a data infrastructure is a digital infrastructure promoting data sharing and consumption .

similarly to other infrastructures , it is a structure needed for the operation of a society as well as the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function , the data economy in this case .

data infrastructure

what you and others generically refer to as infrastructure or the data center may , in fact , be the data infrastructure .
cisco prime infrastructure 3 . 2 administrator guide - data collection and background tasks [ cisco prime infrastructure ] - cisco
cisco prime infrastructure 3 . 0 administrator guide - managing data and collection retention [ cisco prime infrastructure ] - cisco
data is becoming essential to daily life , and having a proper data infrastructure helps in collecting insights from data in a better way . a data infrastructure is a collection of data assets , the bodies that maintain them and guides that explain how to use the collected data . a data infrastructure is the proper amalgamation of organization , technology and processes .
system health records : this includes most data shown on prime infrastructure administrator dashboards .
the edison project : building the data scientist profession and coordinating education and training for data and e - infrastructure .
privacy of data is an important aspect , and thus the data assets in a data infrastructure could either be in the open part or in the shared form . data can create maximum value if it has an open data infrastructure . however , if the contents are critical , data protection is required .
– system health records : this includes most data shown on prime infrastructure administrator dashboards .
for device and interface performance data , prime infrastructure uses the values specified in the fields under device health data retain periods .
the e - infrastructure advisory group identified a pressing need for guidance and dialogue on “big data
.
prime infrastructure supports data migration from cisco prime lan management solution ( lms ) version 4 . 2 . 5 on all platforms . the following lms data can be imported into prime infrastructure using the car cli :
exit your cli session , log back in to the prime infrastructure user interface , and verify that your lms data was imported properly . the following table shows where to look in prime infrastructure for the imported lms data .
whether you realize it or not , you may already be using , rely upon , affiliated with , support or otherwise involved with data infrastructures . granted what you or others generically refer to as infrastructure or the data center may , in fact , be the data infrastructure .
step 5 exit your cli session , log back in to the prime infrastructure user interface , and verify that your lms data was imported properly . the following table shows where to look in prime infrastructure for the imported lms data .
in order to get going with big data and turn it into insights and business value , it’s likely you’ll need to make investments in the following key infrastructure elements : data collection , data storage , data analysis , and data visualization / output . let’s look at each area in turn .
prime infrastructure stores all data it receives about network elements and protocols , including any duplicate data that it may receive from multiple sources . when you specify authoritative data sources , only the data from the specified sources is displayed when you view a particular location or site .
to address the above challenges , it became clear that 2017 would be the year we’d double down on our data infrastructure investment .
administrators can use the “other data retention criteria” section of the data retention page to configure retention periods for specific prime infrastructure database tables . you specify the retention period using the following attributes :
non - aggregated historical data—numeric data that cannot be gathered as a whole or aggregated . client association history is one example of non - aggregated historical data .
lets you schedule automatic prime infrastructure server backups . the backups created are application backups .
in the course of a few months , we established more robust and stable data infrastructure . to complete the entire picture , we needed :
machine learning infrastructure : many products at airbnb rely on machine learning ( ml ) to achieve their goals . a common infrastructure for ml can save significant development time for the company .
check box to allow prime infrastructure to enable syslog and trap notifications on newly added devices .
step 2 in repository path , specify the report repository path on the prime infrastructure server .
aggregated historical data—numeric data that can be gathered as a whole and summarized as minimums , maximums , or averages . client count is one example of aggregated historical data .
1 . non - aggregated historical data—numeric data that cannot be gathered as a whole or aggregated . client association history is one example of non - aggregated historical data .
real - time streaming infrastructure : to enable teams to move quickly , getting accurate data with minimal delay is a core focus in di . currently , we are building out spark - based infrastructure to allow for easy development of streaming applications .
data on client session histories . you can also specify the maximum number of session entries to keep , specified as rows in the prime infrastructure database .
open a cli session with the prime infrastructure server ( see how to connect via cli ) .
two related terms deserve mention . critical infrastructure refers to those infrastructure assets critical to the functioning of society . while this traditionally has referred to infrastructure dealing with necessities such as the water supply , electricity , transportation , and food supply , the federal government now includes information technology in critical infrastructure , both in terms of the organizations that supply it and the organizations that use it . 1
prime infrastructure performs scheduled data collection jobs on a regular basis . you can change each job’s schedule , pause or resume it , or execute it immediately .
repeat this step as needed for each location and application data type for which you want to specify authoritative data source .
2 . aggregated historical data—numeric data that can be gathered as a whole and summarized as minimums , maximums , or averages . client count is one example of aggregated historical data .
all data collection tasks ( and data purging tasks ) are controlled from the jobs dashboard . see manage jobs using the jobs dashboard . data collection jobs are listed under system jobs .
disabling or limiting these background data collection jobs can have a direct impact on how you use prime infrastructure , especially for reporting . to help you consider these impacts , take note of the reports this data is used in .
check box to allow prime infrastructure to collect inventory when it receives a syslog event for a device .
create linkdown event—select this check box to have prime infrastructure generate alarms for both access and trunk ports .
department of homeland security , national infrastructure protection plan : partnering to enhance protection and resiliency , 2009 .
you can read about how we ' re using performance analysis and data science in government on the cross - government data blog .
the data deduplication page allows you to specify one or more authoritative data sources at a specific location . for example , if you have a network analysis module ( nam ) at a branch office as well as netflow data that is sent from the same branch , you can choose to have prime infrastructure display only the nam or the netflow data for that location .
prime infrastructure performs scheduled data collection jobs in the background on a regular basis . you can change each job’s schedule , pause or resume it , or execute it immediately .
step 2 select the enable data deduplication checkbox and click apply . the data deduplication page displays the list of your defined location groups .
establish a coordination framework between data infrastructures and related projects , as well as key industry partners with respect to the data scientist profession .
this source data containing user activity event data and dimensional snapshots is then sent into the gold cluster where we store the data and begin running our extraction , transform and load jobs . in this step , we apply business logic , make summary tables , and perform data quality checks .
if the device ( s ) you select has configuration changes and prime infrastructure detects that the change is one of the specified commands in the exclude list , prime infrastructure will not create an archived version of the configuration with this change .
from the drop - down list , select the data sources you want to specify as authoritative for that location and application data type . then click
there are different infrastructure layers about information technology ( it ) from higher - level business systems ( e . g . business infrastructure ) , along with applications and environments for those who support and create them ( e . g . information infrastructures ) . then there are the data infrastructures along with lower level physical facilities or real data centers also known as habitats for technology . the physical facilities can , in turn , rely on external electrical power , network communications , and other infrastructure resources or services .
. if it can identify them , prime infrastructure will fill in the address of an authoritative source in the list box under the column listing sources for each of the classes of application data .
the inventory page allows you to specify if prime infrastructure must collect inventory when a syslog event is received for a device .
with backup device configuration enabled , prime infrastructure automatically backs up all device running and startup configurations before deploying new configuration templates .
interval—enter the interval , in days , between each automatic prime infrastructure backup . the valid range is 1 to 7 days .
step 2 open a cli session with the prime infrastructure server ( see “connecting via cli” in related topics , below ) .
many research questions involve the analysis and interpretation of big data - sets . handling and analysing “big data” is the largest software challenge facing research consortia .
changes you make on the data retention page determine the information that is displayed in the web gui . you can open the data retention page by choosing
for the foundational layer of our data infrastructure , we required a tool to “stitch” all our production data together . the solution could have been a consolidated database or a federated querying engine with access to various sources of production data . given the nature of our initial needs ( i . e . analytical data could be latent ) , we agreed to first take the traditional etl approach and focus on creating stable batch snapshots of our data . in the end , we chose presto as our query engine to provide federated access to numerous data sources , as we saw several advantages :
thus , in 2017 , we started a significant push to building out our data infrastructure . what that meant depended on the demand we received both internally and externally , which we identified as the following :
the framework laid out here provides background to enhance understanding of the types of infrastructure projects , present capabilities , analyze benefits and risks , develop a cost model , and , by comparing alternatives , develop the value proposition for infrastructure projects for presentation to decision makers .
creative engineers and data scientists building a world where you can belong anywhere . urltoken
step 1 choose administration > settings > system settings > general > data retention .
data collection jobs run on a regular default schedule , as described in the related topic “about data collection jobs” . you can re - schedule them as needed .
repeat—enter the number of times that you want the data collection to be repeated .
disabling or limiting these system jobs can have a direct impact on how you use prime infrastructure , especially for reporting . to help you consider these impacts , take note of the reports this data is used in .
personal data is data that can be used to identify an individual . this could be their name , address , date or country of birth , bank details or national insurance number . the way personal data is used and stored is protected by …
c . from the drop - down list , select the data sources you want to specify as authoritative for that location and application data type . then click ok .
involve multiple stakeholders ( including projects ) in discussions about the competences and skills required for data infrastructures taking the proposed edison data science competence framework as a starting point .
with a little technical knowledge , you can set many of these systems up yourself , or you can partner with a data company to set up the systems and capture the data on your behalf . accessing external data sources , such as social media sites , may require little or no infrastructure changes on your part , since you’re accessing data that someone else is capturing and managing . if you’ve got a computer and an internet connection , you’re pretty much good to go .
however , let’s get back to our focus which will be in and around the data infrastructure that spans from on - premise to cloud . as a refresh or to provide context , data infrastructures are the collection of hardware and software , from legacy physical to software - defined virtual , containers , cloud .
the data infrastructure team has done a lot of work lately to improve the way we talk about our products and services . one of the ways we’ve done this is by defining the terms we use to describe the things …
let’s wrap up for now , and put it all back together in that data infrastructures are what exist in data centers and physical facilities . data infrastructures can be small all in one hyper - converged infrastructures ( hci ) or converged appliances in smaller environments .
: specifies the maximum data retention period in hours for all records in the database .
you can pause any scheduled data collection job , and resume it if already paused .
the following topics explain how to achieve these goals and perform related data management tasks .
you can also specify data retention for individual database tables , using maximum age and record attributes . for details , see “specifying data retention by database table” in related topics .
establishing a data refresh schedule that’s consistent with business needs , timing , and cycles .
of course , there will be the buzzword bingo topics such as aws , ai , analytics and automation , big data ( and little data ) along with bleached data ( e . g . wipe or secure erase ) . there are also containers and cloud , data protection and data footprint reduction ( dfr ) , energy and economics as well as efficiency ( utilization or space savings ) along with effectiveness ( productivity and performance ) .
the teams working on data infrastructure at gds have just completed three discoveries . we’ve walked away with some great products , but also some good learning about what does and doesn’t work when doing discovery . scope the brief discovery is …
when you choose administration > settings > system settings > general > data retention , you can modify the retention periods for performance data under performance data retain periods . the performance retention values you specify determine the information that is displayed in performance reports and performance dashboards .
step 3 select the enable syslog and traps on device check box to allow prime infrastructure to enable syslog and trap notifications on newly added devices .
although infrastructure projects aren’t intended to change user functionality , user productivity often decreases during the learning curve as users get used to the new elements .
limiting the amount of data retained can help improve performance and disk storage characteristics . however , for the best interactive graph data views , cisco recommends that keep the default values .
step 2 select the enable event based inventory collection check box to allow prime infrastructure to collect inventory when it receives a syslog event for a device .
data workflow management : started at airbnb , airflow is a system that enables users to schedule data - related workflows with a code - as - configuration model and web front end .
select the category of data collection job you want to run ( e . g . ,
step 2 expand the data category for which you want to specify retention - period values .
this is where the data arrives at your company . it includes everything from your sales records , customer database , feedback , social media channels , marketing lists , email archives and any data gleaned from monitoring or measuring aspects of your operations . you may already have the data you need , but chances are you need to source some or all of the data required .
during the gartner data center , infrastructure & operations management conference in las vegas , david cappuccio , vice president and distinguished analyst at gartner , says that these technology trends that impact i & o fall under three areas — strategic , tactical and organizational .
likewise , data infrastructures can be rack - scale in larger environments all the way up to larger enterprise and cloud service providers . the key is that data infrastructures exist to enable , protect , preserve , secure and serve applications that transform data into information . combined information infrastructures and data infrastructures along with their underlying infrastructures as well as applications they support can be considered information factories .
generally speaking , people tend to refer to infrastructure as those things that support what they are doing at work , at home , or in other aspects of their lives . for example , the roads and bridges that carry you over rivers or valleys when traveling in a vehicle are referred to as infrastructure . this is also the situation with it systems and services where , depending on where you sit or use various services , anything below what you do may be considered infrastructure .
justifying an infrastructure project means presenting the value proposition . although cost reduction is often the justification for infrastructure investments , other goals are also involved , such as improved capability or risk reduction . infrastructure projects will compete with all the other demands on the it budget , however , and sometimes suffer in comparisons because benefits and risks are thought to be difficult to explain or quantify . a value analysis can be helpful in this regard and need not be costly or difficult to develop .
performance : this includes assurance data such a traffic statistics , application metrics , and voice metrics .
page to define aggregated data retention periods . aggregation types include hourly , daily , and weekly .
as presto handles all data manipulation in memory , there is limited “temporary storage” on disk needed .
presto connector . it’s easy to setup connection to presto . since we have already consolidated all data storages with presto + hive , connection with presto means we can query any data with airflow .
validating the data accuracy and consistency during the extract / transform / load ( etl ) process .
planning for the user training and support needed to learn how to use tools and access data .
prime infrastructure provides configuration archive support for devices running cisco wlc software . the configuration archive includes only startup configurations . the running configurations are excluded from configuration archive .
the answers to these questions can help an organization decide what and how much maintenance is appropriate , which provides the basis for a cost model for infrastructure maintenance .
save as prime infrastructure events routine client association and disassociation traps and syslogs . this option is disabled by default , to avoid prime infrastructure performance problems on large networks during periods ( such as network setup ) when these kinds of traps and syslogs may be numerous . you may want to enable this option at all other times .
we leverage existing open source technologies like kafka , hadoop , hive , presto , spark , and also write our own . many projects listed below have been open sourced . as a member of our team you would spend time designing and growing our existing infrastructure , democratizing data access at the company , and promoting the correct use of data and analytics at the company .
select the category of data collection job you want to re - schedule ( e . g . ,
select the category of data collection job you want to pause or resume ( e . g . ,
– performance : this includes assurance data such a traffic statistics , application metrics , and voice metrics .
this is where you keep your data once it is gathered from your sources . as the volume of data generated and stored by companies has exploded , sophisticated but accessible systems and tools have been developed to help with this task . the main storage options include : a traditional data warehouse ; a data lake ; a distributed / cloud - based storage system ; and your company server or a computer hard disk .
then there are fast software , servers , storage and networks including flash ssd , google , health check tools , intel and iot / iod data infrastructure demands . needless to say there are many other related items as well as industry activities we will have opportunities to discuss .
step 3 to automatically detect authoritative sources at all locations , click auto - detect . if it can identify them , prime infrastructure will fill in the address of an authoritative source in the list box under the column listing sources for each of the classes of application data .
enabled , prime infrastructure automatically rolls back each device to its last archived running and startup configurations when any attempt to deploy a new configuration template to the device has failed .
joining across stores was difficult to impossible . since some data resided in mysql and other data resided in mongodb , complex reports often required a federated query , something that wasn’t easily manageable given the above architecture .
other promising opportunities for the use of linked open data are related to temporal information and information about geographic place - based data . i am excited to report on two efforts imls is supporting in these areas .
checkr is a cloud - based company , so to no surprise , a lot of our data is stored in the cloud , specifically on aws . with that , we wanted a cost effective way to store large chunks of data for data analysis and s3 was the obvious choice . while many traditional data warehouse solutions use distributed file systems such as hdfs , our presto + hive approach integrated particularly well with s3 , because
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snmp - polled device data such as device reachability , and utilization for cpu , memory , and interfaces .
schedules data collection based on specified command - line interface ( cli ) commands at a configured time interval .
planning for a user - friendly , powerful desktop query tool for users to access data without it assistance .
look to the open source world : there are a lot of good resources for data infrastructure in the open source community and we try to adopt those systems . furthermore , if we build something useful ourselves and it is feasible to give it back to the community , we reciprocate .
time of day—enter the time of the day that you want prime infrastructure server backups to be taken . use 24 - hour format ( for example , 13 : 49 ) .
save all 802 . 1x and 802 . 11 client authentication - failure traps as prime infrastructure events . this option is disabled by default , to avoid prime infrastructure performance problems on large networks during periods ( such as network setup ) when these kinds of traps and syslogs may be numerous . you may want to enable this option if your network is stable .
a data warehouse is a solution that brings together information from diverse sources and puts it in a format that stakeholders can easily access when making complex business decisions . a data warehouse supports a company’s tactical and strategic goals .
age ( in hours ) : specifies the maximum data retention period in hours for all records in the database .
if you specify these settings , all data displayed in performance reports and performance dashboards data will be for the previous 7 days only . when you generate a performance report ( for example , reports > reports > report launch pad > device > device health ) , even if you select a reporting period longer than the last 7 days , the report contains data from the last 7 days only because that is all the data you’ve selected to retain .
data warehouses are useful for trend analysis , forecasting , competitive analysis , and targeted market research . data is often summarized by specific subject area , function , department , geographic region , time period , or all of these .
the maximum number of thread pools to devote to the archive operation . increasing the default can be helpful with prime infrastructure performance during archiving of changes involving more than 1 , 000 devices .
with rollback configuration enabled , prime infrastructure automatically rolls back each device to its last archived running and startup configurations when any attempt to deploy a new configuration template to the device has failed .
as organizations strive to align it and operational technology to drive digital business innovations , infrastructure & operations ( i & o ) leaders should focus on 10 key technology trends to support these initiatives .
on the registers team , we are building a product that provides teams with data that is good enough to build services on . registers are defined by certain characteristics such as being live data and being the only authoritative list for a …
lets you schedule data collection based on specified command - line interface ( cli ) commands at a configured time interval .
interval—enter the interval , in days , between each device data collection . the valid range is 1 to 360 days .
the internet of things ( iot ) will change how future data centers are designed and managed and how they evolve as massive volumes of devices stream data , constantly or periodically , to enterprises , government departments and agencies around the world . i & o should use an iot architect who looks at the long term strategy for both iot and the data center .
last year the data leaders network proposed that education should be one of the five areas we should focus on in developing the first tranche of registers . school - related data in particular is widely used , by a large and varied number …
device - related historical information . trend data is gathered as a whole and summarized as minimums , maximums , or averages .
in this blog post , you’ll see an overview of how we established a stable data infrastructure to fuel our growth in the matter of a few months . in the near future , we’ll release more blog posts to highlight key components of this architecture . we hope our insights can be useful for companies facing similar challenges at scale .
interactive dimensional analysis : data scientists have a strong need to query data and compute aggregates on various dimensional cuts . to address this , we are building a query tool based on druid to allow users to interactively slice - and - dice large datasets .
if you specify these settings , all data displayed in performance reports and on performance dashboards will be for the previous 7 days only . when you generate a performance report , even if you select a reporting period longer than the last 7 days , the report will contain data from the last 7 days only ( because that is all of the data you selected to retain ) .
at airbnb we promote a data informed culture and use data as a key input for making decisions . tracking metrics , validating hypotheses through experimentation , building machine learning models , and mining for deep business insights are all critical to our moving fast and moving smart .
administrators can choose to have device configurations backed up or rolled back whenever prime infrastructure users deploy new device configuration templates . they can also control how cisco wlc configurations are archived , as explained in the following related topics .
the following table describes the background tasks prime infrastructure performs . you can manage how and when they are performed by choosing administration > settings > system settings > background tasks , then clicking the hypertext link for that task .
ribes , david , and thomas finholt .
the long now of technology infrastructure : articulating tensions in development .
journal of the association for information systems 10 , no . 5 ( may 2009 ) : 374–398 .
objective of the workshop the workshop will allow edison to take stock of the main initiatives and projects in the digital infrastructure ecosystem and map their contributions to the definition of an ambitious european framework for developing skills and competences .
unlock the potential of your data . how well are you harnessing information to improve business outcomes ? a new cio playbook will help .
edison is a 2 - year project ( started september 2015 ) with the purpose of accelerating the creation of the data science profession .
acknowledgements : checkr data infrastructure was built in collaboration with kurt ruppel , stewart park , grace lee , kevin woods and the rest of the customer report and money team . kurt ruppel , and michelle berry gave valuable edits to this post . additionally , many engineers and product managers across the company provided feedback . huge appreciation to everyone involved in the project !
with infrastructure projects , the changes often affect stakeholders , external customers , or suppliers . business analysts are involved to manage requirements and expectations of these changes among all project stakeholders . here are some things to keep in mind :
data sets are being constantly generated from experiments , computer simulation / modelling , the internet ( including social media ) , and mobile devices .
important issues need to be addressed on ownership , curation and management , analysis and interpretation , standardisation and usability , anonymisation and data protection .
data on disassociated clients . the default is seven days , and this applies irrespective of whether the clients will ever attempt to associate again .
similarly , if you view a performance dashboard ( for example , dashboard > overview > general > service assurance ) and select a time frame longer than one week , the dashboard contains data from the last 7 days only because that is all the data you’ve selected to retain .
as it evolves to adopt these trends , some new positions will be required within the ranks of infrastructure and operations . first and foremost will be the it cloud broker , responsible for monitoring / management of multiple cloud service providers .
the section is categorized into multiple subsections . each subsection list each database table name , along with the current age and max records used to determine whether an individual record in the table will be retained or discarded . the page also lists the table age attribute used to compute the age of the data in the table . the optical devices category is not applicable for prime infrastructure .
the retention periods for these aggregation types are defined as default , minimum , and maximum ( see the table below ) . use the administration > settings > system settings > general > data retention page to define aggregated data retention periods . aggregation types include hourly , daily , and weekly .
since we configured a large memory footprint for our presto cluster , disk io to s3 is limited as a large amount of data is cached .
it’s worth noting that there are also limitations with this approach , as the presto cluster needs to have enough memory to hold all data in - memory for any given query . while there are some possible optimizations available — including splitting up data into separate queries - , those approaches can be tedious to implement . by keeping data on s3 , we achieved high reliability and were also able to keep multiple snapshots with relatively low cost .
data center interconnection fabric is poised to deliver on the promise of the data center as software - defined , dynamic and distributed . the ability to monitor , manage and distribute workloads dynamically , or to rapidly provision lan and wan services through an api , opens up a range of possibilities .
it leaders need to create a data center as a service ( dcaas ) model , where the role of it and the data center is to deliver the right service , at the right pace , from the right provider , at the right price . it becomes a broker of services .
next will be the iot architect , tasked with understanding the potential impact of multiple iot systems on data centers . this architect will also be working with business units to insure their closed loop iot solutions are either compatible with the central iot architecture or that common protocols and data structures are used .
global digital data expanded from 130 exabytes in 2005 to 1 , 227 exabytes in 2010 with a predicted rise to 7 , 910 exabytes by 2015 .
identifying what information the data warehouse must contain , identifying who should have access to it , and making sure users have the right level of access .
by storing all our hdfs data in mounted ebs ( elastic block storage ) volumes , we were sending lots of data over the public amazon ec2 network in order to run queries . hadoop was built for commodity hardware and expects local reads and writes on spinning disks , so this was a design mismatch .
step 2 select the category of data collection job you want to run ( e . g . , inventory , wireless poller , or wireless system ) .
to be clear , many companies use mesos to great effect and implement novel solutions to administer large sets of machines running important infrastructure . but , our small team decided running a more standard , ubiquitous deployment would reduce the time we spent on operations and debugging .
as mentioned in the earlier section , one motivation for building this infrastructure was to provide analytics to our customers . we’re lucky enough to be in a world with many mature analytics providers . we picked chartio as our analytics provider , primarily for the following reasons :
with all the etl pieces in place , we need to open up our dataset for data scientists and analysts , so we can extract values out of it .
you can also tell prime infrastructure to ignore for archive purposes any change that involves specified commands on devices of a given family , type , or model . this is useful when you want to ignore insignificant or routine changes in a few parameters on one or many devices .
device health : this includes snmp polled data for wired and wireless devices , such as device availability , and cpu , memory , and interface utilization , and qos .
step 2 select the category of data collection job you want to re - schedule ( e . g . , inventory , wireless poller , or wireless system ) .
step 2 select the category of data collection job you want to pause or resume ( e . g . , inventory , wireless poller , or wireless system ) .
infrastructure projects are internal technical upgrades that impact systems , hardware , platforms , or tools in order to improve the technology that supports the business and the information technology ( it ) efforts . typically , these projects are called it projects because they’re driven and sponsored by it departments .
. by default , the retention period for all non - aggregated historical data is 31 days or 1 million records . this retention period can be increased to 365 days .
– device health : this includes snmp polled data for wired and wireless devices , such as device availability , and cpu , memory , and interface utilization , and qos .
we intentionally skipped some other popular data infrastructure solutions , such as hadoop or redshift . hadoop requires a high level of maintenance , and as we currently aren’t concerned about operating at petabyte scale , it was a non - starter . we also elected presto over redshift because a ) we’d identified it as a potentially expensive solution for our use - case and b ) we didn’t want to maintain and update our schema ( covered in the next section ) .
digital data can be stored , shared , searched , combined and duplicated with extraordinary speed at comparatively low cost . importantly , it is accompanied by large amounts of highly descriptive metadata .
you can define a retention period ( and other settings ) for each non - aggregated data collection task . for example , you can define the retention period for client association history in
stranded capacity – things that are paid for , but not really used – can be found both in on - premise data centers and in the cloud . it leaders should learn to focus not just on uptime and availability , but also on capacity , utilization and density . fixing this can extend the life of an existing data center and reduce operating expenditures from providers .
big thanks to the team of engineers who built the original foundation of data infrastructure at airbnb and to the folks who have been steadily working to improve and stabilize the systems . i was happy to write this blog post but the real credit goes to nick barrow - williams , greg brandt , dan davydov , wensheng hua , swaroop jagadish , andy kramolisch , kevin long , jingwei lu , will moss , krishna puttaswamy , liyin tang , paul yang , hongbo zeng , and jason zhang .
this year we undertook a significant migration to go from a poorly architected set of clusters called “pinky and brain” and onto the “gold and silver” system described above . to set some context for scale , two years ago we moved from amazon emr onto a set of ec2 instances running hdfs with 300 terabytes of data . today , we have two separate hdfs clusters with 11 petabytes of data and we also store multiple petabytes of data in s3 on top of that . with that background , here were the major problem areas and what we did to resolve them :
in addition to the steps below , you can run a job immediately by rescheduling it and selecting the time to execute as “now” ( see “scheduling data collection jobs” in related topics ) .
ratings can be established in various ways , ranging from subjective opinions of people knowledgeable about the system to detailed technical analyses performed by outside consultants . once individual measures have been assessed , the infrastructure system or component can be given an overall rating or
health check score
depending on the decisions to be made :
leave some headroom : we oversubscribe resources to our clusters in order to foster a culture of unbounded exploration . it is easy for infrastructure teams to get wrapped up in the excitement of maximizing resources too early , but our hypothesis is that a single new business opportunity found in the warehouse will more than offset those extra machines .
cisco recommends you do not change the retention periods for trend , device health , system health , and performance data because the default settings are optimized to get the most helpful information from interactive graphs .
click the drop - down list box under the class of application data for which you want to specify an authoritative source ( for example : click in the list box under “application response time” ) .
you can define a retention period ( and other settings ) for each non - aggregated data collection task . for example , you can define the retention period for client association history in administration > settings > system settings > client . by default , the retention period for all non - aggregated historical data is 31 days or 1 million records . this retention period can be increased to 365 days .
in the beginning , we implemented some quick and dirty tools to enable infrequent querying of data . our solution was by no means scalable , but it was sufficient to answer some key business questions .
some early airbnb engineers had a keen interest in a piece of infrastructure called mesos , which sets out to deploy a single configuration across many servers . we built a single cluster of c3 . 8xlarge machines in aws each backed by 3tb of ebs and ran all hadoop , hive , presto , chronos , and marathon on mesos .
data are organized around the concept of project with the project id being the key linking the project to related operational datasets such as contract awards , loans / credits / grants , trust funds , etc .
together these six projects illustrate how libraries are working together to develop strategies to leverage linked open data technology as a means to better integrate their work to provide content and services to users across the country .
we had been running a federated hdfs cluster with pinky and brain where the data was held in shared physical block pools but the sets of mappers and reducers were isolated per logical cluster . this led to an awesome end user experience where any piece of data could be accessed by either pinky queries or brain queries , but unfortunately we found that federation was not widely supported and was considered experimental and unreliable by experts .
b . click the drop - down list box under the class of application data for which you want to specify an authoritative source ( for example : click in the list box under “application response time” ) .
time of day—enter the time of the day that you want the data cleanup to happen . the valid format is hh : mm am | pm . for example , 12 : 49 am . default : enabled .
make sure it can scale : we have found that data doesn’t grow linearly with the business , but grows superlinearly as technical employees begin building new products and logging new activities on top of the growth of the business .
prefer standard components and methods : there are times when it makes sense to invent a completely new piece of infrastructure , but often times this is not a good use of resources . having intuition about when to build a unique solution and when to adopt an existing solution is important , and that intuition must properly account for the hidden costs of maintenance and support .
enabling data scientists and machine learning engineers beyond the above , looking forward , a key differentiator between checkr and other background check services is our keen focus on automation , something we’ve managed to accomplish in part by building custom machine learning models for tasks such as name matching . reducing burden for development of machine learning models — and as a result , the downstream operational burden — can assist in easing even the most mundane of tasks , such as data extraction .
one of the most serious problems of having a unique infrastructure system was being forced to create custom monitoring and alerting for the cluster . hadoop , hive , and hdfs are complicated systems , prone to bugs across their many knobs and dials . trying to anticipate all failure states and set reasonable pager thresholds proved quite challenging and it also felt that we were solving a solved problem .
source data comes into our system from two main channels : instrumentation in source code that sends events through kafka and production database dumps that are taken using aws point - in - time - restores on rds , then delivered through sqoop .
we’ve talked a lot about registers forming part of a digital ecosystem , providing data good enough to build services on . we’ve also outlined the characteristics of a register and how each characteristic helps registers remain authoritative and up to date . …
further to the remote nature of reads and writes , we had incorrectly chosen to split our data storage across three separate availability zones , within a single region , in aws . furthermore , each availability zone was designated as its own “rack” so the 3 replicas were stored on different racks , therefore remote reads and writes were happening constantly . this was again a design flaw that led to slow data transfers and remote copies happening anytime a machine was lost or a block corrupted .
previously , we described some technical features needed to support the creation of registers . when we talk about the technical details , we often get asked whether a register is like a particular data technology such as a relational database , a graph …
facilitating eng development during engineering development , we frequently need to query our production data to fetch and verify records . nonetheless , querying against our transactional stores has historically been slow , as well as stressful on and potentially destabilizing to our production environment .
presto is extremely fast , not to mention in use at large scale at facebook , airbnb , netflix , and more . given the size of our data ( hundreds of gigabytes ) , we knew presto could handle our use at all levels .
the basic approach ( see figure 1 ) is to show how to value a project by looking at the capabilities to be implemented or updated , the benefits to different parts of the university community , the risks entailed in undertaking the project ( or not undertaking it ) , and the costs ( including ongoing maintenance and operational costs ) — all based on a fundamental understanding of the different types of infrastructure projects and their purposes .
finally , it is important to know your audience . who are the decision makers who will evaluate your analysis ? what measures will resonate with them ? if it is faculty , then the most important aspects might be how the infrastructure will aid their ability to do research , obtain research grants , or better teach students . if your audience is the cfo , then an argument with at least some discussion of financial return will be useful .
purges alarms , events , and syslogs according to the settings in the following table . all of these settings are enabled by default . data is deleted on a daily basis . alarm tables are checked hourly , and if the alarm table exceeds the 300 , 000 limit ,
solve real problems by listening to your colleagues : empathizing with the data users around the company is an important part of informing our roadmap . in adherence with henry ford’s mantra , we must balance making faster horses vs . building the automobile — but listen to your customers first .
an infrastructure project under review must be compared to other projects . alternatives likely also exist , such as procuring equipment from different vendors or moving to the cloud . the option of doing nothing also has benefits , risks , and costs and should be evaluated with other alternatives . this evaluation should compare all the factors discussed , from general capabilities to benefits to risks and costs . table 3 , while not exhaustive , lists many of the criteria that can be used in such a comparison .


the association of european airlines ( aea ) was a trade body that brought together 22 major airlines , and was the voice of the european airline industry for over 60 years .

it shut down in the end of 2016 .

aea worked in partnership with the institutions of the european union and other stakeholders in the value chain , to ensure the sustainable growth of the european airline industry in a global context .

upon its demise in 2016 , aea member airlines carried over 300 million passengers and 4.5 million tonnes of cargo and provided direct employment to 270,000 people .

they operated over 8,000 flights a day , serving 530 destinations in 140 countries , with a global turnover of € 100 billion .

association of european airlines

( ba ) left industry - lobby group association of european airlines ( aea ) at the end of march .
the european regions airline association is delighted to announce croatia airlines as its new airline member .
european airlines registered a 3 . 3 % growth in passenger numbers in first half of 2014
the european environment agency ( eea ) is an agency of the european union . legal notice
the european cockpit association represents the collective interests of professional pilots at european level , striving for the highest levels of aviation safety and fostering social rights and quality employment .
the move could ring the death knell for aea , an association that has been operating in crisis mode for some time , and raises the question of whether it still has a future . it could give rise to renewed effort for a bigger association of european airlines that could combine what is left of aea and iaca , the association representing charter airlines .
. both easyjet and ryanair are members of the european low fare airline association ( elfaa ) . ryanair is europe’s largest airline by number of passengers .
each year the association of european airlines ( aea ) brings together the leaders of its member airlines to discuss major issues facing the aviation industry . last week , given nats’ role as a strategic partner of aea , andy shand , general manager of customer affairs and i attended their 2014 leadership summit .
croatia airlines adds weight to era’s position as the established voice of european aviation and highlights the value that airlines place in its lobbying , campaign work and networking opportunities for members .
aire – airlines international representation in europe represents 16 airlines . the association aims to make the framework our members operate in as efficient and cost - effective as possible .
the association of european airlines brings together 33 major airlines , and has been the trusted voice of the european airline industry for over 50 years . aea works with its members and , wherever possible , with the whole aviation chain to ensure the sustainable growth of the european airline industry . in this section , find out how aea works , who are its members , and learn about the role of the air transport industry in europe .
the association of european airlines brings together 22 major airlines and has been the voice of the european airline industry for over 60 years . it represents the interests of its members to the institutions of the european union , the european civil aviation conference , any other international organisation or association involved in or likely to be involved in issues of interest to aea members and , as appropriate , to individual governments . it strives to advance cooperation amongst its members on any matter likely to be of interest to the membership as a whole , whilst respecting the independence of action of its individual members . aea also works in partnership with the other stakeholders in the value chain to ensure the sustainable growth of the european airline industry in a global context .
croatia airlines is the second airline to join era in the past three weeks , with apg airlines joining the association in december . era is the only european trade body to include the full range of companies involved in european aviation including airlines , airports , manufacturers and suppliers , and provides its members unparalleled networking opportunities through its events and industry groups throughout the year .
several european airlines have clashed with middle east carriers , such as emirates airline , etihad and qatar airways , over their pace and method of growth .
the german carrier , in which etihad airways holds a 29 percent stake , has pulled out of the association of european airlines ( aea ) as it sees
no future in a protectionist aviation policy in europe
, chief executive stefan pichler said .
european initiatives on ground handling , slots , noise , single european sky , environmental issues and external relations in the aviation sector .
european and international work continued during the 1980s . with austria situated in the geographical heart of europe , the ifalpa pan european conference was naturally important and the association joined the work to improve pilot working conditions in the former eastern bloc countries .
any changes that have been made reflect the growth of the association and the strengthening of the contribution to the air transport industry in ireland .
era is a member supported organisation representing organisations involved in intra - european air transport - typically regional airlines , airports , and the manufacturers of regional jets and turboprops .
croatia airlines has joined the european regions airline association ( era ) , bringing the total number of airlines in era membership to 54 . starting life as zagal ( zagreb airlines ) in 1989 , the airline is the flag carrier of croatia with headquarters in zagreb and a fleet consisting of two airbus 320 , four airbus 319 and six bombardier dash 8 - q400 aircraft . the airline connects croatia directly with 35 airports in europe , transporting nearly two million passengers annually .
the decision comes a week after british airways parent company international consolidated airlines group exited the european airline trade body citing
important policy issues
.
with austrian airlines
for sale
the transition to new ownership will be one of the challenges of the immediate future . beyond that , aca will continue to represent and support austrian pilots in a european context .
concrete details of the new association still have to be hammered out . but the “airlines for europe” name is currently seen as the favorite—along the lines of the policy - heavy airlines for america ( a4a ) u . s . lobbying group that counts the country’s major network and largest lccs among its membership .
european initiatives to counter gulf airlines come at the same time as a u . s . - based lobbying campaign against the big three gulf carriers led by
apg airlines , based at cannes mandelieu airport , operates scheduled flights between nice and milan bergamo and offers vip charter flights and electronic ticketing database and payment solutions . sandrine de saint sauveur , president , apg airlines , says : “ apg airlines is a new french airline wholly owned by the apg group , a global network of over 100 offices providing airline distribution services . whilst apg airlines has a slightly different focus to most airlines , we are delighted to be joining era in light of the activities it undertakes to support its member airlines . ”
as the association’s title implies , ialpa currently draws its membership from all airlines in ireland - i . e . , aer lingus , asl airlines , chc ( ireland ) , cityjet , irish helicopters , parc aviation , ryanair , stobart air , and westair .
the association is understood to have desperately tried to keep the two iag airlines on board . according to industry sources , walsh has refused to take phone calls from aea chairman temel kotil , who is also the ceo of
air france - klm and lufthansa have lobbied national governments and the european union to curtail the growth of the rivals they accuse of benefiting from unfair state subsidies .
since the creation of the european single aviation market in the 1990s , eu airlines have been operating within a comprehensive common framework comprising rules on safety , security , environment and consumer protection . this has delivered huge benefits in terms of . . .
on its website , the aea said that it “calls upon european governments to effectively dissuade non - eu governments from pursuing discriminatory policies which distort competition among international airlines . ”
in the early 1960s the association rented office space in dublin in the headquarters of the workers union of ireland ( wui ) , to which it was affiliated until the late 1970s .
this website is © the pga european tour 1997 - 2018 . pga european tour , wentworth drive , virginia water , surrey , gu25 4lx . registered in england no . 1867610 . all rights reserved . no reproduction , distribution or transmission of any information , part or parts of this website by any means whatsoever is permitted without the prior written permission of the pga european tour .
founded as aualpa ( austrian airline pilots association ) only months after the first flight of fledgling national carrier austrian airlines , the association was initially considered the
foreign ministry
of the crew works council . an ifalpa member from the beginning , aualpa joined ecas
ancestor
europilote in 1969 , as reported in the
aualpa news
magazine that made its debut in the same year .
, sources said . but the difference in opinion is not thought to be enough of an issue to tear the association asunder , these sources said .
in summer 2015 europe’s leading airline groups called for nothing less than a revolution . flying more than 550 million passengers per year , the members of airlines for europe account for more than two - thirds of the continent’s passenger journeys . every day , more than 2 , 700 of their aircraft cross the continent , and more than 300 , 000 employees in the air and on the ground ensure safe and reliable operations . a4e stands for change – the meanwhile largest airline association is a fresh approach to promote the interests of european airlines and their passengers .
—the five largest european airline groups are in the process of defining the details of a new industry - lobbying body that would supersede current organizations , industry sources tell aviation daily .
aire airlines welcome a new step towards a global and unique co2 scheme to tackle aviation emissions .
thailand’s kanyalak preedasuttijit shot a third round of 66 on her home course to build a four - stroke lead heading into the final round of the ladies european thailand championship at . . .
the members of aire ( airlines international representation in europe ) welcome the endorsement by the international civil aviation organization council yesterday of the key parameters of a carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation , ( corsia ) that . . .
the ladies european tour has signed a multi - year extension of its long term partnership agreement with lacoste , which will see the brand continue as the official clothing supplier of the . . .
since its foundation aeca ( the american european community association ) has become increasingly recognised as a leading international forum for informed dialogue and as a high quality network for the international business , political and diplomatic communities . aeca greatly benefits from the prestige and support of the distinguished members of both the board of directors and newly formed international advisory council . this endorsement has been of key importance in the interface between the association and its members , and the international business and policy - making communities . members of the international advisory council are of different nationalities and bring with them a wealth of experience and expertise from their varied backgrounds as senior leaders in the business and policy - making arenas .
simon mcnamara , era director general , says : “ i’m delighted to welcome croatia airlines as our most recent member . croatia airlines’ decision to join era increases our leverage with europe’s regulatory bodies and adds further substance to our expanding airline membership . era is and always has been at the forefront of strategic discussions on the future of the aviation industry with europe’s regulators and , on behalf of our members , we deliver consistent and effective representation . i’m very much looking forward to working with croatia airlines on the many issues and challenges that affect european aviation . ”
“ we are pleased to become a member of era , such a reputable association . i believe that croatia airlines , as a regional leader in south east europe , with its 28 - year long experience will contribute to the successful operation of this organisation , which promotes healthy and safe european regional aviation market . undoubtedly , the membership in era will additionally improve our international reputation and open excellent opportunities to respond to the current business challenges . i look forward to the future cooperation with all era members in our efforts to make air transport an even more important factor of economic development and the connecting of europe ” , said krešimir kučko , president and ceo of croatia airlines .
era also produces an e - journal called fly safely which provides information and articles on a wide range of safety issues affecting the european regional aviation industry .
for immediate release yesterday , the board members of the brussels - based airlines international representation in europe ( aire ) welcomed eamonn brennan , the new director general of eurocontrol to their meeting . mr brennan presented his vision for the future of the . . .
the list below only covers meetings held since november 2014 with commissioners , their cabinet members or directors - general at the european commission ; other lobby meetings with lower - level staff may have taken place , but the european commission doesn ' t publish information about such meetings . all information below comes from european commission web pages .
but according to industry sources , the plans go far beyond a single meeting , and soon could lead to the creation of a new airline association , tentatively named “airlines for europe ( a4 ) . ” the initial meeting is expected to focus on general strategy , the sources say , while formal organization of a new group would come later .
international airlines group ( iag ) , the parent of ba and iberia , told aviation daily that “our position on some important policy issues is not aligned with many other aea airlines . ” iag in particular believes “that global liberalization of our industry is fundamental to our future growth and we are not willing to compromise on it . ”
( iata ) , upside down . at the 2011 annual general meeting in singapore , he supported calls by gulf carriers for a stronger representation on the board of governors and criticized then - iata ceo giovanni bisignani for his management of the association .
portugal are included . some of them have received european commission - approved bail - out packages in recent years—measures that ryanair , easyjet and the large network carriers vigorously opposed .
( c ) aire - airlines international representation in europe - a website crafted by 2b . com , the media agency
founded in 1971 , aire is a member - driven organisation led by a team of aviation experts . based in brussels , the association focuses on achieving the most cost - effective environment for aire members .
ialpa was one of the founding members of ifalpa , the international federation of airline pilots’ associations . captain michael cusack of ialpa attended the founding meeting in london in 1948 . the second ifalpa conference was held in dublin in 1949 . the conference chairman at that conference was captain j . n . mcauley of ialpa in the absence of the ifalpa president , capt . dave behnke of us alpa .
iag said on friday last week that its subsidiaries british airways and iberia had quit the european airline trade group after disagreeing with the policy of other members towards competition in the skies .
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28 / 06 / 2018 - aire airlines welcome a new step towards a global and unique co2 scheme to tackle . . .
bob also started his flying career in the air corps . bob is probably unique among ifalpa presidents in having been president of 3 pilot bodies , ialpa , europilote and ifalpa . ( europilote was the regional organisation of european pilot’s associations and was the precursor of the european cockpit association ( eca ) ) . bob was president of ifalpa in 1981 to 1985 . he was president of europilote ( 1976 - 80 ) and was president of ialpa in 1987 - 88 . the most noteworthy event during bob’s term in ifalpa was the shooting down of the korean 747 by the soviet air force in september 1983 . not surprisingly this action outraged the world’s airline pilots and bob became a regular on international tv news programmes where he highlighted the need for the international community to take decisive action to prevent such outrages in the future .
. iag has taken a completely different approach . iag ceo willie walsh has said numerous times that he has “no issues” with the growth of the gulf airlines and that he admires them .
european legends , female stars and the next generation of golfers will all gather at ayla golf club , a premier golf destination in jordan , in 2019 for a ground breaking new . . .
thailand’s kanyalak preedasuttijit won the ladies european thailand championship on her home course at phoenix gold golf and country club in pattaya on sunday . with rounds of 70 , 68 , 66 and . . .
by richard c talbot there are a number of names at the top of the leaderboard in pattaya at the end of day one that will cause no surprise . anne van . . .
the irish air line pilots’ association ( ialpa ) came into being in 1946 when a group of aer lingus pilots met and formed a committee , headed by the first ialpa president captain p . w . ( darby ) kennedy .
1993 saw a strike against the failed
alcazar
merger between sas , klm , swissair and austrian . to emphasise the association ' s opening up towards other pilot groups and its strong ties to eca , aualpa became
austrian cockpit association
( aca ) in 1997 . the board was no longer an extension of the works council and for the first time included a tyrolean airways vice president .
one key question is who would lead the new association as secretary general . insiders argue that the group should be led by someone who has no previous link to any of the five major players , which would rule out attar hussein khan , the current ceo of aea , who once worked for klm .
lufthansa , air france - klm , iag and easyjet already cooperate in the a4 group to represent airline interests , in single european sky ( ses ) .
however , one challenge to the formal creation of a4 will be to find enough common ground among members to overcome the clear divisions . for instance , air france - klm and lufthansa oppose the iag airlines regarding how to address the major gulf carriers’ growth . meanwhile , the network airlines are opposed to airport - provided financial support that ryanair in particular is receiving at many of its destinations . the picture becomes even more complex when the smaller legacy carriers like
aire airlines operate various business models to cater for different demands in the travel market , including low - cost , seat - only and tour operator traffic . their common feature is efficiency in terms of fleet utilisation and load factor .
with its current focus and representation of interests , the aea is not fulfilling these ideas , but allowing itself to be driven by airlines which desperately try to erect a new wall around europe ,
pichler said in a statement .
ryan fox may have narrowly missed out on a first european tour title at the dubai duty free irish open hosted by the rory foundation but the new zealander had the consolation of qualifying for the open championship for the second consecutive year .
in the early days it dealt with the airline on matters of common interests , mainly the “lifestyle” items of salary , working conditions , pension and seniority .
the remaining large members of aea are beginning to recognize that the association will not be able to recover from the recent defections , and argue that there is a growing need for a strong representative body that includes all major players . one scenario sees lufthansa and air france - klm following iag carriers’ lead and leaving aea behind in favor of the new grouping .
the iata operational safety audit ( iosa ) is the benchmark for global safety management in airlines . all iata members are registered and must remain registered in order to maintain iata membership . see the applicability of iosa standards and recommended practices ( isarps ) .
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1973 saw the founding of the
solidarity funds
covering pilot pay in case of prolonged illness . aualpa was proud to host the 1975 ifalpa conference in vienna ( vie ) and started regular meetings with the air traffic controllers association the same year . lobbying against the politically motivated orientation of vie ' s second runway 16 / 34 was unsuccessful , but as the problems aualpa predicted still plague vie , the parallel runway suggested by aualpa will be built almost 40 years later . at the end of the 70s aualpa had 155 members .
etihad - backed air berlin said on tuesday it has cancelled membership with an european airline lobby group amid an escalating dispute over how to deal with the fast - growing middle eastern carriers .
our responsible business report summarises the work we do in pursuit of our sustainability goals .
jim o’grady ( 1978 ) , bob tweedy ( 1986 ) and ted murphy ( 2004 ) were all the recipients of awards from the federation in recognition of their contribution .
ialpa has had three members elected as president of ifalpa . this is a remarkable achievement for what is a relatively small association . those three ialpa members were captains j . j . o’grady , r . f . tweedy and e . a . murphy . mention should also be made of captain eric jackson who served as ifalpa secretary in 1958 - 60 and as vice - president from 1960 to 1962 .
copyright © 1997 - 2018 international forum of travel and tourism advocates iftta . all rights reserved
and international airlines group ( iag ) will jointly present their demands for an eu aviation strategy at a june 17 event in brussels . it will be the first time that the five groups have attended a joint meeting to stand up for common interests , regardless of the business model each uses .
russell knox holed two incredible putts on the 18th green as he beat ryan fox in a play - off to win his second european tour title at the dubai duty free irish open hosted by the rory foundation .
in 1978 , it was felt that the offices should be moved to dublin airport and an office was rented from aer rianta . ialpa remained there until june 1988 , when the association’s own building was erected on a site at corbalis park , dublin airport .
the third major championship of the year , the kpmg women’s pga championship , takes place at kemper lakes golf club , 60 kilometres north of chicago , from thursday 28th june to sunday . . .
anne van dam of the netherlands produced a brilliant five - under - par 67 in hot and humid conditions to share the lead with local player aunchisa utama on day one of the . . .
however , iag’s own interests are at work . after years of moving into a closer relationship , qatar airways has become iag’s largest shareholder , with a stake of almost 10 % as of this year , and has indicated that it would like to own a larger stake ( aviation daily , jan . 30 ) .
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“a strong signal is needed and other airlines have already done that , ” alitalia chief executive officer silvano cassano told bloomberg , adding that the company , which is 49 percent owned by etihad airways , will weigh “pros and cons” and take a decision on membership this week .
warning : the number of full time equivalent lobbyists declared by this organisation are extraordinarily high and may therefore have been over - declared .
era’s air safety working group ( aswg ) brings together safety managers from member airlines to discuss flight safety matters in a confidential forum . the aswg provides safety targeted awareness reports ( stars ) which offer generic guidelines for pilots and operators on topics such as landing over - runs and crosswind landing limits .
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ted murphy trained as a cadet pilot with aer lingus in the 1960s . he became active in ialpa from the 1970s and served for many years as chairman of the safety and technical committee . while on special leave ted worked for three years for icao , based in montreal . he was elected president of ialpa in 1989 and for a second term in 1991 . ted was involved in ifalpa technical committees from the 1970s and was elected as ifalpa principal vice - president - technical and as deputy president before being elected president in 1999 and was re - elected president in 2001 . ted was president when the terrorist attacks of 9 / 11 occurred and was intimately involved in ensuring that the response of the international community was appropriate to the event and did not damage effective security measures nor hinder the growth of the industry .
sweden’s lynn carlsson shot a sizzling 65 to climb into a share of the lead with pauline del rosario from the philippines on a scorching second day at the ladies . . .
by richard c talbot the course at phoenix gold golf & country club has already been the subject of much discussion this year as people have tried to ascertain why only . . .
but it is unlikely that the drama in europe will play out with aea’s analog in the u . s . , airlines for america ( a4a ) , people familiar with the matter have told aviation daily . the issue has sown some dissension , however . key a4a members delta , united and america are leading the charge against the gulf carriers , but others are opposed to tinkering with open skies agreements .
at the outset ialpa started by meeting in various places – homes , halls and hotels , before it was recognised that the business was of such a nature that more permanent accommodation was required .
terrorism was a hot subject of the 1970s . while this is still hot 30 + years later , the question of whether co - pilots should be allowed to perform take - offs seems to have been answered in the meantime . the first accident investigator was trained in 1971 but fortunately no investigation was required until 20 years later , when aca observers joined the investigation after the fatal lauda air crash in thailand .
2018 ana inspiration winner pernilla lindberg , u . s . women’s open champion , ariya jutanugarn and kpmg women ' s pga championship winner sung hyun park , join global field of stars the first three major champions . . .
in 1953 the present constitution was adopted which outlined key issues such as international affiliations , salary , seniority , welfare and working conditions . although the constitution has been amended on several occasions since then , the objectives of the organisation have not basically changed .
era also produced an “emergency planning handbook” providing guidance on all aspects of emergency planning - responsibilities , training , staffing , security , threat assessment , contingency plans , media relations , accident and incident reporting and investigation , and related topics . the handbook is free to members and available to non - members for a fee .
jim o’grady trained in the air corps and was active in ialpa from early on in his career in aer lingus . he was president of ialpa in 1965 - 67 . he was first elected to the ifalpa board as principal vice - president responsible for administration and finance in 1968 . he served in that position until he was elected as president at ifalpa’s annual conference in tokyo in 1973 . he was re - elected for another two - year term at the vienna conference in 1975 . jim o’grady’s main contribution to ifalpa was in the administrative field where he was instrumental in modernising the secretariat and establishing proper accommodation for the federation at egham , outside london .
separately , italian career alitalia could follow suit over the ongoing row over the competitive threat from gulf carriers .
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, which have claimed the gulf carriers received more than $ 40 billion in subsidies from their governments .
aea has more or less followed the air france - klm and lufthansa approach , but vehemently opposed the notion that it was protectionist . iag has pulled back on its aea involvement for some time . walsh did not attend the last aea summit in istanbul late last year .
, an airline air france - klm and lufthansa also see as a massive threat .
kotil eventually traveled to london to meet walsh , but was told in a meeting lasting only minutes that the decision is irreversible , according to the sources .
or easyjet . with vueling , elfaa does have low - fare operator in the group .
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marseille strike : we have just been informed that the strike this weekend has been suspended . urltoken
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to be the acknowledged global leader in innovative air traffic solutions and airport performance .
as well as the uk , nats currently operates in over 30 countries around the world .
nats is helping wind farm owners , developers and the industry to operate in harmony .
have you got what it takes to be a controller ? play our games to find out .
capt . p . w . ( darby ) kennedy with president dr patrick hillery in a tiger moth biplane .
in the early 1960s ialpa was registered as a trade union and in 1998 , ialpa joined the impact trade union .
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klm traffic up 3 . 6 % in june , up 5 . 4 % in first half 2018
latest aviation news • brexit and british airways , easyjet , ryanair , et al .
latest aviation news • diversions from around the globe ( medical , technical , . . . ) 2018
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women and girls will speak out about why they love golf and what they get from the sport when a special awareness week is held across great britain & ireland . . .
world’s greatest golfers to face unusual challenge at this year’s aberdeen standard investments men’s and ladies scottish opens aberdeen standard investments , together with the scottish government and east lothian council , has . . .
thailand’s kanyalak preedasuttjit fired a four - under - par 68 in scorching conditions at phoenix gold golf & country club on friday morning to set the clubhouse lead at six - under - par . the 19 - year - old from chonburi , . . .
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rsm presents an interactive look at the best facts and figures behind russell knox ' s remarkable comeback victory in ireland .
continuing its strong presence in ifalpa and eca , aca has hosted ind , sec , age , ats and ado meetings , provides an eca board member since 2005 , and is proud to offer its first accident investigator training in october 2008 .