunities to express their creativity .

the filled content can be easily squeezed out by the pressure of two fingers .

the main characteristic of aluminium tubes is the total separation of the contents from the surrounding atmosphere ; therefore , such tubes are especially suitable for the packaging of highly perishable contents .

aluminium tubes are used as packaging technology for cosmetics , pharmaceuticals , food , and technical products .

plastic tubes : tube containers can also be produced in plastic , most commonly pe .

the use of plastic tubes is very popular for the storage of cosmetics such as hand creams etc. and also some food stuffs .

the plastic tube retains its shape after each " squeeze " unlike laminate tubes such as toothpaste tubes .

plastic tubes can also be highly decorated or have a special additive such as soft touch to make the tube more appealing during use or point of sale ( pos ) .

plastic tubes are produced using the extrusion process .

a " sleeve " is first produced using a very specialised extrusion line .

the " sleeve " must be produced to a very high standard ( for decoration purposes ) and also to very tight tolerances as automated processes are required post the extrusion operation .

once the " sleeve " is produced the tube head is fitted using an automated heading machine .

tube printing using complex and specialised printing machines such as silk screen printing applies the desired decoration .

the open tubes are then most likely packed and despatched to another facility for filling and sealing .

the growth of multi-layer plastic tubes has been significant over the last couple of years due to the " barrier " properties of the tube to enable a wider range of products such as food to be stored in them .

tube ( container )

2ml plastic test tube vials . internal push cap . test tube container craft powder
a collapsible tube container for dispensing semi - solid material comprising a tube with one flat stiff non - collapsible wall having a progressively engagable tube follower engagable over the tube that forces the material within the tube outwardly therefrom .
2ml polystyrene test tubes vials with push cap . test tube container craft powder .
tube container filed may 3 . 1929 s . boruss 1 , 817 , 732
2 . the ring flip - top tube container according to claim 1 , wherein the ring flip - top tube container is in the arc shape , so that two sides of the tube body are recessed toward the inner side of the tube .
figs . 2 , 3 are illustrations showing a container during a process for manufacturing the multi - tube container in fig . 1 .
a collapsible tube container having a stiff non - collapsible wall portion with a progressively engagable tube follower for dispensing the material within the tube . the stiffened wall portion of the tube is engaged by the follower for progressive and controlled advancement along the length of the tube .
the invention relates to a ring flip - top tube container , more particularly to the ring flip - top tube container comprising a tube body , a tube neck , and a flip - top cap including a lower flip - top cap and an upper flip - top cap .
a cap 16 is threadably engagable on said threaded outlet 15 forming the collapsible tube container 10 .
hollow or container type article [ e . g . , tube , vase , etc . ]
fig . 1 is a schematic view of a laminate - tube container of the present invention .
container ' with puncturing drinking tube marinus a . van der spek , manhattan beach , calif .
in the second embodiment of the invention , according to the first embodiment , the ring flip - top tube container is characterized in that : the ring flip - top tube container is in the arc shape , so that two sides of the tube body 4 are recessed toward the inner side of the tube .
fig . 2 and fig . 3 are each a schematic view of a conventional laminate - tube container .
fig . 4 is an illustration for describing use of the multi - tube container in fig . 1 ;
the laminated tube in the marchak container may be constructed so that it is impermeable to moisture , oxygen and volatile oils . according to marchak , the purpose of using such an impermeable tube is to prevent the passage of volatile oils and moisture from the product in the container through the tube to the exterior of the container .
8 . in an arrangement of the character described , a liquid container having a frangible closure member , a drinking tube mounted on an outside wall of said container out of contact with the liquid which may be contained within said container , a cover completely covering said tube with a first portion thereof permanently affixed to said container , said tube having one of its ends disposed adjacent said frangible closure member . said first portion of said cover permanently affixing said one end of said tube to said container and permitting pivotal movement of said one end of said tube on said container to puncture said frangible closure member .
this invention relates to a multi - tube container in which multiple squeezable tubes made of a plastic material are arranged in parallel and made separable from one another and to a manufacturing method for the multi - tube container .
fig . 3 is a view of a tube - container closed at one of its ends by a cork .
3 . a liquid container having mounted thereon for guided movement with respect thereto a drinking tube , one end of the drinking tube being mounted adjacent a frangible closure member on said container and being strong enough to puncture said member , and means providing said guided movement of said tube end whereby movement of the tube produces puncture and insertion of said tube end through said frangible member , and a protective cover constituting a portion of said means secured to said container and disposed completely over said drinking tube .
referring again to the container structure shown in figures 1 through 3 , there is no diiiculty in the removal of the last amount of liquid in the container when the container is tipped or the vbottom of the container is closely adjacent the end of the drinking tube ii , or when the bond between the drinking tube i i and the wall of the container to which it is pivotally attachedis such to allov . t separationof the tube iil from the wall whereby . the tube ii . may be projected against the bottom wall of thea container . all of these alternate structures embody the present invention .
10 . a packaging container according to claim 10 , characterized in that said packaging container is filled with contents and in that the combined tube packaging container is sealed at the end opposite the breast portions ( 3 , 3 ' ) , such that the seal at this location between the individual tube lengths is weaker than the seal of the individual tube lengths .
4 . an article of manufacture , a liquid container having a frangible closure member , a tube mounted for guided movement on said container in a sealed position and on an outer surface of said container out of contact with the liquid which may be within said container , and said tube being effective upon said guided movement from said sealed position to move into engagement with said closure member to puncture the same and to be inserted into said container through said frangible member , and a protective sealing cover secured to said container completely over said tube to seal the same .
9 . in an arrangement of the character described , a container having a frangible closure member therein , a drinking tube mounted on said container with one end thereof adjacent said frangible closure member , a cover member mounted on said container and completely covering said tube , said cover member having a rst portion thereof semi - permanently affixed to said container and a second portion thereof permanently affixed , both to said container and to said one end of said tube , said second portion being sufficiently resilient to allow pivotal movement of said tube with respect to said container , and said one tube end being sufliciently strong in relationship to said frangible closure member to puncture the same upon such pivotal movement .
the invention relates to a method of producing a packaging container and to a packaging container as defined in the first part of claim 9 .
6 . in an arrangement of the character described , a liquid container having a frangible closure member , a drinking tube mounted on an outside wall of said container out of contact with the liquid which may be contained within said container , a strip completely covering said tube with a first portion thereof releasably axed to said container , and with a second portion thereof permanently axed to said container , a tear line separating said rst and second portions of said strip , a tab extending from said first portion of said strip to allow a person to grasp the same and detach said first portion of said strip from said container , said tube having one of its ends pointed and disposed adjacent said frangible closure member , said second portion of said strip permanently affixing said one end of said tube to said container and permitting pivotal movement of said pointed end of said tube on said container .
the object of my invention is to provide a tube - container whlch shows the colour of its contents without being brittle like glass .
fig . 1 shows a side view of a container of the present invention with a portion of the tube wall shown in section .
in a tube container , in combination , a tube - body consisting of cellophan , a metal strip pressed upon one fold u end of said tube , a cylindrical part fastened to the other end of said tube ending in a pipe provided with a screw - thread and a head adapted to be screwed upon said pipe .
figure ' 7 shows another modified container with associated drinking straw embodying the present invention , the upper end of the container being shown in section .
' squeeze tube container filed oct . 20 , 1932 invento aito rney i patented dec . 256 , 1933 t t sounnzn tube container theodore adolphe joseph le blanc , montreal , quebec , canada , assignor of one - half to jean marie boulard , montreal , quebec ,
7 . in an arrangement of the character described , a container having a frangible closure member therein , a drinking tube mounted on said container with one end thereof adjacent said frangible closure member , a strip mounted on said container and completely covering said tube , said strip having a first portion thereof semi - permanently afxed to said container and a second portion thereof permanently aixed both to said container and to said one end of said tube , a tear line in said strip separating said first and second portions thereof , said second portion being sufliciently resilient to allow pivotal movement of said tube with respect to said container , and said one tube end being sufliciently strong in relationship to the strength of said frangible closure member to puncture the f same upon such pivotal movement .
moreover , in the invention , with the decreased height of the header ring , the height of the cap is decreased ; hence , compared to the tube container in the prior art , the ring flip - top tube container in the invention may have more novel and elegant appearance .
after the container is removed from the mandrel , the container ' s contents may be introduced into its interior through the open bottom of the container . the bottom is then sealed , e . g . , by heat sealing .
the present invention relates to a laminate - tube container to be used for toothpaste , food , cosmetics , medicine , adhesives or the like .
figs . 9 ( a ) to ( c ) are illustrations showing another multi - tube container according to the sixth embodiment of the invention .
referring to the drawings in detail , a multi - tube container and its manufacturing method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are shown .
total capacity of the tube is 2ml . 10 x 2ml plastic test tube vials = 1 x 1ml pipette - free & included . 25 x 2ml plastic test tube vials = 3 x 1ml pipette - free & included . 50 x 2ml plastic test tube . . .
in view of the above , it is an object of the present invention to provide a laminate - tube container having improved barrier properties at the shoulder thereof by utilizing the conventional laminate tube production process as such .
l . an article of manufacture , a beverage container having a . frangible closure member on an end wall of the same , a drinking tube having one end mounted onl said end wall adjacent said frangible member and on the outside of said container out of contact with the beverage which may be within said container , said tube end being adapted to puncture said frangible member , and means pivotally mounting said drinking tube on said beverage container with the path of movement of said tubeend passing through said . frangle member whereby a pivotal movement of said drinking tube causes puncture ofsaid frangible member andv movement ofsaid tube end into said container , said container being collapsible and . having . vertical walls of accordion - like construction , said verticalfwallsrhaving an extended length substantially greater than the length of said . tube and , the dimensions of said end wall , said verticali walls . being thusex - tensible to allow said tube end to . be . immersed inv the beverage in said container after said fra - ngible member is thus punctured and ; when and as the . beverage within . said ` container is being ` consumed .
2 . the multi - tube container as set forth in claim 1 , wherein sad at least one of said head portions and said neck portions have partition grooves , respectively , to separate one tube from the other .
the invention relates to a squeeze tube container , as described in the present specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings that form part of the same .
fig . 2 is a photo of a ring flip - top tube container according to the invention , showing the combined state of each structural part .
our new protectr™ tube is the only container closure system designed to be co₂ resistant and prevent damage to molecular and cellular solutions when using dry ice .
labcon protectr™ tube is the only container closure system engineered to be co₂ resistant and stop costly damage to molecular and cellular solutions when using dry ice .
the present invention relates to a combination container and dispenser , and has for one of its objects the provision of a specially constructed container having incorporated therewith means whereby the contents of the container may be removed in a sanitary , convenient manner .
2 , . a beverage container having a frangible closure memben , a drinking tube having one end mounted adjacent said frangible member and strong enough to puncture the same , means pivotally mounting said drinln ' ng tube on said beverage container with the path of movement . of said tube end passing through saidv frangible member to . puncture the same whereby apivotal movement . of . said . drinking tube causes puncture of . said frangible member and - movement . of said tubev end . into said container , and a protective cover constituting a part of saidpivotally mounting means which is secu - red to . said container completely over said . drinking . tube ` to . protect the same .
fig . 1 is a sectional view of a ring flip - top tube container according to the invention , showing the combined state of each structural part .
an object of the present invention is to provide an improved container having means associated therewith for normally maintaining a dispenser , such as a straw , within the container .
the container depicted in fig . 7 should be particularly useful when it is important that the interior of the container be entirely impermeable to the container ' s contents . for example , certain toothpastes include flavor - providing substances that will seep into the interior of the container during storage , if that interior is made from polyethylene . this phenomenon is particularly noticeable at the top of the container where the toothpaste lies close to the neck and upper shoulder portion of the container , resulting in an unsatisfactory
off taste
of the toothpaste first squeezed out of the container by the consumer .
my invention consists in a tube - container consisting of flexible transparent material . everybody to recognize the colour of their contents exactly without opening the tube and they can be transported and stored in any manner since they are not breakable .
3 . the collapsible container of claim 1 wherein the shoulderpiece extends across the cylindrical neck of the molded headpiece so that foreign material cannot pass from the exterior of the container into the interior of the container via the cylindrical neck without breaking the shoulderpiece .
2 . the collapsible container of claim 1 wherein the headpiece , inside surface of the shoulderpiece and the inside surface of the tube are made from a polyester .
5 . the laminate - tube container of claim 1 , wherein said neck portion and said shoulder portion are integrally formed from said melt - blended resin composition .
cards , coupons , or drinking straws located initially inside the container , whereby the straw is revealed only upon opening the container , e . g . pop - up straws
fig . 8 shows a rear perspective view of the container of fig . 7 ,
the invention relates to a ring flip - top tube container , comprising a tube body ( 4 ) providing a space for accommodating cosmetic , a tube neck ( 3 ) and a flip - top cap including a lower flip - top cap ( 2 ) and an upper flip - top cap ( 1 ) . since the number of parts is reduced and the manufacturing process is simplified , in the process of producing the ring flip - top tube container , the use of raw material and energy may be reduced . therefore , the ring flip - top tube container is not only environmentally friendly but also conductive to increase production efficiency and lower production cost . in addition , this ring flip - top tube container is capable of reducing the height of the cap and hence an elegant design may be executed .
the tube will hold approx 10ml of liquid . once the screw cap is fully screwed on , the tube is leak - proof . length of tube is 9 . 6cm ( 9 . 9cm with the screw cap on ) .
this invention relates to collapsible tube containers having flexible wall surfaces in which the user collapses the same by squeezing the tube forcing the material within outwardly therefrom .
the collapsible container of the present invention preferably is constructed from three pre - formed components , namely , a molded headpiece , a laminated shoulderpiece and a laminated tube .
according to the invention , compared to the flip - top tube container in the prior art , the ring flip - top tube container reduces the number of the parts , simplifies assembly process , and saves and reduces raw materials and energy , thus not only being environmentally friendly but also conductive to increase production efficiency and reduce production cost . in addition , this ring flip - top tube container in the invention is capable of reducing the height of the cap and hence an elegant design is executed .
fig . 3 is a photo of a structural part a ring flip - top tube container according to the invention , showing the disassembled state of each structural part .
figure 6 shows a portion of the container shown in figure 5 , but with the drinking straw moved to a position where it causes puncture of the wall of the container .
one advantage of a container having the cap described above is that one less step is required to manufacture that container , namely , the manufacturer does not have to screw a cap on to the container . in addition , the cap , together with its associated breakable section , provide tamper - proof closure of the container before purchase and use by the consumer .
inc . all rights reserved . use of this site signifies your acceptance of the container store
consequently , a laminate - tube container according to the present invention is extremely useful as containers used for toothpaste , medicine , food , drinks , adhesives or the like .
as to the ring flip - top tube container in the invention , a tube body 4 is used for providing a space accommodating cosmetic , and can be made of soft material , for example , pe . the lower part of the tube body 4 can be sealed with the adoption of the well - known technique in the prior art , and the upper part of the tube body 4 is opened . furthermore , the upper part of the tube body ( 4 ) is opened and connected with the lower part of the tube neck ( 3 ) and constitutes one body ;
in u . s . pat . no . 3 , 648 , 895 , a collapsible tube container can be seen wherein areas of reduced wall thickness extend longitudinally oppositely disposed to one another so that the tube can be collapsed in a true flat fashion .
another advantage of the container of the present invention is that the molded headpiece of that container can be used with laminated tubes having widely varying diameters . the reason for this is that , unlike the containers described in the patents discussed above , the molded headpiece of the container of the present invention does not depend on the size of the container ' s laminated tube because it is not bonded to or in abutment with that laminated tube . the fact that containers having a number of different tube diameters can be made from a single size of a molded headpiece can result in substantial savings to the manufacturer of the containers .
nov 11 , 1952 m . a . van der spek container with puncturing drinking tube filed july 5 , 1947 2 sheets - sheet 2 ' lll / iia 5 attorneys .
3 . the multi - tube container as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a cap portion for plugging said neck portion is formed at a part of said head portion .
4 . the multi - tube container as set forth in claim 1 , wherein a pin portion for plugging said neck portion is formed at a part of said head portion .
it is important in the laminate - tube container according to the present invention that the material as selected above be used in the shoulder thereof . on the other hand , other parts of the container than the shoulder thereof may be composed of any conventional material , and also the conventional production process may be applied to the container of the present invention . it goes without saying that the whole of a tube container may be constituted of the melt - blended material comprising the aforementioned components ( a ) , ( b ) and ( c ) .
yet another advantage of the container of the present invention is that the design of that container permits the use of a relatively thin impermeable shoulder as compared to the impermeable shoulders of prior art containers . as a result , the container of the present invention has a relatively soft shoulder as compared to prior art containers . this soft shoulder facilitates removal of the contents of the container .
as there are relatively many parts of the container in the prior art , there are problems of increased raw material cost and complicated assembly process . therefore , it needs to be improved of production efficiency and process cost . moreover , as the flip - top tube container is formed by a plurality of parts , it is hard for the container to have elegant appearance .
in f ig . 3 the tube 1 is closed at one end by being cellootherend by a cork 7 . the tube container may be made out . of long tubes cutting off short pieces according to the desired length of the container or by ' rolling plates of the same material over a mandrel and sticking the edges of the plates one to another .
in order to solve the foregoing problem , the present inventors have intensively investigated a variety of shoulder materials for a laminate - tube container and finally accomplished the present invention on the basis of the finding that a specific resin blend is effective as a shoulder material for the container .
a threaded outlet 15 is formed integrally on the opposite end of said collapsible tube container 10 from said flexible wall member 13 as will be understood by those skilled in the art .
applicant ' s device comprises a collapsible tube having a single stiff non - collapsible flat wall with a tube collapsing follower progressively engaging the flat wall and collapsible wall portion .
a second bottom portion formed at a fourth end of said second tube , said second bottom portion sealing said second tube and being detachably connected to said first bottom portion .
still ' a further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedbeverage container having incorporated therein a drinking straw which is normally sealed by a frangible member , which when severed to gain access to the straw , automatically causes puncturing of the container and insertion of the straw into the container .
3 . the ring flip - top tube container according to claim 1 , wherein tamper occurs between the outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the tube neck and that of the lower part of the discharge outlet , so that the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the discharge outlet is higher than that of the upper part of the tube neck .
in addition to tube 9 , the container shown in fig . 1 also includes a shoulderpiece 13 and a headpiece 14 . the construction of those additional components and the manner in which the components of the container are joined together are shown in more detail in figs . 2 - 4 .
fig . 5 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a container of the present invention .
fig . 6 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a container of the present invention .
fig . 7 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a container of the present invention .
fig . 8 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a container of the present invention .
fig . 9 shows a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a container of the present invention .
figure 4 is a plan view of a preferred container with associated drinking straw embodying the present invention .
9 . a packaging container ( 1 ) comprising a flexible tube ( 2 ) and a hollow breast portion ( 3 ) at one end of said flexible tube ( 2 ) , wherein said packaging container ( 1 ) comprises at least one further flexible tube ( 2 ' ) and hollow breast portion ( 3 ' ) , said hollow breast portions ( 3 , 3 ' ) being secured together , characterized in that said flexible tubes ( 2 , 2 ' ) are lengths of extruded tube , and in that each of said hollow breast portions ( 3 , 3 ' ) is separately attached to each of said lengths of extruded tube by welding .
three types of laminate - tube containers having different shoulder materials from each other were produced .
get out the measuring tape or ruler , because when it comes to mailing tubes and cardboard tubes , 2 things are of primary importance - the tube ' s diameter and the tube ' s length . if you select a mailing tube that ' s too small , you ' ll be forced to cram your documents into the tube , risking damage along the way .
patented aug . 4 , 1931 stephen bonuss , or bunaresr . hungary tube container application filed may 3 , 1929 , serial no . 380 , 159 , and in hungary may 4 , 1928 .
referring to fig . 1 , the container consists in the tube 1 made of flexible transparent material and is closed at both ends by metal stitjlps 2 pressed upon the folded ends of the tu e .
m . a . van der spek container with puncturing drinking tube nov . 11 , 1952 filed july 5 . 1947 2 sheets - sheet l w10 / ima . 090x / 5 % l m ,
referring now to fig . 8 , there is shown yet another embodiment of the container of the present invention . the components of this container are headpiece 54 , laminated shoulderpiece 53 and laminated tube 49 . as can be seen from fig . 8 , the shoulderpiece 53 is bonded to a bottom surface 55 of the headpiece 54 . the container depicted in fig . 8 is characterized by the fact that the shoulderpiece 53 extends across the cylindrical neck 56 of the headpiece . in use , this prevents any foreign material from being introduced into the interior of the container through the container ' s cylindrical neck until after the shoulderpiece is broken through .
fig . 4 is a front plan view of the tube follower in fig . 2 ; and
the laminated tube has an inside surface and an outside surface . the upper portion of one of the surfaces of the laminated tube is bonded to one of the surfaces of the laminated shoulderpiece .
as to the ring flip - top tube container in the invention , the tube neck 3 is connected with the upper part of the tube body 4 and may be made of soft material , for example , pe . the tube neck 3 is formed with a ring - shaped groove 5 being capable of fastening and fixing the lower flip - top cap 2 along the outer peripheral surface of the side part of the tube neck ; the center of the upper part of the tube neck 3 has a protuberance - shaped discharge outlet 6 used for discharging cosmetic . moreover , preferably , tamper occurs between the outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the tube neck 3 and that of the lower part of the discharge outlet 6 , so that the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the discharge outlet 6 is higher than that of the upper part of the tube neck 3 .
( c ) a laminated tube , said laminated tube having an inside surface and an outside surface , the upper portion of the outside surface of the laminated tube being bonded to a portion of the inside surface of the laminated shoulderpiece , said molded headpiece , laminated shoulderpiece and laminated tube being arranged and constructed so that the molded headpiece , including all its integrally molded parts , is spaced from the laminated tube by a distance at least about three times the thickness of the laminated shoulderpiece .
the container 13 may be of . any general type employed for dispensing liquids , but we have found that the invention herein is advantageously employed in connection with containers which are used for the collection of blood . such a container is evacuated and sealed in evacuated condition , employing a rubber or resilient closure 27 . a tube having ' needles at both ends is employed to connect the interior of the container with the vein of the donor , one needle entering the vein and the other needle being passed through the resilient closure or diaphragm thereof so as to communicate with the interior of . the ' container . the partial vacuum within the container facilitates the withdrawal of blood .
on the other hand , it is practicable to make the container depicted in fig . 7 so that the entire interior of the container is made from polyester . this can be done by making the headpiece 44 , the inner layer 46 of the laminated shoulderpiece 43 , and the inner layer 48 of the laminated tube 39 all out of polyester . good heat bonding between the components of the container can be achieved by making the outer layer 47 of the laminated shoulderpiece 43 and the outer layer 41 of the laminated tube 39 out of polyethylene .
10 x plastic test tube . specification : color : nature clear like glass . material : plastic .
length of tube is 5 . 5cm ( 6 . 5cm with the screw cap full inserted ) .
the former multi - container type package , however , raises a problem that it cannot be molded easily because it requires to provide connecting pieces at respective caps and bodies , and to connect those connecting pieces breakably . the package further raises a problem that for respective containers are connected simply at the caps and bodies the package may not stably maintain its connection because the lower portions , or the bottoms , to which weights of the filled contents are exerted , of the container are not connected . the latter multi - tube container requires to connect the containers with each other by attaching thick connecting strings between the caps and between the bodies , so that the container cannot be molded easily . the container also raises a problem that the connecting strings cannot be cut easily when the respective containers are to be separated . as well as the above , the container further raises a problem that the container may not stably maintain its connection because the bottoms , to which weights of the filled contents are exerted , of the container are not connected .
another object of the present invention is to vprovide an improved beverage container wherein beverages of various kinds , such as milk , lemonade , soft drinks , and the like , may have incorporated therein a straw which is sealed for shipment and transportation , the container being of water - proof pasteboard , or any other suitable material , and the straw being sealed on the container , but upon breaking the seal , adaptable for use in drinking the contents of the container .
4 . the collapsible container of claim 1 wherein the molded headpiece , including all its integrally molded parts , is spaced from the laminated tube by a distance at least about ten times the thickness of the laminated shoulderpiece .
in fig . 2 , as well as in figs . 3 - 9 , the thickness of the shoulderpiece and tube are exaggerated relative to the diameter of the tube . accordingly , the distance between the headpiece and tube in terms of the thickness of the shoulderpiece is greater than would appear from these figures .
in addition , the ring flip - top tub container in the invention may save and reduce raw materials and energy .
as a container to be used for toothpaste , food , cosmetics , medicine , adhesives or the like , a laminate - tube type container is available ( refer to fig . 1 ) . the body of such a container is given a barrier property by an aluminum foil or an ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer , etc . however , since the shoulder ( part a of fig . 1 ) formed in the discharge side of the container is usually made of a material comprising a single resin such as polyethylene and has poor gas barrier properties , there have arisen various problems such that the contents of the container , such as perfume , are released through the shoulder , while gases contained in the outer atmosphere , such as oxygen , enter the container through the shoulder , thus changing the quality of the contents .
in figures 4 , 5 and 6 , the drinking4 tube i . i . may be ' inserted into the container in exactly the same manner as is the corresponding drinking tube in the arrangement shown ` in figures , 1l , v 2 and 3 , and corresponding elements in figures 1 - 6 have identical reference numerals .
in order to cope with these problems , there are available several methods , for example , a method in which a laminate - tube container is fitted with a doughnut - shaped member containing an aluminum foil at the inside or outside of the shoulder of the container ( rondelle type as shown in fig . 2 ) , a method in which a container is equipped with a cup - shaped member extending from the shoulder to the inside of the opening of the container ( membrane rondelle type as shown in fig . 3 ) , or a method in which a preformed member of a resin having a high barrier property , such as polybutylene terephthalate ( pbt ) , is installed on the container .
nozlen document poster tube - black plastic storage tube expands from 24 . 5
up to 40
with clear id card cap - water and light resistant - telescoping for posters , artwork and drawings model dt3001
one of the important features of the present invention is the collapsible feature of , the container shown in figure 5 , which allows the . use of a relatively short drinking straw , since the upper level of the remaining liquid within . the container may be moved at willand . raised above the lower end of the drinking tube inserted therein .
an object of the invention is to provide a tube support adapted to support tubes firmly upon a container . a further object is to provide a collapsible support which may be readily attached to a bottle for firm support thereon while providing means for receiving test tubes upon the support . yet another object is to provide a support adapted to be employed with a container having a neck portion and a bail secured to its bottom portion , the support being equipped with means for engaging the neck of the container and with means at its opposite end for engaging the bail of the container to provide a tube support . a still further object is to provide a card support adapted to receive a tube and needle combination to protect the same during shipment and adapted also to be unfolded to provide a tube support adapted to be secured firmly to a bottle . other specific objects and advantages will appear as the specification proceeds .
a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved beverage container having incorporated therewith a drinking straw , the container being characterized by the fact that it is of accordion type of construction , allowin - g reduction of its size as the contents are being removed and a drinking straw of small length which may be enclosed in a frangible member , the severing of which automatically causes the drinking straw to puncture the wall of the container and to be inserted within the container .
capacity：2ml . disposable plastic centrifuge tube with cap . 100 x plastic centrifuge tube . quantity : 100pcs . made of pp material , heat resistance up to 150 degrees , no bubble without impurities . pointe . . .
dsm brand - telescoping art tube . documents blueprints artwork hard plastic expandable carrying case . 30 - 50
dsm brand - telescoping art tube . documents blueprints artwork hard plastic expandable carrying case . 25 - 40
alvin storage and transport tube , size 2 . 75 x 25 inches , blue ( mt25 - bl )
in the third embodiment of the invention , according to the first embodiment , the ring flip - top tube container is characterized in that : tamper occurs between the outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the tube neck 3 and that of the lower part of the discharge outlet 6 , so that the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the discharge outlet 6 is higher than that of the upper part of the tube neck 3 .
disposable plastic centrifuge tube with cap . 50 x plastic centrifuge tube . capacity：0 . 5ml . made of pp material , heat resistance up to 150 degrees , no bubble without impurities . pointed bottom , flexibl . . .
still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved beverage container of paper , cardboard , and the like , wherein there is incorporated on the outside surface of the container a dispensing straw whereby the contents of the container may be conveniently consumed while , at the same time , the beverage is preserved pure and wholesome , and in a desirable condition for consumption .
10 x 50ml plastic centrifuge test tube vial container . scale : 50ml . use : laboratory analysis , and with the use of centrifuges . shape of bottom : sharp bottom , round bottom , pointed round bottom , straig . . .
print parts to suit your needs and use different colours to identify sections / contents within your extendable tube container . colour coding makes it easy to find and access the items / section required while all other sections remain closed / sealed .
clear round tube packaging from visipak can be selected with either two open ends or with one end permanently sealed creating a container . or , select one of our clear packaging options with a special feature such as the hang tube , with one end crimped forming the seal . all of our round clear plastic container sizes have a variety of caps and plugs available to complete the package . another style is our threaded tube with matching threaded caps . our small jars or vials are injection molded with threads and , a special dual - wall threaded cap provides an airtight , watertight solution .
10 x plastic test tube . specification : color : nature clear like glass . material : plastic . 15x100mm .
10×plastic test tube vials sample containers with lid cap 12 * 60 12 * 75 13 * 75 mm . *
a truly modular storage solution in a tube . you can custom configure it ' s length and the amount of storage per cavity inside . you can create one long tube of have it divided up into small segments to securely store small things separately from other items in different compartments . . . . but all within the same tube .
my invention relates to tube - containers , a strip ? and at its more particularly to tube - containers for coloured liquids or plastic material , for instance , toilet - water , honey , oil - paints , etc .
5 . the invention defined in claim 4 characterized by the fact that the container has vertical side walls of accordion type construction of greater extended length than the length of said tube , and said tube is mounted on an end wall having said frangible closure member , said end wall having dimensions substantially less than the extended length of said accordion side walls .
30 x 5ml plastic centrifuge test tube vial container . specifications : scale : 5ml ( permissible error 0 . 1 ml ) . for most laboratory analysis。 . withstand temperature range : - 80 ℃ 121 ℃ ; can be autoclaved . . .
fig . 3 shows a partial sectional view depicting one stage in a process for making the container depicted in fig . 2 .
fig . 4 shows a partial sectional view depicting another stage in a process for making the container depicted in fig . 2 .
male cap : the male end cap . this is very shallow so treat it as a cap to your tube .
alvin mt25 - gr green storage & transport tube - 2 3 / 4 inches i . d . x 25 inches
( b ) a breakable section connecting and joining together the bottom end of said cap and said cylindrical neck so that the cap and breakable section prevent the passage of foreign material from the exterior of the container into the interior of the container via the cylindrical neck .
preferably , the components of the container 40 are bonded together by a heat sealing process . during heat sealing , portions of the container ' s thermoplastic layers may flow around the edges 16 of the middle layer 15 of shoulderpiece 13 and the upper edge 18 of the middle layer 10 of tube 9 . as shown in fig . 2 , a portion of thermoplastic flowed around one of the edges of the middle layer 15 to provide a barrier 17 that protects and insulates the contents of the container from that middle layer .
as we all know , in the past , a flip - top tube container , having an outer cap , an inner cap and a flip - top cap , is used as the container for accommodating cosmetic , drugs and so on . as to this tube container , the flip - top cap has a screw structure or an undercut structure of a header ring of which the lower part is cut out . the header ring of the structure is fastened and fixed with the inner cap in the screw or under cut manner . the outer peripheral surface of the inner cap is fastened and fixed with the outer cap in the under cut manner .
20 x 10ml plastic centrifuge test tube vial container . scale : 10ml ( permissible error 0 . 1 ml ) . for most laboratory analysis。 . withstand temperature range : - 80 ℃ 121 ℃ ; can be autoclaved at 121 ℃ . the . . .
disposable plastic centrifuge tube with snap cap . 50 x plastic centrifuge tube . ideal for samples , food colourings , craft use , etc . pointed bottom , flexible cover , easy to open . made of pp material , n . . .
the cap comprises a cylinder with open and closed ends . before use by the consumer , the closed end is positioned toward the end of the cap closest to the cylindrical neck of the container . before the breakable section is broken by the consumer , the closed end and the breakable section prevent the passage of foreign material from the exterior of the container into the interior of the container via the cylindrical neck .
' 2 claims . ( cl . 211 - 73 ) this invention relates to a container tube support , and more particularly to a card support for tubes adapted to be secured to a bail - equipped bottle . the invention is particularly useful in connection with a container . for blood plasma and the like , and for the supporting of test tubes employed in connection with the testing of blood .
a laminate - tube container having a shoulder with improved barrier properties is characterized in that the shoulder comprises a material composed of ( a ) 0 to 50 % by weight of polyethylene , ( b ) 10 to 50 % by weight of an ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer or a saponified ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer and ( c ) 10 to 90 % by weight of a carboxylic acid - modified adhesive polyethylene resin . the laminate - tube is markedly improved in the gas barrier property at the shoulder thereof and , thus , the quality of the contents of the container can be maintained for a long period of time . the laminate - tube container according to the present invention is extremely useful as containers used for toothpaste , medicine , food , drinks , adhesives or the like .
a laminate - tube container according to the present invention can be greatly improved in gas barrier properties as compared with conventional products by the shoulder composed of a resin composition comprising the above - mentioned components ( a ) , ( b ) and ( c ) .
in u . s . pat . no . 1 , 844 , 215 , a semi - collapsible metallic tube is shown having a wall stiffening member within the collapsed tube , the member having a half u - shaped configuration in cross section .
now a description will be given to resin materials for a laminate - tube shoulder to be used in the present invention .
alvin mt43 - bl blue storage & transport tube - 2 3 / 4
i . d . x 43
,
alvin mt43 - gr ice tubes green storage & transport tube 2 3 / 4 inches i . d . x 43 inches
alvin ice tubes green storage & transport tube – 2 3 / 4
i . d . x 37
mt37 gr
alvin mt37 - cl ice tubes clear storage & transport tube 2 3 / 4 inches i . d . x 37 inches
steps e to h occur in a filling machine . in step e the open - ended , twin - tube packaging container is fed into the machine with its cap 4 downwards . at station f , filling is effected . filling may occur at high speed since the tube body presents a large open cross - sectional area , as opposed to the opposite end which has been conformed to the shape of the breast portion . this large cross - sectional area is thus allowed due to the nature of the tube being a simple extruded tube length for each of the tubes and by the separate conforming of the tube end before subsequent attachment of a breast portion thereto . by staggering the filler heads 22 and 23 as shown , parallel filling may also be achieved .
u . s . pat . no . 2 , 809 , 771 discloses a baby food feeder having a tube - like body member , the end of which is held together by a spring clip so that the tube can be refilled with a semi - solid food and sealed . the tube is compressed extruding the food outwardly through a small opening to which a nipple is secured
referring iirst to the figures 1 - 3 , the container l0 may be of cardboard , impregnated or covered withparain , and of conventional size .