udp-based data transfer protocol ( udt ) , is a high-performance data transfer protocol designed for transferring large volumetric datasets over high-speed wide area networks .

such settings are typically disadvantageous for the more common tcp protocol .

initial versions were developed and tested on very high-speed networks ( 1 gbit/s , 10 gbit/s , etc. ) ; however , recent versions of the protocol have been updated to support the commodity internet as well .

for example , the protocol now supports rendezvous connection setup , which is a desirable feature for traversing nat firewalls using udp .

udt has an open source implementation which can be found on sourceforge .

it is one of the most popular solutions for supporting high-speed data transfer and is part of many research projects and commercial products .

udp - based data transfer protocol

udt is a reliable udp based application level data transport protocol for distributed data intensive applications over wide area high - speed networks .
this article introduces an open source udp - based data transfer library , namely udt ( u dp - based d ata t ransfer ) .
i am programming a real - time game in which i need reliable udp , so i ' ve chosen to work with udt ( udp - based data transfer protocol - urltoken ) .
udt is a reliable udp based application level data transport protocol for distributed data intensive applications over wide area high - speed networks . udt uses udp to transfer bulk data with its own reliability control and congestion control mechanisms . the new protocol can transfer data at a much higher speed than tcp does . udt is also a highly configurable framework that can accommodate various congestion control algorithms . . install this package if you wish to develop your own programs using the udp - based data transfer protocol library .
there is no protocol directly modified on udp known to the authors . while , based on udp , several new transfer protocols with reliability are designed , such as reliable
tsunami blends together both tcp and udp . it uses tcp control and udp data transfer to allow for higher speeds .
udt is a reliable udp based application level data transport protocol for distributed data intensive applications over wide area high - speed networks . udt uses udp to transfer bulk data with its own reliability control and congestion control mechanisms . the new protocol can transfer data at a much higher speed than tcp does . udt is also a highly configurable framework that can accommodate various congestion control algorithms .
udt is a reliable udp - based application level data transport protocol for distributed data intensive applications over wide area high - speed networks . udt uses udp to transfer bulk data with its own reliability control and congestion control mechanisms . the new protocol can transfer data at a much higher speed than tcp does . udt is also a highly configurable framework that can accommodate various congestion control algorithms .
is a high - performance data transfer protocol designed for transferring large volumetric datasets over high - speed wide area networks .
blast udp ( rbudp ) ( he et al . , 2002 ) , udp - based data transport ( udt ) ( yunhong et al . , 2004 , 2007 ) and tsunami ( mark , 2002 ) and so on . they are usually above the tcp and udp and use udp to transfer data and tcp to transfer control information . a quick review of these udp - based protocols is given as follows .
in this study , the issue of bulk data transfer over fldnet is investigated . after identifying the shortcoming of tcp and tcp variants , the principle of several udp - based transfer protocols are studied .
the way my system is setup , control messages are sent over udp with data transfer over tcp ( so that the data remains ordered ) .
udt ( udp - based data transfer protocol ) was added to touchdesigner as an alternative to udp , which is not reliable because packet loss is not recoverable in udp . udt is fast and recovers from lost packets . it is also faster and more immediate than tcp / ip .
udt is a reliable udp based application level data transport protocol for distributed data intensive applications over wide area high - speed networks . udt uses udp to transfer bulk data with its own reliability control and congestion control mechanisms . the new protocol can transfer data at a much higher speed than tcp does . udt is also a highly configurable framework that can accommodate various congestion control algorithms . ( presentation : ppt 450kb / poster : pdf 435kb )
udt is an extension of the udp transfer protocol . it is used to transfer bulk data at much higher speeds than tcp . utd is also more configurable and allows you to set various congestion control algorithms .
udp - based transfer protocols rbudp , tsunami and udt use udp to transfer data and tcp to transfer some control information . currently , throughput is the focus because it is the urgent requirement for transferring bulk data on dedicated link over fldnet . by the analysis of experiment results from the fldnet testbed , it can be concluded that all the three udp - based transfer protocols have mach better performance than tcp . among them , tsunami has the best performance and rbudp also performs well when transfer file which is not too big .
for the design of udt , check the paper udt : udp - based data transfer for high - speed wide area networks and supporting configurable congestion control in data transport services . for more technical details , the internet - draft udt : udp - based data transfer protocol is a good point to start with . and of course , you can read the source code of udt which is opened under bsd license ( since udt version 4 ) .
gu , y . , grossman , r . : udt : udp - based data transfer for high - speed wide area networks . computer networks 51 ( 7 ) ( 2007 )
using authentication for data transfer would also require being able to handle variable length messages .
as aforementioned , udp has its complexities for programming with . for reliable bulk data transfer , udt is a possible good option .
currently , there are two major internet transport protocols , tcp and udp . tcp provides connection oriented reliable data streaming service , whereas udp provides connection - less unreliable messaging service . most applications use tcp to transfer data because they require data reliability .
check the wikipedia article on udp user datagram protocol for a brief overview . rfc 768 defines the standard of the udp . for an introduction to tcp and udp , the wiki book tcp and udp protocols is a good source .
if you’re interested in learning more about udp and making use of it , consider checking out the udp file transfer tools above for more details .
some commercial managed file transfer solutions claiming to have udp acceleration have integrated one of those open source projects into their core file transfer technology . these solutions will inherit the strengths but also the weaknesses of the open source project . filecatalyst has developed its own udp based protocol written from the ground up , and does not include any code from open source udp technology .
i ' m talking about udt , which is based on udp , but according to its official website ( urltoken )
udt is a reliable udp based application level data transport protocol
, so since it adds reliability to the messages , it ' s weird that some of them are being lost . . .
one important concept in udp programming is that a udp packet is sent as a whole . the order inside the udp packet is ensured .
in these experiments , high performance servers are used , so , the performance of terminals has little effect on transport protocol . but in practical application , the terminal performance should be considered . however , all the three udp - based protocols have not considered this point . recently , a new kind of udp - based protocol named performance adaptive udp ( pa - udp ) is proposed by eckart et al . ( 2008 ) .
yes . how i handle synchronization might depend on how the system is setup to transfer data .
there are a few differences that exist between the way udp and tcp work . these differences are important components in determining what each protocol is suitable for your use - case in terms of data transfer . a few distinctions between udp vs tcp include :
speed . udt is designed for extremely high speed networks and it has been used to support global data transfer of terabyte sized data sets .
for more details on udp programming including udp sockets and detailed explanation of the data structures used , check this tutorial : programming with udp sockets . this worksheet introduction to user datagram protocol on * nix with c can also be a good learning material .
) achieved high utilization of bandwidth in high bdp networks by radically changing the tcp congestion control algorithm , but the fairness problem still remains . considering the background above , new transport protocol is needed to support the high performance bulk data transfer in high bdp networks . we propose a new application level transport protocol , named udt , or udp based data transfer protocol , together with a new congestion control algorithm . this document presents the two orthogonal parts of the udt protocol and the udt congestion control algorithm . the application level protocol , layering over udp , can use other congestion control algorithms ; whereas the algorithm defined in this document can be implemented in other protocols , such as tcp . an example implementation of the protocol can be found at [
although gridftp is not udp based , it can be used to solve the problem of poor tcp performance with ftp .
for beginners to udp programming , i recommend the easy to follow tutorial udp makde simple . this tutorial can help you quickly get started writing udp programs .
udp , which stands for user datagram protocol , is a method used to transfer large files across the internet . tcp , or transmission control protocol , is the more widely known and used protocol for file transmission , however , falls short in comparison when it comes to transferring large files at fast speeds . a few scenarios where udp is commonly preferred over tcp include :
it can . and if you are sending variable - length data over tcp , you have to express that data length in the message data .
uftp is a udp - based file transfer protocol and the name of a tool that implements that protocol . ( uftp ) is designed for particularly efficient file transfers under scenarios where the file is to be broadcast / multicast or the transfer occurs over a wireless link ( such as satellite ) . however , in low - error , high - bandwidth or high - latency scenarios , it can outperform tcp - based protocols such as ftp by 100 % or more . source : wikipedia
gu , y . , grossman , r . l . : udt : udp - based data transfer for high - speed wide area networks , computer networks . the international journal of computer and telecommunications networking 51 ( 7 ) , 1777–1799 ( 2007 )
i am using the udp - based data transfer protocol with udt - m / udt v4 , ! but sometimes it crashes in some map / vector functions inside the udt . dll ! i think it is a conflict with the queue and multithreading . did someone use the udt - m and it works better ? - jens schneeweiß urltoken urltoken
in future , these existing udp - based protocols are still needed to be enhanced . first , an ideal protocol which can get stable high throughput for bulk data transferring on dedicated lightpath of fldnet is needed to be designed . then , the issues like fairness and tcp - friendliness when running the protocol on shared internet link are needed to be considered .
we will review 4 open source projects : three which use udp and one which only optimizes tcp parameters to provide fast file transfer .
udt is completely based on udp , which makes it easier to traverse the firewall . in addition , multiple udt flows can share a single udp port , thus a firewall can open only one udp port for all udt connections . udt also supports rendezvous connection setup .
there are many udp file transfer tools and projects that implement udp for both usability purposes as well as performance reasons . below are a list of projects that you can use within your own network to enable the transfer of files over udp . the dependability of each project varies and it will require a certain amount of testing to verify which one works best for your use case . however , each udp file transfer tool below is open source , therefore you can use it for free .
udt is designed for extremely high speed networks and it has been used to support global data transfer of terabyte sized data sets . udt is the core technology in many commercial wan acceleration products .
firewall friendly . udt is completely based on udp , which makes it easier to traverse the firewall . in addition , multiple udt flows can share a single udp port , thus a firewall can open only one udp port for all udt connections . udt also supports rendezvous connection setup .
as massive data generated in large scale e - science projects such as high energy physics ( hep ) and astronomical observation ( e - vlbi ) needs to be transported internationally over fast long distance network , high performance transport protocol is needed . based on udp , some reliable transfer protocols are designed . this research mainly studies the principles of these protocols and compares their performance by experiments . it is found that they far outperform tcp , but still have some limitations and cant satisfy the requirement of bulk data transfer perfectly .
in conclusion , the performance of tcp and tcp variants is still not good enough to satisfy the requirement of bulk data transfer over fldnet .
many applications need to transfer bulk data , but their requirements are not completely the same . a basic and general requirement is high speed . most applications require stable and reliable transfer . some applications like e - vlbi and hdtv can tolerate few data loss . and some applications like e - vlbi require real - time transfer , but others like hep dont require .
uftp is an encrypted udp based ftp with multicast . it is used to deliver files securely , reliably , and efficiently to multiple servers at the same time .
fast . udt is designed for extremely high speed networks and it has been used to support global data transfer of terabyte sized data sets . udt is the core technology in many commercial wan acceleration products .
in this post , we’ll go over some of the granular differences between udp and tcp as well as a few udp tools you can use .
udt is a transport protocol with its own reliability control and flow / congestion control built above udp . udt provides both reliable data streaming service quite similar to tcp and partial reliable messaging . the latter allows users to send data as messages with specified delivery order and time - to - live value .
there are other situations where people do not want to use either tcp or udp . for example , an application may require data reliability ( so cannot use udp directly ) but also wants data to arrive at a user - controlled rate or the message boundaries to be conserved . furthermore , sometimes it is easier to use udp to traverse firewalls than tcp .
bernardo , d . v . , hoang , d . b . : a security framework and its implementation in fast data transfer next generation protocol udt . journal of information assurance and security 4 ( 354 - 360 ) ( 2009 ) isn 1554 - 1010
a video example of norm in action , helping improve an mpeg - 4 video stream can be found on the noviss webpage . a norm - based socks5 proxy ( norp ) has also been developed to make it easier to use norm with standard tcp / udp - based applications .
the alternative i was thinking of is having the system listening on a single port and synchronizing threads so the ' control ' thread knows the data transfer is progressing .
rbudp and udt also provide memory - to - memory transfer mode . all the following experiment results are from practical file transfer in disk - to - disk transfer mode . a high definition tv ( hdtv ) file with file size of 4 . 5 gb is used in experiments by default .
this website will be expanded in the future to contain example norm applications and norm software development toolkits based on the nrl reference implementation . the nrl norm work is heavily based on previous work with mdp which has similar capabilities .
up to now , most researchers focus on modification on tcp . but , there are still some researchers try to design new protocols based on udp . udp is much simpler than tcp . it merely adds ports to identify individual application processes and a checksum to detect erroneous packets and simply discard them . udp has no reliable transfer mechanism like sequence number , ack and retransmission . additionally , udp makes no flow control and congestion control like tcp . so , it runs fast over fldnet . but its unreliable . if reliability is added into udp and the merit of fast is kept , it will satisfy the requirement of many e - science applications .
udt ( udp - based data transfer protocol ) is one of the most promising network protocols developed for high data speed data transfer . it does not , however , have any inherent security mechanisms , and thus relies on other transport protocols to provide them . towards its implementation in high speed networks , security and privacy are critical factors and important challenges that need to be addressed . there were substantial research efforts we carried out so far to address these challenges . we introduced security mechanisms through the application layer using udt’s api and presented dtls , gss - api , and cga , in transport and ip layers . in this paper , we make the following contributions : we out line security requirements for udt implementation and propose practical encryption methods for securing udt within the network layer .
“a field that specifies the length in bytes of the entire datagram : header and data . the minimum length is 8 bytes since that’s the length of the header . the field size sets a theoretical limit of 65 , 535 bytes ( 8 byte header + 65 , 527 bytes of data ) for a udp datagram . the practical limit for the data length which is imposed by the underlying ipv4 protocol is 65 , 507 bytes ( 65 , 535 − 8 byte udp header − 20 byte ip header ) . ” — from wikipedia .
for a regular send , a simply copies the data into the protocol buffer and returns , so
send
does not know the error . if you use overlapped send , which wait until the data is actually sent to the peer side , it will detect the error .
kent , s . , atkinson , r . : security architecture for the internet protocol . rfc 2401 ( 1998 )
there exist a number of open source projects trying to tackle accelerated file transfer via udp . some solutions are more mature than others and also use different technologies to solve the same problem of large data transfer over wan . this article should provide the reader enough information to compare the different solutions and gauge if an open source project could be used instead of purchasing a commercial solution like filecatalyst .
udp certainly provides attractive features when it comes to performance and speeding up the delivery of data sets across the internet . although it still has certain drawbacks that prevent it from being used in all applications , there have been great advancements in improving its stability and reliability . udp is likely the protocol the internet will move towards in order to deliver standard information ( such as website data , videos , etc ) thus making for a great enhancement in terms of web performance .
in computer networking , the stream control transmission protocol ( sctp ) is a transport - layer protocol , serving in a similar role to the popular protocols tcp and udp . it is standardized by ietf in rfc 4960 . sctp provides some of the same service features of both udp and tcp : it is message - oriented like udp and ensures reliable , in - sequence transport of messages with congestion control like tcp ; it differs from these in providing multi - homing and redundant paths to increase resilience and reliabil . . .
a streaming video server is sending data to many clients . the server may choose a specific sending rate for each client during any specific period . you may have trouble asking tcp to send data at a fixed rate . and using udp you have to do most of the data reliability control work by yourself . in addition , video frames are time sensitive data , if the frame is delayed too long , it will not be needed any more . that is , complete data reliability is not desired in this situation .
the norm protocol is designed to provide end - to - end reliable transport of bulk data objects or streams over generic ip multicast routing and forwarding services . norm uses a selective , negative acknowledgement ( nack ) mechanism for transport reliability and offers additional protocol mechanisms to conduct reliable multicast sessions with limited
a priori
coordination among senders and receivers . a congestion control scheme is specified to allow the norm protocol fairly share available network bandwidth with other transport protocols such as transmission control protocol ( tcp ) . it is capable of operating with both reciprocal multicast routing among senders and receivers and with asymmetric connectivity ( possibly a unicast return path ) from the senders to receivers . the protocol offers a number of features to allow different types of applications or possibly other higher level transport protocols to utilize its service in different ways . the protocol leverages the use of fec - based repair and other ietf reliable multicast transport ( rmt ) building blocks in its design .
udt is a protocol and library ; it does not provide a tool / application for end users directly . if you need a system software to support wide area data storage and distribution , please try sector .
udt is a protocol and library ; it does not provide a tool / application for end users directly . if you need a system software to support wide area data storage and distribution , please try sector .
however , udt implementations should check that all arrived packets are from the expected source , since udp is connectionless . this is inherently accomplished because in the socket api a
connected
udp socket only accepts packets from a certain source the udp socket is
connected
to . normative references [
that is what i mean by a unique data channel - probably not the best terminology .
it may be helpful to build an open source user space transport protocol above udp , but with the data reliability control and network flow / congestion control . because it is at user space , it is easy to get installed . because it is open source , it can be easily modified to meet various requirements from applications .
the science dmz will benefit current and future projects including : increasing access to and improving analyses of particle physics data generated at the large hadron collider ; accessing large genomic datasets stored on the bionimbus system ; connecting communities of scientists to raw data from upcoming ground and space based telescope surveys such as the dark energy survey ; using data from the south pole telescope to probe astrophysical processes at new levels of detail and sharing this data with the larger scientific community ; assisting computer science researchers to explore future internets at scale and research advanced data - intensive computing infrastructure and tools ; providing general public to access high fidelity cosmological simulations and visualizations from the adler planetarium ; and enabling community access to a unique database of marketing data from chicago booth and nielsen .
this is the nack - oriented reliable multicast ( norm ) protocol web site maintained by the naval research laboratory ( nrl ) protocol engineering advanced networking ( protean ) research group . the purpose of this site is to provide information on norm and provide access to the norm reference software provided by nrl . the norm protocol is currently under development within the internet engineering task force ( ietf ) reliable multicast transport ( rmt ) working group .
hi : i have a question about udt , i see the document in urltoken which says : while udt was originally written for extremely high speed data transfer , there are many other potential benefits from this reliable udp - based library . one particular usage is to setup reliable connections between machines behind firewalls , especially those nat firewall . to meet this requirement , udt has added the rendezvous connection setup support . it seems udt only support punching firewall / nat only in rendezvous mode , is that right ?
checksum – used to verify that the data has not been corrupted by routers of bridges in the network .
as mentioned in the table above , the udp header is quite small ( 8 bytes in total ) and consists of four fields , each one being 2 bytes in length . the purpose and function of each udp header section is described below .
quic , short for quick udp internet connections , is an experimental network protocol design by google . the goal for quic is that it allows for an even faster internet browsing experience and in time , will likely replace http / 2 . learn more about quic via this quic faq guide .
to satisfy the high requirement of these applications , high performance network transport is needed . first , high speed network is needed . traditional packet - switched ip network is difficult to satisfy this requirement . new emerged circuit - switched optical network technology is being used to build fast long - distance network ( fldnet ) . there are many optical fldnets and related projects now , such as dynamic resource allocation via gmpls optical network ( dragon ) , hybrid optical and packet infrastructure ( hopi ) , the global ring network for advanced applications development ( gloriad ) and user controlled light paths ( uclp ) and so on . end - to - end lighpath can provide high bandwidth and qos guarantee for these special applications ( ren , 2008a ) . second , high performance transfer protocol is needed . traditional tcp protocol performs poorly over fldnet and udp is not reliable . so , research on new transfer protocol has become a hot research topic .
june 14 , 2010 : a high performance data distribution and sharing solution with sector we invite you to try sector as your data distribution and sharing platform . unlike ftp and most commercial applications , sector can provide a uniform namespace over multiple servers , even 1000s . meanwhile , users can mount the client side as a local file system directory so that it is completely transparent . all data transfer between servers and clients is on top of udt . you can follow this blog to set up the system .
there are many large scale e - science projects such as lhc particle accelerator in high energy physics ( hep ) , iter experiment in fusion energy science and e - vlbi in astronomical observation fields . during these projects , the movement of massive amounts of data between labs , facilities and instruments distributed all over the world are becoming common . these e - science applications have high requirement for network performance on bandwidth , stability and reliability and so on . other emerging applications like hdtv transfer and e - health also require high speed data transfer over long distance .
udt is an efficient and easy to use library to transfer bulk data with its own reliability control and congestion control mechanisms . being fast is one of udt’s key features . besides , concurrent udt flows can share the available bandwidth fairly and udt is also friendly to tcp flows .
auto - optimization for tunneled protocols —many emerging applications for big data and vm mobility rely on non - tcp tunneled protocols such as overlay transport virtualization ( otv ) developed by cisco systems , udp - based data transfer protocol ( udt ) for transferring large volumetric datasets over high speed wans ( e . g . emc vplex ) , virtual extensible lan ( vxlan ) from vmware and cisco , and network virtualization using generic routing encapsulation ( nvgre ) developed by microsoft and others . silver peak auto - optimization with real - time tunneling helps customer quickly and easily optimize the wan for these types of non - tcp applications “out - of - the - box . ” no special configuration or software is required . silver peak vxoa automatically discovers the applications requiring optimization , sets - up the tunnel , and optimizes application performance by overcoming common wan obstacles , including bandwidth , distance , and quality .
how to cite this article : yongmao ren , haina tang , jun li and hualin qian , 2009 . performance comparison of udp - based protocols over fast long distance network . information technology journal , 8 : 600 - 604 . doi : 10 . 3923 / itj . 2009 . 600 . 604 url : urltoken
i am currently working on a project and i am asked to
break
udt protocol from application , what i mean exactly is to make two different exes ( one for protocol and one for application ) and make them correspond with each other through pipes or something like that . i am newbie to newtwork programming so any help would be appreciated !
silver peak vxoa is a software - based approach to wan optimization that makes deployment , management , and growth easy and cost - effective . the software optimizes all internet protocol ( ip ) traffic , runs on any hardware platform or hypervisor , and offers flexible pricing options that align with customer requirements . the new capabilities in silver peak vxoa 5 . 2 include :
“the proliferation of ‘big data’ and cloud - based applications is driving change within today’s data centers , including standardizing on larger - capacity networks , virtualization , and the use of non - tcp tunneled protocols like otv , vxlan and nvgre that are required for virtual machine ( vm ) mobility across data centers , ” said damon ennis , vice president of product management for silver peak . “with silver peak vxoa , enterprises can quickly and easily future - proof the wan for these evolving data center requirements and the inevitable transition to the cloud . customers benefit from the industry’s highest performance virtual and physical wan optimization appliances that can be deployed anywhere , and on nearly any platform or hypervisor . ”
poor performance on high packet loss , low bandwidth links , default configuration is very sensitive to packet loss . in fact a single dropped packet could force a failed transfer
“having evaluated numerous wan optimization solutions , silver peak’s unrivaled performance and unique capabilities for optimizing all ip - based applications makes it best - in - class , ” said peter mayo , director of ecologic systems , a leading cloud - based managed service provider delivering optimization - as - a - service ( oaas ) to uk enterprises . “silver peak’s virtual architecture maps perfectly with our services platform , offering delivery and deployment flexibility for optimizing remote branches to data centers at a much lower cost than its competitors . ”
i found that you will have a
: : connect
routine under udp . is that in rendzvous mode , the
udt : : connect
will call the
: : connect
? my concern is , since under udp , if you call
: : connect
, it is just for one peer connection . according to the document of unix ,
connect
under udp mode only support one peer .
] . additionally , the unfairness of rtt bias inherent in tcp congestion control also becomes more serious in distributed data intensive applications . concurrent tcp flows with different rtt will tend to unfairly share the available bandwidth . although small bdp networks will share bandwidth relatively fairly using conventional tcp implementations , networks with large bdp tend to suffer severe unfairness issues under conventional tcp . this rtt bias severely limits the effectiveness of distributed computations based on high - speed wide - area networks as , for example , grid - based computations in
the way tcp and udp protocols both work are that they break down a large data set ( i . e . a file ) into individual packets . these packets are then sent across the internet , hopping from one node to the next until they eventually end up at their destination . once all of the packets have arrived , the data set is reconstructed and the file is back to its original state .
data structures and variables : 1 ) snd pkt history window : a circular array that records the departure time of each data packet . 2 ) sender ' s loss list : the sender ' s loss list is a linked list used to store the sequence numbers of the lost packets fed back by the receiver in nak packets . the numbers are stored in increasing order . data sending algorithm :
while it is not very difficult , there is no simple way to do it . first , you have to write a udp multiplexer that deals with multiple connection sending and receiving . once you have this ready , you can use it to replace the regular udp channel as in channel . h .
udt is duplex . each udt entity has two parts : the sender and the receiver . the sender sends ( and retransmits ) application data according to flow control and rate control . the receiver receives both data packets and control packets , and sends out control packets according to the received packets as well . both the sender and the receiver share one udp port for packet sending / receiving . the receiver is also responsible for triggering and processing all control events , including congestion control and reliability control , and their related mechanisms such as rtt estimation , bandwidth estimation , acknowledging and retransmission . udt always tries to pack application data into fixed size packets , unless there is not enough data to be sent . similar to tcp , this fixed packet size is named mss ( maximum segment size ) . since udt is supposed to be used to transfer bulk data stream , we assume that there is only a very small portion of irregular sized packets in a udt session . mss can be set up by applications ( see
all of the three udp - based protocols get much larger throughput than tcp . among them , rbudp and tsunami have very high throughput up to 660 mbps . note that the throughput of rbudp drops obviously when transferring large file ( > 2 gb ) , thats because rbudp has to use stream to transfer large file ( this point has been explained hereinbefore ) . when using tsunami , the file size has no limit and the throughput is high . but some parameters like block size and buffer size are needed to be adjusted to be optimal value .
the position of udt in the layered architecture of internet reference model is shown in the figure below . applications use udt socket to transfer their data , which is passed to the udp socket . ( effort was made to avoid one time memory copy here . ) a congestion control ( cc ) algorithm can be provided by applications ; otherwise the default control algorithm is used . if user - defined control algorithm is provided , udt will call the callback functions in cc once a control event occurs :
efficiency and stability : utilization of the available network resource is used to measure the protocol efficiency . for fldnet , the link is not cheap , so the utilization of bandwidth is important . and for most e - science applications , high speed and stable throughput is necessary . a series of experiments are made under typical fldnet configuration ( rtt > 300 m sec , loss rate = 0 . 1 % ) . the throughput of tcp is very low ( about 1 . 05 mbps ) . figure 2 shows the throughput of these udp - based protocols when transferring different size of payloads .
i would encourage you to think about whether you actually need guaranteed receipt of that data , and , if you do , consider using tcp .
“our environment is highly - centralized with large amounts of live data from many applications traversing our data center wan , ” said jason barrett , it manager for m3 engineering , a full - service global design firm providing clients with architecture , engineering and construction management . “we found silver peak to be the only vendor that could automate the optimization of our applications and data traversing the wan , including all our business - critical applications . ”
an internet2 - based context . as of today , improvements on the standard tcp still fails to satisfy the efficiency and fairness ( especially the rtt bias problem ) objectives in high bdp environments . such tcp modifications as presented in
the default udt control algorithm is designed for high performance data transfer over wide area high speed networks ( e . g . in the case of example a ) . however , udt ' s congestion control algorithm is configurable such that you can add your own control algorithm with ease ( e . g . , in the case of example b ) .
udp has its advantages over tcp , such as being relatively lightweight and receiving one packet per read call ( recvmsg ) , although the programmers need to handle related issues , such as packet lost and out - of - order packets delivery . this post gives information and references on how to write udp programs in a c / linux environment .
bernardo , d . v . , hoang , d . b . : “network security considerations for a new generation protocol udt . in : proc . ieee the 2nd iccist conference 2009 , beijing , china ( 2009 )
rbudp : based on udp , rbudp adds simple ack and retransmission mechanism to guarantee reliability . but it is different from tcps ack . in tcp , receiver sends an ack to sender for each or every other received segment . this is too frequent . sending ack takes up handling time and the ack packets also take up bandwidth . on other hand , in fldnet , because the rtt is large , after the sender sends out all the packets allowed by window , it may has to wait for a long time to receive the ack . while , rbudp firstly uses udp to continually transfer all the data , the receiver keeps a tally of the packets that are received but gives no ack until it receives the finish signal done . then , the receiver sends an ack consisting of a bitmap tally of the received packets by tcp . the sender resends the missing packets and the process repeats until no more packets need to be retransmitted .
jokela , p . , moskowitz , r . , nikander , p . : using the encapsulating security payload ( esp ) transport format with the host identity protocol ( hip ) . rfc 5202 , ietf ( april 2008 )
gazis , v . , patouni , e . , alonistioti , n . , merakos , l . : a survey of dynamically adaptable protocol stacks . ieee communications surveys and tutorials 10 ( 1 ) , 3–23 ( 2010 )
this project established a science dmz network at the university of chicago distinct from the general - purpose campus network , engineered specifically to support data - intensive science . the science dmz further enables the university’s participation in activities involving data access , collaborative research , real - time analysis , science education , and citizen science .
kliazovich , d . , granelli , f . : distributed protocol stacks : a framework for balancing interoperability and optimization . in : ieee international conference on communications workshops 2008 ( icc workshops 2008 ) , pp . 241–245 ( 2008 )
the authors thank the designers or developers of the udp - based protocols for their explanation and help in experiments . they are eric he ( rbudp ) , yunhong gu ( udt ) and jan wagner ( tsunami ) . this research was supported in part by international cooperation and communications project of national ministry of science and technology of china under grant no . 2006dfa1990 and the knowledge innovation program of chinese academy of sciences under grant no . 0814061101 .
] y . gu , x . hong , and r . l . grossman ,
experiences in design and implementation of a high performance transport protocol
. sc 2004 , pittsburgh , pa , nov . 6 - 12 , 2004 . [
i think we are on the same boat my friend , handling udp packets lose , duplication or miss order is a very interesting topic . if you find any results , please let me know
chown , t . , juby , b . : overview of methods for encryption of h . 323 data streams . technical paper , university of southampton ( march 2001 )
when data needs to be transferred , the server would start listening on a
new
port , and send the port number to the client via a control message .
however , when using tcp some applications suffer from two problems . first , tcp demonstrates poor performance in long distance links , especially when the bandwidth is high ( e . g . , 1gb / s or higher ) . second , when incorporating multiple concurrent tcp flows with different rtts in the same application , different tcp flows may have different data transfer rates ( also known as rtt bias ) .
udp is not a guaranteed - transmission protocol . a host will send a message , but if the recipient does not receive it , or if it is not received properly , no error will be raised . therefore , it is commonly used in applications that require speed over perfect delivery , such as games . tcp does guarantee delivery , because it requires that a connection be set up first , and each message is acknowledged by the client .
tsunami : the basic principle of tsunami is the same as rbudp . tsunami mainly makes two points of improvement on rbudp . first , tsunami receiver does not wait for finishing of all the data transfer , but periodically ( every 50 blocks ) makes a retransmission request and periodically calculates the current error rate and sends it to the sender . second , tsunami adds rate - based congestion control mechanism . the sender control the sending rate by adjusting the inter - packet delay according to the error rate received . additionally , if the number of packets that need to be retransmitted is too large , the sender will restart transmission of the file at the given block number .
] . the packet size information can be used to derive the size of the payload in a data packet and the size of control information field in an nak control packet .
bernardo , d . v . , hoang , d . b . : a conceptual approach against next generation security threats : securing a high speed network protocol – udt . in : proc . ieee the 2nd icfn 2010 , shanya , china ( 2010 )
it can be seen that tcp also performs well if the rtt is very small ( < 2 m sec in lan ) , but performs poorly if the rtt is big ( in wan and fldnet ) . still , udp - based protocols have much higher throughput than tcp ( fig . 5 ) . the throughputs of rbudp and udt reduce as the increasing of rtt . the throughput of tsunami is much higher than others and changes little as the increasing of rtt .
alonistioti , n . , patouni , e . , gazis , v . : generic architecture and mechanisms for protocol reconfiguration . special issue on reconfigurable radio technologies in support of ubiquitous seamless computing , mob . netw . appl journal 11 ( 6 ) , 917–934 ( 2006 )
for tcp , a kind of tcp variant named bic - tcp ( default tcp protocol used in linux 2 . 6 . 18 kernel ) is used and the tcp buffer size is set to be larger than bdp ( bandwidth delay product ) in order to get optimal performance .
in next generation networks , the introduction of intelligence and flexibility in mobile devices and network nodes appears as a promising solution to the high degree of variability in the telecommunication environment . the materialization of these concepts under the autonomic networking notion paves the way for introduction of awareness and adaptation capabilities in various layers of mobile devices , also including the protocol stack . in this paper we investigate the problem of dynamic protocol stack adaptation and propose enabling mechanisms for the dynamic binding and replacement of their constituent components . our work addresses the challenge of the application feasibility and performance evaluation of these concepts by quantifying the introduced delay . the obtained results show that the introduced protocol adaptation functionalities pose negligible performance impact in the system . our work reveals that although flexibility and performance stand on the opposite sides of the system balance , the introduction of transparent mechanisms leads to great adaptability with minimum performance impact .
about silver peak systems , inc . silver peak is the leader in data center class wan optimization . the company’s virtual acceleration open architecture ( vxoa ) delivers unprecedented scalability and flexibility , enabling rapid deployment of wan optimization anywhere and on any platform or hypervisor . silver peak’s wan optimization solutions are strategic enablers for large it initiatives , including data center consolidation , data migration , cloud computing , disaster recovery , server centralization , and hosted virtual desktops ( vdi ) . for more information , visit the silver peak infocenter or follow silver peak on twitter , facebook , youtube , linkedin , and the wan speak blog .
niamanesh , m . , jalili , r . : a dynamic - reconfigurable architecture for protocol stacks of networked systems . in : proceedings of the 31st annual international computer software and applications conference ( compsac 2007 ) , washington , dc , usa , vol . 1 , pp . 609–612 ( 2007 )
udt seems to be pulling ahead for now . but none of these projects are a viable replacement for the enterprise because they are lacking the functionality and the ease of use of commercial applications . gridftp could be used if the organization plans to use globus and develop a file transfer workflow based on the cli . a commercial solution such as filecatalyst addresses each of the weak points , including flexible congestion control , firewall friendliness , gui client apps and automatic resume / retry which provides a real cost savings and efficiency boost when compared to piecing together a custom solution using a bare bones api .
udt : udt is more complex than rbudp and tsunami and its similar to tcp . based on udp , in addition to add reliability , udt also adds congestion control and flow control mechanisms . for reliability , udt receiver sends selective acknowledgment ( sack ) at a fixed interval and sends negative acknowledgment ( nak ) once a loss is detected to explicitly feed back packet loss . for congestion control , udt adopts daimd ( aimd with decreasing increase ) algorithm to adjust sending rate ( not congestion window size like tcp ) . to differentiate congestion and error , udt does not react to the first packet loss , while decreases the sending rate if there is more than one packet loss in a congestion event . additionally , udt uses receiver - based packet pairs to estimate the link capacity . like tcp , udt also uses a flow control window to limit the number of unacknowledged packets .
patouni , e . , holland , o . , alonistioti , n . : cognitive functionalities for mobile terminal self - recovery and protocol auto - configuration . in : the proceedings of the ieee international symposium on personal , indoor and mobile radio communications 2008 ( pimrc 2008 ) , cannes , france ( 2008 )
. acknowledgments the authors thank dr . xinwei hong for his cooperated work in the sabul protocol , an early prototype of udt protocol . dr . marco mazzucco and dr . sivakumar harinath also contribute to the earlier idea of sabul . we appreciate those researchers , developers , and system administrators inside or outside lac / ncdm for their helpful feedbacks on using udt . we are grateful to starlight , sara , and canarie for providing us the high - speed networking infrastructures . we are also grateful for the feedback and comments from the following individuals : guy almes , cees de laat , freek dijkstra , rajkumar kettimuthu , and johan blom .
common problems with all 4 solutions is lack of graphical user interface . two provide bare bones sender and receiver apis ( meaning that the end user has to compile the classes ) , while the third one only comes with a command line interface ( cli ) . another common problem is poor support for firewall traversal . while this is not an issue for internal transfers , most organizations are interested in sending files over the wan ( which will almost certainly have at least one firewall somewhere on the route ) . none of these solution fare well in the worst network conditions , where packet loss , bandwidth or latency are very high . finally the congestion control in the udp projects is missing the flexibility to adapt to ever changing network conditions during the data transfer .
rbudp needs user to set the sending rate . user has to measure the available bandwidth before transfer . another problem is that because the sender has to keep all the packets that have been sent for retransmission if needed , if the file size is bigger than the memory , it cant be done .


woods bagot is a global architectural and consulting practice that was founded in australia .

it specialises in the design and planning of buildings across a wide variety of sectors and disciplines , including aviation and transport , education , science and health , lifestyle , sport and the workplace .

known originally for its work at the university of adelaide , woods bagot expanded its horizons throughout the 20th century and is now established worldwide , with studios in five regions : asia , australia , europe , the middle east and north america .

in 2015 , the firm was named as one of the world 's ten largest architecture firms in building design magazine 's world architecture 100 list ; having been named as the 2009 architects ' journal aj100 international practice of the year award .

woods bagot

woods bagot : architecture firm woods bagot moving to 30 broad st . in lower manhattan
woods bagot provides designs and construction services and products . woods bagot was founded in 1869 . woods bagot ' s headquarters is located in wanchai , other , hk . woods bagot ' s ceo , nik karalis , currently has an approval rating of 72 % . woods bagot h . . .
woods bagot ' s ceo , nik karalis , currently has an approval rating of 72 % . woods bagot ' s primary competitors are
owler has collected 14 screenshots of woods bagot ' s website since may 2014 . the latest woods bagot website design screenshot was captured in aug 2017 .
woods bagot provides designs and construction services and products . woods bagot ' s headquarters is in wanchai , other . woods bagot has a revenue of $ 90 . 4m , and 374 employees . woods bagot ' s main competitors are unispace , bhdp and m + a architects . as of june 2018 , woods bagot has 6 . 4k fans on facebook and 8 . 3k followers on twitter .
woods bagot ' s self - designed new york studio features black . . .
woods bagot currently has 8 , 349 followers on twitter . as of march 2014 woods bagot had 3 , 871 followers . that ' s a 115 percent increase in 3 years
woods bagot currently has 6 , 429 fans on facebook . as of february 2015 woods bagot had 3 , 071 fans . that ' s a 109 percent increase in 3 years
woods bagot is a global architecture and design studio that continually expands and challenges the e . . .
xglobal architecture and design firm woods bagot has been awarded an interior design contract for the . . .
m + a architects is woods bagot ' s # 3 competitor . m + a architects was founded in 1980 in columbus , ohio . m + a architects generates $ 84m more revenue than woods bagot .
global architectural firm woods bagot was recently named ‘international practice of the year’ at the aj100 awards in london .
leading the global conversation : woods bagot is engaged with the development of communities to tackle the challenges of tomorrow .
unispace is woods bagot ' s biggest rival . unispace was founded in sydney , new south wales } in 2010 . unispace operates in the architectural design industry . compared to woods bagot , unispace generates $ 32 . 8m more revenue .
woods bagot posted a video
la 3 . 0 : development and design for the new los angeles
on vimeo
woods bagot posted a video
la shareholders conference : dr . christian derix ' s mapping conflicting densities
on vimeo
woods bagot was trying to turn that around by making the auckland and christchurch centres part of their cities ' fabric .
allegravita converted woods bagot marketing materials to attractive , localized versions , telling their story in a compelling manner to an unfamiliar audience .
bhdp is woods bagot ' s # 2 rival . bhdp ' s headquarters is in cincinnati , ohio , and was founded in 1937 . bhdp competes in the real estate development & operations field . bhdp generates 18 % of woods bagot ' s revenue .
woods bagot has employees and is the fourth highest among it ' s top 10 competitors . the top 10 competitors average 357 .
woods bagot posted a video
la 3 . 0 : development and design for the new los angeles
on vimeo
woods bagot has been involved in some of the biggest projects in new zealand , including new convention centres in auckland and christchurch .
allegravita was responsible for putting woods bagot on the map in china in terms of its public - facing events and media coverage . we consistently placed jason marriott , principal of woods bagot in china , on public panels for architecture and spoke at public events in beijing .
woods bagot invests two per cent of its global revenues into research each year , which has helped it pioneer some major architectural innovations .
kain said working at woods bagot would enable kiwis to work on cutting - edge projects on both a local and a global scale .
international architectural practice , woods bagot , today announced the appointment of david mason as the new design leader for its lifestyle interiors team .
speaking to the firm’s celebrated ‘international - ness’ , group managing director ross donaldson , outlined what distinguishes woods bagot from other international architecture practices .
woods bagot ' s revenue is the third highest among it ' s top 10 competitors . the top 10 competitors average $ 381 . 7m .
the quality of the design work and the immaculate attention to detail the woods bagot interiors team demonstrates is extremely impressive ,
commented david .
allegravita developed a unique three - pronged strategy , and executed and iterated it to help drive woods bagot’s china market entry . this strategy leveraged allegravita’s proprietary pr techniques , design and studio expertise , linguistic and cultural mastery , and many other campaign elements to fully introduce the woods bagot brand in china .
records of principal architectural works executed by e . j . woods and w . h . bagot 1886 - 1944 ( state records of south australia )
pantry , stable , & c ; rent , 14 / . - woods ana
a firm’s talent is the foundation of its genius , and woods bagot had both foreign and chinese talent on its team with untapped public - facing intellectual and inspirational potential . allegravita consistently placed local and international woods bagot employees in magazine photo shoots , panels and interviews with industry leaders , combined with delicately calibrated cultural positioning . the richness of woods bagot personality and talent were regularly on display and on the record telling their stories to a captivated and relevant audience .
woods bagot will create up to 20 jobs in 12 months when it opens its new studio in auckland - the firm ' s first in new zealand .
cast : woods bagottags : development , construction , los angeles and architecture . . .
woods bagot is the architect for the proposed world trade center in perth ' s cbd . how would a building like this transform the city ' s business district ?
through a combination of expanded media presence in china , brand recognition and profile building in chinese markets , chinese media training of woods bagot personnel , and events in key architectural circles in beijing , woods bagot was given a proper introduction to the market and were impressed with the level of depth they were able to achieve in short order .
david ' s passion for design is evident throughout the exceptional work he has consistently delivered throughout his career ,
said rob steul , principal , at woods bagot .
melbourne ' s woods bagot has placed among the top 10 architectural firms around the globe as part of influential british architecture weekly building design ' s annual world architecture 100 list .
woods bagot is excited to announce the launch of et al , a new collaborative platform that will transform luxury hospitality . often disparate entities or competitors , et al proposes to bring these entities together in a new , optimized assembly . collaborators have included woods bagot , yabu pushelberg , gilles & boissier among others . click the link to learn more . urltoken
hard rock hotels has announced the opening of their first hotel in continental europe , hard rock hotel davos , which has been designed by architecture practice woods bagot’s london - based team .
according to woods bagot , the driver for the building’s design was to foster collaboration between researchers , achieved through architecture that allows a visual connection between floors and an interconnecting spiral stair .
walter hervey bagot was born at north adelaide on 17th march 1880 , the son of pastoralist john bagot and his wife lucy josephine ( née ayers ) . the bagot family , established in south australia by captain charles hervey bagot , was one of several influential , pioneering pastoralist families that provided leadership in the economic and political advancement of the state .
allegravita placed woods bagot into more than 40 stories in chinese print and online media in 2007 - 2008 , thereby creating a solid foundation of credibility for the architecture firm’s business development successes .
recently , the ministry of construction held its 13 th annual urban development exhibition at the 21 st century theater . due to its success and experience in green building designs , woods bagot was recently awarded by the british government as an internationally famous australian architecture firm . this article describes woods bagot’s experience in green architecture and their employees qualifications in green building design . – january 18 , 2008
qantas’ latest international lounge , has opened at heathrow terminal 3 . designed collaboratively by woods bagot’s london and sydney studios , the qantas london lounge showcases global interior design and world - class service .
architectural practice woods bagot has been appointed to restore and extend one of the most iconic , historic properties in the heart of moscow – the pekin hotel – for operator fairmont hotels and resorts .
cast : woods bagottags : film , design , architecture , set design and production designers . . .
fashion and design are the wellsprings of innovation and inspiration in architecture and the structural and urban engineering arts . allegravita deemed it necessary for woods bagot personnel in china to present themselves in major fashion and design magazines , events and photo shoots to build credibility . industry titans understood within months that woods bagot was a globally established architecture firm with a clearly positioned , powerful message for china . with allegravita’s help , through 2008 woods bagot regularly spoke on the subjects of architecture and design at major events and in major publications in china . their principal , jason marriott , became an industry thought leader and spokesperson .
after recently announcing planning permission for a luxury hotel at 10 trinity square in london and 2008’s unveiling of designs for dubai’s 1km tower , it’s clear woods bagot plans to continue its pursuit of flagship projects .
nine design firms are pitching for six reconstruction projects in tangshan , hebei province , including woods bagot and beijing architecture design research centre , which designed the t3 and national theatre . – july 28 , 2008
global studio woods bagot has won the international competition to design china southern airport city , a 400 hectare mixed - use development set on the liuxi river , in guangzhou , china . amidst fierce competition from some of the world’s most admirable design houses such as zaha hadid and airport de pari with paul andreu , the win optimises woods bagot’s one global studio model and continued expertise across both urban design and aviation sectors .
bagot , j . m . , reveries in retrospect ( adelaide : hassell press , 1946 ) .
integration , health , wellness and sustainability are the key elements guiding woods bagot’s concept master plan for an 8 . 62 - kilometre stretch of fengpu avenue – an important pioneer development axis in shanghai’s fengxian new city .
commissioned following the win of the design competition , woods bagot set out to create a series of spaces that reflect and enhance its local surroundings , yet also offer a sophisticated response to speak to a wider audience .
“the design of the centre has been carefully thought - out to create a balance between heritage and modern design that melds gently and unobtrusively into the natural surrounds , ” said ken anderson , senior associate , woods bagot .
designed by woods bagot , lk jewellery’s new boutique stores in melbourne and sydney speak to their sense of place and boast ‘ultimate prestige’ through the embodiment of clean - lines , combined with a sophisticated and luxurious material palette .
walter hervey bagot ( 1880 - 1963 ) , architect , was born on 17 march 1880 at north adelaide , son of john bagot , pastoralist , and his wife lucy josephine , née ayers . his grandfathers charles hervey bagot and sir henry ayers had been pioneer settlers in south australia . he was educated at the collegiate school of st peter and apprenticed to the architect e . j . woods for four years . in 1902 bagot went to england where he studied architecture at king ' s college , university of london , won the silver medal of the worshipful company of carpenters and in 1904 gained associateship of the royal institute of british architects . in 1905 he returned to adelaide and formed the firm of woods & bagot ( later woods , bagot , laybourne - smith & irwin ) . he also lectured in architectural history at the south australian school of mines and industries for five years . on 18 november 1908 at st peter ' s cathedral he married josephine margaret barritt .
“key to the success of sahmri is its central proposition : a new and liberating lab typology that promotes collaboration and medical discovery , attracting the best researchers from around the world , ” says woods bagot principal , peter miglis .
“woods bagot has dared to be different ; developing a global network of studios in five regions—that sets us apart , ” said donaldson . “ [ our ] continued investment in research…has allowed our studios across the globe to gain a competitive advantage . ”
as is often the case with introducing methodologies and products new to china , new terminology was expertly created by allegravita’s language team . today , many of the most commonly - used green architecture terms in use in china stemmed from woods bagot’s coinage .
london—woods bagot announced today that award - winning sports and entertainment architect dan meis , faia , will lead the firm’s new global group , woods bagot sport . one of a small number of sports specialists worldwide , dan’s past notable projects include staples center in los angeles , safeco field in seattle , paul brown stadium in cincinnati , lincoln financial field in philadelphia , saitama super arena in saitama , japan , and facilities at the united states tennis association’s national tennis center in queens , new york .
well known for designing world class civic buildings , woods bagot were instrumental in the realisation of the award winning melbourne convention and exhibition centre ( in collaboration with nh architecture ) , and are currently designing the adelaide convention centre in collaboration with vx3 .
woods bagot announced today that award - winning sports and entertainment architect dan meis , faia , will lead the firm’s new global group , woods bagot sport . one of a small number of sports specialists worldwide , his past notable projects include staples center in los angeles , safeco field in seattle , paul brown stadium in cincinnati , lincoln financial field in philadelphia , saitama super arena in saitama , japan , and facilities at the united states tennis association’s national tennis center in queens , n . y .
winning an invitation only design competition that called for greater opportunity for tenant interaction , woods bagot’s design approach was derived from a careful analysis of how people use the foyer , in addition to the immediate context and a wider understanding of its direct surroundings .
allegravita built the chinese profile of architectural firm woods bagot from mid - 2007 to mid - 2008 through a combination of aggressive media activity , events planning , and localized chinese collateral design . this brought a global architecture brand ( 17th worldwide by market value ) of 140 years experience final and definitive recognition in a lucrative , yet elusive new market . during the course of the yearlong contract , woods bagot went from practically no recognition to being the go - to experts in china on sustainable architecture and design .
dr david jones , ‘walter hervey bagot ’ , adelaidia , history trust of south australia , urltoken accessed 10 july 2018 .
the first principle of persuasion is context , and nothing is more difficult than missing the bigger picture , including both the broader brush strokes and the minute details . this is the art of cultural communications , and similar to the nature of architectural artwork , woods bagot learned consistently in their engagements , training , events , designwork , marketing , and pr with allegravita that all of their messages and strategies would require both bold and subtle cultural sensitivity . through careful design work and planning , woods bagot adapted its unique abilities to the chinese market .
as part of it mission , woods bagot engaged in sustainable living projects in all of its design - work worldwide . “green architecture” terms had not yet been introduced to the chinese lexicon . allegravita coined the terms in chinese media , setting the standard for the architecture industry .
a disused sugar factory in zhuhai’s jinwan district is set to be revitalized into an integrated cultural , tourism and leisure park . woods bagot’s master plan both celebrates the proud heritage of zhuhai’s once prosperous sugar industry , while creating a future for the hongqi zhen sugar factory site .
with a workforce of 600 staff in cities that include abu dhabi , bahrain , dubai , beijing , hong kong , sydney and new york , woods bagot’s melbourne exhibition & convention centre and qatar science & technology park ( qstp ) represent two of the firm’s international highlights from 2008 .
though correctly positioned for western markets , woods bagot’s media kits needed localization for the chinese market , who would have difficulty relating to its messages as they were presented . chinese equivalents used newly - invented terminology that emphasized sustainability values in design , concepts that were not yet understood in china .
the top 10 competitors in woods bagot ' s competitive set are unispace , bhdp , m + a architects , m moser , hassell , gensler , claire weisz architects , cdr , abraham john architects and sto . together they have raised over 0 between their estimated 9 . 8k employees .
“sanlitun is no stranger to change . it has gone through so many changes in its life , and it’s going through more right now , ” says omid ferdowsian , a senior associate at architects woods bagot asia . “the challenge is to keep the memory of the old sanlitun alive . ” – july 14 , 2008
design leader and studio chair gavin kain , who will head the auckland studio , said the company ' s plan to recruit new zealand architects and designers was in line with its
local and global
strategy . woods bagot could combine kiwis ' local knowledge with the resources of its numerous international offices , kain said .
you’ll now receive our newsletter that keeps you informed about our latest projects , people , thought leadership and relevant industry information . you can also follow us on our news page and on our social media channels : linkedin , twitter , facebook and instagram . at woods bagot , we value excellence in design and architecture , and welcome your feedback .
we have been working with the wtc perth client for several years looking at potential sites which could be capable of accommodating the wtc program of requirements for a major wtc facility . as the perth city grid has a finer grain than other cities with larger city blocks , this was a challenge . woods bagot assisted in identifying the current position as a potential site .
in 1914 he had joined woods , bagot jory & laybourne smith , one of adelaide ' s most influential architectural firms ; this became woods , bagot , laybourne smith & irwin in 1930 . always on the move , in his thirties he was often to be seen in khaki overalls on his motor - bike , rushing between home , classes and practice . his buildings include the australian mutual provident building which later became the city branch of the commercial bank of australia , the original student union buildings at the university of adelaide , the bonython jubilee building of the south australia institute of technology , the first major structure of the waite agricultural research institute , john martin ' s store and australian paper mills ' buildings at boyer , tasmania .
raised at the family properties of nurney house in north adelaide and forest lodge at aldgate , with regular visits to ayers house , the residence of his grandfather sir henry ayers on north terrace , bagot was exposed to his father’s love of gardening , botany , photography and the arts . he was educated at st . peter’s college and then served a four - year apprenticeship under adelaide architect edward woods before going to england in 1902 where he studied architecture at king’s college , university of london . upon graduation , he gained entry to the royal institute of british architects and , returning to adelaide in 1905 , established the firm of woods bagot . he also lectured in architectural history for five years at the south australian school of mines and industries . on 18th november 1908 he married josephine margaret barritt and they had three children .
the list might adhere to quantity over quality - the ranking system is based on a firm ' s number of employees - but woods bagot ' s position as the seventh - largest firm in the world places it in the company of aecom ( united states ) , nikken sekkei ( japan ) and dp architects ( singapore ) , and points to the firm ' s worldwide growth and impressive global project and client list .
bagot , w . h . , ' a plea for tradition ' in s . ure smith and b . stevens , eds . , domestic architecture in australia ( sydney : angus & robertson , 1919 ) .
architecture firm woods bagot recently completed the south australian health and medical research institute ( sahmri ) , a world - class research facility located in the heart of adelaide . clad in a striking , triangulated dia - grid facade , the building ' s
living skin
uses passive solar design that responds to the sun’s position . designed as part of a sustainability initiative , sahmri is on track to become australia ' s first leed gold certified laboratory building .
inspired by the skin of a pinecone , woods bagot created a responsive , spiky facade that adjusts to reduce the effects of heat load , sun glare , and wind while allowing high amounts of natural daylight to permeate through the building . the spiky , transparent facade also serves to showcase the building’s interior and enhance sweeping views out to the nearby parklands . elevated off the ground , the diamond - shaped building’s ground level opens out to the surrounding environment .
dean w . berry , ' bagot , walter hervey ( 1880–1963 ) ' , australian dictionary of biography , national centre of biography , australian national university , urltoken published first in hardcopy 1979 , accessed online 10 july 2018 .
sir james campbell irwin ( 1906 - 1990 ) , architect and lord mayor , was born on 23 june 1906 in north adelaide , eldest of four sons of australian - born parents francis james irwin , sharebroker , and his wife annabella margaret campbell , née mann . james was educated first at private north adelaide schools and then at the collegiate school of st peter ( 1918 - 23 ) . articled to the architect george soward in 1924 , he entered the south australian school of mines and industries . he joined the firm of woods , bagot jory & laybourne smith as a draughtsman in 1927 and next year was admitted as an associate of the south australian institute of architects . in 1930 he was made a partner and the firm became woods , bagot , laybourne smith & irwin . after co - winning the competition to design a new wing of adelaide children’s hospital , he married kathleen agnes orr on 23 november 1933 at st stephen’s presbyterian church , sydney .
as global director of woods bagot sport , meis will expand his los angeles - based team to include design and technical experts in new york , london and sydney . the new group will continue meis’s current projects including the new nfl stadium at grand crossing in los angeles and a 50 , 000 - seat , multi - use venue for the university of nevada las vegas . dan also is leading conceptual design efforts for a new stadium for soccer club as roma in rome , italy , and sports city stadium in doha , qatar , for the 2022 fifa world cup ( in association with aedas ) . +
many of his contemporaries described bagot not as an architect but as an artist , a classical scholar and a romantic . he would sweep into a meeting of the south australian institute of architects with a commanding presence , attired in a black tie , red - lined cloak and top - hat , the ‘perfect gentleman’ .
our clients include : amp capital , anmm , agnsw , architectus , armada , big , built , bvn , chenchow little , city of sydney council , collins & turner , cracknell lonergan , crone , dexus , durbach block jaggers , djrd , enevelope , fairfax , far east organization , fjmt , fender katsalidis , greenland group , grimshaw , group gsa , icon visual marketing , jack daniels , jpw , kerry hill , koichi takada , lend lease , macquarie university , mirvac , nettleton tribe , offshore studio , philippe mainzer , plus minus design , sanaa , seam fund , sissons , sissons , stephen collier , stockland , the royals , the star , toga , tzg , uts and woods bagot architects .
bagot was a passionate traveller in europe and italy and lectured on italian painting at the national gallery of south australia . in 1962 he was made a knight of the order of merit of the italian republic for his work with the australian - italian association . he was president of the south australian institute of architects in 1917 - 19 , and he was made a life fellow of the royal australian institute of architects on his retirement in 1960 .
from 1965 until his retirement in 1974 , irwin was senior partner of his firm . the ` biggest influence’ on his architectural thinking was his cousin leighton irwin , but bagot , le corbusier , charles a . platt , walter gropius , sir edwin lutyens and john nash contributed to his neo - georgianism and his practical and stylistic reticence . he also practised dutch modernism , touched neo - bauhaus principles obliquely , and embraced steel - frame functionalism , although he believed that in adelaide to enclose buildings with glass was ` the ultimate in stupidity’ .
in 1924 the adelaide city council had appointed him a referee under the building act , 1923 . bagot believed that the simplicity of italian domestic architecture and of english georgian offered the best models for south australia ' s mediterranean climate . he considered that buildings needed ' the caressing of trees to temper their hardness ' : the italianate garden of his summer home in the hills was planted with exotic conifers and he was a governor of the botanic garden and a commissioner of the national park , belair . a supporter of plans to beautify adelaide ' s park lands , he was a sponsor of the national trust of south australia .
bagot held that the simplicity of italian domestic architecture and of english georgian offered the best models for south australia and he preferred classical and traditional designs . he regarded the striving for novelty as one of the great dangers of modernism and had a particular distaste for ‘the glasshouses of the modern architect’ . he also believed that architecture had to work closely with nature : ‘architecture is at the mercy of its surroundings . no home is complete without a garden , if only as an intervening space to keep its neighbours at due distance ; but to set a house among green lawns and flowers without some co - ordinating idea , is scarcely more apposite than to exhibit a butterfly in a museum . ’
bagot ' s architectural preference was for classical and traditional designs : he saw ' the striving for novelty as one of the great dangers of modernism ' and came to hate ' the glasshouses of the modern architect ' . he was architect for st peter ' s cathedral in 1907 - 45 and for the roman catholic archdiocese in 1905 - 26 ; for the latter he designed the chapel of the convent of mercy and additions to st francis xavier ' s cathedral . as architect to the university of adelaide in 1910 - 45 he designed the bonython hall , completed in 1936 , and the georgian style barr - smith library and associated structures . as the university grew he battled for congruity in its buildings .
bagot was said to have had a facility for developing excellent relations with workmen engaged on his projects . in 1948 - 50 he was president of the adelaide club , of whose founders he wrote a history ( 1957 ) , and he belonged to the pioneers ' association of south australia . his wife described him as moving ' perfectly among the great ones ' ; the bagots were concerned to show that in adelaide ' some of us knew the way to do things as well as any citizen of the world ' . predeceased by his wife and survived by two daughters and a son , he died at north adelaide on 27 july 1963 . his estate was sworn for probate at £212 , 837 . a portrait by ivor hele is held by the family .
irwin succeeded walter bagot as the architect for st peter’s cathedral ( 1945 - 74 ) and filled the same role for st peter’s college . in 1957 his firm became co - ordinating architects to the university of adelaide , with irwin in charge . the second architect for the cottage homes inc . , he served on its committee from 1935 to 1975 . he was his firm’s main architect and supervisor for the anglican st laurence’s home for the aged ( 1951 - 63 ) . a member of the board of management of the home for incurables from 1935 , he was chairman of its building and grounds committee and the home’s president in 1967 - 81 . he designed the advertiser newspapers ltd building ( 1959 ) and was the architect for general motors - holden’s pty ltd at woodville and at elizabeth .
bagot and his wife were regular travellers to italy and other parts of europe , with walter often offering design advice to his colleagues in adelaide from italian hotels . his architectural and community leadership , and his interests in northern italian design and gardens , resulted in several appointments and honours . he was president of the south australian institute of architects from 1917 to 1919 , a commissioner of the national park at belair , a governor of the adelaide botanic garden , and a patron and founder of the australian - italian association of south australia . he was also president of the adelaide club from 1948 to 1950 and wrote a history of its founders . he was an enthusiastic supporter of plans to beautify adelaide’s parklands and in 1956 was one of the original sponsors of the national trust of south australia . on his retirement in 1960 he was made a life fellow of the royal australian institute of architects and in 1962 was created a cavaliere ( knight ) of the order of merit of the republic of italy .
the firm ' s current projects include the adelaide convention centre redevelopment , dubai design district masterplan and shenzhen hybrid city .
other australian firms to make the top 100 were hbo + emtb ( 43 ) , cox architecture ( 45 ) , the buchan group ( 60 ) thomsonadsett ( 95 ) and hayball ( 99 ) .
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with an open face and erect stance , irwin was regarded as ` a gentle gentleman’ ; later , to building contractors his insistence on standards made him a ` tough nut’ . his first independent designs included callendale , near lucindale ( 1933 ) , the elder , smith & co . ltd sheep - sales building ( 1933 ) and the merchandise pavilion ( 1937 ) at wayville show - grounds , adelaide , and city and suburban houses .
having been commissioned as a lieutenant in the militia in 1933 , irwin was promoted to captain in 1939 . on 6 may 1940 he transferred to the australian imperial force as a major and was posted to the 2 / 7th field regiment . he arrived in the middle east in december and was appointed brigade major , royal australian artillery , 9th division , in june 1941 . five months later he became general staff officer , 2nd grade ( operations ) , at 9th division headquarters . he returned to australia in february 1943 . made gso1 of the 11th division and promoted to lieutenant colonel in july , he flew to papua , where the division trained before operating in the ramu valley , new guinea . he was appointed obe in 1945 . from may 1944 he instructed at the staff school ( australia ) . in march 1945 he was appointed gso1 ( combined operations ) , advanced land headquarters , morotai , netherlands east indies . he served in manila in may - september . his aif appointment terminated in adelaide on 7 january 1946 .
president ( 1956 - 58 ) of the south australian institute of architects , irwin was a fellow ( 1940 ) , federal president ( 1962 - 63 ) and life fellow ( 1970 ) of the royal australian institute of architects . he became a fellow of the royal institute of british architects ( 1956 ) , the ( royal ) australian planning institute ( 1957 ) , the royal society of arts , london ( 1960 ) , and the institute of directors in australia ( 1965 ) . in 1964 - 70 he served on the national capital planning committee . after his retirement he was made an honorary member of the master builders’ association of south australia .
irwin was an adelaide city councillor ( 1935 - 40 , 1949 - 53 ) , alderman ( 1953 - 63 , 1966 - 72 ) and lord mayor ( 1963 - 66 ) . he formed ( 1963 ) the lord mayor’s cultural committee , from which the festival theatre evolved , and served the adelaide festival of arts as president ( 1964 - 66 ) , chairman of the board of governors ( 1969 - 73 ) and board member ( 1967 - 68 , 1974 - 78 ) . he was president of the south australian branch of toc h ( 1952 - 55 , 1985 - 88 ) , the council of the south australian school of art ( 1966 - 72 ) , the adelaide international film festival ( 1968 - 71 ) and the pioneers’ association of south australia ( 1968 - 73 ) , and founding chairman ( 1981 - 86 ) of the co - op foundation . his precision and integrity brought commendation in both his architectural and civic activities . he was knighted in 1971 .
sir james died on 22 june 1990 in adelaide and was cremated with anglican rites . pre - deceased by his wife ( 1989 ) and daughter ( 1990 ) , he was survived by his son , jamie ( 1937 - 2005 ) , who became president ( 1997 - 2002 ) of the legislative council . sir ivor hele’s portrait of irwin is held by the family .
taped reminiscences by j . c . irwin ( typescript , 1978 , adelaide city council archives )
j . gasper , interview with j . c . irwin ( typescript , 1980 , state library of south australia )
bridget jolly , ' irwin , sir james campbell ( 1906–1990 ) ' , australian dictionary of biography , national centre of biography , australian national university , urltoken published first in hardcopy 2007 , accessed online 10 july 2018 .
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inside , sahmri is defined by two atria that help maximize the flow of natural light and encourage collaboration between researchers . an interconnecting spiral stair strengthens both visual and physical connectivity throughout the building and the creation of ‘flower columns’ reduced the number of required support columns . with nine fully flexible wet and dry laboratory modules , the flagship health and medical center will be able to house up to 700 researchers .
louis laybourne smith ( 1880 - 1965 ) , architect , was born on 1 april 1880 at unley , adelaide , son of joseph laybourne smith , chemist , and his wife annie rosalie , née thomas . his primary and secondary schooling was at whinham and way colleges , and he then went to western australia . in 1898 he began studying mechanical engineering at the south australian school of mines and industries ( associate diploma 1902 ) , but he preferred architecture and entered the office of edward davies , architect , in 1901 . on 9 april 1903 he married davies ' s daughter , frances maude . he obtained the degree of bachelor of science from the university of adelaide in 1911 ( surrendered for bachelor of engineering in 1914 ) . from 1904 laybourne smith was an associate of the south australian institute of architects . he lectured at the school of mines from 1903 and became registrar in 1905 ; next year he established there , and headed , a department of architecture with a three - year course leading to an associate diploma . although he retired as registrar in 1914 , he still ran the department part time until 1951 .
laybourne smith was a council - member of the south australian institute of architects in 1909 - 59 and its president in 1921 - 23 and 1935 - 37 . he was president of the federal council of the australian institute of architects ( 1937 - 39 ) . this body awarded him a life fellowship in 1944 and its highest award , the gold medal , in 1961 ; at the presentation ceremony he appealed for a better public appreciation of contemporary architecture . he was also on the south australian board of architectural education and was a referee for the adelaide city council in building disputes . he had contributed materially to the south australian building act , 1923 . a leader in the move for the registration of architects in south australia , he framed the architects act ( 1939 ) . he sat on the state ' s registration board of architects . in 1948 he was appointed c . m . g .
in the office , where he consistently overworked , laybourne smith was a dynamic figure with a penetrating voice . by contrast his designs were sketched in tiny , neat detail ; basically he remained an engineer . in 1960 , a few weeks after his eightieth birthday , he set off with his wife for a tour of europe . two years later his old department at the school of mines was named after him . on 13 september 1965 he died while working in his office . he was survived by his wife , three daughters and a son gordon , also an architect . a bronze bust of laybourne smith , by the sculptor john dowie , is held by the south australian chapter of the r . a . i . a . and a head by rayner hoff is with his old firm .
j . c . irwin , ' smith , louis laybourne ( 1880–1965 ) ' , australian dictionary of biography , national centre of biography , australian national university , urltoken published first in hardcopy 1988 , accessed online 10 july 2018 .
based on the results of public survey , the aj100 awards recognise the achievements of the largest 100 architectural practices in the uk . the ‘international practice’ award is one of the rare categories that is presented at the discretion of the jury .
“with qstp , it was important to qatar that they show the rest of the world a different way of doing things , ” explained alf seeling , design director and concept master planner on qstp . “qatar wanted to announce that this would be the new benchmark for a science park . [ the finished project ] needed to belong to this region and this country . ”
construction of abu dhabi ' s $ 1 . 2bn al ain hospital 66 % complete
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check out the recently revealed design concept for south australian health and medical research institute , samhri 2 in the virtual reality video below . expected to be completed in 2021 , this building will be home to one of the most technologically advanced precision radiation therapy centers in the southern hemisphere .
this mixed - use project redevelops a long - neglected site in the southwest corner of soho , london . the plan keeps the neighborhood ' s historical standing as a haven for the service - industry and a traditionally bohemian population in mind while including a hotel , residences , and commercial spaces .
short lane recently received an award from the australian institute of architects nsw country division for residential architecture in multiple housing . read more about this project below . urltoken
curbed named 108 chambers as one of the 15 new developments that will transform tribeca , manhattan . the 10 - story building is being developed with greystone development and has already secured two retail tenants . see more below .
he was the architect for work on st . peter’s cathedral from 1907 to 1945 and for the roman catholic archdiocese from 1905 to 1926 , being responsible for the chapel of the convent of mercy and the additions to st . francis xavier’s cathedral . as architect to the university of adelaide from 1910 to 1945 , he designed the bonython hall ( completed in 1936 ) and the barr smith library ( constructed in 1931 - 32 ) . he had a reputation for developing excellent relations with the workmen engaged on his projects .
he died at north adelaide on 27th july 1963 and was buried at north road cemetery .
this entry was first published in s . a . ’s greats : the men and women of the north terrace plaques , edited by john healey ( adelaide : historical society of south australia inc . , 2001 ) .
page , m . , sculptors in space : south australian architects 1836 - 1986 ( adelaide : royal australian institute of architects ( s . a . chapter ) , 1986 ) .
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“in china , developers have money , land and a basic idea of what they want , but they need the architects to give them the ideas , ” says marriott . at present , a rapid return on the investment is at the top of most developer’s agendas , and is the reason there are so many untailored products on the market – undesirable developments where elderly couples live alongside young professionals and apartments that have been converted to offices . this will change , however . “as the market becomes more competitive , less will be left to chance , and there will be a need for a more science - based approach to projects through things like feasibility studies , ” says marriott . – december 25 , 2007
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greystone development is tackling its first project in long island city , queens . the real estate inve . . .