intercropping is a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity .

the most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop .

intercropping

( read more about other intercropping methods in my blog “ intercropping : why some farmers try something different ” here . [ 2 ] )
if you’d like to read more about intercropping , the university of manitoba has some research on the success of the pea - canola intercropping combination here .
mean number of insect pests per plant ± sd in castor based intercropping systems .
impact of intercropping on gross margin from castor . high quality figures are available online .
rating by farmers of different castor–based intercropping systems . high quality figures are available online .
1 . mixed intercropping : growing two or more crops simultaneously with no district row arrangement .
vandermeer j ( 1989 ) the ecology of intercropping . cambridge university press , cambridge , uk
i started reading discussions on intercropping through the combine forum , and began researching a farmer from midale saskatchewan named colin rosengren who has been intercropping in saskatchewan successfully since 2004 [ 3 ] .
— . 1979b . intercropping—its importance and research needs . part ii . agronomy and research approaches .
srinivasa rao m , dharma reddy k , singh tvk . impact of intercropping on the incidence of
mean occurrence of microplitis on achaea janata across various intercropping systems . high quality figures are available online .
row intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field with a row arrangement .
the use of intercropping systems provides an option for insect control for organic farmers that are limited in their chemical use . additionally , intercropping systems can be attractive to conventional growers as a cost - effective insect control solution .
2 . row intercropping : growing two or more crops simultaneously where one or more crops are planted in rows .
intercropping is the practice of planting crops in between row crops to maximize land use , and also to offer competition to weeds that might otherwise usurp excess water and nutrients . intercropping using a cover crop mixture of legumes and grasses can increase soil organic matter , fumigate the soil , or break weed cycles and suppress weed growth . in addition , intercropping disrupts pest presence on the farm . intercropping is a valuable practice for small - scale organic producers .
intercropping is growing two or more crops together at the same time in the same space in a beneficial manner . row intercropping is working this arrangement with at least one of the components being planted in rows . strip intercropping is a more industrialized version with rows of individual crops big enough to be harvested with machinery . mixed intercropping is more like what we imagine as a guild , in which plants are bunched together more naturally but in purposeful ways . relay intercropping is when the plants being intercropped are timed so that they are planted as the others are between flowering and harvesting .
willey , r . w . 1979a . intercropping—its importance and research needs . part i . competition and yield advantages .
impact of intercropping on castor equivalent yields and land equivalent ration ( ler ) . high quality figures are available online .
1 . rhs level 2 certificate week 19 – outdoor food production . vegetables – crop rotation , intercropping and successional cropping
intercropping is the planting of more than one crop in close proximity as part of the same farming system . the design of intercropping systems can vary dramatically depending on the purpose of the intercrop for the farming operation . intercropping produces the benefits of on - farm diversity , increased productivity , resource distribution balance , farm risk reduction , and weed and insect pest control .
awesome information on intercropping . i did’t know the push - pull cropping was created in africa . thanks for this post !
4 . relay intercropping : seeding planting two or more succeeding crops after flowering and before the harvest of the standing crop .
effects of intercropping grasses on soil organic carbon and microbial community functional diversity under chinese hickory ( carya cathayensis sarg . ) stands
effect of intercropping pattern on stem borer infestation in pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l . ) grown in the nigerian sudan savannah
) compared to a castor monocrop . the intercropping systems were observed with respect to land utilization ; land equivalent ratios are presented in
some farmers like sheldon okerstrom like a challenge , and with intercropping a challenge is what he gets . i had the chance to sit down with sheldon for an interview , and for the past 6 years he has been experimenting with intercropping on his and his wife joanne’s family farm in moose jaw , saskatchewan . intercropping is growing two or more crop types on one field . and while there are a few different intercropping methods farmers can use , the okerstroms practice a mixed intercropping method with peas and canola . mixed intercropping is where two or more crop types are seeded together and harvested together . the okerstroms joked , “sometimes people drive by our farm and think we either made a mistake or we just have a really rough looking crop this year , most people don’t realize we meant to do this” [ 1 ] .
intercropping is the practice of growing different crops in the same field . there are many spatial combinations possible for intercropping , including mixed intercropping , in which different crops are planted in the same row or without regard to row , and row intercropping , which involves planting different crops in alternating rows . crop rotation involves planting different crops on the same plot during different times of the year , and can include some of the benefits of intercropping , such as reducing insect pest populations , increasing beneficial insects , and weed suppression . in addition , non - crop plants such as weeds , cover crops , and habitat plantings can be combined in space and time to influence numbers of pest and beneficial arthropods on the main crop .
songa jm , jiang n , schulthess f , omwega c . the role of intercropping different cereal species in controlling lepidopteran stemborers on maize in kenya .
risch , s . j . ( 1983 ) intercropping as cultural pest control . prospects and limitations . environmental management , 7 , 9 - 14 . urltoken
were also fluctuated significantly and varied across different intercropping systems during the crop period . significant reduction of incidence of these pests was not observed over monocrop of castor (
* uses and limitations of multivariate analyses in analysis of intercropping experiments * ( federer , w . t . ; murty , b . r . ) 20 pages
thevathesan nv , gordon am ( 2004 ) ecology of tree intercropping systems in the north temperate region : experiences from southern ontario , canada . agrofor syst 61 : 257–268
subba reddy g , maruthi v , vanaja m , sree rekha m . influence of soil depth on productivity of rainfed castor and clusterbean in sole and intercropping systems .
intercropping systems for insect pest control includes the planting of a crop that has a repellent effect , an attractant effect , or a combination of the two , on a targeted insect in close proximity to a crop that has the potential to be attacked by the insect . here’s an overview of the three mechanisms of intercropping for insect pest control :
was uni— modal , with peak infestation noticed only once when it coincided with the formation of primaries and the incidence varied across the intercropping systems . the intercropping systems castor + cluster bean , castor + cowpea , castor + groundnut , and castor + pigeon pea recorded significantly lower population levels ( 0 . 58 to 0 . 89 per plant ) (
this is much the same as building a guild , though row , strip , and relay intercropping are often also used for large quantity grain , vegetables and legume crops , which don’t necessarily conveniently fit into a food forest . for those interested in introducing or reimagining intercropping within their own gardens , here are some things to consider as you get started .
risch , s . j . 1980 . the population dynamics of several herbivorous beetles in a tropical agroecosystem : the effect of intercropping corn , beans and squash in costa rica .
note : intercropping and crop rotation are not the same thing , as intercropping requires that different types of plants are grown in the same space at the same time while crop rotation is the concept of growing different types of plants in the same space at different times . in crop rotation , the plants don’t necessarily need to be good companions in the same way .
risch , s . j . ( 1983 ) intercropping as cultural pest control . prospects and limitations . environmental management , 7 , 9 - 14 . - references - scientific research publishing
intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field . it also means the growing of two or more crops on the same field with the planting of the second crop after the first one has completed its development . the rationale behind intercropping is that the different crops planted are unlikely to share the same insect pests and diseased - causing pathogens and to conserve the soil .
3 . strip intercropping : growing soil conserving and soil depleting crops in alternate strips running perpendicular to the slope of the land or to the direction of prevailing winds for the purpose of reducing errosion .
cocoons at the posterior end of larvae and adult emergence were recorded and noted as indicators of parasitism . the percent parasitism varied across intercropping systems between 5–11 % . a higher level of parasitoid attacks on
intercropping is defined simply as growing two or more crop types on one field . the practice of intercropping has actually been around since farming began . modernization of farming equipment has changed our farming practices into what they are today , which is largely mono - cropping . mono - cropping is planting only one crop on a field that was adapted with the intention of maximizing the amount of seeds you could plant on one field and in a shorter period of time . looking back on it today , it seems our ancestors were on to something , as there still a lot of value held in the practice of intercropping .
gemelle brion is a masters student in the uvm food systems graduate program . she is studying intercropping systems with a focus on insect pest control in uvm’s insect agroecology lab under the guidance of professor yolanda chen .
population was observed in castor + green gram , castor + black gram , and castor monocrop ( 1 . 12 to 1 . 29 per plant ) . the significant effect of these intercropping systems on the population of
while you won’t reach a 40 bushel crop of canola with intercropping due to competition , it’s like getting a free crop because we utilize more of the seed bed . you have to give something up to get something .
in order to have an appropriate discussion , however , we’ll need to define and separate a few ideas so that all readers are on the same page . for those of us who’ve studied permaculture , the point of intercropping will be fairly obvious , if not completely familiar and / or recognized under a different name . nevertheless , we will ultimately examine why we might want to try it , as well as some of the more commonplace considerations for intercropping .
ha smith , and r mcsorley , intercropping and pest management : a review of major concepts : american entomologist [ am . entomol . ] . vol . 46 , no . 3 , pp . 154 - 161 . 2000 .
) . the activity of coccinellids was recorded within a month after sowing and continued through the entire crop growth , and during the later lower levels of coccinellid populations . the peak activity of coccinellids was recorded during the formation of primaries in all intercropping systems . the coccinellid population varied significantly across intercropping systems throughout the crop growth period . systems like castor + cluster bean , castor + cowpea , castor + black gram , castor + green gram , and castor + groundnut had significantly higher populations of coccinellids than the other intercropping systems , that was reflected in mean number ( 0 . 38 to 0 . 48 per plant ) compared to the castor monocrop ( 0 . 13 per plant ) (
< 0 . 01 ) . the fluctuation of the spider population was significant among intercropping systems , and the spider activity was significantly higher in castor + cluster bean ( 0 . 41 per plant ) . the presence of parasitoids such as
host range and host - finding are two aspects of insect behavior that determine how an insect will react to a given crop mixture . the “resource concentration” hypothesis of intercropping and pest management states that it is easier for an herbivore to become abundant when the resources it needs to live and reproduce are concentrated in a monoculture than when these resources are diluted with non - host plants . this explanation for how intercropping can reduce pest densities implicates pests with a narrower rather than a broader host range .
beyond not using the same family , there are some other considerations . with mixed intercropping , it’s imperative to consider root structures , such that plants don’t crowd each other out beneath the surface , as well as above groundsizes , which could interfere with the specific sun requirements of other plants . or , considering strip intercropping , it would be very important to practice sound crop rotation within the rows in order to avoid dormant pests and diseases in the next crop , as well as—again—specific nutrient depletion in soil .
patt , j . m . , g . c . hamilton , and j . h . lashomb . 1997 . impact of strip - insectary intercropping with flowers on conservation biological control of the colorado potato beetle . advances in horticultural science 11 : 175–181 .
. . . in france , sweden , and canada , the weeds in oilseed rape are tackled by intercropping frost - sensitive legume as living mulch ( bergkvist , 2003 ; thériault et al . , 2009 ; cadoux et al . , 2015 ; lorin et al . , 2015 ) . the advantage of intercropping annual legumes with cabbage and cauliflower in turkey ( guvenc , 2005 , 2006 ) and broccoli in the usa ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) over sole crops , were demonstrated in vegetable production . in india , intercropping mustard and annual legumes for oil and food , increases yield stability , nutrient availability , and water use efficiency and provides monetary advantage over sole crops ( banik et al . , 2000 ; singh et al . , 2010 ; devi et al . , 2014 ) . . . .
these are the basic four methods commonly employed . sometimes they involve annual grains and vegetables , such as the mixed intercropping classic of corn , beans and squash . sometimes there are perennial species with annual crops grown amongst them , say perennial garlic and basil with annual tomatoes . perennials also work well with other perennials . in parts of the tropics , bananas , papayas , coffee , vanilla and cacao make a crackerjack intercropping team . sometimes these work in organized rows , other times in other patterns , but the main thought is to make thoughtful combinations .
however , what it isn’t—at least not if done well—is a careless congregation of different plants . some things just don’t belong together . for example , tomatoes , eggplants and potatoes are all from the nightshade family , so they don’t work well for intercropping . for one , they use similar nutrients . as well , they attract similar pests and are susceptible to similar diseases . intercropping with things from the same family is asking for nutrient depletion while promoting troublesome insects and illnesses through a lesser version of , though not far off from , mono - cropping .
advantages : 1 . intercropping gives higher income per unit area than sole cropping . 2 . it acts as an insurance against failure of crop in abnormal year . 3 . intercrops maintain soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers . 4 . reduce soil runoff . limitations : intercropping system is uneconomical and undesirable during rabi . crops to be considered for intercropping . a ) kharif crops : 1 . medium black soils : a ) pearl millet + red gram 2 : 1 b ) pearl millet + horse gram / kidney bean / cow pea inter row of pearl millet . 3 . soils up to 20 cm depth a ) pearl millet + red gram ( 30 - 60 - 30 cm ) b ) rabi crops : safflower + gram ( 2 : 1 ) d ) fodder for milch animals : sorghum bajara + cowpea or horse gram or kidney bean .
. . . these similarities may result from the use of polyculture systems or intercropping in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles forested systems where species , through complementary traits , have a complementary resource use , leading to an overall higher productivity ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , polyculture systems may combine perennial species with less acquisitive traits ( pineapple or cassava ) and seasonal and fast - growing species with more acquisitive traits ( rice , maize , and peanuts ; e . g . , ewel 1999 ) . . . .
. . . these similarities may result from the use of polyculture systems or intercropping in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles forested systems where species , through complementary traits , have a complementary resource use , leading to an overall higher productivity ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , polyculture systems may combine perennial species with less acquisitive traits ( pineapple or cassava ) and seasonal and fast - growing species with more acquisitive traits ( rice , maize , and peanuts ; e . g . , ewel 1999 ) . . . .
smith , h . a . , r . mcsorley , and j . a . sierra izaguirre . 2001 . the effect of intercropping common bean with poor hosts and nonhosts on numbers of immature whiteflies ( homoptera : aleyrodidae ) in the salamá valley , guatemala . environmental entomology 30 : 89–100 .
. . . the need for healthy vegetables and fruits and the increasing demand helped flourish this type of agrarian system . recent studies showed that intercropping celery with different vegetables plants and nonvegetables , besides decreasing pest attacks , increases the nutrient uptake of the vegetables in this system by forcing them to maximize their biological fixing capabilities ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) . consumed worldwide celery is found in many family vegetable gardens due to its taste and flavor , for the important role that this specie has in the relationship between compoments of intercropping systems ( bavec et al , 2010 ) . . . .
ler : it is observed that under the rainfall situation deviating from 2090 to 50 percent , the intercropping system of bajara + red gram is more stable as cowpea to the pure crops tried . on an average , the land equivalent ratio ( ler ) comes to 77 percent compared to pure crop .
. . . these similaries may result from the use of mulple cropping systems or intercropping ( growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field ) in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles nat - ural systems where resource use is comple - mentary rather than compeve ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , solar radiaon can be more fully used by differenaon in maximum photo - synthesis rate , different pathways of carbon fixaon or by manipulang leaf area and leaf density through combining maximum adult stature , shade tolerance of leaf angle ( ewel 1986 ) . . . .
. . . finally , the cc and cp can be cultivated by relay intercropping . this method involves the sowing of the cp under a well - established cc canopy before maturity ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) . the cp emerges within the cc , and grows slowly due to its limited access to light . . . .
depending of the crops intercropped , competition for water , light and nutrients may result in lower yields . one limitation with intercropping is that it is not often compatible in farming systems where there is a high degree of mechanization or when the component crops have different requirements for inputs . intercropping often calls for careful timing of field operations , and it may necessitate special interventions to keep competition between the intercropped species in balance . a crop mix that works well in one year may fail the next if weather favors one crop over another . a mixture of crops with different growth forms or timing of development may make cultivation and use of inputs more difficult and less effective .
1 . intercropping gives additional yield income / unit area than sole cropping . 2 . it acts as an insurance against failure of crops in abnormal year . 3 . inter - crops maintain the soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers of soil . 4 . reduction in soil runoff and controls weeds . 5 . intercrops provide shade and support to the other crop . 6 . inter cropping system utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased ( reddy and redid , 1992 ) . 7 . intercropping with cash crops is higher profitable . 8 . it helps to avoid inter - crop competition and thus a higher number of crop plants are grown per unit area .
7 . intercropping and other intensive cropping approaches < ul > < li > intercropping – growing rows or plants of a quickly maturing vegetable between those of a slow growing one . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > catch cropping – growing a quickly maturing crop on soil left vacant by a harvested crop or set aside to be planted later . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > mixed cropping – growing several vegetables together that benefit each other and are harvested at the same time ( e . g . ’the three sisters’ : sweet corn , beans and squash ) . < / li > < / ul >
i’m interested in farming practices that use the ecology of the farm to correct resource and pest imbalances . intercropping is a prime example of such a practice . practices that rely on on - farm ecology can reduce pesticide use , allow farmers to better understand the interplay of organisms on their farm , and are often more cost effective to the farmer .
< 0 . 05 ) altered capsule damage , and were less with cluster bean ( 9 . 89 % ) , black gram , green gram , cowpea , and groundnut ( 10 . 35 to 13 . 38 % ) , and were significantly superior over the rest of the intercropping systems and castor monocrop ( 20 . 84 % ) . the population of
get into permaculture and within no time an entire field of jargon is sprouting up around you , and while it can be exciting to have all these new ideas to ponder and play with , it can also be a bit intimidating…bewildering…intense . well , at some point or another we’ve all felt that way , but even so , it’s time to talk about one of those mysterious terms : intercropping .
focus group discussions were held with farmers before commencement of the on—farm experiments . the discussions revealed a number of important pieces of information : farmers were routinely practicing castor monocropping ; few farmers were aware of the advantages of intercropping in terms of lowering of pest infestation ; adoption of chemical insecticides was the common solution for controlling insect pests ; and although some farmers were aware of the various components of ipm , implementation was not significant .
9 . crop rotation – benefits and limitations inflexible – intercropping , catch cropping or mixed cropping do not fit well planning the rotation also enables planning succession personal taste is vital on a small scale – the grower might like brassicas but not carrots . one crop can benefit the next in the rotation – nitrogen fixing legumes ; potatoes suppress weeds most pests and diseases are mobile or have long persistence minimises plant problems – pests , diseases and deficiencies limitations benefits
associational resistance refers to the reduced herbivore attack that a plant experiences when they are associated with taxonomically different plants ( kaitaniemi et al . 2007 ) , and it may be true for the intercropping systems . associational resistance is due to either resource concentration , the natural enemy hypothesis , or both . favorable intercrops like cowpea and cluster bean recorded higher populations of predators and facilitated in—situ culturing of them . the castor + sorghum intercropping system had lower pest populations . although it is not a legume , sorghum as an intercrop reduced the pest incidence in castor . because of its faster growth and canopy formation , the sorghum crop suppressed growth of the castor plants and made them small and lean . plants suppressed in this way may become less attractive to a pest or provide a less suitable food source ; alternatively , the smaller suppressed plants may constitute a less efficient crop for passively dispersing pests ( trenbath 1993 ) .
crop combining can be a stand - alone approach to pest management , or it can be combined with other pest management strategies , including chemical and biological control and the use of resistant plant varieties . the successful use of intercropping to manage pests depends on a thorough understanding of how distinct crop characteristics and combinations will influence the behavior of pest and beneficial arthropods . in addition , the challenges of combining crops in a manner that minimizes competition and assures acceptable yields must be addressed .
repellant intercrops : an intercrop that has a repellent effect can also be used for insect pest control . this often requires more rows of the intercrop to be planted than in a trap crop system . in this system , the repellent intercrop masks the production crop from the insect pest , deterring the insect from its host crop . whether the repellency is due to chemicals emitted by the plant or due to the physical structure of the intercrop is unknown . an example of repellant intercrops can be seen in a recent study that showed that intercropping leeks with beans ( host plant ) had a repellent effect on the bean fly .
. . . these results are also in agreement with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis ( bongers et al . 2009 ) , which states that at an intermediate level of disturbance species richness and hence , functional diversity , is higher , because of the coexistence of early - successional acquisitive species with late - successional conservative ones ( see also lasky et al . 2014 ) . the large trait variation in agricultural land can be attributed to intercropping systems ( coolman and hoyt 1993 ) . slash - and - burn management techniques can maintain a number of species and functional diversity ( altieri 2004 , chazdon et al . 2009 ) . . . .
. . . these results are also in agreement with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis ( bongers et al . 2009 ) , which states that at an intermediate level of disturbance species richness and hence , funconal diversity , is higher , because of the coexistence of early successional acquisive species with late - successional conservave ones . the large trait variaon in agricultural land can be abributed to the intercropping systems , in which more than one species of crop are culvated with different strategies of resource acquision ( coolman and hoyt 1993 ) . slash - and - burn techniques thus main - tain species and funconal diversity ( aleri 2004 ) . . . .
push - pull cropping : a combination of repellent and attractant crops can be used in an intercropping system for insect pest control . this type of system was developed in africa and is called a push - pull system . the attractant crop draws the insect in ( acts as the “pull” ) and the repellent crop deters the insect ( acts as the “push” ) . the push - pull system that was developed in africa protects corn from stem boring moth larvae by planting a grass that is more attractive to the moths , napier grass , as a border and planting a repellent crop , desmodium ( a legume ) , in between the rows of corn .
similar focus group discussions were held again at the end of the project with the same set of farmers as before . farmers were asked to rate each intercropping system on a scale of 1 to 10 with respect to three parameters , pest incidence , yield , and cost of cultivation . farmers expressed that the diverse crop systems in fact experienced lower pest infestation than the monocultures . the obtained average indicated that the castor + cluster bean system fared better with a score of 2 . 1 ± 0 . 72 for pest incidence , 7 . 3 ± 0 . 86 for yield , and 6 . 05 ± 1 . 69 for cost and was considered superior to all other systems (
11 . learning outcomes < ul > < li > 1 . cultivation techniques ( 2 ) < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 1 describe the methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 2 identify a range of propagation methods used in the production of a range of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . crop rotation etc < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 1 state the benefits and limitations of using crop rotation . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 2 describe how crop rotation can be used in the vegetable garden . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 3 describe two methods by which successional cropping can be achieved in the production of a range of vegetable crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 4 define the term : ‘intercropping’ . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 5 explain how intercropping can be used to maximise production . < / li > < / ul >
2 . learning outcomes < ul > < li > a . identify three active revision techniques < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . cultivation techniques ( 2 ) < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 1 describe the methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 2 identify a range of propagation methods used in the production of a range of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . crop rotation etc < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 1 state the benefits and limitations of using crop rotation . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 2 describe how crop rotation can be used in the vegetable garden . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 3 describe two methods by which successional cropping can be achieved in the production of a range of vegetable crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 4 define the term : ‘intercropping’ . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 5 explain how intercropping can be used to maximise production . < / li > < / ul >
the rationale for the selection of intercrops to quantify the impact of intercrops on pest incidence is as follows . black gram and green gram are short—duration legumes grown by farmers . cowpea is a short—duration pulse crop also considered as an eco—feast crop , which attracts aphids , thus increasing occurrence of coccinellids ( surulivelu 2004 ) and encouraging multiplication of coccinellids and other predators . pigeon pea is a long— duration crop grown by farmers along with castor . cluster bean is considered a relatively insect pest—free crop and was found to record higher ler ( land equivalent ratio ) values when intercropped with castor ( subba reddy et al . 2004 ) . groundnut and sunflower are grown as intercrops in pigeon pea and castor by some farmers . sorghum is the major food cereal crop grown in dryland conditions . intercropping systems that have been found to be effective along with some other systems , both popular and / or suggested by the farmers were included .
living mulches are minor crops that are planted within a major crop and can be considered as a type of intercropping . living mulches may be planted on adjacent rows of the main crop , within the same row as the main crop and within close proximity of the main crop . non crop plants are typically used as living mulches in vegetable systems including buckwheat and white clover , trifolium repens l . some benefits of using living mulches include reduced pest populations , increased densities of beneficial insects , and improvement in soil texture and structure because of the organic matter added to the soil ( frank and liburd 2005 , nyoike and liburd 2010 ) . nyoike and liburd ( 2010 ) reported higher populations of beneficial insects when buckwheat was intercropped with squash as opposed to using uv - reflective mulch in squash plantings . similarly , frank and liburd ( 2005 ) found lower pest pressure and higher beneficial insect populations in treatments containing buckwheat and squash compared with other conventional systems of growing squash in the absence of a living mulch ( fig . 6 ) .
trap cropping : a system that uses an attractant crop planted close to the production crop is called trap cropping . the plant that is used as an intercrop ( trap crop ) is more attractive than the production crop to the insect , so the insect is drawn to the trap crop . in conventional systems , insecticides can be applied to the trap crop alone , reducing the need for pesticide use on all acres . in organic systems , an organic materials review institute ( omri ) approved insecticide could be used on the trap crop , or a mechanical means of insect control can be used , such as using a tractor - mounted vacuum over the trap crop . a good example of a successful trap cropping system that uses field vacuums is found in the control of lygus bugs on strawberries in california .
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natural forests are multilayer structures built over many years , with tall - and medium - size trees , shrubs , climbing vines and leafy undergrowth . in a natural forest , plants share water and sunlight and provide shade and soil protection .
the multilayer structure of the natural forest can be imitated in the home garden . such a home garden requires careful planning and time , but once established , it provides many benefits .
a multilayer cropping system mixes fast - growing plants with slow - growing plants , and early - maturing plants with late - maturing plants , using the basic multiple cropping principle described in home garden technology leaflet 12 ,
multiple cropping
. figures 1 and 2 provide some ideas for designing parts of a home garden using a system of mixed planting .
table 1 provides examples of trees and other crops that can make up the different layers in a home garden . if the suggested crops are not suitable for a given area , the local agricultural extension worker can advise home garden managers on the crops best suited to that area .
a multilayer plant community is a perfect and cheap support system . yam or runner bean or certain varieties of cowpea can be grown together with maize or sorghum . in this scenario , the cereal stalks provide support to the climbing plants . trees can be planted in the home garden to provide natural trellises .
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urltoken
mixed or multiple cropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field without a row arrangement .
relay cropping is the growing of two or more crops on the same field with the planting of the second crop after the first one has completed its development .
strip cropping is the cultivation of different crops in alternate strips of uniform width and on the same field . it has two types ; contour strip cropping and field strip cropping . contour strip cropping follows a layout of a definite rotational sequence and the tillage is held closely to the exact contour of the field . field strip cropping has strips with uniform width that follows across the general slope of the land .
reduces the insect / mite pest populations because of the diversity of the crops grown . when other crops are present in the field , the insect / mite pests are confused and they need more time to look for their favorite plants .
reduces the plant diseases . the distance between plants of the same species is increased because other crops ( belonging to a different family group ) are planted in between .
minimizes labor cost on the control of weeds . a mixture of various crops gives often a better coverage of the soil leaving less space for the development of weeds .
results in potential increase for total production and farm profitability than when the same crops are grown separately .
provides 2 or more different food crops for the farm family in one cropping season .
mettot , b . the inter planting of vegetables . back home woods magazine . urltoken
boller , e . ; hani , f . ; poehling . editors . ( 2004 ) : ecological infrastructures . : ideabook on functional biodiversity at the farm level . iobc , oilb , mattenbach ag . winterthur , switzerland .
daxl , r . ; von kayserlingk , n . ; klien - koch , c . ; link , r . ; waibel , h . ( 1994 ) : integrated pest management : guidelines . deutsche gesellschaft fur technische zusammenarbeit . eschborn ,
icipe . ( 2003 ) : 2000 - 2003 icipe scientific report . international center for insect physiology and entomology , nairobi , kenya .
in essence , these are all forms of companion planting , in which one plant provides some useful component for another . the technique can be small in scale , something seen in a home garden , but strip cropping is also becoming more common for progressive industrial models .
there are many reasons for why we would want to intercrop . it can help suppress weeds , especially if we time - sequence our planting such that a cultivated choice is always occupying the space . it can help us combat pests and diseases , especially those which are soil - borne and can transfer from one year to the next . it improves the soil structure , alternating root types and adding different forms of organic matter to the surface , all of which helps to create rich , crumbly earth . it also keeps fertility levels balanced by using different plants with different needs , as well as some with valuable soil inputs , such as with the ever - popular nitrogen - fixing legumes .
we intercrop because to do differently—seemingly so—is completely counterintuitive to what serious and sustainable food cultivators would want to do . the modern - day monoculture standard is one completely reliant on petroleum , agrochemicals , endless water supplies , and land expansion . it leaves a wasteland in its wake .
consider how the group of plants might affect each other’s sunlight . shade isn’t always a bad thing , but it might be for the wrong plant .
time - sequencing can be very useful , and combining plants with different growth rates means they won’t be interfering with the other at the most crucial points of development .
legumes , accumulators , and green manures are great plants to include as they help to continually revitalize soils .
include species , such as culinary herbs , that help repel insects . some plants , like onions and carrots , have very specific companions for this .
a complementary sharing of plant resources , such as nitrogen from n fixing plants .
where two or more crop types are mixed together , seeded together , and harvested together .
sometimes termed “fast crop / slow crop” , relay cropping is planting a second crop type into an existing standing crop once it’s reached the reproductive stage .
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first , we had to make sure we have enough tanks for two different seeds and our fertilizer inputs . we would prefer to have four tanks but we make it work with three . next , you have to make sure you have an opener that can triple shoot and place the dual crop and fertilizer . when it comes time to harvest , we harvest the peas and canola together and then separate it in a rotary screen . then , ideally we store the canola and peas separately due to the difference in moisture content between the two ( peas are 15 - 16 % moisture while canola is about 10 % ) to prevent any spoilage . the crop can then be stored in bags or in bins .
fertilizer rates – how much fertilizer do we apply to feed both crops , especially predicting how much to offset the n application due to the peas supplying the canola with n . i usually start with 30lbs of n and then let the peas nodulate and supply the remaining n the canola needs .
finding chemicals compatible with multiple crops can be difficult . there are plenty of chemicals for just peas or canola on their own , but far less when you need to apply an application to both . this can make a weed resistance issue a lot more complicated and can cause you to be forced to use a chemical that may be registered for one of your intercrops , but not the other .
peas feed the canola with nitrogen , while canola gives the peas legs to stand rather than lying flat on the ground . saves money on inputs and no lifters needed to pick the crop up .
when conditions are right and all the factors properly align , these can be some our best paying crops on the farm .
growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land ( field ) . there is a crop intensification in both time and space dimensions . there is intercrop competition during all or part of crop growth .
in rained areas of maharashtra : 1 . sorghum / pearl millet / cotton + red gram / black gram or kidney bean or cowpea or groundnut . 2 . groundnut + sunflower . cotton + soybean , cotton + black gram safflower + gram
selection of intercrop is one the basis of duration of crop and growth rethyms . the short duration crop gets harvested and long duration crop gets the benefits of september showers and produces more yields . e . g . pearl millet + red grams .
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to grow more than one crop in the same field , especially in alternating rows or sections .
a method of growing quick - maturing vegetables between widely spaced , longer - term crops to make efficient use of the growing area .
and plant spacing were recorded in onion field plots as a management tool against t .
are efficient use of labour and food security as it provides insurance against crop failure or against unstable market prices for a given commodity , especially in areas subject to extreme weather conditions such as drought and flood .
system on soil biology and nutrient profile in plastic tunnel to overcome continuous monocropping obstacles .
cover crops under chinese hickory stands may significantly increase soc stock and labile organic c concentrations , and improve microbial community functional diversity .
may provide resources such as food , alternative prey and hosts , and shelter for the natural enemies .
to protect soil condition , by training farmers in water management techniques , and by helping farmers generate income from coffee - farming byproducts - - such as mushrooms cultivated from coffee pulp .
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we are grateful to the faculty of renewable natural resources , kwame nkrumah university of science and technology , ghana , for research support . we would like to acknowledge field and laboratory assistance by a . owusu , e . dawoe , e . adjei and y . teng and constructive comments by two anonymous journal reviewers . financial support for this study was provided by the natural science and engineering research council of canada .


weblogs , inc. is a blog network of about 90 blogs , covering a variety of subjects , from computers and gaming to the likes of food and independent film .

roughly half of these blogs are regularly updated and maintained .

weblogs , inc. was founded in september 2003 and has been owned by aol since october 2005 .

weblogs , inc .

for more on weblogs , inc . , please visit ( urltoken ) ) . weblogs and the weblogs corporate logo are trademarks of weblogs , inc .
the tension : aol buys 85 blogs , engadget , autoblog , weblogs inc .
the weblogs , inc . network brings you its best of the best - autoblog
weblogs is aol ' s third acquisition this year . the company acquired wildseed inc . and xdrive inc . in august .
weblogs , inc . is aol inc . ' s third acquisition in 2005 - following the acquisitions of wildseed , ltd . and xdrive , inc . in august .
the weblog ad directory ( + weblogs , inc . v . gawker stats ! )
aol buys blog network weblogs inc . - technology & science - tech and gadgets | nbc news
the weblog ad directory ( + weblogs , inc . v . gawker stats ! ) – urltoken
september 2003 jason calacanis founds weblogs , inc . , which eventually grows into a portfolio of 85 blogs .
judith meskill is out at aol’s weblogs inc . this follows the departures of jim bankoff , former aol ceo jon miller and weblogs inc . founder jason calacanis . no word on where meskill will land , but at this rate it seems only a matter of time before weblogs inc . / engadget golden boy peter rojas looks for his exit .
16 . september 2003 jason calacanis founds weblogs , inc . , which eventually grows into a portfolio of 85 blogs .
a lot of other successful news blogs are affiliated with weblogs inc , just check out urltoken or joystiq . com !
aol , a unit of time warner inc , could announce the acquisition of new york - based weblogs inc . urltoken as early as thursday ,
a source tells reuters .
america online inc . , the world ' s largest internet service provider , will boost its presence in the blog community with its acquisition of weblogs inc . , a leading blogging company .
founded in december 2004 , tuaw was part of the weblogs , inc . stable along with engadget , autoblog and joystiq , which is also being closed .
download squad to the rescue ! the popular and useful downloads blog from weblogs inc . posted about a utility that can help you monitor your own network .
congratulations to all of the bloggers and employees of weblogs , inc . there are a number of additional public / private acquisition deals that will be announced this month as well .
with 3 wins , weblogs inc . takes the cake . we try to get their blogs to match the gawker’s . if you have some disputes against these results , comment .
, autoblog , hack a day , and other popular blogs . you can already see and add to aol newsfeed link at the top right corner of weblogs inc . , sites . aol is reported to have paid $ 25 million in an all cash deal for the properties . weblogs inc . , will become an independently editorial wholly owned subsidiary and part of the
weblogs content will also be incorporated within aol properties such as moviefone and netscape . urltoken users will be able to connect to weblogs via the liveweb and people connection links on the homepage .
the 85 blogging sites that aol is getting as part of its purchase of weblogs inc . let users read about everything from travel to technology and debate on topics like parenting and movies .
there are reports that aol has acquired weblogs , inc . and will officially announce it later this week . the acquisition price , including earnouts , is reported to be $ 20 - 35 million .
earlier this month news corp . celebrated the three year anniversary of the acquisition of myspace . today , aol does the same for the weblogs , inc . blog network they acquired in october 2005 .
about america online , inc . america online , inc . is a wholly owned subsidiary of time warner inc . ( nyse : twx ) . based in dulles , virginia , america online is the world ' s leader in interactive services , web brands , internet technologies and e - commerce services .
weblogs , inc . , founded by jason calacanis and brian alvey was launched just two years ago and is funded by mark cuban . calacanis has reported a revenue run rate of about $ 2 million .
im sorry . it just sucks without hacks , and you know its just weblogs inc . trying to get a crap load of coverage . you think all those posts about live8 were because vince was so darn happy about it ? no . they were because weblogs started a live8 blog and vince lived conveintly in philly .
media : compuserve | huffpost | netscape | nullsoft | tacoda | techcrunch | truveo | weblogs , inc . | awesomenesstv ( 24 . 5 % ) 2 | verizon hearst media partners ( 50 % ) | yahoo !
in july 1969 , operators formed alvarado drive - in theatre inc . in january 1972 , the business was purchased by syufy century theatres inc . of san francisco , which ran several other indoor and outdoor california screens .
in 2004 , brian alvey and jason calacanis created the publishing company weblogs , inc . — home to such category leading blogs as engadget , autoblog , joystiq , tuaw , tv squad , cinematical , download squad , wow insider and slashfood . aol acquired weblogs , inc . in 2005 . while at aol , brian was named the chief architect of netscape and lead the development team which turned the struggling portal into a thriving social news site .
gawker media and weblogs inc . both run many blogs , and some are popular with tech geeks alike . so , how many blogs do they run ? more importanly , who has the most average readers… terence huynh writes .
download squad was a very popular blog , and the sudden shutdown has many in shock . one of the weblogs , inc . blogs , it was named among computerworld ' s list of the ten best written blogs in 2008 .
jason mccabe calacanis , co - founder and chief executive of weblogs , has said that weblogs gets more than $ 1 million a year by participating in a google inc . program in which text ads are triggered by keywords on a web page . but the company generates even more revenues from other advertising , calacanis said , refusing to provide details .
best j ——————— jason mccabe calacanis ceo , weblogs , inc . , an aol company . gm , urltoken office : 310 - 979 - 5654 | mobile : 310 - 456 - 4900 blog : urltoken yahoo / aol im : jasoncalacanis
a while back , peter caputa called me out for not talking about the star system of comment ratings that have popped up on weblogs inc blogs . i took notice and have been checking it out . here is how jason calacanis describes it .
the agreement with weblogs , signed wednesday , is expected to close next week . dulles , va . - based aol will now sign agreements with the more than 100 independent , freelance bloggers who produce more than 1 , 000 postings weekly on weblogs’ blogs .
america online , inc . today announced that is has signed a definitive agreement to acquire one of the online medium ' s leading blogging companies , weblogs , inc . ( urltoken ) of santa monica , ca and new york , ny . the financial terms of the deal were not disclosed . the agreement was signed wednesday , october 5 , and is expected to close next week .
© 2018 , o’reilly media , inc . all trademarks and registered trademarks appearing on urltoken are the property of their respective owners .
welcome to apple world today . while this is a new website , the roots of it go back ten years to the founding of a site called the unofficial apple weblog ( tuaw ) . that site grew out of weblogs , inc . , which had a large stable of websites including engadget , joystiq , and autoblog . weblogs , inc . was acquired in 2005 by aol , which regrettably decided to discontinue some of the
smaller
websites in the last week . tuaw was down , but not out .
aol members and visitors to urltoken will be provided with access to weblogs ' content in a number of areas . links to weblogs ' 85 unique blogs will be seamlessly embedded and integrated across the aol service , such as the personal finance channel , the autos channel , the travel channel , the games channel , the television channel , and at aol news - among others . weblogs content will also be integrated within aol , inc . ' s network of properties , such as moviefone , aol music and netscape . on urltoken , visitors will be able to connect to weblogs via the ' liveweb ' and ' people connection ' links on the homepage .
to techcrunch , aol will be folding both tuaw and jostiq , a video gaming blog founded in 2004 , into engadget , another high - profile publication it acquired as part of the 2005 purchase of weblogs , inc . and its network of about 90 blogs .
has been providing apple news , reviews , how - tos and other content about the cupertino - based company since december 2004 . aol gained ownership of the website through its acquisition of weblogs inc . in 2005 . the company has three other flagship media properties in
weblogs will become a wholly - owned , stand - alone subsidiary of aol . it will operate with full editorial control and independence .
but weblogs inc . currently have 54 blogs , many just extensions of a brand , and three yearly event blogs . most of their blogs have become either retired or on hiatus . 11 of the current blogs are extensions of engadget . overusing their brand… who knew ?
urltoken is jason calacanis’s blog – and while he’s technically retired from blogging ( for now ) – his site serves as his personal hub and an archive of previous blog posts . jason founded weblogs , inc and is the founder of urltoken a “human - powered search engine” .
weblogs , inc . , founded in september 2003 , is a privately - held , venture - backed company . weblogs operates a media network , launched in january 2004 , of 85 blogging sites covering a range of subject matters . the company features more than 100 independent , freelance expert bloggers producing over 1 , 000 blog postings weekly - providing rich , unfiltered content for millions of dedicated blog visitors and contributors .
weblogs is delighted to join up with aol , and in so doing , we ' ve reached a milestone in the development of citizen media ,
jason mccabe calacanis , co - founder and ceo of weblogs , inc . stated .
weblogs has made great strides over the past two years building high - profile blogs . yet , we realized that taking our network to the next level required a partner not only with a significant audience , but the advertising expertise to leverage it . in aol , we found the ideal company to join .
just a quick question… why is hack - a - day even under this weblogs inc . thing . i’ve never heard of it , or any other blog affiliated with it besides this one . why stick with it if it only hinders what you can do with the blog ?
in the following table , i took a look at the list of blogs listed on the weblogs inc . main site and ran the technorati site numbers against them ( duplicate entries in the weblogsinc list were removed as well as entries that pointed to sites which no longer exist ) .
sad news in the apple publishing community today . word on the street is that aol , amid a new round of lay - offs , is going to shut down tuaw , one of the longest - standing publications and among the most successful blogs in the weblogs , inc . portfolio .
now , before you get too excited let me tell you we’ve got 103 bloggers on the payroll and nine staffers here at weblogs , inc . we’re a big , little company so to speak . plus i gotta pay for peter rojas’ gadget habit ( let’s just say it ain’t pretty ) !
weblogs inc ' s family of sites are announcing a video game blog - urltoken . i thought i read in this month ' s wired that nick denton ala gawker , gizmodo and the rest was coming out with a video game blog as well . i guess calacanis beat him to the punch .
although santa monica , calif . - based weblogs will operate with full editorial control and independence as a wholly owned subsidiary , aol will integrate the blogs into its urltoken portal by linking to the best entries . visitors to aol’s moviefone , for instance , might see referrals to weblogs’ cinematical blog on films .
as the years went on and the technology evolved , agreda’s passion helped land him a job at weblogs inc . , which ran sites like engadget and tuaw . he was a top - ranked commenter and was offered a job by the blogging network , which aol later bought , to write about software .
aol bought weblogs inc . , the two year old weblog network founded by jason calacanis and brian alvey , for a number that is rumored to be anywhere between $ 25 million and $ 40 million . in this process , time warner may be providing some ideas as to the valuation of blogs by traditional media .
engadget and tuaw were part of weblogs , inc . , a company formed to launch gazillions of special - interest blogs . among the dozens it spawned were sites about cars , photoshop , google , yahoo , open - source software , bluetooth , wi - fi , downloads , tv , babies , and mortgages .
i could wait for a quote from weblogs themselves , but instead i ' ve put in a request to gizmodo . stirring the pot . . . moi ?
engadget was founded by former gizmodo technology weblog editor and co - founder , peter rojas . engadget was the largest blog in weblogs , inc . , a blog network with over 75 weblogs including autoblog and joystiq which formerly included hack - a - day . weblogs inc . was purchased by aol in 2005 . [ 3 ] engadget ' s editor - in - chief , ryan block , announced on july 22 , 2008 , that he would be stepping down as editor - in - chief in late august , leaving the role to joshua topolsky . on march 12 , 2011 , topolsky announced that he was leaving engadget to start the verge , appointing tim stevens - - profiled by fortune on may 31 , 2012 [ 4 ] - - as the editor - in - chief . [ 5 ]
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there was some testing going on and discussions on yesterday about google adsense adds located in rss feeds . now , weblogs inc has announced that it is the first platform to test google’s much - anticipated rss advertising service . rss feeds for the unofficial apple weblog ( urltoken ) are now carrying google adsense powered contextually relevant text ads .
in acquiring weblogs inc . , aol has now provided us with some numbers traditional media are willing to pay for a blog . looking at the numbers above , one can try to guess at the value of a link from an external site . a single link on the weblogsinc network represents 0 . 002258559942180087 percent of the overall network .
weblogs’ blogs , which include joystiq on gaming , blogging baby on parenting and gadling on travel , appear to have accomplished what other blogs only dream of : they make money .
with the re - launch , aol took down great television site tv squad and integrated some of its staff and content into aol tv . aol has operated tv squad since 2005 , when it acquired weblogs , inc . and its roster of sites like tv squad , engadget , and tuaw . users that go to the url urltoken are now automatically redirected urltoken .
now lets get this post rolling [ does this even make sense ? ] . gawker has bloggers across the world , but will not open more bloggers until a job opportunity . weblogs inc . , however , lets people join the ever growing role of blogging for their blogs , with at least 3 examples . so you can join the site and get paid .
welcome to the blog - apocalypse . weblogs inc , the leading network of 90 or so blogs including engadget , tuaw and autoblog , has racked up more than one hour of downtime so far tonight . it ' s incredibly rare for an entire blog network to go down , but engadget et al all currently deliver the error : http / 1 . 1 service unavailable
weblogs includes roughly 80 advertising - supported sites published by a group of more than 100 bloggers . examples include autoblog , bloggingbaby and engadget , weblog inc . ' s most trafficked site , which is aimed at
rapid gadget freaks .
engadget ranks as one of the web ' s most visited blogs , according to data on traffic measurement site technorati .
the weblogs , inc . network features over 100 independent , unfiltered bloggers producing over 1 , 000 blog posts a week across over 75 industry - leading blogs . each week we ask our bloggers to choose their top posts , which we bring to you in one easy - to - read weekly post . you ' ll find lots more links after the jump . enjoy !
jason calacanis is the founder and ceo of mahalo , a video and app creator . he also founded the silicon alley reporter ( sold to dow jones ) , as well as weblogs , inc . which created engadget , autoblog and joystiq . weblogs , inc . was purchased by aol and is now the cornerstone of their content strategy . calacanis is an active angel investor and has hosted the popular podcast
this week in startups
since 2009 . after three years of hosting techcrunch50 , he founded launch media , which publishes the launch ticker and produces a number of events including the annual launch festival in san francisco . the festival features 40 + startups that launch in front of 2 , 000 + industry leaders . previous graduates include mint , dropbox , yammer , fitbit and room 77 .
adjab was deleted from the internet entirely about a year after the site was shut down by new owners aol , which also eventually folded cinematical into moviefone and did a content purge . same goes for tv squad , another part of the former weblogs inc network . marketingvox stopped publishing in 2014 , long after i’d ceased writing there and i found that links i’d saved to my posts no longer work .
weblogs was cited by fortune in a recent cover story on the
10 tech trends to watch in 2005
, and in february was named by businessweek as one of
five net names to watch in ' 05
. in addition , luxist , a luxury lifestyle blog and one of weblogs ' most popular destinations , was named by usa today as one of the web ' s
hot sites
.
the weblogs , inc . network features over 100 independent , unfiltered bloggers producing over 1 , 000 blog posts a week across over 75 industry - leading blogs . each week we ask our bloggers to choose their top posts , which we bring to you in one easy - to - read weekly post . you ' ll find links to the hottest posts from the fourth week of july after the jump . enjoy !
jim bankoff , aol’s executive vice president for programming and products , said the company will work with the weblogs team to create additional journals that fit with aol’s existing lineup of programming channels and new ones that emerge .
weblogs inc . is an independent company from aol . owning over 90 blogs , it has become the bloggers choic for content . with engadget , download squad , tv sqaud and many more , with blogs dedicated to one event . founded by brian alvey and jason calacanis , aol acquired it in 2005 . it’s popular blog , engadget , has spawned many spinoffs for china , japanese and spain and for mobile and hd addicts .
gawker and weblogs , inc . have been talking about making a directory of blogs and their traffic for advertisers . john battelle’s folks over at federated media are interested as well . the group of us have been talking with measurement folks ( i . e . ipro ) , but frankly i think this is a project that is so important that we , as a group , should fund it and manage it by an open board .
america online inc . will inherit engadget , autoblog and other popular web journals as part of a $ 25 million deal announced thursday that expands aol’s presence in the blogging community and the company’s potential to attract advertising dollars .
weblogs produces blogs in specialized , ' niche ' consumer and trade markets , with over 30 million monthly web page views and 25 million monthly rss page views per month . weblogs ' more popular blogs include : engadget ( technology ) , autoblog ( automotive ) , joystiq ( gaming ) , cinematical ( films ) , blogging baby ( parenting ) , luxist ( luxury ) , gadling ( travel ) , the wireless weblog , slashfood , and tvsquad .
a number of popular blogs got their start in the early 2000s , including boing boing , dooce , gizmodo , gawker ( the first major gossip blog to launch ) , wonkette , and the huffington post . weblogs , inc . was started by jason calacanis in 2003 , and was then sold to aol for $ 25 million . it was that sale that helped to cement blogs as a force to be reckoned with rather than just a passing fad .
episode reviews . when i first started at tv squad – the late , great web site started by weblogs , inc and eventually gobbled up by aol – i thought episode reviews were the greatest thing since blue jeans and remote controls . it was great to watch an episode of a show and then write a review of it and get it up quickly . and it was really fun to engage the community of tv fans and read their comments and thoughts about the episode .
selling advertising on highly focused blogs without enormous audiences didn’t turn out to be all that easy . most of weblogs’ weblogs didn’t last all that long , especially after aol acquired the company in 2005 . engadget thrived by getting more and more ambitious , adding full - blown product reviews , subsections and spinoffs , and multimedia efforts until the term “gadget blog” was a hopelessly insufficient definition of its aspirations . gizmodo , while not resembling engadget all that much , also got outgrew the original gadget - blog template .
john calacanis of weblogs inc explains the new adsense channel : what does this mean ? well , it means we know we can make money off of our rss feeds and that we can justify providing you—our readers—with free “full” feeds to our content . many folks are moving to headline only feeds so that you have to click through to the web… i can understand this , how else is a publisher going to make money ? well , that question is answered and we’re psyched to be part of it .
aol , a division of time warner inc . , is paying $ 25 million in an all - cash transaction , said an executive familiar with the deal . the executive spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to disclose financial details .
aol , a division of time warner inc . , is paying $ 25 million in an all - cash transaction , said an industry executive familiar with the deal . the executive spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to disclose financial details .
yesterday i saw that darren murph ' s 17 , 212 engadget - related blog posts had snagged him a guinness world record . my first thought was ,
now that is a staggering number of blog posts .
between this blog , blogstakes ( from back in 2003 ) and a bunch of weblogs , inc . blogs like the rss weblog and tv squad i have done roughly 900 blog posts . i don ' t think i ' ll ever even reach 17 , 000 tweets , much less blog posts .
the weblogs , inc . network features over 100 independent , unfiltered bloggers producing over 1 , 000 blog posts a week across over 75 industry - leading blogs . each week we ask our bloggers to choose their top posts , which we bring to you in one easy - to - read weekly post . you ' ll find links to the hottest posts from the past week after the jump including birthday poetry , a request for someone to act like the champion they are , and five favorite treehouses of horror . enjoy !
download squad was a highly prolific blog covering all types of software : desktop , mobile , and software residing in the cloud . it was one of the best destinations to go if you wanted news about new versions of popular software . as part of popular blog network weblogs , inc . - together with engadget , techcrunch , tuaw and joystiq , to name a few - it was purchased by aol in october 2005 . in 2008 , computerworld named download squad one of the
top 10 best - written blogs .
the agreement , which was signed wednesday , is expected to close next week . the deal will make the santa monica , california , and new york - based weblogs a wholly owned , stand - alone subsidiary of aol , operating with full editorial control and independence .
congratulations , darren murph . thanks for inspiring my little trip into weblogs history — and my first blog post since july . it was wild to see that spreadsheet again and reread a lot of the email conversations with many of the bloggers as we made our transition into aol .
back in the pre - aol weblogs , inc . days we had special reporting screens in my blogsmith cms that would show how many posts our bloggers had done in the last 24 hours , 7 days and 30 days . if a blogger had failed to do a blog post in the last 30 days — and that blogger was not named mark cuban — we would lock them out of the system and even have our editorial director judith meskill re - interview them before allowing them back in . so blogger post counts have always been a critical business metric .
the appeal of blogs , which can range from one teenager’s ranting about school to an industry insider’s take on the latest gadgets and trends , comes from their unfettered , conversational nature , though those qualities can also give larger companies headaches . some weblogs blogs , for instance , contain occasional profanity .
to make the aol tv relaunch possible , aol has integrated the features from tv squad , which it acquired with the rest of the weblogs , inc . network of sites ( including engadget and tuaw ) in 2005 for $ 25 million . until now , aol television and tv squad continued to operate as separate , independent sites , but now aol tv has merged the two together , which means all of the old tv squad content can now be found on aol tv . ( and if you go to tvsquad . com , it will automatically redirect you to aoltv . com . )
since the acquisition , aol says , the weblogs , inc . blogs ( which include engadget , tmz , download squad , tuaw , joystiq , autoblog and others ) have seen worldwide unique visitors climb nearly 1000 % ( 122 % annually , on average ) and page views rise over 1 , 500 % ( 154 % annually , on average ) , according to august 2008 comscore media metrix . in october 2005 , the blogs had a u . s . audience of 1 . 4 million unique visitors and were generating about $ 6 million in revenue . today its 13 million uniques and revenues of about $ 30 million .
founded just over 10 years ago in december 2004 , tuaw was acquired by aol in 2005 when it purchased weblogs , inc . , alongside other influential sites including autoblog , joystiq , and engadget . tuaw currently has 11 editorial staffers , according to its about page . aol ceo tim armstrong forecasted these changes during an earnings call back in november , stating that the company would
simplify everything that can be simplified .
armstrong said aol would try to increase growth and value from its content sites by
simplifying the portfolio of brands ,
while improving its video offerings , which has rapidly become the backbone of just about every new media company’s advertising strategy .
sam j . russo and co - op theatres inc . were listed as chief operators . the russo family ran several local movie houses , including the nearby college theater ( sold in the early ' 70s ) , as well as owning minority stakes in theaters operated by others , such as the tu - vu drive - in .
aol has always been at the forefront of creating , expanding and celebrating flourishing communities online , where our members ' voice is elevated to new levels of expression , creativity , and self - publishing ,
said jim bankoff , executive vice president of programming & products at aol .
this exciting and groundbreaking combination allows our audiences to be able to do a ' deep - dive ' into a vast array of compelling topics that keep them interested and entertained on our network of properties , day after day . moreover , weblogs , inc . provides aol with the ability to quickly launch websites and communities across areas our audience is passionate about , and advertisers are interested in ,
bankoff added .
during the period where topolsky was editor - in - chief , engadget was routinely accused of being biased towards apple inc . and the company ' s products . engadget seemed to be giving higher ratings to apple products , de - emphasizing their disadvantages . competing products were allegedly given the opposite treatment . [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ]
the engadget podcast [ 14 ] was launched in october 2004 and was originally hosted by phillip torrone and len pryor . torrone was the host for the first 22 episodes of the podcast at which point eric rice took over . eric rice is known for his own podcast , called the eric rice show and has also produced podcasts for weblogs , inc . . eric hosted and produced 4 episodes of the podcast for engadget until the show was taken over by peter rojas and ryan block . the podcast was hosted by editor - in - chief joshua topolsky along with editors paul miller and nilay patel with occasional special guests until their 2011 departure . the podcast was produced by trent wolbe under topolsky ' s editorship and continued to be under tim stevens until december 2012 .
the move will give aol users access to an array of unfiltered content . weblogs hosts more than 100 independent , freelance expert bloggers producing more than 1 , 000 blog postings weekly . some of its most popular blogs include topics such as luxury , technology , automotive and gaming . blog links will be embedded and integrated across the aol service , such as the autos channel and games channel .
the drive - in was torn down in 1980 . in 1985 , jack guttman and his guttman construction inc . built the $ 10 million bella pacific project on the former ozone lot , featuring 120 “condominium - grade” apartments . guttman also built the $ 8 million village grove project on the old ace drive - in lot , featuring 161 rental apartments , earning him an ominous nickname on several cinema aficionado websites : “the ozone killer . ”
the lemon bowl cinema dine opened at the beginning of 1948 , san diego ' s second drive - in theater . located on federal boulevard in lemon grove , the 1948 - 49 theatre catalog lists its original owners as c . e . norcross , suburban theatres inc . of loma linda , california . the lot included a restaurant , where everything from grilled - cheese sandwiches to seafood dinners was served , as well as prewarmed bottles of baby formula .
in 1990 , the lease on the property beneath the aero ran out , and operators were talking about closing up shop . this is when regan myles and his regan group inc . began running the aero , though it didn ' t take long for trouble to find them . the vista - based company ( which also operated the harbor drive - in in national city ) was sued by the san diego union - tribune over unpaid advertising , losing a judgment of $ 8645 in august 1992 .
the harbor drive - in at 3150 national avenue ( i . e . , national city avenue , near highway 54 ) opened in 1949 with a single screen and built to hold 500 cars . it was operated independently for years by t . p . huntington , whose firm harbor drive - in theatres inc . was launched january 15 , 1948 . the lot at 32nd and d avenue was open through all seasons , and raffles were a popular theater tradition beginning in the late ' 70s .
the midway drive - in was constructed in 1947 at the intersection of midway drive and sports arena boulevard , back when the boulevard was still frontier street and navy barracks stood on acreage later occupied by a fedmart . the midway drive - in theatre corporation was incorporated july 31 , 1946 , with floyd bernard jr . listed as company president . soon , joseph shure and his shure theatres inc . bought into the drive - in , though bernard maintained his stake for the entire life of the theater , later working with his son dusty bernard and dusty ' s wife lynn .
24 . august 2006 < ul > < li > technorati is now tracking over 50 million blogs . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 175 , 000 new weblogs created each day , < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > on average , more than 2 blogs created each second . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > total posting volume about 1 . 6 million postings per day , or 18 . 6 posts per second . < / li > < / ul >
aol also provides its members and urltoken visitors with access to aol journals ( urltoken ) , which launched in august 2003 . aol journals provides users with an easy way to share thoughts , photos and more with friends , family and others on the internet . in september 2005 , aol also released a milestone study called the aol
blog trends survey
, conducted by digital marketing services , inc . ( dms ) . the survey questioned 600 people who write one or more blogs on the web , and examined why they write blogs and what they write about . for the results , please click here .
in 1978 , oldknow sold the rancho drive - in for just over $ 1 million to a la mesa company , alessio leasing inc . , which had been renting part of the property for a used truck lot ( standard oil leased another triangular corner of the lot for a filling station that partially obscured the neon screen mural ) .
that really breaks my heart ,
his daughter teri says .
the rancho was the first in a whole circuit of drive - ins we ran in california , utah , nevada , arizona , and atlanta , georgia . i understand that , from a land - value aspect , the property was worth more to developers , but it still makes me sad .
the company will launch an ipo on a ' recognized ' us stock exchange .
it comes with boards , fishing rods , a tent and a solar - powered shower .
a couple of weeks ago one of our engineers woke up and read that hackaday was going up for sale . his first reaction was much the same as most regular readers of hackaday , he was worried and concerned that a site that he has read daily for years was going to be sold to someone who would promptly carve it up and ruin it . so he bumped it up the chain here at supplyframe and we decided that had would be a good fit for us and so we made an offer and here we are !
we’re a technology company on a mission to improve all aspects of the engineering and electronics industry . you’ve probably not heard of us directly , but if you’ve ever used findchips then you’ve used one of our sites . if you do a little digging you’ll soon find that we provide an advertising network to the electronics industry . while technically this might make us ‘the evil’ in many peoples eyes , we’re more than yet another media company . our platform and products are used by millions of engineers every month , and we’re building new tools to make designing and manufacturing electronics even easier .
we build tools for engineers , it only makes sense that we build a closer relationship with the community here . a few of our staff are regular readers , one has even had one of his hacks featured on had . we want to do more of that . while we’re mostly computer science nerds , we are aspiring makers and hackers – we have a hacklab in our office and a couple of projects under way ( check out the blog over here ) . we try to eat our own dogfood and to generally have a good time building cool stuff . hopefully soon we’ll have some hacks of our own to post up .
obviously we have to get some return on our investment , we make most of our money from our advertising network so we’ll probably change out the ads on the site , but that’s the only major change we want to make to the site at this point . rest assured we won’t be filtering or shaping the content based on our advertisers whims and our main focus will always be on the community and finding ways we can help to make it better .
well , we’ll keep had running mostly as it has been , the adverts will be more relevant ( which many of you might actually find refreshing ) , but other than that not much will change . we’ll try and bring in a few more writers and to help polish up things that have been left unattended . many of the plans that were proposed in brian’s presentation align nicely with our thoughts so hopefully we’ll see some of those happen .
in the longer term we’re going to see if we can help out with our contacts , our software development expertise and whatever else we can think of . we’ve got a good relationship with lots of companies in the electronics industry , we hope we can leverage some of those relationships to make good stuff happen here .
really we’re open to ideas , so let us know your thoughts on how to improve had and we’ll see what we can help with . one thing you can be sure of , we’re not here to do evil , we’re here to hack stuff and have fun doing it !
after several very long talks with these guys i am very pleased with this . this move is going to be massively positive for hackaday !
i’m working at urltoken now which leaves little room in my schedule for contributing to anyone else . i lurk here religiously though , and maybe i’m whispering ideas in the new owners ears… just maybe .
eetimes is great and now , it will be greater . thanks for your good work – robot
in fact , i would argue there is a statistically significant correlation between the two .
yeah , they are behind datasheet . net . good deal . having some cross site advertising from the new overlords would be a welcome thing .
that’s how i felt about it . there are completely irrelevant ads there at the moment , at least they’ll be relevant now .
but they should keep the ‘i used to care’ t - shirt ad . that one’s nice ; p
not if you’re wife ever looks over your shoulder ; ) i could do without them and the half - naked computer model girls .
i agree to keep that one too , for the obvious reasons . . they’re …uh…cool shirts…bonus , my wife finds those t - shirts hilarious .
i seem to get the “chinese women date” one . i’m cool with that .
massively positive for hackaday’s owner . the site , after that , he probably doesn’t care much about .
yes , i cannot think of a better company to own hack a day . my worst fear was that it got acquired by element 14 : - /
hopefully the new owners are not pot - heads that think pipe and bong tutorials are “hacks” .
it should be built into your browser . it should be built into your brain ! and there’s lots of proper nouns and comedic mis - spellings it would get in the way of . not to mention half the names of companies on the internet .
‘there’s’ is a contraction of ‘there’ and ‘is’ . ‘lots’ is plural . i think we have conclusively demonstrated that ‘sould be built into your brain’ and ‘is functionally effective’ are two separate things . i would not presume to demand a spelling or grammar checking feature , but many of us know it might be helpful to any of us .
spellcheck is knot a substitute four proofreading . had would benefit from and be far more professional appearing if it had a person or process to edit out the stuff that spellcheck leaves behind . seriously , 10 minutes with a “you want fries with that” english student would do wonders for a lot of posts .
i realize this is a “fly in the soup” kind of thing but communicating ideas well is a necessary part of being a success . the next generation of engineers , tinkerers , researchers and scientists are looking at this site too . it’d be nice to give them a good impression .
i come to this site for an education in spelling , grammar , and literary content . i find the posts to be exciting , but somewhat lacking in plot .
had would benefit from and be far more professional appearing if it had a person or process to edit out some of the had posters .
pretty sure all major browsers have built in spellcheck these days . or are you referring to the articles ?
they are fans of hackaday , not “suits” looking for a money machine . i’ve got a really good feeling about this .
the word “marketing” on their front page gave me a shiver . but then i saw their chief technology guy has long hair , so it balanced out .
the ‘contacts in the industry’ and ‘more targeted ads’ make me fear tte doom of censoring of comments on the horizon , and if that happens i’m outta here ( like too many times on various sites before ) .
but that’s a worse - case scenario , maybe it’ll be alright , we’ll see .
oh or one of those famous ‘sign this insane eula - of - bondage if you wish to register to post’ kinds of things , let’s hope that won’t happen either .
since this isn’t going to merge with their site , they will probably just heavily use the advertising . a customer won’t see this site and think of them , so they don’t need to censor it unless they think it will increase views .
i don’t know , based on a quick perusal of their website , i’m pretty convinced it’s going to be a bad thing .
in my experience , and i speak from the viewpoint of a 52 year old , whenever someone hypes how good something is , it always turns out to be very bad .
i’m with caleb on this one . if all they want to do is bring relevant ads ( which , from an even quicker perusal , seems to be their sole business model ) , then that’s kind of what hack - a - day already does . hack - a - day is about bringing interesting and innovative hacks to an appreciative audience . supplyframe simply does the same thing with relevant electronic products . and there is a significant overlap between the two .
so… what happens when a hack competes with an advertiser ? for example the whole thing with the 75mhz scope that with a simple hack , turns it into a 200mhz scope that the maker normally brands as a separate , unique product ( which it is clearly not ) .
good point . and if you go to eevblog , you’ll notice that supplyframe advertises on that site as well .
that is not a who cares . this is an extremely valid point and i for one would really like an answer . caleb or new overlords care to comment ?
i’ll tell you what . if stuff like that goes down , i’ll leave .
hey guys , as i have mentioned , we really have no plans on censoring content etc . we’ll do everything we can to keep it that way .
we have a very good track record for not suppressing content for any reason . i see this continuing . the essence of hacking is using stuff in a way in which it was not intended . i would hope that advertisers understand that’s the type of customer they’re reaching when supporting this site .
we’re still early on in our relationship with supply frame . but so far i agree with caleb . these seem like good folks and i’m getting nothing other than good vibes for the future .
if there are changes that seem like they alter the type of environment we have here now we’re going to talk about them openly . so stay tuned , keep reading , and keep us on our toes like you always do by leaving comments .
i like and regularly use findchips , so that at least is one point in favor of welcoming our new evil overlords .
yay ! and of course , the other required trope besides “i , for one , welcome…” is that the evil overlord is supposed to make a long enough speech about his / her evil plans that our hero can figure out how to get away and thwart them . ( oh , wait , but in this case the evil overlord is actually the hero , thwarting the plans of entropy itself… so , go overlord ! )
so , we refer to you as “lord bradic ? ” remember , we’re “hackers” which means we engineer things outside our usual area of expertise , if we even have an area of expertise .
question : will there be a policy regarding content of questionable nature that might reflect bad on your company ? e . g . dildo hacks , cannabis bongs , weapons of some sort , illegal hacking scopes , …
you stated ” we won’t be filtering or shaping the content based on our advertisers whims” but what about filtering / shaping that doesn’t involve the advertisers but the company itself .
at the moment we have no intentions of putting any new editorial policies in place . we’ll do our best to keep the spirit of posts intact .
ok then , i look forward to the first dildo bong crossbow hack post ( with tasteful photos of course ) .
in all seriousness though , i think there’s actually something to be said for intentionally posting some controversial stuff in the coming weeks to prove your continued commitment to anti - censorship . one of my all - time favorite things about hackaday is the fact that it isn’t afraid to post “questionable” content . my primary concern isn’t that the new owners will intentionally ruin the site , but that the new owners will have a paranoid legal team who end up pushing the content in a “safer” direction .
seconded : ) one of the best things about this site is the general lack of censorship . projects are posted ( mostly ) based on technical merit regardless of there taboo - ness .
agreed . fucking with the site by censoring anything adult related is going to be like what happened to yahoo / tumblr . don’t do it .
nva ‘north vietnamese army’ food is not welcome anywhere . cong rats . yum !
counterculture groups are pretty much always suspicious of whomever they deem to be the man , and frequently measure social status by how against the man you are . the more strident and unaccommodating , the more legit .