agriculture in myanmar ( also known as burma ) is the main industry in the country , accounting for 60 percent of the gdp and employing some 65 percent of the labour force .

burma was once asia 's largest exporter of rice , and rice remains the country 's most crucial agricultural commodity .

other main crops include pulses , beans , sesame , groundnuts , sugarcane , lumber , and fish .

moreover , livestock are raised as both a source of food and labour .

agriculture in myanmar

social impacts of myanmar agriculture development . how does agriculture development affect the society / community ?
which are the agriculture crops grown and exported from myanmar ? please give names of the exporters of agriculture crops .
i want to know myanmar agriculture product ' s export and input data from 2006 to 2013 . and then want to know myanmar agriculture method .
yezin agricultural university ( yau ) is the only institution of higher learning in agriculture in myanmar .
core doc _ strategic directions for myanmar agriculture sector 2018 - 2023 _ moali . pdf
• care myanmar has a rural livelihoods coordinator and is involved in agriculture , but not yet in fisheries or aquaculture .
enforcement of fishing activities involves the myanmar navy ; myanmar coast guard ; dof ; myanmar customs department ; and myanmar police force . overall , the myanmar navy coordinates surveillance efforts .
i want to know myanmar agriculture method and want to know crop yield and production yearly data .
the largest contributor to myanmar’s economy . about half of all agricultural land in myanmar is devoted to
agriculture is the largest and most diverse industry on the planet . the demand for qualified employees in the agriculture and food production industry is quite high . agriculture is the scientific study of the interaction between humans , natural resources , and livestock . there are several concentrations for agriculture including agricultural economics and commercial agriculture . the agriculture major may be designed for students who desire a career in management positions in farm - related industries such as livestock and food products .
the department of agriculture has plans to open a call centre aimed at quickly answering agricultural questions from farmers throughout myanmar .
myanmar recently becomes a booming market which considers creating a lot of opportunities for forcing business and investing market . especially in agriculture section to serving a rapid growth consumption demand of 60 million people , myanmar has also the largest land in southest asia promising a development of agriculture sector .
a survey conducted by the united nations’ food and agriculture organization in 2006 found that fish accounts for about 22 percent of protein intake of myanmar households .
the development of agriculture is a main pillar of myanmar’s growth strategies . it is natural for the myanmar government to prioritize agriculture as a source of economic growth , since it accounted for 36 % of gdp , employs a majority of labor force , and generates nearly 30 % of exports as of 2010 . although the agricultural share in gdp and employment usually declines as an economy grows , it is not a sunset industry in myanmar . methods exist for increasing agriculture’s value added other than the growth of labor and land inputs . the key is to enhance three productivity measures : labor , land , and total productivity . we call this strategy “agriculture plus plus . ” keywords : myanmar ( burma ) , agriculture , agriculture plus plus , senary sector of agriculture , growth strategy jel classification : o13 , o53 , q10
to encourage local and international investment in agriculture sector for the development of advanced agricultural technology and commercial agricultural production .
higher levels of investment and access to credit are essential for the development of myanmar’s agriculture sector to reach its full potential , according to experts .
guidelines _ gender based violence ( food security - agriculture ) _ iasc _ 2015 . pdf
the rise in temperature in myanmar is expected to have negative impacts on agricultural production and food security .
myanmar is an agricultural country , and the agriculture sector is the backbone of its economy . the agriculture sector contributes to 37 . 8 percent of gross domestic product ( gdp ) , accounts for 25 to 30 percent of total export earnings and employs 70 percent of the labour force . myanmar has established 12 political , economic and social objectives in its efforts to establish a peaceful , modern and developed country . one major economic objective is “development of agriculture as a base and all - round development of other sectors of the economy as well . ” myanmar agriculture policies
myanmar has historically been an agrarian society , meaning that agriculture the agriculture sector accounts for the majority of the country’s economic output . the 2003 myanmar agricultural census showed that there were about 3 . 46 million farm families , cultivating about 8 . 7 million hectares of land . 1 the estimated annual income per agricultural worker in myanmar was us $ 194 in 2012 compared to us $ 6 , 680 in malaysia and us $ 706 in thailand . 2
“about 70 percent of the population is engaged in agriculture and livestock . no improvement has been made to these sectors despite greater market opportunities , ” u win kyaing , general secretary of myanmar fisheries association , told the myanmar times .
fishing experts from the afd visited myanmar in 2015 and conducted a feasibility study .
watch new video documentary : warmer days . myanmar in the age of climate change
the vessel monitoring system ( vms ) is to be fitted on all offshore fishing vessels operating in myanmar territorial waters , said deputy agriculture , livestock and irrigation minister u hla kyaw .
in june 2001 , a severe flash flood occurred in the wundwin township in central myanmar , which swept away a number of villages .
simplification of government structure would help , he said . fisheries and livestock come under the ministry of livestock , fisheries and rural development , and agriculture is handled by the ministry of agriculture and irrigation .
nay pyi taw , myanmar – the former ministry of agriculture and irrigation ( moai ) has been re - organized under the new myanmar democratic government into the ministry of agriculture , livestock and irrigation ( moali ) . moali is an integration of the moai , ministry of livestock , fisheries and rural development , and ministry of cooperatives .
agricultural activities have attracted some investment from foreign entities , however . in recent years , china , thailand , south korea and japan have invested in agriculture in myanmar . china has invested in the plantations of sugarcane and fruit , while thailand has invested in vegetable and fruit plantations throughout the country . 14
delighted to see that myanmar’s farming systems are well diversified but very sorry to learn that farm profits in myanmar are among the lowest in asia . there is no doubt that myanmar needs effective seed systems and national fertiliser policy strategies to meet the improving agricultural public programs , and to increase the future agricultural productivity and sustainably in myanmar .
agriculture is the mainstay of the myanmar’s economy , contributing 37 . 8 percent of gross domestic product ( gdp ) in 2010 , down from 47 percent in 2005 / 2006 . agriculture , which includes crops , livestock , fisheries and forestry , accounts for just over 52 percent of the working population aged 15 years and over . 1
3wmap _ countrywide vt _ agriculture , iwr and cb _ mimu1588v01 _ 18apr2018 _ a3 . vm18 . pdf
rice is the most important agricultural commodity of myanmar and produced over 27 million tons in 2013 . 1 monsoon paddy is the main crop for both small and large farms in myanmar . 4
china is the biggest buyer of myanmar fish in terms of export value . myanmar’s export volume to china increased by 48 percent between the period 2009 and 2013 .
) , both giving researchers in low - income countries free or low cost access to a wealth of scientific research and information on agriculture .
the review , undertaken in the last three years by the oecd development centre ( an international organization helping governments tackle the economic , social and governance challenges of a globalized economy ) and multiple stakeholders in myanmar found that transforming to a modern economy would require “upgrades” in agriculture , manufacturing and services , with agriculture a particular sweet - spot for future investment . however , succeeding means switching from an agrarian base reliant on small - scale agriculture at present towards a broad range of modern activities .
oo , tin htut ; shwe , tin maung . 2014 . role of seed in transforming of agriculture in myanmar . resakss policy note 2 . washington , d . c . : international food policy research institute ( ifpri ) . urltoken
to encourage transformation from conventional to mechanized agriculture , production of crops appropriate with climate and extension of irrigated area .
multi - dimensional review of myanmar - volume 2 . in - depth analysis and recommendations - en
about 32 million people in myanmar rely on the rice farming business , u tin htwe said .
myanmar’s unusually fertile soils and abundant water source are legendary in southeast asia . it is even said that myanmar has the most favorable agricultural conditions in all of asia . almost anything can be grown in the country , from fruits to vegetables , from rice to pulses . the agriculture sector dominates the economy , contributing 38 % of gdp , and employing more than 60 % of the workforce . the importance of agriculture in the economy and as an employer will diminish in coming years as a result of structural transformation . however , the sector will continue to play a remarkable role in reducing poverty in myanmar for many years to come .
this report was prepared by the world bank in partnership with the livelihoods and food security multi - donor trust fund ( lift ) . both the world bank and the lift are actively involved in supporting myanmar’s agriculture sector given its significance in . . . see more +
according to a multi dimensional review of the country agri - food and agriculture are key areas of investment for myanmar’s government , but unlocking their potential requires legal reform , better financing and training in modern farming methods .
myanmar was the tenth highest producer of marine capture fisheries in 2012 . between 2003 and 2012 , marine catch in myanmar increased by 121 percent which was the highest among the 18 major producing countries .
it is estimated that the annual income per agricultural worker in myanmar was us $ 194 in 2012 compared to us $ 6 , 680 in malaysia and us $ 706 in thailand . 3
there is a small but increasing involvement of international ngos in rural development in myanmar , and some are showing an interest in fisheries and aquaculture for poverty alleviation . the myanmar fisheries federation ( mff ) , part of the asean fisheries federation , is also supporting aquaculture development in myanmar , although efforts are focused more on inland areas .
gdp composition by sector : agriculture : 50 % industry : 15 % services : 35 % ( 2006 est . )
highly successful in the us , precision agriculture enables farmers to get the most out of their crops without exhausting precious resources such as water , fertiliser or seeds . this form of agriculture involves monitoring fields and installing sensors in the soil in order to understand crops at a micro level and receive accurate data to better manage harvests .
• myanmar agricultural development expert and visionary to receive 2015 dioscoro l . umali achievement award in agricultural development
in june 2010 , intense rains resulted in excessive sedimentation of paddy fields in rakhine state .
the vms project is joint effort between the ministry agriculture , livestock and irrigation cooperated and the french development agency ( afd ) which began in 2014 .
the progressive melting of glaciers may have an impact on the himalayan region of myanmar which provides large quantities of water to many parts of myanmar .
agriculture is the most important part of the myanmar economy . myanmar has a long history of agricultural production and currently 70 % of the workforce are engaged in agricultural employment . 50 % of the gross domestic product can be attributed to agriculture . myanmar’s agricultural products include rice , pulses , beans , sesame , groundnuts , sugarcane , hardwood , fish and fish products . much of myanmar’s export industry is focused mostly on raw products and include gas , wood products , pulses , beans , fish , rice , clothing , jade and gems . myanmar is also the world’s second largest producer of opium . the sheer scale of agricultural impact cannot be overlooked in the country .
this major can combine elements of business , agriculture , and agricultural economics . with appropriate choices of elective courses , students can also prepare themselves for positions with financial institutions involved with agriculture industry . students who major in agriculture have an interest in preserving , studying , and managing many forms of natural resources , particularly those related to farming and animal husbandry . these students may enjoy learning about business strategies , supervising others , and may seek to become managers . these students do not shy away from learning scientific theories or conducting research . agriculture majors should be strong in the sciences , especially in biology and chemistry .
there are several ministries involved in agriculture , natural resources and rural development . the ministry of national planning and economic development was tasked with the overall planning and development of all national economic sectors , including the agriculture sector with its crop , livestock , fishery and forestry sub - sectors . the ministry of agriculture and irrigation ( moai ) is responsible for overall development of the crop sub - sector .
myanmar needs to develop its farming sector because it is an agriculture - based country , he said , adding that the sector could earn increased foreign income by exporting more rice , beans and pulses .
myanmar embassy singapore posted on : october 19 , 2013 | shwe myanmar address : n0 : 15 , st martin’s drive , singapore 257996 . . .
i want to know about history of rice . how much rice is produced in burma ( myanmar ) ?
the yezin agricultural university ( yau ) is the only university level of higher education in agriculture in the republic of the union of myanmar . primary function of yau are teaching and training , conducting research and providing extension service to public . specific objectives of the university are to produce highly qualified professionals needed for the development of the agriculture sector of the country who are well equipped in leadership , management , planning and analysis and interpretation skills and to provide adequate technical training on modern methods of agriculture for the farming communities including non - degree training programs .
much of the logging in myanmar is illegal , with much of the illegally - harvest wood ending up in china or thailand . after logging was banned by china , some chinese logging companies moved their workers to myanmar .
july and august 2015 flooding and landslides displaced 1 . 6 million people caused almost 120 deaths , and damaged agriculture and infrastructure .
china is the largest importer of myanmar’s fisheries products , particularly marine fisheries , based on chinese consumers’ preference for saltwater fish species and shrimp , rather than the freshwater fish species traditionally farmed and caught in myanmar . myanmar exported between 5 and 10 percent of its production to the eu in 2010 . 12
agriculture continues to be the mainstay of myanmar’s economy , despite the increase in industrial and mining activity over recent years . it is estimated that the sector accounts for around 45 % of gdp , while providing employment for 70 % of the workforce .
human resource development program for myanmar’s rice sector development strategy : 2016 - 2030 .
solutions are also coming from the private sector . in february , an indian - based agri logistics company sohan lal commodity management ( slcm ) announced a deal with local lender yoma bank which will enable it to extend financial solutions support to farmers , processors and agriculture exchanges in myanmar .
design and innovation company ideo have recently sent research teams to kenya , tanzania and myanmar to begin groundwork on one of their non - profit projects – introducing precision agriculture techniques used in the us to farmers in developing countries . in myanmar , the researchers have been working with local social enterprise , proximity designs to develop a prototype product that farmers can use for the micro - management of their crops .
opening up virgin land could help raise agriculture incomes , but agriculture also has to compete with the spread of industry , mining and urban sprawl for land . myanmar’s extensive programme of dam construction , which will help to provide water security and increase access to electricity , has inundated up to 400 , 000 hectares of forest and arable land , according to estimates .
call centre employees have already undergone an intensive training by the directors of sub - departments within the ministry of agriculture , livestock and irrigation .
based on department of fisheries ( dof ) statistics , fishery production in myanmar increased from 4 , 478 . 21 thousand mt in 2012 to 5 , 047 . 53 thousand mt in 2014 .
myanmar’s economy and society is still largely dependent on agriculture , which is mostly rain - fed . the changes in climate , therefore , have a heavy impact on this important sector . this may include the following : ( multiple sources , including napa 2012 ) .
in 2009 , the european union banned all myanmar seafood imports . imports of seafood were re - approved in 2010 , while farmed products remain prohibited . myanmar exports to the eu increased in 2013 amounting to €223 million , with fisheries products accounting for 8 percent of this total .
low agricultural productivity is the result of multiple factors , many of which are associated with the undersupply of quality agricultural public goods . a decrease in labor availability can be driven by rising wages in economic sectors outside of agriculture . changes in the cost of working capital ( interest rate ) largely reflect macroeconomic developments rather than agriculture sector performance . land prices fluctuate , responding to the changes in demand from industry or urban development . 12
the 2nd myanmar international exhibition & conference on cosmetics , beauty , hair & spa .
this chapter is from the myanmar 2017 report . explore other chapters from this report .
this chapter is from the myanmar 2015 report . explore other chapters from this report .
myanmar is one of the few developing nations that is a net exporter of food , which accounted for 20 % of its foreign exchange earnings in 2001 . about 15 % of the land is under cultivation . agriculture generated roughly two - thirds of employment and 42 % of the recorded gdp in 2000 .
“in most countries , cultivating and livestock breeding come under the same department . in myanmar , there is a division of responsibilities . it would make sense to merge them in a single unit . ”
myanmar also has an extensive informal economy . considerable quantities of consumer goods are smuggled into the country , and teak and gems are exported both legally and illegally . in addition , northern myanmar is one of the largest producers of opium in the world .
after years of international isolation , myanmar is liberalizing its economy and seeking to attract foreign investment . but while foreign investment can play an important role in developing the country’s agriculture sector , in the current environment of limited transparency and accountability , an increase in agribusiness investments poses serious risks to the livelihoods of small - scale farmers and others dependent on land .
lastly , ramping up agricultural productivity in the long term will depend largely on equipping myanmar’s farmers with the right information and training .
every fishing activity in myanmar ' s fishery industry is controlled by the licensing and registration system to control both the fishing vessels and their gear , under the current fisheries law and union of myanmar foreign investment law 1995 .
• 5th dl umali award conferment ceremony and lecture honors mr . tin htut oo of myanmar
in recognition of the economic importance of the myanmar forestry sector and the need for environmental sustainability , the myanmar forestry policy is consistent with the forestry principles adopted at the united nations conference on environment development in 1992 . the policy has identified the following six priorities :
. according to the ministry of commerce , approximately 80 percent of myanmar’s total bean and pulse exports in 2015 were shipped to india .
the un’s food and agriculture organisation ( fao ) estimates that only 18 % of the country’s total area is being farmed , with at least another 5 . 7m hectares available for primary production but not in use . almost half of myanmar’s land mass is heavily forested and unsuitable for cultivation , according to a report by the asia development bank ( abd ) , while more of the country’s land is either too rugged or otherwise not compatible with agriculture .
a cash program in tanzania boosted villagers ' confidence in local leaders and institutions .
this chapter contains an interview with sunil seth , president , overseas agro traders association of myanmar .
since 1988 , total foreign investment has amounted to $ 58 billion , of which the agriculture and livestock sector has received just $ 242 million , says dica .
myanmar’s economy , based on the kyat ( the national currency ) , is one of the least developed of the region and is basically agricultural . much of the population is engaged directly in agricultural pursuits . of those who are employed in other sectors of the economy , many are indirectly involved in agriculture through such activities as transporting , processing , marketing , and exporting agricultural goods .
currently , there are neither individual transferable quotas ( iqts ) nor total allowable catch ( tac ) regulations in myanmar ' s fisheries industry .
foreign vessels with official licenses and on joint ventures have been allowed to operate in myanmar waters only they have had the vms installed aboard .
the observed past , on - going and future changes have many consequences for all economic , productive , social and environmental sectors in myanmar .
…case in sri lanka and myanmar , where buddhism is the dominant religion among the sinhalese and burman majorities , and in thailand , where more than 90 percent of the population is counted as buddhist . although in the majority , buddhists face unique challenges in these areas . in sri lanka , buddhists were divided…
yangon , myanmar - access to lumber from teak , acacia , bamboo , ironwood and michelia champaca could improve as myanmar rejoins the world community . the wood species are growing in the dense burmese tropical forests that cover almost half the country .
fish is an essential part of the myanmar diet , second only to rice . fishing occurs in both salt and freshwater , and an estimated 300 species live in myanmar’s freshwater ecosystem . fisheries may be classified into various categories : marine , coastal , river , inland and aquaculture . 9
ideally , the call centre employees operating the hotline and staff in the field will work together to answer farmers’ questions and concerns , said u ye tint tun , the director general of the department of agriculture .
of the us $ 38 . 18 billion received in foreign investment over the past five years , a bare $ 208 million has been ploughed into agriculture , according to the directorate of investment and company administration .
a second area of buddhist expansion in southeast asia extends from myanmar in the north and west to the mekong delta in the south and east . according to the local mon and burman traditions , this is suvarnabhumi , the area visited…
myanmar is one of the poorest countries in south - east asia . it is rich in natural resources like oil , gas , hydropower , precious stones , fresh water and fertile land and
myanmar has beens famed for its teak wood for centuries . the british established shipyard there in the 18th century after depleting their own oak forests .
crops and agricultural products produced in myanmar : wet rice , dry rice , peanuts , onions , pulses , beans , sesame , sugarcane ; hardwood ; fish and fish products . in 2008 the myanmar junta had granted private companies licenses to export excess rice to myanmar ' s neighbors . that year it hoped to export about 600 , 000 tons to sri lanka , bangladesh or other countries .
this section includes reports specific to myanmar as well as international reports with relevant information / best practice .
do you have questions on the content published by open development myanmar ? we will gladly help you .
agriculture composed 37 . 8 percent of myanmar’s gdp in 2011 , down from 47 percent in 2005 / 2006 . it also declined from 57 percent in 2001 to 36 percent in 2010 . 8 in contrast , the share of gdp accounted for by the industrial sector more than doubled , to 26 percent in the same period , reflecting natural gas , oil , mineral , and gemstone exploitation . liberalization of the economy and opening up to foreign direct investment ( fdi ) has contributed to the rapid growth of the industrial sector . 9
farmers who go into debt after facing crop losses often go abroad and leave their farmland behind , u tin htwe said . they cannot spend loans from myanmar agriculture development bank on a new farming business because they need the money to repay their old debts , he said .
low agricultural productivity is the result of multiple factors , many of which are associated with the under supply of quality agricultural public goods . a decrease in labor availability can be driven by rising wages outside of agriculture .
from 1989 - 1998 , the annual deforestation rate in myanmar is estimated at 466 , 420 hectares per year . over the past two decades , myanmar has lost more than three per cent of its forest ecosystems ( forest resource assessment , 2015 ) .
myanmar’s agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon rains . while some areas suffer from too much rain , other regions receive too little . floods occur regularly during the mid - monsoon season ( june to august ) in areas traversed by rivers and large streams . climate change phenomena have been cited as the reason for late and lower rainfall , longer dry spells and increased temperatures . myanmar was affected by the indian ocean tsunami in 2004 , cyclone nargis in 2008 and cyclone giri in 2010 , events which all had a major impact on national agricultural output . 8
it is forbidden anywhere in myanmar waters to catch , harass , kill , possess , sell , buy , export or transport whale shark ( rhincodon typus ) , which is in cites list .
a major in agricultural education provides the communication skills , leadership training , and knowledge of technical and agriculture necessary to be certified as a teacher of agricultural education , particularly in high schools and community colleges . you can also find employment in agricultural development , personnel training , and sales positions in various agricultural - related industries . agricultural teachers need a broad background in agriculture . as such , expect to take courses in agricultural economics , animal science , entomology , veterinary science , and crop and weed sciences . you can frequently choose among several certification areas including horticulture , agribusiness , natural resource management , and agricultural production .
in myanmar , the observed evidence of change over the last 60 years includes a nationwide increase in temperature of on average around 0 . 08°c per decade and an increase in total rainfall ( 29 - 215 millimetres per decade ) . importantly , changes in the duration of the monsoon season have been observed as well as the recurrence and severity of extreme weather events ( napa 2012 ) . examples of observed changes in climate related hazards in myanmar include , and their consequences include :
i want to know about the rice plantation in myanmar country , as shown by the map and how many acre for the rice plantation each region .
exporting paddy , as opposed to processed rice , would require a change in myanmar regulation , as the government has typically restricted exports to rice . 6
agriculture and fisheries generated 45 percent of myanmar gdp in 2007 . gdp - composition by sector : agriculture : 38 . 8 percent ; industry : 19 . 3 percent ; services : 41 . 8 percent ( 2012 est . ) ; gdp - composition by sector ( percent ) in 2005 : agriculture : 54 . 6 percent , industry : 13 percent , services : 32 . 4 percent ( 2005 est . ) . labor force - by occupation : agriculture : 70 percent ; industry : 7 percent services : 23 percent ( 2001 ) . land use : arable land : 15 . 94 percent permanent crops : 2 . 16 percent other : 81 . 89 percent ( 2011 ) . irrigated land : 21 , 100 sq kilometers ( 2004 ) . harvested gross area is 14 , 772 , 803 hectares ; sown gross area is 15 , 449 , 850 hectares [ source : cia world factbook ]
in his speech during the oecd seminar on building comprehensive policy framework for sustainable agriculture development and food security in myanmar on 13 june 2016 at hotel amara , the union minister for moali h . e . dr . aung thu stressed the importance of “developing liberal , more flexible and more outward - looking policies for short - term and long - term development of the country’s agriculture sector . ” in relation to this , h . e . aung thu cited the example of the myanmar rice sector development strategy 2016 to 2030 ( mrsds ) , which was developed through the cooperation of the ministry with the international rice research institute ( irri ) . on this note , searca and irri will jointly provide technical assistance to moali in the formulation of a human resource development program in support of mrsds .
the fisheries law
1905 was the only legislation regulating fishery management and the fishing industry of myanmar until amended in 1954 , and was finally repealed by
law relating to the fishing rights of foreign fishing vessels
in 1989 . after that , the government promulgated three other fisheries laws , namely
aquaculture fisheries law
in 1989 ,
myanmar marine fisheries law
in 1990 , and
freshwater fisheries law
in 1991 .
the myanmar monitoring control and surveys department ( mmcs ) will be the first agency to implement the syatem .
a farmer in myanmar waters his crop with the help of a solar - powered irrigation pump . meanwhile , a large dairy in costa rica uses solar energy to power its milking shed water heaters .
agricultural productivity is low . the study confirmed that land and labor productivity in myanmar are much lower than in other asia’s rice bowls . for example , during monsoon season , one day of work generates only 23 kg of paddy in myanmar , compared to 62 kg in cambodia , 429 kg in vietnam , and 547 kg in thailand . low labor productivity is the main reason why agricultural wages are some of the lowest in asia . an agricultural worker in myanmar earns only $ 1 . 8 - $ 2 . 5 per day during monsoon season , and $ 3 . 0 - $ 3 . 5 during dry season . in comparison , a farm laborer in thailand earns $ 8 . 5 per day , and a philippine farmer earns on average $ 7 per day .
in september 2013 , a crew of 14 thai fisherman leapt into the andaman sea after myanmar naval forces allegedly attacked their boat in myanmar territorial waters . after the incident , the captain of the thai vessel , the tor taweesin 3 , was missing . myanmar authorities seized the boat two nautical miles from an island near ranong chang . the area is disputed between the two countries . in an incident years before three burmese fisherman were killed in dispute with thai authorities over illegal fishing in the andaman sea . the burmese government responded by closing its border with thailand and demanded million of dollars in compensation .
a farmer in myanmar waters his crop with the help of a solar - powered irrigation pump . credit : ashden a farmer in myanmar with the solar - powered lotus pump . credit : ashden sunset in costa rica over a large dairy with two solar water heaters on the roofs of its milking sheds . credit : ashden afternoon milking at the colle blanco dairy farm in costa rica . credit : ashden
despite good economic relations with its neighbours , better investment and an improved political situation are needed to promote serious foreign investment , exports and tourism in myanmar .
rice is the most important agricultural commodity of myanmar as a staple food , and production has increased from 18 million tons in 1995 to over 22 million tons in 2010 . myanmar was once asia’s largest exporter of rice and other main crops include beans , sesame , groundnuts , pulses , sugarcane and lumber . 6
dr . bessie burgos of searca and dr . romy labios of irri with dr . ye tint tun , director general of the department of agriculture and governing board member of searca .
the excessive sedimentation in the rakhine state in 2010 damaged rice seedlings and reduced harvests resulting in total damage of usd 1 . 64 million .
there is a lack of agricultural public programs and public goods . farmers in myanmar are less educated and less knowledgeable than their regional peers ; they also access fewer public services than farmers in neighboring countries .
in some remote regions of myanmar potatoes are grown in a novel way . a field is first dug up into little mounds . manure is then placed inside the mounds and ignited . the seed potatoes that are inserted in the mounds grow very quickly .
deforestation has been a major concern in burma . the slash - and - burn method of agriculture is destroying the forests of the country , causing soil erosion and depletion of fertility . periodic droughts , floods , landslides , and cyclones sometimes have devastating effect on agriculture . for example , flooding in pegu and irrawaddy during the 1997 - 98 growing season did considerable damage to rice production . consequently , burma exported only 28 . 4 thousand metric tons of rice in the 1997 - 98 season as opposed to 93 . 1 thousand metric tons in the previous year .
• searca recognizes dr . tin htut of myanmar’s moali during the regional forum on farms , food , and futures
myanmar is ecologically diverse : forest and ecosystem services benefit a range of socio - economic sectors and local livelihoods .
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at urltoken
, production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . retrieved from urltoken
soe , maung maung .
economic reforms and agricultural development in myanmar .
asean economic bulletin . vol . 15 , no . 1 , april 1998 .
fao has recognized myanmar for its progress in fighting hunger after the country dramatically slashed the number of hungry people by a 2015 deadline . myanmar was one of 72 countries to achieve the millennium development goal target of halving the proportion of hungry people , or bringing it below a five percent threshold . myanmar was also among 29 countries to meet the more stringent goal of halving the number of hungry people , as laid out by governments at the world food summit in rome in 1996 .
while the department of agriculture’s main task is to provide educational support to rural farmers , problems arise when sending individual staff members to conduct field inspections on land plots as large as 1000 acres .
myanmar’s fishery sector has been the fourth largest contributor to the national gross domestic product ( gdp ) , and the fourth largest source of foreign exchange earnings in the past five years . as the majority of the households in myanmar live along the four main rivers and in delta regions , the freshwater fish from the inland capture fisheries forms a mainstay of both daily diet and trade .
the vast majority of myanmar ' s people live in the lowland regions of the irrawaddy basin . this fertile expanse is one of the world ' s great rice - growing regions and provides the country ' s staple . according to official statistics , myanmar consumes the highest amount of rice per day , per capita , in asia .
during the post - independence days , most financial institutions were private . in 1964 , the military junta nationalized all of the country ' s 24 banks . in their place , the government created 4 state banks . in 1990 , the financial sector was revamped under the provisions of the central bank of myanmar law . since then the financial institutions are the central bank of myanmar , the myanmar agricultural and rural development bank , the myanma economic bank , the myanma foreign trade bank , the myanma industrial and commercial bank , the myanma small loans enterprise , and myanmar insurance . the 1990 law also allowed for both private and foreign banks . as a result , by february 1996 , 16 private banks were formed , most of them in rangoon . during the same period , more than 20 foreign banks opened branches or offices in myanmar .
during summer 2010 , 1 , 482 heat related illnesses were reported and 260 heat - related deaths occurred across myanmar .
myanmar may be divided into three agricultural regions : the delta , where cultivation of rice in flooded paddies predominates ; the largely irrigated dry zone , an area primarily of rice production but where a wide variety of other crops also are raised ; and the hill and plateau regions , where forestry and cultivation of rice and other crops through shifting agriculture are most important .
rice has traditionally been grown on about two thirds of the agricultural land . in some places irrigation is used . in the irrawaddy delta rice is raised on ridges above ditches which store abundant rain water . rice is sown and transplanted . house are built on higher land such as natural levees . slash and burn agriculture is practiced in the highlands .
edible oil , in accordance with its traditional uses , also plays an important role in myanmar . the oilseed group , includes crops such as sesame , groundnut , sunflower , mustard , niger safflower soybean and oil palm .
there are rubber plantation trees in the tenasserim area of southern myanmar . rubber is also being promoted in areas of high elevation like mong mao . ex opium - poppy farmers are being relocated to areas near rubber plantations .
teak is native to india , southeast asia and indonesia and cultivated in many countries , including those in africa and the caribbean . much of the world ' s teak is exported by indonesia and myanmar . myanmar accounts for nearly one third of the world ' s total teak production . there is also a rapidly growing plantation grown market in central america ( costa rica ) and south america .
there has also been an observable decline in agricultural output over the course of the last century . before world war ii , myanmar’s rice exports amounted to 3 . 177 million tons ( 1936 - 40 ) while in 1961 / 62 , myanmar exported 1 . 676 million tons . rice exports continued to decline from 1 . 52 million tons in 1962 / 63 to 0 . 3 million tons in 1987 / 88 , and then again to 50 , 000 tons in 1988 / 89 . 10
. burmese farmers raise a variety of animals including cattle , water buffalo , goats , sheep , chickens , and pigs . oxen and water buffalo serve as draught animals in agriculture and for rural transportation . the gdp share of the livestock has increased slightly during the past decade . most of the cattle are raised in the dry zone in the north .
paddy - fish integrated farming the ministry of agriculture and irrigation , at the same time , remains engaged in capital investment projects for the development of inundated areas in lower myanmar . and in turn , measures are being taken for reclamation of abandoned land and necessary assistance rendered for appropriate crop productions . in order to generate increased paddy production , paddy - fish farming in inundated areas form part of the changing technologies in myanmar . paddy - fish farming is being introduced in deep water areas where the cultivation of deep water paddy as a single crop even was an uncertainty . paddy - fish farming has enabled the double cropping of paddy or paddy followed by other crops , while additionally permitting fish and prawn culture in the pond and breeding of animals on the bunds . the cultivation of paddy in functional paddy - fish farming ponds is found in ayeyarwady , bago and yangon division and mon state with the total area of ( 4182 hectares ( 10333 acres ) ) .
plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are crucial in feeding the world’s population . they are the raw material that farmers and plant breeders use to improve the quality and productivity of our crops . the future of agriculture depends on international cooperation and on the open exchange of the crops and their genes that farmers all over the world have developed and exchanged over 10 , 000 years . you will study the ways in which we can manipulate the growth of plants and genetically alter them for nutritional or environmental benefits .
farm profits in myanmar are among the lowest in asia . this is a direct result of low productivity of land and labor . in 2013 - 2014 , the net profit from producing monsoon paddy averaged $ 114 / hectare . this is ten times smaller than those in china for example . a similar picture arises from producing other crops . farm profits in general are not sufficient to raise households’ per capita income above the regional rural poverty line , according to the study . this indicates that the potential of the agriculture sector has not yet been realized when it comes to poverty reduction .
amnesty international report 2000 - country reports , myanmar .
amnesty international . < urltoken > . accessed december 2000 .
forestry has been particularly important as a source of foreign exchange . myanmar is estimated to have the bulk of the world’s exploitable
during summer 2010 , 1 , 482 heat - related disorders were reported and 260 heat - related deaths occurred across myanmar .
in exports for the last 5 years ( behind jewelry , oil & gas and agricultural products ) . thus , the government of myanmar is encouraging investments into this potential industry .
myanmar’s total production of fish and shellfish in 2013 was 4 . 7 million tonnes ( mt ) , with 47 percent of that freshwater varieties and 53 percent from the sea .
there are no activities of this type in myanmar’s coastal zone . the coastal zone is still in good ecological condition , with no sign of coral depletion . there has been no need to resort to the installation of artificial reefs .
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at urltoken
, production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . , urltoken ( last visited 2004 )
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at urltoken
, production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . , urltoken ( as of 2004 )
“myanmar will need to upgrade its agricultural sector and develop a modern agri - food eco - system in order to meet the changing demand and market opportunities for high - value and quality agri - food products over the coming years , ” said the report . investments in processing would allow myanmar to gain greater returns from its agricultural production and boost export opportunities .
petroleum , complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in earth in liquid , gaseous , or solid form . the…
the irrawaddy delta—which occupies ayeyarwady division state—and the agriculture regions of yangon and bago divisions , and mon and kayin states — are considered myanmar ' s food bowl , producing much of the country ' s staple food of rice and fish , the irrawaddy delta produces 65 percent of myanmar’s country ' s rice . the region also is home to 80 percent of its aquaculture , 50 percent of its poultry and 40 percent of its pig production , according to the fao .
increased investment in import and distribution capacity should help myanmar satisfy its growing appetite for liquefied petroleum gas ( lpg ) , with the government looking to encourage usage of the . . .
do you have a new idea that could help transform the open development myanmar website ? we will be glad to hear it .
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at nationmaster . com , production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster .
2004 . < urltoken > .
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at nationmaster . com , production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . ,
urltoken ( assessed 2004 )
burma is the leading supplier of teak in the international market . in addition to hardwoods , burma also produces large quantities of bamboo in the delta regions and in the areas of heavy rainfall . elephants and water buffalo play a key role in hauling teak and other hardwoods .
nearly half of myanmar’s economic output—notably all large industrial enterprises , the banking system , insurance , foreign trade , domestic wholesale trade , and nearly all the retail trade—was nationalized in 1962–63 . agriculture and fishing were left in the private sector . in 1975–76 , however , the government reorganized nationalized corporations on a more commercial basis and instituted a bonus system for workers . the overall economic objectives of self - sufficiency and the exclusion of foreign investment also were revised . foreign investment was permitted to resume in 1973 , although only with the government . following a military coup in 1988 , both foreign and indigenous private enterprise was encouraged .
the potential for agriculture in myanmar is enormous , given the country’s favorable geographic location and resource endowments . government statistics show it is the largest economic sector and the main source of livelihood for nearly 60 percent of the population . yet agricultural productivity in myanmar is low compared with most of southeast asia . achieving productivity levels similar to those of its agro - ecologically similar neighbors could significantly raise rural incomes and reduce overall poverty and malnutrition . doing that will require large amounts of investment by government and private agro - enterprises of all sizes . government policies will likewise have an important part to play in creating an enabling environment for private sector growth .
this is the same issues what is happening in my own country nigeria , but with the new solution ; the agricultural pollcymakers in myanmar ' s can step up high quallty production of foods n make life more easy for people living their .
from 1887 to 2005 , 1 , 248 tropical storms formed in the bay of bengal . eighty of these storms ( 6 . 4 per cent of the total ) reached myanmar’s coastline .
# investment in # foodsystems can play an important role in transforming societies to be sustainable and resilient . l… urltoken
' countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at nationmaster . com , production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . ' , < urltoken > [ assessed 2004 ]
countries compared by agriculture > area > rice . international statistics at urltoken
, production estimates and crop assessment division , fas , usda . aggregates compiled by nationmaster . avaliable at : nationmaster . com . assessed 2004 .
agriculture , which includes crop production , hunting , fishing , and forestry , is the mainstay of the burma economy . this sector is responsible for much of the income and employment in the country . about 60 percent of the gdp comes from agriculture , and as much as 65 percent of the labor force is employed in this sector alone . burma produces enough food to feed its entire population . in the absence of purchasing power , however , many people go hungry . further , about a third of the rural households do not have any land or livestock . only half of the arable 45 million acres is under cultivation .
a farmer in myanmar ' s mon state poses next to his tractor . ifpri research shows that migration to nearby thailand and remittances play an important role in the mon state economy – a trend contributing to labor scarcity and other problems for smallholder farmers .
irrigated rice is grown where irrigation system exists and that are mostly in the country . but at present , the government is also engaged in constructing new dams , reservoirs and weirs in the lower parts of the country and it is evident that the irrigation networks are enhancing and gaining prominence in various places where
summer paddy
is being grown . more information on the
summer paddy production programme
is given in the later part of this chapter . rice grown in saline areas are mostly found in the lower myanmar , especially in yangon , ayeyarwady , tanintharyi divisions and also in rakhine and mon states . deep water rice is usually grown in areas of some restricted belts in the ayeyarwady division , bago division , tanintharyi division , rakhine , mon and kayin states .