aerocaribe was an airline based in mérida , yucatán , mexico .

it was a regional affiliate of mexicana operating services under the mexicana inter banner and codeshares with its parent company .

it operated almost 120 flights a day .

in 2005 mexicana decided to rebrand aerocaribe as a low-cost airline , mexicanaclick .

aerocaribe

owler has collected 11 screenshots of aerocaribe ' s website since may 2015 . the latest aerocaribe website design screenshot was captured in mar 2018 .
the owler community has estimated the number of employees of aerocaribe to be one .
the owler community has estimated the revenue of aerocaribe to be less than $ 1m .
aerocaribe travel agency travel agencies is one of a number of businesses situated in manhattan , new york .
aerocaribe , s . a . de c . v . see aerovias caribe , s . a . de c . v
does anybody knows if aerocaribe wants to add more dc - 9 to its fleet of 8 dc - 9 - 30 ? i have heard a rumour that possibly 1 or 2 more ex - us airways birds could join aerocaribe soon . . .
july 8 - aerocaribe flight 7831 , a british aerospace jetstream 32 , crashes near chulum juárez , mexico , killing all 19 on board .
aerocaribe ( english : aircaribbean ) is the flag carrier and largest airline of caribbean federation , with its headquarters in san pedro , and where its main hub , san pedro international airport is located . aerocaribe dominates both domestic and international air travel in the west indies . it was founded on 3rd march 1968 .
a twin - engine passenger plane crashed on a domestic flight from the southern mexican state of chiapas , killing all 19 people aboard , authorities said sunday . aerocaribe flight 7831 , carrying 17 passengers and two crew members , crashed saturday evening after it left the chiapas state capital , tuxtla gutierrez , on a short flight to villahermosa , capital of the neighboring gulf coast state of tabasco . all but two aboard were believed to be mexican .
aerocaribe two weeks ago added the 9th dc9 - 31 in it´s fleet ex . xa - txg . ( soon to be uploaded ) aerocaribe plans to end this year with 15 dc9 - 31s . . . current fleet it´s 9 . also qa retire the 6 j - 31 this year . after mx retire the last 3 b727s ( july 12th or 14th , 03 ) . , mexicana will start replacing their 12 - f100 as soon as lessor contracts of each aircraft ends . i heard a rumour , that mexicana made an order for 8 more a319s . plus right now , there´s another a320 in mexicana´s hangars waiting to join the fleet ! also i heard that mexicana was thinking on getting 717s instead of the a318 ( not ordered yet , but probably we will see that order in a couple of months or a year ) . , because of the good deal boeing was offering to 3 star carriers . , lufthansa , austrian & sas about being launch customer of the b7173 if these 3 star a . carriers made an order of 80 or more aircrafts ! so for mexicana being another s . a . carrier they could also give a good price , over airbus 318s ! so , mexicana fleet will be something like this : aerocaribe / mexicana 9 dc9 - 31s + 6 joining in this year . 12 b717 - 2 / 3s or a318 . instead of the 12 f100s . 12 a319 + 8 in order . 26 a320 + 1 soon to join the fleet . 10 b757 + 2 joining the fleet in this year . total : 86 ghost77
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the airplane experience a left hand engine failure immediately after takeoff . the airplane crash - landed in a swamp . one of the passengers died of a heart attack while moving through the swamp .
this map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight . the line between the airports does
distance from cancún airport to cozumel airport as the crow flies is 57 km ( 36 miles ) .
this information is not presented as the flight safety foundation or the aviation safety network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident . it is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time .
aero caribe is a costarican company that started operations in november 2013 as a local and international charter flight operator . we currently offer 6 different types of aircraft with a capacity of 5 to 12 passengers , including single engine , twin engine and turboprop aircrafts as well as turbine powered helicopters .
to provide a premium charter flight service , with the highest safety , technology and customer service standards .
to become a unique private and charter flight service provider in the region , while steadily increasing our services and fleet to cover all specific needs in the current market .
we are located in tobias bolaños int airport , hangar # 94 . upon arriving to our hangar you will be welcomed by our friendly staff . after taking care of your luggage we invite you to join us into the passengers waiting lounge . wi - fi and air conditioned , it allows you to relax listening to our folklore music or watching a movie , while you enjoy a fresh cup of coffee , soda or national beer of your selection , along with some snacks . don’t eat too much , remember there’s more waiting for you on the plane ! ! !
flying with highly qualified pilots , along with modern aircrafts offering executive interiors ( leather seats ) , state of the art navigation technology and on - board complementary service for your best comfort and pleasure . allow us to take you to your next business or pleasure destination , in a fast , safe and comfortable way .
tobias bolaños int . airport , pavas san jose , costa rica . hangar # 39
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flies to guanaja and several destinations in the moskitia , including puerto lempira , palacios and brus laguna .
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description de l ' egypte , ou , recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont & # 233 ; t & # 233 ; faites en egypte pendant l ' exp & # 233 ; dition de l ' arm & # 233 ; e fran & # 231 ; aise . planches : etat moderne .
aerocesar ( aerovias del cesar , s . a . ) : colombia ( 19681985 ) . dr . alfonso sanchez lopez founds the air taxi tac ( trans - portes aereos del cesar , s . a . ) at valledupar , in el cesar province , in 1968 to provide nonscheduled passenger and cargo flights to small surrounding towns .
in 1970 , the company purchases a fokker f - 27a license built in maryland by fairchild , from aloha airlines and also inaugurates scheduled service from valledupar to bogota .
operations continue apace in 1971 . flight 772 , the f - 27a with 4 crew and 15 passengers , disappears on february 5 , 1972 while on a service from bogota to valledupar . the wreckage is found three days later and there are no survivors .
douglas dc - 3s take over the service in 1973 - 1974 . during the latter year , 3 more f - 27as join the fleet .
following reorganization in 1975 , the major stockholders are lopez , gustavo de greiff , orlando cote , and alvaro araujo . the carrier’s name is changed and new livery is adopted . in addition , two vickers viscount 837s , purchased from austrian airlines , a . g . , are placed in service as scheduled flights are inaugurated to barranquilla and medellin .
having come on the market , 3 sud - est caravelle virs previously operated by aviacion y comercio , s . a . ( aviaco ) are ordered , the first of which arrives in october 1976 . by 1977 - 1979 , airline employment totals 144 and the fleet includes 3 caravelles , 2 viscounts , and 3 f - 27as . a stop at maicao has also been added to the route network .
just after takeoff from riohacha , guajira , on december 21 , 1980 , on the continuation of a service from rio hacha to medellin , a caravelle vir , with 7 crew and 63 passengers , crashes 25 km . s of its point of origin ; there are no survivors . the crash investigation will reveal the explosion of a substance , believed to be nitroglycerine , in the plane’s rear lavatory and the loss of hydraulic control . no person or group is ever charged with a crime .
in 1981 - 1982 , the route network is increased by the addition of services to armenia , cali , cucuta , el banco , and villavicencio . simultaneously , increased fuel prices and the world economic recession conspire , along with heavy domestic competition , to lower traffic and bring financial loss . flight operations are suspended in the spring of 1983 .
the carrier is reorganized in 1984 . the fleet is altered to comprise only 3 fokker f - 27as and services are restarted ; however , the comeback is unsuccessful and the airline declares final bankruptcy in 1985 .
in 2016 , it transported over 16 million passengers to 14 regional , 22 north - american , 15 south american and 6 european destinations . as of january 2016 , the airline employed 19 , 520 people .
san pedro • ponce • charlotte amalie • the valley • santa martin • basseterre • santa john • punta pitre • dominica • fuerte - de - españa • santa lucia • bridgetown • santa george • kingstown • panamá • san josé • managua • tegucigalpa • guatemala • mexico city • punta cana • puerto plata • santo domingo • portau - au - prince • kingston • havana • nassau • miami • orlando • atlanta • dallas • los angeles • san francisco • chicago • new york • toronto • washington d . c
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official cancun airport - top airport in latin america & the caribbean a new record - 23 + million passengers in 2017 .
blvd . kukulkan km 7 . 2 poktapok green 16 suite 405 cancun , q . roo . 77500
cancun international airport carretera cancun - chetumal km 22 , cancun , q . roo , mexico .
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aero caribe de honduras ave . san isidro entre 13 y 14 calle frente a tecnocomp honduras
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rojo , i heard the same thing about f100s . i heard that they were going to get mexicana ' s f100s starting this summer . it makes sense , however , that they ' d rather stay with the dc - 9s . pilottim747
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an aged four - engine cargo plane crashed onto a crowded highway during evening rush hour thursday , rammed a busy restaurant and a nearby house , exploded and caught fire . at least 39 people were killed and dozens more were injured , police said . a spokesman at benito juarez international airport said the boeing 377 propeller - driven aircraft , carrying eight people and 18 horses , took off in a heavy rainstorm about 5 p . m .
federal investigators and airline officials gathered saturday at the site of a plane crash at reynosa , near the u . s . border , to determine what caused the dc - 9 jetliner to skid out of control , slamming into houses and killing a mother and her three children . they conducted interviews , examined the plane and studied weather conditions to establish why the aircraft , carrying 83 passengers and five crew members , was unable to stop friday at reynosa airport , across from mcallen , texas .
a plane carrying american tourists lost power in one engine and crash - landed in the dense tropical jungle of the yucatan peninsula , killing six people and injuring 10 , officials said saturday . the aerocozumel flight carrying 18 people was returning to the resort island of cozumel after taking the tourists to view ancient indian ruins at chichen itza , 115 miles west of cozumel . it crashed friday afternoon about two miles outside the playa del carmen airport , about 125 miles northeast of the pre - columbian ruins at chichen itza , the airline said .
an aeromexico plane carrying 83 passengers ran off a runway in northern mexico on friday , smashed into a group of homes and then skidded into a canal , killing at least six people on the ground , a red cross official said . at least 40 of the passengers suffered scrapes and bruises on the flight from mexico city to reynosa , just across the border from mcallen , texas , dr . rito zambrano of the red cross said . the flight had been scheduled to continue to the border city of matamoros .
rescuers climbed to the wreckage of a mexican commuter plane and found no survivors among the 21 people aboard when it slammed into the sierra madre mountains , about 210 miles southwest of mexico city , a military official said . bad weather delayed efforts to reach the wreckage of the twin - engine plane , which crashed during a 100 - mile flight from uruapan to the pacific port of lazaro cardenas . most of the 18 passengers and three crew members were from uruapan , authorities said .
the survivors of 69 of the passengers aboard a mexicana jetliner that crashed into a mountain west of mexico city last march have filed suit against the airline , claiming the crash was the result of negligence . in addition to mexicana , the los angeles superior court complaint also cites boeing co . , which manufactured the 727 - 200 airliner ; b . f . goodrich co .
a plane carrying a group of miners crashed while trying to land in rugged mountains of northwestern mexico , killing 16 people and seriously injuring three others , authorities said . the plane was flying from durango , the capital of durango state , when it crashed near a remote airstrip in santa maria de otaes , about 570 miles northwest of mexico city , a state government spokesman said .
mexico ' s presidential jet , with president miguel de la madrid and seven cabinet members aboard , nearly crashed on saturday after taking off from the hurricane - ravaged island of cozumel , a government spokesman said . the spokesman , who was aboard the boeing 727 , said the craft was suddenly shaken and began descending sharply from an altitude of about 2 , 000 feet shortly after takeoff . the pilot managed to level off at between 800 and 1 , 000 feet , he said .
the government said it is suspending operations of financially strapped airline taesa in the wake of a crash two weeks ago that killed all 18 people on board . transportation officials said investigators found a
series of anomalies and incidents
at the airline after the crash in michoacan state and decided to temporarily suspend its operations while they look into airline policies , maintenance , training and other areas .
a mexican airline passenger jet exploded shortly after takeoff in south - central mexico , killing all 18 people on board , local government officials and media reports said . the accident occurred at 7 p . m . near uruapan , about 180 miles west of mexico city . the dc - 9 belonged to taesa , a commercial carrier . the notimex news agency said flight 725 had flown from tijuana to guadalajara and uruapan and was headed to mexico city .
a turboprop plane with 16 german tourists and two crew members crashed wednesday in the yucatan peninsula , killing one passenger . others aboard - - including the pilot and co - pilot - - were injured , according to amilcar galaviz , the red cross operations director in cancun .
a small plane carrying mexican government officials crashed in the fog south of the coastal city of ensenada in baja california on tuesday afternoon , killing all nine people aboard , police said . among those believed dead were leobardo roa helmecke , formerly the state president of the ruling institutional revolutionary party ( pri ) in baja california , according to ensenada municipal police .
mexican police shot down a plane carrying more than half a ton of cocaine , killing two suspected drug traffickers and arresting two others , a spokeswoman for the attorney general ' s office said wednesday . she said the twin - engine turbo commander aircraft was downed by police sunday as it attempted to take off from a clandestine airstrip in northern sonora state , near the u . s . border . the plane ' s cargo included a 1 , 500 - pound shipment of cocaine bound for the united states , the spokeswoman said .
a plane is buried in baja - - and drug ties unearthed : narcotics : landing - - and secret dismantling - - points to failure in u . s . - mexican efforts to control such flights .
few local peasants gave it a second thought when they spotted the 80 - seat passenger jet emerge in the midnight sky over mexico ' s pacific coast on nov . 4 and then land on a dry lake bed near the southern tip of baja california . it wasn ' t the first time , said the residents , who have assumed for months that mexico ' s drug cartels were using the 12 - mile - long lake bed as a landing strip - - one of dozens that u . s . and mexican drug enforcement agents say are scattered across the countryside .
using a crucifix as a splint , hair bands as tourniquets and shredded t - shirts as bandages , a group of usc nursing students and a lancaster eye doctor saved the lives of four colleagues whose plane had crashed on a medical mission in mexico . the crash occurred last weekend when one of four single - engine planes piloted by the flying doctors of mercy struck electrical lines and smashed into rugged terrain in the northwestern state of sinaloa .
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this article is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft and is grouped by the years in which the accidents and incidents occurred .
july 21 - the goodyear dirigible wingfoot air express catches fire and crashes into the illinois trust and savings building in chicago , illinois , while carrying passengers to a local amusement park , killing thirteen people : three out of the five on board and ten others on the ground , with 27 others on the ground being injured .
august 2 - a caproni ca . 48 crashes at verona , italy , during a flight from venice to taliedo , milan , killing all on board ( 14 , 15 , or 17 people , according to different sources ) .
december 14 - a handley page transport handley page o / 400 hits a tree and crashes at golders green , london , after failing to gain height following takeoff , killing four out of eight on board .
april 7 - in the first mid - air collision of airliners , a de havilland dh . 18a , g - eawo , operated by daimler hire ltd . , collides with a farman f . 60 goliath , f - gead , operated by compagnie des grands express aériens ( cgea ) , over the thieulloy - st . antoine road near picardie , france , killing all seven people on both aircraft .
may 14 - an air union farman f . 60 goliath crashes near monsures , somme , france , due to the structural failure of a wing , killing all six on board .
august 27 - an air union farman f . 60 goliath crashes near east malling , kent , england , due to engine failure , and confusion among the passengers , killing one of 13 on board .
september 14 - a daimler airway de havilland dh . 34 crashes at ivinghoe , buckinghamshire , england , after stalling while attempting an emergency landing , killing all five on board .
december 24 - an imperial airways de havilland dh . 34 crashes near purley , surrey , england , due to a stall during an attempted emergency landing in response to an unknown mechanical defect , killing all eight on board .
august 18 - an air union blériot 155 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at college farm , hurst , aldington , england , due to engine failure , killing three of 15 on board ; the pilot initially survives , but dies a day later .
october 2 - an air union blériot 155 catches fire in mid - air and crashes at leigh , kent , england , while the pilot attempts to make an emergency landing at penshurst airfield . both members of crew and all five passengers are killed . this is the first in - flight fire occurring on an airliner .
august 22 - a klm fokker f . viii crashes near sevenoaks , kent , england , due to structural failure of the tailfin , killing one of 11 on board .
july 13 - an imperial airways vickers vulcan crashes on a test flight from croydon airport , england , with a pilot and five passengers near purley , surrey , 3 miles ( 4 . 8 km ) from the airport , with the loss of four passengers . as a result of the crash imperial airways stopped the flying of staff ( so - called joy rides ) on test flights .
june 17 - an imperial airways handley page w . 10 ditches in the english channel due to engine failure , killing seven of 13 on board .
september 6 - an imperial airways de havilland hercules crashes whilst landing at jask airport , iran . three of the five occupants are killed .
november 6 - a junkers g 24 crashes near marden park , godstone , surrey , england ; of the 8 on board ; only one passenger survives .
february 10 - an air union farman f . 63 goliath crashes during an emergency landing at marden airfield , marden , kent , england , following failure of the right tailplane , killing two of six on board .
october 5 - on its maiden voyage from england to british india , the british civil airship r101 crashes and burns in allonne , oise , france , while flying at low altitude at night in a rainstorm , killing 48 out of 54 on board , the worst civil airship disaster in history .
march 21 - an australian national airways avro 618 ten , southern cloud , disappears in severe weather on a flight from sydney to melbourne , killing all eight on board in australia ' s first significant airline disaster ; the crash site in the snowy mountains remains undiscovered until 1958 .
march 31 - a transcontinental & western air fokker f - 10 trimotor crashes near bazaar , kansas , after a wing breaks off in flight , killing all eight aboard , including university of notre dame football coach knute rockne .
march 28 - the 1933 imperial airways dixmude crash in belgium of an armstrong whitworth argosy ii is the first suspected case of air sabotage ; all 15 on board are killed .
october 10 - the united airlines crash near chesterton : a boeing 247 is destroyed by a bomb over chesterton , indiana , united states , in the first proven case of air sabotage on a commercial aircraft ; all seven on board are killed .
december 30 - in the 1933 imperial airways ruysselede crash in belgium , an avro ten collides with a radio mast , killing all 10 on board .
february 23 - a united air lines boeing 247 crashes into a utah canyon in bad weather , killing all eight on board .
may 9 - an air france wibault 282t crashes into the english channel off dungeness , kent , killing all six on board .
july 27 - a swissair curtiss t - 32 condor ii crashes near tuttlingen , germany , after a wing separates in a thunderstorm , killing all 12 passengers and crew on board .
october 2 - a hillman ' s airways de havilland dragon rapide crashes into the english channel off folkestone , kent , due to pilot error , killing all seven on board .
may 6 - twa flight 6 , a douglas dc - 2 flying from albuquerque , new mexico , to kansas city , missouri , flying at low altitude through poor visibility at night while desperately low on fuel , crashes near atlanta , missouri , killing five out of thirteen on board , including a u . s . senator . the political aftermath transforms u . s . civil air regulation .
october 7 - united airlines trip 4 , a boeing 247d , crashes near silver crown , wyoming , united states , due to pilot error ; all 12 on board die .
december 10 - a sabena savoia - marchetti s . 73 crashes near tatsfield , surrey , england , due to pilot error , killing all 11 on board .
january 14 - american airlines flight 1 , a douglas dc - 2 , crashes into a swamp near goodwin , arkansas , killing all 17 passengers and crew on board ; the cause is never determined .
april 7 - twa flight 1 , a douglas dc - 2 , crashes near uniontown , pennsylvania , united states , due to pilot error , killing 12 of the 14 passengers and crew aboard .
june 16 - in the havørn accident , a norwegian air lines junkers ju 52 crashes into lihesten mountain in hyllestad , norway , killing all seven on board .
august 5 - chicago and southern flight 4 , a lockheed model 10 electra , crashes after takeoff due to pilot error , killing all eight on board .
december 9 - a klm douglas dc - 2 crashes on takeoff from croydon airport , england ; 15 of 17 on board die .
december 27 - united airlines trip 34 , a boeing 247 , crashes at rice canyon ( near newhall , california , united states ) due to pilot error , killing all 12 on board .
january 12 - western air express flight 7 , a boeing 247 , crashes into a mountain near newhall , california , united states . five of the 13 people aboard die , including famed adventurer , author and filmmaker , martin johnson .
february 19 - an australian national airways stinson model a suffers controlled flight into terrain in queensland , killing four of the seven people on board .
march 25 - twa flight 15a , a douglas dc - 2 crashes in clifton , pennsylvania due to ice accumulation . all 13 passengers and crew are killed .
may 6 - the zeppelin hindenburg bursts into flames and crashes while attempting a landing at naval air engineering station , lakehurst , new jersey , united states ; of the 97 people on board , 35 are killed ; one person on the ground also dies .
november 16 - a sabena junkers ju 52 crashes near ostend , belgium , killing all 11 on board , including the grand duke georg donatus and grand duchess cecilie of hesse .
january 10 - northwest airlines flight 2 , a lockheed l14h super electra , crashes near bozeman , montana , united states , killing all 10 on board ; the machine with which the manufacturer measured component vibration is found to be inaccurate , causing the aircraft to be more prone to flutter than thought .
january 11 - pan american world airways flight 1 , a sikorsky s - 42 flying boat named the samoan clipper , explodes over pago pago , american samoa ; all seven on board die .
march 1 - the 1938 yosemite twa crash : a douglas dc - 2 disappears on a flight from san francisco to winslow , arizona , united states ; the aircraft is found three months later on a mountain in yosemite national park ; all nine on board die .
july 28 - pan american world airways flight 229 , a martin m - 130 flying boat named the hawaii clipper , disappears in the pacific ocean westbound from guam to manila with six passengers and nine crew .
october 25 - kyeema , an australian national airways douglas dc - 2 crashes in heavy fog into mount dandenong in victoria , australia , killing all 18 people on board .
november 4 - in the 1938 jersey airport disaster , a jersey airways de havilland dh . 86 crashes on takeoff from jersey airport due to pilot error ; all 13 passengers and crew die as well as one person on the ground .
january 13 - northwest airlines flight 1 , a lockheed l14h super electra , crashes on descent to miles city , montana , united states , killing all four on board ; the aircraft ' s cross - feed fuel valve leaked fuel into the cockpit and an intense fire broke out .
january 21 - imperial airways short empire flying boat cavalier makes an emergency landing 285 mi southeast of new york in the north atlantic due to loss of power and later sinks ; three of 12 on board die .
august 13 - a pan am sikorsky s - 43 crashes into guanabara bay , brazil , due to loss of control following engine failure , killing 12 of 14 on board .
june 14 - in the kaleva shootdown , an aero junkers ju 52 en route from tallinn , estonia to helsinki , finland , is shot down by two soviet bombers over the gulf of finland during peacetime ; all nine aboard die .
august 31 - in the lovettsville air disaster , pennsylvania central airlines trip 19 , a douglas dc - 3a , crashes at lovettsville , virginia , united states , killing all 25 on board .
november 8 - a deutsche luft hansa junkers ju 90 crashes near schönteichen , saxony , germany , after ice formed on the tail , killing all 29 passengers and crew on board .
february 26 - eastern air lines flight 21 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashes while descending to land at atlanta , georgia , united states , killing eight of 16 aboard ; world war i hero and eastern air lines president eddie rickenbacker is among the survivors .
october 30 - american airlines flight 1 a douglas dc - 3 , stalled and crashed at lawrence station , ontario , canada while attempting to find a place to land , killing all 20 on board ; the cause of the crash was not determined .
october 30 - northwest airlines trip 5 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashed at moorhead , minnesota in fog due to icing ; of the 15 on board , only the pilot survived .
january 16 - twa flight 3 , a douglas dc - 3 returning to california crashes into potosi mountain 30 miles ( 48 km ) southwest of las vegas , nevada , united states ; all 22 aboard die , including actress carole lombard and her mother .
january 30 - qantas short empire g - aeuh is shot down by seven japanese fighters and crashes 13 nmi ( 24 km ) from east timor ; 13 of 18 on board die .
march 3 - knilm douglas dc - 3 pk - afv is shot down by three japanese fighters and crashes 50 mi ( 80 km ) north of broome , western australia , killing four of 12 on board .
october 23 - american airlines flight 28 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashes near palm springs , california , united states , after being struck by a u . s . army air corps lockheed b - 34 bomber ; all 12 aboard the airliner die , while the bomber lands safely with minor damage .
january 21 - pan am flight 1104 , a martin m - 130 nicknamed the philippine clipper , crashes into a mountain near boonville , california , united states , killing all 19 passengers and crew , including rear admiral robert h . english , commander , submarines , u . s . pacific fleet ( comsubpac ) .
june 1 - boac flight 777 , a douglas dc - 3 , is shot down by luftwaffe fighter aircraft over the bay of biscay , killing 17 passengers and crew on board .
july 28 - american airlines flight 63 ( flagship ohio ) , a douglas dc - 3 , loses control due to severe turbulence and violent downdrafts and crashes near trammel , kentucky , united states , killing 20 out of 22 people on board .
october 15 - american airlines flight 63 ( flagship missouri ) , a dc - 3 , crashes near centerville , tennessee , united states , killing all eight passengers and three crewmembers , after ice formed on its wings and propellers .
february 10 - american airlines flight 2 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashes into the mississippi river between arkansas and tennessee , united states , for reasons unknown , killing all 24 occupants ( 21 passengers and three crew members ) .
june 20 - twa flight 277 , a douglas c - 54 skymaster , crashes into fort mountain , maine , united states , in severe weather , killing all seven passengers and crew on board .
january 8 - the china clipper , a pan am martin m - 130 flying boat operating as flight 161 , crashes in port of spain , trinidad , killing all 25 on board .
january 31 - the stinson tokana operated by australian national airways crashes , killing all 10 on board . the accident was caused by a fatigue crack in a wing spar .
july 12 - eastern air lines flight 45 , a douglas dc - 3a , collides with a douglas a - 26 invader over florence , south carolina , united states . one of the 24 on the dc - 3 and one of the two on the a - 26 die .
october 5 - national airlines flight 16 , a lockheed l - 18 lodestar , overshoots the runway at lakeland , florida , united states , killing two of 15 on board .
november 3 - the prototype boeing 314 , named the honolulu clipper , makes an emergency landing in the pacific 650 miles east of oahu due to double engine failure ; the aircraft is intentionally sunk after salvage was deemed impractical ; all 26 passengers on board survive .
january 6 - pennsylvania central airlines flight 105 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashes in birmingham , alabama , united states , killing three of the four crew members ; the flight attendant and all 16 passengers survive .
march 10 - the 1946 australian national airways dc - 3 crash near hobart , tasmania , kills all 25 on board .
july 11 - twa flight 513 , a lockheed l - 049 constellation , crashes near reading , pennsylvania , united states , after a fire in the baggage compartment ; of the six crew on board , only one survives .
august 7 - british european airways flight 530 , a douglas c - 47 , crashes into mistberget mountain near eidsvoll , norway ; killing three of five crew ; all 10 passengers survived .
october 3 - an american overseas airlines douglas c - 54 crashes into mountainous terrain after takeoff from stephenville , newfoundland , killing all 39 passengers and crew on board .
november 14 - in the 1946 klm douglas dc - 3 amsterdam accident , a douglas dc - 3 crashes while attempting to land at amsterdam schiphol airport in the netherlands ; all 26 passengers and crew on board are killed .
december 19 - in the 1946 railway air services dakota crash , a douglas dc - 3 crashes shortly after taking off from northolt airport , england and comes to rest on top of a house . all 5 occupants survive the crash without injury .
december 28 - twa flight 6963 , a lockheed l - 049 constellation , crashes near shannon airport due to an inaccurate altimeter caused by maintenance errors , killing nine of 23 on board .
january 11 - the 1947 boac douglas c - 47 crash : a boac douglas c - 47a crashes into barley hill near stowting , kent , united kingdom , due to fuel starvation , killing eight of 16 on board .
january 12 - eastern air lines flight 665 douglas c - 49 flies into high ground near galax , virginia , when the pilot loses his bearings , killing all but one of 19 aboard .
january 25 - in the 1947 croydon dakota accident , a spencer airways douglas c - 47a fails to get airborne at croydon airport , united kingdom , and crashes into a parked ? sa aircraft ; 12 of the 22 on board are killed .
january 26 - in the 1947 klm douglas dc - 3 copenhagen accident , a douglas dc - 3 crashes shortly after takeoff from kastrup airport in denmark ; all 22 passengers and crew on board are killed .
february 15 - an avianca douglas dc - 4 crashes into mount el tabalazo due to pilot error , killing all 53 passengers and crew on board .
may 29 - united airlines flight 521 , a douglas dc - 4 , crashes on takeoff from laguardia airport , new york , united states , due to pilot error ; 42 of 48 on board die .
may 30 - eastern air lines flight 605 , a douglas dc - 4 , loses control and crashes near bainbridge , maryland , united states , killing all 53 passengers and crew on board in the deadliest airliner crash in united states history at the time .
june 13 - pennsylvania central airlines flight 410 , a douglas dc - 4 , crashes into lookout rock , in the west virginia blue ridge mountains of the united states en route from pittsburgh to washington dc ; all 50 passengers and crew are killed .
june 19 - pan am flight 121 , a lockheed l - 049 constellation , crashes in the syrian desert , en route from karachi to istanbul , killing 14 of the 36 on board .
august 2 - in the 1947 bsaa star dust accident , a british south american airways avro lancastrian named star dust disappears over the andes after transmitting an enigmatic coded message (
stendec
) ; the fate of the plane remained a mystery until the crash site was located in 2000 ; four crew and nine passengers are killed .
august 28 - in the kvitbjørn disaster , a norwegian air lines short sandringham flying boat struck a mountain near lødingsfjellet , norway , killing all 35 on board .
october 24 - united airlines flight 608 , a douglas dc - 6 , crashes near bryce canyon airport , utah , united states , when fire caused by a design flaw destroys the aircraft ; all 52 on board die in the first hull loss of the dc - 6 .
october 26 - pan am flight 923 , a douglas dc - 4 , struck tamgas mountain on annette island , alaska , killing all 18 passengers and crew on board ; the cause is never determined .
december 27 - in the 1947 korangi creek crash , an air india douglas dc - 3 crashes shortly after takeoff , killing all 23 on board .
january 28 - in the 1948 los gatos dc - 3 crash , an airline transport carriers douglas dc - 3 crashes in the diablo range , california after an engine fire . all 32 passengers and crew are killed .
january 30 - the bsaa star tiger disappearance : an avro tudor iv disappears without a trace en route from the azores to bermuda with 31 on board . the loss of the aircraft along with the 1949 bsaa star ariel disappearance remain unsolved to this day , with the resulting speculation helping to develop the bermuda triangle legend .
march 12 - northwest airlines flight 4422 , a douglas c - 54 skymaster , crashes into mount sanford in the alaska territory , killing 30 . though the wreckage was initially found , it was inaccessible ; it was later buried and not rediscovered until 1999 .
april 5 - in the 1948 gatow air disaster , a british european airways vickers vc . 1 viking crashes near raf gatow , berlin after a collision with a soviet air force yakovlev yak - 3 fighter ; all 14 people on board the viking die , as well as the soviet pilot .
april 15 - pan am flight 1 - 10 , a lockheed constellation , crashes while on approach to shannon airport , ireland ; of the 31 on board , only one survives .
april 21 - british european airways flight s200p , a vickers vc . 1 viking , crashes into irish law mountain in scotland due to pilot error ; all on board survive .
june 17 - united airlines flight 624 , a douglas dc - 6 , crashes near mount carmel , pennsylvania , after errors in attempting to extinguish what was believed to have been an onboard fire ; all 43 on board die .
july 4 - the northwood mid - air collision between a scandinavian airlines system - operated douglas dc - 6 and an raf avro york kills all 39 passengers and crew on board both aircraft .
july 17 - miss macao , a catalina seaplane operated by a cathay pacific subsidiary , over the pearl river delta from macau to hong kong , is hijacked with 23 passengers and three crew on board by a group attempting to rob the passengers ; following a struggle in the cockpit , a crash kills all on board except one passenger , later identified as the lead hijacker ; this is the earliest known airliner hijacking .
august 1 - in the 1948 air france latécoère 631 disappearance , a latécoère 631 disappears over the atlantic ocean with the loss of all 52 people on board . this was the worst aviation accident in the atlantic ocean at the time and remains the worst ever involving the latécoère 631 .
august 29 - northwest airlines flight 421 , a martin 2 - 0 - 2 , crashes near winona , minnesota , due to structural failure of a wing , killing all 37 on board in the worst ever accident involving the martin 2 - 0 - 2 . this crash is also the first loss of a 2 - 0 - 2 .
september 2 - the 1948 lutana crash ; australian national airways flight 331 , a douglas dc - 3 , crashes into high terrain near nundle , new south wales , killing all 13 people on board .
october 2 - in the bukken bruse disaster , a det norske luftfartsselskap short sandringham flying boat , crashes upon landing in trondheim , norway ; 19 are killed ; bertrand russell is among the 24 survivors .


halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms ( fluorine , chlorine , bromine or iodine – group 17 ) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds , organochlorine compounds , organobromine compounds , and organoiodine compounds .

chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides .

many synthetic organic compounds such as plastic polymers , and a few natural ones , contain halogen atoms ; they are known as halogenated compounds or organohalogens .

organochlorides are the most common industrially used organohalides , although the other organohalides are used commonly in organic synthesis .

except for extremely rare cases , organohalides are not produced biologically , but many pharmaceuticals are organohalides .

notably , many pharmaceuticals such as prozac have trifluoromethyl groups .

for information on inorganic halide chemistry , see halide .

halocarbon

© copyright 2018 halocarbon products corporation . halocarbon© , the halocarbon logo , and the let’s create your next breakthrough™ tagline are registered trademarks of halocarbon products corporation . all rights reserved .
halocarbon 1 . 8 oil is one of the lower viscosity inert oils that is manufactured by halocarbon products . some of the uses of halocarbon 1 . 8 oil are as a metal working and wire drawing fluid .
the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 prohibits any release of a halocarbon into the environment . however , if a release occurs , it must be reported . there are three possible scenarios in which the release of a halocarbon needs to be reported :
learn more about what drives halocarbon scientists and engineers to create new breakthroughs in fluorochemistry .
buy halocarbon – c318 ( octafluorocyclobutane ) gas cylinders & tanks | praxair , inc .
glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at halocarbon products , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the halocarbon products company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at halocarbon products .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , halocarbons can only be stored , transported or purchased in containers that are designed and manufactured to be refilled and to contain that specific type of halocarbon .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , chillers that contain a halocarbon listed in items 1 to 9 of schedule 1 ( including cfcs ) may only be operated until december 31 , 2014 .
halocarbon 0 . 8 oil is the lowest viscosity inert oil that is manufactured by halocarbon products . halocarbon 0 . 8 oil is used mostly as an inert low temperature bath fluid . this oil has a very low pour point and is not miscible with water . halocarbon 0 . 8 oil can be used as an inert process solvent in certain applications and has very good hydrocarbon oil solvency .
as a privately - owned company , halocarbon provides agility and flexibility not found in larger chemical companies .
for over 65 years , halocarbon has been one of the world’s leading producers of high - quality fluorochemicals .
due to increase in the cost of raw materials , labor , and logistics , halocarbon products corporation ( halocarbon ) will be increasing the price of its fluoroproducts by 8 % effective june 1 , 2018 . . .
halocarbon oil ( voltalef 10s ) or schneider’s + 5 ug / ml insulin and 2 . 5 % fbs
the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 define a halocarbon as any substance listed in schedule 1 of the regulations ( listed below ) , whether existing alone or in a mixture , and includes isomers of any such substance .
review of thermal decomposition product testing of halocarbon fire suppression agents . . peatross , m . j . ; 1998
halocarbon engineered fluids are specifically designed to deliver the benefits of fluorochemistry to a broad range of technically challenging applications .
about halocarbon for more than 60 years , halocarbon has been known as the premier manufacturer of innovative , fluorinated intermediates . with new headquarters in atlanta , georgia , and a state - of - the - art manufacturing plant in north augusta , south carolina , halocarbon is one of the world’s leading producers of specialty fluorochemicals . halocarbon’s products include inert lubricants , aliphatic fluorochemicals for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical manufacturing , inhalation anesthetics and other specialty products . for more information , please contact the company at 1 ( 470 ) 419 - 6364 or at www . halocarbon . com .
halocarbon is a leader in high - purity fluorochemistry for use in pharmaceutical , biotechnology , personal care , and agricultural applications .
halocarbon partners with clients to create product breakthroughs that improve day - to - day lives by unlocking the benefits of fluorochemistry .
we offer halocarbon – c318 ( octafluorocyclobutane ) in a variety of purities and concentrations . see the chart below and download the spec sheets and safety data sheets for more information on buying halocarbon – c318 ( octafluorocyclobutane ) tanks and cylinders from praxair .
the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 apply to all systems regardless of refrigeration capacity . however , small systems are exempt from the requirement to leak test at least once every 12 months , as well as the prohibition to charge a system with a halocarbon .
halocarbon has been working with fluorocarbon - based chemistry since the 1950s , making us one of the world’s foremost experts in the field .
our leadership team is led by our ceo , david bacon . learn more about him and the other leaders that make halocarbon so great .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , owners of refrigeration , air - conditioning and fire - extinguishing systems must conduct a leak test at least once every 12 months of all of the components that come into contact with a halocarbon . the only exemptions from this annual requirement are :
‘selecting either a halocarbon or inert gas , two types of clean agents , depends upon available space for suppression system tanks and venting capabilities . ’
review of thermal decomposition product formation from halocarbon fire suppression agents : suppression of class a fires . . robin , m . l . ; 1999
. , voltalef 10s ) can act as a culturing medium . as long as the tissue of interest is not directly exposed to halocarbon oil (
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , a chiller that has undergone an overhaul may only be charged with hcfc s , hfcs or pfcs .
halocarbon performance fluids deliver the power of fluorochemistry to unique and technically demanding applications . properties such as hydrocarbon solubility , low pour point , low viscosity , and low compressibility set halocarbon fluids apart from other fluorinated fluids allowing their use in applications like spectroscopy , thermal management , metal - working and critical cleaning .
the term “halocarbon” includes most ozone - depleting substances , as well as their halogenated replacements , many of which are greenhouse gases , currently used in canada .
in the words of our ceo , david bacon , “welcome to the new halocarbon , where we aspire to be a great company and do great things . ”
our commercial team does everything in their power to make ordering from halocarbon an easy and great experience . any member of this team can answer your fluorochemical questions .
halocarbon fluorinated lubricants are nonflammable and chemically inert fluoropolymers engineered to provide excellent lubricity while delivering the safety , reliability , and superior performance required in a broad range of technically advanced applications . halocarbon’s broad range of oils , greases , and waxes can be tuned for your challenging application whether in aerospace or a common petrochemical plant .
all underwriters’ laboratories of canada ( ulc ) publications and standards , including those mentioned in the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 can be purchased from the ulc website .
if , as an owner , you believe that no technically and financially feasible alternative to a prohibited halocarbon exists that could have a less harmful impact on the environment and on health , you may apply for a permit to install a fire - extinguishing or solvent system that operates or is intended to operate with the prohibited halocarbon . you may also apply for a permit to charge a fixed or portable fire - extinguishing system that operates or is intended to operate with a prohibited halocarbon .
“the relocation makes access to our company’s manufacturing site in north augusta , south carolina , much faster and easier while allowing halocarbon to tap into a large pool of innovative , collaborative , and tech - savvy talent , ” said david bacon , ceo of halocarbon . “the look and feel of our new headquarters reflects the evolving personality of our company : progressive , forward - looking and highly accessible . we are very excited to begin the next phase of halocarbon’s growth here in atlanta . ”
since our company’s origins in the 1950s , halocarbon engineered fluids have been integral to a long line of innovative breakthroughs . from inert lubricants for use in u . s . military applications to gyroscopic fluids used for navigation systems , halocarbon scientists and engineers have developed fluorocarbon - based solutions for cutting - edge applications that continue to evolve over time . today , halocarbon continues to be a leading producer of fluorinated materials that enhance product safety , increase efficiency , extend product life , and improve product efficacy .
learn more about how halocarbon is leveraging the principles of structure - activity relationships ( sar ) to address key challenges in the chemistry of high - voltage lithium ion batteries .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , no person may charge a fire - extinguishing system with any halocarbon unless the system has been tested for leaks and , if a leak is detected , the leak is repaired . the only exception is to this prohibition is if the charge is required to prevent an immediate danger to human life or health .
stay up - to - date on the latest halocarbon news by following our press releases . here is where we will update our customers on our latest innovations and internal changes .
marine applications of clean agents : halocarbon agents for the protection of pleasure craft engine compartments . . robin , m . l . ; rowland , t . f . ; 2003
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , no person may charge a refrigeration or air - conditioning system with any halocarbon , unless the system has been tested for leaks and , if a leak is detected , the leak is repaired . the only exception to this prohibition is if the charge is required to prevent an immediate danger to human life or health .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 ( fhr 2003 ) , a certificate is proof of the successful completion of an environmental awareness course in recycling , recovery and handling procedures in respect of halocarbon refrigerants as outlined in the refrigerant code of practice . this is not the same as a trade certification / qualification , nor is it intended to imply any trade qualification .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , only a certified person may perform maintenance , leak testing or any other work on a refrigeration or air - conditioning system that may result in the release of a halocarbon . in addition , all work must be done in accordance with the environmental code of practice for elimination of fluorocarbon emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning systems .
at praxair , we develop the right grades for the right applications . give us a call and we’ll help you get the most out of your halocarbon – c318 ( octafluorocyclobutane ) gas .
releases of more than 10 kg but less than 100 kg of a halocarbon from a system or from a container or equipment used in the reuse , recycling , reclamation or storage of a halocarbon . in this case the owner must submit a written or electronic report that contains the information set out in schedule 2 of regulations twice annually , by january 31 and july 31 .
at halocarbon , we strive to build lasting partnerships and leverage our expertise in fluorochemistry to solve the toughest challenges . and , in the end , we answer to our clients… not to wall street .
“halocarbon’s legacy was founded in new jersey more than 60 years ago . it provided the company with a strong foundation to become the successful organization it is today , ” said emily ehrenfeld , president of halocarbon . “as we continue to evolve as a company , with a dynamic ceo and tremendously talented senior team , moving the headquarters to atlanta was a natural extension of our strategic corporate plan . ”
refrigeration , air - conditioning or fire - extinguishing systems must not be charged with a halocarbon listed in items 1 to 9 of schedule 1 of the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 for the purpose of leak testing . the only exception is for refrigeration or air - conditioning systems if the testing is recommended in the environmental code of practice for elimination of fluorocarbon emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning systems .
service logs are written or electronic records in which information must be entered whenever a refrigeration , air - conditioning , fire - extinguishing or solvent system is installed , serviced , leak - tested or charged , or if any other work is done that may result in the release of a halocarbon . the service log must contain the information set out in schedule 2 of the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 .
ceo , david bacon , leads halocarbon with more than 24 years of experience in market analysis and driving innovation . his top priorities will be leading the next phase of the company’s growth and product innovation .
halocarbon 1 . 8 oil is a low molecular weight polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene ( pctfe ) . this inert oil is manufactured by a controlled polymerization process and then is stabilized to give it some very unique properties .
to find out more about the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , visit environment canada’s ozone website , where you will find links , fact sheets , permit application forms and contact information for provincial and territorial offices .
halocarbon 0 . 8 oil is a low molecular weight polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene ( pctfe ) . this inert oil is manufactured by a controlled polymerization process and then is stabilized to give it some very unique properties .
for over 65 years , halocarbon has been one of the world’s leading producers of high - quality fluorochemicals . learn more about how we’re building upon our rich history and writing the next chapter in our company’s story .
consideration of liquid to gas phenomena for a sustainable , high - boiling , tropodegradeable halocarbon . . rivers , p . e . ; schmeer , j . s . ; owens , j . g . ; 2003
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , all work on a fire - extinguishing system that may result in the release of a halocarbon must be done in accordance with the publication ulc / ord - c1058 . 18 - 2004 , of the underwriters’ laboratories of canada , entitled the servicing of halon and clean agent extinguishing systems . unlike refrigeration and air - conditioning systems , technicians working on fire - extinguishing systems do not need to be certified .
unlike large , public chemical companies , halocarbon does not seek massive volume or revenue targets from our clients before we begin . we approach each client with an “entrepreneurial curiosity” to create new and improved products that truly improve their bottom line .
releases of 100 kg or more of a halocarbon from a system , or from a container or equipment used in the reuse , recycling , reclamation or storage of a halocarbon . in this case , the release from a refrigeration , air - conditioning , fire - extinguishing or solvent system must be reported within 24 - hours to the minister in a verbal or written report . the report must indicate the name of the owner , the type of halocarbon released and the type of system , container or equipment from which it was released . within 14 - days after the release is detected , the owner must submit to the minister a written or electronic report containing the information set out in schedule 2 of the regulations .
director of strategic marketing , siddhartha shenoy , has the top priorities of designing and implementing the company’s new strategic growth initiatives , and interfacing with both the commercial and technical / r & d ; teams at halocarbon to build the company’s innovation pipeline .
under the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 , a small refrigeration or air - conditioning system means a system that has a refrigeration capacity of less than 19 kw ( approximately 5 . 4 tonnes ) as rated by the manufacturer and generally applies to small domestic appliances .
specialty chemical manufacturers often have a “sales catalog mentality , ” usually offering “off - the - shelf” solutions . at halocarbon , we go beyond these limits — working strategically with our clients to invent new possibilities , and create unique solutions that improve their products… and their bottom line .
atlanta – december 15 , 2015 – halocarbon products corporation , a leading worldwide producer of specialty fluorochemicals , non - flammable oils , greases and waxes , and inhalation anesthetics , today announced that the company will be officially moving its headquarters to atlanta , georgia , effective december 31 , 2015 .
…in the release of volatile halocarbon compounds , such as the refrigerant freon and the solvent carbon tetrachloride , the chlorine content of the upper atmosphere is increasing , and chlorine catalyzes the decomposition of ozone , which shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation that is emitted from the sun . the earth’s ozone shield…
as described above , reduction in emissions of these halocarbon greenhouse gases has largely been due to concern over ozone depletion and compliance with the montreal protocol . the powerful greenhouse gas status of some of these ozone depleting gases simply adds further credence to the global cuts in emissions under the montreal protocol .
a leak is detected from a refrigeration system , an air - conditioning system , or a fire - extinguishing system and it is necessary to charge the system to prevent an immediate danger to human life or health . in this case , the owner must submit a written record to the minister within 7 - days . the report must describe the nature of the immediate danger to human life or health and the circumstances that justify charging the system in order to prevent the danger , the amount of halocarbon charged to the system and the date of the leak or recovery of the remaining halocarbon from the system .
schwandner , f . , gize , a . p . , seward , t . m . , hall , k . , dietrich , v . j . , 2000 ,
natural halocarbon compounds in volcanic gases
, goldschmidt 2000 journal of conference abstracts , vol . 5 , p . 898 .
the fhr 2003 ensures that systems located on federal and aboriginal lands or owned by the federal house comply with the national action plan for the environmental control of ozone - depleting substances ( ods ) and their halocarbon alternatives . combined with provincial regulations , these regulations control the use and handling of halocarbons across canada .
the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 control the use and handling of halocarbons ( including ozone - depleting substances ) in refrigeration , air - conditioning , fire - extinguishing and solvent systems that are located on aboriginal or federal lands , or are owned by federal departments , boards and agencies , crown corporations or federal works and undertakings .
not only do we know fluorochemistry – we understand its potential application to everyday life , and are constantly seeking new ways to make life better with the work that we do . at halocarbon , we partner with our clients to create breakthroughs , such as more efficient pharmaceuticals , more effective crop protection chemicals , and higher performing , safer electronics .
all logs , notices , records and reports required by the federal halocarbon regulations , 2003 must be kept at the premises or site at which the system is located for a period of five years after the date they are prepared or submitted . these records should be easily accessible to the owner and an environment canada enforcement officer in case of inspection .
, in the stratosphere has been another recent example of the contribution of halocarbons to chemical budgets and reactions in the atmosphere . it has been suggested that a combination of increased halocarbon emissions and projected increases of vertical transport into the tropical stratosphere could lead to increased contributions of such compounds to halogen background levels and thus to ozone depletion ( dessens et al .
this as establishes minimum requirements for halocarbon clean agent hand - held fire extinguishers carried on board civil aircraft . the requirements include : design ( cylinder , valve , gauge , mounting equipment ) , performance ( firefighting effectiveness - hidden fire test , discharge test , type , etc . ) , environmental ( ozone depleting / global warming potential , atmospheric life span ) , and occupant safety concerns ( toxicology - seat fire test ) .
a certified person is someone who holds a certificate . the fhr 2003 stipulates that only a certified person may install , service , leak test or charge a refrigeration or air - conditioning system or do any other work on the system that may result in the release of a halocarbon . the certificate must be recognized either by the province or territory in which the work is being done or by three or more provinces or territories .
elements of the typical volcanic plume chemistry such as hcl & hf in the presence of other halocarbons ( such as bromomethane ) and hydrocarbons , will substitute chlorine and fluorine for bromine , favouring a halocarbon light enough to remain long term in the stratosphere , while the heaviest ( eg . bromine ) ion returns to earth in water soluble form without the rest of the halocarbon . the hypothesis that volcanic chlorine & fluorine is removed from the atmosphere by precipitation omits the fact that lighter halogens are favoured by halocarbons while heavier halogens are favoured by water soluble acid formation . this ensures that once the bromine has done its damage , lighter halogens are then combined with non - polar chemicals that are too light to settle out , and neither sufficiently water soluble nor hydrophylic to be removed from the stratosphere by precipitation . furthermore , the surface of the volcanic aerosol not only provides an increased surface area on which ozone can be broken down , but additionally increases the fraction of stratospheric halogen that occurs in ozone destroying forms - as observed in the substantial increase in the ozone destroying forms of chlorine by wilson et al . , ( 1993 ) .
organochlorine compounds are usually taken to be man made ; yet methyl chloride has been demonstrated as a product of microbial fermentation 1 and of the smouldering combustion of vegetation ( a . e . o ' keeffe , personal communication ) and zafiriou 2 has predicted its ubiquitous presence in the environment . here i report measurements of methyl chloride and other halomethanes in the air and coastal waters of southern england between december 1974 and april 1975 . these measurements confirm those of r . a . rasmussen ( personal communication ) who found methyl chloride in rural air over the west coast of the usa ; they reveal methyl chloride as the dominant halocarbon of the atmosphere . the possible bearing of this discovery on the chlorine - catalysed destruction of stratospheric ozone is discussed .
ziska et al . calculate historical and future trends in sea - to - air fluxes of the vsls ch 2 br 2 , chbr 3 and ch 3 i from 1979 to 2100 , using three cmip5 models . assuming constant concentration fields in the ocean and atmosphere , i . e . changes induced only via the gas transfer coefficient k w , increases of 6–8 % are predicted to have occurred during 1979–2013 , due almost entirely to increases in wind speed . for the time period 2006–2100 , the multi - model mean increases for rcp 8 . 5 were 29 % , 23 % and 6 % for chbr 3 , ch 2 br 2 , and ch 3 i , respectively , due mainly to increases in sst which are predicted to range from 2 to 4 k in all latitudinal bands across all models . the actual influence of future ocean productivity changes on the oceanic halocarbon production rates and concentrations are currently unclear and need to be assessed in follow - up studies .
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any of a class of compounds containing carbon , one or more halogens , and sometimes hydrogen .
urltoken unabridged based on the random house unabridged dictionary , © random house , inc . 2018
a compound , such as a fluorocarbon , that consists of carbon combined with one or more halogens . halocarbons are typically nonflammable and nonreactive , though some halocarbons are broken down by ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere , and this process releases free halogen atoms that damage the ozone layer . some halocarbons have also been implicated as greenhouse gases .
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a chlorofluorocarbon or other compound in which the hydrogen of a hydrocarbon is replaced by halogens .
‘countries signing the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer have pledged to eliminate manufacture and use of halocarbons . ’
‘it should also be mentioned that other chemical substances have attacked the ozone layer including nitrous oxides from fertilisers , chlorine , carbon dioxide and bromine halocarbons . ’
‘minor greenhouse gases include methane , nitrous oxide , sulfur hexafluoride and halocarbons such as perfluoromethane , freon and other cfcs . ’
‘in recent years , society has introduced new greenhouse gases into the atmosphere , namely cfcs and other halocarbons . ’
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is the resin polytetrafluoroethylene , called teflon . several , but not all , of the
) are halocarbons , as is the resin polychlorotrifluoroethylene ( kel - f ) . the nonflammability , low chemical reactivity , and low toxicity of many of the halocarbons are their most valuable properties (
organohalogen compound , any of a class of organic compounds that contain at least one halogen ( fluorine [ f ] , chlorine [ cl ] , bromine [ br ] , or iodine [ i ] ) bonded to carbon . they are subdivided into alkyl , vinylic , aryl , and acyl halides . in alkyl halides all four bonds to the carbon that bears the halogen…
… ( n 2 o ) and fluorinated gases ( halocarbons ) , the latter including sulfur hexafluoride , hydrofluorocarbons ( hfcs ) , and perfluorocarbons ( pfcs ) . nitrous oxide is responsible for 0 . 16 watt per square metre radiative forcing , while fluorinated gases are collectively responsible for 0 . 34 watt per square metre . nitrous oxides have small background concentrations due to natural biological…
of cfcs and other halocarbons . the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer began the phaseout of cfcs in 1993 and sought to achieve a 50 percent reduction in global consumption from 1986 levels by 1998 . a series of amendments to the montreal protocol in the…
the chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ) and other halocarbons ( carbon - halogen compounds ) that contain them , destroy ozone by stripping away single oxygen atoms from ozone molecules . depletion is so extensive that so - called ozone holes ( regions of severely reduced ozone coverage ) form over the poles during the onset of their respective spring seasons . the largest…
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naoyoshi taguchi , the founder of the company , graduated from nagata high school in hyogo prefecture , enrolled at the osaka institute of technology , and subsequently became involved in development work .
, naoyoshi taguchi , figaro engineering’s future founder , noticed a newspaper article on a propane gas explosion at lake yamanaka . immediately he recognized the serious need for a gas leak detector . he was consumed by the need to accelerate research on gas detection sensors and thus began a series of experiments to find functional materials for gas detection . after two years of intensive experiments , he chose tin oxide ( sno2 ) for gas detection .
, taguchi invented a semiconductor element with a very simple circuit to detect extremely low concentrations of inflammable and reducing gases . together with his research colleagues , he commercialized the product and established business operations . the sensor was incorporated into gas leak detectors for homes and industrial usage under the name taguchi gas sensor ( tgs ) , with sales both in japan and overseas .
tgs109 was mass - produced , selling in large numbers . tgs is the abbreviation of ‘taguchi gas sensor’ .
. to name the company , taguchi , an avid fan of opera , named the company figaro after the name of the protagonist and jack - of - all - trades in the opera ‘the barber of seville’ . figaro’s ability to challenge anything represented taguchi’s vitality and desire to challenge conventional wisdom .
a combined research laboratory and factory was built in higashi - toyonaka city the following year , and gas sensor development and manufacture commenced . in the same year , gas alarm manufacturers formed the gas alarm liaison council which later established the expiration date for alarms at three years .
, nurturing development , manufacturing , and maintenance capabilities , and building the foundation of a progressive enterprise . the company was recognized by the media at the time as possessing ‘venture spirit’ , resulting in a ratio of 100 : 1 in student applications for successful employment , and an increased public awareness of the company .
figaro responded to the problem of faulty operation of alarms in underground shopping centers by rapidly developing countermeasures such as the addition of compounds to its sensor elements and by improving filters . these measures raised public awareness of the company as a leading , reliable manufacturer of gas sensors .
, in preparation for overseas expansion , a north american office was established in 1980 and was formally incorporated as figaro usa inc . in 1983 , providing the basis for international expansion . in the same year , the company received the electrochemical society of japan’s tanahashi award for technology development enterprises founded on electrochemistry and industrial physics .
receipt of this award was a demonstration of the company’s nature , both in name and reality , as one of product development and technical ability . in the following year , the company moved to its current headquarters and factory to mino city to expand business .
the dangers of gas leaks in urban housing came into focus within the context of greater hermetic sealing of housing , and the company began shifting its focus to equipment and environments responding to the needs of society , and consequently developed its world - class mass production system .
, the company received the technology award of the chemical society of japan , further motivating research and development , and reinforcing the abilities of the organization in both technology and development . in the same year , a capital alliance was formed with tokuyama , a company handling chemicals and electronic products , despite joining the tokuyama group , the progressive and unique nature of the company as a venture business with proactive management , employee performance awards , liberal vacation policy , and a flex - time system was retained .
, operations were expanded into china , and tianjin figaro inc . was established as a japan - china joint venture , a rarity at the time . in an era when few japanese manufacturers had a presence in china , the company moved aggressively into the chinese market with the manufacturing of gas sensors in china and the potential of selling into the chinese retail market . china would become a base for expansion into asia .
in the united states , the first regulations mandating the installation of carbon monoxide alarms were made in 1994 , and figaro dramatically increased its shipments of carbon monoxide sensors . fourteen years after establishing the north american office , overseas operations began to expand rapidly .
a sensor element manufactured with thick - film printing technology applied in - house by figaro engineering .
. these techniques applied thick - film printing technology to the manufacture of sensor elements , conquering mass production problems and improving quality . customer demands were satisfied through a massive improvement in manufacturing capacity , miniaturization , and reduced power consumption .
, competitors , including overseas manufacturers from china , entered the gas sensor market and the pressure to drop sensor prices increased . in this climate , figaro accelerated its research and development to diversify sensor technology , and in doing so enhanced product manufacture with knowhow and added value beyond the capabilities of its competitors .
, figaro commenced in - house development of electrochemical sensors in response to market demands for a battery operable sensor with no significant humidity dependency .
demands for semiconductor gas sensors to detect low concentrations were growing , and figaro therefore moved ahead with research and development on this next generation of sensors .
, legislation in the us requiring installation of carbon monoxide detection alarms was implemented in most states , and exports of co sensors rapidly increased . figaro’s battery operable electrochemical gas sensor was developed in 2006 and entered the market , gaining a significant share of the market .
figaro’s thick - film printing technology and expansion of tianjin figaro’s manufacturing capacity have propelled figaro to the position of global leader in gas sensor manufacturing capacity . nevertheless , many challenges remain on figaro’s path to becoming the unquestioned world leader in the gas sensing field . the most notable challenge to figaro is exploiting the unlimited possibilities of gas sensor technology . examples of new applications include expansion of the company’s gas chromatography technology into new fields , creation of a more comfortable and livable environment through the use of gas sensors , and measurement of gases and odors emitted by the human body in healthcare applications . revisions to the fire prevention law in japan to encourage improved safety may possibly bring major changes to the japanese market , and it is anticipated that figaro’s contribution to safety and security will expand as a result . with 2020 in mind , figaro is promoting a long - term strategic plan to bring satisfaction to all stakeholders through a process of creating new enterprise value via research and development .
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rationale : this sae aerospace standard ( as ) is created in response to a request by the european aviation safety agency ( easa ) to craft the technical basis for a european technical standard order ( etso ) that addresses international civil aviation organization ( icao ) assembly resolution a36 - 12 , regarding the replacement of halon in civil aircraft fire extinguishers . it is intended to identify pertinent hand - held fire extinguisher requirements selected from the broad range of fire extinguisher standards existing across the international community . the goal is to synthesize a single set of requirements specifically applicable to aircraft fire extinguishers .
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design of low - gravity fire - suppression experiments : application to space and earth - based agent development . . reuther , j . j . ; 1991
du pont ' s halon alternatives program . technical progress . . fernandez , r . e . ; 1991
fine water sprays for fire protection : a halon replacement option . . papavergos , p . g . ; 1991
fire protection in the ' 90s without halon 1211 and halon 1301 . . riley , j . f . ; 1991
fire suppression in human - crew spacecraft . . friedman , r . ; dietrich , d . l . ; 1991
fluorinated ethers : a new family of halons ? . adcock , j . r . ; mathur , s . b . ; huang , h . q . ; mukhopadhyay , p . ; wang , b . ; 1991
halon 1301 use in oil and gas production facilities : alaska ' s north slope . . ulmer , p . e . ; 1991
intermediate scale determination of extinguishment concentration and measurement of products of decomposition of selected alternatives to halon 1301 . . riley , j . f . ; 1991
low - odp bromine - and fluorine - containing replacement candidates . . tapscott , r . e . ; skaggs , s . r . ; nimitz , j . s . ; 1991
methodology to determine the new volume of an enclosure using a fan pressurisation method . . myint , l . s . ; leonard , r . ; whiteley , r . a . ; 1991
occupational and environmental health impacts related to the use of replacement firefighting agents at u . s . air force training sites : a progress report . . crume , r . v . ; 1991
olefinic chlorofluorocarbon ( ocfc ) fire extinguishing agents . . floden , j . r . ; nimitz , j . s . ; tapscott , r . e . ; bannister , w . w . ; faust , r . ; jahngen , e . g . e . ; 1991
aircraft fire protection : a critical halon application . . parsons , m . l . ; meserve , w . ; 1992
analytical methods for modeling discharge characteristics of halon 1301 fire protection systems . . coward , r . n . ; hillaert , j . a . ; mccrory , d . m . ; 1992
application of fine water mists to fire suppression . . butz , j . r . ; carey , r . r . ; 1992
eurotunnel ' s specification for halon 1301 replacement . . whitaker , e . h . ; 1992
evaluation of fire extinguishants for space station freedom . . sircar , s . ; dees , j . s . ; beeson , h . ; 1992
evaluation of some halon substitute agents in a small scale aircraft engine simulator . . harrison , g . c . ; 1992
extinguishment of diffusion flames of polymeric materials by halon 1301 . . tewarson , a . ; khan , m . m . ; 1992
fire suppression and inertion testing of halon 1301 replacement agents . . heinonen , e . w . ; skaggs , s . r . ; 1992
halon 1301 recycling system . . parsons , m . l . ; meserve , w . ; 1992
halon replacement agent testing : procedures , pitfalls and interpretation . . baldwin , s . p . ; brown , r . ; burchell , h . ; driscoll , d . c . ; eaton , h . g . ; salmon , g . ; st . aubin , j . ; sheinson , r . s . ; smith , w . d . ; 1992
halotron : a total concept halon replacement . . andersson , j . ; 1992
human health and environmental toxicity issues for evaluation of halon replacements . . rubenstein , r . ; 1992
implications of using halon and cfc substitutes on occupational safety and health standards . . perry , w . ; kent , m . ; 1992
naf s - iii :
a transitional substitute for halon 1301
. . guglielmi , e . ; 1992
nasa ' s approach to halon issues . . maynard , m . j . ; 1992
progress toward replacing halon 2402 for thrust vector control . . nimitz , j . s . ; shell , v . ; skaggs , s . r . ; walters , e . a . ; 1992
replacement agents : an historical overview . . tapscott , r . e . ; 1992
thermal decomposition product results utilizing pfc - 410 ( 3m brand pfc - 410 clean extinguishing agent ) . . ferreira , m . j . ; hanauska , c . ; pike , m . t . ; 1992
ul standards and performance requirements for new extinguishing agents . . carey , w . m . ; 1992
alkali metal salt aerosols as fire extinguishants . . spring , d . j . ; ball , d . ; 1993
application of fine water mists to hydrogen deflagrations . . butz , j . r . ; french , p . ; 1993
decomposition product analysis during intermedia te - scale ( 645 ft3 ) and laboratory scale ( 6 . 18 ft3 ) testing of nfpa 2001 agents . . dierdorf , d . s . ; moore , t . a . ; skaggs , s . r . ; 1993
development of perfluoroalkanes as clean extinguishing agents : toxicity test protocols . . pignato , j . a . , jr . ; pike , m . t . ; 1993
encapsulated micron aerosol agents ( emma ) . . kibert , c . ; dierdorf , d . s . ; 1993
evaluation of alternative agents for halon 1301 in total flooding fire suppression systems : thermal decomposition product testing . . dinenno , p . j . ; forssell , e . w . ; peatross , m . j . ; maynard , m . j . ; 1993
final firefighter exposure results : a comparison of halon 1211 , hcfc 123 and pfh . . floden , j . r . ; scheil , g . ; klamm , s . ; 1993
fine water spray fire suppression alternative to halon 1301 in gas turbine enclosures . . gameiro , v . m . ; 1993
fire extinguishment of pool flames by means of a dc electric field . . sher , e . ; jacobson , e . ; pinhasi , g . ; pokryvailo , a . ; baron , r . ; 1993
halon 1211 / 1301 replacement program status : u . s . air force ground based fire suppression applications . . kibert , c . ; 1993
halon substitutes : an overview . . tapscott , r . e . ; 1993
intermediate - scale ( 645 - ft - 3 ) fire suppression evaluation of nfpa 2001 agents . . moore , t . a . ; dierdorf , d . s . ; skaggs , s . r . ; 1993
investigation into halon 1301 replacements : a water - based system for the airline lavatory application . . parsons , m . l . ; swartwood , k . s . ; 1993
kinetic aspects of flame inhibition by halons and halon alternative compounds . . tsang , w . ; miziolek , a . w . ; finnerty , a . e . ; 1993
modes of chemical suppression action : guidance for agent evaluation . . sheinson , r . s . ; baldwin , s . p . ; 1993
new applications of aqueous agents for fire suppression . . spring , d . j . ; simpson , t . a . ; smith , d . p . ; ball , d . ; 1993
relative extinguishment effectivenss and agent decomposition products of halon alternative agents . . filipczak , r . a . ; 1993
replacement of halon in fire extinguishing systems . . andreev , v . a . ; kopylov , n . p . ; makeev , v . i . ; merkulov , v . a . ; nikolaev , v . n . ; 1993
solid particle fire extinguishants for aircraft applications . . harrison , g . c . ; 1993
total flooding fire suppressant testing in a 56 m3 ( 200 ft3 ) compartment . . sheinson , r . s . ; eaton , h . g . ; black , b . h . ; brown , r . ; burchell , h . ; salmon , g . ; st . aubin , j . ; smith , w . d . ; 1993
validation of a turbulent spray flame facility for the assessment of halon alternatives . . grosshandler , w . l . ; presser , c . ; lowe , d . l . ; 1993
advanced fire suppression test cell ( afstc ) . a full - scale agent evaluation and logistics platform for halon 1301 replacement . . grosskopf , k . r . ; 1994
agent decomposition products of halon alternative agents . . filipczak , r . a . ; 1994
effect of foam additives on the fire suppression efficiency of water mist . . kim , a . k . ; dlugogorski , b . z . ; mawhinney , j . r . ; 1994
explosion suppression in occupied spaces . . senecal , j . a . ; ball , d . ; chattaway , a . ; 1994
fine water mists for suppression of class b fuel fires . . butz , j . r . ; marmaro , r . w . ; tetla , r . ; grosskopf , k . r . ; 1994
fluoroiodocarbons as halon 1211 / 1301 replacements : an overview . . kibert , c . ; 1994
full scale test evaluations of halon 1211 replacement agents for airport fire fighting . . wright , j . a . ; risinger , c . ; 1994
halon 1301 replacement total flooding fire testing , intermediate scale . . sheinson , r . s . ; eaton , h . g . ; black , b . h . ; brown , r . ; burchell , h . ; maranghides , a . ; mitchell , c . ; salmon , g . ; smith , w . d . ; 1994