the genus sayornis is a small group of medium-sized insect-eating birds , known as phoebes , in the tyrant flycatcher family tyrannidae .

the genus name sayornis is constructed from the specific part of charles lucien bonaparte 's name for say 's phoebe , muscicapa saya , and ancient greek ornis , " bird " .

the english phoebe is a name for the roman moon-goddess diana .

phoebe ( bird )

of the three phoebe species , the eastern phoebe’s call most closely resembles its name .
some bird guides eschew words for more literal translations of a bird ' s song , but doing so ignores the point of mnemonic devices : aiding memory .
the eastern phoebe was the first bird to be banded in north america . in 1804 , john james audubon used a silver thread attached to its leg to note when the bird would return each year .
@ parakeets : if the bird is capable of flight let it go . otherwise , small portions of ground beef ( you might have to force it into the bird’s mouth until it learns to eat it ) until you can get the bird to a wildlife rehabilitater .
in 1804 , the eastern phoebe became the first banded bird in north america . john james audubon attached silvered thread to an eastern phoebe ' s leg to track its return in successive years .
another
first
; the eastern phoebe was the first north american bird to be banded for study . john james audubon banded an individual with a silvered thread in 1804 , so he could document this bird ' s return the following spring .
question : this seemingly unremarkable mystery bird is a remarkable
first
in north america . can you tell me about that
first
? this mystery bird will be challenging for you to identify from this image , but i think most of you can identify this bird ' s taxonomic family at least . can you identify this bird and tell me how to distinguish it from its family members ?
eastern phoebe , sayornis phoebe ( protonym , muscicapa [ ] phoebe ) , latham , 1790 , also known as the phoebe , as the bridge pewee or as the water pewee , photographed at white hall , virginia ( usa ) .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
response : this is an eastern phoebe , sayornis phoebe , the most common tyrant flycatcher ( family ; tyrannidae ) species that you ' ll see in the eastern united states . this migratory bird , which winters in central america , also pops up in western europe from time to time , giving the local birders a thrill .
white breasted nuthatch , black phoebe and titmouse interacting at the birdbath at las pilitas nursery .
say’s phoebe ( sayornis saya ) is the most colorful of the phoebes , gray above but a smart buffy orange below . it’s also the hardiest , breeding as far north as the alaskan arctic , much further north , in fact , than any other flycatcher . looking at its range map , this phoebe seems to have split the u . s . with its eastern cousin . say’s phoebe is named for the noted american naturalist , thomas say , who provided the first official descriptions of this bird and a number of other western species . one might find it ironic that say , considered the founder of descriptive entomology in the united states , has a bird named for him , but the fact that say’s phoebe is a flycatcher seems rather poetic .
mike is a leading authority in the field of standardized test preparation , but he ' s also a traveler who fully expects to see every bird in the world . besides founding 10 , 000 birds , mike has also created a number of other entertaining but now extirpated nature blog resources , particularly the nature blog network and i and the bird .
the black phoebe ( sayornis nigricans ) won’t be mistaken for any other bird ; nothing else that size shows such dark plumage with a white belly to contrast . this phoebe is a fixture in the american southwest and central america and can be spotted all the way down to argentina . black phoebes eat bugs with the same gusto as any other flycatcher , but will also go after tiny fish .
the black phoebe hawks insects , usually over water or near water . it will occasionally eat small fish .
the black phoebe does not migrate . however , they will move around a little in spring and fall .
lutmerding , j . a . and a . s . love . longevity records of north american birds . version 2015 . 2 . patuxent wildlife research center , bird banding laboratory 2015 .
there are many ways to contribute—we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !
when the word “phoebe” comes up , most people automatically think of things like the outermost of saturn’s known satellites , the greek titan - goddess of the moon , or the most fascinating and complex character from that happily departed sitcom , friends . anyone who has gone bird watching in north america , however , knows another kind of phoebe , a bold little genus that turns up with remarkable frequency from the arctic circle to the equator .
the eastern phoebe is a rather dull phoebe found in the east and across central canada . it frequently nests under eaves , bridges , or other overhangs on human - made structures . the eastern phoebe is most easily separated from other dull flycatchers by its characteristic habit of dipping its tail in a circular motion . monotypic . length 4 . 5
.
i haven’t heard that before , rick , but can absolutely see why . vermilion phoebe isn’t quite as catchy though !
thanks , corey . as a matter of fact , i have seen a bird flying under the deck today , which is where the nest is , so mom & dad may be thinking about that second brood . couldn’t tell if it was a phoebe , but i’ll be on the lookout . we need them for bug control !
a few other exceptions to this color scheme are the frosty plumage of the scissor - tailed flycatcher highlighted by salmon pink underwings , the orangish coloration of the say’s phoebe , and the black and white plumages of the eastern kingbird and black phoebe .
there’s a good case to be made that vermilion flycatcher is also a “phoebe , ” even though it’s not a sayornis .
if you have bird images , video or mp3 files that you ' d like to share with a large and ( mostly ) appreciative international audience here at the guardian , feel free to contact me to learn more .
the sharp whistled call of the black phoebe is a typical sound along creeks and ponds in the southwest . the birder who explores such areas is likely to see the bird perched low over the water , slowly wagging its tail , then darting out in rapid flight to snap up an insect just above the water ' s surface . related to the familiar eastern phoebe of eastern north america , this species has a much wider range , living along streams from california to argentina .
the black phoebe builds a nest out of mud . this mud nest is placed on a cliff , bridge , or building .
eastern phoebes made ornithological history in 1804 when john james audubon tied silver thread on the legs of nestlings - the first north american experiment in bird banding . the next year he found two of his marked birds nesting nearby .
weeks jr . , harmon p . 2011 . eastern phoebe ( sayornis phoebe ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
the black phoebe needs a source of water . if there is water near your home you may be able to attract the black phoebe by planting appropriate plant material . they like trees , especially cottonwoods , for nesting and cover as well as a perch for hunting .
diet : black phoebe is mainly insectivorous . some birds are well adapted to capturing small fish . it may sometimes eat small berries .
unlike most songbirds who must hear other birds to hone their vocalizations , an eastern phoebe raised in isolation will still sing a perfect song .
the eastern phoebe ( sayornis phoebe ) is common everywhere in the u . s . that might even vaguely be considered the east , and other parts besides . this bird is almost certainly the most common flycatcher within its range . it is also one of the most recognizable with its rounded head and telltale tail pump . bigger than an empidonax flycatcher and smaller than a myiarchus , the eastern phoebe is usually only mistaken for a pewee , and even that becomes unlikely with experience . this phoebe of phoebes is considered a loner as far as its own kind is concerned , but doesn’t appear to mind human presence . in fact , this is one species that seems to thrive in the face of rampant development . because eastern phoebes are early migrants , they serve as a sweet harbinger of spring .
the eastern phoebe has a large range , estimated globally at 6 , 200 , 000 square kilometers . it is native to the nations of north america as well as belize , bahamas , cuba , and turks and caicos islands and prefers forest and shrubland ecosystems . the global population of this bird is estimated to be 16 , 000 , 000 individuals and it does not appear to meet population decline criteria that would necessitate inclusion on the iucn red list . the current evaluation status of the eastern phoebe is least concern .
hi heather , thanks for the information , it is much appreciated . my bird’s name is cheerio and he is about 2 week’s old now and he has almost all his feathers , he is a eastern phoebe , and i have had him for a week now . oh , and i was wondering about the ground beef , is there any special brand i need to get ?
i was watching a chickadee create a nest when i heard the phoebe calling . i have seen them very often , but never heard them !
the black phoebe is found west of the sierra nevada range below 4000ft . there is also a small pocket of summer residents in inyo county .
black phoebe responds with alarm calls and flights to birds of prey and corvidae which threaten nests . it may swoop down at terrestrial predators and snap bill .
nest under eve with four phoebe babies and babies died in nest fully feathered looking ready to fly . parent keeps coming to site , what would cause ?
the oldest known eastern phoebe was at least 10 years , 4 months old . it had been banded in iowa in 1979 , and was found in 1989 in alberta .
scientific name : sayornis phoebe . family : flycatcher . length : 7 inches . wingspan : 10 - 1 / 2 inches . distinctive markings : white throat , long dark tail and a dark head . nest : mud and moss , lined with grasses , hair and feathers , under a bridge , deck or in a cave entrance ; holds two to six white eggs . voice : calls its name in rapid successions , “phoebe , phoebe , phoebe . ” also , clear , whistled “weew” or “tiboo . ” habitat : near water , woods with streams , farmyards and along wooded country roads with bridges crossing streams . diet : insects . backyard favorites : native plants to attract bugs .
hi , just found few day old phoebe’s . i’m trying to get bugs into their tiny mouths – much more difficult than you’d think . any suggestions ? can i feed them worms ?
hi natalie , i just finished hand feeding 6 baby phoebes and i used kaytee exact hand feeding formula . you should be able to find it at any of your local pet supply stores , i just recently bought a container of it at petco . kaytee exact has all of the protein and nutrients that any baby bird needs . i am not sure how old your baby is but i use a small plastic syringe for feeding . good luck to you and your baby phoebe , let me know how it goes . heather : )
range : black phoebe breeds along pacific coasts , from southern oregon to central america into south america . it winters in most of breeding range , but northern populations may winter along gulf of california .
@ renee : i would suggest contacting a wildlife rehabilitator : if you google search you should be able to find one near you . i imagine that if you can’t get bugs into their mouths that chunks of earthworms can substitute until you can get the bird to a person who knows what they are about when it comes to raising birds .
the black phoebe is found in plant communities associated with water . they are almost always close to a water source . ( sometimes this water source can just be a lawn ) . they especially like cottonwoods
we have had the pleasure of having a black phoebe visit us every day for about the last two months . we have been feeding him mill worms . he will get very close , within 4 feet of us . he now calls us when we are indoors . on several occasions he has followed us to other friends homes . ( over 30 miles away ) our friends and relatives can not believe this is true , but we know it is . we feel very fortunate . he is a beautiful bird . please let me know if you have heard of this happening to others .
the use of buildings and bridges for nest sites has allowed the eastern phoebe to tolerate the landscape changes made by humans and even expand its range . however , it still uses natural nest sites when they are available .
black phoebe usually initiates flight from low perch after located prey , and it will pursue it until capture , in short and direct flight . it sallies from perch and hawks prey from the air , or gleans it from the ground or the water surface of a pond . it may skim floating insects on water . black phoebe rarely moves on ground , preferring to fly . it may occasionally land on ground near prey , and hop for capturing it .
to give you an idea of their foraging behaviour , here ' s a brief video of an eastern phoebe hawking insects ( filmed at north carolina museum of life and science , durham , nc . uploaded 9 may 2008 ) :
flight : black phoebe has direct flight with steady wing beats . it may hover while gleaning prey from various places , or within clouds of flying insects . it can perform some acrobatic flights with zigzags and spirals during flight displays .
hello , i am raising a baby phoebe . i have been feeding him soaked dog food and fly’s , but this morning he is not doing well . what do i feed him ? i have raised meney birds with the same thing .
the eastern phoebe’s eponymous song is one of the first indications that spring is returning . it’s also a great way to find phoebes as they go about their business in quiet wooded neighborhoods . just don’t mistake the black - capped chickadee’s sweet , whistled “fee - bee” call ; the phoebe’s is much quicker and raspier . during early summer , a great way to find phoebes is to quietly explore around old buildings and bridges . look carefully under eaves and overhangs and you may see a nest .
despite its unobtrusive behavior and drab coloration , the eastern phoebe is a familiar bird to those who live within its range . its tendency to nest on human dwellings and under bridges has endeared it to many and earned it the common names of
bridge pewee
and
barn pewee
in 19th century north america . indeed , this flycatcher ' s use of bridges has evidently been a key element in the spread of its breeding range into the great plains and the southeastern united states . unlike the barn swallow ( hirundo rustica ) , however , it has not totally abandoned its original nest sites and continues to nest on rock outcrops and other natural niches when available .
members of the tyrannidae occur in most types of forested and non - forest habitats in north america except for the tundra . some species such as the willow flycatcher and black phoebe are associated with wetland habitats , others like the olive - sided and hammond’s flycatchers need coniferous forests , and other species such as the cassin’s kingbird and say’s phoebe , occur in grasslands . related species often replace each other in different habitats or regions such as in the case of the eastern and western wood - peewees .
an eastern phoebe has just built her nest around a ten penny nail on my front porch . it just happens to be right over the step down into the yard . it took me a couple of days to determine the kind of bird she was since i am not very well educated about the different kinds of birds in my area . i was worried about where she built the nest , but my coming and going hasn’t seemed to deter her at all . she started spending the night in the nest even before she finished it completely . if i go out at night , she raises her head and watches me . i hope she continues to be tolerant of me .
sauer , j . r . , d . k . niven , j . e . hines , d . j . ziolkowski , jr . , k . l . pardieck , j . e . fallon , and w . a . link ( 2017 ) . the north american breeding bird survey , results and analysis 1966–2015 . version 2 . 07 . 2017 . usgs patuxent wildlife research center , laurel , md , usa .
call : typical call is a sharp tsip , similar to the black phoebe ’s . song : distinctive , rough whistled song consists of 2 phrases : schree - dip followed by a falling schree - brrr ; sometimes strung together one after the other .
heather . if the birds still need to be cared for and you know where the parents are , leave the nest there . the parents are not at all put off by the scent of humans , but they probably won’t approach the birds in your presence . if you’re going to try to feed them , consider corey’s suggestion above of ground beef . you should also consider contacting your local bird rehabilitation center for more information . good luck !
yes heather , cheerio is doing much better , he is learning to sit on my finger now and is eating like crazy , i started feeding him a different kind of dog food , so that could have made the difference . have you raised any other birds , i have raised , a starling , and some kind of sparrow ( we never knew what he was ) and a few others , and now cheerio . i could send you some photos of them if you want . if so my email is backonthetrail @ urltoken i wold love to send you some photos of my last bird ( he was a phoebe to ) he was crippled but he was special . i would love to keep in touch .
one of our most familiar eastern flycatchers , the eastern phoebe’s raspy “phoebe” call is a frequent sound around yards and farms in spring and summer . these brown - and - white songbirds sit upright and wag their tails from prominent , low perches . they typically place their mud - and - grass nests in protected nooks on bridges , barns , and houses , which adds to the species’ familiarity to humans . hardy birds , eastern phoebes winter farther north than most other flycatchers and are one of the earliest returning migrants in spring .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto black phoebe’s most common call is a “tsip” used all year round during flights , when foraging , or against nest predators . it is a sharp sound , more plaintive than eastern phoebe’s call . we can also hear a loud “tseee” . song is a four syllable sound , a rising “pee - wee” followed by other descending “pee - wee” . also a bright “pidl - eee” or “pi - ts - lee” repeated several times . chatter vocalizations are used when male approaches female and during sexual behaviour .
the eastern phoebe is a loner , rarely coming in contact with other phoebes . even members of a mated pair do not spend much time together . they may roost together early in pair formation , but even during egg laying the female frequently chases the male away from her .
flying insects make up the majority of the eastern phoebe’s diet . common prey include wasps , beetles , dragonflies , butterflies and moths , flies , midges , and cicadas ; they also eat spiders , ticks , and millipedes , as well as occasional small fruits or seeds . back to top
just curious…we just had our annual phoebe visitation . they raised 3 chicks , and left today or yesterday . where do they go ? are they in the neighborhood , teaching the young ones how to hunt ? or have they moved on to a summer home ? thanks , michael in maine
eastern phoebe : breeds in eastern north america , although its normal range does not include the southeastern coastal united states . migratory , winters from the ohio river to the gulf coast . very rare vagrant to western europe . preferred habitats include open woodland , farmland and suburbs , often near water .
pewees are darker and they have longer wings , but they are most easily separated from phoebes by the phoebes’ distinctive tail wagging . empidonax flycatchers have eye rings and wing bars , which are absent in the eastern phoebe . an empidonax flycatcher flicks its tail upward ; only the gray flycatcher dips its tail downward .
habitat : black phoebe favourite habitats are coastal cliffs , river banks , shorelines of lakes and ponds , creeks and streams , fountains in parks . it can be found from sea level to 3 , 000 metres of elevation . this species is associated with water , accompanied by source of mud required for nest construction .
behaviour : black phoebe sits and waits on exposed perches , waiting for preys . it takes prey in open areas and from air . it forages over grasslands , water , roads , gardens and parks . during breeding season , mates forage separately , male in open areas , and female inside and at canopy edge .
this phoebe is one of the earliest migrants to nest in the northern united states and southern canada , with pairs forming and building nests in late march in the southern reaches of its breeding range . a monogamous and typically double - brooded species , individuals usually keep the same mate for both broods . the unique character and scarcity of this phoebe ' s nest sites promotes strong site - attachment , so that the same pair occasionally occupies the same site in successive years¿a fact first documented by john james audubon in 1804 when he tied a small circle of silver thread to the legs of nestling phoebes and then documented their return in successive years .
most eastern phoebes winter in the southeastern united states , although some winter as far north as the lower midwest and as far south as mexico . severe winters in the southern united states may cause periodic population crashes of this species . although strongly insectivorous , this phoebe can subsist on fruits when cold , windy weather makes insects scarce .
because of its intimate association with humans and their edifices , there is a long history of anecdotal accounts and observational notes for the eastern phoebe . however , there is also a plethora of scientific studies , many focusing on aspects of reproductive biology and behavior . the earliest major work is that of klaas ( 1970 ) , in kansas , which is at the western limit of this phoebe ' s distribution ; yet other major works have followed in kansas , specifically those of murphy ( 1994 ) and schukman ( 1974 ) . weeks ( 1978 , 1979 ) conducted long - term studies in indiana ; conrad and robertson ( 1993a , b ) examined reproductive behavior in ontario , as did hill and gates ( 1988 ) in west virginia .
despite its plain appearance , this flycatcher is often a favorite among eastern birdwatchers . it is among the earliest of migrants , bringing hope that spring is at hand . seemingly quite tame , it often nests around buildings and bridges where it is easily observed . best of all , its gentle tail - wagging habit and soft fee - bee song make the phoebe easy to identify , unlike many flycatchers .
eastern phoebes are occasional , sometimes frequent , hosts , of the brown - headed cowbird ; that fact , coupled with the easy availability of nests , has led to several major investigations of cowbird / phoebe associations , beginning with klaas ( 1975 ) in kansas and followed by rothstein ( 1975 , 1986 ) in connecticut and michigan , and most recently hauber ( 2001 , 2003a , 2006 ) in new york .
hello , i accidently ended up with a nest full of baby black phoebes . there are six of them and i would say they are maybe a day to 2 days old . i tried putting the nest up high where it was originally but the parents never approached the babies again , so i started feeding them . i have baby bird food that i feed my baby cockatiels . now i am finding out that they are insect eaters , what do i do now ? what do i feed them an how do i care for them ? ? incubator ? ? do you think the parents would of eventually come around and fed them ? please , any info will be very much appreciated ! thank you , heather : )
this soft - voiced flycatcher of the west is like the other two phoebes in its tail - wagging habit ; but unlike them , it often lives in very dry country , far from water . it is typical of prairies , badlands , and ranch country , often placing its nest under the eaves of a porch or barn . in open terrain where there are few high perches , say ' s phoebe may watch for insects in the grass by hovering low over the fields .
i am so excited to have mr & mrs phoebe in my yard . we had a pond / waterfall put in last year and they have been visiting us since . and i think they like it because they have built a nest . up under an eave and hidden from all . made of mud and grass . i think she recently layed her eggs . i be keeping my eyes out for those little guys when they get here . and i think they are territorial because they chase other birds away from the pond . they think it’s theres alone . funny birds to enjoy in the backyard .
description : black phoebe is a small black and white flycatcher . adult has black upperparts , head and breast . belly and vent are white . wings show paler feathers’ edges . head , breast and upper back are rather sooty black . lower back , wings and tail are brownish slate . white colour on belly form an inverted v . dark tail shows white outer edges of external coverts . thin , pointed bill is black . eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are black . male and female show the same plumage , but during breeding season , male has cloacal protuberance and female has brood patch .
a black phoebe began visiting and perching on a chair near the pool several months ago . it seems to like hearing my voice , so i greet it each time it calls to me . it hasn’t followed us that i know of , but we were away for 5 days last week and when i put the kitchen blind up the morning after returning he came fluttering very close to the window in a more excited manner than usual . today , i heard him chirping and there he was perched very close to the window with a moth fluttering in his beak . almost as if he wanted to show me his catch .
thus best known aspects of this species ' life history are reproduction ( especially clutch size ) , nesting success , and impacts of nest parasitism . additionally , aspects of nestling growth ( stoner 1959 , mahan 1964 , murphy 1981 ) and behavioral displays and songs ( smith 1969 , 1970 ) are well described . in contrast , except for the work of beal ( 1912 ) and via ( 1979 ) , we know relatively little of the eastern phoebe ' s food habits and only a modicum about its energy budgets , relationships , and trade - offs . recently , substantial dna work has been done ( beheler 2001 ) , studies that have documented considerable extra - pair paternity and polygyny in this socially monogamous species .
reproduction : black phoebe female selects nest - site . nest is situated above water , and above high - water mark . nests situated above the ground are higher than others . nest may be found in dirt ledges along streams , sheltered places on large rocks over water , or in tree under broken branch , walls… female throws mud pellets onto vertical surface , in order to form a line , horizontal or upwards arc . then , she builds an open cup cemented with mud to a wall or other support . mud is mixed with grass , dry vegetation or hair . interior is lined with woven plant fibres , feathers and hair . it is usually situated under a ceiling , in a sheltered place , such crevices , ledges…
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any of various plants having pale flowers with dark centres , esp . t . . .
consider putting up a nest box to attract a breeding pair . make sure you put it up well before breeding season . attach a guard to keep predators from raiding eggs and young . find out more about nest boxes on our attract birds pages . you ' ll find plans for building a nest box of the appropriate size on our all about birdhouses site .
unlike most birds , eastern phoebes often reuse nests in subsequent years—and sometimes barn swallows use them in between . in turn , eastern phoebes may renovate and use old american robin or barn swallow nests themselves .
eastern phoebes breed in wooded areas ( particularly near water sources ) that provide nesting sites—typically human - built structures such as eaves of buildings , overhanging decks , bridges , and culverts . before these sites were common , phoebes nested on bare rock outcrops and still do occasionally . they seem to choose nest sites with woody understory vegetation nearby , possibly to make the nest site less visible or to provide perches near the nest for the adult . on migration they use wooded habitats and show somewhat less of an association with water . during winter , eastern phoebes occur in deciduous woods , more often near woodland edges and openings than in unbroken forests . back to top
eastern phoebes build nests in niches or under overhangs , where the young will be protected from the elements and fairly safe from predators . they avoid damp crevices and seem to prefer the nests to be close to the roof of whatever alcove they have chosen . nests are typically less than 15 feet from the ground ( in a few cases they have been built below ground level , in a well or cistern ) .
only the female builds the nest , often while the male accompanies her . she constructs the nest from mud , moss , and leaves mixed with grass stems and animal hair . the nest may be placed on a firm foundation or it may adhere to a vertical wall using a surface irregularity as a partial foundation . the female may at first need to hover in place while she adds enough of a mud base to perch on . nests can take 5–14 days to build and are about 5 inches across when finished . the nest cup is 2 . 5 inches across and 2 inches deep . unlike most birds , nests are often reused in subsequent years—and sometimes used by barn swallows in some years .
eastern phoebes sit alertly on low perches , often twitching their tails as they look out for flying insects . when they spot one , they abruptly leave their perch on quick wingbeats , and chase down their prey in a quick sally—often returning to the same or a nearby perch . less often , they hover to pick insects or seeds from foliage . phoebes rarely occur in groups , and even mated pairs spend little time together . males sing their two - parted , raspy song throughout the spring and aggressively defend their territory from others of their eastern phoebes , though they tolerate other species . both sexes , but particularly the female , attempt to defend the nest against such predators as snakes , jays , crows , chipmunks , mice , and house wrens . back to top
sibley , d . a . ( 2014 ) . the sibley guide to birds , second edition . alfred a . knopf , new york , usa .
population probably increased as buildings and bridges provided many more potential nesting sites . current numbers are apparently stable .
streamsides , farms , woodland edges . in breeding season , typically found near water in woodland or semi - open country . may be limited mostly by availability of good nest sites , which are often along streams . in migration and winter , found around edges of woods , brushy areas , often near water .
forages by watching from a perch and flying out to catch insects . most are caught in mid - air , some are taken from foliage while hovering briefly . also drops to the ground to pick up insects there . perches in shrubs or trees to eat berries .
4 - 5 , sometimes 2 - 6 . white , sometimes with a few dots of reddish brown . incubation is by female only , about 16 days . young : both parents bring food for nestlings . young usually leave nest about 16 days after hatching . adults typically raise 2 broods per year .
both parents bring food for nestlings . young usually leave nest about 16 days after hatching . adults typically raise 2 broods per year .
mostly insects , some berries . insects make up great majority of summer diet ; included are many small wasps , bees , beetles , flies , true bugs , grasshoppers , and others . also eats some spiders , ticks , and millipedes . small fruits and berries are eaten often during the cooler months , and are probably an important part of the winter diet .
male defends nesting territory by singing , especially at dawn . occasionally one male may have two mates , and may help to feed the young in two nests at once . nest : original sites were probably always on vertical streambanks or small rock outcrops in the woods , with a niche providing support below and some shelter above . now often builds nest under bridges , in barns , in culverts , or in other artificial sites . same site may be used repeatedly , and may build on top of old nest . nest ( built by female ) is an open cup with a solid base of mud , built up with moss , leaves , and grass , lined with fine grass and animal hair .
migrates quite early in spring and late in fall , especially compared to other flycatchers .
clear phoe - be , repeated many times ; the second syllable is alternately higher or lower than the first . call note a distinctive , short chip .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
thanks to audubon vermont and others , the already green state is becoming even more proactive about preventing forest fragmentation .
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
numbers apparently stable , possibly increasing in some areas where artificial ponds have added to nesting habitat .
shady streams , walled canyons , farmyards , towns ; near water . occurs in a variety of semi - open habitats . rarely found away from vicinity of water , which may be natural streams or ponds , or irrigation ditches or even water troughs ; water ensures the availability of mud for nests .
forages by watching from a perch and darting out to catch insects , often just above water . catches insects in mid - air , or may hover while picking them from foliage or sometimes from water ' s surface . may also take insects from the ground , especially in cool weather . indigestible parts of insects are coughed up as pellets . male and female maintain separate feeding territories in winter .
4 , sometimes 3 - 6 . white ; some ( thought to be the last laid ) may have reddish - brown dots . incubation is by female only , 15 - 17 days . young : fed by both parents . may leave nest 2 - 3 weeks after hatching . usually 2 broods per year , rarely 3 .
fed by both parents . may leave nest 2 - 3 weeks after hatching . usually 2 broods per year , rarely 3 .
almost entirely insects . feeds on a wide variety of insects including beetles , grasshoppers , crickets , wild bees , wasps , flies , moths , caterpillars . occasionally eats small fish .
in courtship , male performs song - flight display , fluttering in the air with rapidly repeated calls , then descending slowly . nest : mud nests are usually plastered to sheltered spot such as cliff face , bridge support , culvert , or under eaves of building . occasionally in well a few feet below ground level . often returns to same nesting site year after year . nest ( probably built by female ) is an open cup , semi - circular if attached to vertical wall , circular if placed on flat beam . nest is made of mud mixed with grass and weeds , lined with soft materials such as plant fibers , rootlets , hair .
mostly a permanent resident , but departs in fall from highest elevations and from northern edge of range in southwest .
song is a thin , buzzy pi - tsee , usually repeated . call is a sharp , down - slurred chip .
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surprise ! i decided to give all of you a may day present ! fruit & flower enamel mugs are going to be available for pre - order tomorrow at 9am pst ! check my shop when the time comes : urltoken ! they will ship on / after may 12th .
image : pete myers , 2 march 2009 ( with permission ) [ velociraptorize ] . nikon d300 80 - 400mm f / 4 . 5 - 5 . 6 nikkor iso 320 focal length 400mm 1 / 500 at f / 6 . 3
eastern phoebes are consistently amongst the first migratory birds to arrive in the northeastern usa - - i ' ve seen them in central park in new york city in late march , which is at least three weeks before the first wave of neotropical migrants begins to arrive . they also are amongst the last migrants to leave in autumn .
eastern phoebes are fairly tolerant of humans and their structures , hence their alternative common names . this trait has probably contributed to the increase in this species ' population and range since historic times . however , these birds are not very tolerant of each other , and tend to spend most of their time alone , even when breeding .
you are invited to review all of the daily mystery birds by going to their dedicated graphic index page .
© 2018 guardian news and media limited or its affiliated companies . all rights reserved .
by downloading this nest box plan you will be subscribed to the cornell lab of ornithology and nestwatch enewsletters . you will receive a confirmation email with a link to complete subscription .
this species is in decline in certain regions . you can put up a nest box to help if you live in the right region and habitat .
place the platform close to overhead cover ( e . g . , overhangs , ledges ) .
copyright © 2018 cornell university cornell lab of ornithology 159 sapsucker woods rd ithaca , ny 14850 tel : 800 . 843 . 2473
adapts well to changes in landscape , often nesting in residential areas . numbers apparently stable .
scrub , canyons , ranches . found in open or semi - open terrain , often in dry country , avoiding forested areas . often in farmland , savannah , or prairie in south , dry upland tundra in northern part of range . unlike the other two phoebes , has no special attachment to vicinity of water .
forages by perching on low shrub or rock and darting out to capture insects . may catch its food in mid - air , or take it from low foliage or from ground . also often hovers low over fields until prey is spotted , then drops to ground to capture it . indigestible parts of insects are coughed up as pellets .
4 , sometimes 3 - 7 . white ; some ( thought to be the last laid ) may have small brown or reddish spots . incubation is by female only , 12 - 14 days . young : both parents bring food to nestlings . young leave nest about 14 - 16 days after hatching . 1 - 2 broods per year , sometimes 3 in the south .
both parents bring food to nestlings . young leave nest about 14 - 16 days after hatching . 1 - 2 broods per year , sometimes 3 in the south .
almost entirely insects . often feeds heavily on wild bees , wasps , winged ants . other insects in diet include beetles , moths , grasshoppers , crickets , and dragonflies . also eats spiders and millipedes , and occasionally eats berries .
males are thought to arrive on breeding grounds before females . male sings to defend nesting territory , usually from exposed perch , sometimes in flight - song display . nest site varies : on rocky ledge or crevices in cliffs or caves , in wells or mine shafts , under bridges or eaves ; occasionally in natural tree cavity or hole in bank . may take over old swallow nest . nest ( probably built by female , but details not well known ) is a flat open cup made of grass , weeds , moss , spiderwebs , wool , and other materials . unlike other phoebes , usually uses no mud in nest .
migrates north relatively early in spring . occasionally strays to atlantic coast ( once even to bermuda ) , mostly in fall .
the eastern is brownish gray above ; darkest on head , wings , and tail . its underparts are mostly white , with pale olive wash on sides and breast . fresh fall adult easterns are washed with yellow , especially on the belly . molt occurs on the breeding grounds . juvenile : plumage is briefly held and similar to the adult’s but browner , with 2 cinnamon wing bars and cinnamon tips to the feathers on the upperparts .
common . breeding : woodlands , farmlands , parks and suburbs ; often near water . migration : breeders return to the midwest mid - march–late april and depart late september–early october . rare in fall and winter to california . vagrant : casual west of the rocky mountains and northwestern great plains . accidental to southern yukon and northern alaska ; sight record for england .
bill , legs , and feet are black . feeds on insects , small fish , berries and fruit . weak fluttering bouyant flight .
song is a raspy
fee - bee
or
fee - b - b - bee
.
a group of flycatchers has many collective nouns , including an
outfield
,
swatting
,
zapper
, and
zipper
of flycatchers .
the passeriformes ( pronounced pas - ser - i - for - meez ) , a large taxonomic order that includes antbirds , cotingas , and flycatchers , is composed of one hundred eighteen families of birds .
the tyrannidae ( pronounced tie - ran - uh - dee ) , or tyrant flycatchers , is a very large , successful family of four hundred and twenty - four species in one hundred genera only found in the americas .
in north america , one hundred forty - seven species of tyrant flycatchers in fifty - eight genera have occurred . these include the brilliant vermillion flycatcher , the sassy kingbirds , and the bridge - loving phoebes .
some tyrant flycatchers are known for their bold , aggressive behavior , this family often called the tyrant flycatchers for this reason . the eastern kingbird in particular , seems to go out of its way to chase much larger birds ( such as turkey vultures ) away from its territory .
small to medium in size , tyrant flycatchers have stocky heads with medium sized beaks , tails that vary in length , and long wings . they also have short legs suited to their arboreal lifestyles .
tyrant flycatchers do not nest in colonies and mostly forage in pairs or alone although the eastern kingbird forms flocks during migration and on its wintering grounds in amazonia . most north american flycatchers share a similar foraging strategy that often varies by niche and prey item . this foraging strategy involves watching for insects from a perch , sallying out to catch one with a snap of the beak , and returning to the perch to eat it .
most tyrant flycatcher species have stable populations in north america . the olive - sided flycatcher , though , has sharply declined throughout its range possibly due to habitat destruction on its wintering grounds and has been listed as near - threatened .


the apical flycatcher ( myiarchus apicalis ) is a species of bird in the family tyrannidae .

it is endemic to colombia .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , and heavily degraded former forest .

apical flycatcher

apical flycatcher is a songbird endemic to colombia . the species lives in gallery forest in vallies in western colombia below 1700 meters in elevation . it is an easy myiarchus flycatcher to identify , as it is the only member of that genus with conspicuous white tips to the tail feathers . otherwise it is a normal - appearing member of the genus with large size , slim shape , stout bill , and crest , and typical behavior , conspicuously hawking insects around woods and borders . apical flycatcher gives several call types , a dry whit call , stutters , and whistles .
joseph , l . ( 2018 ) . apical flycatcher ( myiarchus apicalis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) . trend justification : this species thrives in secondary and open habitats and is suspected to be expanding its range as deforestation continues ( del hoyo et al . 2004 ) .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
upper parts of four river systems in wc colombia : cauca valley ( valle and cauca ; recorded also in antioquia ) , pacific slope in arid valleys of upper r dagua ( valle ) , upper r patía ( nariño and valley of r calima ) , and magdalena valley ( santander and boyacá s to huila ) .
with conspicuous pale whitish tail tips ; crest more bushy than on most congeners . crown is brownish - olive , darker feather . . .
repeated rolls , hiccups and whistles in response to intruding conspecifics ; typically , gives long . . .
most numerous in scrubby vegetation of dry to arid valleys ; also recorded in forest and lighter . . .
insects and small fruit ; a beetle ( coleoptera ) found in one stomach . singly or in pairs . forages by sallying from perch at middle and lower . . .
laying recorded in jul , sept and nov–feb ; males with enlarged testes late jan to mid - apr . nests found in tree cavity 5 m up and in . . .
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in colombian inter - andean valleys eba . uncommon to locally fairly common . common in upper dagua valley w of cali ( . . .
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highly speciose family , herein divided into nine subfamilies ( with ten tribes ) ; recent studies # r # r suggest that the first four listed ( platyrinchinae , pipritinae , tachurisinae , pipromorphinae ) are sister to rest of family , and may merit treatment as 1–4 separate families .
phylogenetic study based on mtdna # r found that , with exception of m . semirufus , this genus comprises two clades , one of predominantly caribbean and central and north american taxa , the other of south american taxa . see also rhytipterna ( above ) .
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although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : myiarchus apicalis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
male singing and doing aggressive displays in a scrub adyacent to forest edge . i t was recorded for 5 minutes , but their calls and songs were between long pauses . this is the first cut .
same male as xc405882 . second cut after 3 minutes with respect to the first one .
same individual as xc405882 . in this case third cut with respect to the second one after 2 minutes .
same male as xc405882 . fifth cut , 2 and 34 minutes after fourth cut .
same male as xc405882 . sixth cut , 1 and 27 minutes after 5 cut .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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negeta contrariata is a moth in the nolidae family .

it is found from the indo-australian tropics of india , sri lanka , borneo east to australia ( queensland ) and bismarck archipelago .

negeta contrariata

negeta contrariata ; [ poole ] ; [ mob18 ] : 180 , pl . 9 , f . 469 , 472
negeta abbreviata ; [ poole ] ; [ mob18 ] : 181 , pl . 9 , f . 473
negeta aureata holloway , 2003 ; [ mob18 ] : 181 , pl . 9 , 474 ; tl : brunei , 30 - 60m , labi
negeta montanata holloway , 2003 ; [ mob18 ] : 181 , pl . 9 , f . 470 ; tl : sabah , mt . kinabalu , park h . q . , 1620m
the adult moths are brown with a large white spot near the tip of each forewing .
1 - 3 & 4 - 6 , two ♂♂ : data see label ( coll . & photos : egbert friedrich )
1 - 3 , ♀ : data see label ( coll . & photos : egbert friedrich )
( 1862 : ) [ from copyright - free scan at www . biodiversitylibrary . org ]
doranaga apicalis m oore , [ 1887 ] [ synonym according to funet . fi ]
original description : w alker , f . ( 1862 ) : list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum 24 : 1021 - 1280 .
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status : a common species and widely distributed . it is found in lowland and at moderate altitudes . there is some variety in the apical triangle which usually is pure white but in some specimens is suffused with dark grey .
papua localities : waigeo island : camp nok ; supiori island : nansfori ; roon island : yende ; new guinea : andai , fakfak ( kapaur ) , getentiri , landikma , lelambo , mabilabol , prafi , sabron camp ( cyclops ) , tuan wowi , wendesi , yasur , yongsu . details in gazetteer .
external distribution : indo - australia , papua new guinea , bismarck archipelago , australia .
the adult moths are brown with a large white spot near the tip of each forewing . the wingspan is about 2 cms .
nertobriga signata subterminalis gaede , 1938 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 11 : 449 - 450
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catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at sarawak , in borneo , by mr . a . r . wallace , with descriptions of new species
walker , 1865 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
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> more . . . < / a > < / p >
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< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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> family and domains < / a > section describes the position and type of a domain , which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three - dimensional structure or fold . < p > < a href = ' / help / domain ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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the flores crow ( corvus florensis ) is a species of bird in the family corvidae .

it is endemic to indonesia .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

flores crow

select an image : 1 . flores crow 2 . flores crow 3 . flores crow 4 . flores crow > > adult 5 . flores crow 6 . flores crow 7 . flores crow 8 . flores crow 9 . flores crow 10 . flores crow
40 cm . medium - sized , forest - dwelling crow . plumage all black , dark iris . feathering extends halfway along ridge of bill .
endangered . restricted - range species : present in northern nusa tenggara eba . rare . formerly found throughout flores , but now virtually restricted to rainforests at extreme w . . .
this rather diminutive crow has a very small population , which is subject to a continuing decline in the face of rampant deforestation on its island home . it thus qualifies as endangered .
madge , s . ( 2018 ) . flores crow ( corvus florensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
40 cm ; c . 175 g . small crow with relatively short bill with gently curving culmen , nostrils very long but concealed by dense nasal tuft ( which extends half - way along side of . . .
conduct further surveys in central and eastern flores ( particularly in northern ende , where moist , deciduous monsoon - forest is reported to be extensive ) to establish its current distribution and population size . conduct ecological research to assess its success in different forest - types and the impact of cuckoo parasitism . extend wolo tadho strict nature reserve and support the establishment of further protected areas in western flores ( including tanjung kerita mese , golo bilas and nanga rawa ) .
, where it is known chiefly from the lowlands in the western half of flores ( birdlife international 2001 ) . it seems likely that it has always been relatively uncommon , although locally frequent in undisturbed habitat . overall , it is acknowledged to occur only at low densities , with most encounters involving single birds , and appears to have declined .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
repeated 1 - 3 times , resonant popping or gurgling and wheezing contact call .
the population is estimated to number 1 , 000 - 2 , 499 individuals based on an assessment of known records , descriptions of abundance and range size . this is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size , and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated extent of occurrence is likely to be occupied . this estimate is equivalent to 667 - 1 , 666 mature individuals , rounded here to 600 - 1 , 700 mature individuals . trend justification : this species is suspected to be declining at a moderate rate , through forest loss ( and perhaps also brood parasitism by cuckoos ) .
being a species targeted for study . it has been recorded in the wolo tadho strict nature reserve and wae wuul nature reserve .
edited habitats and ecology information text . added new reference , new contributor and new facilitator / compiler .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22705956a110289015 .
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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : corvus florensis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
along with c . typicus sometimes separated in nesocorax . relationships uncertain , possibly a separate lineage # r # r ; earlier thought perhaps to be an ancient derivative of the “ c . enca complex” , but differs fundamentally in bill structure and plumage texture . monotypic .
usual call a high - pitched , but downwardly inflected rasping
cwaaa
or
waaaak
, repeated up to . . .
tall secondary and primary moist , semi - deciduous monsoon forest along watercourses ; chiefly in . . .
no specific information on diet ; most likely to consist of small invertebrates and small fruits . forages in ones and twos , parties of up to . . .
season sept–jan . nest constructed of sticks , built c . 12 m above ground ; one documented nest was in isolated tree amid wooded . . .
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zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2011 . 12 . 31 , website ( version 31 - dec - 11 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource
maintained by alan p . peterson at urltoken
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