microelectromechanical systems ( mems , also written as micro-electro-mechanical , microelectromechanical or microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems and the related micromechatronics ) is the technology of microscopic devices , particularly those with moving parts .

it merges at the nano-scale into nanoelectromechanical systems ( nems ) and nanotechnology .

mems are also referred to as micromachines in japan , or micro systems technology ( mst ) in europe .

mems are made up of components between 1 and 100 micrometres in size ( i.e. 0.001 to 0.1 mm ) , and mems devices generally range in size from 20 micrometres to a millimetre ( i.e. 0.02 to 1.0 mm ) , although components arranged in arrays ( e.g. , digital micromirror devices ) can be more than 1000 mm ² .

they usually consist of a central unit that processes data ( the microprocessor ) and several components that interact with the surroundings such as microsensors .

because of the large surface area to volume ratio of mems , forces produced by ambient electromagnetism ( e.g. , electrostatic charges and magnetic moments ) , and fluid dynamics ( e.g. , surface tension and viscosity ) are more important design considerations than with larger scale mechanical devices .

mems technology is distinguished from molecular nanotechnology or molecular electronics in that the latter must also consider surface chemistry .

the potential of very small machines was appreciated before the technology existed that could make them ( see , for example , richard feynman 's famous 1959 lecture there 's plenty of room at the bottom ) .

mems became practical once they could be fabricated using modified semiconductor device fabrication technologies , normally used to make electronics .

these include molding and plating , wet etching ( koh , tmah ) and dry etching ( rie and drie ) , electro discharge machining ( edm ) , and other technologies capable of manufacturing small devices .

an early example of a mems device is the resonistor – an electromechanical monolithic resonator .

microelectromechanical systems

microelectromechanical systems platform for fully integrated , on - chip , vacuum electronic devices .
research , design , develop , or test microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) devices .
consider environmental issues when proposing product designs involving microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) technology .
plan or schedule engineering research or development projects involving microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) technology .
fabrication of 3d carbon microelectromechanical systems ( c - mems ) . - pubmed - ncbi
2 . the method of claim 1 wherein the structure is a microelectromechanical systems structure .
microelectromechanical systems and neurosurgery : a new era in a new millennium . - pubmed - ncbi
cited from journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 12 , no . 6 , december 2003
develop or file intellectual property and patent disclosure or application documents related to microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) devices , products , or systems .
all - organic microelectromechanical systems integrating specific molecular recognition - - a new generation of chemical sensors .
propose product designs involving microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) technology , considering market data or customer requirements .
manage new product introduction projects to ensure effective deployment of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) devices or applications .
figs . 1 a - d depict the formation of a released microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) structure .
note : a silicon - on - insulator microelectromechanical systems probe scanner for on - chip atomic force microscopy .
brain imaging using a portable 2 . 9 g two - photon microscope based on a microelectromechanical systems scanning mirror
conduct experimental or virtual studies to investigate characteristics and processing principles of potential microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) technology .
development of an alternating magnetic - field - assisted finishing process for microelectromechanical systems micropore x - ray optics .
an object of the invention is to provide a method for releasing a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) structure .
chemical vapor deposition of fluoroalkylsilane monolayer films for adhesion control in microelectromechanical systems ( journal article ) | osti . gov
all - organic microelectromechanical systems integrating specific molecular recognition - - a new generation of chemical sensors . - pubmed - ncbi
refine final microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) design to optimize design for target dimensions , physical tolerances , or processing constraints .
develop or implement microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) processing tools , fixtures , gages , dies , molds , or trays .
devise microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) production methods , such as integrated circuit fabrication , lithographic electroform modeling , or micromachining .
identify , procure , or develop test equipment , instrumentation , or facilities for characterization of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) applications .
note : a silicon - on - insulator microelectromechanical systems probe scanner for on - chip atomic force microscopy . - pubmed - ncbi
development of an alternating magnetic - field - assisted finishing process for microelectromechanical systems micropore x - ray optics . - pubmed - ncbi
xenon difluoride is also used as a gaseous etchant for silicon , particularly in the production of microelectromechanical systems , ( mems ) .
used as fluorinating agent and oxidizing agent , gaseous etchant for silicon , particularly in the production of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) .
create schematics and physical layouts of integrated microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) components or packaged assemblies consistent with process , functional , or package constraints .
investigate characteristics such as cost , performance , or process capability of potential microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) device designs , using simulation or modeling software .
validate fabrication processes for microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) , using statistical process control implementation , virtual process simulations , data mining , or life testing .
the present invention relates to microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) , and more particularly , the present invention is related to semiconductor manufacturing techniques and mems .
the thermally conductive epoxy thermally couples the microelectromechanical resonator to the temperature sensor such that the temperature sensor generates data which correlates to the temperature of the microelectromechanical resonator .
embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the fabrication of packaged timing references and particularly to a packaging configuration for micro - electromechanical systems ( mems ) and nano - electromechanical systems ( nems ) resonator systems .
[ 0001 ] this invention relates to microfabrication . in particular , it relates to the microfabrication of a structure for a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) device .
microelectromechanical systems or mems is the technology of very small devices such as sensors and microelectronics . specialist facilities within controlled environments are essential to create these devices .
advanced materials and fabrication methods for microelectromechanical systems , under the auspices of the national materials advisory board , was convened to undertake this study and write this report .
[ 2 , 3 ] , point of care medicine [ 4 ] , and space exploration [ 5 ] . the use of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) for
research or develop emerging microelectromechanical ( mems ) systems to convert nontraditional energy sources into power , such as ambient energy harvesters that convert environmental vibrations into usable energy .
develop formal documentation for microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) devices , including quality assurance guidance , quality control protocols , process control checklists , data collection , or reporting .
oversee operation of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) fabrication or assembly equipment , such as handling , singulation , assembly , wire - bonding , soldering , or package sealing .
whether you need a slick surface for coating microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) or a sticky surface for semiconductor fabrication , chemical vapor deposition will provide the desired surface modification .
another object of the invention is to provide a method for quickly releasing a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) structure using conventional wet and vapor hydrofluoric ( hf ) acid etching .
the novel process and material could be used in a wide range of applications from large components in jet engines and hypersonic vehicles to intricate parts in microelectromechanical systems and electronic device packaging .
wsn and hydrological natural disasters , wireless sensors and sensor systems in emerging hostile applications .
development of a cell cultureplatform in pdms : microfluidic systems for in vitro productionof platelets .
nelson w . , kim c . - j . “monolithic fabrication of ewod chips for picoliter droplets . ” journal of microelectromechanical systems . vol 20 , 2011 , pp . 1419 - 1427 .
through this degree you will learn the scientific and engineering principles underpinning a range of micro and nanoscale technologies with options to specialise in areas such as microelectromechanical systems , nanoelectronics , biodevices , or optoelectronics .
schmidt aa , chen xx , chen gg . contact thermal lithography . asme . asme proceedings , microelectromechanical systems ( ) : 157 - 159 . doi : 10 . 1115 / imece2005 - 81748 .
development of microcomponents for attitude and communication systems on small vehicles in space and extreme environments .
bin tang and kazuo sato ( march 28th 2012 ) . advanced surfactant - modified wet anisotropic etching , microelectromechanical systems and devices nazmul islam , intechopen , doi : 10 . 5772 / 26901 . available from :
the process according to the present invention can be applied to produce semiconductors for microelectromechanical systems , for example , acceleration sensors , magnetic recording heads , ink jet printers , gyroscopes and other items as described above .
yield engineering systems , inc . ( yes ) > applications > surface modification > vapor phase deposition
williams , k . r . et al . ,
etch rates for micromachining processing ,
journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 5 , no . 4 , dec . 1996 , pp . 256 - 269 .
these systems are all around us . they power the airbag sensors in our cars , accelerometers in our cell phones , and many sensors in the aviation industry . these tiny systems mix electronics with physical sensors , and plasma cleaning is an indispensable step in ensuring the reliability of these life saving systems .
acoustic focusing of microparticles in two - phase systems : towards cell enrichment or medium exchange in droplets .
cryogenic silicon etching has been commonly used in microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) research in order to etch high aspect ratio structures and deep , large features in silicon due to its high etch rate and high selectivity to resist and oxide masks .
w . nelson and c . - j . kim , “monolithic fabrication of ewod chips for picoliter droplets , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 20 , no . 6 , december 2011 , pp . 1419 - 1427 . pdf
j . lee and c . - j . kim , “surface - tension - driven microactuation based on continuous electrowetting” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 9 , no . 2 , june 2000 , pp . 171 - 180 .
two - dimensional acoustic focusing of microparticles in two - phase droplet - based microfluidic systems increases particle detectability .
“the elionix electron beam lithography system will enable us to routinely write patterns of less than 10 nanometers in size , ” says dr . jacob trevino , asrc nanofabrication facility director . “we will count on this system to aid researchers in developing novel micro and nanoscale devices , such as nanophotonic and solid state circuits , microelectromechanical systems and microfluidic systems . ”
guangya zhou , hongbin yu , yu du , and fook siong chau ,
microelectromechanical - systems - driven two - layer rotary - blade - based adjustable iris diaphragm ,
opt . lett . 37 , 1745 - 1747 ( 2012 )
yang y , li x . micro ultrasonic machining of ceramic mems with micro metallic dies . asme . asme international mechanical engineering congress and exposition , microelectromechanical systems ( ) : 93 - 95 . doi : 10 . 1115 / imece2003 - 41635 .
b . shivkumar and c . - j . kim , “microrivets for mems packaging : concept , fabrication and strength testing” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 6 , no . 3 , sept . 1997 , pp . 217 - 225 .
maria teresa todaro , leonardo sileo and massimo de vittorio ( march 9th 2012 ) . magnetic field sensors based on microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) technology , magnetic sensors kevin kuang , intechopen , doi : 10 . 5772 / 36468 . available from :
the invention relates to the field of semiconductor processes . more specifically , the invention relates to hydrofluoric ( hf ) acid vapor etching release processes particularly suited for the reduction of stiction when releasing a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) structure from a supporting substrate .
p . sen and c . - j . kim , “a liquid - solid direct contact low - loss rf micro switch” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 5 , october 2009 , pp . 990 - 997 . pdf
p . sen and c . - j . kim , “a liquid - solid direct contact low - loss rf micro switch” , ? j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 5 , october 2009 , pp . 990 - 997 . pdf
r . he and c . - j . kim , “on - wafer monolithic packaging by surface micromachining with porous polysilicon shell , ” j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 16 , no . 2 , april 2007 , pp . 462 - 472 . pdf
microelectromechanical system ( mems ) technology , and surface micromachining in particular , have led to the development of miniaturized optical devices with a substantial impact in a large number of application areas . the reason is the unique mems characteristics that are advantageous in fabrication , systems integration , and operation of micro - optical systems . the precision mechanics of mems , micro . . . view full abstract»
y . - c . tai and c . - j . kim , “microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) ” , in the industrial electronics handbook , edited by j . d . irwin , crc press and ieee press , 1997 , pp . 1468 - 1471 .
c . lee and c . - j . kim , “wetting and active dewetting processes of hierarchically constructed superhydrophobic surfaces fully immersed in water , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 3 , june 2012 , pp . 476 - 483 . pdf
c . - j . kim , “microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) at the ucla micromanufacturing lab” , dig . papers , int . microprocesses and nanotechnology conf . ( mnc’98 ) , kyungju , korea , july 1998 , pp . 54 - 55 . ( invited paper )
c . lee and c . - j . kim , “wetting and active dewetting processes of hierarchically constructed superhydrophobic surfaces fully immersed in water , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 3 , june 2012 , pp . 476 - 483 . pdf
p . sen and c . - j . kim , “a fast liquid - metal droplet microswitch using ewod - driven contact - line sliding” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 1 , february 2009 , pp . 174 - 185 . pdf
p . sen and c . - j . kim , “a fast liquid - metal droplet microswitch using ewod - driven contact - line sliding” , ? j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 1 , february 2009 , pp . 174 - 185 . pdf
g . j . shah and c . - j . kim , “meniscus - assisted high - efficiency magnetic collection and separation for ewod droplet microfluidics” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 2 , april 2009 , pp . 363 - 375 . pdf
miniaturized self - powering systems that integrate both energy harvesters and energy storage units as the power sources are essential to realize maintenance - free wireless sensor networks , implantable medical devices , and active radio frequency identification systems . on - chip micro supercapacitors ( mscs ) are promising candidates for energy storage in such systems by providing high power densities , f . . . view full abstract»
w . choi , v . rubtsov , and c . - j . kim , “miniature flipping disc device for size measurement of objects through endoscope , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 4 , august 2012 , pp . 926 - 933 . pdf
g . j . shah and c . - j . kim , “meniscus - assisted high - efficiency magnetic collection and separation for ewod droplet microfluidics” , ? j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 2 , april 2009 , pp . 363 - 375 . pdf
j . gong and c . - j . kim , “direct - referencing two - dimensional - array digital microfluidics using multi - layer printed circuit board” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 17 , no . 2 , april 2008 , pp . 257 - 264 . pdf
j . simon , s . saffer , and c . - j . kim , “a liquid - filled microrelay with a moving mercury micro - drop” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 6 , no . 3 , sept . 1997 , pp . 208 - 216 .
w . choi , v . rubtsov , and c . - j . kim , “miniature flipping disc device for size measurement of objects through endoscope , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 4 , august 2012 , pp . 926 - 933 . pdf
r . he and c . - j . kim , “a low - temperature monolithic encapsulation on wafer enabled by surface micromachining with porous alumina shell , ” j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 3 , june 2009 , pp . 588 - 596 . pdf
demonstrate miniaturized systems that contain components such as microsensors , microactuators , or integrated electronic circuits fabricated on silicon or silicon carbide wafers .
two - dimensional acoustic focusing of microparticles in two - phase droplet - based microfluidic systems for improved particle positioning within spherical droplets .
chemical vapor deposition is a chemical process used to deposit a high purity solid material from the vapor phase and is commonly used in semiconductor - based technologies such as microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) for the deposition of a variety of thin films , including passivation and lubricant layers .
r . he and c . - j . kim , “a low - temperature monolithic encapsulation on wafer enabled by surface micromachining with porous alumina shell , ” ? j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 18 , no . 3 , june 2009 , pp . 588 - 596 . pdf
w . shen , r . t . edwards , and c . - j kim , “electrostatically - actuated metal - droplet microswitches integrated on cmos chip” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 15 , no . 4 , aug . 2006 , pp . 879 - 889 . pdf
13 . the packaging structure of claim 12 , wherein the control chip compensates for changes in temperature of the microelectromechanical resonator using data from the temperature sensor .
[ 15 ] the release process of the microelectromechanical systems and devices is achieved by a complete dry etching process . the sequence of the release process flow is as shown in figure 1 . the schematics of the cross - section view of the process flow are as depicted in figure 2 .
w . shen , r . t . edwards , and c . - j kim , “electrostatically - actuated metal - droplet microswitches integrated on cmos chip” , ? j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 15 , no . 4 , aug . 2006 , pp . 879 - 889 . pdf
lin wang , todd r . christenson , yohannes m . desta , rainer k . fettig , jost goettert ,
high - resolution x - ray masks for high aspect ratio microelectromechanical systems applications ,
j . micro / nanolith . mems moems 3 ( 3 ) ( 1 july 2004 )
t . liu , p . sen , and c . - j . kim , “characterization of nontoxic liquid - metal alloy galinstan ? for applications in micro devices , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 2 , april 2012 , pp . 443 - 450 . pdf
t . liu , p . sen , and c . - j . kim , “characterization of nontoxic liquid - metal alloy galinstan ? for applications in micro devices , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 2 , april 2012 , pp . 443 - 450 . pdf
hur j . i . , meng d . d . , kim c . - j . “self - pumping membraneless miniature fuel cell with an air - breathing , fuel - tolerant pt cathode . ” journal of microelectromechanical systems . vol . 21 , 2012 , pp . 476 - 483 .
j . li and c . - j . kim , “development of handheld digital microfluidic systems , ” proc . int . conf . miniaturized systems for chemistry and life sciences ( mtas ) , gyeongju , korea , oct . 2015 , pp . 1199 - 1201 .
- read on multiple operating systems and devices . easily read ebooks on smart phones , computers , or any ebook readers , including kindle .
msc micro and nanotechnology is a one year masters degree with a focus on microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) and nanoelectronics . you will develop knowledge and understanding of the microtechnology and nanotechnology aspects of electronic engineering and their application in micro and nanoscale devices . specialist options also support study for the biomedical and bionanotechnology industries .
…communications application for nanotechnology is microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) , devices sized at the micrometre level ( millionths of a metre ) . mems are currently poised to have a major impact on communications via optical switching . in the future , electromechanical devices may shrink to nanodimensions to take advantage of the higher frequencies of mechanical…
mayer , thomas m . , de boer , maarten p . , shinn , neal d . , clews , peggy j . , & michalske , terry a . chemical vapor deposition of fluoroalkylsilane monolayer films for adhesion control in microelectromechanical systems . united states . doi : 10 . 1116 / 1 . 1288200 .
pramanick , b . , martinez - chapa , s . o . , madou , m . , hwang , h . fabrication of 3d carbon microelectromechanical systems ( c - mems ) . j . vis . exp . ( 124 ) , e55649 , doi : 10 . 3791 / 55649 ( 2017 ) .
plasma etch , inc . has a history of working with the microelectromechanical systems industry . we have worked with accelerometer , roll - over sensor , and air bag deployment sensor manufacturers in the automotive industry . we are committed to providing unparalleled plasma treatment solutions for every possible application . some of these applications include :
nanofabrication encompasses diverse fields such as ; nanophotonic and solid state circuits , microelectromechanical systems , and microfluidic systems . the elionix electron beam lithography ( ebl ) tools are known for ultra - high precision to fabricate small nano - structures , excellent reliability , small footprint , and low cost of ownership . since 1975 , elionix has made significant contributions in the fields of fine processing , and measurement and analysis . the elionix corporate philosophy is that of two css ; challenge and speed , and customer satisfaction . to date , elionix has sold over 350 ebl systems to research institutes and industrial customers worldwide .
we have previously presented a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) viscometric sensor for continuous glucose monitoring . the sensing fluid used therein was based on protein concanavalin a , which is known to have significant drawbacks , such as immunotoxicity and instability . to address this issue , a stable , biocompatible polymeric sensing fluid has been developed .
g . y . sun , x . zhao , and c . - j . kim , “fabrication of very - high - aspect - ratio microstructures in complex patterns by photoelectrochemical etching” , journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 6 , dec . 2012 , pp . 1504 - 1512 . pdf
s . k . cho , h . moon , and c . - j kim , “creating , transporting , cutting , and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting - based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 12 , no . 1 , february 2003 , pp . 70 - 80 .
g . y . sun , x . zhao , and c . - j . kim , “fabrication of very - high - aspect - ratio microstructures in complex patterns by photoelectrochemical etching” , journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 6 , dec . 2012 , pp . 1504 - 1512 . pdf
pi ' s q - 521 and q - 522 sub - miniature precision stages ? can be assembled to form extremely small xyz positioning systems .
the 19th international conference on miniaturized systems for chemistry and life sciences , microtas 2015 . october 25 - 29 , 2015 . gyeongju , korea .
this paper studies analytically and numerically the spring softening and hardening phenomena that occur in electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical systems comb drive resonators utilizing folded suspension beams . an analytical expression for the electrostatic force generated between the combs of the rotor and the stator is derived and takes into account both the transverse and longitudina . . . view full abstract»
parikh , dhara , barry craver , hatem nounu , fu - on fong , and j . c . wolfe ,
nanoscale pattern definition on non - planar surfaces using ion beam proximity lithography and conformal , plasma - deposited resist ,
journ . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 17 , 735 - 740 , june 2008 .
sun j . , hur i . , zhao x . , kim c . - j . “fabrication of very - high - aspect ratio micro metal posts and gratings by photo - electrochemical etching and electroplating . ” journal of microelectromechanical systems . vol 20 , no . 4 . august 2011 . pp . 876 - 884 .
contributions to this topic should address the fabrication of new micro / nano structures , new fabrication approaches to existing devices or the integration of structures and devices into new smart systems . the emphasis in this topic should be given to the integration of processes and technologies to build devices or systems with added functionality .
mayer , thomas m . , de boer , maarten p . , shinn , neal d . , clews , peggy j . , and michalske , terry a . wed .
chemical vapor deposition of fluoroalkylsilane monolayer films for adhesion control in microelectromechanical systems
. united states . doi : 10 . 1116 / 1 . 1288200 . urltoken
lee y - i et al :
dry release for surface micromachining with hf vapor - phase etching
journal of microelectromechanical systems , us , ieee inc . new york , vol . 6 , no . 3 , 1 september 1997 ( 1997 - 09 - 01 ) , pages 226 - 232 , xp000727189 issn : 1057 - 7157
j . i . hur , d . d . meng , and c . - j . kim , “self - pumping membraneless miniature fuel cell with an air - breathing , fuel - tolerant pt cathode , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 2 , april 2012 , pp . 476 - 483 . pdf
j . i . hur , d . d . meng , and c . - j . kim , “self - pumping membraneless miniature fuel cell with an air - breathing , fuel - tolerant pt cathode , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 21 , no . 2 , april 2012 , pp . 476 - 483 . pdf
mems sales in both fiber - optics equipment and wireless systems , including next generation cell phones , will be the major market drivers in the telecom industry .
1 . a microfabrication process for fabricating a microelectromechanical systems device , comprising : depositing one or a stack of layers on a substrate ; patterning said one or a stack of layers ; depositing a middle layer on said one or a stack of layers ; and patterning the middle layer using said one or a stack of layers as a photomask .
plasma etchers are available in a variety of sizes . industrial large chamber plasma systems can be as large as 12 , 600 liters ( approximately 3 , 333 gallons ) . these systems are custom built to meet unique challenges of large scale plasma processing . other plasma systems convey parts on a tray that doubles as the plasma chamber floor . parts to be processed are conveyed to the plasma chamber , raised into it , treated , lowered and conveyed to the next step .
in the late 1980s , the design and manufacturing tool set developed for vlsi was adapted for use in a field called microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) . these systems interface with both electronic and nonelectronic signals and interact with the nonelectrical physical world as well as the electronic world by merging signal processing with sensing and / or actuation . instead of handling only electrical signals , mems also bring into play mechanical elements , some with moving parts , making possible systems such as miniature fluid - pressure and flow sensors , accelerometers , gyroscopes , and micro - optical devices . mems are designed using computer - aided design ( cad ) techniques based on vlsi and mechanical cad systems and are typically batch - fabricated using vlsi - based fabrication tools . like ics , mems are progressing toward smaller sizes , higher speeds , and greater functionality .
contributions to this topic should address biological problems and show how micro / nano engineering can provide with the appropriate solution , starting from biomaterials , technological processes , algorithms , biomimetics , microelectromechanical systems for biological sensing ( biomems ) or , in general , any kind of development that results in an advance in biology and medicine . targeted areas can be :
long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers were fabricated based on the pyrolysis of a natural product , human hair . the two fabrication steps of carbon microelectromechanical and carbon nanoelectromechanical systems , or c - mems and c - nems , are : ( i ) photolithography of a carbon - rich polymer precursor and ( ii ) pyrolysis of the patterned polymer precursor .
object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for producing of microelectromechanical systems . another object of the present invention is to provide novel etching gas mixtures suitable , la . , for application in the process of the present invention . these and other objects of the present invention are achieved by the process and gas mixtures as outlined below .
d . d . meng , t . cubaud , c . - m . ho and c . - j . kim , “a methanol - tolerant , gas - venting microchannel for a micro direct methanol fuel cell” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 16 , no . 6 , dec . 2007 , pp . 1403 - 1410 . pdf
g . sun , h . park , and c . - j . kim , “development of a miniature shear sensor for direct comparison of skin - friction drags” , journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 24 , no . 5 , october 2015 , pp . 1426 - 1435 . ( doi : 10 . 1109 / jmems . 2015 . 2409475 )
f . chamran , y . yeh , h . - s . min , b . dunn , and c . - j . kim , “fabrication of high - aspect - ratio electrode arrays for three - dimensional microbatteries” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 16 , no . 4 , aug . 2007 , pp . 844 - 851 . pdf
extension of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) into more extreme operating conditions will require a wider range of material properties than are currently available in conventional systems . successful integration of new materials is dependent on concurrent development of compatible fabrication routes and scale appropriate evaluation techniques . this review focuses on emerging material classes that have potential to replace silicon - based mems in elevated temperature applications . basic silicon mechanical properties and micromachining methods are reviewed to provide context for developing material systems such as silicon carbide , silicon carbonitrides , and several nickel - based alloys . potential improvements in strength , thermal stability , and reliability are juxtaposed with fabrication , reproducibility , and economic feasibility issues that must also be addressed .
mayer , thomas m . , de boer , maarten p . , shinn , neal d . , clews , peggy j . , and michalske , terry a . chemical vapor deposition of fluoroalkylsilane monolayer films for adhesion control in microelectromechanical systems . united states : n . p . , 2000 . web . doi : 10 . 1116 / 1 . 1288200 .
n2 - extension of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) into more extreme operating conditions will require a wider range of material properties than are currently available in conventional systems . successful integration of new materials is dependent on concurrent development of compatible fabrication routes and scale appropriate evaluation techniques . this review focuses on emerging material classes that have potential to replace silicon - based mems in elevated temperature applications . basic silicon mechanical properties and micromachining methods are reviewed to provide context for developing material systems such as silicon carbide , silicon carbonitrides , and several nickel - based alloys . potential improvements in strength , thermal stability , and reliability are juxtaposed with fabrication , reproducibility , and economic feasibility issues that must also be addressed .
ab - extension of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) into more extreme operating conditions will require a wider range of material properties than are currently available in conventional systems . successful integration of new materials is dependent on concurrent development of compatible fabrication routes and scale appropriate evaluation techniques . this review focuses on emerging material classes that have potential to replace silicon - based mems in elevated temperature applications . basic silicon mechanical properties and micromachining methods are reviewed to provide context for developing material systems such as silicon carbide , silicon carbonitrides , and several nickel - based alloys . potential improvements in strength , thermal stability , and reliability are juxtaposed with fabrication , reproducibility , and economic feasibility issues that must also be addressed .
g . sun , j . i . hur , x . zhao , and c . - j . kim , “fabrication of very - high - aspect - ratio micro metal posts and gratings by photo - electrochemical etching and electroplating , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 20 , no . 4 , august 2011 , pp . 876 - 884 . pdf
f . - g . tseng , c . - j . kim , and c . - m . ho , “a high resolution high frequency monolithic top - shooting microinjector free of satellite drops : part i , concept , design and model” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 11 , no . 5 , october 2002 , pp . 427 - 436 .
k . - s . yun , i . - j . cho , j . - u . bu , c . - j . kim , and e . yoon “a surface - tension driven micropump for low voltage and low power operations” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 11 , no . 5 , october 2002 , pp . 454 - 461 .
j . j . - y . gill , l . v . ngo , p . r . nelson , and c . - j . kim , “elimination of extra spring effect at the step - up anchor of surface - micromachined structure” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 7 , no . 1 , march 1998 , pp . 114 - 121 .
f . - g . tseng , c . - j . kim , and c . - m . ho , “a high resolution high frequency monolithic top - shooting microinjector free of satellite drops : part ii : fabrication , implementation , and characterization” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 11 , no . 5 , october 2002 , pp . 437 - 447 .
l . latorre , j . kim , j . lee , p . - p . de guzman , h . j . lee , p . nouet , and c . - j . kim , “electrostatic actuation of microscale liquid - metal droplets” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 11 , no . 4 , august 2002 , pp . 302 - 308 .
abstract =
extension of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) into more extreme operating conditions will require a wider range of material properties than are currently available in conventional systems . successful integration of new materials is dependent on concurrent development of compatible fabrication routes and scale appropriate evaluation techniques . this review focuses on emerging material classes that have potential to replace silicon - based mems in elevated temperature applications . basic silicon mechanical properties and micromachining methods are reviewed to provide context for developing material systems such as silicon carbide , silicon carbonitrides , and several nickel - based alloys . potential improvements in strength , thermal stability , and reliability are juxtaposed with fabrication , reproducibility , and economic feasibility issues that must also be addressed .
,
samples of 53 materials that are used or potentially can be used or in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems and integrated circuits were prepared : single - crystal silicon with two doping levels , polycrystalline silicon with two doping levels , polycrystalline germanium , polycrystalline sige , graphite , fused quartz , pyrex 7740 , nine other preparations of silicon dioxide , four preparation . . . view full abstract»
yang , e . - h . hishinuma , y . cheng , j . - g . trolier - mckinstry , s . bloemhof , e . and levine , b . m . 2006 . thin - film piezoelectric unimorph actuator - based deformable mirror with a transferred silicon membrane . journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 15 , issue . 5 , p . 1214 .
j . ok , y . - w . lu , and c . - j . kim , “pneumatically driven microcage for microbe manipulation in a biological liquid environment” , j . microelectromechanical systems , 2006 , vol . 15 , no . 6 , dec . 2006 , pp . 1499 - 1505 . ( doi : 10 . 1109 / jmems . 2006 . 883887 ) pdf
used for thermal energy harvesting , thermoelectric generator ( teg ) can convert heat into electricity directly . structurally , the main part of teg is the thermopile , which consists of thermocouples connected in series electrically and in parallel thermally . benefiting from massive progress achieved in a microelectromechanical systems technology , micro teg ( μ - teg ) with advantages of small vol . . . view full abstract»
j . ok , y . - w . lu , and c . - j . kim , “pneumatically driven microcage for microbe manipulation in a biological liquid environment” , ? j . microelectromechanical systems , 2006 , vol . 15 , no . 6 , dec . 2006 , pp . 1499 - 1505 . ( doi : 10 . 1109 / jmems . 2006 . 883887 ) pdf
established 40 years ago , elionix manufactures systems that utilize particle beams ; electron , ion and electromagnetic waves that include light and x - ray . over the years , elionix has manufactured more than 350 dedicated electron beam lithography systems and maintains the largest market share in japan , which is widely known for world - class electron beam design and development .
resonators fabricated in heavily doped silicon have been noted to have a reduced frequency - temperature dependence compared with lightly doped silicon . the resonant frequency of silicon microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) resonators is largely governed by the material ' s elastic properties , which are known to depend on doping . in this paper , a suite of different types and orientations of resonator . . . view full abstract»
[ 5 ] releasing microelectromechanical systems and device sensor and actuator devices to form free - hanging structures via wet etching method usually leads to problems such as stiction or adhesion , a condition where the substrate and the microstructures adhere together causing the microelectromechanical systems and device to fail . adhesion can occur during processing when the suspended structure is exposed to an aqueous rinsing and drying cycle . strong attractive capillary forces can develop during the dehydration process due to the very small gap of the device - to - substrate , causing it to collapse and subsequently pinned to the substrate . separating the two surfaces is often complicated due to the fragile nature of the microstructure . this type of device failure develops both in fabrication and during device operation , being a dominant source of yield loss in mems .
cantilever - type all - organic microelectromechanical systems based on molecularly imprinted polymers for specific analyte recognition are used as chemical sensors . they are produced by a simple spray - coating - shadow - masking process . analyte binding to the cantilever generates a measurable change in its resonance frequency . this allows label - free detection by direct mass sensing of low - molecular - weight analytes at nanomolar concentrations .
the young ' s modulus ( e ) of a material is a key parameter for mechanical engineering design . silicon , the most common single material used in microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) , is an anisotropic crystalline material whose material properties depend on orientation relative to the crystal lattice . this fact means that the correct value of e for analyzing two different designs in sil . . . view full abstract»
located in livermore , california , yield engineering systems ( yes ) is a privately held company that manufactures engineering process control equipment to meet the needs of innovative engineers and lab managers .
microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) provide engineers with a rich palette of technical solutions to a wide range of actuation and sensing challenges . mems devices are low cost , easily integrated with sense and drive electronics , are robust , and can be designed to respond to electrical , mechanical , or chemical stimuli . because they are mechanical , mems devices suffer from being relatively slow in . . . view full abstract»
this paper describes the design and fabrication of an electrostatic microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) switch that can be co - fabricated on the same substrate with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer ( cmut ) as a transmit / receive switch . the structure of the switch is modified from a single cmut cell . an interrupted transmission line is defined across the center of the cell with cont . . . view full abstract»
a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) capacitive - type passive wireless pressure sensor designed to operate in harsh environments at temperatures up to 1000 °c is presented . the pressure sensor has a sapphire - based diaphragm and structural body , and a platinum - based capacitive element . the capacitive element is configured as a part of a slot patch antenna that is designed to operate in a f . . . view full abstract»
g . sun , t . liu , p . sen , w . shen , c . gudeman and c . - j . kim , “electrostatic side - drive rotary stage on liquid - ring bearing , ” journal of microelectromechanical systems , vol . 23 , no . 1 , feb . 2014 , pp . 147 - 156 . ( doi : 10 . 1109 / jmems . 2013 . 2262592 )
the paper presents the first tool for the emulation of microelectromechanical systems ( memss ) to be used for the characterization of electronics designed for mems . with such a tool , electronics of different nature ( integrated , discrete - component , and instrumentation ) can be tested ( debugged ) as in operation , even in the absence of physically available mems transducers . the proposed mems emulator ( . . . view full abstract»
systems [ 14 , 15 ] , mass analyzers [ 16 - 21 ] , detectors [ 22 - 26 ] , and vacuum components [ 27 - 30 ] . the mems fabrication process
micro electromechanical systems ( mems ) are miniaturized devices combining electrical and mechanical elements , and are made using microfabrication techniques . mems devices are capable of sensing and interacting with their surrounding environment .
we have designed a novel microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) resonant acoustic wake - up switch which is actuated by ambient sound waves , using zero power while waiting for a signal at its resonant frequency and less than 10 nw when the signal is detected . the system uses a battery to charge a capacitor through mems switches activated only by the target signals . the sensor is of rotational design . . . view full abstract»
this paper reports theoretical analysis and experimental results on a new class of rectangular plate and ring - shaped contour - mode piezoelectric aluminum nitride radio - frequency microelectromechanical systems resonators that span a frequency range from 19 to 656 mhz showing high - quality factors in air ( qmax = 4300 at 229 . 9 mhz ) , low motional resistance ( ranging from 50 to 700 omega ) , and c . . . view full abstract»
rie etching is used extensively in the semi - conductor and microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) industries . for example , in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards ( pcbs ) , anisotropic etching is used to form circuit patterns in wafers . reactive plasma etching rates vary greatly depending on the rie etch plasma system and substrate being plasma etched . rie etch rates range from 0 . 001 micrometer / minute to 1 micrometer / min .
the rie - 800ipb is a dedicated silicon etching system specifically designed for the bosch process ( licensed from robert bosch gmbh ) . the systems ' unique reaction chamber , electrode , stage and vacuum design overcomes the problems encountered in competing systems to allow high rate ( ~ 50 μm / min ) , tilt free , high aspect etching with industry leading selectivity ( ~ 250 : 1 ) .
microelectromechanical systems have great potentials to revolutionize all areas of science and technology by creating sophisticated miniature devices . the basis of the microelectromechanical systems fabrication is today ' s silicon processing technology mostly based on optical lithography and wet or dry etching processes . the optical limitation of such lithographic techniques will eventually force the semiconductor industry to adapt new ways of processing ever smaller structures . since eigler and coworkers have shown that a scanning microscope tip can be used to manipulate single atoms , creation of nanoscale structures with scanning probe microscopes ( spm ) has been a popular subject of study . however , compared to the optical lithography , the processing speed of spm is too slow for implementation in actual device construction . there have been some efforts to construct parallel processing spm devices with multi - tip cantilevers . most of these are delicate devices based on atomic force microscopes ( afms ) .
1 . a method of producing a microelectromechanical system (
mems
) from a structure comprising a step wherein the structure is etched applying an etching gas comprising elemental fluorine or carbonyl fluoride ( cof2 ) or a mixture of both .
the etch rates for 317 combinations of 16 materials ( single - crystal silicon , doped , and undoped polysilicon , several types of silicon dioxide , stoichiometric and silicon - rich silicon nitride , aluminum , tungsten , titanium , ti / w alloy , and two brands of positive photoresist ) used in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems and integrated circuits in 28 wet , plasma , and plasmaless - gas - phase . . . view full abstract»
products in the medical industry require a diversity of surfaces from molecular specific bonding sites for dna microarrays to enhanced biocompatible surfaces for medical devices . products as diverse microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) also require hydrophobic surfaces to minimize stiction . as technology advances , the need for precise and reproducible control over nanoscale surface areas increases . while rf plasma can modify surface energies , the coating of functionally diverse organosilanes provides the ability for precise surface modification .
y . - i . lee , k . - h . park , j . lee , c . - s . lee , h . j . yoo , c . - j . kim , and y . - s . yoon , “dry release for surface micromachining with hf vapor - phase etching” , j . microelectromechanical systems , vol . 6 , no . 3 , sept . 1997 , pp . 226 - 233 .
sandia designs , characterizes and delivers miniaturized , reliable rf mems components and systems such as filters , switches , and oscillators that provide differentiating capabilities to sandia system groups impacting national security and nuclear weapons .
mems promise to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon - based microelectronics fabrication with silicon micromachining technology , thereby , making possible the realizing of complete systems - on - a - chip .
for over 30 years , yield engineering systems , inc . ( yes ) has designed and manufactured quality process equipment to assist in the successful development of products in industries such as biotechnology and mems .
recent decades have seen rapid development in the manufacture of microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) at the micrometer scale , mostly based on silicon wafer processing techniques , with characteristic length scales of millimeters to nanometers . however , standard mems techniques are often inappropriate for producing machines with complex 3d topologies and varied constituent materials at the mesoscale , at sizes between micrometer scales of mems and centimeter scales of larger devices that can be manufactured with more traditional methods .
surface micromachining of a microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) structure fundamentally involves the deposition and patterning of at least two types of layers on top of a substrate . the first type of layer includes one or more structural layers in which the final mems structure is formed . the second type of layer includes sacrificial layers which support or encase the mems structure during formation of the mems and which is subsequently dissolved away resulting in a released mems structure .
plasma etching is used extensively in the semi - conductor and microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) industries . for example , in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards ( pcbs ) , isotropic etching is used to plasma clean circuits after machining ( a process termed desmearing ) and prior to electroplating . anisotropic etching is used to form circuit patterns in wafers . the anisotropic plasma etching in this application is highly energetic and called reactive ion etching ( rie ) .
a 4 - terminal microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) relay has long been sought for signal switching applications because it allows de - coupling of the actuation ( body and gate ) and signal ( source and drain ) components unlike a 3 - terminal mems relay . however , the contact resistance still remains a serious problem in current 4 - terminal mems relays compared with the 3 - terminal mems relays . in this pape . . . view full abstract»
electrostatic discharge ( esd ) and electrical overstress ( eos ) damage of micro - electrical - mechanical systems ( mems ) has been identified as a new failure mode . this failure mode has not been previously recognized or addressed primarily due to the mechanical nature and functionality of these systems , as well as the physical failure signature that resembles stiction . because many mems devices . . . [ show full abstract ]
our new techniques allow us to use any material including polymers , metals , ceramics , and composites . along with integrated electronics , this means that we can generate full systems in any three - dimensional shape .
elemental fluorine and carbonyl fluoride are suitable etchants for producing microelectromechanical devices ( ' mems ' ) . they are preferably applied as mixtures with nitrogen and argon . if applied in bosch - type process , c 4 f 6 is a highly suitable passivating gas .
mems already have a track record of commercial success that provides a compelling case for further development ( e . g . , pressure - sensing , acceleration sensing , and ink - jet printing ) . like any developing field , however , commercial successes in the mems field coexist with products still under development that have not yet established a large customer base ( e . g . , mems display systems and integrated chemical - analysis systems ) .
j . lee and c . - j . kim , “liquid micromotor driven by continuous electrowetting” , proc . ieee micro electro mechanical systems workshop , heidelberg , germany , jan . 1998 , pp . 538 - 543 .
radauscher , e . j . , parker , c . b . , gilchrist , k . , di dona , s . , russell , z . e . , hall , s . , . . . amsden , j . j . ( 2016 ) . a miniature electron ionization source fabricated using microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) with integrated carbon nanotube ( cnt ) field emission cathodes and low - temperature co - fired ceramics ( ltc . international journal of mass spectrometry , urltoken .
this programme outlines the micro and nanotechnology aspects of electronic engineering , with a focus on microelectromechanical systems and nanoelectronics . these technologies , for example , underpin research and development of miniaturised sensors , including the motion and position sensors in mobile phones , and of nanoscale logic and memory devices for next - generation consumer electronics and future quantum devices . the programme also addresses microfluidic technology , enabling miniaturised biodevices for point - of - care diagnostic applications , and covers the fundamentals of photonic circuits and devices .
many of the mems developed by principal research scientist luis fernando velásquez - garcía — from thrusters for tiny satellites to systems for spinning out flexible functional materials — involve dense arrays of tiny semiconductor tips , like those shown here .
b . shivkumar and c . - j . kim , “microriveting - a new wafer joining method” , proc . ieee micro electro mechanical systems workshop , nagoya , japan , jan . 1997 , pp . 197 - 202 .
we report a miniature adjustable multi - blade iris diaphragm driven by microelectromechanical - systems - based electrostatic rotary microactuators . a proof - of - concept device is designed and fabricated using a silicon - on - insulator micromachining process . the diameter of the developed iris diaphragm aperture is experimentally demonstrated to be able to adjust from 0 . 45 to 1 . 56 mm . when used in a miniature camera lens system , the current prototype device is capable of providing an adjustment range of more than three full
. . . mono - crystalline silicon with ( 100 ) plane as the major surface is the most commonly used semiconductor substrate material for the production of microchips . the single crystal silicon is not only a dominant substrate material for the fabrication of micro - electro and micro - mechanical components such as microelectromechanical - systems ( mems ) but also an important infrared optical material wang et al . [ 2 ] . sometimes ic chips need to have pockets machined on them for failure analysis . . . .
damages are created in a sacrificial layer of silicon dioxide by ion implantation to enhance the etch rate of silicon - dioxide in liquid and vapor phase hydrofluoric acid . the etch rate ratio between implanted and unimplanted silicon dioxide is more than 150 in vapor hydrofluoric acid ( vhf ) . this feature is of interest to greatly reduce the underetch of microelectromechanical systems anchors . based on the experimentally extracted etch rate of unimplanted and implanted silicon dioxide , the patterning of the sacrificial layer can be predicted by simulation .
s . k . cho and c . - j . kim , “particle separation and concentration control for digital microfluidic systems” , proc . ieee conf . mems , kyoto , japan , january 2003 , pp . 686 - 689 .
lead zirconate titanate ( pzt ) films are very attractive for microelectromechanical systems ( mems ) applications because of their high piezoelectric coefficients and good electromechanical coupling . in this work , wet - etch patterning of sol - gel pzt films for mems applications , typically with film thicknesses ranging from 2 to 10 microns , was studied . a two - step wet - etch process was developed . in the first step , 10 : 1 buffered hf is used to remove the majority of the film at room temperature . then a solution of 2hcl : h
john y . kim and c . - j . kim , “comparative study of various release methods for polysilicon surface micromachining” , proc . ieee micro electro mechanical systems workshop , nagoya , japan , jan . 1997 , pp . 442 - 447 .
jacob white , the cecil h . green professor of electrical engineering and computer science , develops computer - aided design ( cad ) tools for engineering applications . these days , his academic research focuses more on biological and biomedical devices , but in the past , he’s worked on cad systems for mems as well . modern cad systems — white’s included — don’t just provide intuitive visual interfaces for device design ; they also include simulation software that verifies the devices’ performance , a process known as computational prototyping .
sandia designs , develops , builds and delivers highly sensitive , reliable micro and nano - scale optical solutions across electromechanical and biological domains for physical sensing and optical signal processing in national security applications . sandia uses microfabrication techniques to create novel approaches and methodologies for micro - and nano - scale optical sensing and control . sandia utilizes these approaches alongside proven opto - electro - mechanical techniques to push performance limits in displacement and acceleration sensing , optical wavefront control and beam shaping . these capabilities are applied with system level input to build high performance , reliable , integrated systems such as inertial and acoustic sensors , high speed optical switches and modulators , adaptive optics systems , micro - spectrometers , integrated optical circuits and on - chip fluorescence - based sensors for microfluidic systems .
besides deep silicon etching , corial also innovates by developing processes and systems to serve the latest customer needs , such as deep etching of hard materials like glass or sapphire , thick sio2 film deposition for hard mask applications , and etching of piezoelectric films .
13 . a method for fabricating a microelectromechanical systems device , the method of comprising : a ) depositing one or a stack of layers on a base layer , said one layer or an uppermost layer in said stack of layers being a sacrificial layer ; b ) patterning said one or a stack of layers to provide at least one aperture therethrough through which said base layer is exposed ; c ) depositing a photosensitive layer over said one or a stack of layers ; and d ) passing light through said at least one aperture to expose said photosensitive layer .


jhansi municipal corporation is the municipal corporation responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of jhansi .

the organization is also known as jmc or jnn .

this civic administrative body administers the city 's cleanliness and other public services like public health and parks .

the head of the jmc is the mayor .

the present mayor is kiran raju bookseller while the present commissioner is arun prakash .

the jmc is responsible for public education , correctional institutions , libraries , public safety , recreational facilities , sanitation , water supply , local planning and welfare services .

the mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms .

in august , 2015 , jhansi was selected among 98 cities for smart city initiative by government of india .

jhansi municipal corporation

jhansi municipal corporation , with population of about 5 . 1 lakh is jhansi sub district ' s only municipal corporation located in jhansi sub district of jhansi district in the state uttar pradesh in india . total geographical area of jhansi municipal corporation is 150 km 2 . population density of the city is 3371 persons per km 2 . there are 60 wards in the city , among them jhansi ward no 45 is the most populous ward with population of about 16 thousand and jhansi ward no 12 is the least populous ward with population of 4368 .
hi ! please visit the municipal office and get your complain registered . you can also dial below given number for assistance . address : municipal corporation office near elite chauraha civil lines jhansi ( uttar pradesh ) pin code - 284003
swachhta awareness hording / banner in jhansi railway station installed by jhansi municipal corporation . @ swachsurvekshan # swachhsurvekshan2018 @ mycleanindia @ swachhbharat @ mohua _ india @ mannakarol @ secretary _ mohua # upcm # yogiadityanath @ pria _ india urltoken
swachh survekshan 2018 rally , nukkad natak initiated by jhansi citizens and municipal corporation jhansi . @ swachsurvekshan # swachhsurvekshan2018 @ mycleanindia @ swachhbharat @ mohua _ india @ mannakarol @ secretary _ mohua # upcm # yogiadityanath @ pria _ india urltoken
night sweeping in commercial area done by jhansi municipal corporation . @ swachsurvekshan # swachhsurvekshan2018 @ mycleanindia @ swachhbharat @ mohua _ india @ mannakarol @ secretary _ mohua # upcm # yogiadityanath @ pria _ india urltoken
making government schemes , vaccinations , medicines available to the public through the primary health centers and municipal hospitals .
in 1842 raja gangadhar rao married to mannikarnika . after this marriage mannikarnika was given the new name laxmi bai , who led forces against british in 1857 . she sacrificed her life to the cause of indian independence in 1858 . in 1861 the british government gave the jhansi fort and jhansi city to jivajirao scindia . jhansi was then became a part of gwalior state . in 1886 britishers took back jhansi from gwalior state . in independent india jhansi was included in uttar pradesh . at present jhansi is a divisional commissioner ' s headquarter including district jhansi , lalitpur and jalaun . rani laxmi bai , the fiery queen of jhansi , also known as the rani of jhansi , one of the great nationalist heroine of the first war of indian freedom ,
ratnakar singh arora from ward no . 42 , jhokan bagh , jhansi 964 days ago
hi ! please visit the municipal office and get your complain registered . you can also dial below given number for assistance . contact no . : 0510 - 2332097 e - mail : nagarayukta @ urltoken
the city is home to about 5 . 1 lakh people , among them about 2 . 7 lakh ( 52 % ) are male and about 2 . 4 lakh ( 48 % ) are female . 78 % of the whole population are from general caste , 22 % are from schedule caste and 0 % are schedule tribes . child ( aged under 6 years ) population of jhansi municipal corporation is 11 % , among them 54 % are boys and 46 % are girls . there are about 91 thousand households in the city and an average 6 persons live in every family .
jhansi nagar nigam was established under the provisions of the uttar pradesh municipal corporations adhiniyam of 1959 , making necessary amendments from time to time . it has been categorized as urban local body under the provisions of the 74th amendment of the constitution , where the rights duties , functions and administration have been streamlined as per the act .
nearest railway station is jhansi which is within the city . jhansi is the sub district head quarter of the city . district head quarter of the city is jhansi . lucknow is the state head quarter of the city and is 325 km far from here . yearly average rainfall of the city is 660 mm . maximum temperature here reaches up to 46°c and minimum temperature goes down to 4°c .
jhansi city , situated between the rivers pahunj and betwa is a symbol of bravery , courage and self respect . it is said that in ancient times jhansi was a part of the regions chedi rashtra , jejak bhukti , jajhoti and bundelkhand . jhansi was a stronghold of the chandela kings . balwant nagar was the name of this place . but in 11th . century jhansi lost its importance . in 17th . century under raja bir singh deo of orchha jhansi again rose to prominence . raja bir singh deo had good relations with the mughal emperor jehangir . in 1613 raja bir singh deo constructed the jhansi fort . he died in 1627 . after his death his son juhar singh succeeded him . maharaja chhatrasal bundela of panna was a good administrator and a brave warrior . in 1729 mohammed khan bangash attacked chhatrasal . peshwa baji rao ( i ) helped maharaja chhatrasal and defeated mughal army . as a mark of gratitude maharaja chhatrasal offered a part of his state to maratha peshwa baji rao ( i ) . jhansi was also included in this part . in 1742 naroshanker was made the subedar of jhansi . during his tenure of 15 years he not only extended the jhansi fort which was of strategic importance but also constructed some other buildings .
treaty was signed between east india company and maratha . after the death of shiv rao his grand son ramchandra rao was made subedar of jhansi . he was not a good administrator . ramchandra rao died in 1835 . after his death raghunath rao ( iii ) was made his successor . in 1838 raghunath rao ( iii ) also died . the british rulers then accepted gangadhar rao as the raja of jhansi . due to the inefficient administration during the period of raghunath rao ( iii ) the financial position of jhansi was very critical . raja gangadhar rao was a very good administrator . he was very generous and full of sympathy . he gave very good administration to jhansi . during his period the local population of jhansi was very satisfied .
i need to get my birth certificate reissued . i was born in jhansi in 78 and my birth registration was done in jhansi municipality and birth certificate was issued then . but unfortunately i lost my birth certificate so need it reissued now . currently i stay outside jhansi so can you please let me know the procedure for getting a birth certificate . is there any option to apply & pay the fee online . kindly share the list of supporting documents that would be needed . thanks ! hope to get a reply soon .
the local administration of jhansi comes under the purview of jhansi nagar nigam , which is in - charge of housing and sanitation , maintenance of roads and providing basic healthcare facilities , educational faciliites . in totality , it covers 152 square kilometres across 5 tehsils , 8 blocks and 437 gram villages with a total population of nearly 5 lakh residents across 60 wards .
sir mere bhai rajesh kanchan ki death 06 . 08 . 17 ko hui ush ke death certificate ke liye maine 10 . 08 . 17 ko nagar nigam jhansi mai registration karya h . sir death certificate kab milega ?
the extended part of the fort is called shankergarh . in 1757 naroshanker was called back by the peshwa . after him madhav govind kakirde and then babulal kanahai were made the subedars of jhansi . in 1766 vishwas rao laxman was made the subedar of jhansi . his period was from 1766 to 1769 . after him raghunath rao ( ii ) newalkar was appointed the subedar of jhansi . he was a very able administrator . he increased the revenue of the state . the mahalaxmi temple and the raghunath temple were built by him . for his own residence he constructed a beautiful building rani mahal in the city . in 1796 raghunath rao passed the subedari in favour of his brother shivrao hari . in 1803 a
the nagar nigam has various general functions such as providing basic infrastructure such as roads , street lights , maintenance of roads , providing basic health and educational centres , etc . the following departments are under the jurisdiction of the jhansi nagar nigam
what is the status of my non availability of my birth certificate . i had asked my relative to collect it after providing the necessary papers . my date of birth is 1 8 1946 and place of birth is jhansi . i stay in jabalpur
@ pria _ india and @ smartcityjhansi organized
source segregation campaign
for citizens , shri pratap singh bhadouriya m c jhansi & pria team were present . # swacchbharatabhiyan # mycleanindia # swachhata # swachhbharat # bluegreenpledge # mycleanindia @ mohua _ india @ swachhbharatgov urltoken
shri r prem anand dy secretary ( coord ) visited plastic waste management plant in jhansi @ 24 . 01 . 2018 @ swachsurvekshan @ swachhsurvekshan2018 @ mycleanindia @ swachhbharat @ mohua _ india @ mannakarol @ secretary _ mohua # upcm # yogiadityanath @ pria _ india urltoken
a plan should be made for clean jhansi . you can provide / tell people to use two dust bin . one for garbage & another for vegetables / fruits waste . a good plan should be there for solid waste & sewage water management . it will help to clean our environment as well as society .
jhansi has 33 % ( about 1 . 7 lakh ) population engaged in either main or marginal works . 50 % male and 14 % female population are working population . 39 % of total male population are main ( full time ) workers and 11 % are marginal ( part time ) workers . for women 8 % of total female population are main and 6 % are marginal workers .
a symbol of resistance to the british rule in india was born on 19th november 1835 at kashi ( presently known as varanasi ) . her father moropanth was a brahmin and her mother bhagirathibai was a cultured , intelligent and god fearing lady . mannikarnika ( manu ) was the name of rani laxmi bai in her childhood . manu lost her mother at the age of four . the complete responsibility of the young girl fell on the father . she completed her education and also learned horse riding , sword fighting and shooting on a target with a gun . she was married to raja gangadhar rao , the maharaja of jhansi in 1842 , and became the rani of jhansi . after the marriage she was given the name laxmi bai . the marriage ceremony was performed in ganesh mandir , the temple of lord ganesha situated in the city of jhansi . rani laxmi bai gave birth to a son in 1851 , but unfortunately this child died when he was about four months old . after this tragedy , damodar rao was adopted a son . later on maharaja gangadhar rao also died on 21st november 1853 . after the death of maharaja gangadhar rao , rani laxmi bai was left alone . at this time she was eighteen years old . rani laxmi bai did not lost her courage , she always remembered her responsibility .
total about 3 . 7 lakh people in the city are literate , among them about 2 . 1 lakh are male and about 1 . 6 lakh are female . literacy rate ( children under 6 are excluded ) of jhansi is 83 % . 89 % of male and 77 % of female population are literate here . overall literacy rate in the city has increased by 5 % . male literacy has gone up by 3 % and female literacy rate has gone up by 7 % .
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hindus contribute 81 % of the total population and are the largest religious community in the city followed by muslims which contribute 17 % of the total population and christians are the third largest religious community here with 1 % population . . female sex ratio per 1000 male in hindus are 898 in muslims are 929 and in christians are 1081 .
population of the city has increased by 18 . 7 % in last 10 years . in 2001 census total population here were about 4 . 3 lakh . female population growth rate of the city is 19 . 7 % which is 2 % higher than male population growth rate of 17 . 7 % . general caste population has increased by 18 . 2 % ; schedule caste population has increased by 18 . 6 % ; schedule tribe population has increased by 708 . 2 % and child population has decreased by - 1 . 5 % in the city since last census .
as of 2011 census there are 905 females per 1000 male in the city . sex ratio in general caste is 911 , in schedule caste is 885 and in schedule tribe is 874 . there are 866 girls under 6 years of age per 1000 boys of the same age in the city . overall sex ratio in the city has increased by 15 females per 1000 male during the years from 2001 to 2011 . child sex ratio here has decreased by 9 girls per 1000 boys during the same time .
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site designed and developed by national informatics centre , u . p state unit , lucknow . data on this website is managed by the department . | last update date : december 21nd , 2017
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traders association is important stakeholder to keep city clean . traders can effectively contribute to make cities # plasticfree @ guideforall @ pria _ india @ smartcityjhansi urltoken
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birth / death registration - registration of birth and death , and issuing respective certificates to the heirs / guardians within the stipulated time .
securing the green trees , release proceedings of dangerous and dried trees and planting saplings to promote greenery .
the funds for uninterrupted flow of work in the nagar nigam come from sources such as advertisement taxes , business taxes , etc . taxes collected from lease and license , money collected from issue of certificates such as death and birth are some of the streams of revenue flow .
filing of property tax - this includes assessment of taxes as per the ward , calculation and filing of property taxes .
birth / death certificates : application of death / birth certificates along with the stipulated fee can be made within the specific time frame .
i am apply birth certificate on 30 / 11 / 17 , s . no . 5272 adwika mishra d / o arun kumar mishra . what is the status of my certificate .
dear sir , ward no . 22 prakash motors petrol pump k samne jain mandir wali gali mai bahut gandi padi rahti hai nagar nigam safai karamchari yaha safai nahi karte hai or naliya bhari padi hai
hello sir bard no . 56 data gate ander mere ghar se nali nikli hai mere pani ka koi nistaar nahi piche ke gharo se kachra at a hai aage wale nahi ko siment lga kr ucja kiya hai mere ghar main pani at a hai main bohot pareshan hu aap se nebedan hai krpya kr aage ke nali gehri krwa de aap ki ati kirpa hoge
hello sir mera name rahul hi me bard no . 50 me rhta hu pathoriya choraha se satyanaran mandir ki oar se jane bali gali me do nali ki puliya 1saal se tuti se apse nivedan hi ki use jald hi sahi karayi jaye . and pthoriya chorahe par pani bharne ki samashya ka nishtaran kiya jaye . prathigan samash muhallavashi
ward no 2 main 710 / 8 k pass wale naala choke hai aur pani jama ho raha hai jisse malaria dengue ho sakta hai . pls safai karwai . plots main ganda pani bade raha hai
sir ji ward no . 17 ka nala bahut ganda ho gaya janta badbu se pareshan h . y nala gariya fhatak prem nagar mohlla puraviya tola m hsir ji ward no . 17 ka nala bahut ganda ho gaya janta badbu se pareshan h . y nala gariya fhatak prem nagar mohlla puraviya tola m h . m thanku . mthanku
pl suggest a site where we can post our complaints regarding street light , street and naali cleaning , water supply pipeline leakage etc . of our arearegardsratnakar singh aroramob . 9415400859
this site is a part of india online network – india ' s largest online network of 475 websites . for complete list of websites , read more . .


hola airlines ( baleares link express sl ) was an airline based in palma de mallorca , majorca , spain .

it operated european charter services .

its main base was son sant joan airport , palma de mallorca , with another hub at madrid barajas international airport .

hola airlines

copyright © hola paella 2004 - 2015 hola paella inc . hola paella logo and related marks are registered trademarks of hola paella . all rights reserved .
hola airlines . airline code , web site , phone , reviews and opinions .
north cyprus airlines was founded , shortly after the bankruptcy of cyprus turkish airlines in jun2010 . did not start operations
deer jet airlines was divided into two airlines . while the charter operation has kept the deer jet branding , scheduled operations usin g a319 ' s we re renamed capital airlines
hola paella’s founder fernando has frequently traveled to spain spending countless hours investigating the success of cooking a good paella .
when you book your hola sun flight with urltoken , you can book with confidence because you will benefit from our buying power , quality service , and reliability . urltoken offers a lowest price guarantee . hola sun promises to provide the best cuba vacation products on the canadian market with a multitude of flight destination from which to choose . you will benefit from the expertise and upstanding reputation of hola sun a flight with hola sun provides a pleasurable beginning and end to your vacation experience .
» take a look at our gallery of japan airlines lounges , tokyo haneda airport .
copyright © 2008 - 2012 www . airlines - inform . com . all rights reserved .
kaltim airlines was the airline of samarinda was founded by awang f . ishak and sabri ramdhan
pal airlines airline gets its aoc back and began operations again with b . 737 - 300
chautauqua airlines ended operations . all erj 145s were shifted to sister airline shuttle america starting 01jan2015
kharkiv airlines made its first flight using a b . 737 - 800 from kharkiv to antalya ( turkey )
veca airlines suspended operations for 3 months for restructuring ( due to financial problems ) . unfortunately failed to restart
hola paella catering service was founded in 2002 by chef fernando after retiring from united airlines after 36 years of service as a power plant engineer . he was born in peru and , like paella , is a man of mixed nationalities . fernando’s grandfather was from spain and his paternal grandfather from france .
the comprehensive airline and airport customer review site for airlines and airports across the world . read traveller reviews and opinions for airlines and airports worldwide , airline lounges and airline seats . view the world airline star rating and airport star rating .
ruili jingcheng helicopter co . was formally renamed as dehong south asia general airlines upon approval by southwest regional administration of caac
sky gates airlines is a cargo carrier that had it ' s first commercial flight with its b . 747 - 400f
7 / 22 jetblue airways and el al israel airlines announce interline agreement to connect customers between u . s . and israel
whether it’s a short getaway or a long relaxing break , let hola sun take you away ! enjoy a great flying experience to cuba with dedicated staff , friendly hospitality and discounted prices . book air only from 3 – 180 days .
spring airlines japan launched operations , linking tokyo / narita with hiroshima , saga , and takamatsu using 189 - seat b . 737 - 800s .
veca airlines c ommenced operations with charter flights from san salvador int ' l to san josé juan santamaría and panamá city tocumen int ' l .
12 / 11 complimentary in - flight e - mail and instant messaging services are introduced on aircraft betablue , a first among u . s . domestic airlines
✅ trip verified | toronto to caya coco . flight out , on time . staff provided a lovely breakfast sandwich with juice and dessert . coffee / water served for free . beer wine offered at a very modest price . touchdown early . on return , again flight on time , arrival very early than expected - sandwich lunch again for no charge and coffee and water . with all the other airlines charging for every scrap of amenities i don’t understand what people complain about , and the washrooms did not smell ! i would fly cubana at any time .
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to see details about aircraft , click on to the number in the appropriate column in the table below .
baggage allowance ( eco . ) 2 pieces per person : 23kg per piece + carry on 10kg
baggage allowance ( trop . ) 3 pieces per person : 23kg per piece + carry on 10kg
baggage allowance ( eco . ) 1 piece per person : 23kg per piece + carry on 10kg
explore the toronto pearson airport website to see what helpful information is available to you . this information includes directions , parking , shops , dining , terminal maps and more .
we recommend confirming your flight times within 24hrs of departure by clicking on the “flights” tab and looking under “flight search” .
in addition to airline tickets we may also offer you a hotel in the desired destination . we will do our best to find you the best deal .
©2008 - 2012 , urltoken , all rights reserved . + 386 1 563 69 59
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country : spain charter airline ceased operations in february 2010 icao code : hoa phone number : + 34 971 49 14 19 fax number : + 34 971 49 13 21 e - mail : info @ urltoken web - site : www . urltoken year established : 2002 main bases and hubs : madrid barajas - mad
✅ verified review | since the last published review it seems that the service has deteriorated even further . our flight from havana to santiago which was scheduled for 13 . 00 was cancelled at the last minute and we were told to come back in the morning ! after seven hours in the airport and some vociferous complaining we eventually got on the last flight out that night . our return trip three days later was scheduled for 8 . 25am but when i checked with the cubana office in santiago the day before i was told it had been delayed , by 12 hours . all the staff in the airports and on the planes were surly , uncommunicative and downright unhelpful . as with a lot of the state run services in cuba , the state employees have got jobs for life and just don ' t care . if i had thought to look at these reviews before booking the holiday , i would have stayed well clear of internal flights and i would recommend this course of action to anyone considering it .
» check our tips on how to try and find the best airline seat on your next trip .
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tabarak aviation , created in nov2010 , restarted operations with a wet - leased a travel service b . 737 - 800
tnt express , formerly an operating division of tnt n . v . , carrier was demerged from its parent company
boeing delivers its first b . 787 dreamliner to a customer , all nippon airways , at paine field in washington
ana ( all nippon airways ) flew the first commercial flight of a b . 787 dreamliner , from tokyo to hong kong
fly tanzania was incorporated . unsure if started operations with a single bae 146 - 300 as planned
flyjamaica launched scheduled operations from kingston norman manley to new york john f . kennedy international
air manas was renamed to & had its first flight under the brand name pegasus asia . renamed back to air manas
first flight of the b . 787 - 9 at paine field in everett , washington
aviolet , owned by air serbia , using three b . 737 - 300 restarted operations
discovery air inaugurates flights between lagos and abuja using a b . 737 - 300
palau pacific airways began scheduled passenger operations using a wet leased b . 737 - 8as
buffalo airways had its aoc suspended for its poor safety record . reinstated on 12jan2016
law ( latin american wings ) commenced revenue operations with flights from santiago de chile int ' l to punta cana via quito int ' l .
brascoota intended to hold a formal unveiling ceremony at lins airport in the state of são paulo . unsure if happened but still intends to start
lasa líneas aéreas , a planned scheduled carrier based out of comodoro rivadavia general e . mosconi ( crd ) , chubut , was founded . it intends to start in jan2018
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the official vueling channel for customer service . schedule : 06am - 02am . contact :
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# vueling plane in # danang airport ? ? ? ? wtf ? ? ? # avion vueling en el # aeropuerto de danang , # vietnam . alguien me lo explica ? ? ? # aerophoto urltoken
sí , sí , están x aquí la temporada de invierno , pilotos azafatas y todo . explicaciones en español en el vuelo danang - hochiminh jaja
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miami — russian flag carrier , aeroflot , is negotiating with airbus the expansion of its long - haul fleet with a potential order of 28 airbus a350 - 900s , worth $ 7 . 8 billion at list prices . . . .
miami — delta air lines broke its own record by transporting 17 . 7 million passengers in june alone . the airline claims to have flown this number of passengers through both its . . .
miami — jetblue is starting today its service from fort lauderdale to quito , ecuador . the south american country becomes the 22 nd country served by the new york - based airline , which comes to compete with ecuadorean carrier tame in the route .
“quito is one of the fastest growing destinations in latin america and a world - class tourism destination . we are thrilled to bring our award - winning service and low fares to this underserved market , ” said dave clark , vice president network planning at jetblue .
flights from ft . lauderdale will be served by the jetblue’s 150 - seat airbus a320 - 200 , and will depart at 19 : 00 local , with arrival to quito at 22 : 30 . departures from quito will be at midnight with an early arrival to ft . lauderdale at 05 : 17 , ( all local times . ) although the flight will primarily serve to an ever growing o & d traffic between south america and florida , the schedule is flexible enough to allow connections to jetblue’s network .
“jetblue will soon offer more than 100 daily flights to destinations across our network . whether travelers are coming from south florida , the northeast or the west coast , it’s never been easier to visit ecuador’s historic capital city” clark said .
from fort lauderdale , jetblue also offers direct services to bogotá , cartagena and medellin in colombia , lima in peru and to mexico city . quito is the fifth latin american destination of the low - cost carrier .
“the arrival of jetblue will have a positive impact on the development of tourism from and to the united states and it will offer ecuadorian passengers greater connectivity from fort lauderdale” said said andrew o’brian , president and ceo of corporación quiport , the concessionaire of quito’s mariscal sucre international airport . since its inauguration in 2013 , the new quito international airport has served in average more than five million passengers per year .
airline and aviation writer , with a fascination for languages and history , translator , incurable planespotter and aviation enthusiast .
cooking has always been of great importance in the craff family . fernando’s love of cooking and traveling has taken him to spain on multiple occasions and this is where his interest in tha paella , a staple in valencian cuisine , was born . he has invested countless hours in the kitchen in his quest for the creation of the most delicious paella which he truly has mastered . together fernando and his team come together to share his gift and put on a show that you and your guests will never forget !
all the food we use is fresh and organic whenever possible . we prep with the highest standards in food safety .
our entire portable operation travels within a 100 mile radius from cupertino to your event’s location of choice .
we set everything up in our designated area , prepare the appetizers and get everything ready to start the cooking process .
the rustic paella ( s ) is then prepared before your eyes with flawless execution by chef fernando himself .
we offer complete satisfaction , delicious food and friendly service so you can thoroughly enjoy your unforgetable event .
paella is one of spain’s most delicious , colorful and famous dishes that can be modified to include any ingredients you desire .
the paella is one of spain ' s most delicious , colorful and famous dishes and it can be modified to include any ingredients you desire . south of valencia on the east mediterranean coast , lies albufera , an inland lake where the moors introduced the cultivation of rice . this is where spain ' s famous paella dish was born .
according to history , it was in the first half of the 19th century when farmers from the area began to cook rice with wild rabbit . today , classical paella includes a combination of seafood and meats .
a great paella is born from a combination of top quality ingredients and skill in its preparation .
5 / 14 jetblue airways awarded tenth consecutive customer satisfaction honor by j . d . power
11 / 12 jetblue airways opens international arrivals concourse at its award - winning terminal 5 at john f . kennedy international airport
5 / 15 jetblue airways awarded ninth consecutive customer satisfaction honor by j . d . power and associates
11 / 2 jetblue becomes the first u . s . airline to implement personal electronic device use gate - to - gate
6 / 16 jetblue adds service from san juan , puerto rico to st . thomas and st . croix
12 / 12 puerto rico ' s largest carrier , celebrates its first flights to the u . s . virgin islands
11 / 01 jetblue now flying out of reagan national airport in washington , d . c .
11 / 11 jetblue’s rewards program , true blue , celebrates its first birthday .
6 / 17 jetblue ranked highest in j . d . power and associates north america airline customer satisfaction study
10 / 10 jetblue named best u . s . airline by condé nast traveler readers for the 6th year running
6 / 19 jetblue ranked highest in j . d . power and associates north america airline customer satisfaction study
5 / 24 saludos , santo domingo ! . . . service to the dominican capital begins
6 / 8 service begins between new york city and washington , d . c . is launched , completing jetblue service in the new york - washington - boston triangle
11 / 18 jetblue launches service between boston and washington , d . c . / dulles
7 / 18 jetblue orders up to 48 more airbus a320 aircraft valued at $ 2 . 5 billion . the airline ' s fleet order now totals up to 131 new a320 aircraft
sept . jetblue receives an unprecedented exemption for 75 take - off and landing slots at john f . kennedy international airport ( jfk )
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