odostomia harfordensis is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .

the epithet " harfordensis " refers to port harford , california , where the type specimen was collected .

odostomia harfordensis

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : odostomia harfordensis w . h . dall & p . bartsch , 1907 - id : 2241650430
subgenus odostomia ( odostomia ) j . fleming , 1813 accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813
subgenus odostomia ( pyramistomia ) cossmann , 1921 accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813
subgenus odostomia ( cyclodostomia ) sacco , 1892 † accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813
species odostomia adipata hedley , 1909 accepted as odostomia oxia r . b . watson , 1886
subgenus odostomia ( evalina ) dall & bartsch , 1904 represented as odostomia j . fleming , 1813
species odostomia didyma w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as odostomia dyma van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia didyma verrill & bush , 1900 ; odostomia dyma is a replacement name )
species odostomia dulcis w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as odostomia gittenbergeri van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia dulcis pilsbry & johnson , 1917 ; odostomia gittenbergeri is a replacement name )
species odostomia audoax [ sic ] accepted as odostomia audax baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928
» species odostomia ( evalea ) lavertinae e . a . smith , 1901 represented as odostomia lavertinae e . a . smith , 1901
species odostomia crassa thompson w . , 1845 accepted as odostomia eulimoides hanley , 1844 represented as brachystomia eulimoides ( hanley , 1844 ) ( synonym )
species odostomia brevicula jeffreys , 1883 accepted as turbonilla amoena ( monterosato , 1878 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia brevicula a . adams , 1861 )
subgenus odostomia ( heida ) dall , 1903 accepted as syrnola a . adams , 1860
species odostomia azteca a . m . strong & j . g . hertlein , 1939
species odostomia corintoensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
species odostomia costaricensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
species odostomia gallegosiana j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
species odostomia guatulcoensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
subgenus odostomia ( iolaea ) a . adams , 1867 accepted as iolaea a . adams , 1867
subgenus odostomia ( miralda ) a . adams , 1863 accepted as miralda a . adams , 1863
subgenus odostomia ( pyrgulina ) a . adams , 1863 accepted as pyrgulina a . adams , 1863
species odostomia crassicostata w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as hinemoa crassella van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia crassicostata may , 1915 ; hinemoa crassella is a replacement name )
species odostomia audax f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928
species odostomia contrerasi f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928
species odostomia gabrielensis f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928
species odostomia herrerae f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928
» species odostomia ( turbonilla ) undata r . b . watson , 1897 accepted as trabecula jeffreysiana monterosato , 1884
species odostomia dissimilis tiberi , 1868 accepted as euparthenia bulinea ( r . t . lowe , 1841 ) ( synonym )
species odostomia biplicatum deshayes , 1863 † accepted as stolidoma ( stolidomopsis ) fehsei le renard , 1994 † represented as stolidoma fehsei le renard , 1994 † ( junior homonym of odostomia biplicata fleming , 1814 ; s . fehsei is a replacement name )
species odostomia elegans a . adams , 1860 accepted as evalea elegans ( a . adams , 1860 ) ( original combination )
» species odostomia ( ividella ) orariana dall & bartsch , 1909 accepted as ividella notabilis ( c . b . adams , 1852 )
species odostomia babylonia ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) accepted as pseudoscilla babylonia ( c . b . adams , 1845 )
taxonomy the genus odostomia fleming , 1813 was used by xixth century authors , particularly in the european literature , for most of . . .
species odostomia amoebaea r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as hamarilla amoebaea ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( original combination )
species odostomia canaliculata c . b . adams , 1850 accepted as eulimastoma canaliculatum ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) ( original combination )
species odostomia dekleini ( van aartsen , gittenberger & goud , 1998 ) accepted as odetta dekleini van aartsen , gittenberger e . & goud , 1998
» species odostomia ( boonea ) seminuda ( c . b . adams , 1839 ) accepted as boonea seminuda ( c . b . adams , 1839 )
» species odostomia ( ividella ) ulloana a . m . strong , 1949 accepted as ividella ulloana ( a . m . strong , 1949 ) ( basionym )
» species odostomia ( turbonilla ) amoebaea r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as hamarilla amoebaea ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( basionym )
» species odostomia ( miralda ) rhizophorae hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as ividella rhizophorae ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 ) ( basionym )
» species odostomia ( ividella ) mendozae baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 accepted as ividella mendozae ( baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 ) ( basionym )
( of odostomia ( pyramistomia ) cossmann , 1921 ) cossmann , m . ( 1921 ) . essais de paléoconchologie comparée . douzième livraison . paris : [ the author ] . 349 pp . , plates a - d , 1 - 6 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 240 [ details ]
( of odostomia ( cyclodostomia ) sacco , 1892 † ) van aartsen , j . j . and j . x . corgan . 1999 . review of cyclodostomia sacco , 1892 and marginodostomia nomura , 1936 , two taxa of the pyramidellacea ( gastropoda : heterobranchia ) . basteria 63 : 61 - 68 . [ details ]
( of odostomia ( evalina ) dall & bartsch , 1904 ) dall w . h . & bartsch p . ( 1904 ) . synopsis of the genera , subgenera and sections of the family pyramidellidae . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 17 : 1 - 16 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 12 [ details ]
no . 68 ( 1909 ) - bulletin - united states national museum . - biodiversity heritage library
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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( of odontostomia jeffreys , 1839 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1839 ) . a list of the marine mollusca taken during a few days stay an oban in argyllshire , in the autumn of 1838 . malac . conch . mag . 2 : 23 - 46 . [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
gray j . e . ( 1847 ) . a list of the genera of recent mollusca , their synonyma and types . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 15 : 129 - 219 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 159 [ details ]
( of odontostoma philippi , 1853 ) philippi r . a . 1853 . handbuch der conchyliologie und malacozoologie . halle , eduard anton . pp . i - xx , 1 - 547 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 192 [ details ]
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udea uliginosalis is a species of moth in the crambidae family .

it is found in great britain , spain , france , germany , switzerland , austria , slovenia , slovakia , poland , romania , bulgaria , serbia and montenegro , albania and the republic of macedonia .

the wingspan is 25 – 30 mm .

the forewings are dull ash-coloured with a pale spot behind the middle .

the hindwings are paler or whitish with an ashy border on the hindmargin .

adults are on wing in july .

the larvae are probably polyphagous on low plants and/or grasses .

udea uliginosalis

udea uliginosalis §2 , male ; glen strathfarrer , inverness - shire ; 19 / 07 / 2012 ; fw 14 . 3mm © chris lewis
this rather local species is restricted in distribution to the uplands or mountains of scotland , and in some scottish islands such as orkney and rhum .
it frequents grassy habitats where the relatively nondescript adult moths can be found in july .
studies by r . j . heckford in 2009 , where moths were reared in captivity from ova , suggested that the larvae are polyphagous on low plants and / or grasses . typically , in scotland , the species occurs in regions and habitats where no ragwort is present .
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the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
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§4 dalmunzie ( glenshee ) , perthshire ; 26 / 08 / 2016 ; male ; fw 11 . 6mm ; to light all images © chris lewis
we have no records for this species in sussex in the sxbrc database as yet . . .
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taxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , but still applicable to lists that have not been reviewed since 1994 .
taxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , so no longer in use .
taxa which do not fall within rdb categories but which are none - the - less uncommon in great britain and thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10km squares of the national grid or , for less - well recorded groups between eight and twenty vice - counties . superseded by nationally scarce , and therefore no longer in use .
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flushed from vegetation by day at 1997m altitude - dolomites , italy ( 2 . vii . 2013 ) © neil sherman
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2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by speidel , w . & segerer , a . nuss , m .
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anticrates phaedima is a moth of the lacturidae family .

it is known from australia , including queensland .

the wingspan is about 18 mm .

adults have whitish-yellow forewings with dark fuscous markings .

the hindwings are red , but become paler towards the base .

anticrates phaedima

choose one > anticrates metreta > anticrates paraxantha > anticrates phaedima > anticrates sp . a > anticrates sp . anic1 > anticrates sp . anic2 > anticrates sp . bold : aak2739 > anticrates sp . mm - 2015 > anticrates sp . nw - 2010 > anticrates zapyra all lower taxonomy nodes ( 10 )
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anticrates phaedima turner , 1913 ( lacturidae ) , male - nsw , 3 miles s of port macquarie , 28 . mar . 1965 , i . f . b . common leg . ( anic ) .
anticrates phaedima turner , 1913 ( lacturidae ) , female - qld , lamington national park , 7 . nov . 1961 , i . f . b . common m . s . upton leg . ( anic ) .
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eudonia cleodoralis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by walker in 1859 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales , victoria and tasmania .

adults have been recorded on wing from november to february .

eudonia cleodoralis

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xv . on the classification of the australian pyralidina by e . meyrick , b . a
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the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
469x662 ( ~ 93kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 12 . 07 . 2007 , photo ©
400x640 ( ~ 104kb ) female russia , moscow area , 5 . 7 . 2006 © d . smirnov
scoparia dubitalis var . ivanalis krulikovsky , 1909 ; rev . russ . ent . 9 ( 1 - 2 ) : 113
scoparia pusilla dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 320 ( ? preocc . scoparia pusilla rosenstock , 1885 ) ; tl : cabima
platytes oxycampyla turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : queensland
gonodiscus australiensis hampson , 1898 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1898 : 606 , pl . 49 , f . 1 ; tl : w . australia , sherlock r . ; queensland , coomoo
platytes contempta turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 120 ; tl : tasmania
platytes erythroneura turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : victoria
tetraprosopus meyrickii butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 9 ( 50 ) : 97 ; tl : australia
platytes pediopola turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : queensland
scoparia antarcticalis staudinger , 1899 ; naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 106
crambus biradiellus mabille , 1885 ; bull . soc . philom . paris . ( 7 ) 9 : 70
crambus biradiellus ; staudinger , 1899 , naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 107
crambus ignicola staudinger , 1899 ; naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 108 , f . 9 ; tl : uschuaia
scoparia glauculalis hampson , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 : 233 ; tl : falkland is .
scoparia atropicta hampson , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 : 233 ; tl : u . s . a
scoparia stereostigma dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 369 ; tl : jalapa , mexico
scoparia anadonta dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 369 ; tl : real del monte , hidalgo , mexico
scoparia anagantis dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 370 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico
scoparia cyclophora dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 370 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico
eudorea granitalis moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 235 ; tl : s . e . of chiklik , yarkund
scoparia sachalinensis matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 185 , pl . 11 , f . 25 ♀ ; tl : sakhalin , ( ichinosawa , kiminai , kawakami )
scoparia ichinosawana matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 186 , pl . 11 , f . 9 ♂ ; tl : sakhalin , ichinosawa
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new genera and species of tropical crambinae ( studies on the crambinae , lepidoptera , pyralidae . part 48 )
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
descriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873
turner , 1937 new australian pyraloidea ( lepidoptera ) proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 61 - 88
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heliothelopsis unicoloralis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by barnes and mcdunnough in 1914 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona .

the wingspan is 12 – 14 mm .

the forewings are deep black-brown with a slight bronze tinge and sprinkled with whitish scaling .

the hindwings are uniform black-brown .

adults have been recorded on wing in august .

heliothelopsis unicoloralis

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barnes , w . m . & j . h . mcdunnough 1914 b : some new north american pyraustinae . – contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america , chicago 2 ( 6 ) : 244 , pl . 2 fig . 15 .
munroe , e . g . 1961 : synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . – memoirs of the entomological society of canada , ottawa 93 ( 24 ) : 53 .
synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) eugene g . munroe . 1961 . memoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 .
contributed by jason d . roberts on 2 august , 2007 - 2 : 30pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 15 may , 2016 - 6 : 28pm
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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holcocera gigantella is a moth in the blastobasidae family .

it is found in the united states , including colorado , arizona and california .

the wingspan is about 22 mm .

the larvae feed on the seeds and pods of yucca species .

holcocera gigantella

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blastobasis gigantella chambers , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 11 ) : 219 ; tl : rd to monument park , ~ 3 miles n of colorado springs
holcocera gigantella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 29 ; [ nacl ] , # 1185 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714
holcocera orthophrontis meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 317
holcocera percnoscia meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 317
holcocera chloropeda meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 541 ; tl : brazil , para
holcocera subolivacea ; adamski , 1999 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 101 ( 1 ) : 172
holcocera adjutrix meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 161 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
holcocera pugionaria meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 161 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
holcocera eusaris meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : peru , lima , 500ft
holcocera limicola meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
holcocera sympasta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800ft
holcocera cylindrota meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : colombia , la crumbre , 6600ft
= holcocera chalcofrontella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712
= holcocera chalcofrontella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 713
holcocera increta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 729 ; tl : hoang su phi
holcocera macrotoma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 599 ; tl : s . india , nilgiris , 7000ft
holcocera basiplagata walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 ; tl : guatemala , panajachel , 5000ft
holcocera digesta meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos , r . trombetas
holcocera sakura ohshima , 2003 ; ent . science 6 ( 3 ) : 210 ; tl : honshu , tatsuno - to , nagano - ken
holcocera anomalella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
holcocera concolor adamski & maier , 2003 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 105 ( 1 ) : 145 ; tl : barnstable , massachusetts
holcocera gargantuella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
holcocera guilandinae ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715
holcocera immaculella ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716
holcocera extensa ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 7 ; [ afromoths ]
holcocera hemiteles walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 152 ; tl : guatemala , totonicapam , 8500 - 10500ft
holcocera irroratella ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 7 ; [ afromoths ]
holcocera lignyodes ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6 ; [ afromoths ]
holcocera paradoxa powell , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 ( 3 ) : 224 ; tl : arizona , madera canyon , santa rita mtns
holcocera panurgella heinrich , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2305 ) : 71 ; tl : santa catalina mtns , arizona
holcocera coccivorella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
holcocera nephalia ; walsingham , 1912 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
holcocera villella ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716
holcocera titanica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 , pl . 5 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , oaxaca , salina cruz
holcocera homochromatica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 152 , pl . 5 , f . 19 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
holcocera paradoxa ; [ nacl ] , # 1206 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716
holcocera ( holcocerini ) ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712 ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6
holcocera gozmanyi adamski & landry , 2007 ; acta zool . acad . sci . hung . 53 ( suppl . 1 ) : 14 ; tl : galápagos , fernandina , cabo douglas , s 00°18 . 269 ' , w 091°39 . 098 '
holcocera crassicornella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 40 ; [ nacl ] , # 1178 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714
holcocera panurgella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 105 ; [ nacl ] , # 1205 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716
holcocera iceryaeella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 41 , pl . 3 , f . 21 ; [ nacl ] , # 1187 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715
holcocera chalcofrontella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 33 , pl . 2 , f . 17 , 17a - d ; mcdunnough , 1961 , amer . mus . novit . 2045 : 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 1175 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 4 . 22m ; p . 61 . book review and ordering
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= ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 23 ; [ nacl ] , 15 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712
= hypatopa ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 721
= ; [ richard brown , [ implied ] ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712
= ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6 ; [ afromoths ]
eubolepia anomalella dietz , 1910 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 40 , 40a ; tl : arizona , pinal mt .
blastobasis ( hypat . ? ) aphanes zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 439 , pl . 6 , f . 154
atlantic states , texas , missouri , virginia , maryland , manitoba . see [ maps ]
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 713
blastobasis coccivorella chambers , 1880 ; rep . ent . u . s . dep . agric . 1879 : 207 ; tl : cedar key , florida
nova scotia , quebec , ontario , saskatchewan , british columbia , maine , massachusetts . see [ maps ]
larva on larix sp . , picea abies , p . glauca , pinus resinosa , p . rigida , p . strobus adamski & maier , 2003 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 105 ( 1 ) : 148
blastobasis ( hypat . ) controversella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 436
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714
blastobasis extensa meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 55 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
eubolepia gargantuella heinrich , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2305 ) : 69 , pl . 6 , f . 34 ; tl : brush corral , arizona
blastobasis guilandinae busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 234 , pl . 1 , f . 9 ; tl : palm beach , florida
larva on quilandina handucella dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 6
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715
blastobasis irroratella walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 122 ; tl : bathurst , gambia
syndroma lignyodes meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 271 ; tl : mt mlanje , nyasaland
prosodica nephalia walsingham , 1907 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 33 ( 1567 ) : 200 [ nom . nud . ? ]
blastobasis ( hypat . ) proagorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 431 , pl . 6 , f . 151
blastobasis ( hypat . ) suppletella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 437 , pl . 6 , f . 153
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716
larva on xelisma ( andromeda ) ligustrina busck , [ 1901 ] , j . n . y . ent . soc . 8 : 239
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


emballonura is a genus of sac-winged bat in the family emballonuridae .

it contains the following species : small asian sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura alecto ) peters 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura atrata ) beccari 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura beccarii ) large-eared sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura dianae ) greater sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura furax ) lesser sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura monticola ) raffray 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura raffrayana ) pacific sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura semicaudata ) seri 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura serii ) western sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura tiavato )

emballonura

recently described as a new species in a split from emballonura atrata ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .
this species may be confused with emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with e . monticola on the island of borneo ( corbet and hill 1992 ) .
this recently described species is endemic to madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is restricted to the karstic lowland areas in the western part of the island , extending from the drier areas in the north in diana region to parc national tsingy de bemaraha in the west ( goodman et al . 2005 ) . a record from toliara in the extreme south has also been attributed to this species ( peterson et al . 1995 ) , but the specimen was not examined as part of the recent reassessment of emballonura taxonomy on madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . the distribution of this species would be significantly reduced if the toliara specimen was omitted . it is currently known to range between 10 and 330 m elevation ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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there is the possibility of confusion with e . monticola ( c . francis pers . comm . 2006 ) .
hutson , a . m . , racey , p . a . ( chiroptera red list authority ) , chanson , j . & chiozza , f . ( global mammal assessment team )
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and although populations are declining due to deforestation , it is unlikely to be occurring at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
the species occurs in borneo , philippines , sulawesi and other indonesian islands . in the philippines , it is probably found throughout except the batanes / babuyan region . records are from balabac , biliran , bohol , camiguin , catanduanes , dinagat , guimaras , leyte , luzon ( camarines sur , laguna , quezon provinces ) , maripipi , mindanao ( davao del norte , davao del sur , zamboanga del norte , and zamboanga del sur provinces ) , negros , panay ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . it is found across borneo .
in the philippines the species is common in areas with caves , including in or near secondary forest ; but is apparently rare elsewhere ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . in indonesia the species is common in the eastern part of its range ( i . maryanto pers . comm . ) .
it is found in lowland disturbed forest , as well as agricultural areas near remnant forest . most records are from caves , under large boulders , crevices , overhangs , or in man - made tunnels ( heaney et al . 1991 ; ingle 1992 ; rabor 1986 ; rickart et al . 1993 ; taylor 1934 ; heaney et al . 1998 ) . the species tends to roost close to the entrance of caves ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) . there are no records from old growth forest ( l . heaney and d . balete pers . comm . ) .
there are no major threats to this species . however , there is ongoing disturbance to caves , but whether this affects the species is not currently known ( d . balete , l . heaney and a . suyanto pers . comm . 2006 ) .
in the philippines , this species is found in protected areas , but most of these areas in the lowlands afford minimal protection . as with other species dependent on caves and crevices , there is a need to assess the population status , including the surrounding forest areas , across its range . elsewhere in its range , it occurs in some protected areas .
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lamoreux , j . ( global mammal assessment team ) , racey , p . a . , medellín , r . & hutson , a . m . ( chiroptera red list authority )
justification : although this species is known mainly from scattered records from a large area , it is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is known from papua new guinea and the solomon islands . in papua new guinea it has been recorded from east new britain , gulf , new ireland , southern highlands , and western provinces . in the solomon islands it has been recorded from the islands of guadalcanal , rennel , malaita , and santa isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . it may be present on other islands within the solomons group . this species ranges from sea level to 1 , 400 m asl ( mu , east new britain province ) .
the species is considered to be rare , but it may be more abundant than is currently known ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . the occurrence of this species across several biogeographic regions ( mainland new guinea , the bismarck archipelago , and solomon islands ) may indicate that there is little genetic connectivity between some populations ( s . hamilton pers . comm . ) .
this is a cave - dwelling , insectivorous species that has been recorded from mossy tropical forest ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . females are believed to give birth to two young per year ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .
it is threatened by deforestation and may be locally impacted by collection for food .
suitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . there are no known records of this species from protected areas , but it may occur in some within its range in papua new guinea .
justification : listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 5 , 000 km 2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in the quality of its habitat , number of locations , and the number of mature individuals .
this species was previously a common species over much of its range . e . s . rotensis was last observed on guam in 1972 , and was thought to have become extinct in the northern mariana islands after 1932 until recent confirmation of a population on aguiguan island in 1984 . it is estimated that 150 to 300 animals remain there with no immediate threats ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . populations in fiji have significantly declined and may be extinct on viti levu ( flannery 1995 ) . the subspecies e . s . sulcata and e . s . palauensis are thought to be stable , but there are limited data to support this ( hutson et al . 2001 ) .
this is a small ( five gram ) bat with high site fidelity to caves . e . semicaudata is usually considered a cave - dependent species ( it prefers cave entrances ) , but it also has been found roosting beneath overhanging cliffs . the species has been recorded flying in daylight under forest , but normally emerges at dusk . details of its diet are not known ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . e . s . rotensis is found primarily in forested habitats on aguiguan ( esselsytn et al . 2004 ) .
although there have been no conservation actions to protect this species to date , it is fully protected by legislation in samoa , guam , and in the northern marianas islands . suitable conservation actions for this species include the protection of known roosting caves , and the identification of additional important roosting sites . surveys are needed on population status and trends , as well as ecology , and threats ( e . g . , pesticide levels ) . a proposed survey of fossil remains on many of the southern islands of its historical range could yield potential translocation sites .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , its occurrence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . however it is potentially sensitive to forest loss and may become threatened in the future by continued deforestation .
this species occurs in myanmar and thailand to western malaysia , borneo ( all of the island ) and indonesia ( sumatra , riau archipelago , bangka , belitung , enggano , babi islands , batu islands , nias island , mentawai islands , java , sulawesi ) ( simmons 2005 ) . the distribution in sulawesi is uncertain . there is a new record from southern thailand , near phanom , suggesting that the myanmar population is linked to that of southern thailand and malaysia ( s . bumrungsri and p . bates pers . comm . ) . this species may also have been recorded from buton ( t . kingston pers . comm . ) . it is found at an altitude of about 50 m in southern myanmar and 330 m asl in sumatra ( a . suyanto pers . comm . ) .
there is very little population information for this species . it is relatively common on the islands of southern myanmar ( p . banks pers . comm . ) .
this species is found in limestone caves and small crevices throughout secondary forest in southern myanmar where colony size reaches 50 individuals . in southern thailand a maximum of 100 individuals are found in manmade caves while smaller colonies are found under hanging rock in tropical lowland forest ( s . bumrungsri pers . comm . ) . in peninsular malaysia e . monticola occurs in lowland rainforest , roosts under fallen trees , buttresses and tables ( c . francis pers . comm . ) .
there are no major threats to this species throughout its range . extraction of limestone may lead to the destruction of caves where this species is found . deforestation for agriculture , plantations , logging and as a result of fire is a major threat in some parts of its range .
goodman , s . m . , puechmaille , s . j . , friedli - weyeneth , n . , gerlach , j . , ruedi , m . , corrie schoeman , m . , stanley , w . t . and teeling , e . c . 2012 . phylogeny of the emballonurini ( emballonuridae ) with descriptions of a new genus and species from madagascar . journal of mammalogy 93 ( 6 ) : 15440 - 1455 .
following a recent taxonomic revision based on genetic and morphological comparisons , this species is now confined to the east of madagascar , with the smaller e . tiavato occurring in the west ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .
justification : this species is listed as least concern because it is relatively widespread in eastern madagascar and although its population is certainly decreasing as the humid forest is converted into agricultural areas there is no evidence that the decrease has been rapid enough to warrant near threatened or threatened status .
this species is restricted to the humid zone of eastern madagascar and has been recorded from around maroantsetra in the north to tolagnaro ( fort dauphin ) in the south ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is known from a wide elevational range , from as low as 30 m ( goodman et al . 2006 ) to at least 900 m ( randrianandriananina et al . 2006 ) .
there is no information on population size . this species is rarely trapped in flight or detected acoustically and information on populations and distribution is mainly from bats found in caves . colony size in caves rarely exceeds 20 individuals ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .
paremballonura atrata is usually found roosting in caves and small crevices in or near to relatively intact humid forest ( goodman et al . 2006 , randrianandrianina et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 , jenkins et al . 2007 ) . it is considered to be dependent on relatively intact forest ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) .
this species is collected by people for bushmeat in one part of eastern madagascar ( d . andriafidison pers . comm ) . otherwise , forest clearance for expanding agriculture threatens the foraging and roosting sites for this species ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .
this species has been recorded from parc national de mantadia ( randrianandrianina et al . 2006 ) and parc national de midongy du sud ( goodman et al . 2006 ) as well as from a network of protected sites around the baie de antogil ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it probably does not require specific conservation action as long as forest vegetation is protected , but local populations should be monitored at roosting sites .
justification : although this species is known only from scattered records it is listed as least concern in view of the wide distribution of these records , presumed large population , lack of any known major threats , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is known from indonesia , papua new guinea , and the solomon islands . it has been recorded from the indonesian islands of halmahera , ambon , seram , gebe , yapen , biak , numfor , and supiori . it is present throughout much of the island of new guinea ( papua province , indonesia and central , chimbu , east sepik , and eastern provinces of papua new guinea ) , and also occurs on new ireland , lihir , tabar islands , bougainville , and buka , papua new guinea . in the solomon islands , it has been reported from the islands of guadalcanal , malaita , new georgia , and sanata isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a , b ) . it has an elevational range of sea level to 1 , 600 m asl .
flannery ( 1995a ) reports that this is a relatively common species on new guinea .
this species inhabits shallow limestone caves and mining tunnels , with colonies typically consisting of between ten and 30 animals ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a ) . it is an insectivorous species that combines aerial feeding with foliage gleaning ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .
suitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . the species has been recorded from crater mountain wildlife management area ( d . wright pers . comm . ) .
justification : this bat is listed as least concern because although this species is declining due to the impacts of ongoing forest loss due to shifting agriculture and logging the reduction of suitable habitat is not thought to be sufficient to warrant listing in a higher category of threat . however , this species is not abundant within its range and requires close population monitoring and a reassessment may be needed in the near future .
roosting colonies of p . tiavato are usually relatively small ( < 20 individuals ) .
it appears to be associated with relatively intact forest and is believed to be forest dependent ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) . it is usually found roosting in the entrances to narrow caves and overhangs on rocks that receive weak sunlight ( cardiff 2006 , goodman et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 ) . at night it has been observed resting on buildings ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it feeds in forest understorey and over small streams with bank side vegetation ( robinson et al . 2006 ) . its diet includes lepidoptera ( razakarivony et al . 2005 ) .
the species is threatened by habitat loss due to slash - and - burn agriculture ( tavy ) and from charcoal collecting and logging . other potential threats come from the disturbance of roosting caves from tourists ( kofoky et al . 2007 ) , fire ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) or mining ( cardiff 2006 ) .
it is known from three protected areas , parc national tsingy de bemaraha , réserve spéciale d’ankarana , réserve spéciale d ' analamerana ( goodman et al . 2005 ) .
justification : previous assessments were limited by the availability of information on distribution . in recent years , new records of presence based on captures and recordings of its signature echolocation call , along with regional acoustic surveys , have extended the known and possible range of this species . as a result of this new information , and given the lack of identified key threats , this species does not currently match the criteria for listing as threatened .
the only significant threat to this species is broad - scale deforestation for forestry and the establishment of plantations . destruction or major disturbance of roost sites might pose a threat if large communal aggregations feature as part of the species’ reproductive behaviour . a significant part of the species range is made up of rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to be subject to large scale clearance or disturbance .
roost sites near crater mountain in chimbu province fall within the crater mountain wildlife management area . further ecological studies are needed .
proposed endangered status for five species from american samoa ; proposed rule ; reopening of public comment period and notice of public hearing .
no critical habitat rules have been published for the pacific sheath - tailed bat .
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aethes rubigana , the burdock conch , is a moth of the family tortricidae .

it was described by treitschke in 1830 .

it is found in most of europe , except the iberian peninsula and part of the balkan peninsula .

outside of europe , it is found in china ( beijing , hebei , heilongjiang , jilin , liaoning , ningxia ) , japan and russia .

the wingspan is 15 – 19 millimetres ( 0.59 – 0.75 in ) .

adults are on wing from late june to august in western europe .

the larvae feed on the seedheads arctium species ( including arctium lappa and possibly arctium minus ) .

full-grown larvae overwinter from october in a cocoon on the ground or occasionally in the seedhead .

pupation takes place within this cocoon .

aethes rubigana

aethes rubigana ( burdock conch ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
takiaiskätkökääriäinen
to
aethes rubigana treitschke 1830
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
burdock conch
to
aethes rubigana treitschke 1830
.
aethes rubigana §2 ; ham fen , kent ; 10 / 08 / 2010 ; fw 6 . 8mm © chris lewis
male genitalia : comparing images in mbgbi5 . 1 ( p206 figs 60 , 61 ) the most apparent difference between a . cnicana and a . rubigana occurs in the shape of the valva . the ventral margin comprises a short anterior portion and a long lateral portion , the two meeting at a rounded angle . the anterior portion is longer in a . rubigana than in a . cnicana ( moth dissection refers to this by indicating a relatively broad base to the valva in a . rubigana ) . i have been unable to find a more absolute way of describing this difference ( the lateral : anterior portion ratio is ~ 3 in both species ) . the base of the valva between its anterior and posterior attachments to the vinculum is also longer in a . rubigana than in a . cnicana , such that this distance is > the distance between the two posterior attachments in a . rubigana and < = this distance in a . cnicana . pierce and metcalfe gives : ' sacculus well - rounded ' in a . cnicana and ' hardly rounded ' in a . rubigana - i think this refers to the junction between the anterior and lateral portions of the ventral margin of the valva - and there is no difference in either the rounding or the angle between the two portions in the illustrations in mbgbi5 . 1 ; p & m also gives : socii longer in a . rubigana ; transtilla broader in a . cnicana . the illustrations in mbgbi5 . 1 show a small cornutus in the aedeagus of a . cnicana but not in a . rubigana - moth dissection indicates that this cornutus is variable but leaves open the possibility that when it is present the species should be a . cnicana .
id : very similar to a . cnicana which averages smaller ( ws : 14 - 17mm ) and has a slightly earlier flight season ( jun - jul ) , however there is overlap for most of the size range and for most of the flight season . they can be separated by the following features : 1 . colour of fascial markings : ferruginous in a . cnicana , dark brown in a . rubigana . ( may not be reliable ? ) 2 . breadth of dorsal portion of median fascia : fairly constant without a dorsal expansion and relatively narrow in a . cnicana ( median fascia occupies < 1 / 5 of length of dorsum ) ; expands at dorsum and relatively broad in a . rubigana ( median fascia occupies > = 1 / 5 of length of dorsum ) . 3 . angle of dorsal portion of median fascia : shallower in a . cnicana - a line drawn along the centre of the dorsal portion of the median fascia and extended to the costa cuts the costa near the distal end of the costal portion of the median fascia in a . cnicana and at some distance distal to this point in a . rubigana ( see images opposite ) . 4 . interruption of median fascia at its angle between the dorsal and costal portions : not usually interrupted completely in a . cnicana , usually interrupted completely in a . rubigana . norfolk moths also gives the presence of a distinct sub - terminal blotch edged black along its dorsal edge and dark spots along the costa between the median fascia and proximal costal bar as being diagnostic of a . rubigana . the former seems unconvincing to me and the latter may be present in both species as far as i can see .
a rather attractive species , with more distinct markings than some of its close relatives , it is locally but widely distributed throughout the british isles .
the moths fly from late june to august , from dusk into the night .
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approx length ( c . 9 . 5mm ) wingspan ( 15 - 19 mm . )
recorded in 55 ( 80 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
§5 romansleigh , devon ; 28 / 06 / 2016 ; male ; fw 7 . 4mm all images © chris lewis
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occasionally at light in monks soham during july 1917 - 35 ( mly ) ; not uncommon among burdock at brandon ( barrett ) ; bentley woods in 1901 ( pyett ) , orford in 1903 ( emm . 1904 , 80 ) , bred at hollesley in 1933 ( whit ) .
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wingspan 15 to 19 mm . a rather attractive species , with more distinct markings than some of its close relatives .
it is locally but widely distributed throughout the british isles . in the butterfly conservation ' s microlepidoptera report 2011 this species was classified as common .
fairly frequent but not common in leicestershire and rutland . l & r moth group status = b ( scarce resident or restricted distribution or regular migrant ) .
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first for dumfries & galloway was found at barony college at parkgate on 9th july 1982 during a scottish entomologists ' meeting .
first was found at kirkdale bank on 10th july 1999 during a ' grey daggers ' moth group field meeting .
other sites : auchenshore on auchencairn bay , bar hill near knockbrex , clifton , mersehead rspb .


the short-billed miner ( geositta antarctica ) is a species of bird in the family furnariidae , probably the most southerly breeding passerine in the world .

it weighs around 37 grams ( 1.3 oz ) and is typically around 14 centimetres ( 5.5 in ) in length including the tail , which when in flight is distinctively black with white edges .

geositta antarctica can be distinguished for the more widespread common miner by its much shorter bill and the absence of any rufous in the flight feathers .

its natural habitat is entirely within the patagonian steppe , and it breeds only in areas rain shadowed by the icy andes in santa cruz province and tierra del fuego .

geositta antarctica migrates as far north as mendoza during the autumn and winter seasons , but keeps to arid areas , and it is most numerous on heavily grazed grassland on the leeward side of tierra del fuego .

most of its habitat is in sandy soils where it forages for insects singly or in pairs .

the nest is a woven cup of grass-like material , placed usually in a subterranean burrow and three eggs are laid .

there are reports of mixed-species nesting colonies with other furnariidae species .

short - billed miner

the short - billed miner is distributed on the patagonian foothills of the andes in argentina and in tierra del fuego . it is found in grasslands and coastal scrub .
contrary to what the scientific name suggests , the short - billed miner has never been seen in antarctica . however it is one of the two southernmost miners , broadly sympatric with the similar common miner ( geositta cunicularia ) . the short - billed miner is fond of dry and sandy patagonian steppe , and its center of distribution is the north section of tierra del fuego island , although it does breed in low densities on the continent as well . apart from being shorter - billed than the common miner , the short - billed miner is also quite long - winged . the long wings may be an adaptation to migration , as this species is migratory and moves as far north as mendoza in argentina during the non - breeding period . while similar visually to the common miner , molecular data as well as similarities in song clarify that the andean creamy - rumped miner ( geositta isabellina ) is its closest relative .
gently rolling plain with short grass . bird was collected ( zmuc 104195 ) .
15–16 cm ; 34–40 g . moderate - sized miner with relatively short bill , and no prominent wing markings . has pale supercilium , dark line behind eye ; dull greyish - brown . . .
remsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . short - billed miner ( geositta antarctica ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
it has longer wings and a shorter bill . at rest , the primary projection is considerably longer than that of common miner and is about twice the length of the bill . otherwise there are few distinguishing features apart from indistinct streaking on the breast .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
s argentina ( s santa cruz s to n tierra del fuego ) and s chile ( magallanes ) ; in non - breeding season w & s argentina ( n to mendoza ) .
a series of doubled notes , “weetuk - weetuk - weetuk - weetuk - weetuk” ; flight call a shrill . . .
southern temperate grassland ; barren plains with sparse grassland , scattered shrubs ; also in sandy . . .
breeds in austral summer ; nests with eggs in nov and young in jan in s chile . presumably monogamous . nest at end of tunnel 0·5–1·5 m . . .
mainly resident , e . g . present on tierra del fuego all year round . in argentina , some post - breeding . . .
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in southern patagonia eba . abundant to fairly common . habitat occupied appears to be reasonably safe from . . .
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genetic data # r # r support earlier findings that sclerurus and geositta are sisters , and are basal to all other furnariid genera ; in recent years , sometimes treated as a separate family .
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a number of birds foraging and chasing each other on a small beach beside a lagoon , about 50ft away .
various calls from a small flock , about 50ft away on edge of lagoon , foraging .
part of a small flock , about 50ft away on edge of lagoon , foraging .
flushed from ground in patagonian steppe and flying away , initially at about 40ft .
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this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : geositta antarctica . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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data and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .
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merophyas scandalota is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from victoria and the australian capital territory .

the wingspan is 14.5-16.5 mm .

merophyas scandalota

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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. . . ir - atac trial in cotton , 1981 - 82 , p . d . rossiter ( qdpi ) . gatton , 16 . v . 78 , ex .
divulsana , b . franz - mann ( qdpi ) ; 5 . v . 81 ( qdpi ) ; d . p . i . resear . . . . . . e ( mcintosh ) , trioxys complanatus ( perez ) . there is also a single record from
divulsana ( walker ) ( lepidop - tera : tortricidae ) and an anomalo . . .
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