palatobaena is an extinct genus of baenid turtle .

it was first named by gaffney in 1972 and the type species is palatobaena bairdi .

it based on a fragmentary skull from the fort union formation of the bighorn basin of wyoming .

the two other species are p. gaffneyi ( a complete skull from eocene ( wasatchian north american land mammal age ) ) and p. cohen which existed in hell creek formation , north dakota during the late cretaceous period ( maastrichtian age ) .

palatobaena

belongs to palatobaena according to j . d . archibald and j . h . hutchison 1979
revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) with the description of a new species ( postilla ) : j . david archibald : urltoken books
revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) with the description of a new species ( postilla ) : urltoken j . david archibald : books
full reference : j . d . archibald and j . h . hutchison . 1979 . revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) , with the description of a new species . postilla 177 : 1 - 19
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type specimen : ucmp 114529 , a skull ( complete skull lacking right orbital region , sutures not co - ossified , slightly distorted ) . its type locality is upper meniscotherium , which is in a wasatchian fluvial sandstone in the wasatch formation of wyoming .
full reference : e . s . gaffney . 1972 . the systematics of the north american family baenidae ( reptilia , cryptodira ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 147 ( 5 ) : 245 - 312
parent taxon : palatobaeninae according to t . r . lyson et al . 2016
see also archibald and hutchison 1979 , bryant 1989 , carroll 1988 , estes 1976 , gaffney 1972 , holroyd et al . 2001 , holroyd and hutchison 2002 , hutchison 1992 , hutchison and holroyd 2003 , lyson and joyce 2010 and lyson and joyce 2011
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new haven , conn . : peabody museum of natural history , [ 1950 ? ] - c2004 .
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the salamandroidea are a suborder of salamanders , referred to as advanced salamanders .

the members of the suborder are found worldwide except for antarctica , sub-saharan africa , and oceania .

they differ from suborder cryptobranchoidea as the angular and prearticular bones in their lower jaws are fused , and all members use internal fertilization .

the female is fertilized by means of a spermatophore , a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in her cloaca .

the sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition .

the earliest known salamandroid fossils are specimens of the species beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the tiaojishan formation , dated to the late jurassic period about 157 ( plus or minus 3 ) million years ago .

salamandroidea

fossils , molecules , divergence times , and the origin of salamandroidea . - pubmed - ncbi
salamandroidea is known as the salamander family , and first appeared about 160 million years ago .
what made you want to look up salamandroidea ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
suborder salamandroidea fertilization internal ; angular bone fused with prearticular bone in lower jaw ; 2 pairs of limbs ; external gills in a few species that remain permanently aquatic ; aquatic , semiaquatic , and terrestrial . family ambystomatidae ( mole salamanders ) small to moderate size , to 35 cm ; usually with well - developed lungs ; …
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proc natl acad sci u s a . 2012 apr 10 ; 109 ( 15 ) : 5557 - 8 . doi : 10 . 1073 / pnas . 1202491109 . epub 2012 mar 28 .
department of comparative biology and experimental medicine , university of calgary , calgary , ab , canada t2n 4n1 . janders @ urltoken
pmid : 22460794 pmcid : pmc3326514 doi : 10 . 1073 / pnas . 1202491109
stratigraphic column from the mid - mesozoic to recent , showing the impact of the new fossil salamander published in pnas ( ) . the blue bar represents the estimate of salamandroid divergence from yang and rannala ( ) , and the red bar represents that from zhang et al . ( ) . “a” is the stratigraphic placement of the stem salamander kokartus ; “b1” the age of chunerpeton used in reisz and müller ( ) and roelants ( ) ; “b2” the age of chunerpeton used by zhang et al . ( ) ; “c” the new fossil salamandroid ; and “d” the previously oldest known salamandroid valdotriton . the new salamandroid extends their known range by 40 myr ( dashed red line ) , placing it older than an estimate made from the fossil record ( ) . the impact of changing hypotheses of taxonomic or stratigraphic placement is also demonstrated ; the different age interpretations for chunerpeton has a 17 - myr impact on the divergence estimate as read from the fossil record ( dashed line ) .
proc natl acad sci u s a . 2012 apr 10 ; 109 ( 15 ) : 5557 - 5558 .
we paleontologists can sometimes suffer from envy when we look at the sheer amount of data that a molecular systematist can bring to bear on a question of evolutionary relationship between species . our fossils are often fragmentary , and the fossil record can be stingy , especially failing to produce small , fragile taxa such as amphibians over periods of tens of millions of years . nevertheless , paleontologists have exclusive access to some information from deep time , primarily the combination of primitive and derived states that can tell the story of character transformation within a lineage , assuming the taxon is sufficiently well represented in the fossil record . we also used to claim exclusive access to information on the timing of events of evolution , but because of the development of molecular clock techniques we now have to share this stage . molecular divergence estimates are highly sensitive to the number , location , and topological distribution of calibration points (
) , and fossils , being constraints on the younger end of cladogenesis , necessarily underestimate divergence timing . the result of these sets of potential biases is a frequent mismatch in the ages estimated by using either set of data . this discrepancy has certainly been evident with respect to the evolution of extant amphibians ( frogs , salamanders , and caecilians ; collectively lissamphibia ) , with molecular estimates being much older ( as much as 100 myr ) than the fossil record suggests (
salamanders are the morphologically most generalized of the three extant groups , not having the locomotor specializations of their sister taxa frogs ( i . e . , jumping ) or caecilians ( i . e . , burrowing ) . there is an important divergence near the base of the salamander phylogenetic tree ( fig . 1 ) between the cryptobranchoids ( cryptobranchidae and hynobiidae ) , and salamandroids ( all other salamanders , excepting sirenidae , whose placement remains controversial ) . until the pnas study ( 12 ) , the oldest known salamandroid was from the cretaceous of spain ( 13 ) . gao and shubin ' s new species extends this range by 40 myr , with important implications for our understanding of salamander evolution .
stratigraphic column from the mid - mesozoic to recent , showing the impact of the new fossil salamander published in pnas ( 12 ) . the blue bar represents the estimate of salamandroid divergence from yang and rannala ( 1 ) , and the red bar represents that from zhang et al . ( 6 ) . “a” is the stratigraphic placement of the stem salamander kokartus ; “b1” the age of chunerpeton used in reisz and müller ( 3 ) and roelants ( 9 ) ; “b2” the age of chunerpeton used by zhang et al . ( 6 ) ; “c” the new fossil salamandroid ; and “d” the previously oldest known salamandroid valdotriton . the new salamandroid extends their known range by 40 myr ( dashed red line ) , placing it older than an estimate made from the fossil record ( 6 ) . the impact of changing hypotheses of taxonomic or stratigraphic placement is also demonstrated ; the different age interpretations for chunerpeton has a 17 - myr impact on the divergence estimate as read from the fossil record ( dashed line ) .
it is the 40 - myr age range extension that has the most exciting implications . a number of estimates for the divergence of cryptobranchoids and salamandroids have been made in the past several years (
) has become more commonplace . however , these estimates are still much older than suggested by a direct reading of the fossil record . one recent attempt to infer divergence by using just fossils (
) estimated this split to be at approximately 143 mya , which is more than 30 myr more recent than the youngest of the molecular estimates , and 80 myr younger than the average of the molecular estimates .
this discrepancy results from a few issues with the fossil data that skew this estimate toward younger ages , and biases in the molecular data that skew estimates in the older direction . the first , and probably greatest , effect with respect to this particular fossil - based estimate is the incompleteness of the fossil record for lissamphibians . there are enormous periods of nonrepresentation during which we know there must have been fossils . approximately 80 myr span between triadobatrachus ( the first frog ) and the stem salamanders karaurus and kokartus . similarly , there are approximately 55 myr between triadobatrachus and the first caecilian eocaecilia , and the next caecilian fossil does not occur for another 45 myr ( 20 ) . the fossil record improves as it gets progressively younger , but not evenly or even predictably . this incompleteness makes what is already an underestimate biased toward even younger ages . a second issue is a methodological decision made by marjanović and laurin ( 10 ) to use “hard” maximal constraints , i . e . , making the statement that a clade can definitely not be older than a particular lower bound ( in stratigraphic terms , older is toward the bottom and younger to the top of a stacked time series ) . however , we already know that the fossil record is an underestimate of true age of divergence , so those bounds themselves are just as prone to these same systematic biases , and most of the molecular studies have not used maximal constraints as a result . finally , there is a disagreement over the age of the earliest cryptobranchoid chunerpeton ( 21 ) , which underscores the need for explicitness when using stratigraphic and fossil data to constrain divergence estimates ( 4 ) .
this discrepancy is where the new fossil salamandroid fits into the picture . gao and shubin ' s new salamander extends the known range of salamandroids by 40 myr , or 17 myr older than the time that had been estimated by the fossils alone . this starkly underscores the caution we must take when making statements about evolutionary trends from a direct reading of the fossil record . however , the new fossil salamander is still much younger than most estimates from molecular clocks .
gao and shubin ' s new salamander extends the known range of salamandroids by 40 myr .
this may be a result of a fragmentary fossil record ; fossils await discovery that will create more range extensions into deep time , eventually to approach the dates suggested by the molecular clocks . alternatively , it might point toward systematic biases within the chosen calibration method ( 1 ) or the molecular data themselves ( 22 ) .
one recent molecular study estimated a time of divergence that fits very well with this new fossil ( 5 ) . the authors used fossil data in a number of innovative ways . first , they used a number of external and internal calibration points from the fossil record as hard minimal constraints ( i . e . , the clade must have diverged by this point ) . they then took the suggestion of using maxima ( 10 ) , but instead of using these as absolute or hard constraints , used them as “soft” constraints by creating a distribution of possible ages for these events . the result of their method , depending on the exact parameters used , places the basal salamander divergence slightly ( 3 myr ) to reasonably ( 13 myr ) older than this first salamandroid ( fig . 1 ) . not using any maximal constraint increased the age of estimation for the divergence by 20 to 30 myr , and using hard maxima made the estimate 10 myr younger than the soft maxima . the preference for using the soft maxima withstood this test from the fossil record well , and may point the direction for future molecular clock work ( 1 ) , but further analytical work will be necessary to ensure these results are repeatable and consistent before they become standard practice . however , notwithstanding the caution with which fossil data should be used , they appear to increase the accuracy of estimates of divergence made by molecular clock models , and should be incorporated ( with appropriate provisos ) whenever possible .
i thank a . jaszlics for the image of notophthalmus ; and brian gratwicke for the image of cryptobranchus .
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chris taklis added an association between
brief summary
and
triturus macedonicus
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chris taklis added an association between
brief summary
and
triturus macedonicus ( karaman , 1922 )
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chris taklis added text to
brief summary
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triturus macedonicus ( karaman , 1922 )
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chris taklis added the greek common name
δυτικός χτενοτρίτωνας
to
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( zool . ) a division of amphibia including the salamanders and allied groups ; the urodela .
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the slaty spinetail or slaty castlebuilder , ( synallaxis brachyura ) , is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical new world from northern honduras to western ecuador and east-central brazil .

it is a member of the south american bird family furnariidae , a group in which many species build elaborate clay nests , giving rise to the english name for the family of " ovenbirds " .

however , the slaty spinetail constructs a bulky spherical stick nest 36x43 cm in size , with a long tubular entrance , 0.4 – 4.5 m high in a shrub or vine covered tree .

it lays two or three greenish white eggs .

this species is a widespread and common resident breeder in lowlands and up to 1500 m altitude in a range of scrubby habitats , including second growth , road and river edges , and overgrown pasture .

the slaty spinetail is typically 15 cm long , and weighs 18.5 g .

it is a slender bird with a long , pointed wispy tail .

the plumage is mainly dark grey-brown becoming dark grey on the head .

the crown and shoulder patches are rich rufous .

sexes are similar , but young birds are duller and browner with a yellowish chin .

the slaty spinetail is an insectivore which is difficult to see as it forages for beetles , caterpillars and other prey deep in tangled thickets , but may be located by its hard chu-chu-chrrrr call .

slaty spinetail

remsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . slaty spinetail ( synallaxis brachyura ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the slaty spinetail is common in a variety of open woodland and shrubby habitats in the tropical and subtropical zones ( 200 - 3300m ) , ranging from the northern coast of honduras to southwest ecuador . it is often found foraging in family groups or pairs in low , dense vegetation . it has a uniformly dark gray body with deep rufous wing coverts and a rufous crown , extending from behind the forehead to the nape . the four subspecies recognized are separated both geographically and altitudinally . brachyura is found in northern colombia ( mostly below 300m ) and has a deep chestnut crown and a paler gray supercilium . caucae is found mostly above 1 , 000m central colombia is paler overall . griseonucha of southwest ecuador is darker overall with a silvery throat and some white in the belly . nigrofumosa is found primarily above 1 , 000m in western ecuador and western colombia , and is similar to griseonucha but with a dark throat .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) . trend justification : this population is suspected to be increasing as ongoing habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat ( del hoyo et al . 2003 ) .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
phylogenetic study # r found this species to be sister to s . subpudica . proposed race chapmani ( colombia ) described as like nigrifumosa but with rump slightly browner and crown , wings and underparts slightly paler , but variation apparently clinal , and individual specimens not diagnosable . named taxon jaraguana ( goiás , in e brazil ) , described as race of present species , was based on misidentified specimens of s . hypospodia . race nigrifumosa often ( as in hbw ) misspelt nigrofumosa # r . four subspecies tentatively recognized .
lawrence , 1865 – nc honduras s to panama and nw colombia s to nw ecuador ( s to n guayas ) .
chapman , 1923 – sw ecuador ( s from guayas and azuay ) s to extreme nw peru ( tumbes ) .
14–16 cm ; 16–21 g . one of the darkest species in genus . nominate race has deep rufous - chestnut crown and nape , greyish supercilium , darker grey rest of head , dark . . .
song a low “ch - ch - ch - churrr - r - r - r” , “je - ch - ch - chrrrrr” or “chut - chut - . . .
second - growth scrub , riparian thickets , and undergrowth at edges of montane evergreen forest and . . .
dietary items recorded are coleoptera , hemiptera , larval diptera and lepidoptera , spiders , spider eggs , and seeds . usually in pairs , . . .
eggs in jan–feb and apr–oct in costa rica . monogamous ; paired throughout year . nest a bulky mass c . 20–40 cm high and 40 . . .
not globally threatened . fairly common to common in most of range . occurs in la planada nature reserve and río ñambí natural reserve , in colombia . tolerant of moderate . . .
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recent phylogenetic work supports subdivision into 5–6 clades ( herein tribes ) , depending on inclusion or exclusion of xenopini # r .
incorporates poecilurus , siptornopsis and gyalophylax , all of which have been found to be morphologically and genetically # r inseparable from synallaxis . see also mazaria ( above ) .
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an individual briefly appearing at the edge of a bush before moving back into cover .
call given by a bird in a pasture beside the forest ; form chapmani .
richard garrigues , josep del hoyo , keith blomerley , pere sugranyes , greg baker .
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this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : synallaxis brachyura . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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12 - 15 april 2014 for many known birding destinations in costa rica , we don’t have great earth - shattering news to share . the destinations are well documented ( in barrett lawson’s excellent costa rican birdfinding guide as well as online ) and the expected species are well documented . that said , we can still share our experiences , tag on a few [ . . . ]
5 july 2012 – el sendero los quetzales ( boquete side ) expectations were high for the los quetzales trail , and it did not disappoint . we parked at the anam ranger station and hiked the 4wd road in and the first few kilometers of the trail . quite close to the ranger station we had our first of many mixed species flocks and found the beautiful [ . . . ]
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phyllonorycter ulicicolella is a moth of the gracillariidae family .

it is known from great britain , spain , france , italy and greece .

the wingspan is 6 – 8 mm .

adults are on wing from june to august .

the larvae feed on ulex species .

they mine the spines , shoots or bark of their host plant .

phyllonorycter ulicicolella

phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( gorse midget ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva
article : phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva
details - phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva - biodiversity heritage library
steve and myself had a search for early - emerging day flyers last week at hartlebury common - i was keeping my eye out for leaf mines , namely those of phyllonorycter ulicicolella .
ty - jour ti - phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva t2 - the entomologist ' s record and journal of variation . vl - 117 ur - urltoken pb - s . n . cy - [ london : py - 2005 sp - 169 ep - 170 sn - 0013 - 8916 au - edmunds , rob ( r edmunds @ ntlworld com ) er -
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this nationally scarce ( nb ) species is found in heathland and grassland in southern england and also northwest england .
) . the mines are difficult to find but can be fairly distinctive when seen .
the mines in the photos shown were all within a metre of the ground on bushes that were at least 2m high .
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possibly under - recorded as mine is almost invisible so seldom encountered except as an adult .
recorded in 6 ( 9 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2017 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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a rarely found mine . the larva feeds in the epidermis and in this mine a clear area can be seen at the top of the mine , with frass deposited lower down ( british leafminers ) .
larva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .
pupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .
adult : the adult is not illustrated in ukmoths ( check for update ) . the species is included in urltoken .
distribution in great britain and ireland : widespread in southern england ( british leafminers ) including fleet , hampshire ( british leafminers ) ; dorset , durham , east norfolk , east suffolk , hertfordshire , south essex west cornwall and west norfolk ( nbn atlas ) .
distribution elsewhere : continental europe including french mainland , greek mainland , italian mainland ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .
resident . rare , and in danger of extinction in east sussex ; undetected in west sussex since it was last listed in 1905 . single - brooded , flying mainly during june and july , although this has yet to be confirmed in sussex . larvae feed on ( the bark of ) gorse and dwarf gorse . ( pratt , 2011 )
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after two and a half hours searching , this was the most promising candidate i found . there aren ' t many photographs to refer to , but i can ' t think of anything that would mine a gorse needle in this way . any opinions ?
biodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p… urltoken


epermenia meyi is a moth in the epermeniidae family .

it was described by gaedike in 2004 .

it is found in ethiopia , kenya and malawi .

epermenia meyi

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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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holotype ♂ , type no . 00401729 , genitalia slide gaedike 3339♂ , zmuc ; paratypes 6♂ , 6♀ , zmuc , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 7004♂ , nmk ; paratypes 2♂ , 5♀ , sdei , rmca , coll . agassiz .
holotype ♂ , rmca ent 000003212 , rmca ; paratypes 18♂ , 12♀ , rmca , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 4960♂ , zmhb ; paratypes 6♂ , 2♀ , zmhb , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 4923♂ , mnhn ; paratypes 7♂ , 4♀ , mnhn , sdei .
holotype ♂ , sdei ; 32 paratypes ♂ , ♀ , sdei , rmnh .
holotype ♂ , nmk ; paratypes 1♂ , 2♀ , sdei , nhmo , coll . agassiz .
holotype ♂ , zmhb ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slides gaedike 7528♂ , 7527♀ , zmhb , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 7047♂ , rmca ent 000003199 , rmca ; paratypes 2♂ , 1♀ , 1 specimen without abdomen , rmca , sdei , nhmo .
holotype ♂ , nmk ; paratypes 6♂ , nmk , sdei , coll . agassiz .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 705♂ , rmca ent 000003247 , rmca ; paratypes 1♂ , 1♀ , 2 specimens without abdomen , rmca , zsm , sdei , coll . agassiz .
holotype ♂ , sdei ; allotype ♀ , genitalia slide geometridae 17533♀ , bmnh ; paratype 1♂ , bmnh .
holotype ♀ ( not ♂ as stated in the original description , see bartsch & berg 2012 : 31 ) , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide petersen 2226♂ , sdei ; paratype 1♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 5988♂ , zsm .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 7910♂ , zsm ; paratypes 5♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 5986♂ , zsm , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 7911♂ , zsm ; praatypes 6♂ , 2♀ , genitalia slides gaedike 5991 , 5987 , 5989 , 5990 , zsm , sdei .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 6011♂ , zmuc ; paratypes genitalia slides gaedike 6186♂ , derra 6405♂ , 6406♂ , zmuc , sdei , coll . derra .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 2013♂ , zsm ; paratype 1♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 2483♂ , sdei .
holotype ♂ , sdei ; paratypes 6♂ , 2♀ , genitalia slides gaedike 7934 , 7959 , 7931 , sdei , coll . stübner .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 8083♂ , zmhb ; paratype 1♂ , genitalia slide gaedike 5994♂ , sdei .
holotype ♂ , lnk ; paratypes 7♂ , 1 specimen , lnk , sdei .
holotype ♂ , zmuh ; paratypes 2x11 , genitalia slide gaedike 5978♂ , zmuh , sdei .
holotype ♂ , sdei ; paratypes 11♂ , genitalia slides gaedike 7923♂ , 7953♂ , 7954♂ , sdei , coll . stübner .
holotype ♂ , zmuc ; paratypes 5♂ , 1♀ , genitalia slides gaedike 8085♂ , 7908♀ , 7909♂ , derra 5173♂ [ lost ] , sdei , zmuc , zmuh .
the sabinet african epublications ( sa epublications ) service has been available online to clients with great success since 2001 . this service is the most comprehensive , searchable collection of full - text african electronic journals available on one platform which focuses on information originating from or pertaining to africa . read more . . .
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new or poorly known epermeniidae of the afrotropis ( lepidoptera : epermenioidea ) | förderverein des deutschen entomologischen instituts e . v .
contributions to entomology , volume 63 , issue 1 , p . 149 - 168 ( 2013 )


potamon potamios is a semi-terrestrial crab occurring around the eastern mediterranean , including many mediterranean islands , extending as far south and west as the sinai peninsula .

potamon potamios

subfamily potaminae . seven subspecies of p . potamios have been recognised over the years ( ghiavarini 1934 ; pretzmann 1962 , 1984 , 1986 ; bott 1967 ) mainly to recognise subpopulations of this species that inhabit islands . this taxon was most recently revised as potamon ( potamon ) potamios by brandis et al . ( 2000 ) and it is treated here as potamon potamios .
photo of the freshwater crab , potamon potamios , one of the four freshwater crab species found in greece . its distribution is now very limited due to the destruction of its habitat by humans .
in cyprus , p . potamios is threatened by deforestation , loss of water in its habitat , and pollution from pesticides . protection from these threats may be provided to those populations of crabs that are found in the state forests which are protected areas in the westernmost tip of the island of cyprus that may become part of a national park in the near future .
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cyprus ; egypt ( sinai ) ; greece ( east aegean is . , kriti ) ; israel ; jordan ; lebanon ; palestinian territory , occupied ; syrian arab republic ; turkey ( turkey - in - asia )
no conservation measures are known to be in place for this species in most parts of its range .
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database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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bolbena is a genus of praying mantises native to africa .

it includes the following species : bolbena assimilis bolbena hottentotta bolbena maraisi bolbena minor bolbena orientalis bolbena minutissima

bolbena

gladiator expedition ( image keywords ) , africa ( image keywords ) , namibia . ( image keywords ) , bolbena assimilis ( image keywords )
this bolbena ( bolbena ) assimilis ( kaltenbach , 1996 ) was attracted to light at mason shelter on the brandberg massif . it is one of the praying mantids collected during the
gladiator expedition
to namibia in 2002 . the main aim of the expedition was to find specimens of mantophasmatodea ; a secondary aim was to survey other animals in the region . phil bragg collected mantids on the expedition .
this male bolbena ( bolbena ) assimilis ( kaltenbach , 1996 ) was collected at light at mason shelter on the brandberg massif . it is one of the praying mantids collected during the
gladiator expedition
to namibia in 2002 . the main aim of the expedition was to find specimens of mantophasmatodea ; a secondary aim was to survey other animals in the region . phil bragg collected mantids on the expedition .
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the agaricales , or euagarics clade , is a monophyletic group of approximately 8500 mushroom species . . . read more
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the affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree . . . as buds give rise by growth to fresh buds , and these if vigorous , branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch , so by generation i believe it has been with the great tree of life , which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth , and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications .
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ehrmann , r . 2002 . mantodea : gottesanbeterinnen der welt . natur und tier , münster .
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this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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hilarographa youngiella is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in north america , including washington and vancouver island .

the forewings are brown with many fine white lines and prominent black spots at the anal angle .

the hindwings are brown .

hilarographa youngiella

hilarographa zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 187
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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click on the thumbnail image to view the details and photo for a specific specimen .
unless noted , all images on these pages are copyright © 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .
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zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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the superfamily tortricoidea currently includes only one family , the tortricidae . there are close to 9000 species worldwide , and over 1200 occur in the united states . the tortricoidea are most closely related to the cossoidea ( common 1990 ) , although to what extent is not certain .
the tortricidae includes three subfamilies , the tortricinae , the olethreutinae , and the chlidanotinae . general characteristics of the adult are as follows :
the antennae are less than 2 / 3rds the length of the forewing ( or slightly more than half the length of the forewing ) .
labial palpi are rough - scaled and usually porrect , the third ( or apical ) segment is shorter than the second and usually horizontal .
the base of the forewing in many males has a costal fold which contains an expandable hair pencil of scent scales .
many olethreutinae and some tortricinae have a pecten of hairs present near the base of cu2 on the hindwing ( see wing illustrations below ) .
in the male , the frenulum is a single bristle which hooks beneath sc on the forewing .
in the female , the frenulum consists of three finer bristles which hook on a raised gropu of scales beneath cu2 on the forewing .
the following diagrams illustrate the venation of a
typical
moth from the family tortricidae ; both of these examples are from the subfamily olethreutinae . ( illustrations adapted from heinrich , 1923 , following the nomenclature of borror et al . , 1989 . )
the subfamily tortricinae contains 11 tribes ( scoble 1992 ) , and its members are more widely distributed in the southern hemisphere . this is the tortricid subfamily with the least specialized male genitalia , which is a characteristic of the group , as listed below . two characteristics of the tortricinae ( from scoble 1992 ) are :
the juxta and the aedeagus are usually articulated rather than fused in the male genitalia .
the subfamily tortricinae contains 6 tribes ( scoble 1992 ) , and its members are more widely distributed in the northern hemisphere . this is the largest of the three tortricid subfamilies , containing at least 3 / 4 of all tortricid species ( miller 1987 ) . two characteristics of the olethreutinae ( from scoble 1992 ) are :
in the male genitalia , the aedeagus is fused with the anellus and juxta .
there is an
excavation
at the base of the valva in the male genitalia .
there is a deep , dorso - longitudinal invagination of each of the valvae in the male genitalia .
unless noted , all images on these pages are copyright © 2007 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author .


eois roseocincta is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is found in guyana .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

the forewings are pale yellow , slightly deeper yellow along the costa and hind margin .

there are many oblique rosy streaks on the costa .

the hindwings have a rosy submarginal band , a faint cell spot and a rosy outer line .

eois roseocincta

scopula roseocincta is a moth of the family geometridae . it is found in south africa and tanzania . [ 2 ]
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
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and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
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created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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warren w . 1899a . new species and genera of the families drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae from the old - world regions . - novitates zoologicae 6 ( 1 ) : 1—66 .
pinhey e . c . g . 1975 . moths of southern africa . descriptions and colour illustrations of 1183 species . - — : i—iv , 1—273 , pls . 1—63 .
janse a . j . t . 1933—1935 . the moths of south africa . volume ii . geometridae ( concluded ) . - — 2 ( 1 ) : 1—448 , pls . 1—15 .
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scrobipalpula caustonae is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by landry in 2010 .

it is found on the galapagos islands .

the length of the forewings is 3.5 – 4 mm .

the forewings are creamy white with a diffuse pattern of brown , mostly tinged orange lightly , with darker brown patches sub - and postmedially along the midline .

the hindwings are white .

scrobipalpula caustonae

scrobipalpula caustonae landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 728 , 699 ( list , as symmetrichema caustonae ) ; tl : galapagos , florana , punta cormoran
scrobipalpula artemisiella , the thyme moth , is a moth in the gelechiidae family .
scrobipalpula diffluella , the essex groundling , is a moth of the gelechiidae family .
scrobipalpula manierreorum priest , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 116 ; tl : michigan , marquette co .
scrobipalpula inornata landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 723 , 699 ( list ) ; tl : galapagos , española , bahia , manzanillo
scrobipalpula antiochia powell & povolný , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california , contra costa co . , antioch dunes national wildlife refuge
scrobipalpula gutierreziae powell & povolný , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california , antioch nat . wildlife refuge , contra costa co .
scrobipalpula equatoriella landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 726 , 699 ( list ) ; tl : galapagos , santa crúz , est . cient . charles darwin
scrobipalpula ramosella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 40 ; [ me6 ] , 197 , 31 ; [ fe ]
scrobipalpula diffluella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31 ; [ fe ]
scrobipalpula tussilaginis ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31 ; [ fe ]
scrobipalpula densata ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722 , 699 ( list )
scrobipalpula potentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2020 ; [ nhm card ] ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26
scrobipalpula ( gnorimoschemini ) ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; [ me6 ] , 194 , 31 ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
scrobipalpula psilella ; povolný , 1964 , acta soc . ent . cechoslov . 61 : 341 ; povolný , 1969 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 66 : 379 ; povolný , 1976 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 73 ( 1 ) : 49 ; povolný , 1977 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 74 ( 3 ) : 197 ; povolný , 1977 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 74 ( 5 ) : 335 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; povolný , 1998 , : 340 ; powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16 ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 109 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]
= ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722
larva on senecio douglasii powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17
larva on artemisia canadensis kearfott , 1903 , j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 161
phthorimaea crustaria meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 42 ; tl : peru , lima
gelechia ( doryphora ? ) daturae zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 359
switzerland , austria , germany , norway , finland , latvia , s . urals . see [ maps ]
= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31
larva on erigeron sp . , homogyne alpina , aster alpinus , bellidiastrum michelii , erigeron politus huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 59 , erigeron acer , e . acer politus [ me6 ] , 200
aristotelia ephoria meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : peru , matucana , 7780ft
gnorimoschema erigeronella braun , 1921 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 73 : 7 ; tl : glacier park station
phthorimaea gregalis meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 43 ; tl : peru , lima
gregariella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( lita ) ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 339 , pl . 4 , f . 109
larva on gutierrezia californica powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17
gnorimoschema hemilitha clarke , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3508 ) : 81 ; tl : masatierra , bahia cumberland
ephysteris hodgesi povolný , 1967 ; acta ent . mus . natn . pragae 37 : 119 ; tl : arizona , coconino co . , fort valley , 7 . 5mi nw flagstaff
isochlora ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) ; j . linn . soc . lond . ( zool . ) 37 : 280
gnorimoschema lutescella clarke , 1934 ; can . ent . 66 : 172 , pl . 9 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : washington , pullman
scrobipalpulopsis lycii powell & povolný , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 15 ; tl : california , san clemente is . , west cove , los angeles co .
alberta , british columbia , manitoba , michigan , ontario , quebec . see [ maps ]
larva on eurybia ( aster ) macrophylla adamski , landry , nazari & priest , 2014 , j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 122
gnorimoschema melanolepis clarke , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3508 ) : 83 ; tl : masafuera , quebrada de las casas
phthorimaea ochroschista meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : texas , alpine and fort davis , 5000ft
parachiquitella povolný , 1968 ; acta sci . nat . brno 2 ( 3 ) : 16
gelechia physaliella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 9 ) : 173 ; tl : kentucky
phthorimaea polemoniella braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 13 ; tl : brown co . , ohio
larva on polemonium reptans braun , 1925 , trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 14
gnorimoschema potentella keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 238
larva on horkelia californica powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16
eu , naf , russia , mongolia , afghanistan , china ( jilin ) , . . . , nepal , japan . see [ maps ]
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31
= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31
= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31
larva on artemisia campestris , a . maritima , a . vulgaris , helichrysum arenarium , aster amellus huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 50 , chrysanthemum , centaurea scabiosa , aster tripolium , a . amellus , erigeron acer [ me6 ] , 196 , anaphalis , gnaphalium powell & povolný , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16
gnorimoschema radiatella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 758 ; tl : pullman , washington
lita ramosella müller - rutz , 1934 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 2 ) : 120
larva on erigeron sp . , centaurea pindicola , achillea holosericea huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 53 , artemisia umbelliformis [ me6 ] , 198
phthorimaea sacculicola braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 13 ; tl : cincinnati , ohio
gnorimoschema semirosea meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : texas , forestburg and alpine , 5000ft
phthorimaea stirodes meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 385
phthorimaea trichinaspis meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 41 ; tl : peru , lima
england , france , netherlands , germany , switzerland , austria , poland , italy , hungary , greece , turkey . see [ maps ]
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31 ; [ fe ]
= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31
larva on tussilago farfara , petasites huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 62
lita pygmaeella heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . schweitz ( 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) : 259
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
contribution à l ' étude des lépidoptères du nord de l ' afrique ( suite ) . description et éthologie de trois espèces nouvelles [ lep . gelechidae ]
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
the checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .
these documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .
the checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .
a complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .
gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hernán vargas , howard l . snell .
nathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .
yves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .
frank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba yánez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andré aptroot .
anne guézou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo díaz , mark gardener .
gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .
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the “charles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands” , in french “fondation charles darwin pour les îles galapagos” , association international sans but lucratif ( “aisbl” ) , has its registered office located at drève du pieuré 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .
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amiantofusus candoris is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

amiantofusus candoris

fraussen k . , kantor y . & hadorn r . 2007 . amiantofusus gen . nov . for fusus amiantus dall , 1889 ( mollusca : gastropoda : fasciolariidae ) with description of a new and extensive indo - west pacific radiation . novapex 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 79 - 101 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
fraussen , kantor & hadorn , 2007 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 456364 on 2018 - 07 - 09
panama horse conch - triplofusus princeps ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) - classifications - encyclopedia of life
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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the mud catshark or brown catshark , bythaelurus lutarius , is a species of catshark in the scyliorhinidae family .

it is found in mozambique and somalia .

its natural habitat is the open seas of the western indian ocean , from mozambique to somalia , between latitudes 13 ° n and 29 ° s , at depths between 340 and 765 m .

it can grow up to 34 centimetres ( 13 in ) long .

bythaelurus lutarius

froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2006 ) .
halaelurus lutarius
in fishbase . july 2006 version .
justification : bythaelurus lutarius is a deepwater catshark endemic to east africa , apparently patchily distributed from somalia and mozambique . it may be taken as bycatch , although its depth range ( 338 to 766 m ) and small size does not make it susceptible to significant fisheries pressure . there are no population estimates and life history data are limited , although it has a potential low fecundity . further information is required and the situation should be re - assessed as deepwater fisheries expand in the region .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
a deepwater tropical catshark of the continental slope occurring on or just above bottom on mud substrates at 338 to 766 m ( compagno et al . 1989 ) . apparently ovoviviparous . matures at 31 to 34 cm tl ( male ) and 31 to 39 cm tl ( female ) , size at birth 10 cm tl . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fishes and crustaceans ( bass et al . 1975 ) .
may be taken as bycatch in trawl fisheries . no details available , but due to its depth range , it is likely to be caught on an irregular basis . the situation should be re - assessed as deepwater fisheries expand in the region .
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
springer , s . & d ' aubrey , j . d . ( 1972 )
two new scyliorhinid sharks from the east coast of africa , with notes on related species .
( springer & d ' aubrey , 1972 ) : in : database of modern sharks , rays and chimaeras , www . shark - references . com , world wide web electronic publication , version 07 / 2018
. dull grey - brown , paler ventrally , with few poorly defined dorsal saddles that may be visible ( ref .
) . found on the continental slope on or just above muddy substrates . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fishes , and crustaceans
host - parasite list / parasite - host list ( version : 01 . 04 . 2015 ) 544 pp , 5 , 37 mb new !
life > eukaryotes > opisthokonta > metazoa ( animals ) > bilateria > deuterostomia > chordata > craniata > vertebrata ( vertebrates ) > gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates ) > . chondrichthyes > elasmobranchii > galeomorphii > carcharhiniformes > scyliorhinidae
a slender , plain brown dwarf catshark with a moderately long snout , short labial furrows , and no crest of enlarged denticles on caudal fin .
upper slope in tropics , on or just above mud substrate at 338 to 766 m .
bears 2 young . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fish , and crustaceans .
text by leonard j . v . compagno , david a . ebert and malcolm j . smale
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thaumatopsis magnificus is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by fernald in 1891 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from new mexico , arizona and colorado .

the wingspan is about 25 mm .

the forewings are dull yellow with white stripes .

the hindwings are uniform white .

adults are on wing in june and july .

thaumatopsis magnificus

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t . bolterellus forewing has dark gray lines between white stripes ; t . fernaldella and t . floridalis forewings have only one white stripe edged with black scales ; loxocrambus awemensis forewing has thin white lines , not thick stripes ( compare images of these and related species at mpg here and here )
distribution and dates ( frank haimbach , academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , archive . org )
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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