sinclair radionics ltd was a company founded by sir clive sinclair in cambridge , england which developed hi-fi products , radios , calculators and scientific instruments .

sinclair radionics

in may 1973 sinclair radionics generated £1 . 8m turnover . the last sinclair radionics hi - fi product was the system 4000 , in 1974 .
25th july 1961 clive sinclair founds sinclair radionics on the 25th july 1961 , clive sinclair founded sinclair radionics . the company developed and sold hi - fi amplifiers , calculators and digital watches .
sinclair radionics ltd is founded by clive sinclair . company is based at 69 histon road , cambridge .
ablesdeal ltd incorporated . virtually all sinclair business activities , however , are conducted by sinclair radionics ltd .
the company , sinclair radionics , was responsible for many of the sinclair calculators , including the calculator in this teardown .
finding it inconvenient to share control after the neb became involved in radionics , sinclair encouraged chris curry , who had been working for radionics since 1966 , to leave and get sinclair instrument up and running .
in july 1977 the neb increased its stake in radionics to 73 % . by june 1978 sinclair radionics was working on the newbrain microcomputer project , which was later taken over by newbury laboratories .
in july 1977 , the neb increased its stake in radionics to 73 % . by june 1978 sinclair radionics was working on the newbrain microcomputer project , which was later taken over by newbury laboratories .
made in england by sinclair instruments ltd . ( a company formed by clive sinclair as sinclair radionics started to have financial difficulties , later becoming science of cambridge ltd . ) .
neb inject further £1 . 65m to take 73 per cent equity in sinclair radionics , and extend loan facility of £1m
sinclair radionics loss £1 . 98m on £6 . 39m turnover . total neb investment £4 . 45m , plus trading losses
sinclair radionics launched the system 2000 amplifer , fm tuner and loudspeaker in 1968 . followed by the system 3000 in 1972 .
sinclair radionics followed up with further very innovative amplifiers , micro radios , and hi - fi units for the hobbyist , which were sold through stores as well as by mail order . another innovation ,
sinclair news
started to be produced in 1964 , with information about sinclair radionics and its products .
jason fitzpatrick talks to chris curry about his early days at sinclair radionics , working with clive sinclair , acorn computers and the development of the bbc micro . filmed in 2015 .
clive sinclair had a deserved reputation of being a very innovative entrepreneur , but by the end of 1976 sinclair radionics was in financial difficulties . the british government ' s national enterprise board ( neb ) bought heavily into sinclair radionics , and was especially interested in the flat screen television which might rejuvenate the ailing uk television industry .
clive sinclair founded sinclair radionics ltd . on 25 july 1961 . sinclair initially worked alone in the evenings out of a room in london ( he was still a technical journalist during the day ) , selling radio kits by mail order .
sinclair calculators are known for their innovative and often elegant designs . the dates of introduction of some of the notable models are listed below . all are from sinclair radionics ltd . , except where noted :
sir clive sinclair sells some of his shares in sinclair research to raise £12 million and forms a new company : sinclair vehicles .
in 1974 , radionics launched the dm1 digital multimeter . such scientific instruments were to form a quiet backbone of radionics business for the rest of its existence . in marked contrast to the rest of the sinclair range , the instruments gained a reputation for reliable conventionality rather than often unreliable idiosyncrasy .
the sinclair name is associated with several companies . nearly all of the calculators were produced by sinclair radionics ltd . , though the wristwatch calculator was produced by sinclair instruments ltd . there is a brief history of clive sinclair , his companies , his calculators , and other products in the article clive sinclair and the pocket calculator in the collecting calculators section of this site .
the watch faced numerous returns and nearly bankrupted sinclair radionics , which had to be bailed out by the british government . sir clive sinclair is brilliant in many ways , but he probably should have left this idea on the shelf .
for further information about sinclair calculators and more photographs see the sinclair calculators section on this site .
sinclair , multimeter dm1 . tragbares digital - multimeter , sinclair dm1 , mit 3 . . .
the wrist calculator was the last of the line of calculators that were developed under clive sinclair . the dates of introduction of some of his notable calculator models are listed below . all are from sinclair radionics ltd . , except where noted
sinclair radionics had never become truly large - the company had sales of some $ 20 million in its best year - and by l976 , mr . sinclair was forced to seek outside financing in order to continue work on the pocket television .
sinclair , multimeter dm 2 . kleines tragbares digital - multimeter , sinclair dm 2 , mit . . .
planet sinclair is the best place to continue following the history . the sinclair museum concentrates on the products .
richard torrens has produced the website sinclair radionics : an inside view 1964 - 1975 with details of his time with clive sinclair from 1964 - 1975 . although mainly concerned with sinclair audio equipment this site gives an extremely interesting insight into one of the most innovative electronics companies of the time , and is thoroughly recommended .
quartz watch with led display , sinclair ' black watch , with attached control unit , step - down transformer and display stand , and watch kit by sinclair radionics limited , st ives , cambridgeshire , england , 1975 - 1976 . plastic case and batteries missing .
in late 1962 sinclair radionics advertised its micro - amplifier kit , this was followed by the sinclair slimline micro radio , the smallest radio on the market at 70 x 41 x 16 mm , they were sold by mail order to hobbyists , generally as kits .
sinclair radionics was very successful , and in 1970 , due to the needs for space , moved into part of an old flour mill in st . ives , then in huntingdonshire , alongside another electronics company .
sinclair radionics ltd . , london . gegründet von sir clive sinclair . entwicklung und produktion kleiner taschenradios ( 1964 ) und eines kleinen multinormen - fernsehers ( mtv1a , 1977 ) . entwicklung und produktion von kleincomputern und messgeräten ( ? ) . wurde von amstrad 1986 übernommen .
in 1975 sinclair radionics launched the oxford range of briefcase calculators . sinclair also attempted to capture the top - end calculator market with the sinclair sovereign , available in plated gold or silver . the calculator was critically acclaimed for its excellent engineering and design and enjoyed short success . a final attempts at the mass - market for calculators , the sinclair enterprise and the president did not sell well .
in 1975 , sinclair radionics launched the oxford range of briefcase calculators . sinclair also attempted to capture the top - end calculator market with the sinclair sovereign , available in plated gold or silver . the calculator was critically acclaimed for its excellent engineering and design and enjoyed short success . a final attempts at the mass - market for calculators , the sinclair enterprise and the president did not sell well .
in 1966 , sinclair radionics developed the world ' s first portable television , the
microvision
, but never attempted to sell it because development costs would have been too high based on the complicated design the microvision used .
last month we looked at colossus the first electronic digital computer , fast forward to july 1961 and sir clive sinclair ( born july 1940 ) launched sinclair radionics . this british company produced a number of miniature transistor radio kits , digital calculators , digital watches before venturing into the computer market .
such scientific instruments were to form a quiet backbone of radionics business for the rest of its existence . in marked contrast to the rest of the sinclair range , the instruments gained a reputation for reliable conventionality rather than often unreliable idiosyncrasy .
the black watch was launched in september 1975 by sinclair radionics , later sinclair research , the company behind the zx81 and zx spectrum . it cost £24 . 95 ready - built or £17 . 95 as a kit . it had a red led display and was marketed by the company as follows :
while all the developments with the calculators had been taking place a lot of other things had been happening at sinclair radionics . with his interest in miniaturising electronics it was natural that clive would look into developing a miniature television . this had started in the early 1960s and a
. . . introduced a 3 1 / 2 digit multimeter based on a lsi chip and continues to make audio equipment
.
sinclair radionics has only 250 employee and expects to make about $ 17 million for its fiscal year ending in march [ 1975 ]
.
searle became head of the computer division four months ago and has a long association with clive sinclair . he first joined him in the sinclair radionics company 10 years ago designing pocket calculators . he then moved to the u . s . first in california and later in new york , where he was responsible for promoting the company ' s calculators and watches .
the sinclair radionics black watch™ was launched in the summer of 1975 . it was revolutionary for its day . it had a small red led display that illuminated , showing the time and date , when a button was pressed . it was one of the first digital watches on the market .
including a five - digit led display , it suffered from technical flaws related with the design of the case , the chip , the battery and accuracy . not only was the watch unreliable , radionics was not able to fulfil the orders it had taken . as a result , radionics made its first loss in the financial year april 1974 - april 1975 . the black watch fiasco had a devastating effect on sinclair ' s finances and the company would have gone bankrupt had not the government , through the
from october 1964 to april 1975 i was working for sinclair radionics : this was the time that clive sinclair was into hi - fi . initially i was assisting with the design of such products as the z12 , stereo 25 , system 200 , system 3000 amplifiers and then for much of this time i was either doing the servicing or was in charge of the service department .
in the event , the gamble failed . the tv1b / c / d was the last product from the sinclair radionics stable . in july 1979 , the national enterprise board - sinclair ' s government backers - finally got fed up and pulled the plug on the company . sinclair received a £10 , 000
golden handshake
and set up science of cambridge instead . the rights to the tv1b were sold to binatone , but the product was soon dropped .
april 1974 - sinclair scientific . this used the casing of the cambridge models .
mr . sinclair , the son of a small london businessman who now works for him , quit school at the age of 17 to engage in several entrepreneurial fits and starts - running a small publishing company , making transistor radio kits and writing for a technical magazine . he set up sinclair radionics when he was 22 , to assemble components for transistor radios and hi - fi ' s .
the men principally responsible for the sinclair instrument range were john nicholls , the project leader , responsible for the electronics and his assistant keith pauley , who engineered the designs for production . in marked contrast to the rest of the sinclair range , the instruments gained a reputation for reliable conventionality rather than often unreliable idiosyncrasy . as norman hewett ( another former managing director of radionics ) has pointed out ,
in 1975 sinclair radionics released the sinclair scientific , a scientific pocket calculator for £99 . 95 . it used rpn , and displays only in 5 digit mantissa or 2 digit . in 1977 a revised model , the
scientific programmable
, was released at £29 . 95 . the scientific programmable mark 2 was later released , reducing the price to £17 . 22 . sinclair attempted to capture the top - end calculator market with the sinclair sovereign , available in plated gold or silver , it was critically acclaimed for its excellent engineering and design and enjoyed short success .
sinclair himself was not particularly interested in his company ' s digital instruments and played little part in their development ; as he commented to computing magazine ( 17 february 1983 ) ,
instruments were profitable but dull .
his hands - off approach meant that the instruments division was treated virtually as a company within a company . derek holley , managing director of sinclair radionics at the time , recalled :
, as outlined above , and also the first sinclair portable digital multimeter was launched .
arnold , william ( 9 january 1975 ) .
sinclair keep it lean
.
clive sinclair is a famous british inventor who was responsible for some of the most iconic electronics during the 70’s and 80’s . these inventions include the sinclair c5 , the zx spectrum , portable tvs and calculators . despite the fact that sinclair did not invent the first pocket calculator he did invent the smallest slimline calculator by far , the sinclair executive .
when it became clear that radionics was failing , clive sinclair took steps to ensure that he would be able to continue to pursue his commercial goals : in february 1975 , he changed the name of ablesdeal ltd . ( an off - the - shelf company he bought in september 1973 , for just such an eventuality ) to westminster mail order ltd . ; this was changed to sinclair instrument ltd . in august 1975 .
the sinclair ql was announced in january 1984 , shortly before the apple macintosh went on sale , but it suffered from several design flaws , and never acheived sinclair ' s expected sales . also in 1984 sinclair finally launched a flat screen tv which was moderately successful .
14 oct - receivers called in to tpd ltd ( ex - sinclair vehicles ltd ) .
there is more information about the sinclair scientific in the featured hand - held calculators section .
sinclair used the gillette gpa as the basis for its oxford range , launched in 1975 .
sinclair produced a few more models , including the cheap programmable enterprise programmable . like all the sinclair programmable models , it was provided with comprehensive manuals with sample programs in different subjects .
in september 1982 the sinclair tv80 pocket television was launched , but was a commercial failure .
clive sinclair was always interested in making tiny versions of common electronic items . here , into the smallest practical volume he managed to squeeze the led display and chip used in other sinclair calculators ( the sinclair cambridge memory and cambridge universal ) , which were then becoming obsolescent .
when i left sinclair radionics , i was working with bi - pre - pak designing audio equipment for them , then i was with pa : ce / mm electronics on their stage mixing equipment . then i left them to join welding alloys ltd , designing their welding machines . finally i started out on my own trading as 4qd , making motor speed controllers .
there is much more information about the sinclair executive in the featured hand - held calculators section .
although the wrist calculator sold reasonably well it had the old sinclair problem of poor quality control .
in the 1980s sinclair entered the personal computer market with the zx80 at £99 . 95 , at the time the cheapest personal computer for sale in the uk . in 1982 the zx spectrum was released , later becoming britain ' s best selling computer , competing aggressively against commodore and amstrad . the combination of the 1984 failures of the sinclair ql computer and tv80 , and the 1985 sinclair c5 electric vehicle bankrupted the company , and a year later sinclair ' s products were sold to amstrad . sinclair still exists today , continuing to market sir clive sinclair ' s newest inventions .
he added that in future sinclair intends to launch new computers with a full range of software .
the micromatic was one of several radios produced by sinclair’s radionics company , before that there was the slimline in 1963 , the micro 6 a year later and the micro fm 1965 but at the time these were way beyond my modest means . i’m not sure that i could afford them now either , judging by the prices the few that come up on ebay have been fetching…
today the company still exists , but in a completely different form than it did in the 1980s . in 1993 , 1994 and 1995 sinclair made continuing losses on decreasing turnover , and began to worry investors since clive sinclair himself was using his own personal wealth to fund his inventions . by 1990 sinclair ' s entire staff had been reduced to sinclair himself , a salesperson / administrator , and r & d employee . by 1997 reportedly only sinclair on his own was working at his company .
during the majority of the 1970s , sinclair focused on building the most affordable pocket calculators with the best design . in 1972 sinclair released the world ' s first slim - line pocket calculator , the
the debut of the x - 10 was also fraught with problems . the original circuit design had been delivered to sinclair radionics accompanied by a working prototype ; jim westwood took the prototype and engineered it into a marketable form which was sent to the firm in hampshire which manufactured sinclair ' s circuit boards . they promised that the first batch of boards would be delivered within a few days , and the first advertisement for the x - 10 was planned to coincide with promised deliveries .
sinclair fm watch radio fmwr . combination of a lcd digital wristwatch with alarm function a . . .
in 1982 clive sinclair converted the barker & wadsworth mineral water bottling factory at 25 willis road , cambridge into the sinclair building to use it as the company ' s new headquarters . ( it was sold to cambridgeshire county council in december 1985 due to sinclair ' s immense debts and finance troubles . )
in april 1976 , the national enterprise board bought a 43 % stake in sinclair radionics for £650 , 000 , and in october the national research and development council agreed to provide £1m for a revived portable tv project , which was finally launched in january 1977 as the microvision tv1a and mon1a at £99 . 95 . supply exceeded demand , and 12 , 000 units were left unsold until they were sold off cheaply . this resulted in a £480 , 000 loss for sinclair . sir clive sinclair was certain that the tv1b model released in 1978 would be more successful , but sales were disappointing .
the design of the tv1a was significantly different from that of the prototype . aeg telefunken of germany had developed a miniature cathode ray tube exclusively for sinclair , while the bulk of the electronics had been custom - designed for sinclair radionics . in hindsight , the tv1a was a notable departure for the company , which hitherto had depended on adapting existing components ; now it was developing its own hardware . this was a significant step forward , paving the way for the much more ambitious hardware development programmmes of the 1980s .
sinclair research profits £14 . 28m on turnover of £77 . 69m , including £309 , 000 government grants .
, which was smaller and considerably thinner than any other on the market . the vital statistics of the sinclair
as many have already observed , sir clive sinclair was just way ahead of his time with the c5 .
maybe , like the sinclair c5 , clive was just ahead of his time with this often forgotten machine .
in 1982 the sinclair zx spectrum was released , later becoming britain’s best selling computer , competing aggressively against commodore and amstrad . unfortunately , sinclair had a misstep with its sinclair ql ( for quantum leap ) personal computer launched in 1984 . although the computer was hyped as being advanced for its time , and relatively cheap , it failed to sell , and production was suspended in 1985 . amstrad acquired sinclair’s computer products lines in april 1986 .
) documented the rise of the british home computer market . it focuses on the rivalry between sir clive sinclair and
in 1966 , sinclair radionics developed the world ' s first portable television , the
microvision
, but never attempted to sell it because development costs would have been too high based on the complicated design the microvision used . in 1976 it was sold as a revised version , the
microvision tv1a / mon1a
at £99 . 95 . supply exceeded demand , and 12 , 000 units were left unsold until they were sold off cheaply . this resulted in a £480 , 000 loss for sinclair . sir clive sinclair was certain that the tv1b model released in 1978 would be more successful , but sales were disappointing . the technology was sold to binatone .
in 1965 the
micro - fm
debuted as
the world
s first pocket - size fm tuner - receiver
, but was unsuccessful due to technical difficulties . despite problems , illegal clones were produced in the far - east . sinclair ' s final 1960s radio kit was the 1967
micromatic
, billed as
the world ' s smallest radio
like sinclair ' s earlier radios . the
micromatic
was a reasonable success and was sold until 1971 . in may 1971 sinclair radionics made £85 , 000 profit on £563 , 000 turnover ; the following year profit increased to £97 , 000 on turnover of £761 , 000 .
the pursuit of the dream of the hand - held television was to consume an awful lot of time , effort , and money at sinclair radionics . it was not until ten years later , in 1976 , that the sinclair tv1a microvision was launched . although only a black & white model , it was revolutionary in being the first multi - standard receiver , working on vhf and uhf , and so could be used around the world . clive ' s ultimate idea was a flat screen tv and work continued on developing a near flat television tube .
another sinclair radionics product that was introduced in 1964 and failed was the first class d amplifier kit rated at 10 watt rms . a class d switching amplifier that was good in theory but sadly ahead of its time and available technology . the amplifier used low frequency germanium transistors as pulse width modulators and switches and wrongly relied on the loudspeaker ' s inductance to filter the class d signal into audio . most often this would short out the output transistors . when it did work the power level was far below 10 watts and sinclair ' s main advertising channel , wireless world magazine , was so deluged with complaints that it supposedly refused to take further advertisements from sinclair .
6 nov - tpd ltd ( ex - sinclair vehicles ) goes into voluntary liquidation with debts of £6 . 4m .
the zx80 was highly successful , and was followed by a series of improved models . however , the old sinclair problems of being unable to meet high demand and quality control took their toll , especially with the sinclair ql home computer .
in march 1981
sinclair computers
was renamed to
sinclair research ltd
and the sinclair zx81 was launched at £49 . 95 in kit form and £69 . 95 ready - built , by mail order . in february 1982 timex obtained a license to manufacture and market sinclair ' s computers in the usa under the name timex sinclair . in april the zx spectrum was launched , priced at £125 for the 16 kb ram version and £175 for the 48 kb version . in july timex launched the ts 1000 ( a version of the zx81 ) in the us . in march 1982 sinclair made an £8 . 55m profit on turnover of £27 . 17m , including £383 , 000 government grants for flat screen .
sinclair research profits of £8 . 55m on turnover of £27 . 17m , including £383 , 000 government grants for flat screen
for people in britain in the 1970s and 1980s clive sinclair was known as
the inventor of the pocket calculator
.
the sinclair executive . image courtesy of maltagc ( cc - by - sa - 3 . 0 ) , via wikimedia commons
here are details of the only two known models of wrist calculator , the sinclair wrist calculator and the quik - check .
was available only as a self - assembly kit , by mail order from science of cambridge , previously sinclair instrument ltd .
clive still had ambitions to form his own company , and had registered the company sinclair radionics in 1961 . having found financial backing he left babani ' s , only to have the backer get cold feet and withdraw . clive then got a job as technical editor with the journal instrument practice , for which he also wrote articles . one of his tasks was to produce a comprehensive survey of the available semiconductors , which opened the door for him at all the semiconductor manufacturers .
two years later clive sinclair formed sinclair research , launched the zx - 80 and searle rejoined him . he ran the u . s . office in boston , concentrating on selling the zx - 80 and 81 until taking - up his new job .
although they were far from being the most high - profile of sinclair ' s products , sinclair ' s digital multimeters were the steady - selling bulwark of the company ' s catalogue in the 1970s and enabled sinclair to produce his more exotic gadgets . six digital multimeters , plus one
pocket frequency meter
and an oscilloscope , were produced between 1974 - 79 . they were :
on 28 may 1985 , sinclair had announced that it wanted to raise an extra £10m to £15m to restructure sinclair research . given the loss of confidence in the company , this proved hard to find . in 1986 , the company sold its entire computer product range and the
sinclair
brand name to amstrad . this deal did not involve the company , merely its name and products .
in july 1977 , sinclair instrument ltd was renamed science of cambridge ltd . which in 1978 launched the mk14 microcomputer kit ; this was based on a national semiconductor sc / mp microprocessor and parts from a sinclair calculator , this had an 8 digit led display and a calculator type keyboard . also in 1977 the sinclair wristwatch calculator was launched , an early example of ' wearable tech ' !
the sinclair scientific provides the basic trigonometric functions and log / antilog . it uses reverse polish notation ( rpn ) like the hp - 35 , and gives results in scientific notation . like many sinclair calculators it was available even cheaper as a self assembly kit .
dale , r . , ( 1985 ) ,
the sinclair story
, london , duckworth , isbn 0 7156 1901 2 .
sinclair x - 1 , which looks like it could be the successor to the c5 is meant to go on sale for £595 .
20 feb - sinclair research restructures into tv and communications division ( headed by bill jeffrey , brought in from mars electronics ) and computer division ( headed by davis chatten , ex - sinclair production director ) . hugo davenport appointed engineering director ( ex - solatron - schlumberger )
in 1972 radionics launched its first electronic calculator , the executive , which was considerably smaller than its competitors since it had been possible to use hearing - aid - sized batteries . it had been discovered that there was considerable latency in the display and memory and that , with the addition of a timer , power could be withheld from these battery - draining components for much of the time .
in 1966 , sinclair radionics re - entered the hi - fi market with the
stereo 25
, a low - cost pre - amp control system . production was halted in 1968 due to low supply of transistors which had been purchased in 1964 as rejects from other manufacturers . in 1969 it was replaced by the
stereo sixty
. this soon became sinclair ' s most successful audio product , being the second product of the
project 60
range . the
project 60
products sold well and were supplemented by the
project 605
kit in 1972 . it was eventually superseded by the more advanced
project 80
kit in 1974 .
the sinclair executive calculator was the worlds first pocket calculator and was launched in august 1972 at a price of £79 . 95 + vat .
in 1972 , radionics launched its first electronic calculator , the executive , which was considerably smaller than its competitors since it had been possible to use hearing - aid - sized batteries . it had been discovered that there was considerable latency in the display and memory and that , with the addition of a timer , power could be withheld from these battery - draining components for much of the time .
since then , sir clive , as he was honoured , has maintained a low profile , and sadly very little has appeared under the sinclair name . sinclair products have a good following among collectors , where the innovative designs which make them stand out from the others are greatly appreciated .
power is supplied through a 9v dc brick , similar to other sinclair machines , but with a new 3 pin adaptor going into the machine .
unfortunately , sinclair ' s claims were a little too extravagant and the amplifier ran into the first advertising standards problem of sinclair’s career . wireless world reportedly refused to take sinclair’s subsequent advertising for the x - 10 because of complaints over the performance claimed for the amp . its stated output was 10 watts r . m . s . , but in reality it was capable of only a quarter of that , and was temperamental to boot .
in 1997 sinclair released the world ' s smallest radio with the
z1 micro am radio
. in 2003 , the sinclair
za20 wheelchair drive unit
was introduced , designed and manufactured in conjunction with hong kong ' s daka designs , a partnership which also led to the seadoo sea scooter , an underwater propulsion unit . sinclair recently announced that they will release a folding bicycle , named the a - bike , in 2005 .
sinclair research profits of £13 . 8m on £54 . 53m turnover , including £1 . 1m flat tv grants . clive ' s salary £82 , 000
17 june - robert maxwell announces rescue bid for sinclair research , which has £15m debts . deal to leave clive with 8 percent , chairmanship and consultancy
several things conspired to ensure the sinclair c5 didn ' t succeed , here i ' ll try to detail the issues with the c5 at launch .
sinclair had shown what could be done with miniaturising calculators , and the competition would soon start to follow , so he had to keep an innovative lead .
in 1984 sinclair finally launched a flat screen tv which was moderately successful , but by now there were competitors around in the hand - held tv market .
searle has been involved closely with the launch of the spectrum and he has decided to continue sinclair ' s unusual marketing strategy of concentrating on mail order .
facing difficulties in raising capital , sinclair research sells cambridge computer to sci
for a nominal amount in return for a royalty stream on the satellite receivers
.
clive sinclair had an interest in eletric vehicles for a long time and wanted to develop his own . he asked chris currie to work on an electric motor .
the sinclair ql was seen by some as the successor to the sinclair spectrum , but in reality , it was aimed at the professional , business and serious home user markets . launching in january 1984 by mail order ( albeit with a several month shipping delay ) , the ql ( standing for quantum leap ) was touted by sinclair themselves as the solution to fend off ibm , commodore , acorn and apple , who had or were soon to be releasing , more professional systems .
in january 1983 the zx spectrum personal computer was presented at the las vegas consumer electronics show . in september the sinclair tv80 television was launched , using flat - screen technology unlike sinclair ' s previous crt televisions , the tv80 was a commercial failure only selling 15 , 000 units and not covering its development costs of £4m .
the unusual , sinclair designed keyboard also contributes to the small size of the executive , with the little rubber pips which press directly on the beryllium - copper contacts .
no longer able to legally market computers under his own name , clive sinclair rebranded himself as cambridge computer ltd . their first and only product ? the z88 computer .
during the majority of the 1970s sinclair focused on building the most affordable pocket calculators , with the best design . in 1972 , sinclair released the world ' s first slim - line pocket calculator , the sinclair executive , for £79 . 95 . the calculator only included basic math functions , and the led display required lots of power . it is often credited as being the world ' s first attractively - styled calculator , that didn ' t require mains power to be used like prior calculators . the executive was a phenomenal success , earning sinclair £1 . 8m in profit . in 1973 the
executive memory
was introduced at a far cheaper price of £24 . 95 .
12 mar - plans to form and seek funding for separate company for wafer - scale chips under robb wilmot are announced by clive . wilmot appointed a director of sinclair research
1995 - 96 results : a loss of £122 , 873 on a turnover of £255 , 826 . by now the staff has been reduced to one - sinclair himself .
mr . sinclair is now producing 10 , 000 zx80 ' s a month , which puts him third in volume of personal computers , behind apple and tandy radio shack .
mr . sinclair is aiming at the novice who wants to learn his way around a computer rather than the small - business executive who wants storage and information processing capacity .
he added that the original idea behind the mail order decision was that when sinclair first went into the computer market there was no obvious retail outlet for a personal computer .
the story of the sinclair black watch , a digital watch that , for some reason , was sold in kit form . it was not an easy watch to build .
exactly a decade before the c5 fiasco , sinclair was nearly brought down by another disastrous product - the black watch , launched in september 1975 at £17 . 95 in kit form and £24 . 95 ready - built . its name was uncharacteristically descriptive by sinclair ' s usual standards - virtually every other sinclair product had an arbitrary , often made - up name or jumble of letters and numbers attached to it . in fact , it is actually a pun ; the original black watch was a famous scottish army unit .
clive sinclair is getting his staff by advertising . already he has received several hundred replies from his recent campaign . he is looking for top - notch scientists and engineers who can work under the peculiar pressures induced by high - risk projects . they will be classically trained , unlike sinclair himself who cheerfully admits that he might not qualify for a job in metalab . they will be employees of sinclair research and , as such , are freed from the worries of having to run a business just as bushnell ' s are .
earlier sinclair oxford 200 with red led display , on the left , and later version with green vfd ( vacuum fluorescent display ) and more rounded casing , on the right .
clive sinclair was very innovative in the field of consumer electronics and , for many years in britain , was widely known as
the man who invented the pocket calculator
.
the sinclair flat - screen pocket - sized television which cost such a lot to develop . the screen is actually a cathode ray tube with the electron beam coming from the side .
bushnell believes he is motivated by boredom . he feels he always has to have something interesting to work on . i read somewhere that he even regards sleep as a personal insult ! sinclair is driven by the excitement of seeing his ideas become reality . sinclair ' s achievement orientation seems more healthy and personally satisfying than bushnell ' s pathological compulsion to be doing something interesting .
1989 saw sinclair produce a digital mobile phone , however this needed to be near a transmitter to make outgoing calls , this did not provide the coverage that the later gsm system acheived .
the keypad is rather strange by sinclair’s standards because normally sinclair products use a membrane with carbon contacts as switches . the keys use a plastic button that sits inside the plastic mould which sit on the surface mounted metal tactile switches . this gives a really nice tactile feel when using the keypad and you get feedback from the switch to know that you have in fact pressed it .
two men whose lives are dedicated to making dreams come true are clive sinclair and nolan bushnell . sinclair made a major impact by introducing the world ' s first true pocket calculator and bushnell by inventing the videogame . both men went on to further successes and they have recently both started what can best be described as idea incubators . david tebbutt takes up the story . . .
march 1975 - sinclair oxford models . initially there were 3 models , the 100 , 200 , and 300 with led displays . later versions had vfd displays , and other oxford models followed .
clive sinclair is an electronics genius and is noted for his miniature electronic products achieved by using very innovative designs . the first sinclair executive calculators used one of the standard calculator chips of the time , the texas instruments tms1802 . this normally has a current consumption of about 300 ma which dictates that normal aa size batteries , or larger , need to be used to give a decent battery life .
in january 1985 , sinclair released the
fm wristwatch radio
, an lcd wristwatch with a radio attached . the aerial was built into the strap and the battery was hidden in the clasp , presumably in an attempt to balance out the considerable weight of the watch . the watch had several usage problems , and never went into full production , making it one of the rarest sinclair products .
to cut down production costs , sinclair used these teeny tiny 7 - segment displays . these are great for power consumption and compactness but they are also really difficult to see . so , to get around this , sinclair had the brilliant idea of using small plastic lenses over each display to magnify the segments and make them appear larger than they really are . and what a difference they make !
the pocket calculator had been a great success for sinclair , but by the late 1970s the calculator line was starting to feel the effects of small , cheap , highly reliable calculators from japan . sinclair had also decided to stick with led and vfd displays , whereas japanese manufacturers were starting to shift to lcds ( liquid crystal displays ) , which had very low power consumption and batteries lasted for months .
i ' ll describe each man ' s history separately up to the point of starting his ` incubator ' . after that i ' ll thread the two tales together . first , clive sinclair . .
although combined watch - calculators became very popular , starting with led display models such as the pulsar and compuchron , only two models of pure wrist calculator are known , the sinclair and the quik check .
but mr . sinclair ' s highly individual style did not mix well with state capitalism . in 1979 , mr . sinclair left , with a $ 22 , 000 ' ' golden handshake , ' ' his design team , and his ideas . the n . e . b . wrote off the venture as a $ 17 million loss . the financial community watched , with a note of self - congratulation .
sir clive sinclair and i go way back and i first fell for one of his famously optimistic advertising campaigns back in the late sixties when i attempted to build several of his matchbox sized micromatic transistor radios .
an intel 8049 chip was used to control the rather limited sound output . unfortunately , we had to wait until 1985 and the spectrum 128k + for a proper sound chip to appear in a sinclair machine .
unfortunately , the down side to this business model was soon discovered . if a new product was very attractive , so many orders were received that production was overwhelmed and there were long delays in sending them out . this was to be a recurring problem for sinclair , as also was poor quality control in the rush to meet orders . to mitigate this was the sinclair policy of exchanging faulty items immediately with no questions asked .
adamson , i . , and kennedy , r . , ( 1996 )
sinclair and the ' sunrise ' technology
, harmondsworth , penguin books ltd . , isbn 0 - 14 - 008774 - 5 .
some sort of roof and side protection from the elements is essential . looking at the sinclair x1 ( which hasn ' t seen the light of day yet ) , something similar on the c5 would work well .
fully working qls were not available until late summer ; complaints against sinclair regarding delays were upheld by the advertising standards authority in may of the year ( in 1982 it had upheld complaints about delays in shipping spectrums ) . especially severe were allegations that it was cashing cheques months before machines were shipped . the ql was nowhere near as successful as sinclair ' s earlier computers . in the autumn , sinclair were still publically predicting it would be a
million seller
, with 250 , 000 sold by the end of the year . ql production was suspended in february 1985 , and the price was halved by the end of the year .
however , mr . sinclair promptly sold his house and his car ( a collector ' s rolls - royce ) , set up sinclair research and began production of the zx8o , an inexpensive , $ 199 . 95 microcomputer . he also managed to continue the government connection with a $ 1 million grant from the state - controlled national research and development corporation for development of the pocket television , in return for an undisclosed royalty .
description : a sinclair cambridge electronic pocket calculator : the original four - function cambridge which carried out the four basic mathematical functions of addition , subtraction , multiplication and division . it is powered by 4 aaa batteries .
the pcb is made of a paper - based epoxy material ( fr2 ) and only has solder mask on copper . the sinclair logo can be seen on the bottom of the main pcb that holds the processor .
sinclair ' s c5 electric tricycle , launched in 1985 was a very environmentally friendly electric vehicle . however , it was discontinued despite some 17 , 000 units sold , which compares well with many later electric vehicles .
the sinclair business philosophy was to research and design its products itself but to sub - contract manufacture . in this way it could respond quickly to market changes . however , this makes modification of the design tricky and quality control more difficult , which caused problems with the thousands of calculators now being exported , and being sold to non - hobbyists . in 1973 , sinclair set up its first quality control department to address this problem .
that may be rather too hasty a judgment . mr . sinclair is back , as head of sinclair research , maker of a highly successful line of microcomputers - and now he has what he hopes will be truly a first . it ' s pocket - sized television , a 6 - by - 4 - by - 1 - inch black - and - white model that weighs only a few ounces . again , he has government support . and this time , mr . sinclair vows he is not going to repeat past mistakes . ' ' we aim to be first in the market - and stay in the market , ' ' he said .
calculators are always taken for granted , especially in the age of smartphones . today we will look at a calculator from 1975 ( 40 years old ) which was one of clive sinclair ' s fantastic , innovative products !
the sinclair ql was announced on january 12 , 1984 , shortly before the apple macintosh actually went on sale . this was a new computer , to be aimed at the business market and costing £399 . however , at this point the final design had not yet been completed . shipping finally started in may , with 13 , 000 orders taken , but only a few hundred units delivered at first . because the initially supplied rom had proved insufficient , early machines were shipped with a
kludge
hanging out of the machine with additional rom space . your sinclair noted that it was
difficult to find a good word for sinclair research in the computer press
.
' ' the sinclair model has gadget appeal , ' ' said gavin embry , an electronics consultant . ' ' i have two , one to play with and one to take apart to see how it works . ' '
' ' clive gets ideas so fast that sometimes he does the last thing he thinks up before he finishes with the first , ' ' explained one electronics expert who has watched mr . sinclair ' s roller - coaster career .
despite not achieving it’s expected sales , the ql did make some progress into professional and home markets , selling 150 , 000 units . enough for several companies to pop up and support users who had plunged into the machine . however , it was no where near enough to save sinclair’s fortunes , having already failed with the sinclair c5 and suffering the video game crash of ’85 . out of this innovative misfortune , alan sugar’s amstrad stepped up , and using purely capitalist driven skills , acquired sinclair in early 1986 , immediately abandoning the ql . fortunately the same companies who supported the machine beforehand , quickly stepped up to fill the void , including cst and dansoft , who created the thor line of compatible machines .
featured on this page are two wrist calculators , the sinclair wrist calculator and the quik - check . wrist calculators are pure calculators for strapping to the wrist and should not be confused with calculator - watches which are combined watches and calculators .
1988 - 1989 results : a loss of £183 , 015 on a turnover of just £7 , 825 . by now the company employs only three people - sinclair himself , a sales and admin person and a research - and - development person .
in 1974 sinclair produced a design for gillette , since the shaver manufacturer had decided to diversify into consumer electronics . the result was the gillette gpa calculator , which was sold for a short period before gillette reversed its decision on moving into calculators .
also unusually for sinclair , normally an unashamed populist , the tv1a was aimed initially at the business / exective market with a cost of $ 400 . weighing some 26 ounces , this made it - ounce for ounce - more costly than solid silver .
the sinclair oxford range comprised several models , with the early ones having led displays . later a change was made to the lower power consumption green vfds ( vacuum fluorescent displays ) , and the case was made more rounded as shown in the photograph below .
this was to be the pattern of sinclair ' s electronics business . the products were miniaturised and highly innovative ; the advertisements for them were large and eye - catching ; they were sold by mail order , generally as kits ; and they were competitively priced .
n . m . rothschild & son place 400 , 000 shares ( 10 per cent of equity ) of sinclair research at £34 each with financial institutions , valuing the company at £136m . clive now owns 85 per cent , gains £13 . 6m as result of sale
the main project within sinclair research limited is a pedal bicycle dramatically lighter than any previously made . this uses lightweight composite materials to the almost complete exclusion of steel . development is well advanced and tooling will commence soon . we intend to launch the bike in 1992 .


swiss international air lines ag ( short swiss , stylized as swiss ) is the national airline of switzerland operating scheduled services in europe and to north america , south america , africa and asia .

its main hub is zurich airport , with a focus city operation at geneva airport .

the airline was formed after the 2001 bankruptcy of swissair , switzerland 's former flag carrier .

swiss is a member of the star alliance .

it is a subsidiary of the lufthansa group , with headquarters at euroairport basel-mulhouse-freiburg near basel , switzerland , and an office at zurich airport in kloten , switzerland .

the company 's registered office is in basel .

the airline uses the iata code lx that it inherited from the swiss regional airline crossair ( swissair 's code was sr ) .

the icao code is swr , inherited from swissair ( crossair 's was crx ) , in order to keep international traffic rights .

swiss international air lines

swiss global air lines is a 100 % subsidiary of swiss international air lines .
glassdoor has 73 swiss international air lines reviews submitted anonymously by swiss international air lines employees . read employee reviews and ratings on glassdoor to decide if swiss international air lines is right for you .
swiss international air lines ltd . - company profile , information , business description , history , background information on swiss international air lines ltd .
make an swiss international air lines reservation and find some amazing deals with discounted swiss international air lines tickets at alternative airlines . swiss international air lines flies to many destinations worldwide , offering a cost effective and safe service to all its passengers . let alternative airlines help find you cheap swiss international air lines tickets and make international and domestic flight reservations on swiss international air lines today .
swiss worldcargo swiss international air lines ltd . po box zrhlx / cm 8058 zurich airport switzerland
flight awards cannot be used for first class on swiss international air lines flights .
vice president , head of operation planning & steering , swiss international air lines ltd .
swiss international air lines s . a . ( h . q . ) - gtp
swiss international air lines s . a . ( h . q . ) - map
swiss international air lines ltd . p . o . box ch - 4002 basel switzerland
click here for more information about our swiss international air lines reviews and safety ratings system .
swiss international air lines s . a . ( h . q . ) ( lx )
swiss international air lines s . a . ( h . q . ) - photo gallery
browse the most popular swiss international air lines flight routes to cities all over the world . expedia can help you make reservations on swiss international air lines for international flights to all major cities and thousands of other destinations . use the following list of the most popular swiss international air lines international routes to help you plan your next vacation .
destinations listed are served by swiss international air lines ' primary operations only . for flights operated by
name swiss international air lines ltd . company number fc023455 company type other incorporation date 01 aug 2001
find out more information about your online reservations and swiss international air lines flights status . after you book online flights with swiss international air lines , use the following links to help you with your swiss international air lines online check - in , and find out about any baggage allowance information .
this is a list of destinations served by swiss international air lines and swiss global air lines including those served by franchisees austrian airlines and helvetic airways as of july 2016 . swiss .
zurich airport is the hub airport for swiss international air lines and belair , edelweiss air , germania flug , helvetic airways .
swiss international air lines has its main hub at zurich airport and is a member of star alliance .
love flying with swiss international air lines ? expedia has gathered a list of continents swiss international air lines visits around the world . swiss international air lines flies thousands of flights every month , the most popular route is zrh to svo with 1 , 235 flights per month . you can get great deals on swiss international air lines flights when you book out of top airports like zrh . browse our selection below to explore the top destinations serviced by your favourite airline , and discover the best deals on flights with swiss international air lines .
swiss global air lines - provides services to european destinations and the united states .
how swiss international air lines is managing the introduction of two new fleet types and in - and outsourced maintenance .
swiss international air lines has codeshare agreements with many airlines including adria airways , air canada , air china , air france , air malta , egyptair , el al , lufthansa , lot polish airlines and many others .
swiss international air lines offers safe , dependable service to destinations all around the globe and expedia helps get you there ! whatever your destination , you can always rely on expedia to discover the best deals and amazing rates on swiss international air lines reservations . explore the cheap airfare section to find savings on domestic and international flight reservations and book cheap swiss international air lines tickets today .
urltoken presents our independent swiss international air lines safety ratings and reviews . country of origin : | airline code : lx
crossmos® etlb now live on the entire fleet of swiss international air . . .
travelling internationally ? expedia has got you covered with the lowest swiss international air lines fares and the most popular flight routes .
swiss international air lines has announced it will expand its european network from zurich in the coming 2018 / 19 winter timetables .
swiss international air lines and etihad airways are teaming up to offer passengers new codeshare connections in expansion of global route networks .
browse the most popular swiss international air lines flight routes to cities worldwide . alternative airlines can help you make reservations on swiss international air lines for international flights to lots of destinations . use the following list of routes to help you plan your next flight . book swiss international air lines flights on alternative airlines to save big ! alternative airlines is an online travel agency , specialising in booking lesser known airlines and remote destinations .
swiss international air lines introduce their first flights to pula this year , leaving from geneva and taking around an hour and a half .
swiss international air lines has ordered two additional boeing 777 - 300ers to take its long - haul fleet to a total of 31 aircraft .
use our simple search tool to find great flight deals on swiss international air lines with expedia . com . au . compare prices and save !
swiss international air lines is the flag carrier of switzerland and operates many flights to europe , north america , south america , africa and asia .
swiss international air lines began operating in 2002 . in that short period , what have been most significant changes in how the airline approaches mro ?
expedia has the tools you need to help with your travel plans . we make it easy to check on swiss international air lines flight status , or get information about swiss international air lines baggage allowance and fees for your 1st and 2nd checked bags . we also provide links to swiss international air lines online check - in web pages so you can check - in from the comfort of your home or office before you head to the airport .
travel isn’t just about booking quality flights at unbeatable rates – it’s also about getting all the information you need to be secure and informed when you book online . whether you are flying swiss international air lines domestic flights or international routes , urltoken offers the information you need about swiss international air lines reservations , flights status updates , links to online check - in , baggage allowance information , and more . get all the information you need about your swiss international air lines flights from urltoken .
browse the most popular swiss international air lines flight routes within canada . expedia can help you make reservations on swiss international air lines for canadian domestic flights to all major cities and many smaller destinations . use the following list of the most popular routes in canada to help you plan your next trip .
use urltoken to find the best discounts on swiss international air lines flights . choose your flight route , travel date , and the price you want and start packing . we ' ve gathered some great deals from swiss international air lines to inspire you and get you started on planning your next trip .
swiss international air lines ( also known as swiss ) is the aviation flag carrier of switzerland . the airline was formed in 2002 after the bankruptcy of previous flag carrier swissair .
history : formed in 2002 after the bankruptcy of swissair , swiss international air lines incurred heavy losses in its early years before eventually becoming profitable in 2006 . during this time , the lufthansa group acquired a stake in swiss of 11 % and then increased its stake to majority ownership two years later . swiss also runs a regional airline , swiss global air lines , which operated as swiss european air lines until february 2015 .
copyright photo : swiss international air lines boeing 777 - 3de er hb - jnf ( msn 44587 ) mia ( bruce drum ) . image : 104596 .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) is now switzerland’s national airline . it runs flights from its hub , zurich , and geneva to more than 100 destinations in 50 countries worldwide .
1934 : delta receives air mail route 24 from post office ; resumes passenger service . begins operating as delta air lines .
top copyright photo : swiss international air lines airbus a321 - 212 wl hb - ion ( msn 5567 ) pmi ( ton jochems ) . image : 938350 .
swiss international air lines , the flag carrier for switzerland , is commonly known as swiss . the airline , which was founded in 2002 , displays the swiss flag on its tailfin – a white cross on a red background .
looking for the status on a swiss international air lines flight ? look below to find the top swiss international air lines flights . from the daily flight status to the on - time rating of the flight we have you covered . we ' ve gathered all the information you need for an easy pick up or drop off at the airport .
cartrawler entered a partnership with swiss international air lines ( swiss ) , the national airline of switzerland . the agreement will give swiss customers access to car rental brands , rail operators , shuttle bus companies , limousines and driver services .
easyjet “”uk airline , cheap flights from london , paris , nice , amsterdam to geneva and more . swiss international air lines “”cheap flights from zurich , paris , and other cities
copyright photo : swiss international air lines bombardier cs300 ( bd - 500 - 1a11 ) hb - jce ( msn 55014 ) zrh ( andi hiltl ) . image : 941490 .
following the bankruptcy of swissair in 2001 , swiss international air lines ( swiss ) was formed from the expansion of swissair subsidiary crossair . now the national airline of switzerland , swiss is a subsidiary of the lufthansa group with hubs in zurich and geneva . swiss worldcargo
the head office of swiss worldcargo is located within the corporate headquarters of swiss international air lines in zurich kloten . approximately 100 people are working in our head office for swiss worldcargo , which is roughly one third of our worldwide staff .
above copyright photo : swiss international air lines boeing 777 - 3de er hb - jna ( msn 44582 ) ( faces of swiss – images of employees ) zrh ( rolf wallner ) . image : 942356 .
from january 2016 , swiss global air lines will also be serving various long - haul destinations in the current swiss route network with six boeing 777 - 300er .
delta air lines is looking at austin as a possible point of network growth in the coming years .
eastern air lines ( 2nd ) – havana air ( swifft air 2nd usa ) boeing 737 - 8cx wl n277ea ( msn 32359 ) mia ( tony storck ) . image : 940753 .
fl technics ( vilnius ) , a global provider of integrated aircraft maintenance , repair and overhaul services , has announced signing agreements with two lufthansa group carriers – germanwings and swiss international air lines .
swiss international air lines ltd . was founded on 01 aug 2001 and has its registered office in switzerland . the organisation ' s status is listed as
active
. it currently has 5 directors .
swiss international air lines has given a tantalising hint of its new business and first class cabins for the new long haul fleet , as it gets ready for the first of its nine new boeing 777 - 300ers .
swiss international air lines is the national airline of switzerland serving europe , north and south america , asia and africa . air new zealand and swiss connect in london , singapore , hong kong and los angeles providing a good partnership in connecting europe with new zealand . swiss became the 17th airline to join the star alliance in april 2006 .
he carrier operates a domestic and regional network within switzerland and europe as well as international services to asia , north america and africa . swiss previously owned a subsidiary unit , swiss global air lines , which later merged into the parent in apr - 2018 .
the new commercial joint venture the lufthansa group and singapore airlines ( sia ) signed back in november 2015 is bearing its first fruit . collaboration partners lufthansa , singapore airlines ( sia ) and swiss international air lines ( swiss ) are expanding their codeshare agreements .
1953 : chicago and southern air lines merger brings delta its first international routes ( to the caribbean and caracas ) . airline called delta - c & s for the next two years .
swiss international air lines , the flag carrier formed in 2002 after bankruptcy of swissair , announced yesterday that it would be
sharpening its brand profile
. this involves new corporate logos and a tagline that will be introduced from october .
alternative titles : sa suisse pour la navigation aérienne , schweizerische luftverkehr ag , swiss , swiss air transport company ltd . , swissair
it offers a range of destinations from its base in belgium to almost 50 ports across europe as well as 21 african cities and israel , along with codeshare agreements covering a range of airlines incl etihad , singapore airlines , air canada , luftansa , united airlines and swiss international air lines .
is nothing like the experience of flying on swiss air itself — which is absolutely marvelous .
swiss international air lines flies to many destinations including abu dhabi , accra , algiers , amsterdam , athens , atlanta , beijing , beirut , kiev , jakarta , lisbon , london , zurich , tokyo , tehran , stockholm and many others .
swiss international air lines ltd . ( swiss ) is switzerland ' s national airline . the swissair group ' s regional subsidiary , crossair ag , was made the legal basis for this new airline following collapse of the swissair ( swiss air transport company , ltd . ) in late 2001 . after taking over much of the operations of the former swissair group , the new swiss connects 126 destinations in 59 countries .
crossair began using the swiss brand name in april 2002 . swiss international air lines ltd . became the company ' s official new name effective july 1 , 2002 . swiss was updating its fleet with 13 airbus 340 aircraft due for delivery in 2003 and was aiming to join the united states - led oneworld global airline alliance .
swiss international air lines serves over 100 destinations in 43 countries worldwide from zurich and geneva and carrying some 17 million passengers a year with its 90 - aircraft fleet . swiss is part of the lufthansa group , and is also a member of star alliance , the world’s biggest airline grouping .
swiss global airline has its headquarters at basel , zurich & the town of kloten while edelweiss air has its base at zurich airport . swiss global airlines was early known as swiss european air lines which was founded in the year 2005 and used to operate services to eu nations . it was rebranded to swiss global airlines on 3rd , february 2015 . while edelweiss air was founded on 19th , october 1995 in bassersdorf , switzerland .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) are celebrating the delivery of the airline ' s first 777 - 300er ( extended range ) . the latest addition to swiss ' fleet touched down in zurich today following a non - stop 4 , 545 nautical miles ( 8 , 418 kilometers ) delivery flight from boeing ' s everett delivery center in everett , wa .
swiss international air lines flew the men’s swiss national soccer squad to samara in southwest russia , where the squad will be based for the coming world cup tournament , starting on monday june 11 . the special flight to samara airport was operated with an airbus a321 ( above ) . swiss will also be flying the switzerland squad back home from russia after the event .
…the former airline reemerged as swiss international air lines ( swiss ) , which , after a difficult start , grew rapidly . similarly , the recovery of the financial markets in the following years brought a period of prosperity to the city in general , securing zürich’s position as the uncontested economic capital of switzerland . moreover , switzerland’s…
another prominent lufthansa group carrier to have recently signed a cooperation agreement with fl technics is swiss international air lines . the 5 - year - long agreement covers base maintenance , engineering and doa services . its first aircraft has already arrived at fl technics for a window frame replacement .
the boeing 777 swiss air lines first class cabin has eight private first class suites right up front , where they should be . there are two rows of 1 - 2 - 1 seating in first .
welcome to swiss international air lines® which was founded on 5 january 2016 by goldnelly . swiss international air lines® is the official flag carrier of switzerland and a proud member of the star alliance . our goal is to provide the utmost service and comfort to all our passengers while maintaining the strict standard of safety on board . iata : lx | icao : swr | callsign : swiss company slogan : ' made of switzerland . ' links : bit ( dot ) do / flyswiss _ rblxtwitter | bit ( dot ) do / flyswiss _ rblxwebsite bit ( dot ) do / flyswiss _ rblxffp fleet : | | airbus a320 - 214 [ hb - jlr | in service ] | | airbus a330 - 343 [ hb - jhm | in service ] | | boeing 777 - 300er [ hb - jnc | in service ] | | bombardier cs300 [ hb - jca | in service ] airports : | | vienna international airport [ destination ] | | zürich international airport [ main hub ] ■we are not affiliated in any form with the real swiss international air lines■
founded in 2002 after swissair was declared bankrupt , swiss international air lines , also known as swiss , is the country ' s national flag carrier . its main hub is zürich airport with geneva airport the hub for its focus city operations . it is owned by the lufthansa group and is a member of the star alliance . it has codeshare agreements with other star alliance members such as singapore airlines , turkish airways , air canada and air india . additional codeshare arrangements have also been formed with airlines not part of the star alliance , such as el al israel airlines , air malta and ukraine international airlines .
site map about delta business programs corporate travel travel agents careers privacy & security cookies & ad choices legal blog social mobile app ©2017 delta air lines , inc .
new swiss arrivals lounge in zurich swiss has opened a new arrivals lounge at its zurich hub .
you can pay for your flights with swiss international airlines in the currency and payment method of your choice when booking through alternative airlines .
1975 : first airline to offer its own air express service , a new high priority , guaranteed cargo service called delta air express .
swiss international air lines is based in switzerland and operates flights from its main hubs located in zurich , geneva and basel . the carrier is also known as swiss and is the principal airline of switzerland . it operates scheduled flights to many destinations in europe , north america , south america , africa and asia . swiss was founded in 2001 after switzerland ' s former flag carrier swissair ' s bankruptcy .
no - frills airlines to geneva : here are several airlines that offer cheap flights to geneva from many bigger european destinations : easyjet “”uk airline , cheap flights from london , paris , nice , amsterdam to geneva and more . swiss international air lines “”cheap flights from zurich , paris , and other cities .
ati - air transport international boeing 767 - 323 er ( f ) wl n395cm ( msn 25447 ) bwi ( tony storck ) . image : 940758 .
the boeing 777 swiss business class seat is a very familiar alternating staggered seat , similar to the thompson vantage and vantage xl products , however it was developed from the airline ' s previous business class seat , which was designed as a bespoke model for swiss air lines .
, swiss airline formed in 2002 following the bankruptcy of swiss air transport company ltd . ( swissair ) . the airline serves cities in europe , asia , africa , the
lufthansa group subsidiary swiss international air lines ( swiss ) has ordered a tenth boeing 777 - 300er , to be delivered in 2018 , the carrier announced oct . 7 . the aircraft will be used to replace some of the carrier’s airbus a340 - 300s . the switzerland flag carrier—which will transfer four of nine a340 - 300s to its leisure subsidiary edelweiss air by 2018—will keep five a340s in the swiss fleet . the aircraft are to be provided with a new cabin product , including inflight . . .
as the airline of switzerland , swiss is a byword for traditional swiss values . true to its roots , the company is dedicated to providing the highest possible quality in all its products and services . with its style of service and attention to detail , swiss is also optimally equipped to remain as close as possible to its customers and meet their individual needs . swiss international air lines serves 47 destinations in europe and offers daily connections from all major australian cities to zurich and beyond .
feeling loyal to your favorite airline company ? stick with what you know and love , and choose a flight with the airline company of your choice . below you’ll find a convenient list of destinations served by swiss international air lines , so it’s easy for you to search and book a flight that aligns with your travel preferences .
thanks to swiss testimonial , you are able to discover more about swiss recovery plans in case of disruption .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) has taken delivery of the first of 20 bombardier cs300 aircraft it has on order . swiss , the launch operator for the smaller cs100 , will become the first airline to operate both variants of the cseries when the cs300 enters service on the geneva - london heathrow route june 1 . swiss ultimately plans to have 10 cs100s and 20 cs300s in its fleet . “with its 20 additional seats , this second model in the cseries family ideally complements our current . . .
swiss international air lines ltd . ' s legal predecessor , crossair ag , was launched in february 1975 as business flyers basel by moritz suter . the airline began with just three routes . crossair was based in french territory at the
euro - airport
at basel / mulhouse . this unique bi - national location freed crossair from having to obtain work permits for its non - swiss employees .
swiss air lines doesn ' t care that he was contagious and we lost our entire amount of our tickets . we have tried emailing them back and no response . this is outrageous . our friends had similar experiences with delta and american and they were given a year to change their tickets . swiss air lines gives you nothing and still no response to our emails . don’t use them – ( united and delta are much better choices for non - stop from ny – they care about their passengers ) .
delta air lines , inc . provides air transportation for passengers and freight throughout the united states and around the world . as of march 1 , 2005 , delta ( including its wholly owned subsidiaries , atlantic southeast airlines , inc . and comair , inc . ) . . .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) presented its first bombardier c series aircraft – a cs100 – at zurich airport today . the aircraft also received its new name : canton of zurich . the innovative short - and medium - haul twinjet sets new benchmarks in terms of its inflight comfort , its operating economics and its environmental credentials . swiss will become the world’s first operator of the totally newly - developed bombardier c series when its first cs100 enters commercial service on 15 july .
air canada together with its regional airline subsidiary , air canada jazz , provides scheduled and charter air transportation for passengers and cargo to more than 150 destinations , vacation packages to over 90 destinations , as well as maintenance , ground . . .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) is the airline of switzerland , serving over 100 destinations in 43 countries from zurich and geneva and carrying more than 16 . 5 million passengers a year with its 91 - aircraft fleet . as the airline of switzerland , swiss embodies the country’s traditional values and is committed to delivering the highest product and service quality . with its workforce of over 9 , 000 personnel , swiss generated total operating income of roughly chf 5 billion in 2016 . swiss is part of the lufthansa group and is also a member of star alliance , the world’s biggest airline grouping .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) is the airline of switzerland , serving over 100 destinations in 43 countries worldwide from zurich and geneva and carrying some 17 million passengers a year with its 90 - aircraft fleet . as the airline of switzerland , swiss embodies its home country’s traditional values , and is committed to delivering the highest product and service quality . with its workforce of over 8 , 800 personnel , swiss generated total operating income of around chf 5 billion in 2017 . swiss is part of the lufthansa group , and is also a member of star alliance , the world’s biggest airline grouping .
international flights connecting to international destinations ( iti ) - confirm with your airline if your luggage was checked directly to your final destination or if you have to collect it before clearing u . s . customs .
swiss european airlines is the flag carrier airline of switzerland and was formed after the bankruptcy of swissair . it is a subsidiary of the lufthansa group and is a member of star alliance . the swiss airlines headquarters are situated in basel and its main hub is zurich airport and geneva international airport . swiss airlines witnesses heavy air traffic to numerous destinations in north america , south america , europe , asia and africa . air passenger traffic and cargo traffic may lead to delays in scheduled times of swiss air flights . according to the eu passenger rights regulation , passengers travelling on swiss airlines flights have the right to demand compensation for flight delays from the airline .
let alternative airlines help find you the best prices and make international and domestic flight reservations with us today .
international flights connecting to u . s . destinations - claim luggage before clearing u . s . customs .
the carrier was quick to capitalize upon opportunities in eastern europe , taking a third share bratislava - based tatra air in collaboration with slov - air of czechoslovakia . crossair also owned shares in delta air and alsavia , registered in france and germany , respectively . it took a 15 percent share of scotland ' s business air in 1990 .
swiss international airlines has a total of 67 fleets under its name , as of august 2015 , not counting the fleets of swiss global airlines and edelweiss air . swiss international airlines owns 5 airbus a319 - 100 , 23 airbus a320 - 200 , 6 airbus a321 - 100 , 3 airbus a321 - 200 , 15 airbus a330 - 300 & 15 airbus a340 - 300 . however , swiss global airlines has 16 fleets as of october 2015 which consists of 16 avro rj100 and edelweiss air has 7 fleets as of november 2015 which consists of 5 airbus a320 - 200 , 1 airbus a330 - 200 , and 1 airbus a330 - 300 .
down the back of the ( air ) bus , in economy , swiss says it will install an all - new
type of seat .
swiss international airlines popularly known as swiss airlines is a national airline and the flag carrier of switzerland with its head office located at euroairport basel - mulhouse - freiburg near basel along with an office in zurich airport in switzerland . swiss global airlines & edelweiss air are the subsidiaries of swiss international airlines . the company itself is one of the subsidiaries of lufthansa group , who took over the airline on 1st , july 2007 and is a member of
star alliance
. the airline ' s iata code is lx which it inherited from the swiss regional airline crossair while its icao code is swr which it inherited from swissair . swiss international airline company was established after merging with crossair in 2002 on 31st , march . swiss airline connects to 106 destinations in 49 countries all over the world operating from zurich & geneva . annually it transports 16 million passengers on an average .
air canada altitude is how we show our gratitude to our most loyal frequent flying customers .
swiss uses cookies in order to improve your online experience . by continuing to use swiss . com , you accept our cookie policy .
how would you like to fly to destinations all over the world from zurich or geneva airport with swiss ? swiss ' huge network of routes offers you non - stop flights to more than 100 destinations in europe and overseas . you can also discover legendary swiss quality in our swiss first , swiss business and swiss economy classes on board both our international and national flights , where our cabin crew will treat you like royalty . in order to make your flight even more personal and convenient , you can take advantage of other
swiss international air lines is enlarging its range of non - stop services to and from geneva . the expansion , which has been facilitated by its partnership with edelweiss air and an intensification of its collaborations with partner carriers within star alliance , sees various new points added to swiss’s geneva - based network including washington , montreal , sharm el - sheikh , hurghada , heraklion and priština . as a result , swiss will now offer non - stop service from geneva to 11 destinations served by its own aircraft , a further eight leisure destinations served by sister carrier edelweiss air and another 16 destinations under codeshare agreements with various partner airlines , most of them fellow star alliance members . the new services substantially expand swiss’s geneva - based network , and have either commenced already or will be introduced over the next few weeks .
swiss international air lines ( swiss ) is switzerland’s national airline , serving 102 destinations in 46 countries from zurich and geneva and carrying more than 16 million passengers a year with its 94 - aircraft fleet . the company’s swiss worldcargo division provides a comprehensive range of airport - to - airport airfreight services for high - value and care - intensive consignments to some 130 destinations in over 80 countries . as “the airline of switzerland” , swiss embodies the country’s traditional values , and is committed to delivering the highest product and service quality . with its workforce of 8 , 564 personnel , swiss generated total operating income of chf 5 billion in 2015 . swiss is part of the lufthansa group , and is also a member of star alliance , the world’s biggest airline grouping .
1998 : delta and swisscargo forge the first international cargo alliance . delta is the first airline to install automatic defibrillators on board all of its aircraft . first and business classes on international flights become a single section of luxury seats called businesselite® .
swiss international air lines’ fleet is undergoing a makeover , having brought its first bombardier c series aircraft into service in july 2016 and with orders in place for the airbus a320neo . stephan regli , the zurich - headquartered carrier’s vice president and head of maintenance , tells inside mro’s james pozzi about the company’s maintenance ramp - up in preparation for the new fleet and how it operates across its day - to - day maintenance activities .
we accept paypal making flight purchases with swiss international airlines easy and more secure for customers . paypal is one of the leading forms of online payment , with more than 169 million accounts worldwide .
other airlines which fly to and from this airport include adria airways , air berlin , alitalia , american airlines , austrian airlines , bulgaria air , cathay pacific , corendon airlines and many others .
flight awards cannot be used for the beijing - pyongyang sector that is operated by air china .
* 2 since this is a roundtrip itinerary with only 2 international sectors , the zone 1 - a required mileage applies .
the first six aircraft will replaced the six second - hand airbus a340 - 300s which were added to the swiss fleet to launch new long - haul routes to the us in 2008 . three further a340s will be replaced by new boeing 777 - 300ers between 2017 and 2018 . the redundant a340 aircraft will be transferred to swiss air lines low - cost offshoot , leisure carrier edelweiss .
how to get there ? by air , the nearest airports are geneva , milano or torino . it is approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes from milan’s malpensa airport and geneva international airport , and approximately 2 hours from torino .
warburton , simon ,
swissair woes affect other airlines ,
flight international , october 9 , 2001 , p . 6 .
the international aviation authority iata has laid down regulations for transport containers . swiss strictly adheres to these rules for reasons of animal welfare . they define the conditions , appearance and minimum size for transport containers .
is air dolomiti , an italian regional airline with its head office in dossobuono , villafranca di verona .
as official airline of the swiss football association , swiss flew the men’s swiss national soccer squad to the world cup in russia . swiss soccer fans can also take advantage of a special charter flight to rostov during the tournament , and of increased capacities to moscow . and selected flights within europe will feature culinary creations by the swiss squad’s chef during the world cup competition .
swiss international air lines will be offering its first class travellers and hon circle members of the lufthansa group an exclusive new swiss first lounge in zurich airport’s terminal a from next monday onwards . the new lounge , which is accessible via an escalator from the terminal a departure concourse , enables guests to check in simply and conveniently at the welcome desk , hand in their registered baggage and then pass through a dedicated security checkpoint . travellers departing in winter for warmer climes can also deposit their coat free of charge in a lockable wardrobe facility .
swiss passengers may now book flights from zurich to abu dhabi via swiss ( first flight on march 26 , 2018 ) . swiss transfer passengers may fly into zurich aboard a swiss flight , then continue on to abu dhabi aboard an etihad airways flight operated under a swiss flight number . luggage may be checked in at the point of departure for collection at the final destination .
third - party services : swiss offers third - party maintenance services across 16 stations worldwide . the main goal of setting up the stations is to serve swiss jets along with other aircraft also operated by airlines under the lufthansa group . as part of a strategy to optimize the workload of station engineers , swiss offers these services to third - party customers under the framework of the international air transport association technical pool , which the airline says helps reduce fixed costs .
official airline partner of the swiss national football team _ subscribe for exclusive video updates : urltoken . . . swiss international air lines ( swiss ) is the airline of switzerland , serving more than 100 destinations from zurich and geneva and carrying more than 16 million passengers a year . its origins commit it to the highest product and service quality . and because its size is manageable , swiss is able to be closer to its guests and provide them with more individual care . swiss is part of the lufthansa group , and is also a member of star alliance , the world’s biggest airline grouping . swiss – made of switzerland follow us on social media : facebook : urltoken twitter : urltoken instagram : urltoken snapchat : urltoken linkedin : urltoken . . . xing : urltoken . . . urltoken urltoken world of swiss : urltoken / world . . . sign up for our newsletter : urltoken / newsl . . . show less
1928 : c . e . woolman , the principal founder of what would become delta air lines , leads movement to buy huff daland dusters . renamed delta air service for the mississippi delta region it served , the new airline is incorporated on dec . 3 , 1928 . d . y . smith , president ; c . e . woolman first vice president .
meet international clients deals with different people from different cultures and back ground . get to travel to different countries at a lower price .
swiss has agreements with most of the star alliance carriers as well as a few skyteam and oneworld carriers , including air canada , air france , austrian airlines , croatia airlines , egyptair , helvetic airways , lot polish airlines , singapore airlines , tap portugal , turkish airlines and united airlines .
swiss international air lines ( lx ) is switzerland ' s flag carrier and a member of the star alliance . the airline offers non - stop flights to more than 100 destinations in 48 countries . these include four points within switzerland , as well as other cities in europe , africa , asia , the middle east , north america and south america . in addition to its alliance partners , swiss has codeshare arrangements with more than 20 other airlines . the airline ' s fleet has a variety of two - cabin ( business class and economy class ) and three - cabin ( first class , business class and economy class ) configurations . depending on the departure city , premium class passengers may have access to the airline ' s swiss first lounge , swiss senator lounge or swiss business lounge . swiss ' s primary hub is located at zürich airport ( zrh ) .
the first thing you notice in the swiss first class seat is the 32 inch tv screen , which swiss claim is the largest in the industry . swiss also have electrically - adjustable window blinds , and a myriad of many lighting options , from small reading lights to warm overhead cabin lights , which enhances the homely feel of the swiss frisk cabin . the swiss tall oblong bespoke reading lamp carries on the design cues from swiss lounge right through to the cabin .
with signing a joint venture with air china in september 2016 , the lufthansa group is consistently moving forward with its strategy for asia . this joint venture with the national flag carrier of the people’s republic of china is of particular significance as it considerably strengthens the presence of lufthansa group airlines in the world’s second most important air traffic market . as well as lufthansa and air china , the agreement also extends to lufthansa’s subsidiaries , austrian airlines and swiss international airlines . this intensified cooperation kicks off as part of the 2017 summer flight schedule .
fleet : the majority of aircraft in swiss’s fleet comprises airbus a319s , a320s , a321s , a330s and a340s . swiss has placed orders for 15 next - generation aircraft , including 10 a320neos and five a321neos . its swiss european air lines regional subsidiary operates 24 aircraft in total , including six boeing 777 - 300ers and 16 avro rj100s . in july 2016 , the carrier brought its first bombardier c series into service , with the canadian - produced aircraft earmarked to replace the avro rj100 . swiss originally placed an order for 15 of the cs100 variant and 15 of the cs300 aircraft .
mauritania airlines international boeing 737 - 8 max 8 5t - clj ( msn 64299 ) bru ( karl cornil ) . image : 941029 .
edelweiss air currently really increases it’s fleet as the little more touristic and holiday jet like sister of swiss . they currently operate six a320s of which three are 16 years old and two 12 year olds ( from swiss ) and one that will be delivered this month .
many swiss media outlets are comparing the new logo to the last one used by swissair , which also featured a swiss cross in a tailfin - like shape .
i think the new intent to identify swiss as a swiss airline above everything else a bit of a joke , the name should give it away , not the old logo revamped , they have gone backwards in time and most of the employees are not even swiss , not even the ceo . how swiss is that .
discover the story behind our sweet thank - you − irresistibly fine swiss chocolate .
gallery : on board the swiss cs100 ' s stunning flight to st . moritz
iberia is an international air transport group that has been in the business since 1927 . the transport of passengers and freight is our main business , but not the only one . iberia also conducts aircraft maintenance of our own fleet and those of . . .
pessimism in international credit markets is unsettling equity investors , and vice versa . neither market has any ready answers or yet knows which way to turn
we provide professional travel services in english , russian and czech for international air travelling . we specialize in the sales of the airtickets and visa services to india . for further details please contact us at : 222 365 943 ( office ) 720 396 . . .
alternative airlines is an online travel agency bonded by the international air transport association ( iata ) . we specialise in finding the best available fares on the widest range of airlines and making them available to you online , with prices in the currency of your choice .
there is a new landmark court case on european air passenger rights . until now , airlines could claim . . .
flight awards cannot be used for air macau flights which have flight numbers above 9000 . ( more specifically , it is possible to submit an application , but a reply from air macau ' s reservation system will not be forthcoming . )
window view or extra legroom ? book your preferred seat in swiss economy in advance .
with swiss hotels , book at great prices and earn miles & more award miles .
, says marcus di laurenzio , project manager of the technical logbook project at swiss .
passengers with swiss are entitled to participate in the miles & more frequent flyer program .
although swiss has been busy replacing the airbus a340s with its factory - fresh boeing 777 - 300er jets – with a tenth now on order for delivery in 2018 – the airline will retain five a340s in its long - range international fleet .
miami international airport is using the latest technological advancements to make entering the united states quicker and easier . these automated solutions help travelers expedite the entry process .
tsa is partnering with u . s . customs and border protection ( cbp ) as well as u . s . air carriers as part of this initiative . certain frequent flyers from alaska airlines , american airlines , delta air lines , united airlines , us airways and certain members of cbp ' s trusted traveler programs , including global entry , sentri , and nexus who are u . s . citizens are eligible to participate .
1930 : service begins to atlanta . lack of mail contract forces suspension of passenger service . company renamed delta air corporation .
amid signs of a recovery in air travel , the launch of a new international airline on march 31st might look like a welcome sign of an industry getting back to normal . unfortunately , the new carrier is heavily state - backed and is the re - branded rump of bankrupt swissair
how to get there ? by air , the nearest airport is sion , a little national airport , or geneva international airport . the easiest way to get to zermatt from any of the airports is via the excellent train / bus system . for prices and schedules , click here .
for the eu - 28 as a whole , there were 1 . 9 air passengers carried per inhabitant in 2016 . the united kingdom , the member state with the highest number of air passengers , reported 3 . 8 air passengers per inhabitant . relative to population size , the importance of air travel was particularly high for the holiday islands of malta and cyprus ( 11 . 2 and 10 . 5 air passengers carried per inhabitant in 2016 ) , as well as for iceland ( 20 . 3 passengers / inhabitant ) and norway ( 7 . 2 passengers / inhabitant ) . the lowest ratios were recorded for ten of the eastern and baltic member states , each reporting averages of less than 2 . 0 air passengers carried per inhabitant in 2016 .
airfreight division of swiss , established in 2002 . a member of the star alliance , t
there is a visitor’s parking area right next to the main entrance of the swiss building .
sit back , relax , and enjoy our swiss service and the selected products on board .
receive complimentary domestic and international travel insurance cover for you , your partner and employees holding supplementary cards when you use your card to pay for your travel arrangements .
amid signs of a recovery in air travel , the launch of a new international airline on march 31st may have looked like a welcome sign of an industry getting back to normal . unfortunately , the new carrier is heavily state - backed and is the re - branded rump of bankrupt swissair
for airpoints™ members travelling on a discounted business class ticket issued by swiss airlines , that includes travel in business class on a flight operated by air new zealand , please call the contact centre on 0800 737 000 after your flight to ensure you receive the correct amount of airpoints dollars and status points for your air new zealand leg of the journey .
note : total passengers carried ( arrivals and departures for national and international ) . the eu aggregate excludes the double - counting impact of passengers flying between eu countries .
swiss will also be offering swiss soccer fans numerous opportunities to go and experience the coming russia world cup . on behalf of travelclub , the official tour operator of the swiss football association , swiss will be providing a charter flight to rostov on sunday june 17 for switzerland’s first group game against brazil . swiss will also be increasing its capacities to moscow during the world cup tournament , including operating its flagship boeing 777 - 300er ( below ) on the route on selected days .
go straight for another 50 meters , then make a right turn into the swiss building area .
when you travel with swiss , most rates include 1 item of checked baggage in the price .
the delivery of our first flagship marks a new era in switzerland ' s aviation history , ” said harry hohmeister , ceo of swiss . “as of today our customers will enjoy a new dimension of air travel experience . ”
air macau airbus a320 - 232 b - mcb ( msn 5352 ) nrt ( michael b . ing ) . image : 940422 .
eva air airbus a330 - 302 b - 16340 ( msn 1806 ) nrt ( michael b . ing ) . image : 940415 .
air transport statistics concern national and international transport , as measured by the number of passengers carried ; information is collected for arrivals and departures . air passengers carried relate to all passengers on a particular flight , counted once only and not repeatedly on each individual stage of that flight . air passengers include all revenue and non - revenue passengers whose journeys begin or terminate at the reporting airport , as well as transfer passengers joining or leaving a flight at the reporting airport ; excluded are direct transit passengers . air transport statistics are collected monthly , quarterly and annually , although only the latter are presented in this article . air transport passenger statistics also include the number of commercial passenger flights , as well as information relating to individual routes and the number of seats available . annual data are available for most of the eu member states from 2003 onwards .