typhisopsis is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

it was first described by félix pierre jousseaume in 1880 .

typhisopsis

typhisopsis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhisopsis coronatus broderip , w . j . , 1833
houart r . & hertz c . m . 2006 . a review of typhisopsis and typhisala ( gastropoda : muricoidea ) of the eastern pacific . the nautilus 120 ( 2 ) : 52 - 65 . [ erratum vol . 123 : 23 ( 2009 ) ] . [ details ]
jousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division méthodique de la famille des purpuridés . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 335 [ details ]
diagnosis four heavy , rounded , ropelike varices ; only apertural varix with varical flange ; apertural varix with upward curved , sharp , shoulder spine ; spine of other varices strongly inwards pointed ; tubes near preceding varix , adpressed to preceding partition ; radula different from any other genus . [ details ]
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the checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .
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gustavo jiménez - uzcátegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hernán vargas , howard l . snell .
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volutella perry , g . , 1810 type species : volutella divergens perry , g . , 1810
phyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) tapparone - canefri , c . e . , 1881 type species : phyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) convoluta broderip , w . j . , 1833
phyllocoma ( galfridus ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : phyllocoma ( galfridus ) speciosa speciosa angas , g . f . , 1871
murex linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810
murex ( murex ) linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810
murex ( promurex ) ponder , w . f . & e . h . vokes , 1988 type species : murex ( promurex ) antelmei viader , r . , 1938
haustellum schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : haustellum haustellum linnaeus , c . , 1758
vokesimurex petuch , e . j . , 1994 type species : vokesimurex messorius sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841
siratus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siratus senegalensis gmelin , j . f . , 1791
bolinus pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : bolinus brandaris brandaris linnaeus , c . , 1758
hexaplex perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811
hexaplex ( hexaplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811
hexaplex ( muricanthus ) swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : hexaplex ( muricanthus ) radix gmelin , j . f . , 1791
hexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1921 type species : hexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) trunculus trunculus linnaeus , c . , 1758
chicoreus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758
chicoreus ( chicoreus ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758
chicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) houart , r . , 1992 type species : chicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) orchidiflorus shikama , t . , 1973
chicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) oyama , k . , 1950 type species : chicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) capucinus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
chicoreus ( triplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( triplex ) foliatus perry , g . , 1810
chicomurex arakawa , k . y . , 1964 type species : chicomurex superbus sowerby , g . b . iii , 1889
naquetia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : naquetia triqueter born , i . von , 1778
phyllonotus swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex imperialis swainson , w . a . , 1831
pterynotus ( pterynotus ) swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex pinnatus swainson , w . a . , 1822
pterynotus ( pterymarchia ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : pterynotus ( pterymarchia ) tripterus born , i . von , 1778
timbellus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : timbellus latifolius bellardi , l . , 1872
pterochelus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterochelus acanthopterus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
purpurellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : purpurellus gambiensis reeve , l . a . , 1845
ingensia houart , r . , 2001 type species : ingensia ingens houart , r . , 1987
ponderia houart , r . , 1986 type species : ponderia zealandica hutton , f . w . , 1873
prototyphis ponder , w . f . , 1972 type species : prototyphis angasi crosse , h . , 1863
poirieria ( poirieria ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : poirieria ( poirieria ) zelandica quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833
poirieria ( actinotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : poirieria ( actinotrophon ) actinophora dall , w . h . , 1889
paziella ( paziella ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : paziella ( paziella ) pazi crosse , h . , 1869
paziella ( bouchetia ) houart , r . & v . héros , 2008 type species : paziella ( bouchetia ) vaubanensis houart , r . , 1986
paziella ( flexopteron ) shuto , t . , 1969 type species : paziella ( flexopteron ) philippinensis shuto , t . , 1969
calotrophon ( calotrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : calotrophon bristolae hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951
calotrophon ( panamurex ) woodring , w . p . , 1959 type species : calotrophon ( panamurex ) gatunensis brown , a . & h . a . pilsbry , 1911
attiliosa emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : coralliophila incompta berry , s . s . , 1960
aspella mörch , o . a . l . , 1877 type species : aspella anceps lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
dermomurex monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974
dermomurex ( dermomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974
dermomurex ( gracilimurex ) thiele , j . , 1929 type species : murex bicolor thiele , j . , 1929
dermomurex ( takia ) kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : murex inermis sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841
dermomurex ( trialatella ) berry , s . s . , 1964 type species : dermomurex ( trialatella ) cunninghamae berry , s . s . , 1964
dermomurex ( viator ) vokes , e . h . , 1974 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974
typhis ( typhis ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : typhis ( typhis ) tubifer bruguière , j . g . , 1792
typhis ( brasityphis ) absalão , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003 type species : typhis ( brasityphis ) barrosi absalão , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003
typhis ( haustellotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( haustellotyphis ) cumingii broderip , w . j . , 1833
typhis ( hirtotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( hirtotyphis ) horridus brocchi , g . b . , 1814
monstrotyphis habe , t . , 1961 type species : monstrotyphis tosaensis azuma , m . , 1960
rugotyphis vella , p . , 1961 type species : rugotyphis francescae finlay , h . j . , 1924
typhina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhina belcheri broderip , w . j . , 1833
typhinellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis sowerbii broderip , w . j . , 1833
siphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) arcuatus hinds , r . b . , 1843
siphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) iredale , t . , 1936 type species : siphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) pavlova iredale , t . , 1936
siphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964 type species : siphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) vemae keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964
siphonochelus ( laevityphis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : typhis ( typhis ) coronarius deshayes , g . p . , 1865
siphonochelus ( trubatsa ) dall , w . h . , 1889 type species : siphonochelus ( trubatsa ) longicornis dall , w . h . , 1888
typhisala jousseaume , f . p . , 1881 type species : typhisala grandis adams , a . , 1855
cinclidotyphis dushane , h . , 1969 type species : cinclidotyphis myrae dushane , h . , 1969
pterotyphis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterotyphis pinnatus broderip , w . j . , 1833
tripterotyphis pilsbry , h . a . & h . n . lowe , 1932 type species : tripterotyphis lowei lowei pilsbry , h . a . , 1931
muricopsis ( muricopsis ) bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : muricopsis ( muricopsis ) blainvillei payraudeau , b . - c . , 1826
muricopsis ( risomurex ) olsson , a . a . & t . l . mcginty , 1958 type species : muricopsis ( risomurex ) deformis reeve , l . a . , 1846
rolandiella marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000 type species : rolandiella scotti marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000
murexsul iredale , t . , 1915 type species : murexsul octogonus quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833
acanthotrophon hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : acanthotrophon sorenseni hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951
bizetiella radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : bizetiella carmen lowe , h . n . , 1935
evokesia radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : pascula rufonotata carpenter , p . p . , 1864
favartia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834
favartia ( favartia ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834
favartia ( caribiella ) perilliat , urltoken c . , 1971 type species : favartia ( caribiella ) alveata kiener , l . c . , 1842
favartia ( pygmaepterys ) vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : favartia alfredensis bartsch , p . , 1915
homalocantha mörch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : homalocantha scorpio linnaeus , c . , 1758
maxwellia baily , w . b . , 1950 type species : maxwellia gemma sowerby , g . b . ii , 1879
favartia ( murexiella ) clench , w . j . & i . pérez farfante , 1945 type species : favartia ( murexiella ) hidalgoi crosse , h . , 1869
favartia ( subpterynotus ) olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : favartia ( subpterynotus ) textilis gabb , w . m . , 1873
pradoxa fernandes , f . & e . m . rolán , 1993 type species : pradoxa confirmata fernandes , f . & e . m . rolán , 1990
xastilia bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994 type species : xastilia kosugei bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994
vitularia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vitularia miliaris gmelin , j . f . , 1791
pazinotus vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : pazinotus stimpsonii dall , w . h . , 1889
africanella vermeij , g . j . & r . houart , 1999 type species : africanella isaacsi houart , r . , 1984
xanthochorus fischer , p . , 1884 type species : purpura xanthostoma broderip , w . j . , 1833
ceratostoma herrmannsen , a . n . , 1846 type species : ceratostoma nuttalli conrad , t . a . , 1837
chicocenebra bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1996 type species : chicocenebra gubbi reeve , l . a . , 1849
chorus gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : chorus giganteus lesson , r . p . , 1831
crassilabrum jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : crassilabrum crassilabrum sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834
eupleura adams , a . in adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : eupleura caudata say , t . , 1822
forreria jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : forreria belcheri hinds , r . b . , 1843
forreria ( austrotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : forreria ( austrotrophon ) cerrosensis dall , w . h . , 1891
forreria ( zacatrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : forreria ( zacatrophon ) beebei hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1948
genkaimurex kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : genkaimurex varicosus kuroda , t . , 1953
hadriania bucquoy , e . j . & ph . dautzenberg , 1882 type species : murex craticulatus brocchi , g . b . , 1814
inermicosta jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : inermicosta inermicosta vokes , e . h . , 1964
jaton pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : jaton decussatus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
nucella röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : buccinum filosum gmelin , j . f . , 1791
nucella ( acanthina ) fischer von waldheim , g . , 1870 type species : buccinum monoceros chemnitz , j . h . , 1786
nucella ( acanthinucella ) cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : nucella ( acanthinucella ) punctulata sowerby , g . b . i , 1825
ocinebrina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : murex corallinus scacchi , a . , 1836
pteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) macroptera macroptera deshayes , g . p . , 1839
ocinebrellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : ocinebrellus eurypteron reeve , l . a . , 1845
pteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) berry , s . s . , 1959 type species : pteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) leeana dall , w . h . , 1890
pteropurpura ( poropteron ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( poropteron ) uncinaria lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
pterorytis conrad , t . a . , 1863 type species : pterorytis umbrifer conrad , t . a . , 1862
ocenebra gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : ocenebra erinacea linnaeus , c . , 1758
roperia dall , w . h . , 1898 type species : roperia poulsoni carpenter , p . p . , 1864
ocenotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1995 type species : ocenotrophon painei dall , w . h . , 1904
trochia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : trochia cingulata linnaeus , c . , 1771
urosalpinx stimpson , w . , 1865 type species : urosalpinx cinerea say , t . , 1822
vaughtia houart , r . , 1995 type species : vaughtia babingtoni sowerby , g . b . iii , 1892
trophon montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : murex magellanicus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
afritrophon tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1947 type species : afritrophon kowieensis sowerby , g . b . iii , 1901
anatrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : anatrophon sarmentosus hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908
boreotrophon fischer , p . , 1884 type species : boreotrophon clathratus linnaeus , c . , 1767
nodulotrophon habe , t . & k . ito , 1965 type species : trophon dalli kobelt , w . , 1878
coronium simone , l . r . l . de , 1996 type species : coronium oblongum simone , l . r . l . de , 1996
enatimene iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enatimene simplex hedley , c . , 1903
enixotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enixotrophon carduelis watson , r . b . , 1882
fuegotrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : fuegotrophon pallidus broderip , w . j . in broderip , w . j . & g . b . i sowerby , 1833
leptotrophon houart , r . , 1995 type species : leptotrophon caroae houart , r . , 1995
litozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : litozamia rudolphi brazier , j . in henn , a . u . , 1894
scabrotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1996 type species : scabrotrophon maltzani kobelt , w . & h . c . küster , 1878
stramonitrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : stramonitrophon laciniatus dillwyn , l . w . , 1817
minortrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : minortrophon crassiliratus suter , h . h . , 1908
benthoxystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : benthoxystus columnarius hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908
conchatalos houart , r . , 1995 type species : conchatalos lacrima houart , r . , 1991
gemixystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : gemixystus laminatus petterd , w . f . , 1884
nipponotrophon kuroda , t . & t . habe in kuroda , t . , t . habe & k . oyama , 1971 type species : boreotrophon echinus dall , w . h . , 1918
abyssotrophon egorov , r . v . , 1993 type species : abyssotrophon ruthenicus egorov , r . v . , 1993
xenotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : xenotrophon euschema iredale , t . , 1929
axymene finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : axymene turbator finlay , h . j . , 1927
comptella finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : comptella curta murdoch , r . , 1905
paratrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : paratrophon cheesemani cheesemani hutton , f . w . , 1882
terefundus finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : terefundus crispulatus suter , h . h . , 1908
trophonopsis bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : trophonopsis muricata montagu , g . , 1803
xymene iredale , t . , 1915 type species : xymene plebeius hutton , f . w . , 1873
xymenella finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : xymenella pusilla suter , h . h . , 1907
xymenopsis powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : xymenopsis liratus gould , a . a . , 1849
zeatrophon finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : zeatrophon ambiguus philippi , r . a . , 1844
trophonella harasewych , m . g . & g . pastorino , 2010 type species : trophonella scotiana powell , a . w . b . , 1951
pagodula monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : pagodula echinata kiener , l . c . , 1840
haustrum perry , g . , 1811 type species : haustrum zealandicum perry , g . , 1811
lepsiella iredale , t . , 1912 type species : haustrum scobina quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833
bedeva iredale , t . , 1924 type species : trophon hanleyi angas , g . f . , 1867
ergalatax iredale , t . , 1931 type species : ergalatax recurrens iredale , t . , 1931
bedevina habe , t . , 1946 type species : bedevina birileffi lischke , c . e . , 1871
cronia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835
cronia ( cronia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835
cronia ( usilla ) adams , h . g . , 1860 type species : cronia ( usilla ) avenacea lesson , r . p . , 1842
cytharomorula kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : cytharomorula vexillum kuroda , t . , 1953
daphnellopsis schepman , m . m . , 1913 type species : daphnellopsis lamellosa schepman , m . m . , 1913
drupella thiele , j . , 1925 type species : purpura elata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832
lataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883 type species : lataxiena lataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883
lindapterys petuch , e . j . , 1987 type species : lindapterys vokesae petuch , e . j . , 1987
maculotriton dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : triton bracteatus hinds , r . b . , 1844
morula schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula papillosa schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817
morula ( morula ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula ( morula ) uva röding , p . f . , 1798
morula ( azumamorula ) emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : morula ( azumamorula ) mutica lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
morula ( habromorula ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : morula ( habromorula ) biconica blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832
muricodrupa iredale , t . , 1918 type species : muricodrupa fenestrata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832
oppomorus iredale , t . , 1937 type species : oppomorus noduliferus menke , k . t . , 1829
orania pallary . m . p . , 1900 type species : murex spadae libassi , i . , 1859
pascula dall , w . h . , 1908 type species : pascula citrica dall , w . h . , 1908
phrygiomurex dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : phrygiomurex sculptilis reeve , l . a . , 1844
roquesia petuch , e . j . , 2013 type species : roquesia lindae petuch , e . j . , 2013
spinidrupa habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1966 type species : spinidrupa euracantha adams , a . , 1853
tenguella arakawa , k . y . , 1965 type species : tenguella granulata duclos , p . l . , 1832
trachypollia woodring , w . p . , 1928 type species : trachypollia sclera woodring , w . p . , 1928
uttleya marwick , j . , 1934 type species : uttleya arcana marwick , j . , 1934
drupa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : drupa morum morum röding , p . f . , 1798
drupa ( drupina ) dall , w . h . , 1923 type species : ricinula digitata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
drupa ( ricinella ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype
rapana schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : rapana bezoar linnaeus , c . , 1767
purpura bruguière , j . g . , 1789 type species : purpura persica linnaeus , c . , 1758
plicopurpura cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : plicopurpura columellaris lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
neorapana cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : neorapana muricata broderip , w . j . , 1832
thais röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758
thais ( thais ) röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758
thais ( mancinella ) link , h . f . , 1807 type species : thais ( mancinella ) mancinella linnaeus , c . , 1758
thais ( thalessa ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tylothais aculeata deshayes , g . p . , 1844
vasula mörch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : vasula melones duclos , p . l . , 1832
tribulus adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tribulus planospira lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
thaisella clench , w . j . , 1947 type species : thaisella coronata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
cymia mörch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : cymia sulcata swainson , w . a . , 1840
dicathais macpherson , j . h . & c . j . gabriel , 1962 type species : dicathais orbita gmelin , j . f . , 1791
vexilla swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vexilla picta swainson , w . a .
concholepas lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801 type species : concholepas peruviana lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801
pinaxia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : pinaxia coronata adams , a . , 1851
neothais iredale , t . , 1912 type species : neothais smithi brazier , j . in etheridge , r . , 1889
reishia kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1971 type species : reishia bronni dunker , r . w . , 1860
semiricinula martens , e . c . von , 1904 type species : semiricinula muricina blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832
stramonita schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : stramonita haemastoma haemastoma linnaeus , c . , 1767
agnewia tenison - woods , j . e . , 1878 type species : purpura typica dunker , r . w .
acanthais vermeij , g . j . & h . h . kool , 1994 type species : acanthais brevidentata wood , w . , 1828
taurasia bellardi , l . , 1882 type species : taurasia subfusiformis orbigny , a . v . m . d . d ' , 1852
nassa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : nassa picta röding , p . f . , 1798
indothais claremont , m . , g . j . vermeij , s . t . williams & d . g . reid , 2013 type species : indothais lacera born , i . von , 1778
tylothais houart , r . , 2017 type species : tylothais savignyi deshayes , g . p . in lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1844
coralliophila adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
coralliophila ( coralliophila ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
coralliophila ( coralliobia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliobia ) fimbriata adams , a . , 1854
coralliophila ( pseudomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1872 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) aedonia watson , r . b . , 1886
babelomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis réquien , e . , 1848
babelomurex ( babelomurex ) coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis réquien , e . , 1848
babelomurex ( echinolatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1979 type species : babelomurex echinatus azuma , m . , 1960
babelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1974 type species : babelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) fruticosus kosuge , s . , 1979
babelomurex ( lamellatiaxis ) habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( babelomurex ) marumai habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970
babelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) habe , t . , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) kuroharai habe , t . , 1970
emozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : emozamia licina hedley , c . & w . f . petterd , 1906
fusomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : murex alucoides blainville , h . m . d . de , 1829
galeropsis huppé , l . - h . , 1860 type species : galeropsis lavenayanus huppé , l . - h . , 1860
hirtomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus lamellosus philippi , r . a . , 1836
latiaxis swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : latiaxis mawae gray , j . e . in griffith , e . & e . pidgeon , 1834
magilus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : magilus antiquus montfort , p . d . de , 1810
mipus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : mipus gyratus hinds , r . b . , 1844
quoyula iredale , t . , 1912 type species : quoyula monodonta blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832
rapa röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : rapa rapa linnaeus , c . , 1758
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bieler r . bouchet p . dijkstra h . faber m . finn j . garcia - alvarez o . gofas s . la perna r . marshall b . moretzsohn f . neubauer t . a . rosenberg g . sartori a . f . schneider s . taylor j . ter poorten j . j . & vos c . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . worms mollusca : molluscabase ( version 2018 - 06 - 06 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
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cerace sardias is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .

it is found in assam , india .

the wingspan is 40 – 42 mm .

the forewings are bright yellow , the base with a bluish-black shining streak .

the hindwings are bright yellow , the apical part dull brownish black .

cerace sardias

sardias meyrick , 1907 ( cerace ) , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 : 748 . tl : india , assam , khasi hills . lectotype : bmnh . female .
cerace is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae .
loxodes meyrick , 1912 ( cerace ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 19 . tl : india , tenasserim . holotype : calcm . female .
tetraonis butler , 1886 ( cerace ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1886 : 394 . tl : pakistan , lectotype : bmnh . unknown .
diehli buchsbaum & miller , 2002 ( cerace ) , heterocera sumatrana 12 ( 3 ) : 156 . tl : indonesia , sumatra . holotype : zsm . male .
ios diakonoff , 1941 ( cerace ) , treubia 18 : 30 . tl : borneo , northeast borneo ( mt . kinabalu ) . holotype : mnhu . female .
vietnamna kawabe , 1993 ( cerace ) , ty to ga 44 : 99 . tl : north vietnam , mt . tam dao . holotype : usnm . female .
myriopa meyrick , 1922 ( cerace ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 497 . tl : china , sichuan province , tse - chuan . holotype : mnhn . female .
onustana walker , 1863 ( cerace ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 423 . tl : nepal , holotype : bmnh . male .
nepalensis diakonoff , 1976 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , zool . verh . leiden 144 : 71 . tl : nepal . tamba kosi . holotype : zsm . female .
malayana diakonoff , 1970 ( cerace ) , tijdschr . ent . 113 : 101 . tl : malay peninsula , malay states ( bukit kutu ) . holotype : bmnh . female .
stipatana walker , 1863 ( cerace ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 422 . tl : india , silhert . lectotype : bmnh . male .
tonkinana heppner , 2010 ( cerace ) , lepid . novae 3 : 182 . tl : vietnam , ha toy province , ba vi national park . holotype : fsca . male .
semnologa diakonoff , 1976 ( cerace ) , zool . verh . leiden 144 : 70 . tl : nepal , province no . 3 east , junbesi . holotype : zsm . male .
perdicina moore , in hewitson & moore , 1888 ( cerace ) , descr . indian lepid . ins . : 279 . tl : india . bangla , darjiling . holotype : mnhu . male .
charidotis razowski , 1992 ( cerace ) , shilap revta . lepid . 20 : 108 . tl : vietnam , vietnam ( tam dao , 50 km nw hanoi ) . holotype : isez . female .
clara diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 211 . tl : india . holotype : bmnh . male .
anthera diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 194 . tl : ? , siao - lou . holotype : bmnh . male .
obscura diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace guttana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 202 . tl : india . bengal . holotype : bmnh . female .
exul diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 212 tl : china . chusan island . holotype : bmnh . male .
sinensis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 212 . tl : china . ichang , chang yang . holotype : bmnh . male .
xanthothrix diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 208 . tl : india , assam , naga hills . holotype : bmnh . male .
guttana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( cerace ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 51 . tl : india . holotype : bmnh . female .
cyanopyga diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 205 . tl : india , burma [ myanmar ] ( maymyo ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
euchrysa diakonoff , 1974 ( cerace ) , annls soc . ent . fr . ( n . s . ) 10 ( 1 ) : 220 . tl : thailand , northern thailand ( chiengmai ) . holotype : ncb . male .
formosana diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 211 tl : taiwan . ( koshum , gyocha ) . holotype : bmnh . female .
archimedis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace tetraonis ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 193 . tl : india . khasis , cherra punji . holotype : bmnh . female .
xanthocosma diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 197 . tl : japan , honshu , yamato [ nara prefecture ] . holotype : bmnh . male .
lemeepauli leme , in leme & tams , 1950 ( cerace ) , contrib . lpid . haut - tonkin : 61 . tl : vietnam , vietnam ( haut - tonkin ) . ( nord - vietnam ) saigon . holotype : ncb . female .
birmensis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 210 . tl : india . burma [ myanmar ] ( ruby mines district , kosemba ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
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urodeta cuspidis is a moth of the elachistidae family .

it is found in cameroon .

the wingspan is 5.6-6.1 mm .

the thorax , tegula and forewing are strongly mottled with scales which are white basally and brown distally .

the hindwings are brownish grey .

adults have been recorded in early may .

urodeta cuspidis

urodeta cuspidis prins & sruoga , 2012 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank
urodeta cuspidis sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08°25 ' n 012°47 ' e , 275m
figures 61 – 63 . urodeta cuspidis , sp . n . , male genitalia . 61 , ventral view ; 62 , lateral view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005286 ; 63 , juxta region , dorsal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5284 . in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal .
figures 56 – 60 . urodeta cuspidis , sp . n . 56 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 57 , head , latero - frontal view . holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005283 ; 58 , general view of male genitalia . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 612 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005283 ; 59 , phallus ( arrow pointing to apex of juxta lobe ) ; 60 , basal part of phallus . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 614 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 . . .
urodela [ = urodeta ] stainton , 1869 ; tineina south . europe : 226 ; ts : urodela [ sic ] cisticolella stainton
type species : urodeta cisticolella stainton , 1869 [ = u . hibernella staudinger , 1859 ] . the tineina of southern europe : 226 . by monotypy .
urodeta absidata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08°23 ' n 012°49 ' e , 275m
urodeta aculeata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08°25 ' n 012°47 ' e , 275m
urodeta crenata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 7 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 275m , 08°23 ' n 012°40 ' e
urodeta falciferella ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 54 ; [ afromoths ]
urodeta faro sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 9 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08°23 ' n 012°49 ' e , 275m
urodeta gnoma ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55 ; [ afromoths ]
urodeta maculata ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55 ; [ afromoths ]
urodeta quadrifida sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 48 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1000m , tswaing crater reserve , 26°28 ' s 23°46 ' e
urodeta taeniata ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 56 ; [ afromoths ]
urodeta tortuosa sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 10 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08°23 ' n 012°49 ' e , 275m
urodeta trilobata sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 51 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1100m , tswaing crater reserve , 25°24 ' s 28°05 ' e
urodeta acinacella sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 48 , 53 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1100m , tswaing crater reserve , 25°24 ' s 28°05 ' e
urodeta acerba sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 5 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05°27 ' s 13°05 ' e , 320m
urodeta bucera sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 6 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05°27 ' s 13°05 ' e , 320m
urodeta talea sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 9 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05°27 ' s 13°05 ' e , 320m
sruoga v . & de prins j . 2012 . a review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus urodeta ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) , with description of new species . - zootaxa : 1–22 .
urodeta inusta kaila , 2011 ; monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 45 , pl . 1 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : western australia , 163km se by e broome , 18°49 ' s 123°17 ' e
prins , jurate de & sruoga , virginijus , 2012 , a review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus urodeta ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) , with description of new species , zootaxa 3488 , pp . 41 - 62 : 54
figures 75 – 76 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , male genitalia . 75 , lateral view ; 76 , juxta and phallus . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 620 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5269 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 54 – 55 . urodeta crenata , sp . n . , male genitalia . 54 , ventral view of valvae . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005276 ; 55 , lateral view . holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5272 . in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal .
figures 87 – 88 . urodeta tortuosa , sp . n . , female genitalia , holotype . 87 , caudal part ; 88 , colliculum region ( arrow pointing to spines in colliculum ) . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 624 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5288 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 72 – 74 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , holotype . 72 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 73 , head , frontal view ; 74 , general view of male genitalia . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 616 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4118 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 83 – 86 . urodeta tortuosa , sp . n . , holotype . 83 , adult female . scale bar 1 mm ; 84 , head , frontal view ; 85 , caudal part of female genitalia ; 86 , ductus and corpus bursae . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 624 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5288 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 64 – 67 . urodeta faro , sp . n . , holotype . 64 , adult female . scale bar 1 mm ; 65 , head , frontal view ; 66 , caudal part of female genitalia ; 67 , ductus and corpus bursae . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 622 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5282 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 50 – 53 . urodeta crenata , sp . n . , holotype . 50 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 51 , head , frontal view ; 52 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 53 , phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 610 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5272 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 33 – 36 . urodeta aculeata , sp . n . , holotype . 33 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 34 , head , latero - frontal view ; 35 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 36 , phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 601 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5275 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 68 – 71 . urodeta faro , sp . n . , female genitalia . 68 , caudal part , enlarged ; 69 , colliculum ; 70 , ductus bursae . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 622 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005282 ; 71 , corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 623 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5287 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 19 – 22 . urodeta absidata , sp . n . 19 , male genitalia , ventral view ; 20 , male genitalia , lateral view . holotype , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . specimen id : rmca ent 000005274 ; 21 , female genitalia , caudal part ; 22 , ductus and corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 595 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5931 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 29 – 32 . urodeta acerba , sp . n . , female genitalia . 29 , caudal part ; 30 , ductus and corpus bursae ; 31 , caudal part , enlarged . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 598 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5280 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm ; 32 , corpus bursae , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5289 .
figures 13 – 18 . urodeta absidata , sp . n . , holotype . 13 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 14 , head , frontal view ; 15 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 16 , phallus ; 17 , apical part of male genitalia ( arrow pointing to cusp - shaped spine ) ; 18 , apical part of phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 594 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5274 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .
figures 23 – 28 . urodeta acerba , sp . n . 23 , adult male ; 24 , head , frontal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4120 . scale bar 1 mm ; 25 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 26 , phallus . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 596 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005278 ; 27 , male genitalia , lateral view , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal ; 28 , apical part of phallus ( arrow pointing to apex . . .
figures 37 – 41 . urodeta bucera , sp . n . 37 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 38 , head , frontal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000004119 ; 39 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 40 , phallus . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 602 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4125 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm ; 41 , male genitalia , lateral view , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent . . .
figures 77 – 82 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , female genitalia . 77 , caudal part ; 78 , ductus and corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 619 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005266 ; 79 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 617 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004117 ; 80 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 618 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005259 ; 81 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 621 , . . .
figures 42 – 49 . urodeta bucera , sp . n . , female genitalia . 42 , caudal part ; 43 , ductus and corpus bursae ; 44 , caudal part , enlarged ; 45 , ductus bursae with internal spines ; 46 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 606 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004123 ; 47 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 609 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004127 ; 48 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 607 , specimen id : rmca ent . . .
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[ south africa , gauteng ] , beynertspoort , pretoria , i and xii , leg . a . j . t . janse .
meyrick e . 1911b . descriptions of transvaal micro - lepidoptera ii . - annals of the transvaal museum 2 ( 4 ) : 218–240 .
larva on cistus monspeliensis [ me5 ] , 195 , cistus salviaefolius , c . ladaniferus , c . x _ ledon de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55
phthinostoma maculata mey , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 4 : 21 , pl . 1 , f . 7 ; tl : namibia , waterberg national park
phthinostoma taeniata mey , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 4 : 22 ; tl : namibia , otavi mts . , varianto farm
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
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staudinger , 1859 diagnosen nebst kurzen beschreibungen neuer andalusischer lepidopteren stettin ent . ztg 20 ( 7 - 9 ) : 211 - 259
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
stainton h . t . 1869 . the tineina of southern europe . - — : i ~ viii , 1–370 .
sruoga v . & de prins j . 2011 . new species of elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) from cameroon and the democratic republic of the congo . - zootaxa 3008 : 1–32 .
sruoga v . & de prins j . 2009 . the elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) of kenya with descriptions of eight new species . - zootaxa 2172 : 1–31 .
mey w . 2007b . microlepidoptera : smaller families . – in mey , w . ( ed . ) the lepidoptera of the brandberg massif in namibia . part 2 . - esperiana memoir 4 : 9–30 .
, sp . n . ”— sruoga , v . & de prins , j . 2011 . zootaxa 3008 : 8–9 , figs 1 , 3 , 4 , 56–63 . type locality : cameroon , north province ,
river camp , 08° 25 ' n 012° 47 ' e , 275 m . type specimens : holotype 3 , 04 . v . 2005 , leg . j . & w . de prins ; genitalia slide mrac
; paratypes 33 , same locality data as holotype , 01 . v . 2005 , 04 . v . 2005 , 09 . v . 2005 , leg . j . & w . de prins ; genitalia slides mrac
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sruoga , virginijus , prins , jurate de ( 2011 ) : new species of elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) from cameroon and the democratic republic of the congo . zootaxa 3008 : 1 - 32 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 278510
figures 6 – 12 . elachista cordata sp . n . 6 , holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5253 . scale bar 1 mm ; 7 , head , latero - frontal view , male , paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005254 ; 8 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 9 , phallus ; 10 , juxta region ; 11 , apical part of phallus . holotype . scale bar 0 . 1 mm . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 592 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005253 ; 12 , gnathos , in glycerol . . .
figures 1 – 5 . collecting localities of the afrotropical elachistinae species . 1 , cameroon , north province , faro river floodplain ; 2 , drc , bas - congo , mayumbe forest ; 3 , general map indicating collecting sites ; 4 , collecting site in cameroon ; 5 , collecting site in drc .
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coenaculum weerdtae is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family tofanellidae .

the species is one of four known species to exist within the genus coenaculum , the other three being coenaculum minutulum , coenaculum secundum and coenaculum tertium .

coenaculum weerdtae

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one of the most intriguing patterns in mammalian biogeography is the “island rule” , which states that colonising species have a tendency to converge in body size , with larger species evolving decreased sizes and smaller species increased sizes . it has recently been suggested that an analogous pattern holds for the colonisation of the deep - sea benthos by marine gastropoda . in particular , a pioneering study showed that gastropods from the western atlantic showed the same graded trend from dwarfism to gigantism that is evident in island endemic mammals . however , subsequent to the publication of the gastropod study , the standard tests of the island rule have been shown to yield false positives at a very high rate , leaving the result open to doubt .
the evolution of gastropod body size in the deep sea is reexamined . using an extended and updated data set , and improved statistical methods , it is shown that some results of the previous study may have been artifactual , but that its central conclusion is robust . it is further shown that the effect is not restricted to a single gastropod clade , that its strength increases markedly with depth , but that it applies even in the mesopelagic zone .
the replication of the island rule in a distant taxonomic group and a partially analogous ecological situation could help to uncover the causes of the patterns observed—which are currently much disputed . the gastropod pattern is evident at intermediate depths , and so cannot be attributed to the unique features of abyssal ecology .
citation : welch jj ( 2010 ) the “island rule” and deep - sea gastropods : re - examining the evidence . plos one 5 ( 1 ) : e8776 . urltoken
copyright : © 2010 john j . welch . this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
funding : some preliminary work undertaken when jw was funded by bbsrc grant do17750 awarded to andrew rambaut . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
here , i re - examine whether deep - sea gastropods manifest the island rule , making use of the improved statistical methods , and data collated from the recently updated malacolog database [ 24 ] , which has been both expanded , and revised to reflect advances in gastropod systematics [ 25 ] . it is found that the central conclusion of mcclain et al . [ 12 ] is robust , and that gastropod colonists of the deep - sea benthos do indeed exhibit island - rule - like evolution .
part a shows how different tests of the ‘island rule’ can give qualitatively different results . “deep - sea” species were defined as those with a depth range midpoint > 200m , and all other species defined as “shallow - water” . the ordinary - least - squares regression ( dashed line ) differs significantly from the 1∶1 line of the null ( dotted line ) , but the standardized - major - axis regression ( solid line ) shows no significant departure . part b shows a less ambiguous case : “deep - sea” species are those never observed above 400m , and “shallow - water” species those never observed below 200m ; body sizes are within - genus means , taking equal numbers of deep - and shallow - water species in each genus .
the body sizes of deep - sea gastropods are plotted against those of their shallow - water congeners . “shallow - water” species were never observed below 200m , and “deep - sea” species never observed above depths of a : 200m , b : 400m and c : 600m . separate standardized - major - axis regression lines are shown for the neogastropoda ( black points ) and all other groups ( grey points ) . the dotted line is the 1∶1 expected under the null . genera with fewer than two deep and two shallow species were excluded .
similarly , predator release is a particularly plausible explanation of the vertebrate island rule [ 1 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 11 ] ; this is partly because it can naturally account for both dwarfism and gigantism ( by assuming that large and small body sizes evolve as alternative strategies for predator avoidance ) , and partly because predator release is so clearly implicated in other unusual characteristics of island endemics ( such as tameness ) [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] . but there is little evidence that reduced predation characterises the deep - sea [ 12 ] , [ 14 ] , and indeed there is direct evidence of substantial predation acting on deep - sea gastropods [ 12 ] , [ 39 ] – [ 41 ] . the gastropod results therefore argue against the predator release hypothesis as a general explanation of the island rule [ 12 ] .
we are therefore still far from understanding the causes of the patterns observed – and particularly the roles of inter - and intra - specific competition [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 11 ] , [ 12 ] . a detailed clarification of where the pattern does and does not hold will be an important step toward achieving this goal [ 4 ] , [ 12 ] , [ 19 ] , [ 20 ] .
many thanks are due to andrew rambaut for providing a script to mine the malacolog database . many thanks also to lucy weinert , nicolas bierne , gary rosenberg , shai meiri . simon joly and an anonymous reviewer , who all greatly improved the manuscript with their comments and advice .
conceived and designed the experiments : jw . performed the experiments : jw . analyzed the data : jw . wrote the paper : jw .
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( gastropoda : eulimidae ) from the west indies venus 51 43 - 46 . [ stated date : - - jul 1992 . ]
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51 . coenagrion syriacum 52 . coenagrion vanbrinkae 53 . coenagrionidae 54 . coenagrionoidea 55 . coenberht 56 . coencytic 57 . coend 58 . coendidae 59 . coendoo 60 . coendou 61 . coendous 62 . coendure 63 . coene 64 . coenen 65 . coenenchym 66 . coenenchyma 67 . coenenchymal 68 . coenenchymata 69 . coenenchymatous 70 . coenenchyme 71 . coenenchymes 72 . coenenchyms 73 . coeneo de la libertad 74 . coenergy 75 . coenesque
76 . coenestheses 77 . coenesthesia 78 . coenesthesias 79 . coenesthesis 80 . coenesthetic 81 . coenie de villiers 82 . coenie oosthuizen 83 . coenie van wyk 84 . coenipeta 85 . coenjoy 86 . coeno 87 . coenobe 88 . coenobes 89 . coenobia 90 . coenobiar 91 . coenobies 92 . coenobioid 93 . coenobita 94 . coenobita brevimanus 95 . coenobita cavipes 96 . coenobita clypeatus 97 . coenobita perlatus 98 . coenobita purpureus 99 . coenobita rugosus 100 . coenobita scaevola
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publication date january 19 , 2010 journal plos one author john j . welch volume 5 issue 1 pages e8776 doi urltoken publisher url urltoken pubmed urltoken pubmed central urltoken europe pmc urltoken web of science 000273778900019 scopus 77649287097 mendeley urltoken
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eupithecia tshimganica is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in afghanistan , uzbekistan and tajikistan .

adults are pale yellowish or yellow-grey .

eupithecia tshimganica

this is the place for tshimganica definition . you find here tshimganica meaning , synonyms of tshimganica and images for tshimganica copyright 2017 © urltoken
eupithecia absinthiata clerck , 1759 = eupithecia coagulata guenée in boisduval and guenée , 1858 .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tshimganica . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tshimganica and , of course , tshimganica synonyms and on the right images related to the word tshimganica .
ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
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fauna pyadenits gor srednei azii [ geometridae fauna of the central asian mountains . ]


gnathifera acacivorella is a moth in the epermeniidae family .

it was described by gaedike in 1968 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from tasmania .

larvae have been reported feeding in galls on acacia species .

gnathifera acacivorella

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gnathifera punctata gaedike , 2013 ; beitr . entomol . 63 ( 1 ) : 158
gnathifera gaedike , 1978 ; beitr . entomol . 28 ( 1 ) : 208 ; ts : epermenia opsias meyrick
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epermenia aphronesa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 431 ; tl : tasmania
ochromolopis bidentella gaedike , 1981 ; reichenbachia 19 ( 35 ) : 211 ( repl . _ ochromolopis bidentata gaedike , 1968 )
queensland , new south wales , south australia , tasmania . see [ maps ]
epermenia eurybias meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 429 ; tl : toowoomba , queensland ; glen innes and sydney ; gisborne and healesville , victoria ; hobart , tasmania
epermenia opsias meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 430 ; tl : bathurst , blackheath , and mt kosciusco , new south wales ; deloraine , tasmania
ochromolopis paropsias gaedike , 1972 ; beitr . entomol . 22 ( 3 - 6 ) : 145
epermenia proserga meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 318 ; tl : barberton
ochromolopis pseudaphronesa gaedike , 1972 ; beitr . entomol . 22 ( 3 - 6 ) : 144
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
meyrick , 1913 descriptions of south african micro - lepidoptera ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 267 - 336
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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erosaria gangranosa is a species of sea snail , a cowry , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family cypraeidae , the cowries .

there is one subspecies : erosaria gangranosa reentsii ( dunker , 1852 )

erosaria gangranosa

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : erosaria gangranosa ( l . w . dillwyn , 1817 ) - id : 1591150825
verdcourt , b . ( 1954 ) . the cowries of the east african coast ( kenya , tanganyika , zanzibar and pemba ) . journal of the east africa natural history society 22 ( 4 ) 96 : 129 - 144 , 17 pls . [ details ]
validity dna tested by chris meyer ( cgdp ) and not recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit ( esu ) . until more evidence becomes available to validate it , it should be considered a species inquirenda . [ details ]
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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fusus brevis is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

fusus brevis is a nomen dubium

fusus brevis

buccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum
buccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum .
buccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum | dpla
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saginafusus iredale , t . , 1931 type species : saginafusus pricei pricei smith , e . a . , 1887
melongena schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype
pugilina schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : pugilina morio linnaeus , c . , 1758
hemifusus swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : hemifusus colosseus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
volema röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : volema paradisiaca röding , p . f . , 1798
pyrula lamarck , j . b . p . a . de type species : unknowngenustype
taphon adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : taphon striatum gray , j . e . in griffith , e . & e . pidgeon , 1834
depth : 0 to 30 m ( live 0 . 3 to 0 . 3 m )
distribution : venezuela : unlocalized ; st . vincent & the grenadines : grenada ; trinidad & tobago : trinidad , tobago ; guyana , french guiana , surinam , brazil : para , maranhao , ceara , rio grande do norte , paraiba , pernambuco , alagoas , bahia , espirito santo , sao paulo , parana , santa catarina
comments : nude name ; based on
gmel . murex morio sp . 62 . var .
, but with no description or indication ;
der ungekerbte mohr
is a common name . röding gave exactly the same citation for his
references : deshayes ( 1844 ) s ; e . h . vokes ( 1971 ) s ; petit ( 2003 ) s
beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universitat zu rostock 3 pp . [ i - ii ] + 101 - 165 . rostock . [ stated date : 17 may 1807 . ]
systema naturae systema naturae , 10th ed . , vol . 1 824 pp . laurentii salvii : holmiae [ stockholm , sweden ] .
deliciae naturae selectae deliciae naturae selectae 1 viii + 132 pp . , 38 pls . nürnburg .
conchology iv + 5 pp . , 61 pls . william miller : london .
museum boltenianum viii + 199 pp . hamburg . [ stated date : - - sep 1798 . ]
essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés [ iv ] + 287 pp . , 22 pls . schultz : copenhague . [ stated date : - - - - - 1817 ; true date : post 1 mar . ]
the national phytoplankton monitoring network ( pmn ) is a community - based network of volunteers monitoring marine phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms ( habs ) . pmn recognizes the interrelationships between humans and coastal ecosystems while providing volunteer citizen scientists with meaningful opportunities for hands - on science engagement . the pmn enhances the nation’s ability to respond to and manage the growing threat posed by habs by collecting important data for species composition and distribution in coastal waters and creating working relationships between volunteers and professional marine biotoxin researchers .
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sive responsio secunda ad maledicam . . . joan . cochlaei de scripturae et ecclesiae authoritate replicam


eupithecia correana is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in the regions of o'higgins ( colchagua province ) , maule ( curico province ) and araucania ( malleco province ) in chile .

the habitat consists of the northern valdivian forest biotic province .

the length of the forewings is about 7.5 mm for males and 7-7.5 mm for females .

the median area of the forewings is white or pale greyish white , contrasting with the dark brown basal area and faintly reddish brown distal area .

the hindwings are greyish white , with dark brown scales basally and pale greyish brown scales distally .

adults have been recorded on wing in january and february .

eupithecia correana

eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .
ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )
the eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of chile . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 186 , article 3
eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .
eupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90° to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .
the larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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bulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .
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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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chinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .
skinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .
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. ” on his return to spain he found his old regiment about to march fo . . . . . . t imitate that life of mine when i in lonely sadness on the great rock
there to pine ; thou , . . . . . . what thou dost ; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the
of thy rashness . ” the car - rier gave no heed to these words ( and he . . . . . . be with you , and keep in mind what you have promised and sworn under those
that have been already declared to you . ” so saying , he gave rocin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the
of fire . “no , ” said the niece , “there is no reason for showing merc . . . . . . ou , master nicholas , i say let this and ‘amadis of gaul’ be remit - ted the
of fire , and as for all the rest , let them perish with - out further . . . . . . never slept a day under a roof , went to their graves as much maids as the
that bore them . i say , then , that in these and other respects our g . . . . . . ar , hatred nor love , should make them swerve from the path of truth , whose
is history , rival of time , storehouse of deeds , witness for the past . . . . . . ked plough had not dared to rend and pierce the tender bowels of our first
, belonging to a genus that feeds on feathers ; a beetle ( quedius ) and * . . . . . . brating so rapidly as to be scarcely visible , i was reminded of the sphinx
: their movements and habits are indeed in many respects very similar . . . . . . . than any other race of animals . i allude only to the butterflies ; for the
, contrary to what might have been ex - pected from the rankness of the . . . . . . ads . nothing could be more interest - ing than some of the family groups . a
with one or two daughters would often come to our rancho , mounted on . . . . . . manner in which his laws were enforced . one of these was , that no man , on
of being put into the stocks , should carry his knife on a sunday : t . . . . . . ate individual , but likewise used them , as old spain had done before for a
settlement . en - gland claimed her right an seized them . the english - . . . . . . yages of the adventure and beagle , is in lat . 46 degs . 50 ' , in the gulf of
. it is 15 miles long , and in one part 7 broad and descends to the sea . . . . . . an rafael . the posi - tion of the glaciers at this place and in the gulf of
may be put even in a more striking point of view , for they descend to . . . . . . in charge of this same fortress . after we left south america , he paid the
in the usual manner , by being con - quered , taken prisoner , and shot . . .
that 60 don quixote have been already declared to you . ” so sayin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the
copyright © world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .
organic farming - externalities - biodiversity . . . nearly all non - crop , naturally occurring species observed in comparative farm land practice studies show a preference for organic farming both by abundance and diversity . . . an average of 30 % more species inhabit organic farms . . . many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests . . .
nemertea . . . all species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts ( turns inside - out ) to emerge just above the mouth and capture the animal ' s prey with venom . . . a few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends , with which they attach to a host . . . chemoreceptors , and on their heads some species have a number of pigment - cup ocelli , which can detect light but not form an image . . .
orthoptera - life cycle . . . orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or incomplete metamorphosis . . . of sound is generally crucial in courtship , and most species have distinct songs . . . the number of moults varies between species growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions . . .
nemertea - taxonomy . . . comprises 100 marine species . . . comprises about 400 species . . . includes seven species , of which six live as commensals in the mantle of large clams and one in that of a freshwater snail . . .
nemertea - description - nervous system and senses . . . most nemertean species have just one pair of nerve cords , many species have additional paired cords , and some species also have a dorsal cord . . . in some species the cords lie within the skin , but in most they are deeper , inside the muscle layers . . . some species have paired cerebral organs , sacs whose only openings are to the outside . . .
nature seemed to have adorned herself for our departure with a profusion of fringes and curls , mingled with the bright tints of flowers , reflected in the water . but we missed the white water - lily , which is the queen of river flowers , its reign being over for this season . . . . many of this
a man can go from being a lover to being a stranger in three moves flat . . . but a woman under the guise of friendship will engage in acts of duplicity which come to light very much later . there are different
to survive in a world full of stimuli ; but it prevents the survival of the aristocracy .