open cascade is an information technology company of capgemini , .

open cascade provides services in the domain of scientific and technical computing and simulation tools .

open cascade is primarily known to public for its open source platforms the company has been maintaining , improving and distributing free of charge for many years : open cascade technology ( occt ) for 3d surface and solid modeling , visualization , data exchange , and rapid application development salome ( software ) - free software that provides a generic platform for pre - and post-processing for numerical simulation open cascade builds its business model on using its open source software in the development of commercial software for various customers worldwide .

the company ’s head office is located in guyancourt , france and there are production sites in lyon and nizhny novgorod , russia .

open cascade employs around 150 engineers and developers in france and russia .

open cascade

open cascade community edition : patches / improvements / experiments contributed by users over the official open cascade library .
materials related to development of open cascade , open source 3d modeling kernel . note that this is not an sf project of open cascade itself .
github - tpaviot / oce : open cascade community edition : patches / improvements / experiments contributed by users over the official open cascade library .
along with maintaining this web site and supporting open source contributors , open cascade continues active development of occt .
the open cascade development platform is freely available in open source and provides many important features . with adina - m based on open cascade , adina users are able to take advantage of cad programs such as
consult with open cascade technology system requirements and license before downloading and installing the software .
© open cascade s . a . s . , 2014 the text of the article belongs to open cascade s . a . s . and cannot be cited , modified , reprinted or copied in whole or in part without written consent of open cascade sas .
at open cascade we strongly believe that our business model is the future of it . share our knowledge with everybody and adapt it for everyone , this is open cascade’s dna .
open cascade exception ( version 1 . 0 ) to gnu lgpl version 2 . 1 .
…open cascade keeps its leading positions in providing sustainable software solutions and expert services for industrial 3d applications .
this section provides you with access to open cascade technology and information explaining the conditions of its use .
note : a specific license is applied to open cascade technology version 6 . 6 . 0 and earlier .
open cascade is a highly experienced and constantly growing team of more than 130 professionals at the service of industry .
open cascade also continues to publish a ready - to - use certified version and to support users on urltoken .
since its publication in open source , occt has been developed almost exclusively by internal resources of open cascade company . at the same time , open cascade recognizes and welcomes the efforts and growing strength of the open source community to improve occt . thus , in 2011 , this web site has been created to make occt development visible and provide tools for all occt contributors to work in the same open environment .
adina - m based on open cascade uses the same commands as adina - m based on parasolid . hence , those who are already familiar with adina - m can also use adina - m based on open cascade with minimal effort .
here you may download the latest public version of open cascade technology and auxiliary materials that will help you evaluate its extensive capabilities .
a simulation of a measurement machine done with open cascade technology ( 3d modeling , animation , ray tracing . . . ) .
open cascade technology version 6 . 7 . 0 and later are governed by ( lgpl - 2 . 1 with this exception . ) a specific license ( occt - pl ) is applied to open cascade technology version 6 . 6 . 0 and earlier .
check the history of open cascade technology releases since version 6 . 5 . 1 till the latest one on previous releases & latest release pages .
below , we show solid meshes created by the adina user interface ( aui ) of two parts imported into adina - m based on open cascade .
in 1999 the management of matra datavision made a historical decision to open the source code of cas . cade library , which was then called open cascade . at the end of year 2000 matra datavision created an affiliated company called open cascade s . a . s . to provide support and services based on the new geometrical kernel . in 2003 matra datavision was purchased by ibm corporation , while open cascade s . a . s . was acquired by another french company : principia . you can read more about the company history on the
cadrays is a fast gpu accelerated , unbiased physically - based renderer . it is based on the industrial photo - realistic rendering solution by open cascade . urltoken
open cascade technology is one of the most used 3d kernels around the globe and our people will always be by your side to build your specific 3d future .
open cascade technology version 6 . 7 . 0 and later are governed by gnu lesser general public license ( lgpl ) version 2 . 1 with additional exception .
if ibooks doesn ' t open , click the ibooks app in your dock .
this technology exists from the mid 90s and is available in open source since early 2000s under a permissive open cascade technology public license . starting from version 6 . 7 . 0 ( released end 2013 ) , occt is available under gnu lgpl license .
cadrays is a fast gpu accelerated , unbiased physically - based renderer . it is based on the industrial photorealistic rendering solution by open cascade . cadrays : urltoken . . .
bcc : summary for boise cascade , l . l . c . - yahoo finance
) . we are pleased to announce that in adina 8 . 8 , a new option is available for solid modeling with adina - m that is based on the open cascade kernel .
is boise cascade , l . l . c . ( bcc ) outperforming other construction stocks this year ?
is boise cascade , l . l . c . ( bcc ) stock outpacing its construction peers this year ?
if itunes doesn ' t open , click the itunes application icon in your dock or on your windows desktop .
open cascade technology platform is supplied with its custom visualization subsystem based on opengl . the subsystem not only allows working efficiently with geometric resources of the library , but it also supports implementation of interactive 3d scenes in real cad applications .
data translators allow working not only with geometric information , but also with some associated attributes . for example , open cascade technology is able to read component colors and names , their nesting in assemblies , layers and some other properties from step format .
to listen to an audio podcast , mouse over the title and click play . open itunes to download and subscribe to podcasts .
the kernel is supported and developed by a company bearing the same name : open cascade s . a . s . its front - office is located in france . in russia the company is represented with a big competence center located in the city of nizhny novgorod .
boise cascade ( bcc ) is seeing solid earnings estimate revision activity , and is in great company from a zacks industry rank perspective .
with the addition of the new capabilities in adina - m , based on open cascade , and other enhancements , the aui is significantly strengthened to support the comprehensive capabilities of adina for analysis of structures , heat transfer , fluids , electromagnetics , fluid - structure interactions and multiphysics .
open cascade s . a . s . company has been making great efforts to promote its occt kernel over the last years . this open - source product was released a long time ago , so naturally it has a community of users . now any interested person can participate in its development after filling out a registration form on the developers ' portal where occt official bug - tracker and git - repository are located .
cascade does not publicly disclose its performance results but it has been reported that because of larson’s relatively conservative strategy , cascade’s losses in the 2008 financial crisis were smaller than the industry average for the full year . since 1995 , larson has delivered a compound annual return of around 11 per cent .
the object code ( i . e . not a source ) form of a
work that uses the library
can incorporate material from a header file that is part of the library . as a special exception to the gnu lesser general public license version 2 . 1 , you may distribute such object code incorporating material from header files provided with the open cascade technology libraries ( including code of cdl generic classes ) under terms of your choice , provided that you give prominent notice in supporting documentation to this code that it makes use of or is based on facilities provided by the open cascade technology software .
open cascade technology is an absolutely open product that can greatly contribute to your capacities to develop high - tech software . it is remarkable that this library can be applied even in domains outside of cad / cam / cae fields . a sophisticated mathematical kernel , a visualization subsystem and components for fast prototyping of applications ( ocaf ) can be useful not only for the developers of industrial level software , but also for the teaching and research staff as a mathematical
ecosystem
for scientific projects .
attribute in html makes it possible to write style sheets with which no one can ever cascade . the css1 specification contains a warning against the use of class attributes :
ibd ' s new highs screen turned up an ipo - base breakout by china ' s after school educator onesmart international , and some positive action from boise cascade on wednesday .
sergey slyadnev graduated from the faculty of computational mathematics and cybernetics of nizhny novgorod state university named after lobachevsky , specialty — applied mathematics and computer science . by a happy coincidence he joined open cascade company in 2008 and has been working there ever since . his professional interests lie in the domain of numerical methods and geometric modeling . married , has two children .
the positioning problem : some properties do not cascade well . the properties that were introduced to support the positioning of elements ( position , left , right , top , bottom , z - index ) are typically set on single elements rather than groups of elements . this makes it complicated for users to write style sheets that cascade gracefully with author style sheets .
open document architecture is a set of iso standards that describe formats for representing and exchanging structured documents . the efforts started out under the name office document architecture in the 1980s , and the name changed to open document architecture in the 1990s when results of the efforts were published as iso standards [ oda ] [ appelt 1991 ] [ rosenberg et al . 1991 ] .
today the market of science - intensive software proposes a big number of open source products possessing a proven high quality and widely recognized for showing good results . in this article we make a brief overview of open cascade technology ( occt ) capacities not going deeply into details and focusing only on the basic platform components . this overview will give you an initial understanding of the platform and its possible application domains . occt provides a wide range of functionalities for the development of engineering software . moreover , this library is accessible under lgpl license which means that there are practically no restrictions against its commercial use .
open document architecture ( oda ) is a set of iso standards to facilitate the electronic exchange of documents [ oda ] . oda documents can represent both the logical and the presentational representation of a document .
the link element is used to indicate the url of the style sheet . multiple style sheets can be referenced from the same document and will be appended to the cascade and merged as they are encountered .
cascade is not a family office in the traditional sense and does not like to call itself one . it does not handle logistics , payroll or expenses for the foundation and is purely an asset management firm that invests gates’s personal wealth . bmgi is an organisation that manages the portfolios of cascade , the bill & melinda gates foundation trust and other entities , but again it does not label itself as a family office .
it is well understood that the functions related to geometric modeling should be as reliable as possible . of course , no software is flawless , so testing is really important . despite about 16000 test scenarios , bugs are regularly found in open cascade technology ( which is inevitable ) . it should be noted that occt is a
live
product developed through coordinated efforts of several internal expert groups , modeling being the most important one .
issuers and holders of these shares can use our german central securities depository’s ( clearstream banking ag , frankfurt - cbf ) registered shares services ( also known as cascade - rs ) to register and transfer the shareholder data .
boise cascade company ( nyse : bcc ) , a forestry company based in united states , received a lot of attention from a substantial price increase on the nyse over the last few months . withread more . . .
open cascade technology provides advanced tools for cad data exchange . it supports such common formats as step , iges , stl and vrml . the correctness of data transfer using step format is ensured not only by a profound experience of using that translator in industrial projects , but also by the fact that the development team took part in a prostep
test - rally
( in 1998 - 1999 , tr 8 - 10 ) , and later in
in addition to all of the above reasons , a holding company is often the preferred vehicle of a true investor because it allows you to open an office and have that office devoted to nothing but finding places to put your money to work .
the overall goal of the activity is to work in collaboration with ongoing efforts in iso / iec jtc1 , sgml open , and the ietf to provide the pieces needed to complete the array of specifications that will enable web publishing using generic sgml .
michael larson is one of the most powerful men in us wealth management you have never heard of . he is the chief investment officer for bill and melinda gates investments ( bmgi ) , and as such is in charge of managing bill’s personal wealth through cascade investment , as well as handling the bill & melinda gates foundation trust endowment . despite his high - profile job , he works hard and successfully to stay out of the public eye — cascade declined to speak for the purposes of this article .
laws and regulations , such as eu shareholders rights directive and ( german stock corporation act ( aktiengesetz – aktg ) , call for more transparency and harmonisation of shareholder data . cascade - rs provides the necessary tools to be able to comply with these requirements .
first and foremost open cascade technology sdk is a geometric modeling library or , more simply , it is a geometrical kernel . occt uses a brep ( boundary representation ) approach to represent 3d models . this ranks the library together with such products as acis , parasolid , cgm , c3d and rgk . the main difference is that the occt source code is completely at the developer ' s disposal , which makes him considerably independent from the supplier company ( which is a service company ready to help its clients to resolving different kinds of engineering problems ) .
in order to support contextual selectors , browsers must keep a stack of open elements so that all simple selectors of the contextual selector can be evaluated . this task is further complicated when an element is present according to the dtd but the corresponding tags do not appear in the document . for example , this is often the case with the body element in html , and implementations must , therefore , have knowledge of the html dtd . most early web browsers did not keep a stack of open elements and , therefore , could not support contextual selectors .
the proposed scheme supplies the brower with an ordered list ( cascade ) of style sheets . the user supplies the initial sheet which may request total control of the presentation , but – more likely – hands most of the influence over to the style sheets referenced in the incoming document .
the proposed scheme supplies the browser with an ordered list ( cascade ) of style sheets . the user supplies the initial sheet which may request total control of the presentation , but – more likely – hands most of the influence over to the style sheets referenced in the incoming document .
open cascade technology ( occt ) is a software development kit ( sdk ) intended for development of applications dealing with 3d cad data or requiring industrial 3d capabilities . it includes a set of c + + class libraries providing services for 3d surface and solid modeling , cad data exchange , and visualization . originally developed as industrial cad kernel , occt is widely used for development of specialized software dealing with 3d models in design ( cad ) , manufacturing ( cam ) , numerical simulation ( cae ) , measurement equipment ( cmm ) , and quality control ( caq ) domains .
under larson , cascade has focused some of its attention on uk - listed stocks . in 2008 , it bought a 3 per cent share of carpetright , the flooring retailer , but has since reduced its stake . it has also invested in diageo , the distiller , and jjb sports , the retailer .
make css work with structured documents . css requires implementations to be aware of the structure in the document . more specifically , contextual selectors can match an element based on its ancestor and implementations , therefore , are required to keep a stack of open elements . around 1995 , most popular browsers did not keep a stack of open elements and css1 therefore imposed a major change to their architectures . in retrospect , it may have been a mistake to make contextual selectors part of the css1 specification . implementations did not support this feature in an interoperable manner until several years later , which delayed the deployment of css1 .
a document uses a < link rel =
style
href =
url _ to _ a _ stylesheet
> to associate to a stylesheet . it ' s an open question as to whether we should allow multiple stylesheets in a document , and where this link can be specified ( once only , in the < head > ? ) .
the second part of the chapter describes seminal structured document systems , namely scribe ; latex ; open document architecture ( oda ) ; standard generalized markup language ( sgml ) ; hypertext markup language ( html ) ; and extensible markup language ( xml ) . each of the systems is briefly described historically and technically with special emphasis on their relationships with style sheet languages .
dsssl ' s
expression language
is a full featured programming language that can do most of the things other programming languages can do . it is , however , a side - effect free language . that means that you cannot read or write files , open or close windows , assign to variables or do anything other than transform or format an sgml document .
to support nested counters , each named counter can have a stack of open counters . this is important for elements that can be nested inside themselves to arbitrary depth . figure 6 shows how a nested pair of lists ( the markup is shown on the left side ) is numbered differently . the two style sheets used for numbering the table are shown at the top .
cascade has holdings in property and non - technology companies . it holds around a 4 per cent stake in warren buffett’s berkshire hathaway investment group , owns 47 per cent of the four seasons hotel company and about 6 per cent of bunzl , the distribution and outsourcing group . in august , it increased its stake in strategic hotels and resorts to 9 . 8 per cent .
just past cripple creek lies the ghost town of victor ( urltoken ) , which , though still inhabited , has many period buildings . go for a stroll past the trolley depot , the masonic hall , and the victor daily record newspaper office . the victor hotel is still open for business , and the local lowell thomas museum tells about the famous adventurer and writer who grew up in these mountains .
based in kirkland , washington , cascade shies away from media attention . it declined to comment on its investment strategies but it is known to invest globally and across many asset classes . its five largest publicly disclosed equity holdings are : canadian national railway ; republic services , the waste removal company ; ecolab , the disinfectant maker ; femsa , the drinks group ; and deere , the maker of agricultural machinery .
at cascade , turn off for the 19 - mile ( 31 - kilometer ) toll road leading up to the 14 , 110 - foot ( 4 , 301 - meter ) summit of pikes peak ( urltoken ) . along the way , look for rocky mountain bighorn sheep patrolling the alpine zone of stunted trees and shrubbery . take a trip on the pikes peak cog railway to the village of manitou springs .
the result is , if someone walks in , falls , sues the company and bankrupts it , only that location that operated is going down . within 30 seconds , a dunkin donuts could open a new restaurant at that same location called “101 main street donuts version ii llc” , with the sister subsidiaries leasing all of the assets right back to it . the person who sued may walk away with little or nothing .
having an archived mailing list open to the public is very important for the design of new specifications . such a list will attract skilled people with new ideas , and it allows the authors and editors of a specification to express the thinking behind features . in the case of css , a community formed around the www - style mailing list . for a retrospective analysis , like this thesis , the mailing list archives provide valuable information .
like cascade , many single family investment firms are moving away from the term “family office” . catherine tillotson , managing partner of scorpio partnership , the consultancy , says : “a tour around london’s elite wealth management boutiques reveals the growing popularity of the term ‘private investment office’ . once loosely described as family offices or multi - family offices , this linguistic shift aims to put a finer point on their capabilities as independent advisers on family wealth . ”
a similar example of abstraction levels can be found in the field of computer networking . in 1983 , the international standards organization ( iso ) developed a network model called open systems interconnection ( osi ) reference model which defined a framework of computer communications . the iso / osi reference model has seven layers , each of which has a different level of abstraction . the seven layers are : physical , data link , network , transport , session , presentation and application .
the cascading mechanism is not necessarily tied to css style sheets . that is , a browser may offer a way for a user to set a preference ( say , the preferred font size ) through a graphical user interface ( gui ) syntax but still use the cascading mechanism to resolve conflicts between user settings and ( say ) incoming style sheets from the author . by giving user preferences a well - defined place in the cascade , browsers can offer a predictable resolution of conflicts .
make css work with any structured markup language . although html appeared in the title of the initial proposal , css was soon generalized to work with any structured markup language , of which sgml - based languages formed a particularly interesting subset . the cost of making the generalization was small , and the decision later proved important when new languages written in xml started to appear . this has worked both ways : people are more open to use xml given that it can be styled with css .
the first css proposal was put forward in the spirit of open exchange of ideas on how the web should develop , and discussions took place on public mailing lists . a number of people responded to the proposal [ bos 1994 ] [ behlendorf 1994 ] [ wei 1994 ] and the draft was developed further . during the course of 1995 , approximately eight revisions were published . the last of these , published in december 1995 , was declared to be stable and browser vendors were encouraged to use it as a base for implementations [ lie 1996 ] .
tables in html might have less to do with page design and more to do with rows and columns of numbers if it weren ' t for the spectacular failure of style sheets . the cascade effect of the w3c ' s
cascading style sheets , level 1
- unveiled a year too late last winter in that city of dreams , paris , france - couldn ' t have been better planned . by then , page layout via tables and netscapisms like font size had become entrenched , making style sheets an excellent standards - committee product - not only in its simple elegance , but also in its superfluousness and redundancy .
contextual selectors : contextual selector allow elements to be selected based on their place in the document ' s tree structure . supporting contextual selector made it possible to , e . g . , remove borders from images that where hyperlinks . this was perceived to be a requirements as one of netscape ' s extensions could express it . however , supporting contextual selectors is complex unless implementations already kept a stack of open elements . typically , this was not the case and contextual selectors were not interoperably supported until several years after the publication of css1 . as such , contextual selectors delayed the deployment of css1 . on the other hand , by having contextual selectors , css contributed to the understanding of html as a structured markup language .
the first rule in the example above assigns an integer value to the size property on h2 elements . the size property only accepts integer values ( which serve as indexes into a browser - defined table ) and , therefore , there is no need for unit identifiers . the second rule assigns a real number ( not an integer ) to the rulethickness property . the value is relative to the line height . in the third rule , the justify property is assigned the value left . the value in the fourth rule is the name of a font family and since the list of font names is open - ended , the value is a string rather than a keyword . however , since the property only accepts one simple kind of value , there is no need to differentiate strings from keywords syntactically .
in 1967 andrew mellon’s children , paul mellon and ailsa mellon bruce , offered funds for a second building , and architect i . m . pei ( b . 1917 ) was selected to design it . the structure he conceived is modernist in style and was inspired and informed by its trapezoidal site , located between pennsylvania avenue and the national mall and between third and fourth streets nw . to emphasize the connection between the two buildings , pei placed the entrance to the east building on fourth street , across an open plaza from the west building . he divided the floor plan into two triangles : an isosceles triangle for exhibition spaces and public functions ; and a smaller right triangle for an administrative and study center . these triangular shapes define the building’s major spaces and are echoed and repeated in architectural elements throughout . a large triangular atrium is the dramatic focus of the building’s interior public space . a sculptural space frame covers the atrium and allows brilliant natural light to enter the building .
salome is a cross - platform open - source software providing generic solutions for pre - and post - processing for numerical simulation . the softwre can be used as standalone cad / cae application for creation or import of cad models , for preparation for numerical calculations , and for post - processing of the calculation results . it can also be used as a platform for easy integration of external third - party numerical codes ensuring full life - cycle management . salome platform makes possible : - creating / modifying , import / export ( iges , step , brep , etc ) , repairing / cleaning cad models - meshing cad models , editing mesh , checking mesh quality , import / export of mesh ( med , unv , dat , stl , etc ) - attaching physical properties and quantities to geometrical items - performing computations using one or more external solvers ( coupling ) - displaying computation results ( scalar , vectorial ) - managing studies ( create , save , reload ) - easy connecting third - party codes , extending salome capabilities .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en
urltoken
position / level none executive officer ( cxo ) senior executive ( vp , director , etc . ) middle management professional academic other
principia is a engineering company developing added - value offer to energy sector and to naval defense sector .
- offshore engineering ( oil & gas ; , lng , marine renewable energy ) : subsea , surf , mooring , pipeline , transport & installation , jacket , topside , fpso , flng , fsru , fso - marine engineering : design and refit of specific boats for marine operations applied to offshore sector ( naval architect ) - nuclear : code checking according to normal use , exceptional and accidental situations ( stress analysis , fatigue analysis , fluid / structure interaction ) - defense : mechanical engineering applied to vessels , submarines and aircraft carriers - . . and also risk analysis : seismic , tsunami , blast , crash , collision , dropped object , crowd motion , tank safety
engineering capabilities rely on strong core expertise in numerical simulation and analysis both for structures ( linear and nonlinear ) and fluid ( cfd , hydrodynamics ) behavior with performance qualification compliant to relevant standards and rules such as api , dnv , bv , rcc - m , rcc - mr , rcc - mrx , etcc - c , codap , … .
a company wins on its market not just by constantly introducing its own innovations but also by constantly using external innovations . the core 3d technology , on top of which your specificity is built , must be shared in order to maximally benefit and leverage all enhancement .
the history of the company goes back to 1980 when the famous euclid cad system was announced by matra datavision . by mid 90 ' euclid 3 was released and employed in the widest variety of engineering domains , from general mechanical and automotive engineering to the complex robotics and aerospace industries .
1993 is the year when a development platform called cas . cade ( computer aided software for computer aided design and engineering ) was released by matra datavision specialists as a future generation of cad technology .
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with more than 200 , 000 people , the group reported 2017 global revenues of eur 12 . 8 billion .
a global leader in consulting , technology services and digital transformation , capgemini is at the forefront of innovation to address the entire breadth of clients’ opportunities in the evolving world of cloud , digital and platforms . building on its strong 50 - year heritage and deep industry - specific expertise , capgemini enables organizations to realize their business ambitions through an array of services from strategy to operations . capgemini is driven by the conviction that the business value of technology comes from and through people . it is a multicultural company of 200 , 000 team members in over 40 countries . the group reported 2017 global revenues of eur 12 . 8 billion .
our group executive committee leads the vision and direction of the company to achieve its overall ambitions .
in today’s environment , ethics and compliance have become a top priority for an increasing number of our clients and stakeholders . to best serve you , we remain steadfast in our commitment to high ethical standards and the principles embedded in our seven core values .
each year , we’re recognized as a global business and it innovator by our industry partners and peers , and leading independent research companies worldwide . these awards and recognition inspire us to think bigger , reach higher and be bolder each and every day when serving our clients .
in today’s unpredictable business environment , the need for responsible business practices is more critical than ever . we believe that corporate responsibility and sustainability deliver added value to our clients , employees , shareholders , business partners and the communities in which we live and operate .
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signature of a € 1 billion , 10 years it services contract . finalization of the acquisition of euriware by capgemini
paris , may 7 2014 areva and capgemini finalized today a commercial partnership covering a large outsourcing and systems integration contract of € 1 billion over 10 years and the acquisition of euriware and its subsidiaries by the capgemini group ( acquisition completed today ) .
euriware , a french company founded in 1991 , has 1 , 900 employees and revenues of € 220 million ; areva is its largest client representing over 50 % of revenues . euriware offers outsourcing and systems integration services as well high value added industrial engineering and information security systems to clients in the energy , manufacturing and defense sectors .
with capgemini , euriware is joining a global leader in it services . this acquisition is based on an ambitious industrial and social plan consistent with the economic interests of both parties including a commitment on employment and geographic locations .
this partnership allows areva to rely on capgemini , a global leader , to accompany it in the management and transformation of its information systems , while offering the highest level of performance and security .
capgemini expands its service offerings with security managed services , strengthens its engineering and industrial it services ( e . g . plm ) , and reaffirms its leadership in the energy sector .
luc oursel , ceo of areva , said : “this partnership helps secure the future development of euriware and its employees . it was made possible by a high quality dialogue between the social partners , areva and capgemini . this operation will help us improve the performance of our it systems . ”
for paul hermelin , ceo of capgemini : “we are delighted to expand our partnership with areva and integrate new capabilities and teams within capgemini . we are strengthening our leadership in france , our first and historic market . ”
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urltoken
this website is dedicated to contributors of occt . if you do not intend to contribute to the development of occt but only to use it in your project , please go to the product website : urltoken .
this site provides user authentication , legal documents ( see get involved ) , access to occt development environment and tools ( documentation , issue tracker , git repository etc . , see resources ) , and developer ' s forum .
this question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions .
github is home to over 28 million developers working together to host and review code , manage projects , and build software together .
if nothing happens , download the github extension for visual studio and try again .
oce is a c + + 3d modeling library . it can be used to develop cad / cam softwares , for instance freecad or ifcopenshell .
oce stands for o pencascade c ommunity e dition . this project aims at gathering patches / changes / improvements from the occ community . official occt documentation and sources are available at urltoken , you can also theck their development portal at urltoken .
below are listed all the oce releases since the beginning of the project , the matching occt version , as well as abi change if any ( an abi change means that oce binaries are not compatible with previous ones ) .
read the official upstream documentation for 6 . 9 . 1 release , at :
to request write access to the repository , just ask @ tpaviot ( tpaviot @ urltoken ) .
read the urltoken file for instructions on compiling for unix ( for both linux and macosx users ) . windows users should read urltoken if they use mingw or urltoken if they prefer msvc compiler .
oce has the same license as occt ; since occt 6 . 7 . 0 ( oce - 0 . 16 . x ) , you can redistribute it and / or modify it under the terms of the gnu lesser general public license version 2 . 1 as published by the free software foundation , with special exception defined in the file occt _ lgpl _ exception . txt . see license _ lgpl _ 21 . txt for the full license text .
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shape selection available during an animation in cad assistant application . cad assistant : urltoken urltoken
this video describes general ways to use salome cad / cae platform : - creation of a sample 3d cad model with built - in geometry tools - import of models from neutral formats like brep , step , iges etc . . .
this video shows how to get salome platform on the web and how to install it . - urltoken web site is described : documentation , details of usage , tutorials , support , forum , download page . . .
this video explains how to use the geometry module of salome cad / cae platform , building a bracket as an example . - adding boxes , cylinders . etc ; - applying transformations ; - moving , rotating , and . . .
this video shows how to create a mesh of a bracket using the mesh module of salome cad / cae integration platform , for structural computations . creation of the bracket itself was shown in the previou . . .
this video shows how it is possible to build meshes directly in mesh module of salome cad / cae integration platform . a turbine blade with a twisted shape is built . the basic airfoil and the main axi . . .
this video illustrates exercise 3 of tutorials for salome cad / cae integration platform , given at urltoken . the tube is created in geo . . .
this video shows how to apply re - meshing with geometrical zones , using the homard module of salome cad / cae integration platform . the mesh is rebuilt with fine elements in a box and a sphere located . . .
this video shows how to apply re - meshing basing on fields and geometrical zones , using the homard module of salome cad / cae integration platform . the box is initially re - meshed on the basis of calcu . . .
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structurally the library consists of several inter - connected modules responsible for various functions ( figure 1 ) . the main library components are listed below :
foundation classes : the fundamental occt toolkit , including
smart pointers
, collections and other tools providing the library infrastructure .
mesh : built - in tools for triangulation of cad - models . as a rule , this functionality is used for 3d visualization .
visualization : an integrated visualization subsystem for cad models , grids and arbitrary application data .
historically occt inherits its mathematical kernel from euclid cad system , developed by matra datavision company since the beginning of 1980 - s . a platform called cas . cade ( computer aided software for computer aided design and engineering ) was released in 1993 . it served as a basis for the development of a new generation of euclid called the euclid quantum system , which was officially released in 1996 . however a few years later ( in 1998 ) matra datavision company changed its business model and focused on providing software services .
as we have mentioned above , occt platform implements a boundary representation ( brep ) of objects in 3d . the notions of geometry and topology are fundamental for such representation . thus the geometry is usually understood as a mathematical description of a shape , e . g . in terms of bezier curves and surfaces , nurbs representation , etc . in its turn , the topology is a data structure binding geometrical objects together . speaking abstractly , we could draw an analogy between brep topology and classic topology in the mathematical sense . as it is known , mathematical topology studies homeomorphisms , i . e . transformations without cutting and gluing . from this point of view , a torus ( figure 2 to the left ) is identical to a coffee cup ( the reader with a good imagination can recognize it in figure 2 to the right ) . the same is true for a brep topology : data structures that describe a torus and a cup can be totally identical . the whole difference consists in the geometry .
figure 2 . torus modification without changing its topological structures . the same topological structure can fit equally well to visually different models .
from the programmer ' s viewpoint topology is a graph of objects representing adjacent vertices and edges for neighbor faces .
figure . 3 . possible topological structure of a
patchwork
torus from figure 2 .
the structure of occt geometrical and topological primitives generally corresponds to iso - 10303 ( step ) standard . it is mostly useful to check part 42 —
integrated generic resource : geometric and topological representation
. anyway , grasping the idea that a cad - model is rather a
patchwork
than a simple object is absolutely necessary to work with a brep representation . brep principles are rather standard and are not peculiar exclusively to occt . only the set of used topological primitives changes from one kernel to another , while such objects as faces , edges and vertices are always present ( exactly these objects get connected with geometric primitives , while all others play a purely structural role ) .
it needs to be noted that , apart from brep , other representation techniques for cad modeling are known and actually used : faceted shells , voxels , cellular structures , csg ( constructive solid geometry ) etc . however , all of them are very application - specific and are used only within a limited range of tasks ( for example , voxels are successfully used in parallel processing ) .
a precise brep - model is
better
than a discrete one to the effect that it can always be converted into both , voxels and 3d meshes of required quality . the reverse task ( obtaining a precise model from a discrete one ) is not trivial as a rule and poses many difficulties . the main one is the fact that geometry and topology can be reconstructed in infinite number of ways . that is why 3d modeling tasks require a somewhat
ideal
object representation corresponding to its actual or designed form .
as for a discrete model , its nature is usually determined by a specific task . for example , in cae field engineers often need to observe some limitations on the shape of finite elements ( fea ) and those limitations may vary depending on the solver ( for example , hydrodynamic solvers can be sensitive to the features of a discrete model that are not taken into account when structural analysis is performed and vice versa ) .
occt geometry is defined in a standard parametric form . it is commonly known that nurbs is the most common approach to the description of a geometric form . alongside with it , occt platform implements surfaces of revolution , ruled surfaces , curves , сonics and quadrics , etc . currently occt supports the entire usual set of geometries , except for such technologies as t - splines and subdivision surfaces .
geometry is trimmed and structured using topological limitations . it can be seen how the parametric domain of each face changes in the process . the
parametric domain
means a ( u , v ) space , where the face of interest , complemented with parametric 2d curves ( p - curves ) is defined . the configuration and orientation of these curves indicates how the edges are defined on the face and where the holes are located .
after this brief overview of the basic brep principles , we will examine the fundamental occt capacities related to cad engineering field . for more details of available functions please consult the
occt supports a toolset to reconstruct the surface geometry from an ordered set of points . this procedure can involve the global interpolation methods ( if the resulting precision should be equal to zero ) or the approximation methods with a given precision .
reconstructing a shape from a given set of sections is a standard geometric modeling task . occt provides means for both , surface skinning and for solid reconstruction with automatic recovery of end faces .
sweeping a profile along a given trajectory ( spine ) allows building tubes of arbitrary shape and section . the profile orientation along the spine is defined by the user .
cut , fuse , common , intersection of shapes and surfaces — all these fundamental algorithms are implemented in occt and have been successfully tested on many real industrial models .
chamfers and fillets are also available in occt . fillets with a variable radius are supported as well .
. we can only remark that the existing functions provide solutions to a widest range of cad tasks .
the quality of translation is amplified by shape healing component , which serves for post - processing of a reconstructed cad model and allows solving geometric and topological problems ( for example , related with self - intersection of edges , absence of parametric curves , insufficiency of topological information , etc . )
figure 17 . visualization by ray tracing method ( real - time fps ) .
figure 18 . visualization of a pump model by ray tracing combining shading and wireframe .
at our disposal we have either low - level tools working with basic geometry and topology ( nurbs visualization with control points and knots , rendering of isolines to estimate the speed and quality of parameterization , rendering of a parametric domain of faces ) or high - level tools for real time quality rendering of models using ray tracing ( including shades , reflections , transparency , antialiasing , etc . ) . it seems that currently this part of the library develops most rapidly .
figure 19 shows the chart of improvements implemented in the latest versions of occt platform grouped by their functional domain . it can be clearly seen that most corrections and improvements belong to geometrical modeling , which is the most technically complex and knowledge - intensive part of the library . this means that even after the extinction of euclid , occt platform steadily develops and expands its geometrical functionalities and their reliability .
figure 19 . corrections and improvements in occt for the last three years ( versions 6 . 5 . 1 , 6 . 5 . 2 , 6 . 5 . 3 , 6 . 5 . 4 , 6 . 5 . 5 , 6 . 6 . 0 , 6 . 7 . 0 and 6 . 7 . 1 ) .
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aurelius capital management is a us hedge fund .

the company is run by mark brodsky , a lawyer formerly employed by elliott associates .

in october 2013 , aurelius attempted to force the government of argentina to pay $ 1.3 bn following the 2010 argentinian default on debt .

aurelius has been involved in debt restructuring of dubai world and tribune co ; and , in october 2013 , the co-operative bank .

aurelius led a push to apply $ 54 billion of petrobas bonds governed by u.s. law in the state of new york .

aurelius capital management

image : marie - lan nguyen , fragment of a bronze portrait of marcus aurelius , louvre . aurelius® and aurelius capital management® are trademarks of aurelius capital management , lp , and are registered in the united states and other jurisdictions .
one of the hedge funds , aurelius capital management , is best known for a long - running battle to force argentina to pay out $ 1 . 3bn ( £800m ) while silver point capital has been linked to a number of troubled financial firms such as lehman and iceland ' s glitnir .
tasked with delivering returns on client capital , a common dilemma for many alternative . . .
connecting . connecting strong capital base , international contacts and a large team of experienced specialists .
mark brodsky’s distressed debt hedge fund aurelius capital management alleged in a court filing on monday that an element of puerto rico ' s historic $ 72 billion bankruptcy case violates the u . s . constitution and should be dismissed .
brodsky , a former bankruptcy lawyer at paul singer’s elliott associates , founded new york - based aurelius capital management in 2005 and has more than $ 4 . 5 billion in aum . it rose to prominence during a long and ultimately profitable battle with argentina over its defaulted sovereign debt .
wilmington , del ( reuters ) - a delaware judge ruled friday that wireless carrier clearwire corp was sold in 2013 for more than twice its fair value , a decision that dealt a stinging loss to the aurelius capital management hedge fund which spent years battling to prove clearwire was vastly underpriced .
unlike singer’s $ 27 billion elliott management , which has also become a major activist player in the stock market , aurelius is a much smaller fund that is solely focused on distressed debt .
the saga with argentina started when the country defaulted on its debt in 2001 , in the midst of the worst economic and social crisis of its history . after the default , a group of hedge funds that included nml capital ( a subsidiary of elliot management , which we’ll talk about again later ) , aurelius capital management , dart management , blue angel capital , bracebridge capital , olifant fund , and montreux partners bought argentine defaulted bonds in secondary markets on the cheap . nml , for instance , paid an average price of about 27 cents on the dollar over its declared purchases . they litigated in new york courts , demanding the country pay the full face value and the interest rate that had been included in the terms of the original contracts . due to the well - known default risks , the interest rates were high , about 10 % per year on most contracts ; in one of the bond series , fran , interest rate was linked to the country default risk , and after the default the contracted annual interest rate skyrocketed to 101 % .
aurelius group is a pan - european asset manager with offices in munich , london , stockholm , and madrid . over the last ten years , aurelius has grown from a local turnaround investor to an international multi - asset manager investing in a wide range of sectors and across the capital structure .
we have a track record of successful investment in more than 50 companies in numerous geographies , industries and sectors . aurelius improves the operational performance of companies by providing management capabilities and financial resources for investing in products , sales and r & d . aurelius has liquid cash resources for investment of over £200m .
the main hurdle for puerto rico is mark brodsky , a former bankruptcy lawyer who in 2004 left singer’s elliott management after 10 years to strike out on his own .
brodsky’s firm , the $ 4 . 5 billion aurelius capital , is one of several hedge funds that own puerto rico’s general obligations bonds and are due an interest payment of $ 267 million on dec . 1 — a debt puerto rico said it can’t pay .
at aurelius group we are always on the lookout for people who want more than just a job .
he’s also having a bad year . aurelius had lost 3 percent this year through october , according to investors .
aurelius’ experienced uk team comprises both investment specialists and operational managers , who together are dedicated to sourcing , executing and managing investments across the uk & ireland . we are supported by aurelius group ' s executive , investment and operational teams .
aurelius owns a big chunk of puerto rico’s $ 12 billion in general obligation debt — part of its overall debt load .
a spokesman for aurelius , which spent years battling argentina over its defaulted debt , did not immediately respond to a request for comment .
over the next 16 days ( and beyond ) , aurelius is expected to be just as sharp a thorn in puerto rico’s side .
briar is a provider of crop protection and specialty industrial chemicals and aurelius’ third major acquisition in the chemicals industry . an aurelius investment since september 2012 , the norwich - based business was acquired from bayer cropscience . our strategy since investment has been to focus on extending briar’s product portfolio and expanding contract production for third - party customers , as well as maximising the marketing expertise of existing aurelius affiliates in the specialty chemicals sector
aurelius equity opportunities se & co . kgaa 1 . 00 per cent convertible bonds due 2020 ( isin : de000a168544 ) ( the “bonds” )
in taking on the co - op , aurelius is working with the silver point capital firm set up in connecticut in 2002 by two former goldman sachs employees edward mulé and robert o ' shea . it has wide - range of investments covering broadcasting – it bought two us tv stations out of bankruptcy – as well as car makers and financial services . silver point played a high profile role in the bankruptcy of hostess , the us food company best known for its twinkies cakes .
the commonwealth’s federally appointed oversight board initiated a broad swath of cost - cutting measures in may under the authority of the 2016 puerto rico oversight management and economic stability act , better known as promesa , since puerto rico is barred from declaring traditional municipal bankruptcy protection via chapter 9 of the u . s . code .
the two hedge funds are thought to have built up heir holdings in co - op bonds after the bank was downgraded to junk in may and its chief executive barry tootell quit . on friday the banker who stood in until a full time successor was found , rod bulmer , announced he would quit in the latest management upheaval .
typically , each side presents extreme valuations and the judge finds fair value somewhere in the middle . instead , laster took clearwire ' s valuation and rejected aurelius ' s .
but aurelius hasn’t been in the creditor meetings , sources said . in fact , aurelius’ posture is one of the reasons the so - called ad hoc group of puerto rican creditors — to which it belonged — recently broke up after many of the funds realized that lobbying for full payment wasn’t going to work , these sources told the post .
“it’s one thing to have a claim , and it’s another thing to expect to get that , ” said one hedge fund manager regarding aurelius’ take - no - prisoners attitude .
aurelius uk invests in european , middle market , private and public companies which have improvement potential through financial and operational support . we make investment decisions based on the following criteria :
this year’s survey canvassed the opinions of respondents from aurelius’ network of uk and continental european advisory and corporate contacts on their expectations for corporate carve - out activity in the european market in 2017 .
after clearwire shareholders approved the deal , an affiliate of aurelius that had opposed the sprint acquisition brought what is known as an appraisal action , asking a judge to determine fair value of the stock .
when brodsky teamed up with his ally singer as investors in argentine debt , it was aurelius who was the most stubborn holdout — not singer , who got most of the headlines , sources said .
brodsky , a lawyer by background , had worked at elliott before he set up his own venture in 2005 , naming it after the respected roman emperor marcus aurelius . aurelius has been involved in debt restructurings as diverse as dubai world and of the us publisher tribune co , owner of the los angeles times . its projects can be long - running . some of its legal battles have lasted a decade .
indeed , there used to be a law that prohibited this behavior— the so - called champerty defense , which prohibited the purchase of debt in default with the intent of suing the issuer . in 1998 , however , elliot management , the same hedge fund that led the dispute against argentina and that had bought peruvian debt in default , sued the country and won . the case set an awful precedent .
vice chancellor travis laster on friday sided with clearwire , which had said the fair price was $ 2 . 13 per share , or about $ 53 million for the fund ' s stock . aurelius will also collect interest .
aurelius and silver point are known for fighting hard when their investments run into trouble . led by mark brodsky , aurelius is locked in court battles to get $ 1 . 3bn from argentina – along with nml , part of elliott associates . last month a new york appeal court rejected attempts by argentina to overturn an earlier ruling that requires the country to pay the money related its 2002 default . the case has now gone to the us supreme court .
over the past decade aurelius group has invested in more than 60 companies across europe . our current portfolio companies employ more than 23 , 000 people , generating combined annual revenues in excess of £2 . 5 billion . set out below are those of our deals that have uk operations .
accordingly , affiliates of aurelius contend in the filing , the creation of the oversight board is violation of the appointments clause of the constitution , since its members answer only to the u . s . president but were never officially confirmed by the senate , thus violating the separation of powers principle .
transform is the uk’s leading provider of surgical and non - surgical cosmetic procedures . the company , which has belonged to the aurelius group since the end of june 2015 , comprises 25 clinics in england , scotland , wales , and northern ireland , as well as three dedicated cosmetic procedures hospitals in manchester , birmingham , and london . the business was enlarged by the acquisition of the hospital group in 2016
calachem fine chemicals is a leading producer of fine chemicals for renowned clients in the agrochemical , pharmaceutical and speciality chemical sectors . the company offers a range of services including manufacture , development and large - scale production . it also provides a range of services to other companies adjacent to its site in grangemouth , scotland . before being acquired by aurelius , calachem was a subsidiary of the 3i - backed finnish kemfine group
aurelius , which owns approximately $ 468 million in debt whose principal is essentially guaranteed by the puerto rico constitution , seeks to bar the board from operating until it has been properly constituted , according to a reuters article . although initially supported by many of the commonwealth’s creditors , the board has sought to impose severe haircuts to bondholders while also pushing for broad austerity and cost - cutting measures for the island in general .
the continued development of our business heavily relies on us recruiting bright people able to source and execute investments as well as manage and restructure companies . we are a long - term investor and have the same commitment to our people . in our dynamically growing group , we offer employees a great career opportunity – whether you are looking for a role as an intern or managing director , lawyer or operational manager , aurelius will be a good home for your career .
sealine international is a leading motor boat builder acquired in september 2013 by aurelius group , as a bolt - on to hanseyachts . during its 40 year history , sealine has developed a reputation for 35 - 60 ft motor yachts which feature ground - breaking , cutting - edge designs . following acquisition , production of the sealine range has been moved to one of the most state - of - the - art yacht yards in the world , located at greifswald , germany
the co - operative bank may be forced into flotation by two us hedge funds . photograph : martin argles for the guardian
two us hedge funds have forced the co - operative bank to set up an independent committee to review the american investors ' plan to turn the 140 - year - old mutually owned bank into a listed company .
through their lt2 group – so called because they own what are known as lower tier two bonds – they are attempting to derail a plan to force bondholders to take losses on their investments to plug a £1 . 5bn hole in the bank .
the co - operative group – formed by the rochdale pioneers in 1844 and now owners of grocers , pharmacies and funeral homes as well as the bank – wants bondholders to agree to take £500m of losses in return for the conglomerate putting £1bn into the bank . about £500m of that £1bn will come through selling off insurance businesses and another £500m by issuing new bonds to existing bondholders who will also get shares in the bank . the shares will be listed on the stock market , but majority owned by the co - op group .
euan sutherland , the new boss of the co - op group , warned last month that the only alternative to the co - op plan was nationalisation , but the hedge funds argue that their plan , a straight - forward swap of £1 . 3bn of debt into equity , is a real alternative .
on friday night , the co - op bank and the group said they would form an independent committee – chaired by the bank ' s chairman richard pym and advised by bankers at greenhill – to
consider third - party approaches in relation to the group ' s recapitalisation plan
in direct response to the approach by lt2 at the start of the week .
the identities of the dozen or so other members of lt2 is not known publicly and not even to other members of the group , which is being advised by specialist investment bank moelis .
the lt2 group reckons it has a big enough combined stake to block the co - op ' s current restructuring plan , which has already been approved by the prudential regulation authority and needs to be voted through by 75 % of bondholders . there are two other groups of bond holders – one run by mark taber for private investors and another involving cls holdings that has around 2 % of the debt . the latter is thought to be supportive of the lt2 group idea .
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argentine activists burn a united states flag in the midst of the country ' s economic debt crisis .
recently , a resonant legal victory of hedge funds over argentina has captured the attention of the global community . the hedge funds in this case aren’t run of the mill investment shops , however . popularly known as vulture funds , their modus operandi is to buy up the debt of countries suffering crises at bargain prices , only to fiercely litigate with them afterwards . they attempt to claim full payment—principal and interest—employing a variety of tactics ( including hiring lobbyists ) to put pressure on the distressed debtors to satisfy their claims . and in the wake of argentina’s loss , puerto rico may be in their crosshairs next .
it may not seem to matter whether a sovereign debt crisis is resolved quickly or not , but in fact delays in resolution are bad for almost everyone involved . they worsen the situation of the country in distress , and dim prospects for creditors to recover their investments . the small group of notorious wall street vulture funds have seized on these national crises to create extraordinary business opportunities for themselves . over the past twenty years , these companies have raked in billions by undercutting orderly operation of the world’s financial markets .
notorious vulture funds have seized on national crises to create extraordinary business opportunities for themselves .
and they won . in 2012 , judge t . griesa ( from the southern district of new york ) ruled in their favor . following the default , and two rounds of restructuring ( in 2005 and 2010 ) , 93 % of the country’s bondholders accepted new bonds in exchange of the defaulted ones with a discount of about two - thirds . griesa’s decision , besides creating an enormous inequity among the different bondholders , also violated the right of the restructured bondholders to get paid , as upon the vultures’ request he granted an injunction that prohibited any payment to those bondholders until the vultures got paid in full ( in 2014 the us supreme court declined to review the case ) . last april , argentina finally settled . nml , the leading litigant , made more than $ 2 billion , a return of over 1 , 200 % . the others ( including non - vulture holdout creditors ) also made handsome profits .
describing these hedge funds as “vultures” is likely unfair to the actual birds . vultures , at least , play an important role in the ecosystem . these wall street vultures , on the other hand , play no positive role for the functioning of the international financial system . instead they undermine it , impeding the finalization of sovereign debt restructurings that are needed for countries in deep distress to put their economies back on track .
unfortunately , the tactics used in argentina are not new ; argentina’s case was simply bigger . astonishingly , what these companies do is legal . but they also helped shape the laws that make it legal .
in 2004 , vultures obtained an even larger victory : champerty was eliminated from new york state legislation for transactions greater than $ 500 , 000 . new york state senator john marchi presented the bill and it passed , despite evidence of alleged connections between the vulture hedge fund and the politician : on mar . 25 , 2004 , paul singer , head of elliott , made a donation to a group affiliated with the politician .
not surprisingly , litigation in sovereign defaults has increased steadily in the past decade . but the vultures’ victory over argentina represents a new low , both legally and ethically . why , going forward , would any bondholder agree to a discounted rate of return if there’s a chance to be a holdout and collect returns that are orders of magnitude greater ?
more often than not , sovereign debt restructurings are not deep enough to restore a national economy’s capacity for growth . but they are the best worst option for governments in desperate situations . the vultures’ most recent victory will only aggravate this problem , as debtor countries will become more prone to settle on terms even friendlier for creditors , even if those terms do not restore debt sustainability . the end of the commodity boom means we’re likely to see more countries put in this position .
astonishingly , what these companies do is legal . but they also helped shape the laws that make it legal .
more recently , puerto rico—not a sovereign nation—has found itself in a severe debt spiral . even though puerto rico is a us territory , the us bankruptcy code does not extend to the island—which would make the restructuring process that the country desperately needs chaotic and difficult to finalize . this would be the perfect land for vulture funds .
puerto rico has been trying hard to convince the us to extend the bankruptcy law to include the territory , but so far it has not succeeded . unsurprisingly , some hedge funds have been lobbying against this legal change . puerto rico also tried to enact its own bankruptcy law , but following a demand from oppenheimer funds and franklin templeton investments , the federal court in puerto rico and the us court of appeals for the first circuit declared any such law unconstitutional—and on june 13 the us supreme court affirmed the decision . the us congress has now the chance to pass new legislation to avoid a disaster in its own territory .
vulture hedge funds’ predatory behavior is bad for individual countries but ultimately , it also threatens the entire global financial system . to improve the workings of globalization , the international financial architecture needs new rules . in 2014 , the united nations took the lead for pushing reforms , but the us and the uk , the two largest lending jurisdictions , did not support the process . for the good health of the global economy , it’s time for advanced nations to join efforts with the less developed ones , and work seriously on rules that work for everyone—not just for the vultures .
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a delaware judge has dealt a blow to a $ 3 . 5 billion hedge fund
sprint corp acquired clearwire in 2013 after a bidding war with dish network corp pushed the price to $ 5 per share , valuing clearwire at about $ 14 billion .
the affiliate had sought $ 16 . 08 for each of its 25 million shares , or about $ 400 million .
the ruling stands out for a court that rarely finds fair value below deal price , let alone more than 50 percent below .
sprint , controlled by japan ' s softbank group corp , said it was pleased the court recognized clearwire shareholders received a significant premium .
wall street dealmakers have urged delaware judges and lawmakers to discourage appraisal , which has been become an investment strategy for hedge funds .
minor myers , a professor at brooklyn law school who studies appraisal , called the ruling unusual .
i think it ' s a message to litigants to be sure the arguments they put in front of the court are reasonable ,
said myers .
the court has been criticized by dealmakers for not deferring to the negotiated deal price when a company ran a proper marketing and sale process . laster found the clearwire sale was fair to minority investors , but only after dish intervened and the price was driven to $ 5 per share .
the delaware court has ruled in the past year that computer maker dell inc and dfc global corp , a lender , were both sold below fair value despite properly run mergers .
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the board is the entity that , under promesa , technically brought the bankruptcy filing .
hfrx global hedge fund index up + 0 . 19 % through mid - march
eurekahedge : hedge fund down - 1 . 64 % , the worst monthly loss since may 2010
as the u . s . shifts from monetary stimulus to fiscal stimulus , market pricing should . . .
starting in 2019 , financial industry executives sitting for the coveted chartered . . .
modern trader explores the effect of a potential trade war on u . s . equity markets . will it end the bull run or will low interest rates allow u . s . equities to maintain its momentum ? read on . we also attempt to identify the key drivers of active equity hedge funds .
a member of a labor union shouts slogans while holding a puerto rico flag during a protest in san juan .
as puerto rico careens toward a major default on its $ 70 billion debt load , one hedge fund mogul is emerging as a stumbling block to any deal with creditors .
no , it’s not renowned “holdout” paul singer , who isn’t involved in the island .
this week , moody’s investors service said default is likely . while no official talks have been held , the island commonwealth has said it wants bondholders to take losses or exchange their debt for new bonds that pay a lower interest rate and carry a longer payout period .
so far , brodsky is less than bowled over by the idea , several sources said .
“he’s digging in his heels and refusing to compromise , ” said a person close to the informal discussions that have taken place among creditors .
in september , brodsky was at it again — trying to block a restructuring deal between ukraine and its bondholders , according to individuals involved in the talks , who said brodsky ended up cutting a side deal to get paid back 100 cents on the dollar .
the creditors have been meeting in recent weeks to try to find common ground on concessions they can agree on in upcoming negotiations with puerto rico .
in recent weeks , the treasury department has asked congress to intervene by passing a bankruptcy law for puerto rico .
such a change is unlikely to happen — at least not before the commonwealth runs out of money , sources said .
news corp . is a network of leading companies in the world of diversified media , news , and information services .
we are a pan - european investment group focused on creating value through the operational improvement of companies with development potential . established in 2004 , we are publicly listed in germany and we operate from offices in germany and the uk .
bertram group , originally founded in 1968 , is a leading uk multi - channel books wholesaler , selling printed books to retailers , academic libraries and consumers worldwide as well as digital books to academic libraries . with operations across the uk , the netherlands , and france it is comprised of six distinct brands : bertram books , wordery , dawson books , erasmus , houtschild and bertram library services . with a strong competitive position across the uk and europe , bertram group distributes 20 million books each year to over 100 different countries .
wex photo video , established in 1997 , is the uk’s leading online photo retailer , focused on meeting the needs of enthusiast and pro photographers and videographers with over 17 , 000 products . the urltoken website is complemented by a highly knowledgeable customer contact team , its norwich showroom , and extensive online content . in september 2015 , wex photographic acquired fixation , the country ' s leading repair workshop , also offering equipment rental , advice and sales from its base in kennington , london . in 2017 , wex merged with calumet’s uk business to offer a true omni - channel experience across its website , shops and norwich - based contact centre .
office depot operates in the uk and thirteen countries across europe through its two main brands : office depot and viking . office depot serves workplace needs through a wide range of office supplies , technology products , business machines , printing supplies , facilities products and furniture . office depot has had a presence in the uk since 1991 and from its leicester head office service customers throughout the country .
founded in 2000 , working links is a leading provider of specialist services , in the uk and internationally , to help those in society with complex needs to progress from social exclusion to social inclusion . as a prime contractor delivering key government programmes , such as the uk’s flagship work programme and transforming rehabilitation schemes , they work alongside key public sector funders including the department for work and pensions and ministry of justice to deliver frontline public services in areas such as rehabilitation and employability .
calumet is a multi - channel retailer of branded and own - label photography equipment and services with locations across germany , belgium , and the netherlands . calumet’s expanding online business and pan - european network of specialist stores offer a premium purchasing experience across all channels to a diverse customer base of photography enthusiasts , professionals , and companies .
allied healthcare is the uk’s largest domiciliary care business and a leading provider of healthcare services to the nhs and local government and the majority owner of a major irish homecare provider . the company has more than 12 , 000 employees and works with 140 local authorities located across england , scotland , and wales , and 100 + nhs clinical commissioning groups .
solidus is a top 2 player in both the european solid board and graphic board markets . each year solidus produces 180 , 000 tonnes of solid board , 180 , 000 tonnes of solid board packaging products and 130 , 000 tonnes of graphic board . solid board is predominantly utilised in the food and beverage sector , due to its water resistant properties . graphic board is traditionally used in hard back book covers , jigsaw puzzles and luxury packaging . solidus has also been grown via acquisitions in northern europe ( 2016 ) and southern europe ( 2018 ) which have further grown its solid board capabilities and brought core board manufacture into the group .
wh sch , c . eng , b . eng ( hons ) , mift , mimeche , miod
creating . we carefully value development potential for bringing back companies on the road to success .
understanding . our expertise in different industries and sectors lets us identify opportunities for long - term growth .
support . we support our employees in their daily business , professional career and in achieving personal goals .
developing . we secure and improve our companies ' market position leading to a long - term increase of the corporate value .