steuben glass works was an american art glass manufacturer , founded in the summer of 1903 by frederick carder and thomas g. hawkes in corning , new york , which is in steuben county , from which the company name was derived .

hawkes was the owner of the largest cut glass firm then operating in corning .

carder was an englishman ( born september 18 , 1863 ) who had many years ' experience designing glass for stevens and williams in england .

hawkes purchased the glass blanks for his cutting shop from many sources and eventually wanted to start a factory to make the blanks himself .

hawkes convinced carder to come to corning and manage such a factory .

carder , who had been passed over for promotion at stevens and williams , consented to do so .

in 1918 , steuben was acquired by corning glass works and became the steuben division .

in july 2008 , steuben was sold by corning incorporated for an undisclosed price to schottenstein stores , which also owns 51 % of retail ventures , a holding company for dsw , filene 's basement , and formerly value city department stores ; value city furniture , which changed its name to american signature furniture ; 15 % of american eagle outfitters , retail liquidator sb capital group , some 50 shopping centers , and 5 factories producing its shoes , furniture and crystal .

on september 15 , 2011 , schottenstein announced it was shutting down steuben 's corning factory and manhattan store , ending the company 's 108-year history .

in early 2014 , the corning museum of glass announced that it would work with independent contractors to reproduce steuben using a new , lead-free formula and their classic leaded crystal .

an assortment of iconic designs will be available through the museum shops , their authorized retailers , and online , with profits benefiting the educational mission of the museum .

steuben glass works

steuben glass works continued producing art nouveau glass until the advent of world war i .
corning glass works acquires steuben . frederick carder is kept on as managing director of the new
steuben division
of corning glass .
photograph is exterior of the four original steuben glass works buildings around 1907 . formerly , these buildings were the payne foundry and machine shop ; in 1903 , they were converted to the steuben glass works . also in that year was the addition of the third story and cupola to the building on the far right bearing
steuben glass works
.
this elegant , antique , art nouveau art glass lily shade is attributed to steuben glass works . it is crafted in iridescent gold with optic ribs .
the world’ s largest glass museum features the frederick carder gallery , a display of early pieces made at the english firm of stevens & williams , many of the objects he designed when he managed steuben glass works between 1903 and 1933 , and some works he created in his later years .
the steuben glass company of new york produced clear glass objects , often with engraved or incised designs . …
, new york . it was purchased by the corning glass works in 1918 but continued to be directed by carder until 1933 . the
articles of incorporation filed for a new glass firm called steuben glass works by thomas g . hawkes , president of t . g . hawkes and company , a glass - engraving firm , and by frederick carder , an english glassmaker specializing in colorful , art nouveau art glass typical of the period .
a classic art glass producer hailing from corning , new york , steuben glass works enjoyed over a century as one of the most celebrated american glass creators . established by american glassmaker frederick carder and englishman thomas g . hawkes in 1903 , steuben reflected the merger of old european craftsmanship and american innovation .
steuben is owned by corning incorporated and managed by the corning museum of glass .
for over a century , the name steuben has been synonymous with innovation and quality in american glass . established in 1903 in steuben county in upstate new york , steuben glass works was the dream of an englishman , frederick carder . carder had been urged by t . g . hawkes of a corning , new york , glass cutting firm to come to america to start a new company . in england , carder had worked for the stevens and williams company and had developed his own passion for working with glass . in 1903 he opened the steuben glass works , and its first products on the market became known as carder steuben .
steuben blue aurene art glass vase corning , new york , early 20th century iridescent glass , marked steuben , ht . 8 1 / 4 in . more . . .
small steuben colorless glass nut dish , ht . 4 in . more . . .
steuben , acid - etched white over celeste blue glass vase no . 8413 variant ,
corning incorporated licenses the corning museum of glass to oversee sales and production of steuben .
steuben glass was made at the steuben glass works of corning , new york . the factory , founded by frederick carder and t . g . hawkes , sr . , was purchased by the corning glass company . corning continued to make glass called steuben . many types of art glass were made at steuben . aurene is an iridescent glass . schottenstein stores inc . bought 80 percent of the business in 2008 . the factory closed in 2011 . in 2014 the corning museum of glass took over the factory and is producing some tableware , paperweights , and collectibles . additional pieces may be found in the cluthra and perfume bottle categories .
steuben glass : for contemporary pieces and company history visit urltoken or call 1 - 800 - steuben or write info @ urltoken .
arts and crafts iridescent art glass table lamp attributed to steuben , having a signed steuben iridescent gold shade above the blue . . .
steuben glass works was founded by frederick carder ( english , 1863 - 1963 ) and thomas g . hawkes ( 1846 - 1913 ) in corning , new york . carder previously worked for stevens and williams in england . the carder period at steuben spanned from 1903 until 1932 , at which time following losses during the great depression , corning glass took over the steuben division and ceased production of colored glass .
eight steuben colorless glass finger bowls , boxed , ht . 3 in . more . . .
steuben gold and blue aurene glass footed vases . auction feb , 8 , 2017 . lot 446
corning museum of glass opens in a building integrated into the steuben factory , allowing visitors a glimpse of the craftsmanship and artistry behind steuben .
the houghton period ( 1933 - 2012 ) of steuben glass was named for president arthur houghton jr . under his leadership steuben created more modern shapes and introduced a newly formulated , highly refractive clear glass .
steuben green jade handled art glass amphora form vase , 20th c . , with alabaster glass handles , shape # 2780 , designed by frederick ca . . .
pair of steuben colorless glass cornucopia vases , ht . 6 3 / 4 in . more . . .
pair of steuben glass candlesticks , signed , ht . 10 1 / 2 in . more . . .
steuben develops a glass with an exceptionally high refractive index that throws off an extraordinary rainbow of color . this proprietary formula makes steuben crystal stronger than ordinary glass , yet delicate to the touch . its brilliant finish becomes a hallmark of steuben and remains unrivalled today .
set of three steuben colorless glass urns , two marked
steuben ,
one unmarked , ht . 6 3 / 4 in . more . . .
2003 marks the 100th anniversary of steuben . the museum of the city of new york mounts glass and glamour : steuben ' s modern moment , an exhibition focusing on steuben work from 1930 - 1960 .
schottenstein announces they will end production of steuben . the steuben factory in corning , ny and the steuben store in new york city are closed .
set of three steuben aurene iridescent glass shades , ht . 4 1 / 4 in . more . . .
steuben colorless glass
trillium
bowl , ht . 5 , dia . 10 in . more . . .
unfortunately , world war i caused the factory to be unable to acquire the raw materials necessary for producing the exceptional glass for which it had become known . the company was sold to corning glass works and became known as the “steuben division . & rdquor ; before its purchase , steuben produced a variety of colored and iridescent art glasses . the sale to corning resulted in the company focusing on clear pieces of crystal art , with the last known sale of steuben colored glass occurring in 1943 .
named for the county in new york where the company was located , steuben glass works is widely recognized for producing a plethora of fine art glass in the early 1900s . the firm took shape in 1903 when thomas hawkes , president of t . g . hawkes and company , and frederick carder joined together in corning , new york .
in 1918 , steuben became part of corning glass works , now corning inc . steuben continued production under corning in a building next to cmog until 2008 . after a brief change in ownership , corning reacquired the brand and licensed cmog to produce and sell a limited selection of items that maintain the quality signified by the steuben brand . proceeds from steuben sales benefit the educational mission of the not - for - profit museum .
boxed set of twelve steuben teardrop wineglasses , 20th century , pattern 7890 , each glass signed , in original hinged box from the
steuben glass room
at shreve , crump & low company , boston , each more . . .
small steuben double - handled colorless glass candy dish , ht . 4 1 / 4 in . more . . .
steuben produced many blanks decorated by hawkes & apos ; firm until 1918 when it became part of corning glass company , as well as making decorative and colored glass in art nouveau styles . some of steuben & apos ; s lines were completely innovative and others competed with iridescent wares made by louis comfort tiffany and the austrian glass company loetz . tiffany sued steuben after seeing aurene pieces believing his favrile glass was being copied .
engraver thomas g . hawkes and english glassmaker frederick carder founded steuben glass works in corning , n . y . , in 1903 . carder was appointed artistic designer , production supervisor , and marketing director . throughout his career , he continually experimented with innovative colors and techniques , like layering , acid - etching , and acid - cutting his glass .
by the 1970s , with some key figures retiring , steuben transitioned again to “reaffirm the idealism of design , material , and craft with a view toward preserving the best of the past while clearly moving into the future . ” the company continued the design and production of functional glass devoid of added exterior decoration , as well as timeless sculptural pieces , until steuben glass works ceased production entirely in 2011 .
cmog displays the world’s largest collection of early steuben glass and important examples of the brand’s major works , and it houses steuben’s archival materials in the museum’s rakow research library . in addition , the historic ventilator building steuben once used , which is located on cmog’s campus , was recently renovated and repurposed as a 500 - seat amphitheater hot shop in the museum’s contemporary art + design wing .
steuben products are available in the museum shops at the corning museum of glass , on urltoken , and through select retailers .
18kt gold and glass heart pendant , steuben , 2 3 / 4 x 1 7 / 8 in . more . . .
steuben colorless glass
trillium
bowl , ht . 5 1 / 2 , dia . 10 in . more . . .
aurene iridescent art glass compote , possibly steuben , ht . 3 3 / 4 , dia . 6 in . more . . .
tiffany favrile lamp base with steuben shade new york , early 20th century round ribbed iridescent art glass shade paired with lamp base with applied gold glass accents , both with maker ' s mark , more . . .
steuben , founded in 1903 and bought by corning glass works in 1918 , made its first foray into modern design in 1932 , shortly after it hired walter dorwin teague , one of america ' s first home - grown modern industrial designers , to take it beyond its art nouveau roots . perhaps his most famous steuben pieces were the lens bowls , designs of stepped , concentric circles , inspired by the fresnel lenses produced by corning glass for use in lighthouses .
two pieces of clear steuben glass , a tall vase and a bowl , signed , ht . to 12 in . more . . .
well , bb the next time you go thrift store shopping take me with you ! i believe you are the proud owner of a carder steuben glass vase . made in the 1920s . it’s a part of the carder period ( 1903 - 1932 ) . carder’s great love was colored glass and produced more than 7 , 000 shapes and 140 colors . like so many geniuses , carder lost control of the management of the corning glass works due to wwi and changes in the public’s taste .
steuben glass , the american luxury crystal brand is renewing its tradition of collaborating with designers to develop the next generation of creations for the brand .
contemporary glass , which tends to be larger in scale , and space for the hot glass show . with this added gallery and show space , not only will more pieces be able to be displayed , but more people will be able to experience the art of glass blowing through live demonstrations . a new york city architecture firm has been hired to design a new contemporary glass gallery and new hot glass stage .
when collectors think of steuben glass , two distinct styles come to mind . the first was pioneered by steuben co - founder frederick carder in 1903 . as steuben’s chief designer , carder created a new form of iridescent glass called aurene . unlike tiffany’s dense and dark favrile line of iridescent glass , which was introduced in 1894 , carder’s aurene pieces were luminous and lustrous , seeming to radiate more light than they absorbed . so . . .
in the 18th and 19th centuries , young ladies attending dances employed porcelain , marble , and glass eggs to cool hands , heated by the excitement of the evening . our line of crystal hand coolers modernized the design into exquisitely intricate works of art that nestle refreshingly in your palm .
it was hawkes desire to have a factory that could both design and cut glass and when he learned of carder’s skills , he asked him to come to new york and help open such a self - contained factory . carder had recently been passed over for a promotion at stevens and williams , and decided , why not ! under carder’s leadership , steuben glass works prospered and developed several lines of very popular art glass . with hawke’s capital investment and carder’s unique sense of style , steuben crystal was on its way to becoming an american legend . carder was free to experiment with various glass making procedures and glassware colors , and he made the most of the opportunity .
yes , the steuben factory was located in a section of the building housing the corning museum of glass . yes , there was a steuben shop selling the crystal in the museum ' s glassmarket . yes , the museum even has a few pieces on display in the galleries . but no . the museum and steuben glass llc are not one in the same .
carder’s iridescent work in glass was similar to that of his contemporary louis comfort tiffany’s . however , carder steuben objects are characterized by symmetry of design . tiffany’s favrile glass , on the other hand , has an organic and spontaneous feel .
image included in the exhibition titled designing for a new century : works on paper by lalique and his contemporaries , held at the rakow research library , may 17 , 2014 - january 4 , 2015 .
works . it was not announced publicly until ten years later on june 1 . . . . . . later on june 1 , 1947 . it was officially patented in 1950 by stookey as u .
american art glass manufacturer , founded in the summer of 1903 by frederick carder and thomas g . hawkes in corning , new york who are they ? hawkes - was the owner of the glass engraving firm then , ( t . g . hawkes and company ) , operating in corning . carder - was an english glass maker specializing in colorful , art nouveau art glass typical of the period . cader period ( 1903 - 1932 ) houghton period ( 1933 - 2012 ) corning glass works appointed arthur houghton , jr . as president in 1933 under his leadership steuben changed artistic direction toward more modern forms . during this time steuden designers created a lot of beautiful and fluid designs such as the gazelle bowl the gazelle bowl the gazelle bowl was made by sculptor sidney waugh he developed a modern yet classical style for the new steuben colorless glass . the first gazelle bowls were engraved by the master engraver joseph libisch ( 1886–1964 ) . elf and mushroom short history steuben glass steuben glass is . . . tattoo vase äôs centerpiece is a large mouth - blown vase adorned with a sinuous snake , bird and branch , moth , flowers , and stars . kiki smith james houston
coinciding with the new philosophy at steuben was a newly discovered glass formula . while phasing out colored glass , the company came to use exclusively a new brilliant 10 - m formula for glass , which had an extremely high refractive quality that permitted the whole spectrum of a light wave to pass through it . steuben was able to ride out the depression by providing colorless crystal to an elite audience .
steuben was founded in 1903 by english glass master frederick carder , who named it for the county in new york where the city of corning is located .
steuben gilt - metal and colorless cut and polished glass sculpture entitled thistle rock , designed by james houston . auction : feb 8 , 2017 . lot 324
carder steuben club web site : collector club site featuring guides to spot fake steuben pieces , want ads and audio recordings of carder himself .
two steuben lamps art glass , ceramic corning , new york , 20th century conical colorless form with trapped bubbles rest on box shaped under lights , one with chips to tip , glass ht . 7 1 / 2 , box dia . more . . .
large steuben presentation bowl , floriform base , inscribed
steuben ,
ht . dia . 12 5 / 8 in . more . . .
sources : mary jean madigan , steuben glass : an american tradition in crystal ( new york : harry n . abrams , inc . , 1982 ) orva heissenbuttel , steuben glass , rainbow review glass journal ( 1977 ) , urltoken ( accessed november 28 , 2015 ) john stuart gordon , a modern world : american design from the yale university art gallery 1920 - 1950 ( new haven , ct : yale university press , 2011 )
plan your visit to the corning museum of glass today ! explore 3500 years of glassmaking . see glass come to life before your eyes . even make some yourself . and discover the beauty of steuben crystal - something that now belongs entirely to corning ' s history .
aurene - style blue art glass vase , early 20th century , attributed to steuben , unmarked polished pontil , ht . 7 1 / 2 in . more . . .
steuben opens a new flagship store in manhattan at 667 madison avenue ( at 61st street ) . the move provides an opportunity to completely redefine the history of steuben glass with a retail experience in a state - of - the - art setting .
glassware , any decorative article made of glass , often designed for everyday use . from very early times glass has been used for various kinds of vessels , and in all countries where the industry has been developed glass has been produced in a great variety of forms and kinds of decoration , much…
flint glass , heavy and durable glass characterized by its brilliance , clarity , and highly refractive quality . developed by george ravenscroft ( q . v . ) in 1675 , it ushered in a new style in glassmaking and eventually made england the leading glass producer of the world . ravenscroft’s experimentation was…
even after his retirement , he continued to experiment with glass production using the lost wax process in his studio office through 1959 creating a number of rare and desirable pieces of art glass . carder died in corning , new york in 1963 after a long and influential career in the glass crafting industry .
twelve designs in an ongoing series studies in crystal signify a change of design direction for steuben . by 1970 the collection will eventually grow to include over two hundred works . free from functional purpose , these pieces include both engravings on prismatic forms and free sculptural abstractions . while steuben continues to produce a large and varied line of tableware , vases , bowls and other utilitarian objects , these new , purely decorative pieces allow the company to exploit glass ' potential as a medium for sculpture .
steuben ' s modernist push got started in 1933 , when arthur a . houghton jr . , a young member of the family that owned corning glass , decided that the unprofitable steuben division ( now steuben glass ) should go contemporary . he was prompted by the example of other factories , like the furniture manufacturer herman miller , which had seen modernism as the solution to falling sales . but he realized that while steuben had skilled craftsmen and a special crystal formula , it lacked design and marketing expertise .
three steuben colorless glass items and a pamphlet , two bowls and a candlestick , ht . to 9 , dia . to 10 1 / 2 in . more . . .
two steuben colorless glass tableware , a large trumpet vase and a footed bowl , both signed on base , ht . to 9 1 / 2 in . more . . .
most steuben glass was marked in some way before leaving the factory , even if it was only a paper label affixed to the glass . these paper labels can be round , triangular , or octagonal in shape when found intact . there will usually be a polished pontil present ( an indicator of blown glass ) even if the paper label has worn or washed away over time .
during the war , however , a dearth of raw material and curtailed transportation caused production to fall considerably . when corning glass works acquired steuben in 1918 , the company , hoping to increase profits , reorganized . carder , now appointed managing director of the corning’s “steuben division , ” continued , as before , to introduce products in hundreds of shades and thousands of shapes , many of which followed classical lines . these included pinkish rosaline , fragile acid - etched goblets , pieces frothing with “controlled” air bubbles and milky - white and pale green creations dubbed verre - de - soies , or silk glass .
steuben glass , now celebrating its 100th year in business , was a token of high - end new york modernity from about 1930 to 1960 . its elegantly contemporary and flawlessly executed products - - cocktail shakers , drinking glasses , bowls , cigarette urns , olive dishes and the like - - made the perfect gift for the upscale bride and groom . and the company , an offshoot of corning glass works in corning , n . y . , promoted its wares , even during the depression , to an unabashed luxury market .
some called it the end of an era . some said its beauty simply wasn ' t enough . everyone agrees it was a very sad day when steuben glass llc stopped producing the
all current areas of the museum are expected to remain open during the construction phase . the last major expansion to the museum was completed in 2001 . the current contemporary glass gallery , hot glass stage , innovation center , glass market and auditorium were added and the rakow research library was relocated to a nearby building .
in 2008 steuben was sold and in 2011 the factory and store was closed .
since then , the artistic tradition established by steuben glass continues , as new designs are being developed by independent artisans in corning , new york , and in select production shops in europe .
you can sort by any title . click on any of the top titles to sort . if you want to see how it works , click on “year priced . ” all prices are reviewed by experts , but not every price has an image .
the glass of frederick carder / by paul v . gardner ; introd . by paul n . perrot .
the steuben heritage series is introduced in celebration of steuben ' s 75th anniversary , recognizing an unprecedented demand for classic crystal objects . the first heritage design is a faithful reissue of the popular thompsoncandlesticks offered in a limited edition to established steuben customers .
steuben glass is one of america’s most cherished producers of collectible crystal . whether it is a steuben vase , bowl , figurine , or sculpture , steuben pieces are always well received gifts and quickly earn their right as family heirlooms . the company was founded in 1903 by an enterprising englishman named fredrick c . carder and his partner thomas g . hawkes . carder had been designing and producing glass for sometime in england for the firm stevens and williams . hawkes owned a large glass cutting factory in corning , new york and the designs that were there came from many sources .
thomas s . beuchner , director of the corning museum of glass in 1957 , observed that this caused the glass surface to crackle into millions of tiny lines “that reflect light like a layer of oil floating on water . ”
and there are , less felicitously , numerous examples of bowls and plates with engraved glass designs that for many - - myself included - - fuzz up the steuben line . these include a number of works from the ' ' 27 artists in crystal ' ' project . among the best on view are o ' keeffe ' s single blossom at the bottom of a shallow round bowl and noguchi ' s simple plate with a linear drawing of a curled - up cat .
a steuben crystal egg achieves notoriety as the central focus of risky business starring tom cruise .
as the premier producer of exceptional american glass , steuben took an artistic turn in the 1930s . previously , the designers at steuben had followed styles that were popular at retailers like tiffany and co . beginning during the art deco movement , steuben became known for its unique work in modernist themes in clear glass . the company produced a number of prestigious pieces during the 20th century . u . s . president dwight eisenhower and wife mamie received an engraved steuben bowl as a gift from his cabinet in 1954 . the city of atlanta gave martin luther king , jr . an engraved steuben bowl in 1965 . president and mrs . johnson gave a steuben bowl to princess beatrix of the netherlands for her wedding to claus von amsberg . as chair of the lincoln center for the arts , john d . rockefeller iii received a steuben sculpture from david m kaiser , president of the new york philharmonic orchestra . these examples of the stature of steuben’s work pretty much speak for themselves .
the company introduced its first major engraved steuben crystal piece , gazelle bowl , in 1935 . this elegant work of art , designed by sidney waugh , features 12 graceful gazelles leaping around a spherical bowl that is balanced on a solid glass base . this was the first steuben creation to reflect close artistic collaboration between glass designer and glassmaker . it was also the first to display all of steuben artists’ superior glassmaking techniques , blowing , cutting , polishing , and copper wheel engraving , in a single , collaborative , work .
steuben aurene jack - in - the - pulpit vase art glass new york , 1900 - 25 gold iridescent floriform vessel raised on circular base marked aurene , ht . 12 in . estate of claire stern more . . .
this new firm would change the entire glassmaking industry , and etch frederick carder’s name forever in the annals of gifted glass masters .
donald albrecht , the show ' s curator and an expert on modern american design and architecture , focused on this largely forgotten chapter in steuben ' s history for two reasons . first , it offered a glimpse at the early days of american modern design , a progressive industrial aesthetic that steuben helped to cultivate . second , in promoting and marketing its glass at that time , steuben perfected a purely american style of corporate branding .
for more than a century , steuben has been internationally recognized as the benchmark of excellence in glass . the flawless brilliance of our material , renowned craftsmanship , and timeless design are without compare . now , under the stewardship of the corning museum of glass , the story of steuben is once again available to be shared . produced in small quantities , each item is hand - crafted to reflect the time and care committed to the achievement of elegance and quality .
steuben glass compote crystal corning , new york , 20th century flared rim raised on four curved arms joined to circular base , signed , approx . ht . 4 5 / 8 , dia . 10 in . more . . .
although its factory has always been upstate , steuben has a close connection with manhattan . the company opened a retail shop at 748 fifth avenue in 1934 and then , as business grew , put up the corning - steuben building at fifth avenue and 56th street in 1937 , with walls of corning pyrex glass blocks set in limestone .
the corning museum of glass - one museum way - corning , ny 14830 800 . 732 . 6845 or 607 . 937 . 5371
four steuben pieces including gazelle bowl are added to the permanent collection of the metropolitan museum of art .
the pieces produced by steuben during these years were , like the gazelle bowl , simple , clean and sophisticated , reflecting the modernist ethos that had swept europe a decade before . in just a few years the company had successfully cast off its edwardian granny glasses and become the sleek beauty on the block . by the 1950 ' s ( with the help of the advertising firm then known as ogilvy , benson & mather ) , steuben had branded its glass as the ultimate luxury for the home . and steuben ' s modern moment wasn ' t confined to objects . its parent company commissioned two fifth avenue buildings - - one made largely of glass blocks , in 1937 , and a sleek glass high - rise by wallace k . harrison , in 1959 , that housed steuben ' s flagship store for 40 years .
collector ' s pieces , a collection of 31 new ornamental designs opens as the new store ' s inaugural display . the exhibition includes moby dick by donald pollard and sidney waugh , which marks a watershed in the history of steuben glass with the use of engraving : no longer is the engraved decoration merely
an illustration on glass ,
but an integral component of the form .
small blue aurene dish , possibly steuben , dia . 5 1 / 2 in . more . . .
during the depression , however , the public’s interest in colored art glass waned . therefore , when stocks began to pile up , corning glass marketed carder’s products deeply discounted , as factory leftovers . in 1932 , the carder era came to a dramatic end . corning’s new management , to the chagrin of steuben aficionados past and present , destroyed volumes of old - fashioned , “unmarketable” carder - designed colored stock en masse . locals dubbed it “the smashing . ” that same year , corning researchers unveiled a new type of optical glass , 10m . unlike traditional glass , 10m features a very high refractive index that allows the full spectrum of light , including ultraviolet waves , to pass through it . the result is a brilliant , flawless , colorless lead glass known today as steuben crystal . while the company was transitioning to this remarkable new medium , it produced many engraved art deco bowls and vases using traditional , abrasive copper wheel techniques .
' ' glass and glamour : steuben ' s modern moment , 1930 - 1960 ' ' remains at the museum of the city of new york , 1220 fifth avenue , at 103rd street , ( 212 ) 534 - 1672 , through april 25 .
in 1959 the company built a tower , at the time new york ' s tallest glass - clad building , just across the street from its glass - block building , at the southeast corner of fifth avenue and 56th street . the new building was enhanced by an outside crystal wall , designed by george thompson , made of nearly 300 glass flowers with metal stamens that were reflected in a pool of water . ( that building was sold in 2000 ; steuben is now represented by a shop on madison avenue between 60th and 61st streets . )
steuben blue aurene bowl art glass new york , 1900 - 25 inverted rim on bulbous blue iridescent body , polished pontil , marked stueben aurene 2687 , ht . 4 , dia . 7 1 / 2 in . estate of claire stern more . . .
following a reintroduction of the brand under the stewardship of the corning museum of glass , select steuben classics are being reintroduced and new products are being developed — some with contemporary designers , among the first of which is new york - based designer harry allen .
products of cut , engraved , and free - blown designs made almost exclusively of that type of crystal glass . in 2008 schottenstein stores corp . bought the company and sought to increase waning sales . however , steuben continued to struggle financially , and in september 2011 schottenstein announced that it was closing the glassworks . steuben’s only factory shut down in november of that year .
the masterworks series , one - of - a - kind objects in the tradition of fabergé , is begun . the series encompasses nine major works between 1966 and 1980 including the myth of adonis by donald pollard and jerry pfohl ; four seasons , chinese pavilion , and sphere of the zodiac by donald pollard and alexander seidel , andinnerland by eric hilton .
allen will return to corning from friday through sunday to reimagine the steuben piggy bank and to work with cmog’s hot glass demo team to create a large - scale version during a public design session . the demonstration will take place in the museum’s new 500 - seat amphitheater hot shop , which sits in the footprint of the former steuben factory . to celebrate the collaboration , another piece allen designed for steuben in 2011 — a penny saved coin jar — will be made available for purchase for the first time .
steuben creates 20 individually autographed crystal bottles for the launch of mary j . blige ' s perfume , my life .
arthur a . houghton , jr . ( picture houghton , gates and waugh ) is brought in to run steuben . enlisting the support of architect john m . gates and sculptor sidney waugh , houghton phases out the colored glass that had been the mainstay of frederick carder ' s era and pours his energies into creating
the finest glass the world has ever seen .
the new shapes brought forward under the design influence of gates and waugh take on a different character , reflecting not only the characteristics of the new glass , but the sculptural and architectural backgrounds of the two men .
gazelle bowl by sidney waugh , steuben ' s first major engraved design , is introduced . it reflects the influences of swedish simplicity and the massive geometry of art deco , and is the first steuben piece that utilizes all of steuben ' s renowned glassmaking techniques : blowing , cutting , polishing , and copper - wheel engraving . for years to come , the hallmark of steuben pieces would be weighty objects , volumetric in character , with elements added to embellish or decorate the basic form .
the steuben glass company of corning was known for fancy glasses designed by frederick carder , until in 1933 the company was given a change of direction by arthur amory houghton , jr . , who , with the help of john monteith gates and the sculptor and designer sidney waugh , …
steuben began and discontinued lines frequently to satisfy the whims of consumers , so some were in production for a very short time . some of the many documented colors , styles and decorating techniques employed by steuben include beautifully iridescent aurene glass which was made in gold , blue , brown , red and green ; bubbly , which is actually filled with tiny bubbles ; threading and reeding ; and verre de soie .
aurene pieces are also engraved with either
aurene
or
steuben aurene
with a rather amateurish look to it .
steuben ' s the performing arts is given to john d . rockefeller as part of the opening ceremonies of lincoln center .
steuben creates a masterwork bowl in gold and crystal for the merchant ivory film the golden bowlstarring uma thurman and angelica huston .
major league baseball commissions steuben to design the ted william award given to the most valuable player of the all star game .
under carder , the company originated a multitude of hand - blown glass forms , colors and decorations , often focusing on special adaptations of classical and venetian forms . carder’s immense knowledge of glassmaking and chemical composition led to myriad decorative pieces and gave steuben a reputation for variety and technical achievement .
as steuben looks back , it also looks forward , bringing new designers to freshen the line , much as houghton jr . did in 1933 . this year , it brought out stemware lines by dante marioni and gerald gulotta . next year , ted muehling will join steuben ' s roster . steuben may once again make function synonymous with glamour in the buyer ' s mind .
one museum way - corning , ny 14830 | 800 - 723 - 9156 or 607 - 937 - 5371 © 2018 corning museum of glass . all rights reserved .
published in the glass of frederick carder by paul v . gardner : 67595 , p . [ 27 ] , fig . 49 nk5198 . c3 . g22 2000 .
the most common mark is a matte acid fleur - de - lis with
steuben
written in block letters . this type of mark was used from 1903 to 1932 . other pieces have an etched fleur - de - lis with either
calcite
or
steuben
along with it . around 1929 , a matte acid mark of the word
steuben
in block letters or in script was used . after 1932 , diamond - point etching is used to form the letter “s” or “steuben . ”
steuben is shown at the world of tomorrow exhibition at the new york city world ' s . the modernist pieces steuben displays , including the olive dish , become icons of mid - century modern design and remain perennial best sellers more than seventy years later .
steuben ' s mobius prism is presented by president clinton as a royal wedding gift to crown prince and princess hirohito of japan .
abc news commissions steuben to create an iconic piece as the symbol for its groundbreaking series
the century
with peter jennings .
in addition to introducing handmade , novel , art nouveau pieces , carder also invented a new type of iridescent glass which , combining the latin word for gold and part of a middle english word for sheen , he named aurene . aurene , by a much - abbreviated process , imitates the luminous patina that frequently gilds roman glass vessels exposed to centuries of contact with humidity or mineral matter . carder reproduced this iridescence by spraying clear , malleable glass with a metallic chloride , then heating it in a special manner .
to benefit the noguchi museum and sculpture garden in long island city , new york , steuben reintroduces the cat , a copper - wheel engraved plate originally created by sculptor and designer isamu noguchi in 1940 for steuben ' s landmark 27 contemporary artists in crystal exhibition .
it & apos ; s clear that carder was the mastermind behind the production of steuben & apos ; s more revered work . his background included studying with french glass master emile gallé and designing for the english firm of stevens and williams prior to migrating to the united states . he served as steuben’s art director through 1933 when he retired . during his tenure , he contributed to the development of some of the firm’s most adored colors and surface décor techniques . steuben clearly would not have thrived as it did without carder & apos ; s hand in the business .
moby dick , steuben crystal sculpture designed by donald pollard and sidney waugh , first piece made in 1959 . length 28 . 6 cm .
the citizens of atlanta present martin luther king , jr . with an engraved steuben bowl in honor of his winning the nobel peace prize .
its high lead content qualified it as crystal , and houghton eventually decided that the steuben line was to be made exclusively of this material .
not all carder’s pieces were ethereal , however . his stylized single and multi - branched thorny stump vases , for example , rise from rustic glass tree stumps . his fanciful “grotesques , ” handmade , freeform confections in opaque , iridescent , translucent , or transparent glass , blossom improbably into rippling , ruffled rims , often tipped in startling color . initially , sales boomed .
those who seek vintage , pre - 1933 carder era glass need not despair either . many of his candlesticks , vases , tableware , and perfume bottles , safe in private hands , survived “the smashing . ” most are identifiable by the word ‘steuben’ either engraved or acid - etched alongside a signature fleur - de - lis on their bases . naturally , carder designs with limited runs like blue aurenes , or especially desirable gold aurenes , verre - de - soies , rosaline glass , and grotesques are highly collectible .
renowned venetian glassmaker lino tagliapietra spends two weeks on the steuben factory floor in a landmark
artist - in - residence
program , producing his designs in steuben crystal . more than 60 one - of - a - kind pieces are produced . the lino tagliapietra exhibition in the new york city store entitled clearly lino tagliapietra : masterworks in steuben crystal is hailed by the press both in the u . s . and abroad .
many other examples of glass engraved with artists ' designs appear in the show , among them a set of 12 simple plates , each with a different sign of the zodiac , by don wier and - - inspired by the simplicity of orrefors - - waugh ' s deep hemispheric glass bowl balanced on an angular art deco base and engraved with a design of gracefully leaping gazelles .
the archaic vessel collection by famed architect michael graves is introduced to great critical acclaim , resurrecting the concept of having renowned architects design for steuben .
the santa ornament is introduced . hand - blown in corning , ny , this is the first new steuben item to be introduced since 2011 .
after world war ii , steuben focused on design and technical innovation , while still utilizing colorless glass . one of the first improvements was the switch from pot furnaces to tank melting . the company continued to veer away from utilitarian objects , since the demands of a new affluent society created a market for collecting . new decorative objects of a sculptural nature became the norm . james houston and other designers created highly unique , and sometimes whimsical , sculptures that once again held steuben to high artistic standards .
in addition to its showy conversation pieces and sweet little crystal bunnies , steuben was known for three decades as a producer of sleekly beautiful yet functional objects - - vases , bowls and stemware , for instance - - that defined modern style . an exhibition , ' ' glass and glamour : steuben ' s modern moment , 1930 - 1960 , ' ' which opens on nov . 7 at the museum of the city of new york , will commemorate the company ' s 100th anniversary ( its parent , corning inc . , is sponsoring the show ) , and will make abundantly clear that steuben was once a serious player in american industrial design .
group of fifteen crystal paperweights , 20th c . , consisting of a baccarat razorback hog and a squirrel ; together with a steuben large . . .
steuben opens its first store in new york city . reviews of the store in the new york times describe its sense of
serene excellence .
president dwight d . eisenhower presents steuben ' s genesis to his excellency , juscelino kubitschek , president of brazil , as part of his state visit .
when it came right down to it , the process of making the two was different , so the suit never made it to court . historians haven & apos ; t really determined which of these companies inspired whom , according to art glass expert arlie sulka in an antiques roadshow online feature , but there’s no doubt they were all competing for the pool of art glass customers back in their day .
the group threw out the fussy , frosted , iridescent and colored glassware produced by the factory since its inception in 1903 . and the division began to make objects , using the new formula , to appeal to a public willing to believe that glass was the material of tomorrow . under the direction of waugh , steuben ' s wares emulated the simplicity of orrefors and took on new principles of balance , proportion and truth to materials . the final forms of many of the objects were dictated by the naturally curvaceous shapes they assumed at the molten - glass stage .
with soft , overlapping colour inlays . in the 1930s the firm began making glassware from a new colourless lead crystal developed by corning . steuben later manufactured fine
steuben : seventy years of american glassmaking , a major exhibition organized by the toledo museum of art opens at the museum . the exhibit tours eight american museums over a two - year period , including the smithsonian institution . the exhibition reaffirms steuben ' s place as the foremost american crystal of the 20th century .
frederic carder patented a design that competed with tiffany , aurene , which was a translucent glass with an iridescent finish made by spraying heated glass with a solution of tin crystals dissolved in distilled water . aur comes from the latin word for gold , aurum , while ene derives from the middle english form of the word sheen . gold and blue aurene were the earliest and most common colors and were found on symmetrical forms .
steuben sold to the schottenstein stores corp . of columbus , ohio , as part of the newly formed schottenstein luxury group . corning incorporated retains 19 % ownership .
colorless lead glass , sterling silver ( ? ) ; cast , polished , sand - blasted . solid tetrahedron with a design of cut and polished concave circles on each facet ; corners bevelled and sandblasted ; mounted with one corner on a circular silver disc with protective black felt under base . stamped under metal base
steuben
( ? ) . design no . 8428 .
all color is gradually phased out , paving the way for exclusive use of the brilliant new clear crystal . although new styles are introduced , some forms from carder ' s designs are carried over in the new clear glass formula . in the first years after 1933 , almost all of the objects produced by steuben are stemware , bowls , drinking glasses , candlesticks , and urns .
but the best in the show are the unfussy , classically elegant steuben pieces that make their point as vessels and containers without unnecessary embellishment , asserting the crystalline transparency of glass with mass and fragility in the right places to give full expression to their design . alas , today the company produces only a very limited number of these classic pieces , so this retrospective view is welcome .
lot of four ( 4 ) crystal animal figurines . includes baccarat pelican , 6 - 1 / 2 inches ; daum france sailboat ; daum dolphin ; steuben bunny .
although at the time louis comfort tiffany was also producing a similar iridescent glass called favrile , many consider carder’s to be more lustrous . aurene was so distinctive , in fact , that in 1904 its technology earned a patent .
steuben opens a new store on 56th street and 5th avenue in new york city , done in a striking modernist international style . it is hailed as an architectural revelation .
an engraved steuben bowl , the crusades , is chosen as the gift of state from president and mrs . ronald reagan for the wedding of prince charles and princess diana .
one of the show ' s signature pieces , well suited to new york , is the famous glass apple , a perfect pomme just the right size and topped by a bit of stem , an item so popular that it is still being produced by steuben ( and knocked off by others ) . another is the massive ashtray , designed by george thompson , a gorgeous low bowl mounted with two curving handles that presumably served as butt - stubbers . and then there is the suave ship ' s decanter , a flask flared toward the bottom , with a narrow neck adorned by four glass rings and topped by a pierced round stopper .
since the 1930s , celebrated artists and designers from georgia o’keefe and salvador dali to kiki smith and michele oka doner have collaborated on new steuben designs . allen — whose work is represented in the permanent collections of the museum of modern art ; the brooklyn , denver and philadelphia museums of art ; and cmog — designed his first steuben piece in 2011 .
after the introduction of the new formula , the company became a leader in american luxury glass . they began producing functional wares , such as drinking glasses , candlesticks , bowls and urns , and later refined diplomatic gifts and special exhibition pieces became common . steuben assembled a team of designers , including sidney waugh , to develop contemporary designs to highlight the new colorless crystal and production . a retail building on fifth avenue was designed to serve as the company’s new “first - class outlet in new york” that resembled a fine art gallery . to own steuben crystal meant that one had taste and means .


level 3 communications is an american multinational telecommunications and internet service provider company headquartered in broomfield , colorado .

it operates a tier 1 network .

the company provides core transport , ip , voice , video , and content delivery for medium-to-large internet carriers in north america , latin america , europe , and selected cities in asia .

level 3 is also the largest competitive local exchange carrier ( clec ) and the 3rd largest provider of fiber-optic internet access ( based on coverage ) in the united states .

on october 31 , 2016 , centurylink announced an agreement to acquire level 3 communications in a cash and stock transaction .

level 3 communications

totelcom communications , llc et al v . level 3 communications , llc et al
glassdoor has 22 level 3 communications reviews submitted anonymously by level 3 communications employees . read employee reviews and ratings on glassdoor to decide if level 3 communications is right for you .
glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at level 3 communications , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the level 3 communications company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at level 3 communications .
ask a question about working or interviewing at level 3 communications . our community is ready to answer .
the management at level 3 communications gave unrealistic demands from their employees . guidance is often time unclear . i would not recommending working at level 3 .
level 3 communications was founded by kevin j . o ' hara in 1985 and is headquartered in broomfield , co .
compare internet solutions vs . level 3 communications ( part of centurylink ) in network services , global | gartner peer insights
level 3 communications is now part of centurylink . for up to date information and jobs , please see the centurylink profile .
level 3 communications , now centurylink , is a premier global communications provider , that provides communications services to enterprise , government and carrier customers . many companies say they have the ability to change the world . at centurylink , we mean it . connectivity is . . .
i applied through an employee referral . the process took 1 day . i interviewed at level 3 communications ( chandler , az ) in january 2016 .
working for level 3 : if you ' re looking for a company where you can build career success , look at level 3 .
level 3 communications was a good place to learn and grow into a telecommunications environment from an infrastructure and project management perceptive . the were recently acquired by centurylink .
in early 1998 , kdg announced it was changing its name to level 3 communications , inc . , after substantially increasing the emphasis it placed on and the resources devoted to its communications and information services business . on april 1 , 1998 , level 3 common stock started trading on the nasdaq stock market under the symbol lvlt .
level 3 communications provides local , national and global communications services to enterprise , government and carrier customers . level 3’s comprehensive portfolio of secure , managed solutions includes fiber and infrastructure solutions ; ip - based voice and data communications ; wide - area ethernet services ; video and content distribution ; data center and cloud - based solutions . level 3 serves customers in more than 500 markets in over 60 countries across a global services platform anchored by owned fiber networks on three continents and connected by extensive undersea facilities .
existing level 3 customers please call 1 . 877 . 4level3 . new and / or future level 3 customers can contact our security sales teams at
level 3 communications , inc . ( nyse : lvlt ) is a fortune 500 company that provides local , national and global communications services to enterprise , government and carrier customers . level 3’s comprehensive portfolio of secure , managed solutions includes fiber and infrastructure solutions ; ip - based voice and data communications ; wide - area ethernet services ; video and content distribution ; data center and cloud - based solutions . level 3 serves customers in more than 500 markets in over 60 countries across a global services platform anchored by owned fiber networks on three continents and connected by extensive undersea facilities . level 3 services are provided by subsidiaries of level 3 communications , inc . for more information , please visit urltoken or get to know us on twitter , facebook and linkedin .
network operations specialist salaries at level 3 communications can range from $ 42 , 847 - $ 85 , 764 . this estimate is based upon 2 level 3 communications network operations specialist salary report ( s ) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods . see all network operations specialist salaries to learn how this stacks up in the market .
q13 : comcast says this is all about level 3 ' s contract with netflix . comcast says that level 3 bid too low expecting to get free interconnection , and now that comcast has refused level 3 is trying to salvage the deal . is this only about money level 3 might lose ?
q8 : comcast says that level 3 sends it 5 times the traffic that comcast sends level 3 . is that true ? if it is true , why shouldn ' t level 3 pay for the traffic it sends to comcast ?
it doesn’t wait for business requirements at level 3 communications — it co - creates them , says cio atilla tinic . learn how he is changing the culture in his it organization .
the way we communicate and collaborate is changing . simplicity starts with level 3 .
but today , level 3 decided to voice its displeasure in a blog post by general counsel for regulatory policy michael mooney . additionally , level 3 recently asked the federal communications commission to regulate the network interconnections known as peering in a possible revision of network neutrality rules .
level 3 communications ( nyse : lvlt ) and comcast ( nasdaq : cmcsa ) have come to terms over their much publicized interconnection dispute , but did not reveal the terms of their agreement .
level 3 ' s position is simply duplicitous . when another network provider tried to pass traffic onto level 3 this way , level 3 said this is not the way settlement - free peering works in the internet world . when traffic is way out of balance , level 3 said , it will insist on a commercially negotiated solution .
level 3 has inaccurately portrayed the commercial negotiations between it and comcast . these discussions have nothing to do with level 3 ' s desire to distribute different types of network traffic .
, calling on the federal communications commission to intervene and adopt
strong
net neutrality regulations to include such arrangements .
level 3 peering dispute : ports to 5 u . s . internet providers are permanently congested
for more : - see the statement related articles : level 3 protests fees to deliver netflix movies to comcast customers level 3 adds 1 . 65 tbps capacity to its content delivery network
recent public battles over how network interconnections affect the quality of streaming video have almost all involved one company : cogent communications .
november 1 , 2017 marks a significant milestone in the history of both centurylink and level 3 communications as we become one company — a new centurylink , purpose - built to serve the connection needs of the networked world .
level 3 communications , inc . provides integrated communications services , non - switched and local - access telecommunications services . it provides ip - based communications services to enterprise , content , government and wholesale customers . the company products include content distribution & performance , data networks , managed & professional services , security , voice uc & c and cloud security . it operates through four reportable segments : north america , europe , the middle east and africa , latin america and tw telecom .
level 3 continued investments in infrastructure to become a world - class communications provider , and won the trust of the world’s most sophisticated communications companies . in addition to ongoing construction , the company expanded its assets with the february 2003 acquisition of genuity . over the next few years , and through a major industry downturn , level 3 pursued a strategy that focused on both the balance sheet and investing for the inevitable industry rebound . level 3 won the confidence of investors , as the company raised more money than all other nexgen carriers combined ; and also of customers , who made level 3 one of the world’s top three internet traffic carriers .
there ' s no better public example of that ambiguity than the level 3 / comcast mudfight .
level 3 ' s
answer
is just bizarre . this dispute is not about what our end user customers pay for . this is about what level 3 won ' t pay for . and the key question is whether level 3 should force comcast ' s customers to subsidize level 3 ' s costs as level 3 goes into a new business as a cdn - - or , put another way , whether level 3 should have to shoulder its own costs when it offers to haul netflix ' s content around the internet , just like every one of its competitors does .
comcast and level 3 fought as early as 2010 over the amount of netflix traffic that level 3 was sending into comcast ' s network . level 3 agreed to pay comcast for network interconnection at the time
under protest .
level 3 and comcast announced another agreement in 2013 in a brief press release containing no details , but there was apparently still some tension between the companies .
from its beginning , level 3 communications was founded on the principles of the silicon economics sm cycle : create a global telecommunications network with the scale to reduce unit costs , stimulate demand with these lower costs , support that demand by scaling even more . level 3 created a network that serves as a foundation for the communications services of the 21st century by providing , among other things , information transmission over a fiber optic network and media delivery over a content delivery network . and we’ve grown to support the end - to - end communications services that businesses and carriers rely on .
telecommunications company centurylink said it would buy level 3 communications in a cash - and - stock deal with an equity value of about $ 24 billion to expand its fiber optic network and high - speed data services for business clients .
to quantify this , what level 3 wants is to pressure comcast into accepting more than a twofold increase in the amount of traffic level 3 delivers onto comcast ' s network - - for free . in other words , level 3 wants to compete with other cdns , but pass all the costs of that business onto comcast and comcast ' s customers , instead of level 3 and its customers .
now , level 3 proposes to send traffic to comcast at a 5 : 1 ratio over what comcast sends to level 3 , so comcast is proposing the same type of commercial solution endorsed by level 3 . comcast is meeting with level 3 later this week for that purpose . we are happy to maintain a balanced , no - cost traffic exchange with level 3 . however , when one provider exploits this type of relationship by pushing the burden of massive traffic growth onto the other provider and its customers , we believe this is not fair . to use level 3 ' s own words :
citigroup acted as level 3 ' s financial adviser and willkie farr & gallagher as its legal adviser .
q2 : explain more about the role level 3 and comcast play in connecting consumers to the internet .
according to windstream , after requesting a new review of a billing dispute , level 3 won’t provide additional supporting documentation to back up its claims . additionally , windstream said that level 3 will repeatedly ask the same clarifying questions in similar disputes , and that level 3 continues to withhold payment on resolved disputes .
people knowledgeable about google and yahoo’s infrastructure say they believe that government spies bypassed the big internet companies and hit them at a weak spot — the fiber - optic cables that connect data centers around the world and are owned by companies like verizon communications , the bt group , the vodafone group and level 3 communications . in particular , fingers have been pointed at level 3 , the world’s largest so - called internet backbone provider , whose cables are used by google and yahoo .
while level 3 paints an ugly picture of a handful of broadband providers in the us , there may be another side to this story , which might explain the congestion that level 3 sees on its network .
absolutely so . level 3 ' s competitors in the cdn business send traffic to comcast and other network providers through paid peering ( or paid transit ) relationships . level 3 wants to compete with those companies ,
in particular , windstream said it has found that level 3 disputes bills more frequently , and that when level 3 evaluates and rejects what it says is a “meritless” billing , the transport provider will delay payment .
yes , peering is a form of interconnection . but let ' s be clear : comcast has never suggested it will not interconnect with level 3 . in fact , leaving this dispute aside , we have an ongoing interconnection agreement with level 3 that is still in place - - where comcast pays level 3 for some services , like transit to other networks . and as part of that agreement , comcast and level 3 already exchange roughly balanced traffic on a settlement - free peering basis . in fact , to accommodate level 3 ' s new request and carry some of level 3 ' s new traffic , comcast gave level 3 six brand new ports - - for free . the only question now is what terms should apply to the tremendous number of additional ports level 3 needs to more than double the traffic it sends onto our network .
level 3 internet services . access the speed , global reach and security needed to deliver internet applications reliably .
take a virtual tour of the level 3 premier elite herndon data center , located in herndon , va .
comcast and level 3 communications announced they have reached a new multi - year , bilateral interconnection agreement as part of a multifaceted arrangement that will help both companies meet their customers’ needs into the next decade and beyond . the new arrangement builds on the strong working relationship between comcast and level 3 , and expands on the agreements already in place between the two companies .
level 3 communications , inc . is a fortune 500 company that provides local , national and global communications services to enterprise , government and carrier customers . the company’s comprehensive portfolio of secure , managed solutions includes fiber and infrastructure solutions ; ip - based voice and data communications ; wide - area ethernet services ; video and content distribution ; data center and cloud - based solutions . they serve customers in more than 500 markets in over 60 countries over a global services platform anchored by owned fiber networks on three continents and connected by extensive undersea facilities .
in this picture , level 3 shows the main connections of its backbone network . the orange lines are cable systems that level 3 built and fully owns . and the yellow lines are owned by multiple carriers or leased .
q10 : comcast says that it is charging other companies that deliver video content to it for its subscribers . comcast says that it is just treating level 3 the same . why should level 3 get a special deal ?
see our previous answer . the bottom line is that level 3 should not get a special deal : the type of favoritism level 3 is seeking is precisely the type of discriminatory conduct that it is pretending to criticize .
this afternoon , comcast filed the following letter with the federal communications commission ( fcc ) . yesterday , level 3 filed documents that requested the peering dispute between comcast and level 3 become part of the fcc ' s consideration of the comcast - nbc universal transaction . our letter describes in detail proposals we made to level 3 to trial and test the new internet architecture they are demanding and why this dispute and the broader questions it raises have nothing do to with the transaction .
comcast has long established and mutually acceptable commercial arrangements with level 3 ' s content delivery network ( cdn ) competitors in delivering the same types of traffic to our customers . comcast offered level 3 the same terms it offers to level 3 ' s cdn competitors for the same traffic . but level 3 is trying to gain an unfair business advantage over its cdn competitors by claiming it ' s entitled to be treated differently and trying to force comcast to give level 3 unlimited and highly imbalanced traffic and shift all the cost onto comcast and its customers .
the company continued investments in infrastructure to become a world - class communications provider , and won the trust of the world’s most sophisticated communications companies . in addition to ongoing construction , they expanded their assets with the february 2003 acquisition of genuity . over the next few years , and through a major industry downturn , level 3 pursued a strategy that focused on both the balance sheet and investing for the inevitable industry rebound . level 3 won the confidence of investors , as the company raised more money than all other nexgen carriers combined ; and also of customers , who made level 3 one of the world’s top three internet traffic carriers .
level 3 has also settled disputes with at & t and verizon , while cogent struck a deal with verizon .
echoing a similar concern made by fellow telco frontier communications , windstream said in an fcc filing ( pdf ) that has found level 3 has either been refusing to pay or delaying payment for what it says is millions of dollars in wholesale services . windstream added that it has received a large number of “rate increase notices from level 3 that are inconsistent with the company’s past practices . ”
frost & sullivan recognized level 3 with the 2016 lat . am . enterprise services provider company of the year award 2016
level 3’s cdn can help handle your content needs . leverage our network scalability , global footprint and proven customer service .
jeff storey , the current ceo of level 3 , is slated to become the ceo of centurylink in january 2019 .
in a blog post monday , level 3 accused five us internet service providers and one european isp , which it declined to name , of using their market power to attempt to extract service delivery fees from companies such as level 3 .
level 3 ' s answer : no . when comcast first made its demand for payment of a toll , level 3 clearly communicated its objections . level 3 also made it clear , in written communication to comcast executives , that if comcast persisted in its position , comcast was leaving level 3 no choice but to take steps to assure that the public and policymakers were fully aware of the issue . at the same time , level 3 advised comcast that level 3 was willing to negotiate fair and equitable economic and technical terms to achieve a balanced interconnection arrangement , including offering to use the level 3 fiber optic network to alleviate any potential congestion on comcast ' s network . when comcast said that it had limited amounts of equipment needed to provide the requested capacity , level 3 offered to provide comcast with this equipment . rather than engage in an open dialogue , comcast demanded that level 3 execute its service order on a
take it or leave it
basis and said that if the contract was not signed within two days , the capacity would no longer be available .
centurylink , which provides telephone services mainly in rural areas , is offering $ 26 . 50 in cash and 1 . 4286 of its shares for each level 3 share . level 3 operates mainly in cities on the east and west coasts .
until level 3 fomented this dispute , comcast and level 3 exchanged internet traffic as part of a commercial interconnection agreement , under which comcast paid level 3 for interconnection facilities . although the parties exchanged traffic at a ratio of about 2 : 1 , with comcast terminating more of level 3 ' s traffic , this was well within the industry ' s established bounds for
roughly balanced
traffic , and they exchanged their on - net traffic on a settlement - free basis .
centurylink and level 3 communications are now a combined company . with an innovative product portfolio , an intense focus on customer experience and a passionate , talented workforce , we offer our employees the opportunity to work on technology , projects and services found only at a leading network solutions provider .
shares in centurylink ( nyse : ctl ) fell more than 4 percent in friday trading and shares in broomfield - based level 3 ( nyse : lvlt ) fell about 3 percent .
level 3 cloud connect solutions offer network services , interconnects and operating procedures that make migrating to the cloud efficient and secure .
vodafone carrier services manages the commercial relationships with over 1 , 000 communications service providers globally and offers a broad portfolio of voice , network connectivity , and messaging services .
we believe the agreement will benefit level 3’s and comcast’s customers for years to come ,
said jack waters , chief technology officer for level 3 .
our companies share the goal of enabling a growing , secure and resilient interconnection environment .
wherever you are connecting employees , partners or customers across the globe , the level 3 network provides a scalable , flexible network platform for continued growth . discover why enterprise , wholesale , financial , media and gaming companies around the world trust level 3 .
level 3 ' s answer : level 3 has its roots in providing connections to content and applications providers and in internet backbone services . level 3 also offers high - speed access to larger enterprises . these services are generally provided over fiber optic networks level 3 owns . for a number of years , industry analysts have ranked level 3 as one of the top two global internet backbones in the world . comcast started as a residential cable tv provider and also uses its network to offer local broadband internet access to consumers . more recently , comcast has begun offering local broadband internet access to smaller businesses as well as internet backbone services .
who paid for the delivery of all this on - net traffic , then ? the customers . in level 3 ' s case , this means that cdn customers like netflix would pay level 3 , while comcast ' s cable modem subscribers would pay comcast . very simple , very clean , and according to level 3 now , this is the way the internet should be connected .
comcast says that it didn ' t have the necessary 10 gige ports available to meet ' s level 3 ' s demand , though it managed to dig up
customer
ports it could charge level 3 to use . but level 3 had never been a
customer
of comcast before ; the relationship had always been the other way round . now , comcast claimed that , due the traffic imbalance between the two , level 3 had to become both a transit vendor and a paid peering customer .
level 3 cloud security solutions are supported by our extensive visibility into threat data – obtained via our comprehensive network – and experts .
while we are not discussing specifics of the agreement , the deal announced today includes a number of related agreements that deal with both internet interconnection and network infrastructure ,
level 3 told ars .
this new agreement is mutually beneficial and will benefit both level 3 and comcast customers by ensuring there will be ample capacity to exchange traffic between the comcast and level 3 networks .
since level 3 announced its merger with centurylink , windstream has seen level 3 improve some of its billing practices , but it is concerned that the service provider’s adherence to fair and best practices will not continue voluntarily if the fcc approves the deal without conditions .
amidst all the talk of foul play with level 3 , little attention has surrounded comcast’s relationship with tata communications , which i consider to be a far more egregious violation of their stated principles on net neutrality . as was the case with level 3 , comcast purchases commodity ip transit service from tata , as a means of reaching networks it doesn’t maintain direct peering relationships with . unlike level 3 though , comcast runs its ports to tata at capacity , deliberately , as a means of degrading connectivity to networks which won’t peer with them or pay them money .
seven plaintiffs , including totelcom communications , colorado valley telephone cooperative and santa rosa telephone cooperative , argue that the legality of fees they impose on level 3 — for calls from cellphones to landlines that transmit over long - distance lines , even when they begin and end in the same region — . . .
the dispute level 3 has with these six broadband providers is part of an ongoing debate over so - called network peering arrangements . companies like level 3 , cogent communications , and netflix , which have brought the issue out in public , argue that more government oversight is needed to ensure big broadband companies are not abusing their power . meanwhile , broadband providers say these disputes are part of an established way of doing business on the internet .
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level 3 is in the midst of a proposed acquisition by centurylink —a $ 25 billion cash deal still awaiting approval from the fcc .
but as we and countless industry observers and experts have said since level 3 initiated this dispute last week - - level 3 ' s bad planning and rash business ventures are no reason to blow up ten years of well - settled traffic exchange practices on the internet .
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the outage had no major impact on major streaming services that use level 3 , including netflix and the hbo go mobile application . but it did affect some customers’ voice and internet services . level 3 suffered another brief outage a month ago , caused by a human error .
level 3 reserves the right to alter format and / or content of the portal at any time for any reason , without prior notification .
in the context of the parties ' discussions , comcast engineers made an initial assessment of level 3 ' s request , outlined some of the required engineering steps , began to think through alternative architectures that might better serve both parties , and did an initial estimate of costs as best they can be understood at this stage . on december 16 , after two days of in - person discussions with level 3 , comcast presented level 3 with a highly responsive , good faith offer to run a trial that would ( 1 ) provide a real world assessment of level 3 ' s proposal ; ( 2 ) be fair to both parties and respect level 3 ' s immediate business concerns ; and ( 3 ) ensure that network performance and services were not degraded or artificially manipulated .
law360 , new york ( april 29 , 2016 , 5 : 04 pm edt ) - - local telephone providers are suing telecommunications company level 3 communications in texas federal court for withholding fees for some long - distance wireless calls , arguing that a judge ' s previous decision in related multidistrict litigation requires those fees to be paid .
atilla tinic is cio for level 3 communications , responsible for the global it organization . tinic joined level 3 in 2014 as part of the tw telecom acquisition and had been with the company since 2004 , where he served as senior vice president of it . he has more than 20 years of experience in it architecture , system engineering and data management . previously , tinic held leadership positions with bell canada , bell sygma , saville systems and american management systems ( ams ) .
level 3’s content delivery network supports some of the world’s largest video , software and web properties with direct connections to major isps and telecommunications companies . deliver large - scale , high - quality content all over the world . think of level 3 as your gateway to the visual internet sm .
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in fact , even though level 3 is now trying to spin its position differently in the press , the company told us numerous times that what it wants to talk about with comcast ( and others in the industry ) is something level 3 has dubbed
next generation peering
( which it seems to define as free peering for level 3 , regardless of traffic imbalance ) . level 3 ' s terminology just confirms that this is a good old - fashioned internet peering dispute , just like the peering disputes level 3 has had in the past , and it can and should be resolved on a commercial basis , just like every other internet peering dispute ( of which there have been very few ) in the past .
we have a shared vision : to better serve customers and improve lives by connecting people to the power of the digital world . what one company can do well on its own , two can do great together ! this combination of centurylink and level 3 communications is a win for our customers , present and future employees , and shareholders alike .
level 3 ' s answer : no other broadband access provider in the u . s . is now charging level 3 the type of fees that comcast is charging . it is comcast that seeks to change the common approach , changing the rules of the game in an unreasonable and discriminatory manner .
the new arrangement builds on the strong working relationship between comcast and level 3 , and expands on the agreements already in place between the two companies .
you need to get the maximum return on your network investments . level 3 works one - on - one with you to make that a reality .
q7 : comcast contends that the fees it charges are commonplace and standard and it was surprised by level 3 ' s resistance . is this correct ?
level 3 ' s answer is wrong . comcast ' s backbone sends as much traffic out as it receives with our peer backbone networks . see urltoken
in a statement sent to the media , nikki wheeler , level 3’s senior director of communications , wrote ,
our technical team is looking into this issue to determine the cause . our priority is to ensure the reliability of our network and services . we will provide updates as more information becomes available . ” a level 3 spokesperson confirmed that the company’s networks had been restored to normal function by 1600 greenwich mean time ( noon us eastern time ) but said that no other information was available yet .
in the fall of 2011 , level 3 and global crossing joined forces . the new integrated network united level 3’s broad , deep u . s . and european footprint with global crossing’s extensive international , intercity network . continuing to operate under the name of level 3 , this new kind of company featured more than 500 global markets in north america , emea , latin america and asia , as well as a total of ~ 100 , 000 route miles .
what ' s ironic given level 3 ' s accusation against comcast and the current argument it is using against the six unnamed broadband providers it calls out in its blog post is that the company took the opposite stance in a stand - off with cogent in a peering dispute several years ago . in 2005 , level 3 threatened to terminate its peering relationship with cogent because cogent was sending too much traffic to level 3 and refused to pay for it .
over the last six months , our operating subsidiary has assessed all of our relationships to determine whether or not settlement - free peering is still appropriate ,
level 3 said in a press release .
we determined that the agreement that we had with cogent was not equitable to level 3 .
in the fall of 2011 , level 3 and global crossing joined forces . the new integrated network united level 3’s broad , deep u . s . and european footprint with global crossing’s extensive international , intercity network . continuing to operate under the name of level 3 , this new kind of company featured more than 500 global markets in north america , emea , latin america and asia , as well as a total of ~ 100 , 000 route miles . ”
shares in level 3 communication inc . fell friday and continued to dip early monday after news that its merger partner is accused of engaging in fraudulent billing .
actually , it ' s level 3 that says this dispute is about netflix . they want to make it appear that we are objecting to the type or source of content they carry . we ' re telling it like it is : this is about level 3 entering into bad business arrangements , and as a result demanding that we accept huge amounts of traffic from level 3 , for free . our position , and our peering standards , are content - agnostic . and the peering standards we ' re asking level 3 to live by are the ones that have governed the free and open internet for over a decade .
level 3 ' s answer : level 3 is not asking the government to regulate the internet . we are simply asking appropriate government bodies to require comcast , in its capacity as a residential broadband internet access provider , to comply with the nondiscriminatory procedures that comcast has historically complied with and is required to follow .
q18 : comcast says level 3 surprised it by going public in a last - minute effort solely to obtain commercial leverage over comcast . is that accurate ?
another issue is the rate windstream pays level 3 for backbone transmission and long - haul transport to serve its business customers outside of its traditional wireline footprint .
in long - awaited comments , netflix ( nasdaq : nflx ) has issued a statement implying that comcast ( nasdaq : cmcsa ) is trying to squash it by making it difficult - - or more expensive - - for level 3 communications ( nasdaq : lvlt ) to offload traffic onto comcast networks . the two carriers have been in a vicious peering / traffic management ( depending on which side is talking ) dispute over what most concede is comcast ' s unwillingness to accept heavier loads of netflix traffic flowing over level 3 networks .
post , who has worked at centurylink since 1976 , will lead the combined company , while level 3 chief financial officer sunit patel will be chief financial officer .
up to friday ' s close , centurylink ' s shares had fallen nearly 21 percent this year while level 3 ' s had slipped 0 . 6 percent .
this was a great place to work - lots of benefits and good possibilities for promotion . good leadership and volunteer events . level 3 loved to give back .
in its blog post monday , level 3 said that six broadband providers are deliberately degrading network traffic in an effort to force the company to pay for interconnection .
the debate between the two service providers dates back to november 2010 when level 3 challenged comcast ' s request that it had to pay the cable mso a fee to deliver netflix ( nasdaq : nflx ) movies to its residential customers . netflix is one of level 3 ' s content delivery network ( cdn ) customers .
comcast said in its letter that it tried to work out a solution with level 3 , which required the company to pay a fee for the necessary network upgrade to handle the additional traffic . but initially level 3 refused , arguing as it does in the current blog post , that its established network peering arrangements should suffice .
san francisco — the recent revelation that the national security agency was able to eavesdrop on the communications of google and yahoo users without breaking into either company’s data centers sounded like something pulled from a robert ludlum spy thriller .
the combination will put centurylink in a better position to compete bigger rivals such as at & t and verizon communications by increasing its fiber network in the united states to 450 , 000 miles from about 250 , 000 .
cogent communications ( nasdaq : ccoi ) , which also provides internet access services to netflix , has also weathered a number of peering disputes , including two this year with verizon ( nyse : vz ) and france telecom .
another pair of former opponents has inked an internet interconnection deal . according to a comcast press release , comcast and level 3 communications have reached a “multi - year bilateral interconnection agreement” that is part of a “multifaceted arrangement that will help both companies meet their customers’ needs into the next decade and beyond . ” the companies aren’t saying whether the agreement calls for any money to change hands .
– on this page you will find positions listed from centurylink and level 3 . you will be redirected to a new landing page based on which position you click .
meet your new level 3 team . available 24 hours a day , 365 days a year . we support expansion to new sites , bandwidth upgrades and equipment management .
people watching this dispute should be asking the questions level 3 posed , but getting clear and truthful answers . in that spirit , we offer the following responses , which have the benefit of sticking to the facts . and to give credit where it ' s due , where level 3 has gotten it right , we say so :
disputes between wholesale providers such as level 3 and incumbent telcos and cable operators have become a common occurrence in recent years with growth of over the top video services .
comcast and level 3 communications announced they have reached a new multi - year , bilateral interconnection agreement as part of a multifaceted arrangement that will help both companies meet their customers’ needs into the next decade and beyond . the new arrangement builds on the strong working relationship between comcast and level 3 , and expands on the agreements already in place between the two companies ,
the announcement said .
under the terms of the agreement , comcast and level 3 will enhance their existing network capacity while extending their mutual interconnection agreements , ensuring that both maintain ample capacity to exchange internet traffic between their networks . the agreement covers both companies’ existing networks as well as any expansion that may occur during the term of the agreement .
netflix traffic isn ' t a problem for level 3 and comcast anymore since netflix last year began paying comcast for a direct network connection to improve video quality . but network operators like level 3 and cogent have threatened to complain to the fcc about internet service providers demanding money for upgrades needed to ensure good quality for other internet services .
fn4 . to the extent that petitioner argues that it was improper for supreme court to rely on the voluntary payment doctrine inasmuch as it was not cited by the tax levying bodies as a basis for denying the refund applications , we have previously reviewed and rejected this claim ( see matter of level 3 communications , llc v essex county , 129 ad3d 1255 , 1257 [ 2015 ] ) . . fn4 . to the extent that petitioner argues that it was improper for supreme court to rely on the voluntary payment doctrine inasmuch as it was not cited by the tax levying bodies as a basis for denying the refund applications , we have previously reviewed and rejected this claim ( see matter of level 3 communications , llc v essex county , 129 ad3d 1255 , 1257 [ 2015 ] ) .
level 3 was originally founded in 1985 as kiewit diversified group inc . ( kdg ) , a wholly - owned subsidiary of peter kiewit sons’ , inc . ( pks ) . peter kiewit sons’ , inc . is a 114 - year - old construction , mining , information services and communications company headquartered in omaha , neb . kdg was originally created to hold pks’ non - construction business assets .
level 3 ' s answer : level 3 can ' t confirm what arrangements comcast has with other companies . but , as we all learned long ago , two wrongs don ' t make a right . level 3 does not seek a special deal , but as in any interconnection between large networks , the terms and conditions of the interconnection must be tailored to the size and scale of the networks exchanging traffic . for example , it would be unfair to comcast for level 3 to interconnect with comcast in only one location , forcing comcast to carry large volumes of traffic around the u . s . for termination to its customers . but it is equally unfair , and far more disconcerting given comcast ' s market power over its subscribers , for comcast to demand that level 3 buy service from comcast on terms and at prices dictated solely by comcast .
the service provider said that the fcc should impose a requirement that level 3 , and the new company created out of the acquisition , will follow a fair billing process .
prior to this dispute , comcast and level 3 had a longstanding , two - part relationship : they exchanged both free and paid traffic . because level 3 operates an internet backbone , comcast paid the company for true internet
transit
—getting access to all the other networks with which comcast had no direct interconnection . if a comcast customer entered urltoken into her browser , for instance , that request could pass over level 3 ' s network and would be routed to the bbc ' s computers ; traffic from the bbc could return on the same path . to make this work , level 3 and comcast had direct port - to - port network connections at various locations in the us .
a network of networks , today , the internet serves as a global data communications system that links millions of private , public , academic and business networks via an international telecommunications backbone that consists of various electronic and optical networking technologies .
senior director , global impact santa clara , ca this position reports to : chief communications officer servicenow is changing the way people work . with a service - orientation toward the activities , tasks and processes that make up . . .
level 3 isn ' t quite on the level with this answer . level 3 desperately wants to define comcast as mainly an
access
network , but that ' s like saying a baseball team is mainly the catcher . comcast operates a nationwide multi - service high speed network with residential , business , and wholesale customers , and its operations include a very robust backbone network . neither level 3 nor comcast serve only end - user
eyeballs .
we have a range of commercial customers who use comcast ' s network for transit across the internet , including video content providers , content delivery networks , software companies , web hosters , universities , town offices , local schools , smaller msos , and others . indeed , comcast and level 3 are comparable networks with comparable costs .
beginning with the late - 2005 acquisition of wiltel , level 3 has established itself as a natural industry consolidator . during 2006 , the company went on to acquire progress telecom , icg , telcove and looking glass networks . in 2007 , level 3 acquired broadwing , the content delivery network ( cdn ) services business of savvis , inc . and servecast .
level 3 says the providers are slowing down internet traffic to extract payment from it . but a deeper dive into the specifics reveals there may be another side to the story .
broadband providers , which have been in disputes with level 3 , cogent , and netflix in the past , say that these conflicts are nothing more than business spats . in a
q9 : comcast says that level 3 wants to gain
an unfair advantage over its competitors by gaining enormous additional capacity at no expense to itself .
are they right ?
at that time , level 3 ' s chief legal officer thomas stortz said that comcast ' s requirement to pay a toll every time a subscriber seeks non - comcast content
violates the spirit of the open internet .
comcast ' s senior vp - external affairs and public policy counsel joe waz countered in a statement that the cable operator it would have been happy to come to terms with level 3 , adding that level 3 is sending five times more traffic over comcast ' s network than comcast sends over its network .
windstream is worried that when centurylink completes its acquisition of level 3 later this year , the new company ' s billing practices could inhibit windstream ' s rural broadband expansion efforts .
these two kinds of traffic (
on - net
and
off - net
) were treated differently , even though they passed over the same interconnection points . comcast paid level 3 for off - net transit traffic , but level 3 and comcast exchanged on - net traffic without charging one another ( called
settlement - free peering
) .
peering dispute resolutions broadband providers seem to be taking the threat of possible fcc intervention seriously . since the latest net neutrality order was adopted , various companies that previously were at odds with one another have signed interconnection deals . for example , broadband provider verizon recently reached interconnection agreements with two of its opponents – cogent communications and level 3 – and a cogent executive reportedly said the cogent deal did not involve a monetary exchange .
but broadband providers say this is not a fair arrangement . in its letter to the fcc in november 2010 , comcast described the situation it faced with level 3 at the time :
we confess , we find this one hard to follow . level 3 is asking
government bodies
to require comcast to provide level 3 with the right to deliver any traffic it wants , and as much traffic as it wants , to comcast ' s network , for free , over the internet ( which they defined at the top of their document ) . . . and with a straight face , level 3 says it ' s not asking the government to
regulate the internet .
level 3 finds itself coming and going because its arguments make no sense . in contrast , our argument is simple : this is a business dispute between two companies , and comcast , at least , is committed to resolve it .
however , windstream added that it “is concerned that the combined company , which will have greater scale and increased market power , will assume the more problematic practices of level 3 . ”
“windstream agrees with frontier that the commission should adopt conditions to ensure that ensure that level 3 and the combined entity cannot engage in unreasonable bill payment practices , ” windstream said . “in addition , the commission should adopt conditions to prevent level 3 and the combined entity from using their market power in the business data services market to engage in extortionate price increases . ”
level 3 ' s answer : no . it is comcast that wants to change the rules of the game . comcast wants to use its local access network dominance as leverage to force level 3 to pay for traffic requested by comcast customers that already pay comcast for access to that same content . having sold broadband access services to its customers , comcast wants to sell the same service again to level 3 and other networks connected to comcast . if the dispute were simply
commercial ,
the dispute would have already been settled or would never have arisen in the first place . comcast ' s status as the nation ' s largest provider of consumer broadband service enables comcast to force level 3 to pay the
toll
comcast has demanded .