ingenia is a genus of marine nematode worms .

it belongs to a group that are mostly free-living and which feed on diatoms and other algaes .

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blaxter , m . l . , de ley , p . , garey , j . r . , liu , l . x . , scheldeman , p . , vierstraete , a . , vanfleteren , j . r . , mackey , l . y . , dorris , m . , frisse , l . m . , vida , j . t . & thomas , w . k . ( 1998 ) . a molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum nematoda . nature , 392 : 71 - 75 .
de ley , p . & blaxter , m . l . ( 2002 ) . systematic position and phylogeny . in : d . l . lee ( ed . ) the biology of nematodes . london , taylor and francis , pp . 1 - 30 .
de ley , p . & blaxter , m . l . ( in press ) . a new system for nematoda : combining morphological characters with molecular trees , and translating clades into ranks and taxa . nematology , - .
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felis chaus furax is a subspecies of the jungle cat .

in 1898 , the british zoologist william edward de winton examined the collection of jungle cat skins in the natural history museum and revised taxonomic assessments of the jungle cat group .

a single skin collected near jericho in 1864 prompted him to describe the new subspecies felis chaus furax as this skin was smaller than other egyptian jungle cat skins .

felis chaus furax

ogurlu , i . , e . gundogdu , i . yildirim . 2010 . population status of jungle cat ( felis chaus ) in egirdir lake , turkey .
to cite this page : fitzgerald , a . 2011 .
felis chaus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
mukherjee , s . , c . groves . 2007 . geographic variation in jungle cat ( felis chaus schreber , 1777 ) ( mammalia , carnivora , felidae ) body size : is competition responsible ? .
duckworth , j . , c . poole , r . tizard , j . walston , r . timmins . 2005 . the jungle cat felis chaus in indochina : a threatened population of a widespread and adaptable species .
duckworth , j . , r . steinmetz , j . sanderson , s . mukherjee . 2008 .
iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . felis chaus . accessed march 15 , 2010 at urltoken .
baker , m . , k . nassar , l . rifai , m . qarqaz , w . al - melhim , z . amr . 2003 . on the current status and distribution of the jungle cat , felis chaus , in jordan ( mammalia : carnivora ) .
mukherjee , s . , s . goyal , a . johnsingh , m . leite pitman . 2004 . the importance of rodents in the diet of juncle cat ( felis chaus ) , caracal ( caracal caracal ) and golden jackal ( canis aureus ) in sariska tiger reserve , rajasthan , india .
peters , g . , l . baum , m . peters , b . tonkin - leyhausen . 2008 . spectral characteristics of intense mew calls in cat species of the genus felis ( mammalia : carnivora : felidae ) .
scientific name : felis chaus common name : jungle cat , reed cat , swamp cat adult species ' characteristics : height at the shoulder : 14 - 15 inches ( 35 - 38 cm ) body length : ( body to nose ) : 20 - 30 inches ( 50 - 75 cm ) length of tail : 6 - 10 inches ( 15 - 25 cm ) weight : 9 - 35 lbs ( 4 - 16 kg ) diet : rodents , birds , hares , reptiles , amphibians , insects and small mammals . gestation period : 63 - 76 days age of maturity : 18 months breeding season : in central asia mating occurs during february and march . it has been suggested that they may breed twice a year . litter size : 1 - 6 average lifespan : 14 years predators : man
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
jungle cats have a wide ranging distribution that extends from egypt , israel , jordan , northern saudi arabia , syria , iraq , iran , to the shores of the caspian sea and the volga river delta , east through turkmenistan , uzbekistan , tadzhikistan , kazakhstan and to western xingjian , afghanistan , pakistan , nepal , india , sri lanka , myanmar , laos , thailand , cambodia , vietnam , and southwestern china .
jungle cats prefer habitats near water with dense vegetative cover but can be found in a variety of habitats including deserts ( where they are found near oases or along riverbeds ) , grasslands , shrubby woodlands and dry deciduous forests , as well as cleared areas in moist forests . they are commonly found in tall grass , thick brush , riverside swamps , and reed beds . they also adapt well to cultivated land and can be found in many different types of agriculture and forest plantations . jungle cats are known to occur at elevations of up to 2500 m , but are more common in lowlands .
(
international society for endangered cats
, 2001 ; nowell and jackson , 1996 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
jungle cats range in size from 70 to 120 cm long and 35 to 38 cm tall . they weigh from 4 to 16 kg . adult males are larger and heavier than adult females . throughout their range , significant variation in mass occurs . for example , in west israel , they weigh 43 % more than those in east india . this is likely due to increased competition between different cat species in the east . jungle cats have long , slim faces with white lines above and below their bright yellow eyes with a dark spot just below each eye near the nose . they have long rounded ears , with a distinctive tuft of hair at the tips . jungle cats have relatively short tails , about 1 / 3 of their total body length , which have several dark rings along its length and a black tip . their coat color varies from a reddish or sandy brown to tawny grey . black jungle cats are regularly seen in southeastern pakistan and india . kittens may be striped and spotted , however , these markings typically fade with age and are only retained on the fore and hindlimbs . the muzzle , throat , and belly of the jungle cat are a pale cream color , and their winter coat is darker and denser than their summer coat .
jungle cat mating season is marked by the shrieks and fighting of male cats . vocalization rates of males and females increases prior to copulation . intense mew calls are used by both genders to attract potential mates . they also scent mark territorial boundaries , which may help them find and locate potential mates . male and female jungle cats may have multiple different mates throughout their lives .
( mukherjee , 2008 ; peters , et al . , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
jungle cats breed twice a year and produce litters of 3 to 6 kittens . breeding season varies regionally and gestation lasts between 63 and 66 days . kittens are quite large at birth ( 136 g ) and gain weight at a rate of about 22 g per day . kittens nurse until they are about 90 days old , but begin to eat solid food around day 49 . they are not completely weaned until 15 weeks old . jungle cats are independent by 8 to 9 months of age and reach sexual maturity at 11 to 18 months of age .
jungle cats live in families consisting of mother , father , and offspring while cubs are being reared . paternal investment is limited to territorial defense while mothers provide cubs with food via nursing . young jungle cats develop predatory skills rapidly and are able to stalk , kill , and eat their own prey by 6 months old . at 8 to 9 months old , although only half the size of a mature adult , they are independent .
in captivity , jungle cats live an average of 15 years , but have been known to live up to 20 years . lifespan in the wild ranges from 12 to 14 years .
( mukherjee , 2008 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; weigl , 2005 )
except for breeding season , jungle cats live solitary lives . they are most active at night , but are not strictly nocturnal . they are more often seen at dusk and travel approximately 5 to 6 km per night . they typically rest in dense cover during the day but often sunbathe on cold winter days . unlike most cat species , jungle cats have an affinity for water and are proficient swimmers that will dive into water to catch fish with their mouths .
( mukherjee , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 ; taber , et al . , 1967 )
jungle cats have home ranges of 45 to 180 km ^ 2 , which they likely maintain via indirect means such as scent marking .
( ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
jungle cats are solitary animals outside of mating season , however , family groups ( male , female , and cubs ) are not uncommon . vocal communication consists of meowing , chirping , purring , gurgling , growling , hissing , and barking . these noises have not been significantly studied , therefore , their meanings are not well understood . jungle cats also communicate via scent marking and cheek rubbing . like most felids , they use urine to scent mark their territory , which may help individuals avoid unwanted confrontation . when cats cheek rub , they leave saliva , which serves as a scent marker for other cats . they also cheek rub against scent markings to
pick up
scents , and males often cheek rub females that are in estrus .
( mellen , 1993 ; mukherjee and groves , 2007 ; nowell and jackson , 1996 ; peters , et al . , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
jungle cats primarily prey on animals that weigh less than 1 kg and commonly consume rodents , lizards , snakes , frogs , birds , hare , fish , insects , livestock , and even fruit during the winter . rodents are its primary prey item , however , which provides up to 70 % of its daily energy intake . although they specialize on small prey , jungle cats have been known to kill wild pigs (
( baker , et al . , 2003 ; duckworth , et al . , 2008 ; mukherjee , et al . , 2004 ; mukherjee , 2008 )
as cubs , jungle cat have markings that help camouflage them from potential predators . although they may sometimes fall prey to large snakes (
) . they are often treated as pests and hunted or poisoned by farmers for attacking poultry . india formerly exported large numbers of jungle cat skins before they came under legal protection in 1976 , however , illegal trade continues to this day .
( baker , et al . , 2003 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
little is known of the ecological role that jungle cats play in their ecosystem . however , they primarily prey upon small rodents , which often carry parasites , and are known to eat a variety of other small prey items . in the wild , jungle cats are hosts for mites (
( hoogstraal and trapido , 1963 ; hoogstraal , et al . , 1963 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; silva , et al . , 2001 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
jungle cats feed primarily on rodents , which provide up to 70 % of the cats daily energy intake . they are often spotted hunting near villages and farms where rodent populations tend to be higher and are sometimes viewed as pests themselves .
jungle cats can negatively impact poultry farm owners . as a result , jungle cats are often hunted and poisoned by farmers for attacking poultry .
( mukherjee , 2008 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )
habitat destruction and persecution by humans are the main threats to jungle cats . as the human population increases , more land is cultivated and jungle cats ' natural habitat is converted to farmland . although they are very adaptable , these altered environments do not support the same density of cats . in addition , farmers often hunt and poison jungle cats for attacking and killing poultry and are also poached for their fur . although laws have been implemented to protect them , illegal trade still continues in many countries . for example , over the last decade more than 3 , 000 jungle cat skins have been seized across the globe . currently , jungle cats are considered as a species of
least concern
by the iucn , however , population numbers are currently declining .
amber fitzgerald ( author ) , radford university , karen powers ( editor ) , radford university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
in deserts low ( less than 30 cm per year ) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity . vegetation is typically sparse , though spectacular blooms may occur following rain . deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate . in dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry . this is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants . in dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil . salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
the area of shoreline influenced mainly by the tides , between the highest and lowest reaches of the tide . an aquatic habitat .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
this terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains , either without vegetation or covered by low , tundra - like vegetation .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
found in the oriental region of the world . in other words , india and southeast asia .
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
referring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody ( usually , but not always , a river or stream ) .
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
international society for endangered cats ( isec ) canada . 2001 .
international society for endangered cats
( on - line ) . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .
byers , a . 1996 . historical and contemporary human disturbance in the upper barun valley , makalu - barun .
chandrasekar - rao , a . , m . sunquist . 1996 . ecology of small mammals in tropical forest habitats of southern india .
christiansen , p . , s . wroe . 2007 . bite forces and evolutionary adaptations to feeding ecology in carnivores .
dayan , t . , d . simberloff , e . tchernov , y . yom - tov . 1990 . feline canines : community - wide character displacement among the small cats of israel .
hoogstraal , h . , h . trapido . 1963 . haemaphysalis silvafelis sp . n . , a parasite of the jungle cat in southern india ( ixodoidea , ixodidae ) .
hoogstraal , h . , h . trapido , m . rebello . 1963 . haemaphysalis paraturturis sp . n . , a carnivore parasite of the h . turturis group in india ( ixodoidea , ixodidae ) .
mellen , j . 1993 . a comparative analysis of scent - marking , social and reproductive behavior in 20 species of .
rabinowitz , a . , s . walker . 1991 . the carnivore community in a dry tropical forest mosaic in huai kha khaeng wildlife .
silva , j . , s . ogassawara , m . marvulo , j . ferreira - neto , j . dubey . 2001 . toxoplasma gondii antibodies in exotic wild felids from brazilian zoos .
taber , r . , a . sheri , m . ahmad . 1967 . mammals of the lyallpur region , west pakistan .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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paludinella minima is a species of minute salt marsh snail with an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family assimineidae .

this species is endemic to japan .

paludinella minima

choose one > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hseka . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekb . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekc . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekd . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hseke . 1 > paludinella kuzuuensis > paludinella minima all lower taxonomy nodes ( 7 )
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aroga rigidae is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from washington .

the larvae feed on artemisia rigida .

aroga rigidae

clarke ( 1942 ) stated
the genitalia of this species most closely resemble those of aroga rigidae .
gelechia rigidae clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 249 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , rock lake
aroga temporariella sattler , 1960 ; rev . fr . ent . 27 : 236
aroga mesostrota ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 120
aroga argutiola hodges , 1974 ; can . ent . 106 ( 9 ) : 987 ; tl : michigan , alcona co .
aroga atraphaxi bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 301 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1100m
aroga panchuli bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1400m
aroga balcanicola huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 160 , 32 ; tl : maced . occ . drenovo bei kavadar
aroga mesostrepta ; [ nhm card ] ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
aroga alleriella busck , 1940 ; bull . s . calif . acad . sci . 39 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : alabama , mobile
aroga controvalva li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 87 , 89 ; tl : chengcheng , shaanxi , 1000m
aroga danfengensis li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 85 , 89 ; tl : danfeng , shaanxi , 680m
aroga gozmanyi park , 1991 ; ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 117 ; tl : mt kumgang , kangweon prov . , korea
aroga epigaeella ; [ nacl ] , # 2189 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 21
aroga flavicomella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ me3 ] , 157 , 32 ; [ fe ]
aroga websteri clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 273 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 5c , pl . 32 , f . 15 ; tl : pullman , washington
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gelechia acharnaea meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , alpine , 7000ft
seu , turkey , urals , iran , turkmenia , . . . . see [ maps ]
larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302
gelechia camptogramma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 58
gelechia chlorocrana meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , forestburg
gelechia eldorada keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 240
= gelechia trialbamaculella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 858
gelechia eriogonella clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 247 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , pullman
korea , seu , s . russia , irkutsk , buryatia , kazakhstan . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . cerasus [ me3 ] , 158
gelechia leucanieella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 180 ; tl : san diego , california
gelechia morenella busck , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 7 ) : 317 ; tl : morena and pine valley , san diego , california
larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303
gelechia paraplutella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 181 ; tl : san diego , california
gelechia paulella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona ; colorado
gelechia trialbamaculella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 250
gelechia unifasciella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona , williams
gelechia xyloglypta meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 22 ; tl : california , venice
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
studien über die lepidopterenfauna der balkanländer . iii . teil . sammelergebnisse aus montenegro , albanien , mazedonien und thrazien
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
clarke ( 1942 ) stated
this species is named in honor of my friend and former professor . dr . r . l . webster , head of the department of zoology , washington state college . :
clarke , j . f . g . , 1942 . notes and new species of microlepidoptera from washington state . proceedings of the united states national museum 92 : 273 ; pl . 29 , figs 5 - 5c ; pl . 32 , fig . 15 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 6 april , 2014 - 8 : 43am last updated 6 april , 2014 - 10 : 43am
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send mail to wvdvorst @ urltoken with questions or comments about this web site . copyright © 2015 urltoken lepidoptera of the world last modified : 01 - 03 - 15
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joculator hedleyi is a species of minute sea snails , marine gastropod molluscs in the family cerithiopsidae .

it was described by laseron in 1951 .

joculator hedleyi

species joculator ridicula accepted as joculator ridiculus ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( incorrect gender ending )
species joculator turriger ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as horologica turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
species joculator turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as horologica turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
cerithiopsis ridicula r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as joculator ridiculus ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( type by original designation )
comparison : this is close to joculator gracilis but is much smaller . the figured specimen is 4½ whorls while the figured specimen of j . gracilis is 6 whorls , and one might consider this to be a smaller specimen of j . gracilis . but the spire is more strongly convex , so i follow laseron and leave it as a separate species .
marshall b . ( 1978 ) . cerithiopsidae of new zealand , and a provisional classification of the family . new zealand journal of zoology 5 ( 1 ) : 47 - 120 . , available online at urltoken ; = pa47 [ details ]
description ( based on syntypes ) : shell small for the family , spire strongly convex , last whorl constricted , greatest width at penultimate whorl . protoconch unknown ( broken on all syntypes ) . teleoconch of up to 4½ nearly straight sided whorls with impressed suture ; whorls with 3 spiral cords crossed by weaker axial ribs , forming strong nodules at intersections . last whorl with undulating , unbeaded cord level with top of aperture ; base weakly concave with a weaker broad , low spiral cord . outer lip of aperture expanded , thin ; inner lip heavily calloused . anterior canal a deep u - shaped notch . colour mid - brown .
distribution : syntypes from carss park , kogarah bay , sydney , nsw , from dredge spoil . no other specimens available .
fig . 1 : carss park , kogarah bay , sydney , nsw from dredge spoil . ( c . 102708 syntype )
description : shell small for the family , spire strongly convex , last whorl constricted , greatest width at penultimate whorl . protoconch of 4 whorls , smooth . teleoconch of up to 6 nearly straight sided whorls with impressed suture ; whorls with 3 spiral cords crossed by weaker axial ribs , forming strong nodules at intersections . last whorl with undulating , unbeaded cord level with top of aperture ; base weakly concave with a weaker broad , low spiral cord . outer lip of aperture expanded , thin ; inner lip heavily calloused . anterior canal a deep u - shaped notch . colour mid - brown .
distribution : syntypes from dolls point , georges river , nsw , in 8 fathoms ( 14 m ) . additional material available ( 7 lots ) : dolls point , georges river ; little coogee bay ; off nelson head 15 - 18 m ; bottle & glass rocks , sydney harbour ; off bottle & glass rocks ; south west of solitary is . in 15 m ; queenscliffe , port phillip , victoria
habitat : shallow subtidal . laseron ( 1951 ) reported it as
not uncommon
.
fig . 1 : dolls point , georges river , sydney . ( c . 102701 syntype 1 , protoconch broken )
fig . 2 : dolls point , georges river , sydney . ( c . 102701 syntype 2 ) protoconch
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pterocaesio is a genus of fusiliers found in the indian and pacific oceans , with these currently recognized species : pterocaesio capricornis j. l. b. smith & m. m. smith , 1963 ( capricorn fusilier ) pterocaesio chrysozona ( g. cuvier , 1830 ) ( goldband fusilier ) pterocaesio digramma ( bleeker , 1864 ) ( double-lined fusilier ) pterocaesio flavifasciata g. r. allen & erdmann , 2006 ( yellowstripe fusilier ) pterocaesio lativittata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( wide-band fusilier ) pterocaesio marri l. p. schultz , 1953 ( marr 's fusilier ) pterocaesio monikae g. r. allen & erdmann , 2008 pterocaesio pisang ( bleeker , 1853 ) ( banana fusilier ) pterocaesio randalli k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( randall 's fusilier ) pterocaesio tessellata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( one-stripe fusilier ) pterocaesio tile ( g. cuvier , 1830 ) ( dark-banded fusilier ) pterocaesio trilineata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( three-stripe fusilier )

pterocaesio

pterocaesio digramma is heavily exploited throughout parts of its range ( carpenter 2001 ) .
justification : pterocaesio digramma is widely distributed in the indo - west pacific to depths of up to 50 m . it is a coastal species that primarily occurs around reefs . pterocaesio digramma is a popular food fish and is heavily exploited in parts of its range . however , it is inferred that where fishing pressure is low , stable populations remain . therefore , p . digramma is listed least concern .
pterocaesio digramma ranges from indonesia , western australia and new caledonia to southern japan ( carpenter 1987 ) . it has also been reported from norfolk island ( francis 1991 ) and tonga ( randall et al . 2003 ) . the occurrence reported from réunion ( hureau 1991 ) is most likely a mis - identification pterocaesio marriof . the depth range for this species is zero to 50 m ( carpenter 1987 ) .
double - lined fusiliers , pterocaesio digramma , being attended by a common cleanerfish , labroides dimidiatus , near vlaming head , north west cape , western australia , december 2017 . source : kristin anderson / inaturalist . org . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial
western pacific : indonesia and western australia to new caledonia , north to southern japan . recently reported from norfolk island ( ref . 8881 ) and tonga ( ref . 53797 ) . report from réunion ( ref . 4517 ) is probably a misidentification of pterocaesio marri .
ranges widely around coral reefs ( ref . 58652 ) , sometimes forming schools with other pterocaesio species . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . also caught mostly by drive - in nets . important tuna baitfish .
pterocaesio digramma is a coastal species and primarily occurs around coral reefs ( carpenter 1988 ) . this species is a group spawner ( yokoyama et al . 1994 ) and feeds on zooplankton in large midwater aggregations . the maximum recorded length of this species is 30 cm tl ( carpenter 1988 ) .
pterocaesio digramma is a moderately important food fish and has traditionally been one of the most popular caesionids in philippines food markets . it is caught by drive - in nets , gill nets , and traps ( carpenter 1988 ) and is sold fresh or dried salted ( carpenter 2001 ) . this species is also caught during blast fishing .
pterocaesio digramma was one of the most abundant species in surveys conducted off papua new guinea with this species comprising ~ 18 - 27 % of the total fish count at five of the 50 sites surveyed ( allen et al . 2000 ) . pterocaesio digramma was also one of the most abundant species in a survey conducted off northern taiwan at various artificial reef sites with 400 individuals recorded from three sites ( jan et al . 2003 ) . pterocaesio digramma comprised 0 . 94 % of the catch composition of multiple hook and line in lagonoy gulf ( july 1997 - june 2002 ) ( olaño et al . 2009 ) . in the philippines , this species was previously encountered regularly , both underwater and in fish markets . pterocaesio digramma , and other caesionids , have been heavily over - exploited in the philippines and presently are rarely encountered ( k . carpenter pers . comm . 2015 ) . local populations of caesionids are easily reduced significantly due to fishing pressure ( alcala and russ 1990 ) . however , localities of relatively high abundance remain in some areas . in the solomon islands , this species is rarely seen but it is common ( allen 2006 ) . surveys around the populous islands of the solomons showed a mean density of 165 . 9 / ha and surveys around the remote islands showed a mean density of 15 . 2 / ha ( a . green unpublished data ) . mean density from raja ampat was shown to be 267 . 7 / ha ( a . green unpublished data ) .
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fao species catalogue . vol . 8 . fusilier fishes of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date
prepared by kent e . carpenter mariculture and fisheries department kuwait institute for scientific research p . o . box 1638 salmiya 22017 kuwait
the designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations concerning the legal status of any country , territory , city or area or of its authorities , or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries .
all rights reserved . reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non - commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged . reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders . applications for such permission should be addressed to the chief , publishing and multimedia service , information division , fao , viale delle terme di caracalla , 00100 rome , italy or by email to copyright @ urltoken
this is the eighth in the fao series of worldwide annotated and illustrated catalogues of major groups of organisms that enter marine fisheries . the present volume includes 20 caesionid species belonging to 4 genera . it provides comprehensive , illustrated keys and a glossary of technical terms and measurements . individual accounts of species include drawings , scientific and vernacular names , information on habitat , biology and fisheries , and a distribution map . lists of nominal species in the family and of valid species by major marine fishing areas follow the species accounts . the work is fully indexed and there is ample reference to pertinent literature .
greek , pteron = wing , fin + latin , caesius = blue grey ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 0 - 50 m ( ref . 402 ) . tropical ; 30°n - 24°s , 97°e - 171°e ( ref . 402 )
maturity : l m 21 . 3 range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 12 . body blue to greenish dorsally , white ventrally . with two thin yellow to orange lines ; lower line mostly just below lateral line . black tips on caudal fin ( ref . 48636 ) . 4 - 5 scales on cheek ; 24 - 31 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins . upper peduncular scale rows usually 12 or 13 ( 11 - 14 ) ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 16 or 17 ( 16 - 18 ) . a broad process on ventrolateral surface of basioccipital for attachment of baudelot ' s ligament , extending ventrally beyond a horizontal with condyle ' s rim , adjacent to condyle . post maxillary with 2 processes ; posterior end of maxilla tapered ( ref . 1723 ) . head length 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 in sl ; body depth 3 . 5 - 4 . 1 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .
found in coastal areas , primarily around coral reefs ( ref . 402 ) , turning bright red ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton in midwater aggregations ( ref . 402 ) . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) .
mating behavior observed from an aquarium include six distinguishable patterns : 1 ) up and down swimming ; 2 ) courtship ; 3 ) rushing ; 4 ) pair spawning ; 5 ) sperm release by sneakers ; and 6 ) post spawning ( ref . 37529 ) . at nearly sunset , the usual quiet pack of fish give way to spawners swimming at the surface . a male selects a female and initiates pecking and pushing of the female ' s abdomen with his snout . at the rushing stage , the male pushed the female forward , and the couple began to swim in a semicircle in short bursts while other 10 - 15 sneakers within the school joined in . the initial couple then released eggs and sperm at the surface with their abdomens facing one another . some of the leading sneakers may also release sperm at the same spot where the initial couple spawned . after spawning , the pair with the sneakers return to the school ( ref . 37529 ) .
carpenter , k . e . , 1987 . revision of the indo - pacific fish family caesionidae ( lutjanoidea ) , with descriptions of five new species . indo - pac . fish . ( 15 ) : 56 p . ( ref . 1723 )
) : 24 . 7 - 29 , mean 28 ( based on 702 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5002 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01148 ( 0 . 00624 - 0 . 02112 ) , b = 3 . 16 ( 3 . 00 - 3 . 32 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 48 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 2 - 3 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 31 of 100 ) .
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 0 - 50 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical ; 0°s - 15°s , 68°e - 154°e ( ref . 402 )
indian ocean : chagos archipelago to christmas and cocos - keeling islands . western central pacific : papua new guinea , philippines ( ref . 43437 , 53416 , 57038 , 59110 ) . reports from the comoros in western indian ocean ( ref . 4517 ) is being confirmed .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 23 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 90102 ) ; common length : 11 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 12 - 13 . body bluish or reddish dorsally , lighter ventrally . 4 - 5 cheek scales ; 23 - 30 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins ; confluent supra - temporal band of scales at dorsal midline . upper peduncular scale rows 12 - 14 ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 16 - 17 ( 15 - 17 ) . post maxillary processes 2 ; posterior end of maxilla tapered . a small flat process on either side of ventrolateral surface of basioccipital , projection not ventrally far from ventral rim of condyle ( ref . 1723 ) . caudal fin lobes with dark tips . head length 3 . 1 - 3 . 7 in sl ; body depth 4 . 1 - 5 . 3 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .
inhabits coastal , lagoon , and seaward areas around coral reefs ( ref . 90102 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . maximum length observed in the field estimated at about 20 - 25 cm tl ( ref . 74965 ) .
) : 27 . 2 - 29 , mean 27 . 9 ( based on 128 cells ) .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01072 ( 0 . 00465 - 0 . 02469 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 45 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 19 of 100 ) .
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marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 1 - 30 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical ; 23°n - 20°s , 72°e - 171°e ( ref . 402 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 25 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 ) ; common length : 18 . 5 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 13 .
inhabits clear coastal to outer reef slopes or drop - offs ( ref . 48636 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . caught mainly by drive - in - nets .
) : 27 . 7 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 8 ( based on 2058 cells ) .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01318 ( 0 . 00704 - 0 . 02469 ) , b = 3 . 16 ( 3 . 00 - 3 . 32 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 20 of 100 ) .
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 1 - 100 m ( ref . 37816 ) . tropical ; 30°n - 32°s , 32°e - 178°w ( ref . 402 )
indo - west pacific : east africa ( excluding the red sea and arabian ( persian ) gulf ) eastward to fiji . reported from the ryukyu islands ( ref . 559 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 21 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 ) ; common length : 13 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 13 . variable body coloration , dark red to silvery , paler ventrally with lateral line darker ; often yellowish snout and eyes . caudal fin tips distinctly black or reddish black ( ref . 48636 ) . 4 - 5 scales on cheek ; 21 - 29 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins . upper peduncular scale rows usually 11 ( 10 - 12 ) ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 15 ( 13 - 17 ) . ventrolateral surface of basioccipital with a broad process for attachment of baudelot ' s ligament . post maxillary with 2 processes ; posterior end of maxilla tapered ( ref . 1723 ) . head length 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 in sl ; body depth 3 . 6 - 4 . 8 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .
) : 25 . 9 - 28 . 4 , mean 27 . 5 ( based on 310 cells ) .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00546 - 0 . 01831 ) , b = 3 . 11 ( 2 . 95 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( k = 1 . 05 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 14 of 100 ) .
description ranges widely around coral reefs . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . also caught by drive - in nets . forms large . . .
description ranges widely around coral reefs . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . also caught by drive - in nets . forms large schools . [ details ]
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of caesio cylindricus günther , 1859 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caesio multiradiatus steindachner , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caesio tile cuvier , 1830 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of caesio tile cuvier , 1830 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of caesio tricolor cuvier , 1830 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of clupeolabrus dubius nichols , 1923 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hong kong marine fish database . afcd . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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bleeker , p . 1864 . atlas ichtyologique des indes orientales néêrlandaises . publie sous les auspices du gouvernement colonial néèlandaises . amsterdam .
russell , b . , myers , r . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , carpenter , k . e . & lawrence , a .
australia ; brunei darussalam ; cambodia ; china ; disputed territory ( paracel is . , spratly is . ) ; indonesia ; japan ; korea , republic of ; malaysia ; new caledonia ; norfolk island ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; singapore ; solomon islands ; taiwan , province of china ; thailand ; timor - leste ; tonga ; vanuatu ; viet nam
there are no species - specific conservation efforts in place for p . digramma ; however , the range for this species overlaps with marine protected areas ( iucn and unep 2014 ) such as the great barrier reef marine park and the togian islands marine protected areas in indonesia .
russell , b . , myers , r . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , carpenter , k . e . & lawrence , a . 2016 .
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the doubleline fusilier is a slender species that is usually seen swimming in schools well above the bottom .
the doubleline fusilier can usually be recognised by its colouration . during the day it is blue to green dorsally , white ventrally and has black caudal fin tips . at night the colouration changes to that seen in the lower image .
there are always two yellow stripes running along the sides of the body . the upper stripe runs from the nape to the caudal peduncle , following the dorsal body profile . the lower stripe follows the lateral line from the eye to the caudal fin base .
it is often listed in publications as p . diagramma ( with an ' a ' as the third letter ) . this spelling is incorrect .
the species is recorded from indonesia to new caledonia and north to southern japan . in australia it occurs off central to north - western western australia and from northern queensland to the central coast of new south wales .
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . source : atlas of living australia .
allen , g . r . 1997 . marine fishes of tropical australia and south - east asia . western australian museum . pp . 292 .
allen , g . r . & r . swainston . 1988 . the marine fishes of north - western australia . a field guide for anglers and divers . western australian museum . pp . 201 .
carpenter , k . e . 1988 . fao species catalog . vol . 8 . fusilier fishes of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date . fao fish . synop . no . 125 : i - iv + 1 - 75 .
ranges widely around coral reefs . juveniles occasionally appear in large numbers in shallow lagoons and on reef flats ( ref . 9710 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . also caught by drive - in nets . tuna baitfish .
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found in coastal areas , primarily around coral reefs ( ref . 402 ) , turning bright red ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton in midwater aggregations ( ref . 402 ) . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) .


garrha brachytricha is a moth in the oecophoridae family .

it was described by turner in 1927 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from tasmania .

the forewings are ochreous-pink , inclining to pale brick-red .

garrha brachytricha

this is the place for brachytricha definition . you find here brachytricha meaning , synonyms of brachytricha and images for brachytricha copyright 2017 © urltoken
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machimia brachytricha turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 147
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turner , a . j . 1927 ,
new and little known tasmanian lepidoptera . part ii
, papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania , vol . 1926 , pp . 119 - 164
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 904134ab - c62d - 4a02 - 8abb - c7948b287a0c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 38dd9672 - b7c5 - 4b8a - 9c3c - a76eb14a7b7f
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heliocausta achroa turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
heliocausta acosmeta turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
machimia agglomerata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 375
machimia alma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : victoria , gisborne
machimia amata meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 175 ; tl : west australia , waroona
heliocausta arrhodea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
hoplitica atripunctatella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
australia ( victoria , s . australia , e . australia ) . see [ maps ]
hoplitica cholodella meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 507
machimia coccinea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 59
hoplitica costimacula meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 502
machimia cylicotypa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111
machimia defessa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 376
euryplaca demotica meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 489
hoplitica eugramma lower , 1894 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 18 : 93
cryptopeges icasta turner , 1941 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 66 : 406
heliocausta idiosema turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
machimia interjecta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 116
hoplitica leucerythra meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 501
heliocausta limbata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 471
machimia mesogaea turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371
hoplitica metriopis meyrick , 1888 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) : 941
machimia micromita turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 107
machimia mitescens meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : queensland , townsville
euryplaca ocellifera meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 488
machimia ochra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 109
coesyra paraderces meyrick , 1889 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 3 : 1659
machimia phaeoporphyra turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
machimia phoenopis turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; queensland , brisbane ; mt tambourine ; toowoomba
machimia platyporphyra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111 ( emend . )
hoplitica pseudota lower , 1901 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 25 ( 2 ) : 85
machimia pyrrhopasta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 114
machimia rubella turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
hoplitica rufa meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 504
machimia rufescens turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
hoplitica rufimaculella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
hoplitica sericata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 497
heliocausta spatiosa meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 387
machimia submissa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
machimia umbratica turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
coesyra zonostola meyrick , 1884 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 9 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) : 772
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
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descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . xi & xii . oecophoridae - ( continued )
zeller , 1855 nachtrag zu den im 9ten bande bescriebenen arten ds genus cryptolechia linn . ent . 10 : 145 - 168
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the grey-eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) is a species of bird in the family vireonidae .

it is found in bolivia and brazil .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest .

grey - eyed greenlet

gray - eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) , photographed in afonso cláudio , espírito santo - southeast of brazil . atlantic forest biome .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) .
map edited : shaded the two disyunct populations in beni ( bolivia ) and w mato grosso ( brazil ) . eoo updated .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22705276a118694105 .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : hylophilus amaurocephalus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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' vite - vite - de - olho - cinza ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) fotografado em afonso claudio , espírito santo - sudeste do brasil . bioma mata atlântica . registr


noctueliopsis virula is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by barnes and mcdunnough in 1918 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california and nevada .

the length of the forewings is 5 – 6 mm .

the forewings are olivaceous brown with a slight ruddy tinge .

there is a white shade at the base above the inner margin .

the lines are black .

the hindwings are pure white with faint brown terminal dots in males .

the hindwings of the females have a brown terminal line .

adults are on wing from march to april and in june .

noctueliopsis virula

the original description as noctuelia virula barnes & mcdunnough is available online in the print references below .
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 3m ; p . 171 . book review and ordering
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barnes & mcdunnough 1918 . contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america , 4 : 168 , pl . 23 , fig . 9 .
munroe , e . g . 1961 : synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . – memoirs of the entomological society of canada , ottawa 93 ( 24 ) : 49 .
powell , j . a . , & p . a . opler 2009 . moths of western north america . p . 171 , pl . 22 . 3 .
synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) eugene g . munroe . 1961 . memoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 20 october , 2011 - 11 : 38pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 17 may , 2016 - 7 : 53pm
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memoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 , 1961
contributed by maury j . heiman on 22 april , 2013 - 12 : 29pm
kearfott , w . d . 1909 . descriptions of new species of north american crambid moths . proceedings of the united states national museum 35 : 367 - 393 .
a generic revision of the aquatic moths of north america : ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , nymphulinae ) .
solis m . a . , 2009 . transfer of all western hemisphere cybalomiinae to other subfamilies ( crambidae pyraloidea : lepidoptera ) : elusia schaus , dichochroma forbes , schacontia dyar , cybalomia extorris warren , and c . lojanalis ( dognin ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington . 111 : 493–504 download at researchgate here
studies on the crambidae ( lepidoptera ) . part 41 . on some tropical crambidae with descriptions of new genera and species .
nacoleia charesalis ( walker , 1859 ) ( pyraloidea : crambidae : spilomelinae ) is a medium - sized brown moth with a native range from the southeast asian tropics to northern australia . it was first detected in southern florida , usa , in 2012 and known to be spreading rapidly northward . it resembles some native north american pyraustine species . this paper summarizes its current distribution , diagnostic characters and known behavior . download pdf here
description of last - instar larvae of 22 species of north american spilomelini ( lepidoptera : pyralidae : pyraustinae ) . . .
description of last - instar larvae of 22 species of north american spilomelini ( lepidoptera : pyralidae : pyraustinae ) with a key to species . abstract and access
contributed by maury j . heiman on 11 june , 2013 - 3 : 18pm
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bucculatrix parvinotata is a moth in the bucculatricidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona and new mexico .

the wingspan is 11 mm .

the forewings are white with black scales .

the hindwings are ocherous tinged .

adults have been recorded on wing in july .

bucculatrix parvinotata

bucculatrix brunnella sp . n . ( lepidoptera , bucculatricidae ) from sicily and sardinia
bucculatrix mirnae ( h . a . vargas & g . r . p . moreira , 2012 )
most authors recognize just a single large genus , bucculatrix , although two australian species , cryphioxena notosema and the scribbly gum moth ( ogmograptis scribula ) are sometimes placed in this family rather than in elachistidae .
most authors recognize just a single large genus , bucculatrix , although two australian species , cryphioxena notosema and the scribbly gum moth ( ogmograptis scribula ) are sometimes placed in this family rather than in elachistidae .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
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all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
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bucculatricidae or ( bucculatrigidae ) is a family of moths . this small family has representatives in all parts of the world . some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family lyonetiidae .
adults of this family are easily overlooked , being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest . when small , the larvae are leaf - miners , forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves . when larger , they usually feed on the leaves externally . many species have specific host plants . the pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges , leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers .
bucculatricidae or ( bucculatrigidae ) is a family of moths . this small family has representatives in all parts of the world . some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family lyonetiidae .
adults of this family are easily overlooked , being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest . when small , the larvae are leaf - miners , forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves . when larger , they usually feed on the leaves externally . many species have specific host plants . the pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges , leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers .
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