nnest ( / ɛnˈnɛst / en-nest ) or non-native english-speaking teachers is an acronym that refers to the growing body of english language teachers who speak english as a foreign or second language .

the term was coined to highlight the dichotomy between native english-speaking teachers ( nest ) and non-native english-speaking teachers ( nnest ) .

issues related to nnests attract the attention of language teachers , language specialists , teacher educators , and graduate students from all over the world .

tesol ( teachers of english to the speakers of other languages ) organization has a nnest interest section .

two local tesol affiliates in north america , watesol ( washington area tesol ) and catesol ( california tesol ) have nnest entities .

nnest

nnest interest section . ( 2014a ) . goals of the nnest interest section . retrieved from
nnest interest section . ( 2014 ) . about this community . nnest newsletter . retrieved from urltoken
, the nnest interest section ( nnest is ) is the institutionalized home base and the intellectual space of the nnest movement . the establishment and activities of the nnest is spearheaded the formation of other nnest - related entities within local tesol affiliates including the
urltoken nnest of the month blog . interviews with nnests and others who are interested in nnest issues .
find nonnative and native speakers of english who share interests in nnest , teaching english , and world englishes issues on the nnest blog .
and consider submitting your next article to the nnest newsletter for consideration . for any queries and / or your submissions , please contact nnest is newsletter editors
for more details , please visit the newsletter section of the nnest is website .
for more details , please visit the newsletter section of the nnest - is website .
toah - nnest prides itself on being available for media comment or discussion . please contact our
the nnest newsletter is the official newsletter of the nonnative english speakers in tesol interest section ( nnest is ) . the purpose of the nnest newsletter is three - fold : to inform , to inspire , and to invite . first , the newsletter informs nnest - is members about issues , developments , and activities that are related to the professional status of nonnative english speakers in tesol and related professions . second , the newsletter inspires current and prospective nnest - is members by providing stories of successes and struggles of nnest professionals as well as of students , colleagues , and administrators who may be native or nonnative speakers of english . third , the newsletter invites nnest - is members to share information , insights , and experiences related to nnest issues .
ana wu : the nnest caucus became an interest section in 2008 and you were its first chair . what would you like to see the leaders and members of the nnest is do or initiate ?
do you have some thoughts on the status of nonnative english speakers in tesol ( nnest ) ? have you done some preliminary studies on any nnest - related issues ? do you have personal stories to share that are related to nnest issues ? do you have some helpful tips for other nonnative english speakers in tesol ? if you do , please consider submitting an article to the nnest newsletter for consideration .
for more details , please visit the newsletter section of the nnest is website , available at urltoken .
you raised many important issues regarding empowering the nonnative professionals . you also said that we from this generation are very
lucky
to hear phrases like
nnest studies
or
nnest literature
(
here’s a rather short list of other blogs dedicated to the topic of nnests and equal hiring rights . if you know any others , please let me know . nnest interest section blog – official website of the tesol nnest interest section nnest of the month blog – get to know other nnests and their blogs who [ … ]
nnest readers often ask about how to respond to discriminatory job advertisements . please find a list of resources and template responses on how to respond to such postings on the nnest - is website , in the right column .
thank you very much for joining us on the nnest blog , nathanael . to start , could you tell us a bit about your educational and professional background , and how you got interested in language learning and nnest issues ?
the nnest caucus , now nnest is , has undoubtedly been a powerful source of empowerment for nnests since its creation in 1998 . i would like to see online communities of practice where teachers can come together and learn from each other .
find nonnative and native speakers of english who share interests in nnest , teaching english , and world englishes issues : urltoken .
this special edition of the nnest newsletter draws from a colloquium organized by the nnest of the month blog team during tesol 2014—in portland , oregon , usa—to celebrate the blog ' s 100th interview . this issue builds on the colloquium and extends our understanding of the nnest movement and its state as a field of inquiry , reflecting on nnest issues and triumphs in various contexts and geographical areas and exploring what challenges might affect the next generation . this issue also celebrates the 10th anniversary of the blog .
this is the official website of the nnest interest section . it contains copies of the nnest newsletter , from the inception of the caucus to present along with official documents pertaining to the interest section . the website is linked to the nnest of the month blog , which contains thought - provoking interviews of nes and nnes professionals in the fields of tesol / applied linguistics .
do you have some thoughts on the status of nonnative english speakers in tesol ( nnests ) ? have you done some preliminary studies on any nnest - related issues ? do you have personal stories to share that are related to nnest issues ? do you have some helpful tips for other nnests ? if you do , please consider submitting an article to the nnest newsletter for consideration .
ana wu : you have done research on language learning , teaching education , using technology , and nnest issues , particularly on the importance of mentoring and collaboration . in a nnest - nest collaborative model , what can both parties gain from this peer collaboration ?
4 . you have volunteered to join our nnest blog interviewer team . what sparked your interest in wanting to work with us ?
the primary audience of the nnest newsletter is the members of the nnest - is . the is members are native and nonnative speakers of english from various geographic and institutional contexts . they are teachers , researchers , and administrators as well as graduate students at various stages of professional development . all of them are interested in and concerned about issues surrounding the professional status of nonnative english speakers in tesol . the audience also includes potential members of the nnest - is who wish to gain insights into the nnest - is and its activities .
do you have some thoughts on the status of nonnative english speakers in tesol ( nnests ) ? have you done some preliminary studies on any nnest - related issues ? do you have personal stories to share that are related to nnest issues ? do you have some helpful tips for other nonnative english speakers in tesol ? if you do , please consider submitting an article to the nnest newsletter for consideration .
edited by ahmar mahboob , the nnest lens invites you to imagine how the field of tesol and applied linguistics can develop if we use the multilingual , multicultural , and multinational perspectives of a nnest lens to re - examine our assumptions , practices , and theories in the field .
it is a time of anniversaries . globally , we celebrate the 100th nnest of the month interview ; here in washington , dc , we celebrated the 10th anniversary of the watesol ( washington area tesol ) nnest caucus in october ; and personally , at the tesol convention in toronto , ontario , canada , i celebrated my 10th anniversary of coming out of the closet to publically declare that i am an “nnest wannabe . ”
* i advocate that the ultimate purpose of using the terms nnest and nest is “to put our finger on the problem” ( selvi , 2014 , p . 596 ) . therefore , although i acknowledge that the binary terms nnest and nest do embody a negative connotation of nonnative - english - speaking teachers , i decided to use these terms in this article in an attempt to foster active discussions surrounding issues of the nnest / nest dichotomy .
2 . much of your recent work has approached the nnest experience from the lens of glocal interaction — that global trends affect and are affected by local practices and interactions . how did you get interested in the glocal lens and what are some of its applications to elt and the nnest movement ?
the nnest voice is an incredibly powerful source of quality exposure for learners in low - resource environments . how can we encourage nnests to value it ?
1 . thank you for joining us on nnest - of - the - month blog . could you briefly tell us about your personal and professional background ?
kim ( 2014 ) also noticed the growing number of participants from all over the world in the nnest - is since her first involvement in 2004 . instead of just having nonnative english speakers , more native english speakers participate in the nnest - is , and more of both types of speakers collaborated to conduct research studies . the above stories have proven that there are many nnests who are working hard to enhance the awareness of nnest issues in their home countries . we highly appreciate all of your hard work . with more people’s involvement in the nnest movement , i believe we will eventually have the power to turn negatives into positives .
are you looking for interesting resources for nonnative - english - speaking teachers ? if so , you should visit the resources section of our nnest - is website .
urltoken this is an interesting discussion group . it ' s the website of an online course / discussion group on nnest issues sponsored by the nonnative english speakers in tesol interest section . download articles and listen to recordings of online discussions about nnest issues . the active discussion is already finished , but you can still see the materials .
mahboob , a . ( ed . ) . ( 2010 ) the nnest lens . non native english speakers in tesol . newcastle upon tyne : cambridge scholars publishing .
i came to the realization that in tesol language is connected to race and social status . that awareness empowered me and made reflect about my identity as an nnest .
aneja ( 2016 ) and ellis ( 2016 ) present convincing arguments of how tesol practitioners are often not accurately represented by the classifications of nest and nnest . both pieces of research are valuable contributions to the literature on english language teacher identity . however , their calls to throw out the term nnest seem premature when considering the movement’s current standing .
nnest is aims to build a non - discriminatory professional environment for all tesol members regardless of native language , race , ethnicity , gender , religion and place of birth .
take a look at the nnest blog which offers a platform for more dynamic interaction and conversation on many issues related to native and non - native english speakers in tesol .
are you looking for interesting resources for nonnative - english - speaking teachers ? if so , you should visit the resources section of our nnest is web site : urltoken .
mahboob , a . ( 2010 ) . the nnest lens : non native english speaker in tesol . new castle , upon tyne , united kingdom : cambridge scholars publishing .
first , the nnest and ibptf chairs ought to put their heads together and develop strategies aimed at constructive cooperation . during my tenure as chair of the ibpft , i attempted to reach out to the nnest caucus through the then chair lucie moussu . i suggested that the two caucuses present a joint colloquium ; lucie did put out the request but , unfortunately , no one within the nnest responded . one reason beyond sheer anxiety of giving a presentation might have been the assumption on the part of nnest caucus members that they have little or nothing in common with members of the ibpft . i think leaders of both caucuses should do more to raise awareness among their members that the concerns of the nnest are not vastly different from those of the ibpft and vice versa , and that the two groups have more in common than may be apparent at face value .
the nnest movement has a strong narrative tradition . from seminal texts by george braine in the late 1990s to the work of ahmar mahboob , lia kamhi - stein , and most recently icy lee and paul sze , advocates of the movement have provided nnests with spaces to voice crucial issues and challenges affecting their professional lives and that of their students . an important narrative space that has also explored nnests and nnest ally narratives is the nnest of the month blog , a virtual collection of interviews for which i have collaborated as interviewer from 2010 - 2015 . in this article , i present an exploratory qualitative analysis of the interviews that i conducted . even though the interviews were not originally intended as research tools , the interviewees’ narratives on various areas of inquiry are powerful counter - stories that can expand our comprehension of what it means to be a nnest or nnest ally .
the blog was created in may of 2005 , initially as the nnest caucus member of the month . the first interview , in august of that same year , featured professor enric llurda . the interview was conducted by amir soheili - mehr , who continued to conduct and post interviews until 2006 . later that year , past nnest - is chair ana wu took on the role of conducting , editing , and posting the interviews . ana wu singlehandedly transformed the nnest of the month blog into an internationally well - known online space , reaching many members of the nnest and tesol communities . over the years , the blog has also continued with the sustained leadership and support of george braine and brock brady .
looking at my past experiences is like looking at myself in the mirror , which furthers my understanding of being an nnest . my specific reflections and critical analysis are as follows :
mahboob , a . ( ed . ) . ( 2010 ) . the nnest lens : nonnative english speakers in tesol . newcastle upon tyne , england : cambridge scholars press .
the above studies prove that despite the nnest movement’s efforts , few gains have been made in terms of equal employment . given that such blatant discrimination still exists , the nnest movement still needs to remain unified in the fight . part of this unification may mean using a consistent term—nnest—to discuss the marginalized group as a whole , despite the term’s inconsistency to classify individuals within the group , as aneja ( 2016 ) points out . however , rather than call for the discontinuance of the nnest term , it may be better for the movement to call for an expansion of the term . aneja’s ( 2016 ) research identifies two practitioners who consider themselves nests but are seen by others as nnests and , therefore , less valuable to the field . further research should focus on the identities of professionals such as those profiled in aneja’s ( 2016 ) work and call for the inclusion of them in the nnest advocacy movement .
however , the more i pondered the topic , the more i realised that there is indeed a nnest perspective on td ( see mahboob , 2010 for nnest lens ) . while nnests have and still continue to make significant contributions to our profession , they have for decades been treated as second - class citizens . and despite the growing nnest movement and support for it , there seems to remain a certain reluctance to embrace the idea of equality between nests and nnests ( holliday , 2005 ) ; a certain complicity of silence , if you will .
the nnest of the month interviews are a prime example for this last type of engagement . i can hardly wait to see where we will be when the 200th interview is published .
the contributors to the nnest of the month blog , from internationally renowned scholars to current or recent graduate students , provide valuable insights on a variety of issues related to nnest experiences and the nnest movement , and suggest a range of possible practices and initiatives that can help each of us , as researchers and practitioners , contribute toward a more egalitarian field of tesol . being part of such a professional and academic community for the past year has been enormously fulfilling , and i look forward to being able to continue to contribute this year and beyond .
terry doyle taught english at city college of san francisco for 35 years before his retirement in 2013 . he now lives in eugene , oregon where he continues to be active as a member of the nnest of the month blog team and as a presenter at tesol and other conferences . his professional interests are issues related to nnest and elf and also ma tesol student education .
selvi , a . f . ( 2014 ) . myths and misconceptions about nonnative english speakers in the tesol ( nnest ) movement . tesol journal , 5 ( 3 ) , 573–611 .
3 . your publication “conceptualizing and confronting inequity : approaches within and new directions for the ‘nnest movement’” with ali fuad selvi and bedrettin yazan explores postmodern and poststructuralist approaches to identity . this complicates the dichotomies that previously framed the nnest movement and much of elt . how do you think these dichotomies arose and how do you think the field will change as they become increasingly problematized ?
my life as an nnest ( nonnative - english - speaking teacher ) has been full of confusion , frustration , accomplishment , self - questioning , and the nonstop pursuit of perfection and recognition .
in sum , i think that tesol , inc . and the nnest is should join efforts and keep working to increase opportunities for professional development , visibility , recognition , and credibility of nnests .
as for ellis’s ( 2016 ) call to retire the nest / nnest terms and focus on nests and nnests being plurilingual , the call seems largely irrelevant in terms of the nnest movement , and perhaps even counterproductive . the movement has never been about the qualified nest who already enjoys unquestionable access to language teaching jobs around the world . rather , the movement is about the disregarding of nnest qualifications in favor of an unqualified or less qualified nest . while ellis ( 2016 ) is right in advocating for the recognition of plurilingual multicompetencies , and research in teacher identity should be continued , such research should be kept separate from the nnest movement as the movement may be better served by first recognizing that country of origin should not be seen as a negative quality in english language teaching .
tesol nnest interest section has a brand - new website . special thanks go to lucie moussu , who graciously hosts the website , and to ali fuad selvi , who wonderfully designed it . here is the link which you can bookmark : urltoken . also , we would like to thank aya and paul matsuda for their support to host and maintain the previous nnest is website through asu services .
while acknowledging that nnest identity and practice , and how nnests are perceived is an area of research , we need to focus more on what we apply the nnest lens to in our discipline than the source of the lens—we need to emphasize how that lens gives us new ways of looking at our discipline that we would not have found otherwise—and the value these insights can bring to better teaching practice .
i was an esl teacher at city college of san francisco for 34 years . now i live near the campus of the university of oregon in eugene where i read a lot , am working a book on eil issues for specifically for new ma tesol students , and work on the nnest of the month blog and other activities related to nnest and eil issues , and enjoy exercising and taking walks .
4 . what terms can we use instead of native and non - native , or nest and nnest ? if you claim that it’s irrelevant , then there shouldn’t even be a term to separate them .
you were awarded the mary finocchiaro award for excellence in the development of pedagogical materials by tesol international owing to your expertise and creativity in designing pedagogical materials . you were also the recipient of the 2014 humanities teaching excellence award and the 2017 tesol award for an outstanding paper on nnest issues . could you highlight the main thrust of your research paper on nnest issues to our valued readers from tesol community and beyond ?
first , my identity is defined by my profession . with time going by , being an nnest has become not only my occupational identity , but my life identity as it penetrates into my life here and there by influencing my thinking ways and lifestyle , which sometimes may not be consciously realized or chosen by me but has already been imposed on me by other people who look at me through the nnest lens .
the contributions in this special issue examine the evolution of the nnest movement by reflecting on the scholarship , instructional practices , and life experiences of both guests and interviewers of the nnest of the month blog . the issue looks at issues of power , intersectionality , and language in different countries in latin america , north america , africa , europe , and asia . the introduction to the issue will provide a brief overview of the historical and sociocultural context of the creation of the nnest of the month blog . integrating their own knowledge and experiences with that of blog guests , blog interviewers will describe and interrogate theory and practice within the nnest movement . the articles in this issue rely predominantly on the information contained in selected interviews ( from a pool of more than 100 interviews ) conducted with scholars , teachers , and students from various racial , linguistic , and sociocultural backgrounds published in the nnest of the month blog over a period of 10 years . we close the issue with a reflection on the challenges and possible directions for upcoming generations .
the nnest of the month blog is a collaborative virtual collection of interviews with educators and scholars—both nnests and nests—interested in issues of language and power . the interviews are publicly available at the nnest of the month blog website and highlight the work of practitioners and researchers all across the globe whose teaching and research interrogates linguistically exclusionary practices . since it was first launched in 2005 , the blog interviewers have conducted more than 100 interviews .
i firmly believe that my current scholarly work is the sum of all that i have known ( and met ) through nnest - of - the - month blog and tesol international . this nnest blog community has helped me learn and disseminate the eil concept and its pedagogy and establish professional networks with eil - oriented scholars around the world . this has led me to get more actively involved in tesol international by serving as a proposal reviewer on world englishes and nnest research strand as well as an award reviewer on albert h . marckwardt travel grants and the ruth crymes tesol fellowship for graduate study at the tesol international convention and english language expo .
geeta aneja is a 5th - year doctoral candidate in educational linguistics at the university of pennsylvania . her research includes poststructuralist perspectives on nnest issues and teacher identity , and applications of translingual writing in language teacher education .
throughout the history of english language teaching , it was long maintained that english was best taught only in english and only by a native english speaker . as a result , a large population of teachers who were nonnative speakers but earned high proficiency in english were seen as second - rate and marginalized , receiving lower benefits if even able to secure a job at all . to fight this discriminatory tradition , the nnest caucus was created during the 1996 tesol convention , thus beginning the nnest movement for equality in english language teaching . the nnest caucus gave teachers who had been long marginalized a voice . with this voice , the caucus established four goals :
to build on the previous question – in the nnest electronic village online session , one question was how we as scholars and advocates can affect change in the private sector . what thoughts do you have on this question ?
all in all , silvana richardson’s 2016 plenary turned out to be extremely inspirational , interesting , and crucial for my career , and i hope this brief report can spark similar interest in nnest issues in those reading it .
the nnest newsletter contributes significantly to tesol by addressing issues that affect a significant portion of tesol members : nonnative english speakers . to native english speakers in tesol , the newsletter offers resources for understanding and addressing nnest issues in ethical , effective , and informed ways . in order to enhance its appeal to native - english - speaking ( nes ) members and to facilitate mutual understanding between native english speakers and nonnative english speakers , the newsletter seeks to increase submissions from native english speakers in the profession . it also seeks to further raise the awareness of the issue of diversity by encouraging submissions that address how nnest issues interact with issues faced by other interest sections .
welcome to
a conversation with a { multilingual }
blog ! find professionals who share interests in nnest , accent , and world englishes issues . our guests are dedicated just like you : graduate students , novice instructors or experienced teachers with sound reputation in teaching esl / efl or applied linguistics . the current
nnest of the month
blog is here : urltoken for a list of resources , visit urltoken thank you for your involvement !
the nonnative english speakers in tesol ( abbreviated as ‘nnest’ and pronounced as / ɛnˈnɛst / or en - nest ) interest section serves as a focus for the interaction of members who share a common interest in a wide variety of issues concerning native and non - native english - speaking professionals in tesol . it creates a venue for identifying and addressing nnest - related issues and faciliating communication and networking both among is members and those of tesol at large .
we are excited to present our february 2017 issue with a variety of feature articles and brief reports . we also added a poll question for your consideration : “what are your thoughts about the current status and usefulness of nest and nnest as labels for teachers’ linguistic identities ? ” this question is not new , and has often been debated in the nnest circles , but we wanted to see what the larger community across the world thinks about this issue .
despite their many challenges , nnests are beginning to see themselves and to be viewed by others as equal partners in the elt profession , both in the institutions where they teach and within the professional organizations that represent them . in 1998 , tesol , an international professional association that represents teachers of english to speakers of other languages , approved the formation of the nnest caucus . ( in this context , nnest stands for nonnative english speakers in tesol . ) this recognition has given nonnative teachers more visibility in the profession and has helped create a professional environment for all tesol members , regardless of native language and place of birth ( nnest caucus web site , n . d . ) .
ana wu : as of july 2008 , the nnest caucus became an interest group . how do you think this change will affect the caucus and its members ? what would you suggest its members do or initiate after the transition ?
while most of my blog colleagues have become editors as a result of their expertise in nnest issues , my experience has been the opposite . i have developed my expertise in nnest issues by way of the blog and recommend it to anyone who wants to become familiarized with the field . through the life stories of the interviewees and the references provided in each interview , one can gain valuable insights into the issues and controversies regarding nnests in today’s academia and the elt industry .
thank you very much for joining us on the nnest - of - the - month blog . could you briefly tell us about your background and how you got interested in learning language and becoming an educator , especially a teacher of english ?
romney , m . ( 2010 ) . the colour of english . in a . mahboob ( ed . ) , the nnest lens : non native english speakers in tesol ( pp . 18–34 ) . newcastle , england : cambridge scholars .
the nnest of the month blog is a very stimulating and helpful blog which serves as an important platform particularly for all those esl / efl novice academic scholars and education practitioners across the world because it encapsulates what we are striving to do .
the feature articles in this issue cover a wide span of topics from various parts of the world . the first article , by natalia balyasnikova and roza kazakbaeva , explores language proficiency as a gatekeeper for kyrgyz and russian professionals in the united states . the second article , by keith graham , questions the usefulness of the nnest term and concludes that the term should be maintained for the advancement of the nnest mission of equality among all language teachers . the third article , by seullee talia lee , explores the needs of nnests and suggests implications for tesol programs to better support the professional advancement of nnests . the last article , by gökhan öztürk , questions the usefulness of nnest trainers in the turkish educational context and argues that the fallacy of nests as ideal esl teachers in the 80s and 90s has now expanded to nest trainers . finally , for our brief reports section , bárbara hernandes reflects on silvana richardson’s plenary and explores how the plenary inspired her work on nnest issues .
i think that the nnest of the month feature of the nnest - is blog epitomizes the ways in which we have achieved success : the blog features and honors members and nonmembers ; we honor leaders in the field and we honor noteworthy newbies ; the feature is explicitly about a person , and yet the professional orientation of the questions ( thanks to the skill and commitment of our interviewers over the years ) means that the features can at times provide citation in support of our research .
tesol nnest newsletter coeditors’ , bedrettin yazan and nathanael rudolph , term has ended . with the approval of the nnest - is steering committee , burcu ates and baburhan uzum are starting their term as coeditors effective as of the 2016 tesol annual convention in baltimore , maryland , usa . bedrettin and nathanael will do their best to enable a smooth transition in leadership , in the interest of maintaining the newsletter as a tool to reach the members of the community and to provide the members with voice .
the tesol nnest caucus turned is ( henceforth , nnest - is ) has done amazing work since its inception in 1998 . within our professional community at least , we have made great strides in weakening the native speaker fallacy ( phillipson , 1992 ) , we have created a robust , evergreen field of research , and we have established a community of like - minded professionals who are there to support each other whether they are just starting out in tesol or have been in the field for years .
i love the title , the nnest lens , because it urges me to run for the dictionary . is / are lens singular or plural ? can you say one len , two lens , three lenses ? after all , i am a . . .
in terms of research , students in graduate programs have often found nnest research a pathway to first publications . the subjects / informants are there in their grad school classes and very willing to help , and in a field where perceptions and attitudes play a large role ; studies that replicate previous research across different contexts are very welcome . but if you make nnest studies your primary research focus , will you be hired for tenure line positions ? will your focus on “identity studies” be viewed as “too soft” by prestige - hungry administrators , looking to enhance the profile of their institutions ? many might advise , “nnest research is a good way to get started , is a good way to expand the breadth of your publications , but don’t make it your primary field of research . ”
michael karas is a phd student at the university of western ontario . he has taught english in korea and china . his research interests include : nnest issues , silence and reticence in the english classroom and the lived experiences of foreign english teachers in efl contexts .
i was invited to join the nnest of the month blog ( nmb ) team just over a year ago , in february 2014 . at the time , i was a third - year doctoral student and was relatively new to the subfield of nnest issues . since then , i have had the opportunity to work with a wonderful team of researchers , teachers , educators , and writers to increase awareness of nnest issues in tesol and related fields , gain invaluable insights into said issues , and share best practices and ideas for future initiatives at various policy levels . guided by these three foci , this article reflects on interviews that have been conducted since i joined the team and attempts to develop current themes and future directions for researchers and practitioners , as well as for the blog team itself .
s article , “confessions of an enraced tesol professional , ” ( 2006 ) , he says that one of the presenters at 2005 tesol convention confined that she felt she didn’t belong in the nnest community . she was the only black professional and felt left out .
in the september 2016 tesol quarterly , two authors , aneja and ellis , call to rethink or eliminate the usage of the terms nest and nnest for defining teacher identity . aneja ( 2016 ) uses “narrative portraits” to show how terms such as nest and nnest do not always work to explain identity . in one such portrait , mark , an african american , shares how even as a teacher born in the united states , he has faced challenges being accepted as not only a native english speaker but also as an english teacher due to the dialect used in his community . aneja’s ( 2016 ) example shows that though mark may fit the textbook definition of nest , his reality is starkly different . another example is the portrait of neha , a woman raised in mumbai . as a person who learned english growing up in a natural way , she defined herself as a nest . however , when coming to the united states for graduate school , she realized that her accent made those around her classify her as an nnest . these two portraits call into question the definition of an nnest .
hao wang is a doctoral candidate in the curriculum & instruction department at the university of alabama . his research interests include language teacher and learner identity development , international teaching assistants , sociocultural / poststructural theory in second language acquisition , critical pedagogy , and nest / nnest issues .
their language . this negative professional self - image was compounded by my experience growing up in south korea , where the status of nests was greatly privileged . i witnessed that the legitimacy of an english teacher was often decided in the frame of the nnest / nest binary .
since exploring options for professional development of efl teachers is one of my areas of interest , i decided to submit the proposal on co - teaching and how it contributes to pd to the organizers of the iatefl conference in harrogate , uk . actually , i don’t think my presentation at the iatefl adds directly to the literature of nnest issues . but the outstanding presence of nnes teachers / researchers in equilibrium with nes teachers / researchers in their talks , workshops , and poster sessions on the global platforms of tesol international in the usa and iatefl in the uk is a good sign . it has inspired me to explore more research issues on nnest issues especially on nnest professional development opportunities and challenges and world englishes in glocal ( global + local ) contexts and to try to contribute significantly to the nepalese efl community at large .
selvi , a . f . ( 2010 ) . all teachers are equal , but some teachers are more equal than others : trend analysis of job advertisements in english language teaching . watesol nnest caucus annual review , 1 , 155–181 . retrieved october 21 , 2015 from : urltoken
mullock , b . ( 2010 ) . does a good language teacher have to be a native speaker ? in a . mahboob ( ed . ) , the nnest lens : non native english speakers in tesol ( pp . 87–113 ) . newcastle upon tyne : cambridge scholars .
we hope that this collection of articles will help address some of the ongoing questions in the nnest literature and will initiate productive conversations at the tesol conference in march 2017 and beyond . we want to extend our gratitude to the contributors and reviewers involved in putting this issue together .
i also asked only the previous interviewees some additional questions . while four of the eight had never read an nnest of the month interview before , seven of the eight said that they have read interviews after being interviewed . five of the eight told their colleagues or students about their interview , and also five of the eight received some response or comment from somebody who had read their interview . one wrote that s / he put this interview on his / her cv . one wrote
my friend who is an assistant professor in the tesol field read my nnest of the month blog and we had some conversation .
finally , only one of these previous interviewees reported having trouble sometimes accessing the nnest of the month blog website . another person wrote ,
i have no idea where the website is . . . sorry about that .
keith m . graham is currently the professional development coordinator for a private bilingual school in new taipei city , taiwan . he holds a master’s of education in international literacy from sam houston state university . his interests include nest / nnest issues , educational technology , and efl teacher training .
in past years , the nnest blog team has interviewed several guests from asian countries . our asian guests include young mi kim , hyun jin cho , and soonhyang kim from south korea ; xuan zheng , lawrence zhang , dilin liu , and liming deng from china ; li - fen lin , wen - hsing luo , pei - chia liao , and aiden yeh from taiwan ; icy lee from hong kong ; nugrahenny zacharias from indonesia ; linh phung from vietnam ; and more . in these interviews , the guests shared their stories , which illustrated the strong presence of an nnest movement in asian countries including general circumstances from the past to the present , the challenges that they have faced , and strategies they have used to tackle challenges . below , we will look closely at the nnest movement in the asian context based on the insights from those focused asian interviews .
to begin , this year is a significant one as the results of the governance review task force ( grtf ) were presented , in which the role of interest sections was reviewed . interest sections , like the nnest - is , are a vital part of tesol as knowledge - based member communities that provide a forum for information exchange and facilitate connecting with other colleagues who have similar interests . a task force is being developed to make recommendations on how the interest sections and the board can work more closely . your participation is essential . the future existence and nature of the nnest - is is dependent on nnest - is members volunteering to serve on this task force . we have been working to recruit members so we have representation during this process of change . if you are interested in learning more about the details of the grtf report , it is posted on the tesol website at urltoken .
have you looked for an english teaching job recently ? if you ' re a native english speaker teacher ( nest ) then you ' ll have seen an abundance of teaching opportunities out there . but for a non - native english speaker teacher ( nnest ) , it ' s a different story .
besides , in the working environment , the nnest role is regarded to be more practice - oriented than academic . for example , when i presented a research project to the university research office for funding , the person in charge doubted : “english is only a communicative tool ; there is no academic research involved in english teaching . ” though my research project was approved finally , i became frustrated and confused about “who i am and what value my profession has . ” is an nnest only a practitioner in the education academia ? is the only thing that i can do to receive such a role submissively ?
next , some prominent topics discussed at the convention this year were the readiness of nnest graduate students working as program administrators , the challenges and opportunities that come with collaborative teaching , particularly between nests and nnests , and best practices for institutions when hiring , promoting , and mentoring nonnative and native english speakers .
the nnest of the month blog posted its first interview in 2005 , and since then there have been 109 more interviews ( as of may , 2015 ) . like most organic entities , our blog is continually evolving . some changes are inevitable and occur naturally . but we always welcome readers’ input , for our goal is to make our blog as interesting and useful to as many people in the nnest community as possible , and without input we can only guess what most of you , our readers , want . for my contribution to this special issue of the nnest newsletter , we thought it would be useful to survey readers of our blog . i also sent the survey , with some additional questions , to most of the interviewees i have interviewed in the past couple of years . i received 26 completed surveys through the surveymonkey website . eighteen responded to my announcement on the nnest - is listserv , and another eight were people whom i have interviewed . although this is certainly not a big response , i did find the responses interesting and informative . not all respondents finished all the questions , so not all the numbers below add up to 26 . but most answered most of the questions , and some added interesting comments .
this is only a sample of things that the members in the new is can do . many of the members already engage in this work , and we should encourage our new members and other colleagues who may not be a part of the nnest is to all work with us for the benefit of all .
want to read more about the people who are interested in / writing / talking / discussing a wide variety of issues including nnest , world english , and english as an international language ( eil ) ? then , our nnest of the month blog is the right place for you ! our guests are people just like you : graduate students , novice instructors or experienced professionals with sound reputation in teaching esl / efl or applied linguistics field . did you know that our blog project is almost a decade a old and brought us more than 100 people ? you can learn more about this exciting project in a newsletter article by terry doyle .
perhaps most significant of all , being a nnest might actually give you certain advantages as a teacher . for example , you can better anticipate students’ problems , serve as a successful learning model or understand how the learners feel . actually , in a recent post james taylor went as far as wishing he were a non–native speaker .
shu - chun tseng is currently a chinese teacher at warsaw community schools in warsaw , indiana , usa . she completed her doctorate in curriculum and instruction with a concentration in language education at indiana state university in 2011 . her research interests include teacher identity , learner identity , nnest issues , teacher education , and professional development .
firstly , let me say that the title of this post is a lie . i don’t wish i was a non - native english speaker teacher ( nnest ) . as someone from the uk who teaches english as a foreign language , the country of my birth is a huge advantage to me . as has been well documented
here’s a selection of external links to academic papers and blog posts which give you an overview of the current thinking about nnest and nest issues . the articles are publicly available on the internet , or the author has given permission to share them here . if you know any articles that could be added to the [ … ]
it’s clear from the responses to the survey that discrimination can be justified in a number of different ways . however , much of the justification provided seems to shy away from individual responsibility to the situation . market demand is a convenient excuse to prefer caucasian teachers as accusations of racism can then be firmly levelled at the customer in the same way that seeking nest has frequently drawn the comment “i’d love to hire nnest , but the students want natives” . despite the convenience though , it’s a cowardly and reckless response . as long as language schools continue to persist with nest / nnest labels , they perpetuate the idea that there is somehow a difference between the two and no amount of insistence of market demand can abdicate them from the responsibility of creating such demand . a demand , incidentally , that there is no academic evidence of . ability to do the job is a much more acceptable justification to prefer one group over another and would rarely be described as discrimination . however , there is , again , no evidence that a nest is any more capable of teaching idiomatic language or pronunciation than a nnest only that some individuals are better than others . there are nnest with tremendous language proficiency and phonological ability just as there are nest with pronunciation and grammar that few would identify as native and vice - versa .
ask _ may _ 2008 . pdf the may 2008 newsletter of the seoul chapter of kotesol . there ' s an interesting article starting on page 20 :
strengths as a nnest in teaching academic speaking
by kumi iwasaki and another on page 16 :
the influence of korean phonology on english pronunciation
by jonghee shadix .
the following year , i incorporated nnest issues into the syllabus of the seminar entitled psycholinguistics ( see chacón , 2009a , “transforming the curriculum of nnests : introducing critical language awareness ( cla ) in a teacher education program ” ) that i have been teaching since 2004 , as a regular class for fifth - year prospective teachers . i have students read , discuss , and debate articles from the nnest caucus as well as from selected readings by scholars ( amin , 1997 ; braine , 1999 ; lippi - green , 1997 , among others ) . the course goal is to help them open up their awareness of the relationship between language , race , and power .
it is a well - known fact that there a far more countries where english is spoken as a foreign language than as a first language , which means that most speakers of english are nonnatives ; among them , there are many are people of color . consequently , like no other tesol caucus , the nnest and the ibpft are uniquely positioned to raise awareness among employers , students , and parents about the value of nnest and esl professionals of color . i readily admit that at the time of this writing i have no clue how exactly one would go about in doing that ; this is another reason why the leaders of the two caucuses should consult one another .


mutual film company is an american film production company based in hollywood , california .

the company was founded by film producers mark gordon and gary levinsohn in 1994 as cloud nine entertainment .

mutual is a film financier that was involved in the co-production of feature films .

mutual notably co-produced and financed several feature films for paramount pictures and universal studios .

mutual film company

…the spring of 1912 ( the mutual film corporation and the universal film manufacturing company ) .
thanhouser company film preservation is a co - founder and proud sponsor of the international youth silent film festival .
from its founding in 1909 through 1917 , thanhouser company , and its successor company , mutual ' s thanhouser film corporation , produced and released over 1 , 000 silent films to worldwide distribution .
mutual film company is located in culver city , california . this organization primarily operates in the motion picture production business / industry within the motion pictures sector . this organization has been operating for approximately 17 years . mutual film company is estimated to generate $ 251 , 220 in annual revenues , and employs approximately 2 people at this single location .
charles chaplin was delighted when he began fulfilling his 1916 contract with the mutual film company , a distribution outfit that handled the films of many of the top film producers of the time . the contract was the first made with chaplin’s own production company , which meant that he could produce his comedies with total creative control .
the patriot columbia pictures presents a mutual film company production ; a centropolis entertainment production ; written by robert rodat ; produced by dean devlin , mark gordon and gary levinsohn ; directed by roland emmerich .
what made villa’s contract so odd , though , was its terms , or at least the terms it was said to have contained . here’s how the agreement he reached with the mutual film company is usually described :
reviews of silent film releases on home video . copyright © 1999 - 2018 by carl bennett and the silent era company . all rights reserved .
snakes on a plane new line cinema presents a mutual film company production ; a david r . ellis film ; produced by gary levinsohn , don granger , craig berenson ; screenplay by john heffernan and sebastian gutierrez ; story by david dalessandro and john heffernan ; directed by david r . ellis .
the patriot [ videorecording ] / columbia pictures presents a mutual film company production ; a centropolis entertainment production ; written by robert rodat ; produced by dean devlin , mark gordon and gary levinsohn ; directed by roland emmerich . – national library
logo : the 3d blue name
mutual film company
, in a corporate font , zoom from the right side and place itself over the blue box with golden outline , which fades in . the shadows are seen . as the name zooms , the sun blink plays on it . fx / sfx : the company name zooming out , the sun .
snakes on a plane [ videorecording ] / new line cinema presents a mutual film company production ; a david r . ellis film ; produced by gary levinsohn , don granger , craig berenson ; screenplay by john heffernan and sebastian gutierrez ; story by david dalessandro and john heffernan ; directed by david r . ellis . – national library
today , chaplin’s mutual series is recognized as one of the most inspired creative bursts in film history . produced during his third year of filmmaking , the 12 mutual comedies mark not the culmination of a career but merely the closing of a single chapter . over the 18 months it took to complete the series , his characterizations and scenarios significantly matured . his first mutual releases , such as
taken from : lara croft : tomb raider - the cradle of life ( 2003 ) ( c ) 2003 mutaul film company / paramount pictures . ( c ) 2003 paramount home video .
the mutual comedies show signs of chaplin maturing as a cinema artist . his mutual stories became more carefully constructed and less reliant on senseless bash - and - bop slapstick . the gags show flashes of comic brilliance . — carl bennett
the eternal film ( h . k . ) co . ( hong kong )
fellow ' s favorite pastime is drinking and chasing women . the film opens in
keystone comedy , the knockout is really a roscoe
fatty
arbuckle film .
this , his thirty - first comedy for keystone . the film is a direct
unusual state for his film character . his wife , played by mabel normand ,
while at mutual , chaplin assembled a dedicated company , the core of which stuck with him their entire careers . edna purviance appeared as his leading lady in all 34 films that he made between 1915 and 1923 . screen newcomers albert austin and eric campbell , whom chaplin knew from his vaudeville days , also never worked for any other moviemaker . henry bergman , the only one of chaplin’s players who joined mutual with extensive film experience , appeared in every chaplin film for the next 20 years . cameraman rollie totheroh photographed chaplin’s films through 1947’s
you are only permitted to claim ownership and remove one company profile . you have previously claimed ownership and removed the profile for :
races , the first released film with the tramp , but released a week later .
over his lost love . the film is a farce , a parody of the overacted
hat ( similar to his costume in his first film , making a living ) .
keystone park / hotel farces with a few twists added in . the film opens in
pancho villa , seen here in a still taken from mutual’s exclusive 1914 film footage . but did the mexican rebel really sign a contract agreeing to fight his battles according to the ideas of a hollywood director ?
this early dvd collection of four of the twelve chaplin mutual comedies slightly improves upon the previously - released laserdisc boxset edition of 1995 , which marked the third time the mutual films had been released on laserdisc . each successive edition improved on its predecessor . picture quality has improved . each film is more complete in content . and each film is slightly windowboxed to allow the maximum picture area to be seen on all televisions .
2018 © san francisco silent film festival . true art transcends time . all rights reserved .
send a crew out to a local dance hall where some of the film was shot .
role in this film went on to perform roles in half of chaplin ' s keystones .
schade , who is also in this film as a singer . he plays many roles in
but the contract between the rebel leader and mutual films proves to have been a good deal less proscriptive than popularly supposed . the only surviving copy , unearthed in a mexico city archive by villa’s biographer friedrich katz , lacks all the eye - opening clauses that have made it famous : “there was absolutely no mention of reenactment of battle scenes or of villa providing good lighting , ” katz explained . “what the contract did specify was that the mutual film company was granted exclusive rights to film villa’s troops in battle , and that villa would receive 20 % of all revenues that the films produced . ”
the face upon the floor
. the film begins in a saloon where charlie , a
also marked the end of eric campbell’s brief screen career . the six - foot five , 300 - pound scottish actor , who had joined mutual to play the “heavy” in chaplin’s comedies , was killed in an automobile accident shortly after the film’s release .
in 1914 , the mexican rebel signed a contract with an american newsreel company that required him to fight for the cameras . too good to be true ? not entirely
5 .
ride for a bride
( 1913 ) working title :
the golf ball
finished or shipped : november 1 , 1913 . released november 1st , 1913 . keystone film company . 1 reel . directed by george nichols . starring roscoe arbuckle with edgar kennedy .
thierry lemoine’s 1999 filmography , entitled balboa films : a filmography lists the total of 237 + productions for 1913 - 1918 alone , not including productions at the same studio site once called the california motion picture manufacturing company ( 1910 - 1913 ) , followed by various other film companies using balboa studio between 1918 - 1922 after the horkheimers faced insolvency ( 1918 ) and ceased their own balboa film production .
13 .
the chicken chaser
( 1914 ) working title :
new yard lovers
. finished or shipped : march 15 , 1914 . released 2 april , 1914 . keystone film company . directed by roscoe arbuckle . starring roscoe arbuckle , the keystone kops including edgar kennedy .
' the films are shipped by the manufacturers to the film exchanges inclosed in circular metal boxes , each of which metal boxes is in turn inclosed in a fiber or wooden container . the film is in most cases wrapped around a spool or core in a circle within the metal case . sometimes the film is received by the film exchange wound on a reel , which consists of a cylindrical core with circular flanges to prevent the film from slipping off the core , and when so wound on the reel is also received in metal boxes , as above described . when the film is not received on a reel , it is , upon receipt , taken from the metal box , wound on a reel , and then replaced in the metal box . so wound and so inclosed in metal boxes , the films are shipped by the film
25 .
the noise of bombs
( 1914 ) working title :
the blackhanders
. finished and shipped : november 3 , 1914 . released november 19 , 1914 . keystone film company . 1 reel . with charlie murray , and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the chief of police .
huerta got things off and running , compelling the cameramen who filmed his campaigns to screen their footage for him so he could censor it . but villa was the one who maximized his opportunities . the upshot , four years into the war , was the rebel general’s acceptance of the mutual film contract .
exchanges to their customers . the customers take the film as it is wound on the reel from the metal box , and exhibit the pictures in their projecting machines , which are so arranged as to permit of the unwinding of the film from the reel on which it is shipped . during exhibition , the reel of film is unwound from one reel and rewound in reverse order on a second reel . after exhibition , it must be again unwound from the second reel from its reverse position and replaced on the original reel in its proper position . after the exhibitions for the day are over , the film is replaced in the metal box and returned to the film exchange , and this process is followed from day to day during the life of the film . ' all shipments of films from manufacturers to film exchanges , from film exchanges to exhibitors , and from exhibitors back to film exchanges , are made in accordance with regulations of the interstate commerce commission , one of which provides as follows :
moving picture films must be placed in metal cases , packed in strong and tight wooden boxes of fiber pails .
jura and bardin’s research also involves balboa productions , 1913 - 1918 , as well as movie production prior to the establishment of the balboa amusement producing company , namely the preceding california motion picture manufacturing company ( 1910 - 1913 ) at the very same site , and after 1918 , those productions during the last five years of studio production in long beach ( 1918 - 1923 ) .
also marks the first appearance of henry bergman in a chaplin film , beginning a streak that continued until bergman’s death in 1946 .
9 .
in the clutches of a gang
( 1914 ) working title :
the disguised mayor
. finished or shipped : december 11 , 1913 . released 17 january , 1914 . keystone film company . 2 reels . directed by george nichols . starring roscoe arbuckle , ford sterling , hank mann and edgar kennedy .
( 1917 ) . it took him four months to complete the film , which included hundreds of takes shot on santa monica’s beaches .
the first time i ever had heard of pancho villa , was from a young indiana jones movie . many of us , however , can recall villa ' s part in the mexican revolution from history class back in middle school . my memory of film and villa is closer to actuality than i had anticipated . see , pancho villa ( born doroteo arango ) was just as much of a raging war soldier as he was a silverscreen star .
in 1914 , villa signed a contract with the mutual film corporation of new york that essentially sold the movie rights of the revolution to mutual for $ 25 , 000 and a share of the profits .
(
whatever the variations in accounts of pancho’s film deal , though , it ends the same way . there’s always this sting in the tale :
the british film institute has compiled an excellent filmography with plenty of information on chaplin’s films , including detailed descriptions of the very early shorts .
12 .
his favorite pastime
( 1914 ) working title :
the drunk
. released 16 march , 1914 . ( reissued as
the bonehead
,
charlie is thirsty
) keystone film company . 1 reel . directed by george nichols . starring roscoe arbuckle , charles chaplin , hank mann , peggy pearce , and edgar kennedy .
a recent discovery as a previously unknown appearance , a thief catcher is actually a ford sterling film , with chaplin appearing briefly as a keystone kop . film historian and preservationist paul gierucki found a 16mm print of it by chance in 2010 at an antiques show in michigan . after consultations with other silent film experts , chaplin was recognized in the film . a thief catcher was released on february 19 , 1914 , nine days before between showers . it co - stars mack swain and edgar kennedy as burglars whom sheriff sterling is pursuing . chaplin appears as one of two cops who rescue sterling from captivity by the yeggmen .
nothing in this first report suggests that the contract was anything more than a broad agreement guaranteeing privileged access for mutual’s cameramen . a few weeks later , though , came word of the battle of ojinaga , a northern town defended by a force of 5 , 000 federales , and for the first time there were hints that the contract included special clauses . several newspapers reported that villa had captured ojinaga only after a short delay while mutual’s cameramen moved into position .
contemporary sources make it easy to understand why mutual had this sudden change of heart . villa had kept his side of the bargain ; the company’s cameramen had secured the promised exclusive footage of the battle of ojinaga . but when the results of these initial efforts reached new york on january 22 , they proved disappointing . the footage was no more dramatic than that filmed earlier in the war without the benefit of any contract . as moving picture world reported on january 24 :
jack the ripper comes loping again out of the 1888 london fog in yet another version of his crimes , his motives and his often - surmised , never - proved identity . deadly dull and begging , entry imported from australia dies not of strangulation or slashing but of ennui . filmed in melbourne , australia , by michael r . joyce prods . , mutual film co . [ … ]
when the completed film was brought back to hollywood , it was found too unbelievable to be released—and most of it had to be reshot on the studio lot .
21 .
the rounders
( 1914 ) working title :
the two dunks
. finished or shipped : august 21 , 1914 . released : september 7 , 1914 . keystone film company . 1 reel . directed by charles chaplin . starring roscoe arbuckle , charles chaplin , minta durfee , phyllis allen , al st john , charles parrott and edgar kennedy . reissued as
the two drunks
( 1916 ) was the eighth of the mutual comedies and highlighted chaplin’s virtuosity on roller skates , a skill he had previously demonstrated in the vaudeville skit “skating . ” as he often did with successful bits , he reprised his skate work in
involved in the research , acquisition , preservation and publication of educational materials related to the early silent motion picture era , with a specific focus on the thanhouser film enterprise .
3 .
heinze ' s resurrection
( 1913 ) released : 17 february , 1913 . keystone / mutual . directed by mack sennett . starring mabel normand , ford sterling , fred mace , nick cogley , betty schade and edgar kennedy .
mpaa rating : r ; for language , a scene of sexuality and drug use , and intense sequences of terror and violence . board of film censors , singapore : m18 .
2 .
mabel ' s heroes
( 1913 ) released : 13 february , 1913 . keystone / mutual . directed by george nichols . starring mabel normand , mack sennett , ford sterling , fred mace , hank mann , nick cogley and edgar kennedy .
previously we recommended the now out - of - print the chaplin mutuals dvd series with the caveat noted that there was missing footage . david shepard has now released a new edition of the chaplin mutual comedies that are more complete and feature some improvement in visual quality .
charlie chaplin ' s twentieth film for keystone marks a turning point in his career . from this point on , with one exception , he was to write and direct all his future films .
the ambition is to build dublin bay studios as a world - class studio location by creating ireland’s largest full - service film , tv and digital content production studios at poolbeg west in dublin city centre .
a tiny handful of cameramen were luckier , and , given precisely the right circumstances , could obtain useful action footage . another newsreel man who filmed the early stages of the revolution told the film historian robert wagner that
it ' s a keystone , with chaplin in street clothes , mabel normand at the switchboard , and an unidentified third person . it ' s not the normand film
hello mabel
as was once suggested . there ' s a possibility that the stills come from a late 1913 production
how motion pictures are made
which was shot during chaplin ' s earliest days at keystone . below is a poster from that film :
4 .
mabel ' s awful mistake
( 1913 ) working title :
the saw mill
. date finished or shipped : april 5 , 1913 . released : 12 may , 1913 . keystone - mutual . directed by mack sennett . starring mabel normand , mack sennett , ford sterling and edgar kennedy .
8 .
mabel ' s stormy love affair
( 1914 ) working title :
servant hero
. finished or shipped december 14 , 1913 . released 5 january , 1914 . keystone - mutual . directed by mabel normand . starring mabel normand , alice davenport , nick cogley , hank mann and edgar kennedy .
14 .
the star boarder
( 1914 ) working title :
the hash - house hero
finished or shipped : march 19 , 1914 . released april 4 , 1914 . keystone film company . 1 reel . directed by george nichols . also known as
hash - house herc
( 1914 ) ,
in love with his landlady
( 1914 ) ,
landlady ' s pet
( 1914 ) . starring charlie chaplin , minta durfee , alice davenport , gordon griffith with edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the landlady ' s husband .
street fighting is the easiest to film , for if you can get to a good location on a side street , you have the protection of all the intervening buildings from artillery and rifle fire , while you occasionally get the chance to shoot a few feet of swell film . i got some great stuff in mexico city , a few days before madero was killed . one fellow , not twenty feet from my camera , had his head shot off .
“fulfilling the mutual contract , i suppose , was the happiest period of my career , ” chaplin later recalled . “i was light and unencumbered , twenty - seven years old , with fabulous prospects and a friendly , glamorous world before me . within a short time i would be a millionaire—it all seemed slightly mad . ” mutual sought to retain the comedian by offering him a million dollars for eight additional films , but chaplin was ready for independence . on november 1917 , he gathered up his loyal team and broke ground near a citrus grove at the corner of le brea and de longpre for charlie chaplin studios . he went on to create his masterpieces
6 .
cohen saves the flag
( 1913 ) working title :
the jewish soldier
. finished or shipped : april 8 , 1913 . released : 27 november , 1913 . keystone - mutual . directed by mack sennett . starring mabel normand , ford sterling , hank mann , nick cogley and edgar kennedy .
16 .
twenty minutes of love
( 1914 ) working title :
passing of time
1 reel . finished or shipped : march 28 , 1914 . released april 20 , 1914 . keystone film company . directed by madden . supervised by mack sennett . also known as
cops and watches
( 1914 ) ,
he loves her so
( 1914 ) ,
love - friend
( 1914 ) . with charles chaplin , minta durfee , chester conklin , emma clifton and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the lover or an ardent suitor .
10 .
won in a closet
( 1914 ) working title :
the rube
. finished or shipped : december 39 , 1913 . released : january 22 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . directed by mabel normand . starring mabel normand , harry mccoy , alice davenport , hank mann , nick cogley and edgar kennedy .
22 .
dough and dynamite
( 1914 ) working title :
in trouble
, finished or shipped : september 18 , 1914 . released october 26 , 1914 . keystone film company . 2 reels . directed by charlie chaplin . also known as
the cook
( 1914 ) ,
the doughnut designer
( 1914 ) ,
the new cook
( 1914 ) . with charlie chaplin , chester conklin , fritz schade , norma nichols , vivian edwards , cecile arnold , jack dillon , phyllis allen , slim summerville , charlie chase , and edgar kennedy . reissued as
the doughnut designers
and
the cook
edgar kennedy played striking baker
while chaplin’s onscreen persona is primarily remembered today as “the tramp , ” each of his mutual comedies feature chaplin as a different character in different settings . he intended this variety from the outset , telling interviewer kitty kelly on march 10 , 1916 , “i’ll keep the moustache , but won’t stick to the clothes . it’ll depend on what the circumstances demand . ” chaplin plays a vagrant only in
19 .
the knock - out
( 1914 ) working title :
fighting demon
. finished or shipped : may 29 , 1914 . released 11 june , 1914 ( reissued as
the pugilist
, and
counted out
) keystone film company . 2 reels . directed by mack sennett , charles avery , and roscoe arbuckle . also known as
counted out
( 1914 ) ,
the pugilist
( 1914 ) . starring roscoe arbuckle , mabel normand , charles chaplin , minta durfee , mack swain , eric campbell , mack sennett , ford stirling , al st john , hank mann , george
slim
summerville , charles parrott , and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played cyclone flynn , the champion .
24 .
tillie ' s punctured romance
( 1914 ) working title :
dressler no . 1
. finished or shipped july 25 , 1914 . released november 14 , 1914 . keystone film company . ( mack sennett ' s first film to run 6 reels . until then all sennett films ran one or two reels . ) directed by mack sennett . also known as
for the love of tillie
( 1914 ) ,
marie ' s millions
( 1914 ) ,
tillie ' s big romance
( 1914 ) ,
tillie ' s nightmare
( 1914 ) . starring charlie chaplin , mabel normand , marie dressler , mack swain , charles bennett , charles chase , chester conklin , charles murray , minta durfee , gordon grimth , phyllis allen , alice davenport , harry mccoy , alice howell , wallace macdonald , hank mann , slim summerville , al st john , eddie sutherland , billie bennett , c . g . ligon , joe bordeaux and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the restaurant owner .
within a statement released by dublin bay studios in response to the publication of the draft they have said , that the hollywood - style film studio on dublin’s poolbeg peninsula would create 1 , 800 direct and 1 , 800 indirect jobs for irish creative talent and for local people in dublin’s inner city .
the horkheimer brothers purchased the cmpmc in april 1913 . five years later , after a meteoric rise and spectacular heyday , the studio went into receivership , march 25 , 1918 , stunning the movie business , eventually going up for sale in october 1918 . the italicized film companies below belonged to the horkheimer bros .
“we welcome the publication today of the draft poolbeg west planning scheme and the confirmation by dublin city council that it supports commercial uses associated with ‘media , digital media and film production’ within the scheme . we have submitted a detailed proposal to dublin city council and we look forward to continuing to work with all stakeholders to make this vision a reality .
15 .
mabel at the wheel
( 1914 ) working title :
racing queen
reissued as
a hot finish
. finished or shipped : march 31 , 1914 . released april 18 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . 2 reels . directed by mack sennett and mabel normand . starring mabel normand , charlie chaplin , fred mace , joe bordeaux , harry mccoy , mack sennett , al st john , william seiter , minta durfee , alice davenport , chester conklin and edgar kennedy .
23 .
gentlemen of nerve
( 1914 ) working title :
attending the races
. finished or shipped : october 7 , 1914 . released : october 29 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . 1 reel . directed by charles chaplin . also known as
charlie at the races
( 1914 ) ,
some nerve
( 1914 ) . starring mabel normand , charlie chaplin , chester conklin , mack swain , charlie chase , phyllis allen , slim summerville and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the policeman .
26 .
getting acquainted
( 1914 ) working title :
the flirts
. 2 reels . finished or shipped : november 22 , 1914 . released december 5 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . 1 reel . written and directed by charlie chaplin . also known as
exchange is no robbery
( 1914 ) ,
fair exchange
( 1914 ) ,
hello everybody
( 1914 ) with charlie chaplin , mabel normand , mack swain , phyllis allen , harry mccoy , cecile arnold and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the turk .
1 .
hoffmeyer ' s legacy
( 1912 ) working title :
false alarms
. could be called
the bangville police
date finished or shipped march 17 , 1913 . released 24 april , 1913 . keystone / mack sennett . 1 reel . directed by henry lehrman . the first keystone film with the keystone kops . starring ford sterling , fred mace , nick cogley and edgar kennedy .
…then somewhere out of that tangle of guns a bullet cuts its way . “za - zing ! ” i heard it whistle . the splinters cut my face as it hit the camera . it ripped the side open and smashed the little wooden magazine . i sprang crazily to stop it with my hands . but out of the box coiled the precious film . stretching and glistening in the sun , it fell and died .
in 1914 , a hollywood motion picture company signed a contract with mexican revolutionary leader pancho villa in which he agreed to fight his revolution according to the studio’s scenario in return for $ 25 , 000 . the hollywood crew went down to mexico and joined villa’s guerrilla force . the director told pancho villa where and how to fight his battles . the cameraman , since he could only shoot in daylight , made pancho villa start fighting every day at 9 : 00 a . m . and stop at 4 : 00 p . m . —sometimes forcing villa to cease his real warring until the cameras could be moved to a new angle .
it is true that the statute requires them to be submitted to the board before they are delivered to the exhibitor , but we have seen that the films are shipped to ' exchanges ' and by them rented to exhibitors , and the ' exchanges ' are described as ' nothing more or less than circulating libraries or clearing houses . ' and one film ' serves in many theaters from day to day until it is worn out . '
20 .
mabel ' s busy day
( 1914 ) working title :
weine story
finished or shipped : may 30 , 1914 . released : june 13 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . 1 reel . directed by charlie chaplin and mabel normand . also known as
charlie and the sausages
( 1914 ) ,
hot dogs
( 1914 ) ,
love and lunch
( 1914 ) . starring mabel normand , charlie chaplin , chester conklin , harry mccoy , charlie chase , slim summerville , al st john , billie bennett , wallace macdonald and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played one of the cops .
in lemoine’s research , some of the consulted periodicals were british , but most of them were american . since the balboa studio was fully independent and without any long - term connection with a large us exchange company , it must be emphasized that some pictures , including features , never got a national release . some of them were presented in england , but not in the u . s . , while others probably only knew a limited and regional release . for example , this is the case of the first five - reel feature directed by henry king , the brand of man ( 1915 ) , totally unknown in every periodical listed below , and therefore also unknown in the afi catalog .
aspect ratio : 2 . 35 : 1 ; dual - layer . originally released as a motion picture in 2000 . special features include : director roland emmerich , producer dean devlin commentary , visual effects interactive featurette , battlefield featurette :
the art of war
, the true patriots featurette , conceptual art to film comparisons , deleted scenes with optional commentary by filmmakers , photo galleries , theatrical trailers , talent files , interactive menus with animation , production notes , scene selection with motion images .
afi catalog , feature films , 1911 - 1920 american film - inde x by einar lauritzen & gunnar lundquist balboa films by jean - jacques jura and rodney norman bardin copyright entries at the library of congress de pathé frères à pathé cinéma ( henri bousquet , france ) house organs of pathé frères et pathé exchange ( u . s . , u . k . ) , selig , kalem , press clippings from the balboa press ( christine burnett , long beach public library ) william desmond taylor by bruce long
17 .
caught in a cabaret
( 1914 ) working title
the waiter
, reissued as
the jazz waiter
. finished or shipped : april 11 , 1914 . released april 27 , 1914 . keystone - mutual . 2 reels . directed by mabel normand and charlie chaplin . also known as
faking with society
( 1914 ) ,
the jazz waiter
( 1914 ) ,
the waiter
( 1914 )
prime minister charlie
with charlie chaplin , mabel normand , harry mccoy , chester conklin , mack swain , minta durfee , phyllis allen , gordon griffith , hank mann , alice howell , wallace macdonald , joseph swickard , leo white , alice davenport and edgar kennedy . edgar kennedy played the cafe proprietor .
in addition to selling films in ohio , complainant has a film exchange in detroit , michigan , from which it rents or leases large quantities to exhibitors in the latter state and in ohio . the business of that exchange and those in ohio is to purchase films from complainant and other manufacturers of films and rent them to exhibitors for short periods at stated weekly rentals . the amount of rentals depends upon the number of reels rented , the frequency of the changes of subject , and the age or novelty of the reels rented . the frequency of exhibition is described . it is the custom of the business , observed by all manufacturers , that a subject shall be released or published in all theaters on the same day , which is known as release day , and the age or novelty of the film depends upon the proximity of the day of exhibition to such release day . films so shown have never been shown in public , and the public to whom they appeal is therefore unlimited . such public becomes more and more limited by each additional exhibition of the reel .
bousquet , henri . de pathé frères à pathé cinéma : catalogue 1915 , 1916 , 1917 , 1918 . paris : édition henri bousquet , 1999 . burnett , claudine . program guide : rediscovering long beach’s film heritage . long beach public library , nov . 9 , 1996 . combes , helen . “bill’s sweetheart . ” the kinetogram . may 1913 : 4 & 16 . kallan , carla . “pioneer policewoman . ” the fedco reporter . may 12 - 30 , 1999 : 44 . williams , tony . letter to the authors . january 12 , 2000 .
the objection to the statute is that it furnishes no standard of what is educational , moral , amusing , or harmless , and hence leaves decision to arbitrary judgment , whim , and caprice ; or , aside from those extremes , leaving it to the different views which might be entertained of the effect of the pictures , permitting the ' personal equation ' to enter , resulting ' in unjust discrimination against some propagandist film , ' while others might be approved without question . but the statute by its provisions guards against such variant judgments , and its terms , like other
which is vested only in the general assembly of the state , subject to a referendum vote of the people , in that it gives to the board the power to determine the application of the statute without fixing any standard by which the board shall be guided in its determination , and places it in the power of the board , acting with similar boards in other states , to reject , upon any whim or caprice , any film which may be presented , and power to determine the legal status of the foreign board or boards , in conjunction with which it is empowered to act .
the board has demanded of complainant that it submit its films to censorship , and threatens , unless complainant complies with the demand , to arrest any and all persons who seek to place on exhibition any film not so censored or approved by the censor congress on and after november 4 , 1913 , the date to which the act was extended . it is physically impossible to comply with such demand and physically impossible for the board to censor the films with such rapidity as to enable complainant to proceed with its business , and the delay consequent upon such examination would cause great and irreparable injury to such business , and would involve a multiplicity of suits .
the best solution , as more than one film unit discovered , was to wait for the fighting to die down and then enlist any nearby soldiers to produce a lively but sanitized “reconstruction . ” there were sometimes hidden dangers in this , too—one cameraman , who persuaded a group of soldiers to “fight” some invading americans , only narrowly escaped with his life when the mexicans realized they were being portrayed as cowards being soundly thrashed by the upstanding yankees . feeling “that the honor of their nation was being besmirched , ” the historian margarita de orellana says , “ decided to change the story and defend themselves , firing off a volley of bullets . a real fight then ensued . ”
while the practice of faking footage was widespread throughout the mexican war , and many of the pioneer filmmakers were remarkably open about it in their memoirs , little mention was made of it at the time . indeed , those who flocked to the cinema to see newsreels of the mexican war ( which the evidence suggests were among the most popular films of the period ) were encouraged to believe they were seeing the real thing—the film companies competed vigorously to advertise their latest reels as unprecedentedly realistic . to take only one example , frank jones’s early war with huerta was billed in moving picture world as “positively the greatest mexican war picture ever made… . do you realize that it is not a posed picture , but taken on the field of action ? ”
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jack the ripper comes loping again out of the 1888 london fog in yet another version of his crimes , his motives and his often - surmised , never - proved identity . deadly dull and begging , entry imported from australia dies not of strangulation or slashing but of ennui .
with : cast : patrick bergin , gabrielle anwar , samuel west , michael york , adam couper , essie davis , olivia hamnett , karen davitt , damien pree , stewart morritt , kevin miles , john gregg , frank whitten , peter collingwood , josephine keen , lisle jones , anthony morton , christopher kemp , stephen sheehan , caroline huff , denzil howson , justin parslow , jessica muschamp , david clisby , richie akers , john murphy , sally anne upton , curtis barnott , maureen edwards , suzy cato , peter stratford , peter hardy , shaun murphy , grant smith , dawn klingberg , dean barton - ancliffe , hamish hughes , lawrence price , tim wood , john turner , colin duckworth , michael fry , di diddle , anny fodor , ross mathers , santha press , stephen mcintyre , monty maizels , andrew shortell .
rodat’s simplistic format introduces prince eddie ( samuel west ) , queen victoria’s grandson and eldest son of the prince of wales , as the syphilitic killer who’s taking vengeance on whores . the vidpic displays how dastardly he is by showing him setting his horse afire for throwing him , and indicates fairly graphically how he gets his jollies by knocking off these backwater hookers .
hansen’s superior , famed charles warren ( michael york ) , tries matching hansen with upper - crust beauty lady bookman ( essie davis ) , who falls for him . in charge of the ripper case , hansen runs across witness florry ( gabrielle anwar ) , who , in this fictional account , actually saw the killer going about his business . she screams “fire ! , ” but he gets away . while trying to get reluctant mill worker florry to describe jack , hansen starts falling for her . invited to the prestigious benton street club where warren and prince edward hang out , hansen begins getting ideas about the lofty prince eddie .
but under janet meyers’ plodding direction the pace often all but jells . conversational exchanges turn stilted , and there’s little suspense . but there are a few instances when the telepic wakes up , as when prince edward adjusts hansen’s tie . it’s about this time that the prince starts looking consciously dotty .
bergin’s hansen appears businesslike , even as he woos his girl . anwar’s trying - to - be - good florry offers a good bit of spirit . york’s warren suffices , while davis makes evelyn bookman a charmer despite the flat role she’s handed . as for prince eddie , west does the traditional sinking - into - madness routine about as well as can be expected .
thanks to tim ferrier’s appropriate production designs , there’s a sense of period and of class distinctions . lots of appropriate horse - and - carriage views , mahogany cabinet rooms and cobblestone alleyways give the telefilm exactly what audiences expect of late - victorian ambience .
martin mcgrath’s camerawork is good on atmosphere , short on animated setups . elba sanchez - short’s editing is at times abrupt . terry ryan’s costumes are on target , and mason daring’s music remains unobtrusive , except for the happily ominous opening .
the vidpic’s epilogue pretty well cinches eddie for the job of jack the ripper . the meller preceding the tag , though , is scarcely proof ; and any telefilm that can make jack the ripper’s story monotonous isn’t very convincing .
production : starz ! , sat . dec . 6 , 8 p . m .
crew : camera , martin mcgrath ; editor , elba sanchez - short ; production designer , tim ferrier ; art director , michelle mcgahey ; costume designer , terry ryan ; sound , gary wilkins ; music , mason daring ; casting , mary gail artz , barbara cohen ; liz mullinar ( australia ) ; simone ireland , vanessa pereira ( great britain ) . 2 hours .
with : cast : patrick bergin , gabrielle anwar , samuel west , michael york , adam couper , essie davis , olivia hamnett , karen davitt , damien pree , stewart morritt , kevin miles , john gregg , frank whitten , peter collingwood , josephine keen , lisle jones , anthony morton , christopher kemp , stephen sheehan , caroline huff , denzil howson , justin parslow , jessica muschamp , david clisby , richie akers , john murphy , sally anne upton , curtis barnott , maureen edwards , suzy cato , peter stratford , peter hardy , shaun murphy , grant smith , dawn klingberg , dean barton - ancliffe , hamish hughes , lawrence price , tim wood , john turner , colin duckworth , michael fry , di diddle , anny fodor , ross mathers , santha press , stephen mcintyre , monty maizels , andrew shortell .
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nominated for eleven oscars , including five wins . view full award breakdown . . .
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variant : minor changes of letter view and arrangement were made through the years .
availability : common . seen on the jackal , primary colors , virus , and the lara croft dilogy , including both the opening and the closing credits .
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century motion picture & dist . co . , ltd . ( hong kong )
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10 , 015 white 3 , 932 hispanic 1 , 236 black 2 , 747 asian 214 native american 97 hawaiian 1 , 904 other 66 . 1 % white 26 . 0 % hispanic 8 . 2 % black 18 . 1 % asian 1 . 4 % native american 0 . 6 % hawaiian 12 . 6 % other
this location is in los angeles county and the los angeles - long beach - anaheim , ca metropolitan area .
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ellis , david r . 1952 - levinsohn , gary . granger , don . berenson , craig . dalessandro , david . heffernan , john . gutierrez , sebastian . greenberg , adam . rabin , trevor . jackson , samuel l . margulies , julianna , 1966 - phillips , nathan . blanchard , rachel . alexander , flex . thompson , kenan . dallas , keith . shaye , lin . james , bruce . mabrey , sunny .
originally released as a motion picture in 2006 . aspect ratio : 2 . 35 : 1 . special features include : interactive menus ; scene selection ; gag reel ; 10 deleted scenes ;
pure venom : making of ' snakes on a plane '
featurette ;
meet the reptiles
featurette ;
vfx
featurette ;
snakes on a blog
featurette ; audio commentary featuring director david ellis , samuel l . jackson , and others ; theatrical trailers ; tv spots ;
snakes on a video
cobra starship featurette ( includes music video ) .
director of photography , adam greenberg ; editor , howard e . smith ; music , trevor rabin ; costume designer , karen l . matthews ; production designer , jaymes hinkle .
enhanced dvd ; region 1 ; dolby digital 5 . 1 ex surround , dolby digital 2 . 0 stereo surround , dts es 6 . 1 surround sound . dvd - rom minimum system requirements : interactual - compatible player ( included on disc ) ; microsoft windows 98se or later ; microsoft ie 5 . 5 sp1 ; macromedia flash player 7 ; an internet connection ; a dvd - rom drive ; directshow - compatible dvd decoder .
nelville flynn is escorting a witness on a plane that is bound for los angeles . the problem is that an assassin is bent on killing the witness . the assassin releases a crate containing about 450 deadly snakes onto the same plane . nelville finds out and he becomes bent on doing his job and getting the snakes back where they belong - on land . if the snakes won ' t cooperate with nelville , he will just have to send the snakes on to snake heaven .
poisonous snakes - - drama . boidae - - drama . airplanes - - drama . witnesses - - protection - - drama . assassins - - drama . feature films . thrillers ( motion pictures , television , etc . ) adventure films . horror films . video recordings for the hearing impaired .
even at this early date , there was nothing especially surprising about pancho villa ( or anyone else ) inking a deal that allowed cameras access to the areas that they controlled . newsreels were a coming force . cinema was growing rapidly in popularity ; attendance at nickelodeons had doubled since 1908 , and an estimated 49 million tickets were sold each week in the u . s . by 1914 . those customers expected to see some news alongside the melodramas and comedy shorts that were the staples of early cinema . and there were obvious advantages in controlling the way in which the newsreel men chose to portray the revolution , particularly for villa , whose main bases were close to the u . s . border .
there was plenty of bias : a contemporary cartoon from the new york times . click to view in higher resolution .
today’s post is an attempt to uncover the truth about this little - known incident–and , as it turns out , it’s a story that is well worth telling , not least because , researching it , i found that tale of villa and his movie contract informs the broader question how just how accurate other early newsreels were . so this is also a post about the borderlands where truth meets fiction , and the problematic lure of the entertaining story . finally , it deals in passing with the odd way that fictions can become real , if they are rooted in the truth and enough people believe them .
there was plenty of bias , most of it in the form of prejudice against mexican “greasers . ” there were conflicts of interest as well . several american media owners had extensive commercial interests in mexico ; william randolph hearst , who controlled vast tracts in northern mexico , wasted no time in pressing for u . s . intervention when villa plundered his estates , appropriating 60 , 000 head of cattle . and there was eagerness to file ticket - selling , circulation - boosting sensation , too ; villa himself was frequently portrayed as “a monster of brutality and cruelty , ” particularly later in the war , when he crossed the border and raided the town of columbus , new mexico .
“battles” innumerable have been fought , scores of armies have been annihilated , wiped out , blown up , massacred and wholly destroyed according to the glowing reports of commanders on either side , but the supply of cannon fodder does not appear to have diminished appreciably… . never was there a war in which more gunpowder went off with less harm to the opposing forces .
pancho villa ( seated , in the presidential chair ) and emiliano zapata ( seated , right , behind sombrero ) in the national palace in mexico city , november 1914 .
what is certain is that fierce competition for “news” produced a situation ripe for exploitation . all three of the principal leaders of the period—villa , zapata and the federal generalissimo victoriano huerta —sold access and eventually themselves to u . s . newsmen , trading inconvenience for the chance to position themselves as worthy recipients of foreign aid .
pancho villa , general in command of the constitutionalist army in northern mexico , will in future carry on his warfare against president huerta as a full partner in a moving - picture venture with harry e . aitken… . the business of gen . villa will be to provide moving picture thrillers in any way that is consistent with his plans to depose and drive huerta out of mexico , and the business of mr . aitken , the other partner , will be to distribute the resulting films throughout the peaceable sections of mexico and to the united states and canada .