homing ( foaled 1975 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

although he never won at group one race , he established himself as the leading horse in europe over one mile in 1978 .

his early form was moderate , but in the autumn of his three-year-old season he made dramatic improvement to record wide margin victories in the prix du rond point and the queen elizabeth ii stakes .

he was retired from racing at the end of the season , having won six of his fourteen races , and had modest success as a breeding stallion .

homing ( horse )

our group has a number of beautiful horses available for fostering and re - homing to their forever home .
saffyre sanctuary offers a re - homing service for those horses we are unable to physically take in at our location . our compassionate re - homing service provides assistance to horse owners who are going through financial hardships , foreclosures , illness , relocations , and other adversities .
you’ll find full details about our re - homing process here but please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions .
they seem to have a very strong homing ability which i guess comes from their need to find their home pastures etc in the wild .
there is a certain amount of risk involved with re - homing a horse with a traumatic past . nicola was fortunate that a family member was willing to take jigsaw on .
as much as i love my tb , i doubt he ' d have the same road sense or homing instincts as my dear old section d .
once the contract has been exchanged and the re - homing fee received by the btrc you can make the arrangements for transporting the horse . you will be responsible for the cost of transport and for all the costs of keeping the horse thereafter .
horse and hound forums > horse & hound online forum > the tack room > rehoming a horse . . . . . . have you ?
we will use all of our available resources to place your horse , including internet postings , screening potential adopters , reference checks , and adopter site inspections . when choosing us for your re - homing needs , you can rest assured that your horse will be protected under our standard
once the contract has been exchanged and the re - homing fee received by the h . a . c . k . you can make the arrangements for transporting the horse . you will be responsible for the cost of transport and for all the costs of keeping the horse thereafter .
by the time your horse is ready for its new loan home the charity will have invested a considerable amount of time and money into the horse . for this reason , we ask loaners to pay a non - refundable re - homing fee when the horse is taken from the btrc and for our loaners to become a committed giver .
if you are interested in our re - homing service , please download the forms on this page to review our terms and assess whether we are able to assist you . thank you for your confidence in our organization and allowing us to help you and your horse !
, so by the time the horse is fit to go to a loan home a considerable amount of time , energy , and money has been invested in it . we ask loaners to pay a non - refundable re - homing fee when the horse is taken from the h . a . c . k . horse sanctuary of £500 horse - £150 - £250 pony , a requirement is that loaners should at all times have third party , public liability and vet fees insurance for the horse .
our goal is to place your horses as quickly as possible . however , we do not offer any guarantee that we can do that , or in what time frame . we encourage owners to continue to locate other avenues to safely place their horse , while we assist in the re - homing process . though we never want to see a horse in a detrimental situation , please note that we are unable to assist owners who wish to use our re - homing service because they do not want to spend the time or money to rehabilitate an ill or lame horse . we insist on owner responsibility before anything else .
purchase is a finalist in the thoroughbred care and welfare category for the third time , this year joined by jane gollan , who made the final two for her work in re - homing almost every horse that retires from the stable of her husband , queensland ' s premier trainer tony gollan .
when you have found your perfect match we will arrange a pre homing visit to the premises where the horse will be kept . we are not looking for perfection but good husbandry , a secure , safe and loving home . we will request two references per loaner to ensure the home is suitable .
this age of disposable things should not apply to animals . if anyone can take a horse , or knows someone who can , please consider rehoming a horse from world horse welfare .
also from the weir stable is lee purchase who , among other roles in the trainer ' s team , is credited with re - homing hundreds of the stable ' s retired racehorses into post - racing equestrian and pleasure careers in recent years .
you ' ve heard of homing pigeons ; now meet basil , the homing horse . the welsh cob fled his new stables at night by sliding a bolt with his teeth , he jumped a fence and trotted 3 miles down a main road - padding 14 different turn offs - to the farm in cilybebyll , south wales , where owner emily evans , 12 , lives .
emily ' s only ridden him home from the stables once ,
said her father , lyn ,
how he memorisd the route i just don ' t know . we ' re well out of the way
– a horse or pony which is usually a long - term project requiring a highly experienced rehomer . see individual horse’s details for more information .
there is a waiting list for ride able animals but as we try our best to match the right borrower to the right animal , not everyone has a long wait ! we have three sub categories of re - homing ride - able , companion ( non - ridden ) and fostering .
other state - based programs include tasracing’s off the track program , which also appears to be newly established without much information available ( though they do have a facebook page ) ; and queensland’s racehorse rehab , started in 2013 and dedicated to re - homing racehorses , but not industry affiliated .
as soon as a horse is enlisted into our program , our work begins .
your wants , needs think through your motivation and goals for adopting a horse .
this article originally appeared in the august 2010 issue of horse & rider magazine .
you will then become part of our guardian home network with access to support and advice whenever needed . you can expect our re - homing team to visit you at regular intervals to ensure that all is well and both you and your horse or pony are enjoying each other’s company . you can of course contact us at any time should you have any questions or require further advice .
you will then sign a contract laying down the terms and conditions of the loan . this is devised to safeguard all concerned , primarily the welfare of the horse . the horse remains the property of the h . a . c . k . horse sanctuary
view full version : rehoming a horse . . . . . . have you ?
if you require more about loaning a horse from the btrc please call 01524 812649 .
by : clydesdale horse society of great britain and ireland . published : ( 1878 )
by : clydesdale horse society of great britain & ireland . published : ( 1998 )
state horse councils or boards vary tremendously in their missions and programs . one example is the pennsylvania equine council . see what your state horse council or board has to offer .
each horse is taken in as a
first come , first serve
. this is why adoption is extremely important . once a horse is adopted at our facility , we can accept another horse who needs to enter right away . when enlisting a horse - we will personally meet with each owner , trainer and horse being offered to our program at either your farm or at the track ( we do hold licenses for local tracks ) .
i experienced the same kind of thing . a girl at our stables had a horse on trial . i was having a chat at another stables - between my stables and the horse ' s original home - when i heard the clatter of horse feet on the road , coming from a major a road . we chased after the horse but lost it .
– suitable for both ridden & driven work . see individual horse’s details for more information .
the important thing is not to wait until the last minute to try to rehome your horse ! making a responsible choice for your horse’s future takes time and effort , and the last thing you want to do is make a hasty decision that puts your horse at risk .
the horse in question you & apos ; ve found a facility you can trust . now apply equal diligence in checking out any horse you & apos ; re considering for adoption .
by : hunters ' improvement and national light horse breeding society . published : ( 1887 )
create an effective ad . we’ve all laughed at horrible sale ads on craigslist , with their misspellings , poor grammar , and photographs of scruffy , unwashed horses . this is no way to sell a horse , and frankly , your horse deserves better than that . craft your ad with care and include details that showcase your horse’s personality , including what makes him special and valuable . be honest about your horse’s strengths and shortcomings ; witholding information or misleading buyers is risky and could negatively impact your horse’s future . an honest presentation of your horse—both his good and not - so - good points—will help ensure your horse will be appreciated for who he is .
each horse turned into our program is reviewed individually . each horse is evaluated with a physical assessment that involves weight management , soundness and athletic ability . upon this assessment , the horse moves onto the next phase that will determine the type of rider as well as a suited discipline that will safely suit the horse . at this time we create nutrition , supplement and fitness programs .
donating your horse can be an option for certain horses with special skills but it’s not necessarily the easiest method for rehoming a horse . nonetheless , here are a few possibilities to look into :
sending your horse to auction or a feedlot . in western washington , sending a horse to auction means sending it to a livestock auction . it may be tempting to tell yourself that your horse will probably be purchased by someone nice , but you can’t control who gets your horse at the livestock auction . kill buyers attend these auctions to bid on low cost horses . the horses that leave with those buyers are hauled straight to canada to be slaughtered for their meat . horse slaughter is not a humane method for disposing of an unwanted horse . not only is the manner of death inhumane and often ineffective , what the horses experience on their way to the slaughter house is unacceptably cruel . please don’t risk letting this happen to your horse . selling a horse yourself is a lot more work , but it gives you a measure of control over your horse’s future .
this is a one time fee that allows us the properly care for your horse until adoption .
if at any time trrac attends an auction that a horse is obtained privately , that horse will be sent to a private , off - site quarantine facility , with veterinarian follow up treatment as protocol . as the horse is immediately received , the horse will receive the utmost medical care including coggins , vaccinations , farrier care and nutritional plans . each horse pulled from an auction will be fully assessed for soundness , injuries , riding ability and nutritional needs before being offered to the public .
horse slaughter is not a public service , but a foreign - owned business operating for profit and paid for by the wealthy . the failure to enact federal law prohibiting horse slaughter , the american horse slaughter prevention act , has allowed for the export of american horses to canada and mexico , exacerbating the brutality of already cruel transport and slaughter practices . no matter how horse slaughter is carried out , it isn’t and will never be a humane way of ending a horse’s life by anyone’s standards , including that of the avmas . horse slaughter is wrought with cruelty , is prolonged and excruciating and it’s man’s ultimate betrayal of the noble horse . and we , as americans , should be ashamed .
for more information , visit americans against horse slaughter ( urltoken ) or email : aahsus @ urltoken .
jon and carmen were experienced horse owners , with a background in training and an eye for horses .
giving your horse away for free on craigslist . this is also a very risky way to rehome your horse . someone can easily pick up your free horse and turn around and sell him to a kill buyer to make a quick buck . if you want to give your horse away to someone you trust , that’s okay . but please do your homework and make sure the new home meets your standards !
there is a £50 discount on all horses if taking on another blue cross horse within six months .
mike & apos ; s friend helped negotiate for a different horse at the same location - - a sturdy 10 - year - old quarter horse gelding with miles of ranch work and trails behind him .
sell your horse with a contract . once you have selected the perfect buyer , take one more step toward protecting your horse’s future well - being with a sales contract . the contract should include a provision for the right of first refusal , meaning that if your buyer has to resell your horse at any point , you will be contacted and given the option to either buy back or take back your horse .
there is in such objects the added element of the ( very literal ) objectification of the horse . in his letter to the editor , mence emphasizes the monetary value of the horse several times . quiz’s transition from prized racehorse to idiosychratic decorative arts object / s illustrates the commodification of the horse within society .
pros and cons of horse donation . giving your horse away can be very risky , so please do your homework before making a decision . your horse could end up making a significant contribution in the life of a disabled child or a young athlete , and that could be a wonderful thing . be absolutely certain that your horse will be well cared for , not only during his new career but afterwards as well .
the elderly horse . there is nothing that makes us sadder than when we are asked to take in an elderly horse , no matter what the reason for the horse needing to be rehomed . it is especially hard when the horse has lived the majority of his life in one home with one owner . after a lifetime of loyal service and love , it just isn’t right to send your elderly horse away into the unknown . do the right thing by giving your horse the dignified end he deserves . do it in a place that is comforting and familiar , and surround him with love and reassurance as he goes . it’s going to be difficult and painful for you , but your horse deserves this one last kindness from you .
what wonderful stories and how amazing to have a horse who loves you enough to attempt such a journey .
unsaddle horse in open area , walk away with the saddle and put on fence or a saddle rack .
we rehome our horses on a monitored loan . read below how this benefits both the horse and you .
doing your research before you adopt a rescue horse can help you avoid trouble and find a suitable match .
as a result , she let her heart rule her head when she saw a staked - out , dejected looking horse in a field . feeling sorry for the horse , she contacted the owners ; when they told her the animal was
a perfect kids & apos ; horse ,
she took them at their word .
center for animal welfare usda – aphis – animal welfare – horse protection the humane society : horses what is soring walking horse : grant and recognition program : the humane society carriage horses : the humane society interstate horseracing improvement act issues affecting the u . s . horse industry | american horse council ntra – 2016 code of standards friends of sound horses american veterinary medical association ending soring : american association of equine practitioners equine advocacy center : humane society
take part in the training process . depending on the agreement you develop with your new trainer , you’ll likely be involved to some extent in your horse’s training . it’s important that you establish and maintain an open channel of communication with your trainer . it is also important to keep up to date on your horse’s progress by watching your horse being worked periodically . also , let your trainer know you need to rehome or sell your horse . he or she may be able to help you by showing your horse to potential buyers or networking on your behalf .
every horse who enters our facility is automatically micro - chipped as well as freeze branded for identification protection purposes .
, and we will do our best to ensure that your horse is matched with the right person or family .
i ' ve actually ridden basil the homing pony he was loaned out to my riding school for a while . he ' s a very sweet , quiet little gent , and lovely to ride . i ' m so glad he didn ' t come to any harm on his escapade . one bit of road he went along is very busy , even in the dark , and some people drive along it very fast .
elsewhere in australia , racing and wagering wa appear to have taken a similar ( at times to the point of copy - and - paste ) approach to racing victoria , hosting a dedicated ‘off the track’ section on their website , including a list of retrainers , and a link to the website of ‘rehome a racehorse wa’ , who seem to be the organisation at the real frontline of re - homing ex - racehorses .
* it was not unusual in the colonial period for a horse’s owner to also serve as the jockey when racing .
the second horse mike acquired for his girls came from a trade .
this time we dodged a mistake by having an experienced friend come along ,
reveals mike , who initially had answered an ad to trade a mini for a full - sized horse . he had the mini , but the horse on the other end of the deal turned out to be an unstarted 2 ? - year - old filly - - an unsuitable choice for people with limited horse experience .
also from the weir stable is lee purchase whose various roles in the trainer’s team includes re - settling retired racehorses . she has so far found homes for some 250 of them , her dedication to her cause compelling her to follow each of them in their new careers and making her a finalist in the thoroughbred care and welfare category for the second time . in the same section of the awards , jane gollan made the final two for her work in re - homing virtually every horse that retires from the stable of her husband , queensland’s premier trainer tony gollan .
the unwanted horse . it’s a harsh reality to face , but unwanted horses end up suffering . if you have a horse that can’t be handled safely , has no marketable skills , exhibits dangerous behavior , or is clearly unhappy in the company of other horses , the best choice may be to give your horse a humane and dignified end . if you have tried and failed to place your horse into a new home , or if it’s too late to provide your horse with training to increase his marketability , euthanization may be the only option left to you . and it may feel like a failure , but try to remember that it’s a far better choice that letting your horse end up in a bad situation .
the volunteers at h . a . c . k . are well known for their dedication towards the welfare of the horse
i rehomed my boy from the sspca - different kettle of fish though as you buy the horse and take over ownership .
can you return the horse if it doesn & apos ; t work out ? a good rescue will allow you a time period for settling in together and will take the horse back if you feel you & apos ; ve made a mistake .
leasing is a way to retain ownership of your horse while allowing you to take a break from expenses for a period of time . leasing is essentially renting your horse to another rider , someone who wants to have a horse to ride and enjoy and can cover basic expenses but who might not be ready for the full financial obligations of horse ownership . you can arrange a full lease , in which the lessee has full custody of your horse and pays the full cost of its board , care , and veterinary expenses . there are also half - leases and quarter leases in which you share the costs of care with the lessee in exchange for a proportional amount of riding time . this can be a great way to reduce your monthly expenses while remaining in control of your horse’s care and well being , especially if you keep your horse at a boarding facility with an active trainer or a riding program . your trainer may already know a rider who’d be interested in leasing or part leasing your horse in order to have a regular mount to ride in lessons and practice with . things to consider when leasing your horse :
she now knows that the fact the people wouldn & apos ; t ride the horse for her should & apos ; ve been a big , red flag . and , once she got the horse home , she discovered that not only was it not a kids & apos ; horse , it was so difficult as to be suitable for only the most experienced of handlers .
rehoming a horse from redwings is incredibly rewarding . not only will you be doing something amazing by giving a loving home to a rescued horse or pony but you will also be making space at the sanctuary for us to help more horses in need .
- may have the potential to be suitable for ridden or driven work . see individual horse ' s details for more information .
breed : welsh cross sex : mare age : 4 height : 13 . 2hh use : project horse and pony glenda spooner farm
do you have a suitable place to keep a horse ( or a second horse ) and enough money for feed , hoof and veterinary care , and other maintenance ? true , your new horse might cost you only a nominal adoption fee to acquire - - typically from around $ 200 to $ 600 for a rehabbed horse , though a specialty breed with training could come with a fee of up to $ 2 , 000 or more . ( and some rescues waive the adoption fees in special circumstances . ) still , as with all horse acquisitions , it & apos ; s the ongoing maintenance costs of the animal that are your true expense . so , any way you look at it , put the notion of a
free
horse out of your mind .
it used to be you’d hear “thoroughbred , ” “arab , ” or “quarter horse” when you asked what kind of horse someone owned . now , you’re just as likely to hear “rescue . ” horses have long been bought and sold by breed or discipline , but a whole new category is making inroads in the horse industry – the rescue horse . these horses may be unwanted , broken or labelled dangerous , but all have one thing in common…a story of kindness , of someone who cared . following are three such stories .
blue cross owns the majority of our horses and most are rehomed on a loan agreement initially . our horse welfare coordinators will visit you every so often to give advice and support where needed . the number of visits will depend on you and your horse’s needs .
the parelli foundation is committed to disclosing any circumstance or condition related to any horse we offer for sale no matter how potentially insignificant .
if you are looking at adopting a horse , clinician nettie barr of canadian natural horsemanship recommends you look at the realities of your situation and not let emotions lead your decisions . consider the physical needs , the mind and the background of the horse , and adopt one that matches your skill level , experience and resources . does the horse have any foot , dental or other health problems ? are there conformation issues that may limit its use or require custom saddle fitting ? has there been an injury or experience that will impact the horse’s behaviour or physical abilities ?
get your horse seen . there are many online sites for placing your sale ad . urltoken is one of the best . it’s going to take a small investment of about $ 20 for an ad with a photo , but that is the best way to reach more potential buyers . you can place an ad on dreamhorse for free without a photo , but it will be shuffled to the back of the list and won’t get as much attention as a photo ad will . in addition to online sales ads , create a full page flyer for your horse and post it where horse buyers will see it : at boarding stables , at tack shops and feed stores , and at horse show grounds . and don’t be afraid to network . the horse community is tightly knit and connected ; chances are that someone you know knows someone who is looking for a horse to buy . a lot of good networking takes place through local groups of horse enthusiasts on social media sites like facebook . selling your horse is a process that can take quite a bit of time , so again , don’t wait until the last minute to get started .
or someone in need of a break from the cost of horse care might gift a horse , temporarily or permanently , to someone offering a good home . broodmares might need to be culled from a breeding program , or young horses might need expensive training owners can no longer afford .
make the most of the showing . once you have an interested buyer , it’s time to show them your horse . be prepared to demonstrate what your horse can do before handing over the lead rope or reins to a prospective owner to have a go . once you’ve demonstrated your horse’s skills , you can then let the prospective buyer take over while you observe closely . pay attention to how they handle your horse and how your horse reacts to them . if the interaction is going poorly , it’s well within your rights to inform the buyer that you don’t feel it’s a good fit and end the showing . and even if things are going perfectly between your horse and the buyer at the showing , don’t rush into making a decision on the spot at the first meeting ! multiple visits may be necessary before you can both be sure this is a good fit . buying a horse is a very big commitment and should be weighed carefully by all parties . a buyer who shows up at the first visit with a trailer and a fist full of cash might someone who is willing to rush into a decision . and someone who is willing to rush into a decision to buy a horse might be inclined to resell the horse just as quick if the relationship doesn’t develop fast enough for them .
tonto is a brilliant horse with a very sensible and laid back attitude to life . he is good to . . . view profile > >
educating the public about issues of over breeding , the real cost of horse keeping and care , best practices in competition and care , etc .
while nicola is an experienced rescue operator , the average person should not attempt to rescue an injured or unhealthy horse . even in this case , luck played a huge role in jigsaw’s happy ending . most people should not rely on generousity to see them through the financial challenges of horse rescue .
further to this , another popular aspect of the phar lap narrative , frequently cited to support the horse’s positioning as an underdog , was his “cheap” price at auction . however it should be remembered that the 160 guineas paid for him was still too great a sum for harry telford , the struggling trainer whose interest in the colt was piqued by the horse’s bloodlines , to afford . instead , telford persuaded wealthy businessman davis to purchase the horse .
i probably looked more hilarious , running down the street in my riding gear , waving a whip and shouting ' anyone seen my horse ? ' .
americans against horse slaughter is a non - funded , grassroots national movement comprised of supporters of a federal ban on the slaughter and the transport to slaughter of american horses for human consumption overseas . americans against horse slaughter has no other agenda , other than to stop the brutal slaughter of american horses .
we fund education initiatives for horse rescue centers that improve the welfare of the horse and increase adoptability . we also support showmanship and competition when performed using natural horsemanship principles . rescue center education raises awareness of how natural horsemanship can help rescued horses have a future particularly through our rehoming 4 life challenge .
horses who enter our facility are fully assessed , slowly
let down
from their racing lives and are allowed to
just be a horse
. soon after , each horse is placed in professional training with a program customized for each horse . our horses are trained in multiple disciplines ( if applicable ) . they are introduced to ground work on a lunge line , then slowly re - introduced under saddle to basic dressage and if applicable - started over fences . every horse is introduced to trail riding , natural obstacles as well as introduced to situations off the facility premises including horse shows , cross country schooling , paper chases and trail riding . horses are generally offered to the public after completing these trials successfully to ensure a proper and secure fit .
this fee is received your assessment cannot be confirmed . should a suitable horse be found for you , this amount can be deducted from the loan fee .
the parelli foundation focuses on natural horsemanship education . we are making available a resource list for those seeking help in other areas related to horse welfare such as : .
carolyn stull is the animal welfare specialist at the university of california . she said , “selecting a rescue organization is important . i would ask about the longevity of the rescue – how long has it been in business ? what is their policy for adopting or purchasing a horse , and is there a return policy if the horse is not suitable ? ” in addition , you should ask about the evaluation process for the horses , particularly if you are looking at those promoted as trained under saddle or in harness . a failed rescue can be traumatic to the horse and the rescuer . getting in over your head or selecting an unsound horse can have disastrous consequences .
here are some suggestions to consider if you find you need to rehome your horse . keep in mind that these are just suggestions and that not every one of these ideas is going to be the right one for your situation . our goal here is to propose some options that you might not have considered for your particular horse .
identify your goals . are you looking for someone who can start your horse from the ground up , or does your horse just need some refresher work ? are there specific issues or vices that need to be addressed by a professional ? make an honest assessment of your horse’s skills and identify areas that need work . if you can only invest in a month or two of training , you’ll need to be very clear with your trainer about what you hope to accomplish in that period of time .
should a horse need to be returned for any reason , the btrc requires one months’ notice and the loaner will be responsible for the cost of the return transport .
i didn & apos ; t know what to look for , so it was important to have help from someone who was horse savvy ,
he says .
should this happen , if you have loaned the horse from us we would find them a new home . they would either come back to one of our centres or we would ask you to keep them in the short term while we found a new family for them to go to directly . we ask you to give us three months’ notice if you want to return a horse to us , so we can ensure we have the space available at our centre or to give us time to find them a new home . if we have transferred ownership of a horse we will still do all that we can to assist the rehoming of that horse should we be asked to .
most people do not have the time to nurse a horse to the degree jigsaw required . daily monitoring and multiple treatments are a strain on the caregiver’s time and wallet .
before you rehome your horse , are you absolutely sure you can’t find a way to keep him ? yes , horses are expensive , but there are ways to reduce your costs while still providing adequate care . here are a few cost - cutting ideas . please be aware that these ideas are not right for every horse or every situation !
we will let you know on the day if we think the horse is suitable and we can proceed to the next stage . if this is the case you can take as long as you need to decide to go ahead with the loan . you can try / work the horse as many times as you like before making your decision .
horses in our program are assessed mentally . we determine if the horse is easily managed by an amateur handler or will require a more experienced owner to continue their career .
insurance : all loaners must take out third party , public liability and veterinary fees insurance cover . the loaner must provide evidence of this prior to taking the horse home .
in ohio , erin steiner has show - ring aspirations for darcy , a 5 - year - old incentive fund - nominated quarter horse mare . | photo by sue stein
in the summer of 2010 , jon was invited to participate in the cowboy up challenge at the calgary stampede , a sporting event that showcases both horse and rider as they manoeuver through a series of obstacles , demonstrating horsemanship skills and speed . the horse’s ability to trust his rider and be a calm , willing partner is put to the test during the three days of competition . although not a horse jon considers extremely athletic , bear was solid and confident throughout the competition , finishing fourth in canada and eighth overall .
what & apos ; s your skill level with horses ? are you experienced enough to work through the trust issues that come with a neglected or abused animal ? can you work with a young , unstarted horse ? if you haven & apos ; t ridden since childhood or are new to riding and / or ownership , a quiet , serviceably sound senior horse will be a better choice . ( you & apos ; ll be doing no horse any favors if you take on more than you can competently handle . )
clearly define what you’re looking for in a lessee and what your horse has to offer . make an honest assessment of your horse’s level of training and skills to decide what type of rider would be best suited for him . is he beginner safe , or does he require a more advanced rider ? is he suitable for competition , and at what level ? do you want a rider who will be taking lessons and keeping your horse in training ? or it is more important that he just get regular attention and exercise ?
u . s . horses have never been raised for human consumption . however , due to foreign demand for horse flesh for wealthy diners in europe and asia , america’s horses have been bought , stolen or acquired under false pretenses by the foreign - owned horse slaughter industry for processing of our horses in their plants on u . s . soil . american companies and trade associations that support horse slaughter because of having a vested interest in the horse slaughter trade promotes and contributes to the export of tens of thousands of america’s horses for slaughter by actively opposing federal legislation , deceiving the media by giving biased statements that are unsubstantiated , and by attempting to mislead the public and members of congress with false claims .
words we hear all too often . the past several years have been hard for many horse owners , with more and more people facing economic stress , job loss , illness , divorce , or foreclosure . in dire life - changing situations like these , the expense of horse keeping is often the first place people have to cut back . many of these horse owners will turn to a rescue organization like safe for help , not understanding that our mission is to help horses facing life or death situations caused by neglect or abuse .
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you and your new horse will be visited by a h . a . c . k . field officer within the first three months of the loan and thereafter six monthly .
a contract stating the terms and conditions of the loan is put in place between the loaner and the trc to safeguard all concerned , but primarily the welfare of the horse .
dealing with unknowns what won & apos ; t you know about your new adoptee ? it depends on where the horse came from originally . because there are more horses being relinquished these days by conscientious but financially stressed owners , you could learn a fair bit about a horse from this type of situation . feel free to ask questions and inquire about registration papers .
two thumbs up . californian mike roberts isn & apos ; t an experienced horse person , yet he wanted to make sure his two foster daughters had safe mounts with good temperaments .
find the right trainer for your horse . in the u . s . , anyone can call themselves a professional horse trainer , regardless of their level of skill or experience . so if you don’t already have a good trainer available to you , you will need to do some legwork to find the right one — somebody who is a good fit for your horse , will help you accomplish your training goals , and fits your budget . the best trainers often rely on word - of - mouth to find new clients , so get ready to network and ask a lot of questions ! if you’re not sure where to start , try visiting your local feed or tack store , or mingle with the spectators at horse shows . once you’ve gathered the names of a few horse professionals to consider , set up appointments to meet them and discuss your goals . take the time to watch them work with different horses . remember it’s about finding someone that you can trust , not only to provide a service , but to treat your horse in the manner you expect your horse to be treated . approach this decision with care ! for more detailed information about choosing a trainer , equine legal solutions has a great online article called choosing the right trainer that can help your decision making process .
those familiar with racing memorabilia will know that the horse hoof inkwell ( or pincushion , or ashtray ) is a not uncommon form of commemoration , possibly for the same reason as those outlined above – when galloping there is a split second where a horse places all it’s weight on one hoof , hence the symbolic importance of the hoof itself . however , these candlesticks are really quite unique . i can’t help but wonder about their creation , and why mence ( if it was indeed mence ) chose to re - purpose his horse in this way .
our final assessment is a presented riding assessment . combined with a physical and mental assessment , we can truly ascertain what type of rider and home is required for each horse offered for adoption . as such , our horses are professionally trained ( often as show horses ) and exhibited at expos , horse shows , trials , off - site outings and schooling ' s .
straight from the owner although a good rescue facility will give you a real advantage in finding the horse you seek , such operations aren & apos ; t the only source of no - cost or low - cost horses . an owner might be going away to college and more interested in finding a good home for a beloved horse than earning money in the transaction .
in addition to the thoroughbred horse racing industry , the american quarter horse association ( aqha ) is the biggest offender with regard to over - breeding . interestingly , the quarter horse is also the most slaughtered . the aqha promotes a self - destructive business model of breeding as many horses as possible and disposing of those that don’t meet predetermined criteria , thereby contributing to the inhumane treatment of horses and the slaughter industry . consequently , there are currently more quarter horses slaughtered in canada and mexico than there were when the u . s . plants were in operation .
a national academy of science study was published in june 2013 with a critical review of the current status of wild horse management and recommendations for improvement . this is a very controversial topic .
animals’ angels usa ( urltoken ) conducted investigations of the horse slaughter system from 2007 to 2009 , which included the conditions and treatment slaughter horses undergo at auctions , feedlots , during transport and at the slaughter plants . in their comprehensive report , the organization found that “…horse slaughter encompasses public safety issues , public health concerns , environmental issues as well as the obvious and very significant concerns regarding cruelty and inhumane treatment . our investigations during 2007 to the present made clear that at the instant a horse is designated a ‘kill horse , ’ handling and treatment change radically from that normally given horses . a ‘kill horse’ is treated with cruelty , with indifference at best , but more typically with violence and aggression . cruelty increases , while safety , health and welfare – its care and humane treatment are so diminished it is virtually nonexistent . these horses are “only passing through , ” say the veterinarians as well as the ‘kill buyers . ’ if the ‘kill
despite its potential for difficulty , people are drawn to the rescue horse . why ? patti colbert , creator of the extreme mustang makeover , believes that “with the awareness around dog and cat shelters for the past 10 plus years , ‘rescue’ has become a badge of honour that animal lovers proudly wear . this same ‘badge’ is now proudly worn by horse enthusiasts . ” kathy bartley of bear valley rescue believes that people adopt horses “because they want to feel they are saving a life . ” horse rescuer , christine curtin , puts it simply , “he needed someone . ”
increasingly , online horse classifieds are including
free horse
listings ( see many examples at equine . com - - plug
$ 0 to $ 0
in the price window of the search function . ) here , you & apos ; ll see many horses that five years ago would & apos ; ve been in the ubiquitous $ 1 , 500 - to - $ 2 , 500 - horse category . now , such animals often are offered for free , because much of the buyership in that range has become an
adopter - ship
instead .
if you can’t see your perfect horse or pony today do check back on this site for regular updates or register your interest by contacting us directly , we would love to hear from you .
h . a . c . k . is available at all times to assist you with your new horse . any problems can be assessed and help is at hand from our trained staff .
if you are interested in becoming guardian to a horse or pony you will first need to fill out a lluest loan application form and send it back to us , along with a reference from a vet , farrier , bhs approved yard owner or instructor . this will help us decide if we have a suitable horse or pony to match your experience and facilities . the more information you can give us at this stage the quicker the process , video’s and pictures of you riding can be useful for us to also assess your ability if you’re seeking a ridden horse or pony .
by submitting your email , you agree to receive electronic communications from horse publications group , containing news , updates and promotions about the canadian equestrian industry . you may withdraw your consent at any time .
there are other options for getting rid of an unwanted horse than the ones we have discussed above , but frankly , we don’t recommend these to people who truly care about the welfare of their animals . there is a lot of risk involved whenever you relinquish control and ownership of a horse , but there are some methods that are not only risky but can be downright dangerous for your pet :
many of our horses are purchased through the sale yards , and we do our best to source background information on each horse and provide the potential new owner ( or fosterer ) with that information .
rescuing a horse can be a very rewarding experience , but not one to be taken on by the impatient , inexperienced or , in some cases , underfunded . although often inexpensive to purchase or adopt compared to others on the market , a rescue horse should not be viewed as simply a “cheap” horse . these horses may require the support of professional services ( i . e . trainers , veterinarians , corrective farriers ) and a significant amount of time and patience to bring them to a place that meets the needs of the owner , not to mention the standards of soundness – mentally and physically .


streniastis thermaea is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by lower in 1897 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales and tasmania .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

the forewings are orange-yellow , deeper on the margins .

there is a fine line of fuscous at the apex .

the hindwings are black .

streniastis thermaea

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araneus quadratus , the four-spot orb-weaver , is a common orb-weaver spider found in europe and central asia , and as far as the kamchatka peninsula and japan .

females can reach 17 mm in length , especially when gravid , males approximately half that .

they are quite variable in appearance , ranging from brown to bright orange or green , but they always have the characteristic four white spots on the abdomen .

the darker color morphs are easiest to identify , due to the contrast between the white spots and the rest of the body .

the legs are sometimes brightly striped .

the spider lives in gardens , wooded areas , or wherever there is vegetation to string an orb web across .

this species builds its web close to the ground to catch jumping insects such as small grasshoppers .

the female builds the more elaborate web , complete with a funnel-shaped retreat off to the side where she goes during inclement weather .

the web is smaller and closer to the ground than those of other species of orb-weaver .

adult females can actively change their color .

it takes about three days to take on colors that accurately match their resting surface .

araneus quadratus

close - up of a palp from the side of a male araneus quadratus .
female araneus quadratus . the abdomen is full with eggs . notice the different colour to the first photo .
araneus quadratus clerck , 1757 ( = aranea reaumuri ( scopoli ) ) ( also previously known as epeira quadrata . )
turning the tables slightly , bristowe included a . quadratus in his tasting experiment one afternoon when he was staying at flatford mill [ 16 ] . he doesn ' t mention why a . quadratus was chosen for his gastronomic adventure but he does note that , of the spiders tasted that day ,
. . . araneus quadratus , with a slightly nutty flavour , was the best
.
araneus quadratus is a large orb - weaving spider with four distinct spots on its abdomen . among other things you will in this video see it catching a large grasshopper . more info on this spider here : urltoken contact me : urltoken stock footage / video of araneus quadratus here : urltoken music : kevin macleod ( incompetech . com )
kajak , a . 1965 : an analysis of food relations between spiders - araneus cornutus cl . and araneus quadratus cl . - and their prey in meadows . ekol . pol . a13 : 717 - 764 .
the four - spot orb weaver , araneus quadratus , gets its name from the markings on its abdomen . four dark dots surrounded by white . the main colour of the abdomen can be almost any colour .
general : our heaviest spider , a . quadratus is an autumn - maturing orb - web weaver . easily recognized ; indeed it is one of clerck ' s original species .
etymology : araneus - latin for spider ; quadratus - latin for square , referring to the four prominent spots on the abdomen . ( it appears that no - one ' s quite sure what epeira is derived from . )
nyffeler , m . and benz , g . 1978 : die beutespektren der netzspinnen argiope bruennichi ( scop . ) , a . quadratus cl . und agelena labyrinthica ( cl . ) in odlandwiesen bei zürich . revue suisse zool . 85 : 747 - 757 .
araneus albilunatus roewer , 1961b : 51 , f . 13a - d ( d f ) . araneus albilunulatus brignoli , 1983c : 259 .
araneus subumbrosus roewer , 1961b : 53 , f . 14a - b ( d f ) . araneus subombrosus brignoli , 1983c : 260 .
araneus floriatus hogg , 1914a : 57 ( d m f ) . araneus floriatus hogg , 1915a : 446 , f . 25 ( f ) .
araneus basalteus schenkel , 1936b : 99 , f . 35 ( djj ) .
araneus pseudoconicus schenkel , 1936b : 114 , f . 40 ( dj ) .
treating nevus araneus ( broken capillaries ) with electrocautery . for medical education - nsfe .
araneus angulatus personata simon , 1929 : 678 , 756 ( d m f ) . araneus angulatus personatus breitling et al . , 2016b : 69 ( subspecies inquirenda ) .
araneus aralis bakhvalov , 1981a : 137 , f . 1 ( d f ) .
araneus asiaticus bakhvalov , 1983 : 69 , f . 3 ( d f ) .
araneus baicalicus bakhvalov , 1981b : 148 , f . 6 ( d f ) .
araneus bargusinus bakhvalov , 1981b : 147 , f . 5 ( d f ) .
araneus carimagua levi , 1991a : 230 , f . 190 ( d m ) .
araneus cohnae levi , 1991a : 229 , f . 188 ( d m ) .
araneus demoniacus caporiacco , 1939a : 346 , f . 14 ( d m ) .
araneus ferganicus bakhvalov , 1983 : 91 , f . 5 ( d f ) .
araneus jamundi levi , 1991a : 222 , f . 157 ( d m ) .
araneus margaritae caporiacco , 1940c : 826 , f . 31 ( d f ) .
araneus matogrosso levi , 1991a : 230 , f . 189 ( d m ) .
araneus mauensis caporiacco , 1949a : 421 , f . 61 ( d f ) .
araneus nigroquadratus lawrence , 1937 : 233 , f . 10 ( d f ) .
araneus oxygaster caporiacco , 1940c : 823 , f . 29 ( d f ) .
araneus perincertus caporiacco , 1947d : 176 , f . 32 ( d f ) .
araneus phlyctogena simon , 1907d : 297 ( d f , plus two varieties ) .
araneus scutellatus schenkel , 1963 : 153 , f . 90 ( d m ) .
araneus sogdianus charitonov , 1969 : 79 , f . 2 ( d f ) .
araneus titirus simon , 1896e : 68 ( d f ) . araneus titirus levi , 1991a : 245 , f . 267 - 271 ( f , d m ) .
araneus xavantina levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 116 ( d m ) .
araneus tschuiskii bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 72 - 74 ( d f ) . araneus tschuiskyi bakhvalov , 1983 : 90 , f . 4 ( f ) .
scientific name : araneus quadratus size : females up to 15mm , males up to 8mm distribution : found throughout the uk months seen : june to october habitat : found in tall grass , bushes and hedgerows food : flies and other small insects special features : four spot orb weavers ( araneus quadratus ) are fairly common . they can be found throughout the u . k . in the summer and autumn months . the body colour of is extremely variable . they can be ; yellow green , orange , red or brown . the abdomen has some white patches , but these are only really clear on the brown individuals . usually the four white spots on the abdomen which give this spider its name are visible . four spot orb weavers catch their prey in a web , and the females also build a retreat to the side of the web , made from thick silk .
nomen nudum : araneus quinqueuncatus simon , 1895a : 822 ( f , south america ) .
araneus crispulus tullgren , 1952 : 168 , f . 15a - b ( d f ) . araniella crispulus grasshoff , 1976 : 150 ( t f from araneus , rejected ) .
araneus horizonte levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 99 - 104 ( d f ) . araneus horizonte braul , bertoncello & lise , 2000 : 124 ( d m ) .
araneus ventricosus kishuensis uyemura , 1961 : 93 , f . 23 ( d f ) .
araneus boreus uyemura & yaginuma , 1972 : 10 , f . 1 - 7 ( d m f ) . araneus boreus yaginuma , 1986a : 100 , f . 53 . 6 ( m f ) . araneus boreus chikuni , 1989b : 66 , f . 15 ( f ) . araneus boreus tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 240 , 681 ( f ) . araneus boreus tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 257 ( f ) .
araneus bilunifer pocock , 1900a : 227 , f . 74 ( d f ) . araneus bilunifer patel , 1975b : 162 , f . 3a - c ( f ) . araneus bilunifer tikader & bal , 1981 : 43 , f . 91 - 94 ( f ) . araneus bilunifer tikader , 1982a : 221 , f . 428 - 431 ( f ) .
araneus granti hogg , 1914a : 57 ( d f ) . araneus granti hogg , 1915a : 448 , f . 26 ( f ) . araneus granti chrysanthus , 1960 : 36 , f . 32 - 33 , 49 , 60 , 72 ( f , d m ) .
nyffeler and benz ( 1978 [ 9 ] ) , found that bees were a major component ( by mass ) of the diet of a . quadratus . however , this may have been more to do with prey availability , as , in a later study ( 1989 [ 10 ] ) diptera , homoptera and aphids were the major prey . this agrees with the earlier work of kajak . she showed that , at her study sites , diptera made up a greater proportion of the diet . in fact the number of bees caught in nyffeler and benz ' s 1978 study were low but their large size contributed disproportionately to biomass caught . nevertheless , their results confirm that a . quadratus can cope with such powerful and potentially dangerous prey .
araneus acolla levi , 1991a : 219 , f . 138 - 141 ( d f ) .
araneus adiantiformis caporiacco , 1941b : 83 , f . 29a - d ( d m ) .
araneus ana levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 389 - 391 ( d f ) .
araneus anjonensis schenkel , 1963 : 171 , f . 99a - b ( d f ) .
araneus aubertarum berland , 1938 : 174 , f . 131 - 132 ( d f ) .
araneus bastarensis gajbe , 2005a : 55 , f . 4 - 7 ( d f ) .
araneus baul levi , 1991a : 288 , f . 503 - 506 ( d f ) .
araneus caballo levi , 1991a : 273 , f . 418 - 421 ( d f ) .
araneus calusa levi , 1973 : 512 , f . 152 - 157 ( d f ) . araneus calusa levi , 1981b : 255 , f . 5 - 7 ( d m ) .
araneus canacus berland , 1931b : 669 , f . 8 - 11 ( d f ) .
araneus canalae berland , 1924a : 222 , f . 126 - 127 ( d f ) .
araneus carroll levi , 1973 : 516 , f . 215 - 220 ( d f ) .
araneus castilho levi , 1991a : 196 , f . 15 - 16 ( d m ) .
araneus chiapas levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 351 - 352 ( d m ) .
araneus chingaza levi , 1991a : 258 , f . 330 - 334 ( d f ) .
araneus cuiaba levi , 1991a : 248 , f . 276 - 278 ( d f ) .
araneus ealensis giltay , 1935a : 1 , f . 1 - 2 ( d f ) .
araneus exsertus rainbow , 1904a : 102 , f . 26 - 27 ( d f ) .
araneus finneganae berland , 1938 : 176 , f . 137 - 140 ( d f ) .
araneus frio levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 429 - 430 ( d m ) .
araneus gerais levi , 1991a : 231 , f . 191 - 192 ( d m ) .
araneus guatemus levi , 1991a : 232 , f . 211 - 214 ( d f ) .
araneus huixtla levi , 1991a : 286 , f . 497 - 498 ( d m ) .
araneus jalisco levi , 1991a : 269 , f . 392 - 394 ( d m ) .
araneus kerr levi , 1981b : 254 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) .
araneus kirgisikus bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 71 , 75 ( d f ) .
araneus lanio levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 381 - 384 ( d f ) .
araneus lenkoi levi , 1991a : 258 , f . 326 - 329 ( d f ) .
araneus lintatus levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 347 - 350 ( d f ) .
araneus masculus caporiacco , 1941b : 85 , f . 30a - b ( d m ) .
araneus miami levi , 1973 : 512 , f . 172 - 176 ( d f ) .
araneus monica levi , 1973 : 504 , f . 110 - 121 ( d f ) .
araneus moretonae levi , 1991a : 219 , f . 142 - 145 ( d f ) .
araneus musawas levi , 1991a : 274 , f . 427 - 428 ( d m ) .
araneus nacional levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 474 - 476 ( d f ) .
araneus notandus rainbow , 1912a : 196 , f . 7 - 9 ( d f ) .
araneus nuboso levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 431 - 432 ( d m ) .
araneus orgaos levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 92 - 94 ( d f ) .
araneus paitaensis schenkel , 1953b : 37 , f . 18a - e ( d m ) .
araneus poltyoides chrysanthus , 1971 : 29 , f . 52 - 58 ( d f ) .
araneus prunus levi , 1973 : 536 , f . 375 - 379 ( d f ) .
araneus quirapan levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 470 - 473 ( d f ) .
araneus repetecus bakhvalov , 1978 : 790 , f . 5 - 7 ( d f ) .
araneus royi roewer , 1961b : 53 , f . 15a - d ( d f ) .
araneus salto levi , 1991a : 282 , f . 462 - 465 ( d f ) .
araneus schneblei levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 95 - 98 ( d f ) .
araneus sernai levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 109 - 112 ( d f ) .
araneus sicki levi , 1991a : 250 , f . 286 - 289 ( d f ) .
araneus tambopata levi , 1991a : 222 , f . 153 - 156 ( d f ) .
araneus tatianae lessert , 1938 : 449 , f . 35 - 37 ( d f ) .
araneus tepic levi , 1991a : 272 , f . 410 - 413 ( d f ) .
araneus toruaigiri bakhvalov , 1970 : 51 , f . 1 ( d f ) . araneus toruaigiri bakhvalov , 1974 : 109 , f . 44 - 48 ( f , d m ) .
araneus uruapan levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 433 - 434 ( d m ) .
araneus villa levi , 1991a : 249 , f . 279 - 281 ( d f ) .
araneus viperifer schenkel , 1963 : 165 , f . 96a - b ( d f ) . araneus viperifer ohno & yaginuma , 1967 : 37 , f . 4 . 1 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer nishikawa , 1969 : 58 , f . 2 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer yaginuma , 1971 : 129 , f . 106 . 2 - 5 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer suganami , 1971 : 24 , f . 5 - 6 ( f ) . araneus viperifer shinkai , 1977 : 375 , f . 18 ( f ) . araneus viperifer shinkai , 1978 : 91 , f . 27 - 30 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer chikuni , 1989b : 68 , f . 19 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer yin et al . , 1997d : 152 , f . 68a - b ( f ) . araneus viperifer song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141h , 149l ( f ) . araneus viperifer tanikawa , 2001b : 66 , f . 79 ( f ) .
araneus yatei berland , 1924a : 222 , f . 128 - 130 ( d f ) .
araneus zapallar levi , 1991a : 242 , f . 254 - 257 ( d f ) .
araneus zygielloides schenkel , 1963 : 169 , f . 98a - d ( d f ) .
epeira pinguis karsch , 1879g : 68 ( d f ) . aranea pinguis bösenberg & strand , 1906 : 226 , pl . 11 , f . 210 ( f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1957a : 55 , f . 17 ( f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1969b : 19 , f . 1b - 8b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , yu & shang , 1981 : 83 , f . 3 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis hu , 1984 : 95 , f . 91 . 1 - 2 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1986a : 95 , f . 50 . 2 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , 1987 : 165 , f . 126 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yoshikura , 1987 : 298 , f . 37 . 6a ( m ) . araneus pinguis zhang , 1987 : 70 , f . 53 . 1 - 2 ( m f ) . araneus quadratus zhang , 1987 : 74 , f . 58 . 1 - 2 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus pinguis chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 5 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yin et al . , 1997d : 181 , f . 97a - e ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139u - v , 144e - f ( m f ) . araneus pinguis namkung , 2002 : 245 , f . 19 . 7a - b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis kim & kim , 2002 : 183 , f . 10 , 82 - 83 , 170 - 171 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis namkung , 2003 : 247 , f . 19 . 7a - b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis marusik & crawford , 2006 : 173 , f . 1 - 3 , 7 - 9 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis tanikawa , 2007c : 82 , f . 236 - 237 , 675 - 678 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis tanikawa , 2009 : 454 , f . 249 - 252 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis kim & lee , 2012b : 27 , f . 15a - b ( f ) .
given its size and the fact that the spider reaches maturity in one season , a . quadratus must have a healthy appetite . perhaps because of this , but more probably because its relatively common , a . quadratus has been used in several feeding experiments on spiders . anna kajak ( 1965 [ 7 ] ) studied the spider , together with several other species , over a period of years . in a paper comparing
consumption
rates in various species , she concluded that a . quadratus does indeed show a high rate of feeding and growth , with one of the highest rates of increase per unit of body mass , with the larger individuals putting on up to 10mg ( dry weight ) per day . not only that , but perversely , its apparent burst of weight gain occurred in september when insect numbers were in decline . kajak gave an expression relating mass of prey consumed to the spider ' s body weight . taking a slight liberty with the equation one can produce a growth plot for the spider ( see figure ) . this assumes an initial weight of 0 . 1mg ( for a ~ 1mm diameter egg , a reasonable egg size ! ( livecchi , le berre and ramousse ( 1977 [ 8 ] ) ) and makes various other approximations , such as 1mg of dry weight of prey being converted to 1mg fresh weight of spider . the resulting plot shows that it is quite reasonable for a well - fed a . quadratus to attain a mass of 2 . 5gm in a single season .
neosconella parva bryant , 1945a : 381 , f . 19 , 24 ( d f , preoccupied in araneus by karsch , 1878 ) . araneus bryantae brignoli , 1983c : 262 ( replacement name ) . araneus bryantae levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 353 - 356 ( f ) .
araneus anantnagensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 46 , f . 99 - 102 ( d f ) . araneus anantnagensis tikader , 1982a : 25 , f . 436 - 439 ( f ) .
araneus panchganiensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 48 , f . 103 - 106 ( d f ) . araneus pachganiensis tikader , 1982a : 227 , f . 440 - 443 ( f ) .
in synonymy : amamrotypus archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) aranea linnaeus , 1758 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( clerckian names validated by iczn direction 104 ; see also iczn opinion 2224 ) atea c . l . koch , 1837 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1991a : 171 ) cambridgepeira archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) cathaistela archer , 1958 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( yaginuma , 1959c : 28 ) conaranea archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) conepeira archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) neosconella f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1903 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 )
araneus viridisoma gravely , 1921a : 415 , f . 3c ( d m f ) . araneus viridisomus caleb & mathai , 2014c : 3 , f . 1 - 9 ( f ) . araneus viridisomus patil & uniyal , 2016 : 172 , f . 1 - 11 ( m f ) .
araneus ishisawai kishida , 1928b : 474 , f . 41 ( d f ) . araneus ishisawai yaginuma , 1957a : 55 , f . 18 ( f ) . catheistela ishisawai yaginuma & archer , 1959 : 36 ( t f from araneus ) . araneus ishisawai namkung , paik & yoon , 1972 : 93 , f . 8 ( f ) . araneus ishisawai chikuni , 1989b : 63 , f . 4 ( f , d m ) . araneus seensis oliger , 1991 : 141 , f . 1 - 8 ( d m f ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 015189 ] . araneus ishisawai namkung , 2002 : 243 , f . 19 . 5a - b ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai namkung , 2003 : 245 , f . 19 . 5a - b ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 241 - 243 , 682 - 685 ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 258 - 261 ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai marusik , 2009f : 97 ( s ) . araneus ishisawai kim & lee , 2012b : 21 , f . 9a - c ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai baba & tanikawa , 2015 : 42 , 4 f . ( m f ) .
araneus abeicus levi , 1991a : 255 , f . 316 - 320 ( d m f ) .
araneus illaudatus levi , 1971a : 176 , f . 233 - 237 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus abigeatus levi , 1975c : 269 , f . 5 - 11 ( d m f ) .
araneus alhue levi , 1991a : 244 , f . 262 - 266 ( d m f ) .
araneus apache levi , 1975c : 270 , f . 12 - 20 ( d m f ) .
araneus axacus levi , 1991a : 277 , f . 440 - 444 ( d m f ) .
araneus bimini levi , 1991a : 264 , f . 372 - 375 ( d m f ) .
araneus blumenau levi , 1991a : 200 , f . 42 - 48 ( d m f ) .
araneus boneti levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 385 - 388 ( d m f ) .
araneus carchi levi , 1991a : 215 , f . 122 - 127 ( d m f ) .
araneus colima levi , 1991a : 266 , f . 376 - 380 ( d m f ) .
araneus concepcion levi , 1991a : 241 , f . 250 - 253 ( d m f ) .
araneus cristobal levi , 1991a : 277 , f . 435 - 439 ( d m f ) .
araneus desierto levi , 1991a : 280 , f . 453 - 456 ( d m f ) .
araneus dreisbachi levi , 1991a : 280 , f . 449 - 452 ( d m f ) .
araneus fronki levi , 1991a : 228 , f . 179 - 183 ( d m f ) .
araneus galero levi , 1991a : 234 , f . 223 - 227 ( d m f ) .
araneus ginninderranus dondale , 1966 : 1169 , f . 3a - c ( d m f ) .
araneus huahun levi , 1991a : 244 , f . 258 - 261 ( d m f ) .
araneus iguacu levi , 1991a : 256 , f . 321 - 325 ( d m f ) .
araneus koepckeorum levi , 1991a : 224 , f . 168 - 173 ( d m f ) .
araneus leones levi , 1991a : 281 , f . 457 - 461 ( d m f ) .
aranea lithyphantiformis kishida , 1910 : 7 ( d ) . araneus lithyphantiformis brignoli , 1983c : 257 .
araneus mazamitla levi , 1991a : 270 , f . 400 - 403 ( d m f ) .
araneus mendoza levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 477 - 481 ( d m f ) .
araneus ocaxa levi , 1991a : 288 , f . 499 - 502 ( d m f ) .
araneus penai levi , 1991a : 216 , f . 128 - 132 ( d m f ) .
araneus pico levi , 1991a : 215 , f . 117 - 121 ( d m f ) .
araneus popaco levi , 1991a : 282 , f . 466 - 469 ( d m f ) .
araneus pseudoventricosus schenkel , 1963 : 150 , f . 88a - c ( d m ) . araneus pseudoventricosus yin et al . , 1997d : 190 , f . 107a - c ( m ) . araneus pseudoventricosus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144i ( m ) .
araneus puebla levi , 1991a : 285 , f . 482 - 486 ( d m f ) .
araneus rotundicornis yaginuma , 1972a : 55 , f . 9 - 16 ( d m f ) . araneus rotundicornis yaginuma , 1986a : 97 , f . 51 . 2 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 7 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis tanikawa , 2007c : 77 , f . 214 - 216 , 639 - 640 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 216 - 217 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis lee , lee & kim , 2012 : 211 , f . 1 - 6 ( f ) . araneus rotundicornis kim & lee , 2012b : 28 , f . 16a - b ( f ) .
araneus selva levi , 1991a : 259 , f . 335 - 338 ( d m f ) .
araneus svanetiensis mcheidze , 1997 : 270 , f . 601 - 604 ( d m f ) .
araneus talasi bakhvalov , 1970 : 51 , f . 2 ( d f ) . araneus talassi bakhvalov , 1974 : 109 , f . 43 , 49 - 52 ( f , d m ) .
araneus talca levi , 1991a : 240 , f . 245 - 249 ( d m f ) .
araneus tellezi levi , 1991a : 291 , f . 515 - 519 ( d m f ) .
araneus tenancingo levi , 1991a : 290 , f . 511 - 514 ( d m f ) .
araneus tijuca levi , 1991a : 250 , f . 290 - 294 ( d m f ) .
araneus transversus rainbow , 1912a : 197 , f . 10 - 14 ( d m f ) . araneus transversus davies & gallon , 1986 : 233 ( rainbow ' s f = gea theridioides ) .
araneus ubicki levi , 1991a : 274 , f . 422 - 426 ( d m f ) .
araneus urubamba levi , 1991a : 218 , f . 133 - 137 ( d m f ) .
araneus cochise levi , 1973 : 497 , f . 55 - 59 ( d f ) . araneus cochise dean , agnew & breene , 1989 : 126 , f . 1 - 2 ( d m ) . araneus cochise levi , 1991a : 278 , f . 445 - 448 ( m f ) .
araneus roseomaculatus ono , 1992b : 122 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) . araneus roseomaculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140d - e ( f ) .
araneus licenti schenkel , 1953b : 42 , f . 20a - c ( d f ) . araneus licenti yin et al . , 1997d : 172 , f . 89a - c ( f ) . araneus licenti song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138j - l ( f ) .
araneus pichoni schenkel , 1963 : 157 , f . 93a - b ( d f ) . araneus pichoni yin et al . , 1997d : 205 , f . 124a - b ( f ) . araneus pichoni song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139q , 148q ( f ) .
epeira stella karsch , 1879g : 69 ( dj ) . araneus tsuno yaginuma , 1972a : 53 , f . 1 - 8 ( d m f ) . araneus tsuno shinkai , 1977 : 327 , f . 21 ( m ) . araneus tsuno zhou , wang & zhu , 1983 : 154 , f . 2a - d ( f ) . araneus maculifrons oliger , 1983a : 303 , f . 4 - 8 ( d m f ) . araneus tsuno yaginuma , 1986a : 97 , f . 51 . 1 ( m f ) . araneus tsuno marusik , 1989b : 42 ( s ) . araneus tsuno chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 6 ( m f ) . araneus tsuno yin et al . , 1997d : 183 , f . 100a - d ( f ) . araneus tsuno song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140t - u , x , 149h ( f ) . araneus tsuno namkung , 2002 : 250 , f . 19 . 12a - b ( m f ) . araneus tsuno kim & kim , 2002 : 185 , f . 13 , 87 - 88 , 176 - 178 ( m f ) . araneus stella ono , 2002a : 59 , f . 23 ( s m f ) . araneus stella namkung , 2003 : 252 , f . 19 . 12a - b ( m f ) . araneus stella tanikawa , 2007c : 78 , f . 217 , 641 - 642 ( m f ) . araneus stella tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 218 - 219 ( m f ) . araneus stella kim & lee , 2012b : 30 , f . 18a - c ( m f ) .
epeira acropyga thorell , 1877b : 398 ( d f ) . araneus acropyga simon , 1899a : 91 .
aranea albiaculeis strand , 1906b : 621 ( d f ) . araneus albiaculeis caporiacco , 1940c : 822 .
araneus altitudinum caporiacco , 1934a : 153 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ( d f ) .
araneus badongensis song & zhu , 1992c : 168 , f . 2a - b ( d m ) . araneus badongensis song & li , 1997 : 412 , f . 14a - b ( m ) . araneus badongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 200 , f . 117a - c ( m ) . araneus badongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 142k - l ( m ) .
epeira camilla simon , 1889i : 338 ( d f ) . araneus camilla dyal , 1935 : 179 .
araneus circellus song & zhu , 1992c : 168 , f . 3a - b ( d f ) . araneus circellus song & li , 1997 : 412 , f . 15a - b ( f ) . araneus circellus yin et al . , 1997d : 145 , f . 60a - c ( f ) . araneus circellus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 136n - o ( f ) .
araneus coccinella pocock , 1898c : 211 , pl . 8 , f . 6 ( d f ) .
araneus colubrinus song & zhu , 1992c : 169 , f . 4a - b ( d f ) . araneus colubrinus song & li , 1997 : 413 , f . 16a - b ( f ) . araneus colubrinus yin et al . , 1997d : 146 , f . 61a - c ( f ) . araneus colubrinus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 136s - t ( f ) .
araneus dospinolongus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 635 , f . 403a - f ( d m ) .
araneus emmae simon , 1900a : 482 , pl . 16 , f . 6 ( d f ) .
epeira flavisternis thorell , 1878b : 61 ( d f ) . araneus flavisternis simon , 1899a : 90 .
araneus hui hu , 2001 : 442 , f . 286 . 1 - 3 ( d f ) .
araneus kapiolaniae simon , 1900a : 483 , pl . 16 , f . 7 ( d f ) .
araneus liberalis rainbow , 1902c : 486 , pl . 18 , f . 2 ( d f ) .
araneus linzhiensis hu , 2001 : 443 , f . 287 . 1 - 3 ( d f ) .
araneus octodentalis song & zhu , 1992c : 169 , f . 5a - b ( d m ) . araneus octodentalis song & li , 1997 : 414 , f . 17a - b ( m ) . araneus octodentalis yin et al . , 1997d : 149 , f . 64a - c ( m ) . araneus octodentalis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144a - b ( m ) .
araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2001b : 76 , f . 43 - 44 , 52 - 53 ( d f ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2004a : 57 , f . 1 - 2 ( d m ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2007c : 89 , f . 272 - 273 , 735 - 737 ( m f ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 311 - 312 ( m f ) .
araneus pavlovi schenkel , 1953b : 39 , f . 19a - d ( d m ) . araneus pavlovi yin et al . , 1997d : 205 , f . 123a - d ( m ) . araneus pavlovi song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144c - d ( m ) . araneus pavlovi song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 192 , f . 114a - c ( m ) .
araneus providens kulczyński , 1911c : 484 , pl . 20 , f . 55 ( d m ) .
araneus rumiae biswas & raychaudhuri , 2013a : 158 , f . 8 - 12 ( d f ) .
araneus santacruziensis barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 640 , f . 407a - e ( d f ) .
araneus suavis rainbow , 1899b : 308 , pl . 24 , f . 2 ( d f ) .
araneus tatsulokeus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 636 , f . 404a - f ( d f ) .
araneus tinikdikitus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 635 , f . 402a - g ( d m ) .
araneus ventricosus ishinodai uyemura , 1961 : 95 , f . 24a - b ( d m f ) .
araneus woodfordi pocock , 1898b : 463 , pl . 19 , f . 3 ( d f ) .
araneus wulongensis song & zhu , 1992c : 170 , f . 6a - b ( d f ) . araneus wulongensis song & li , 1997 : 415 , f . 18a - b ( f ) . araneus wulongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 153 , f . 69a - c ( f ) . araneus wulongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141o - p ( f ) .
araneus xianfengensis song & zhu , 1992c : 171 , f . 7a - b ( d f ) . araneus xianfengensis song & li , 1997 : 415 , f . 19a - b ( f ) . araneus xianfengensis yin et al . , 1997d : 185 , f . 102a - c ( f ) . araneus xianfengensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141l - m ( f ) .
araneus xizangensis hu , 2001 : 449 , f . 293 . 1 - 5 ( d m ) .
araneus yadongensis hu , 2001 : 450 , f . 294 . 1 - 6 ( d m ) .
araneus yoshitomii yoshida , 2014 : 37 , f . 1 - 6 ( d m j ) . araneus yoshitomii baba , osawa & murakami , 2015 : 17 , f . 2 - 4 ( m ) .
araneus yukon levi , 1971a : 166 , f . 167 - 173 ( d m f ) . araneus yukon dondale et al . , 2003 : 235 , f . 510 - 516 ( m f ) .
araneus washingtoni levi , 1971a : 160 , f . 106 , 123 - 130 ( d m f ) . araneus washingtoni dondale et al . , 2003 : 228 , f . 489 - 495 ( m f ) . araneus washingtoni paquin & dupérré , 2006 : 6 , f . 5 - 8 ( m f ) . araneus washingtoni marusik & kovblyuk , 2011 : 113 , f . 7 . 5 ( m ) .
araneus badiofoliatus schenkel , 1963 : 155 , f . 92a - c ( d f ) . araneus badiofoliatus yin et al . , 1997d : 199 , f . 116a - c ( f ) . araneus badiofoliatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135o - p , 147c ( f ) .
araneus borealis tanikawa , 2001b : 69 , f . 22 - 23 , 28 - 31 ( d m f ) . araneus borealis tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 264 , 717 - 720 ( m f ) . araneus borealis tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 293 - 296 ( m f ) .
araneus komi tanikawa , 2001b : 75 , f . 41 - 42 , 49 - 51 ( d m f ) . araneus komi tanikawa , 2007c : 89 , f . 271 , 732 - 734 ( m f ) . araneus komi tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 308 - 310 ( m f ) .
araneus nigromaculatus schenkel , 1963 : 154 , f . 91a - c ( d f ) . araneus nigromaculatus yin et al . , 1997d : 204 , f . 122a - c ( f ) . araneus nigromaculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139e - f , 148l ( f ) .
araneus nojimai tanikawa , 2001b : 63 , f . 1 - 2 , 9 - 13 ( d m f ) . araneus nojimai tanikawa , 2007c : 85 , f . 259 , 704 - 708 ( m f ) . araneus nojimai tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 280 - 284 ( m f ) .
epeira tartarica kroneberg , 1875 : 2 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ( d f ) . araneus mongolicus simon , 1895c : 335 ( d m f ) . araneus tartaricus schenkel , 1936b : 269 , f . 89 ( m ) . araneus tartaricus spassky & shnitnikov , 1937 : 276 , f . 3 ( m ) . araneus mongolicus ermolajev , 1937b : 603 , f . 3 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 87 , 89 - 90 , 96 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus feng , 1990 : 60 , f . 35 . 1 - 5 ( f ) . araneus tartaricus yin et al . , 1997d : 191 , f . 108a - c ( f ) . araneus tartaricus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140k - l ( f ) . araneus tartaricus kim & kim , 2002 : 184 , f . 11 , 84 , 172 - 173 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus yoo & kim , 2002a : 28 , f . 48 ( m ) . araneus tartaricus yin et al . , 2012 : 618 , f . 300a - c ( f ) .
araneus pahalgaonensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 44 , f . 95 - 98 ( d f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis tikader , 1982a : 223 , f . 432 - 435 ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis yin et al . , 1990 : 38 , f . 91 - 93 ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis yin et al . , 1997d : 179 , f . 95a - d ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139i , m - n , 148o ( f ) .
epeira bandelieri simon , 1891c : 10 , pl . 1 ( d f ) . araneus bandelieri petrunkevitch , 1911 : 281 . araneus bandelieri levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 113 - 115 ( f ) .
aranea hispaniola bryant , 1945a : 366 , f . 2 ( d f ) . araneus hispaniola brignoli , 1983c : 262 . araneus hispaniola levi , 1991a : 263 , f . 365 - 368 ( f ) .
araneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 1990 : 25 , f . 62 - 63 ( d f ) . araneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 1997d : 150 , f . 65a - b ( f ) . araneus pseudosturmii song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 140a , 148f ( f ) . araneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 2012 : 615 , f . 298a - b ( f ) .
araneus viridiventris yaginuma , in ohno & yaginuma , 1969 : 21 , f . 3a - f ( d m f ) . araneus viridiventris yaginuma , 1986a : 101 , f . 54 . 1 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris chikuni , 1989b : 69 , f . 24 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris yin et al . , 1990 : 22 , f . 51 - 57 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris kim et al . , 1995 : 88 , f . 1 - 2 ( f ) . araneus viridiventris yin et al . , 1997d : 142 , f . 57a - h ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141j - k , n , 145d , 149m ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris chang & tso , 2004 : 27 , f . 1 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 245 , 689 - 691 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 265 - 267 ( m f ) .
as with other members of the genus , a . quadratus macerates its prey , rather than merely injecting digestive juices , sucking out the resulting
soup
and leaving an empty husk . the cheliceral teeth sported by the araneids must help in this process ( conversely , those groups which leave an empty husk after consuming their prey often have relatively small cheliceral teeth ( e . g , theridiidae and thomisidae ) [ 15 ] .
araneus motuoensis yin et al . , 1990 : 36 , f . 87 - 90 ( d f ) . araneus motuoensis yin et al . , 1997d : 176 , f . 93a - d ( f ) . araneus motuoensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 139c - d , 148k ( f ) . araneus motuoensis hu , 2001 : 445 , f . 288 . 1 - 2 ( f ) .
araneus aethiopissa simon , 1907d : 291 ( d f ) . larinia badiana roewer , 1961b : 49 , f . 12a - e ( d m f ) . araneus aethiopissa grasshoff , 1970b : 218 ( s ) .
araneus amabilis tanikawa , 2001b : 82 , f . 69 - 72 , 75 - 76 ( d m f ) . araneus amabilis tanikawa , 2007c : 84 , f . 251 - 255 , 697 - 698 ( m f ) . araneus amabilis tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 273 - 274 ( m f ) .
araneus celebensis merian , 1911 : 219 , pl . 9 , f . 6 ( d m f ) .
araneus comptus fuscocapitatus rainbow , 1916a : 109 , pl . 22 , f . 29 ( d f ) .
araneus dayongensis yin et al . , 1990 : 22 , f . 58 - 61 ( d f ) . araneus dayongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 147 , f . 62a - d ( f ) . araneus dayongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137a - b , 147k ( f ) . araneus daoyongensis yin et al . , 2012 : 601 , f . 289a - d ( f ) .
araneus dianiphus xanthostichus rainbow , 1916a : 107 , pl . 22 , f . 26 ( d f ) .
araneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2001b : 71 , f . 24 - 25 , 32 - 35 ( d m f ) . araneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 265 - 266 , 721 - 724 ( m f ) . araneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 297 - 300 ( m f ) .
araneus legonensis grasshoff & edmunds , 1979 : 303 , f . 1 - 11 ( d m f ) .
araneus mariposa levi , 1973 : 502 , f . 107 , 122 - 137 ( d m f ) .
araneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2001b : 81 , f . 56 - 57 , 62 - 66 ( d m f ) . araneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2007c : 81 , f . 233 - 234 , 668 - 671 ( m f ) . araneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2009 : 452 , f . 242 - 245 ( m f ) .
araneus menglunensis yin et al . , 1990 : 41 , f . 94 - 99 ( d m ) . araneus menglunensis yin et al . , 1997d : 187 , f . 104a - h ( m ) . araneus menglunensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 143k - l , 148i ( m ) . araneus menglunensis yin et al . , 2012 : 607 , f . 293a - f ( m ) .
araneus obscurissimus caporiacco , 1934a : 156 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ( d m f ) .
araneus octumaculalus han & zhu , 2010a : 58 , f . 1 - 6 ( d m f ) .
araneus parvulus rainbow , 1900a : 489 , pl . 24 , f . 3 ( d m f ) .
araneus pontii caporiacco , 1934a : 154 , pl . 3 , f . 12 ( d m f ) .
epeira prospiciens thorell , 1890a : 138 ( d m f ) . araneus prospiciens simon , 1899a : 92 .
araneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2001b : 67 , f . 5 - 8 , 19 - 21 ( d m f ) . araneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 262 - 263 , 714 - 716 ( m f ) . araneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 290 - 292 ( m f ) .
araneus scutigerens hogg , 1900 : 100 , pl . 15 , f . 2 ( d m f ) .
araneus tuscarora levi , 1973 : 514 , f . 204 - 214 , 444 ( d m f ) .
araneus ventricosus hakonensis uyemura , 1961 : 106 , f . 9 , pl . 7 ( d f ) .
araneus yasudai tanikawa , 2001b : 72 , f . 26 - 27 , 36 - 38 ( d m f ) . araneus yasudai tanikawa , 2007c : 88 , f . 267 - 268 , 725 - 727 ( m f ) . araneus yasudai tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 301 - 303 ( m f ) .
araneus zhaoi zhang & zhang , 2002 : 22 , f . 1a - e ( d m f ) .
araneus circumbasilaris yin et al . , 1990 : 29 , f . 69 - 73 ( d f ) . araneus circumbasilaris yin et al . , 1997d : 165 , f . 81a - e ( f ) . araneus circumbasilaris song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 136p - r , 147j ( f ) . araneus circumbasilaris song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 187 , f . 109a - d ( f ) .
araneus yuanminensis yin et al . , 1990 : 26 , f . 64 - 68 ( d f ) . araneus yuanminensis yin et al . , 1997d : 154 , f . 70a - e ( f ) . araneus yuanminensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141r - t , 149n ( f ) . araneus yuanminensis song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 196 , f . 117a - e ( f ) .
bristowe ( 1958 [ 4 ] ) noted that it was
. . . certainly our heaviest as well as one of our most handsome spiders
. indeed parker reported the find of an impressive a . quadratus which weighed in at 2 . 25 grams , on a field week at juniper hall in 1979 ( jones , 1980 [ 5 ] ) . elsewhere its size is also remarked upon , as is its egg - laying capabilities . bristowe claimed a
record in child birth
for quadratus , having noted that a
. . . large specimen will lay more than 900 eggs which weigh twice as much as she does after the operation is completed
. this is confirmed by wunderlich ( sauer and wunderlich , 1985 [ 6 ] ) , who reports a gravid female , initially weighing 1 . 1 grams , reducing to just 0 . 3 grams after laying !
araneus auriculatus song & zhu , 1992c : 167 , f . 1a - d ( d m f ) . araneus auriculatus song & li , 1997 : 411 , f . 13a - d ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus yin et al . , 1997d : 144 , f . 59a - e ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135m - n , 142i - j ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus zhu & zhang , 2011 : 198 , f . 138a - d ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus yin et al . , 2012 : 598 , f . 287a - c ( f ) .
araneus gratiolus yin et al . , 1990 : 32 , f . 78 - 80 ( d f ) . araneus gratiolus yin et al . , 1997d : 170 , f . 86a - c ( f ) . araneus gratiolus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 138a - b , 148b ( f ) .
araneus triguttatus saito , 1934b : 326 , pl . 13 , f . 23 , pl . 15 , f . 66 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus triguttatus saito , 1959 : 90 , f . 106a - d ( f , misidentified ) . araneus triguttatus yaginuma , 1960 : 55 , f . 51 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2001b : 73 , f . 39 - 40 , 45 - 48 ( d m f ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2007c : 88 , f . 269 - 270 , 728 - 731 ( m f ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 304 - 307 ( m f ) .
araneus linshuensis yin et al . , 1990 : 35 , f . 84 - 86 ( d f ) . araneus linshuensis yin et al . , 1997d : 173 , f . 90a - c ( f ) . araneus linshuensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138m - n , 148g ( f ) .
araneus tenerius yin et al . , 1990 : 45 , f . 111 - 116 ( d f ) . araneus tenerius yin et al . , 1997d : 192 , f . 109a - f ( f ) . araneus tenerius song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140m - o , 149d ( f ) .
araneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 1990 : 18 , f . 43 - 46 ( d f ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 1997d : 134 , f . 49a - d ( f ) . araneus shunhuangensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140f - h , 149a ( f ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin , griswold & xu , 2007 : 3 , f . 2a - f ( d m ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 2012 : 616 , f . 299a - j ( m f ) .
araneus diadematoides zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 55 , f . 17 - 19 ( d f ) . araneus diadematoides yin et al . , 1997d : 166 , f . 82a - c ( f ) . araneus diadematoides song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137c - d , 147l ( f ) . araneus diadematoides song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 188 , f . 110a - c ( f ) .
araneus diffinis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 56 , f . 20 - 22 ( d f ) . araneus diffinis yin et al . , 1997d : 202 , f . 119a - c ( f ) . araneus diffinis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137h - i , 147n ( f ) . araneus diffinis song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 190 , f . 112a - c ( f ) .
aranea faxoni bryant , 1940 : 334 , f . 102 - 103 ( d f ) . araneus faxoni brignoli , 1983c : 262 . araneus faxoni levi , 1991a : 264 , f . 369 - 371 ( f ) .
araneus qianshan zhu , zhang & gao , 1998 : 30 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) . araneus qianshan song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 140b - c ( f ) .
araneus affinis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 53 , f . 4 - 6 ( d m ) . araneus affinis yin et al . , 1997d : 155 , f . 71a - c ( m ) . araneus affinis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 236 , f . 134m , 135a , 146l ( m ) .
araneus aksuensis yin , xie & bao , 1996 : 1 , f . 1 - 5 ( d f ) . araneus aksuensis yin et al . , 1997d : 155 , f . 72a - e ( f ) . araneus aksuensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135b - d , 146m ( f ) .
araneus elongatus yin , wang & xie , 1989 : 331 , f . 5 - 9 ( d f ) . araneus elongatus yin et al . , 1997d : 137 , f . 52a - e ( f ) . araneus elongatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137l - n , 147o ( f ) .
araneus guandishanensis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 57 , f . 23 - 24 ( d m ) . araneus guandishanensis yin et al . , 1997d : 171 , f . 87a - c ( m ) . araneus guandishanensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 143e - f , 148c ( m ) .
araneus taigunensis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 58 , f . 36 - 38 ( d m ) . araneus taigunensis yin et al . , 1997d : 182 , f . 98a - c ( m ) . araneus taiguensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140j - k , 149c ( m ) .
epeira semi - nigra l . koch , 1878c : 737 ( dj ) . aranea semi - nigra bösenberg & strand , 1906 : 235 . araneus mongolicus saito , 1959 : 87 , f . 95a - e ( f , misidentified ) . araneus mongolicus yaginuma , 1961a : 82 , f . f ( m , misidentified ) . araneus seminiger namkung , 1964 : 37 , f . 25 ( d f ) . araneus tartaricus yaginuma , 1986a : 94 , f . 49 . 4 ( m f , misidentified ) . araneus miyashitai tanikawa , 2001b : 77 , f . 54 - 55 , 58 - 61 ( d m f ) . araneus tartaricus namkung , 2002 : 249 , f . 19 . 11a - c ( f , misidentified ) . araneus seminiger ono , 2002a : 58 , f . 21 - 22 ( s m ) . araneus seminiger namkung , 2003 : 251 , f . 19 . 11a - c ( f ) . araneus seminiger tanikawa , 2007c : 78 , f . 218 - 220 , 643 - 644 ( m f ) . araneus seminiger tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 220 - 221 ( m f ) . araneus seminiger kim & lee , 2012b : 29 , f . 17a - b ( f ) .
araneus marmoroides schenkel , 1953b : 35 , f . 17a - e ( d m ) . araneus marmoroides zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 58 , f . 31 - 35 ( m , d f ) . araneus marmoroides chen & gao , 1990 : 46 , f . 50a - b ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides yin et al . , 1997d : 175 , f . 92a - e ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138q - r , 143i - j ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 191 , f . 113a - e ( m f ) .
araneus acachmenus rainbow , 1916a : 98 , pl . 21 , f . 14 - 15 ( d f ) .
araneus acusisetus zhu & song , in zhu et al . , 1994 : 27 , f . 2a - c ( d m ) . araneus acusisetus yin et al . , 1997d : 143 , f . 58a - c ( m ) . araneus acusisetus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 236 , f . 134k - l , 146k ( m ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2001b : 83 , f . 73 - 74 , 77 - 78 ( m , d f ) . araneus fuscocoloratoides namkung , 2002 : 254 , 620 , f . 19 . 16a - b ( d m f ) . araneus acusisetus namkung , 2003 : 255 , f . 19 . 15a - b ( m f , s ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2007c : 82 , f . 238 - 239 , 679 - 680 ( m f ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 255 - 256 ( m f ) . araneus acusisetus kim & lee , 2012b : 17 , f . 6a - c ( m f ) .
araneus agastus rainbow , 1916a : 104 , pl . 22 , f . 20 - 21 ( d f ) .
araneus albabdominalis zhu et al . , 2005 : 508 , f . 3a - e ( d m f ) .