vokesimurex elenensis , common name the ( santa ) elena murex , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

vokesimurex elenensis

vokesimurex elenensis ( dall , 1909 ) . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 25 april 2010 .
murex plicatus g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ( invalid : junior homonym of murex plicatus gmelin , 1791 ; m . elenensis is a replacement name )
houart ( 1999 ) transferred 14 indo - pacific species and three subspecies of haustellum in the genus vokesimurex .
species haustellum sobrinus ( a . adams , 1863 ) accepted as vokesimurex sobrinus ( a . adams , 1863 )
haustellum sobrinus ( a . adams , 1863 ) : synonym of vokesimurex sobrinus ( a . adams , 1863 )
species haustellum bellegladeensis ( e . h . vokes , 1963 ) accepted as vokesimurex bellegladeensis ( e . h . vokes , 1963 )
species haustellum malabaricum ( e . a . smith , 1894 ) accepted as vokesimurex malabaricus ( e . a . smith , 1894 )
species haustellum rubidum ( f . c . baker , 1897 ) accepted as vokesimurex rubidus ( f . c . baker , 1897 )
haustellum malabaricum ( e . a . smith , 1894 ) : synonym of vokesimurex malabaricus ( e . a . smith , 1894 )
species haustellum dentifer ( r . b . watson , 1883 ) accepted as vokesimurex dentifer dentifer ( r . b . watson , 1883 )
species haustellum gallinago ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 ) accepted as vokesimurex gallinago ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 )
species haustellum mindanaoensis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 ) accepted as vokesimurex mindanaoensis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 )
species haustellum multiplicatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1895 ) accepted as vokesimurex multiplicatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1895 )
species haustellum rectirostris ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 ) accepted as vokesimurex rectirostris ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 )
petuch ( 1994 ) introduced vokesimurex for the american long - canalled haustellum sensu vokes ( 1990 ) , such as murex messorius sowerby , 1841 .
haustellum gallinago ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 ) : synonym of vokesimurex gallinago ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 )
haustellum mindanaoensis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 ) : synonym of vokesimurex mindanaoensis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 )
houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp .
houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of brontes montfort , 1810 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of brontesia reichenbach , 1828 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of haustellaria swainson , 1833 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex plicatus g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
as currently defined , haustellum is represented by eight to nine species . members of haustellum generally differ from those of vokesimurex in having a globose and low - spired shape , a more rounded aperture , a smooth columella , a less deep anal notch , and no cord spine .
houart , r . ( 1999 ) . review of the indo - pacific species of haustellum schumacher , 1817 and comments on vokesimurex petuch , 1994 ( gastropoda : muricidae ) with the description of h . bondarevi n . sp . apex 14 ( 3 - 8 ) : 81 - 107 .
merle d . , garrigues b . & pointier j . - p . ( 2011 ) fossil and recent muricidae of the world . part muricinae . hackenheim : conchbooks . 648 pp . [ details ]
( of murex plicatus g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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murex plicatus sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834 : c america ( renamed )
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schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen . iv + 288 pp . , 22 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 64 , 213 [ details ]
merle d . , garrigues b . & pointier j . - p . ( 2011 ) fossil and recent muricidae of the world . part muricinae . hackenheim : conchbooks . 648 pp . page ( s ) : 63 [ details ]
ponder w . f . & vokes e . h . ( 1988 ) a revision of the indo - west pacific fossil and recent species of murex s . s . and haustellum ( mollusca : gastropoda : muricidae ) . records of the australian museum suppl . 8 : 1 - 160 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
like many other genera within the muricidae , the genus has been redefined several times .
ponder & vokes ( 1988 ) and vokes ( 1990 ) included american and indo - pacific species in haustellum , which differs from murex sensu stricto by lacking a labral spine .
there is no record of extinct species in the geological register . the oldest member is the type species haustellum haustellum from the indo - pacific province . it is recorded from the miocene of borneo ( beets , 1941 ) , the pliocene of java , indonesia and the plio - pleistocene of the malaysian archipelago .
houart , r . ; gofas , s . ( 2009 ) . bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . world marine mollusca database . accessed through the world register of marine species at urltoken on 2010 - 08 - 31
schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen pp . [ iv + 288 + 22 pl . ]
beets , c . ( 1941 ) . eine jungmiocäne mollusken fauna von der halbinsel mangkalihat , ost borneo . verhandelingen geologisch - mijnbouwkunig genootshap nederland en kolonien . geologisch serie 13 ( 1 ) : 1 - 218 .
merle , d . , garrigues , b . & pointier , j . - p . ( 2011 ) . fossil and recent muricidae of the world , part muricinae . 648 pp . , 182 colour plates , hackenheim . isbn 978 - 3 - 939767 - 32 - 9 .
petuch , e . j . ( 1994 ) . atlas of florida fossil shells . 394 pp . chicago .
ponder , w . f . & vokes , e . h . ( 1988 ) . a revision of the indo - west pacific fossil and recent species of murex s . s . and haustellum ( mollusca : gastropoda : muricidae ) . records of the australian museum , suppl . 8 : 1 - 160 .
vokes , e . h . ( 1990 ) : cenozoic muricidae of the western atlantic region , part viii - murex s . s . , haustellum , chicoreus , hexaplex ; additions and corrections . tulane studies in geology and paleontology 23 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 96 .
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gastropods are one of the most diverse groups of animals , both in form , habit , and habitat . they are by far the largest group of molluscs , with more than 62 , 000 described living species , and they comprise about 80 % of living molluscs . estimates of total extant species range from 40 , 000 to over 100 , 000 , but there may be as many as 150 , 000 species ! there are about about 13 , 000 named genera for both recent and fossil gastropods . they have a long and rich fossil record from the early cambrian that shows periodic extinctions of subclades , followed by diversification of new groups .
gastropods have figured prominently in paleobiological and biological studies , and have served as study organisms in numerous evolutionary , biomechanical , ecological , physiological , and behavioral investigations .
they are extremely diverse in size , body and shell morphology , and habits and occupy the widest range of ecological niches of all molluscs , being the only group to have invaded the land .
gastropods live in every conceivable habitat on earth . they occupy all marine habitats ranging from the deepest ocean basins to the supralittoral , as well as freshwater habitats , and other inland aquatic habitats including salt lakes . they are also the only terrestrial molluscs , being found in virtually all habitats ranging from high mountains to deserts and rainforest , and from the tropics to high latitudes .
gastropod feeding habits are extremely varied , although most species make use of a radula in some aspect of their feeding behavior . they include grazers , browsers , suspension feeders , scavengers , detritivores , and carnivores . carnivory in some taxa may simply involve grazing on colonial animals , while others engage in hunting their prey . some gastropod carnivores drill holes in their shelled prey , this method of entry having been acquired independently in several groups , as is also the case with carnivory itself . some gastropods feed suctorially and have lost the radula .
most gastropods have separate sexes but some groups ( mainly the heterobranchia ) are hermaphroditic . most hermaphroditic forms do not normally engage in self - fertilization . basal gastropods release their gametes into the water column where they undergo development ; derived gastropods use a penis to copulate or exchange spermatophores and produce eggs surrounded by protective capsules or jelly ( see busycon spiratus photo below ) .
the first gastropod larval stage is typically a trochophore that transforms into a veliger and then settles and undergoes metamorphosis to form a juvenile snail . while many marine species undergo larval development , there are also numerous marine taxa that have direct development , this mode being the norm in freshwater and terrestrial taxa . brooding of developing embryos is widely distributed throughout the gastropods , as are sporadic occurrences of hermaphrodism in the non - heterobranch taxa .
the basal groups have non - feeding larvae while veligers of many neritopsines , caenogastropods , and heterobranchs are planktotrophic . egg size is reflected in the initial size of the juvenile shell or protoconch and this feature has been useful in distinguishing feeding and non - feeding taxa in both recent and fossil taxa .
gastropods are characterized by the possession of a single ( often coiled ) shell , although this is lost in some slug groups , and a body that has undergone torsion so that the pallial cavity faces forwards . they have a well - developed head bearing a pair of cephalic tentacles and eyes that are primitively situated near the outer bases of the tentacles . in some taxa the eyes are located on short to long eye stalks . the mantle edge in some taxa is extended anteriorly to form an inhalant siphon and this is sometimes associated with an elongation of the shell opening ( aperture )  this is shown in the photo of the caenogastropod
the shell is typically coiled , usually dextrally , the axis of coiling being around a central columella to which a large retractor muscle is attached . the uppermost part of the shell is formed from the larval shell ( the protoconch ) . the shell is partly or entirely lost in the juveniles or adults of some groups , with total loss occurring in several groups of land slugs and sea slugs ( nudibranchs ) .
from left , a whelk , busycon spiratus , almost entirely out of its shell  the yellowish disc is the operculum ; another busycon spiratus individual , entirely withdrawn inside its shell , with the operculum sealing off the aperture ; egg capsules being deposited on the sand by busycon spiratus ; a larval harp shell , morum oniscus , begins building its shell ( protoconch ) .
externally , gastropods appear to be bilaterally symmetrical . however , they are one of the most successful clades of asymmetric organisms known . the ancestral state of this group is clearly bilateral symmetry ( e . g . , chitons , cephalopods , bivalves ) , but gastropod molluscs twist their organ systems into figure - eights , differentially develop or lose organs on either side of their midline , and generate shells that coil to the right or left . the best documented source of gastropod asymmetry is the developmental process known as torsion .
there is still controversy about the phylogenetic position of some gastropod clades . though the clades discussed below are well supported in many modern analyses , their relationships to each other remain somewhat unclear .
in particular , the neritopsina are placed below the vetigastropoda in some analyses ( thus they become the sister group of vetigastropoda + caenogastropoda + heterobranchia ) . also , the enigmatic taxon cocculinidae is still uncertain . it may actually be a member of the neritopsina clade , as some characters indicate . most likely it is the sister clade to neritopsina , though .
neritopsina neritopsina contains several families which have marine , freshwater , and terrestrial members . the largest family , neritidae , includes many marine , brackish , and freshwater lineages . this family alone has probably invaded freshwater habitats at least six times ( holthuis 1995 ) . the two terrestrial families , helicinidae and hydrocenidae , can be found as far back as the devonian .
neritopsines come in all shapes and sizes and can have coiled to limpet - shaped shells , with one species ( titiscania ) being a slug . this group was previously included within the
archaeogastropoda .
the shell is never nacreous and an operculum is present in adults . the radula has many teeth in each row .
vetigastropoda the vetigastropoda is a diverse group that includes the keyhole and slit - limpets ( fissurellidae ) , abalones ( haliotiidae ) , slit shells ( pleurotomariidae ) , the top shells ( trochids ) , and about 10 other families .
all are marine , and have coiled to limpet - shaped shells . this group was also previously included within the
archaeogastropoda .
the shell is nacreous in many of these taxa and an operculum is usually present . the radula has many teeth in each row .
assorted vetigastropods : from left , abalone ; puncturella longifissa , a keyhole limpet  note the hole or
keyhole
just above the apex of the shell through which water is expelled ; margarites marginatus , a trochid ; and the radula of the vetigastropod snail sinezona rimuloides , greatly magnified .
caenogastropods were previously comprised of the
mesogastropoda
and
neogastropoda
within the
prosobranchia .
of these two groups only the neogastropoda remains as a monophyletic group . the shell is never nacreous and an operculum is present in adults . apart from members of the neogastropoda , the radula usually has only seven teeth in each row . the radula of neogastropods has five to one tooth in each row and is absent in some species .
heterobranchia heterobranchia is a very large group that has only recently been recognized as a clade within gastropoda . several marine and one freshwater group ( valvatidae ) that were previously included in the
mesogastropoda
and two very large groups previously given subclass status , the opisthobranchia and pulmonata ( collectively the euthyneura ) , were found to be related lineages in a recent phylogenetic analysis . the more basal members comprise about a dozen families that are mostly small - sized , poorly - known operculate groups .
the opisthobranchs comprise about 25 families and 2000 species of the bubble shells ( many families ) and the sea slugs ( many families ) as well as the sea hares ( aplysiidae ) . virtually all opisthobranchs are marine with the majority showing shell reduction or shell loss and only some of the
primitive
shell - bearing taxa having an operculum as adults .
assorted heterobranchs : clockwise from top left , the bubble shell hydatina physis from the canary islands ; the clown nudibranch , triopha catalinae , from off the santa barbara coast ; the ragged sea hare , bursatella leachii , from off the florida coast ; the siphonariid physella heterostropha from northeastern florida ; euglandina rosea , a carnivorous terrestrial spiraxid pulmonate from florida ; the florida leatherleaf , leidyula floridana , a veronicellid from florida , about 8 cm long ; and the pond snail lymnaea stagnalis .
the file limpet , lottia limulata ( left ) , and a group of colisella ( lottia ? ) sp . limpets , from the intertidal off california .
a visit to almost any rocky intertidal habitat in the world will reveal these wonderful , cap - shaped gastropods , the true limpets . tenaciously clinging to the rocks with their hard shells to protect them , they have many different behaviors in their environments associated with their feeding strategies . but the true limpets are not restricted to the intertidal , they can be found beneath the waves , in the deep sea associated with hydrothermal vent habitats , and there are even some species which live exclusively on drift - wood that has sunk to the bottom of the ocean .
all are marine and limpet - shaped and many live in the intertidal zone . this group was previously included within the
archaeogastropoda .
the shell is nacreous in some taxa and the operculum is absent in adults . their radula has several teeth in each row , some of which are strengthened by the incorporation of metallic ions such as iron .
cocculinidae cocculinids are a group of simple white limpets that occur on waterlogged wood and other organic substrates in the deep sea .
the relationships of cocculinidae are unclear . several recent phylogenetic analyses place them as closely related to the neritopsina , or as the sister group to the clade that includes caenogastropoda and neritopsina . some authors believe , however , that they are members of the neritopsina . further systematic research is needed to clarify the relationships of this enigmatic group .
holthuis , b . v . 1995 . evolution between marine and freshwater habitats : a case study of the gastropod suborder neritopsina . ph . d . thesis , university of washington .
original text by paul bunje , ucmp . partula taeniata by carole hickman , ucmp ; abalone and colisella ( lottia ? ) sp . by sherry ballard , © 1999 california academy of sciences ; sinezona rimuloides radula © 2004 dr . daniel l . geiger ; ; triopha catalinae © 2002 larry jon friesen ; lottia limulata by e . eugenia patten , © california academy of sciences . all other photos courtesy of urltoken , with pteropurpura trialata by roger clark , nerita fulgurans by marlo krisberg , and bursatella leachii by joel wooster .


platynota flavedana , the black-shaded platynota moth , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in the united states from minnesota to maine , south to north carolina and west to arizona .

the length of the forewings is 5-6.5 mm for males and 6-8.5 mm for females .

adults are sexually dimorphic .

the forewings of the males are dark purplish brown basally and yellowish to orangish brown apically .

females have brown to orangish brown forewings with dark brown to purplish-brown markings .

the hindwings of both sexes are brown to orangish brown .

adults are on wing from may to june and again from july to september .

there are usually two generations per year , but a partial third generation may occur in the southern part of the range .

the larvae feed on various plants and have been recorded on acer , eupatorium , helianthus , dianthus caryophyllus , helianthemum , hypericum perforatum , rhododendron , trifolium , sassafras , gossypium hirsutum , gossypium thurberi , fragaria , prunus persica , rosa and citrus species .

they feed from within a shelter constructed of tied or folded leaves .

feeding may cause damage to blossoms or fruit .

full-grown larvae reach a length of 13 – 21 mm .

they have a green to pale green body and brownish-yellow head .

the species overwinters as a mid-instar larva .

pupation takes place in webbed leaves .

platynota flavedana

species platynota flavedana - black - shaded platynota moth - hodges # 3732 - bugguide . net
platynota flavedana is widely distributed in the eastern united states . records from the western u . s . are questionable .
wilde , g . & m . semel 1966 . the life history of platynota flavedana , a leaf roller of strawberry . journal of economic entomology 59 : 1037 - 1041
platynota flavedana completes two annual generations over much of its range ; a partial third generation may be present in the south . adults are present may - june and july - september .
wilde , g . and m . semel . 1966 . the life history of platynota flavedana , a leaf roller of strawberry . journal of economic entomology . 59 : 1037 - 1041 .
larvae of p . flavedana have been reported as pests of strawberry , peach , and rose . other important hosts include cotton and citrus .
david , p . j . , r . l . horsburgh & g . i . holtzman 1989 . development of platynota flavedana and p . idaeusalis ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) at constant temperatures in the laboratory . environ . entomol . 18 : 15 - 18
platynota flavedana is sexually dimorphic . the male forewing is dark purplish brown basally and yellowish to orangish brown apically . the female forewing is brown to orangish brown with dark - brown to purplish - brown markings . hindwings of both sexes are brown to orangish brown ; males tend to exhibit more orange than females . males have a long forewing costal fold that extends to mid - costa .
adults may appear similar to other species of platynota , but can be separated from most other species by their orangish appearance .
a female black - shaded platynota moth in howard co . , maryland ( 2003 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
black - shaded platynota moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 19 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth on assateague island , maryland ( 5 / 24 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
black - shaded platynota moth in calvert co . , maryland ( 7 / 17 / 2006 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )
black - shaded platynota moth in howard co . , maryland ( 7 / 29 / 2014 ) . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 5 / 31 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 7 / 30 / 2014 ) . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in wicomico co . , maryland ( 7 / 12 / 2014 ) . photo by mike burchett . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in howard co . , maryland ( 7 / 23 / 2016 ) . photo by kurt schwarz . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in dorchester co . , maryland ( 5 / 16 / 2015 ) . photo by jonathan willey . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 10 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 8 / 20 / 2014 ) . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 29 / 2013 ) . photo by mike burchett . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in washington co . , maryland ( 7 / 18 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
adults may appear similar to other species of platynota , but can be separated from most other species by their orangish appearance . a genitalic dissection can be used to confirm identity .
a female black - shaded platynota moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 5 / 26 / 2004 ) . photo by bob patterson . ( mbp list )
a male black - shaded platynota moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 8 / 26 / 2010 ) . photo by bob patterson . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in dorchester co . , maryland ( 6 / 2 / 2016 ) . determined by roger downer / bamona . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 8 / 2016 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in harford co . , maryland ( 7 / 18 / 2014 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by dave webb . ( mbp list )
a black - shaded platynota moth in baltimore city , maryland ( 5 / 23 / 2008 ) . determined by jason j . dombroskie / bugguide . photo by thomas wilson . ( mbp list )
a male black - shaded platynota moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 7 / 19 / 2004 ) . specimen provided by bob patterson . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a male black - shaded platynota moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 7 / 19 / 2004 ) . specimen supplied by bob patterson . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
larvae appear similar to those of sparganothis sulfureana , and the two species are often found in similar habitats in the eastern united states . mackay ( 1962 ) stated that larvae of platynota could be separated from similar species of sparganothis by the small dorsal pinacula on a1 - 8 , which are slightly elongate and cream colored in living individuals .
late instar larvae are approximately 13 - 21 mm in length with a green to pale green abdomen . the head and prothoracic shield are brownish yellow . an anal comb is present with 5 - 8 teeth .
females lay eggs in masses that contain approximately 50 individual eggs on the upper surface of leaves . larvae feed within a shelter constructed of tied or folded leaves . larvae may cause economic damage by feeding on blossoms or fruit , and will often web leaves together with blossoms and immature fruit . mid - instar larvae of the last generation overwinter and resume feeding the following spring . pupation occurs in webbed leaves .
citrus x sinensis ( l . ) osbeck ( pro sp . ) [ maxima x reticulata ]
chapman , p . j . and s . e . lienk . 1971 . tortricid fauna of apple in new york ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) ; including an account of apple ' s occurrence in the state , especially as a naturalized plant . spec . publ . geneva , ny : new york state agricultural experiment station . 122 pp .
mackay , m . r . 1962 . larvae of the north american tortricinae ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . the canadian entomologist supplement 28 : 1 - 182 .
sandberg , s . and s . passoa . 1989 . new host records and morphological notes on four tortricines ( tortricidae ) . journal of research on the lepidoptera . 27 : 104 - 108 .
tortricids of agricultural importance by todd m . gilligan and marc e . epstein interactive keys developed in lucid 3 . 5 . last updated august 2014 .
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powell , j . a . & j . w . brown , 2012 . the moths of north america , fascicle 8 . 1 : p . 130 ; pl . e . 45 - 50 . order
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
adult - sexually dimorphic ; males dark brown with a golden band on the apical quarter of the wings . females have several brown or reddish - brown bands ( hull et al . , 1995 ) .
larva - early instars are yellowish with a black head . older larvae are green with a light brown or amber head ( hull et al . , 1995 ) .
minnesota east to maine , south to north carolina , and west to arizona . more common in the southern part of its range at lower elevations ( hull et al . , 1995 ) .
generalist feeder of strawberry , apple , azalea , blackberry , clover , cotton , helianthus sp . , maple , peach , raspberry , rose , sassafras , narrowleaf plantain , smartweed , dandelion , dock and others ( hull et al . , 1995 ) .
seven known parasites , goniozus platynotae ( hymenoptera ) the most common ( wilde et al . , 1966 ) .
clemens , b . , 1860 . contributions to american lepidopterology - no . 6 .
hull , l . a . , d . g . pfeiffer , d . j . biddinger 1995 . mid - atlantic orchard monitoring guide . nraes - 75 : 1 - 361
powell , j . a . & j . w . brown , 2012 . the moths of north america , fascicle 8 . 1 : p . 130 ; pl . e . 45 - 50
contributions to american lepidopterology - no . 6 . brackenridge clemens . 1860 . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 12 : 345 - 362 .
lbam id - tools for diagnosing light brown apple moth and related western u . s . leafrollers - epiphyas postvittana ( walker ) .
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for pests currently absent from the uk , risk of introduction is assessed . for pests already present in the uk risk of spread to maximum extent is assessed . some other scenarios exist .
the specific pathway ( s ) that were considered when rating entry of a pest to the uk . these were the pathways considered to present the highest risk of entry .
this section is currently being developed as part of the next phase of the risk register .
what risks would be without any co - ordinated action . ratings do take into account how normal grower practises ( such as pesticide treatments ) would affect risks .
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pest is introduced
the lowest value of entry or establishment , as both are required for a successful introduction . for
pest spreads to maximum extent
this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence .
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the value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the uk .
the likelihood multiplied by the impact , which shows the risk to the sector .
risks rated to take into account the effects of co - ordinated actions that are in place such as eu regulation or industry accreditation schemes .
the hosts or industries in the uk that were considered when rating the pest as being at risk .
polyphagous pest which could be potentially damaging to a range of crops if introduced to the uk . no imminent threat has been identified but the situation will be kept under review . the industry may wish to be aware .
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* lam wh , rota j , brown jw ( 2011 ) a preliminary list of the leaf - roller moths ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) of virginia . banisteria 37 , 3 - 37 . * review of agricultural entomology , 89 ( 7 ) , p 60 ( 6303 ) .
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anacampsis sacramenta is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by keifer in 1933 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .

anacampsis sacramenta

anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362
anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65
gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181
anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran
anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para
anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover
anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos
anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem
anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania
anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40
anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos
anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban
anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora
anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada
anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas
anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé
anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy
anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca
anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington
anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas
anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico
anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama
anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana
anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )
anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city
anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,
e . e . a . de cuba
anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]
anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai
larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine
crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761
= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30
lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581
tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas
agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey
compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )
larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4
compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15
maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada
agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106
agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega
= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )
larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .
agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737
larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121
gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?
larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens
gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky
cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv
gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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it was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family paridae .

the genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013 .

the genus name , parus , is the latin for " tit " .

the genus now contains the following species : great tit , parus major japanese tit , parus minor ( split from p. major ) cinereous tit , parus cinereus ( split from p. major ) green-backed tit , parus monticolus

parus

github - alexeydemedetskiy / parus : parus is simple chain style auto - layout helper for objective - c .
this article is about a bird . for the ukrainian skyscraper , see parus business centre . for the satellites , see parus ( satellite ) .
kento furui added the japanese common name
シジュウカラ属
to
parus
.
kento furui added the japanese common name
シジュウカラ
to
parus major linnaeus 1758
.
jennifer hammock split the classifications by urltoken import from parus major linnaeus 1758 to their own page .
parus hotel accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival .
cozy place with good service ! i had a good experience at parus . will definitely go back
the genus name of the mountain chickadee has recently been changed from parus to poecile . ( harrison , 1983 )
parus is a genus of old world birds in the tit family . as defined here , it contains the following species :
what made you want to look up parus ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
located in central ekaterinburg , parus hotel offers modern accommodations . it also features an airport shuttle and a 24 - hour reception desk for guests’ convenience .
maggie whitson marked
file : great tit in the rain ( 5132562181 ) . jpg
as trusted on the
parus major linnaeus 1758
page .
the rooms of the hotel parus are simply furnished and include private bathrooms with hairdryer . they are equipped with tv , a mini - bar and a work desk .
the parus design consists of the heart piece of the icaro edelweiß - logo . this design is very prominent in the sky and you will leave a lasting impression .
to cite this page : thome , k . 2001 .
parus gambeli
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
parus is our tandem glider with shark nose technology . it inspires in two sizes by having an extremely easy starting and landing behaviour , its extremely good handling and remarkable gliding properties .
due to its pleasant start and landing behaviour and the extremely good handling properties the parus is the right glider for every tandem pilot . no matter if you need reliable gear for your commercial activities or if you want to fly with your private friends . since the parus translates your steering impulses precisely and directly it is perfect also for free styling in the small size .
if you want to perform free style figures with a tandem , parus 35 . 5 m² is exactly what you need : a small area with specially adapted trim and very agile handling .
arild husby of the university of edinburgh , uk , and his team looked at data gathered from a wild population of great tits ( parus major ) in the netherlands that has been monitored since 1955 .
parus is a compact and stable glider with high passive safety . based on its modern construction which includes a shark nose leading edge and clearly arranged risers , the start is even in difficult conditions easy and reliable .
the parus is a leisure machine where takeoff , landing , turn and speed are covered in an amazing package . a light canopy , with a shark nose delivers an amazing inflation and takeoff . super pop at the end of the brake range expands the margin for a soft landing and makes it a lot easier to handle . superb agility for playing makes wingovers and games a walk in the park . good pressure and glide with trimmers off makes the glider go fast with a very comfortable behaviour . parus has me ( or you ? ) covered !
i had a fabulous manicure here today , and will absolutely return ! i ' m new to the neighborhood , and am thrilled to have found parus just a few blocks away . the staff was incredibly kind and polite , and very accommodating - - they were very understanding that i was in a bit of a hurry , and helped me to get out of there without smudging my big apple red nails . : ) highly recommend !
i was due for a pedicure + shellac mani , and wanted to try a new salon . i read the reviews and figured i should try it out . i called for an appointment and was all set to try parus . the day arrived and i got there maybe 5m before my time and was greeted by parus and her staff . i was offered tea or water . i looked for my colors and then waited for maybe 10m until they were ready for me . the consensus is pretty much the same . . . quaint place and pleasant staff . they do great work as both my mani and pedi came out amazing and still going strong . it ' s a bit out of my way as far as location is concerned and i do prefer to have 1 manicurist do the work so i can ' t tip her accordingly instead of tipping 2 . plus it ' s either cash or check . not sure i ' d take the trek again , but if you ' re in the area , then i ' d recommend .
thanks to the easy to handle trimmers parus can be accelerated continuously as required . the shark nose profile enables you to achieve high speeds when flying at the bottom weight range with open trimmers . at the same time it remains stable even when accelerated and has a very good glide performance also in turbulent air . steering impulses are being transferred directly and precisely and therefore an immediate change of course is possible at any time . the variable big - ear help lets you decide the size of the ears whereby you can descend as required .
parus is the most special
home away from home
nails salon . paru has been doing my nails for at least 10 years . wold never let anyone else touch my nails . perfection every time . she has created a very special salon - truly warm and cozy . paru and her staff not only care about your mani / pedi but care if you are thirsty , hot or cold etc . pedicures are like no other - - spa like every time . go try this special place - - promise you will not be disappointed . ( and if you fancy nail art - - - then definitely your place to go )
still have lots of love for parus ! their basic mani / pedi is better than the spa mani / pedi anywhere else . they do a beautiful job shaping your nails and make great color suggestions . most salons get angry when you ask them to test a color on your nail - paru ' s staff insists on testing every color - just in case . she also uses super high quality polishes and tries to steer her customers to use the higher end better quality polishes vs essie - for no additional cost . the hand and foot massage is super long - comparable to the massage you get when you pay extra money . the salon is super clean and zen . paru is a doll ! she knows every customer - even if you don ' t come in that often . she remembers all sorts of details from your previous conversations with her . she also encourages all her guests ( because that is how she makes you feel ) to participate in the conversation . she also offers you tea and water when you come in . for all this , you would you would pay serious money for the services . nope , prices are extremely reasonable for the level of service you get . now the salon is open until 9 pm - you know i will be coming more often !
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
are related to waxwings ( bombycillidae ) , not to honeyeaters ( meliphagidae ) ( fleischer et al . 2008 )
yellow - flanked whistler ( hylocitrea ) is related to the waxwings , not whistlers ( spellman et al . 2008 )
from muscicapidae ( barker et al . 2002 , 2004 ; beresford et al . 2005 ; fuchs et al . 2006 )
resequenced : yellow - bellied fantail is a close relative of the fairy flycatcher ( stenostiridae ) ( nyari et al . 2009 , fuchs et al . 2009 )
( dickinson 2003 , sinclair & ryan 2003 , coates et al . 2006 )
revised classification follows johansson et al . 2013 ; see also tietze & borthakur 2012
c and s thailand , malay pen . , sumatra and hainan i . ( off se china )
( eck & martens 2006 , martens et al . 2006 , collar 2007 )
continental europe and asia minor through siberia to kamchatka , sakhalin is . , korea , ne china and ne mongolia
se azerbaijan , n iran , sw turkmenistan . ? winter visitor to sw iran
( salzburger et al . 2002 , eck & martens 2006 , collar 2007 )
( salzburger et al . 2002 ) . subspecies sequence follows stervander et al , 2015 . 5 - 7 of the current subspecies may deserve full species status . retain
as a single polytypic species pending further comprehensive analyses of all populations ( sangster 2006 , stervander et al . 2015 , illera et al . 2016 ) .
e siberia , s sakhalin i . ec and ne china , korea and japan
( päckert et al . 2005 , eck & martens 2006 , collar 2007 ) .
( madge 2008 ) , but see barani - beiranvand et al . ( 2017 ) , who propose to lump .
sw kazakhstan , uzbekistan , n and se turkmenistan , tajikistan , and ne afghanistan .
this entry lacks etymological information . if you are familiar with the origin of this term , please add it to the page per etymology instructions . you can also discuss it at the etymology scriptorium .
this page was last edited on 30 january 2018 , at 14 : 07 .
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one of the best - known birds in our gardens and feeding tables is the great tit . although it is an insect - eater , it switches to seeds in the winter . therefore , great tits don ' t have to fly south in the winter . they are acrobats at the feeding table , easily hanging on the peanut netting or balancing on a suet ball . in the spring , great tits choose all kinds of holes and hollows in the woods and woodlands for making their nest . even during nesting season they like to be spoiled by humans . . . they gladly choose our bird houses to nest .
maggie whitson marked
file : great tit in the rain ( 5132562181 ) . jpg
as trusted on the
taxus baccata l . ( 1753 )
page .
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little bit far away from city centre , comfortable and friendly staff . communication in english can be a mess
nearby attractions include the church of ascension and the rastorguyev - kharitonov palace , the biggest palatial residence in the urals .
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“little bit far away from city centre , comfortable and friendly staff . communication in english can be a mess”
cityside has well - equipped accommodations featuring free wifi in ekaterinburg , 4 miles from uralochka sports centre and 4 miles from ekaterinburg arena .
located in ekaterinburg , one mile from dormitory of sverdlovsk state academic philharmonic , inter hotel provides a shared lounge . all rooms have a tv with cable channels and a private bathroom .
located in yekaterinburg , a 12 - minute walk from geologicheskaya metro station , dream 24 apartments offer free wifi and flat - screen tv with cable channels the apartments feature air conditioning , a . . .
this 4 - star hotel is located in ekaterinburg city center . business hotel senator offers modern rooms with free wi - fi internet , a 24 - hour reception and free on - site parking .
눇 little bit far away from city centre , comfortable and friendly staff . communication in english can be a mess
눉 advertised washing service . requested and they picked it up , no update . walked down 4 hours later and was told the machine was broken the whole time . tiny shower .
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you can choose between various colourways . please note that the specially created colourways are also available for professional tandem pilots that wish to add advertising on the bottom sail which is therefore left single - coloured .
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this place is the best gel manicure in the city . do i get my nails done all the time ? no . have i been disappointed at every place in nyc i ' ve ever been to ? yes . except this one . my biggest pet peeve is when they done paint the full sides of my nails or all the way to the cuticle because it ' s awful when they grow and it looks terrible . this place covered my whole nail perfectly . everyone in the shop is kind and the vibe is great .
first of all i would like to thank khushboo for doing such an amazing job on my nails . she was so sweet and attentive . she offered me some tea as soon as i sat down ( which was so great because it happened to be very cold in ny today ) . she also answered all the questions i had and gave me some good recommendations ! this was my second time visiting this salon after a year and after coming today i regret not making this my go - to nail salon . i had a great experience here . the ambience and decor is really nice - very calming / soothing to get your nails done here . as i mentioned earlier they also offer tea / water . here are the prices for some of the services ( as of 10 / 26 / 17 ) : regular manicure : $ 17 gel manicure : $ 44 spa manicure : $ 35 regular pedicure : $ 31 gel pedicure : $ 60 the prices have increased since the last time i ' ve been here . either way , i ' ll be back because the service is excellent and everyone is so friendly and attentive to detail and is there to make sure you have the best experience possible .
what a gem ! ! ! they accommodated me on a friday afternoon ! the place is small but so comfy & relaxing ! the 3 ladies were so friendly and very good at what they do ! the citrus tea , essential oils & massage were amazing ! hands down the best pedi & mani i have ever gotten . can ' t wait to return ! this will now be my nail / spa place ! ! !
this place is good but expensive ! they do such a good job at cleaning up cuticles and painting nails .
probably the best nail salon on the ues . that ' s it ! i called it . that is if you care about your entire nail being polished , not your finger . your cuticles properly cut . and the ambiance as pleasant as the owner and her kick ass hand massage . price wise , comparable to the rest of the salons up here - the difference , i love my manicure .
this is a small boutique place . it ' s tiny and yet it ' s cozy . the ambiance is very relaxing . the jasmine smell of the place is soothing and the attention and service is excellent . they also serve delicious hot tea . this will be my new go to nail place .
small but super cute place with a spa - like vibe . everybody who works here is incredibly friendly and good at what they do . their attention to detail and genuine care for your comfort definitely sets them apart . i got a pedicure and the best gel manicure that i ' ve ever had . left feeling completely rejuvenated and will definitely be back ! this is also the best place for nail art , i got exactly what i wanted !
listen - every time i go in there to get my nails done i fall asleep because the ambiance is just so relaxing . the price is affordable , the service is excellent , and the work is top notch . can ' t beat it .
don ' t be fooled by the small place , paru ' s does excellent quality mani pedi and waxing . the owner , paru , has almost 14 years of experience in the business . she is a perfectionist who will get your nails exactly right and accommodate your every request . she is also very particular about sterilization which is my biggest reason for going there . she is also amazing for waxing . you can trust her completely with all three services !
i decided to come here to get my nails done for my birthday because it was close to work . the reviews helped me in deciding to come here . the place is small but very cozy . i love the peaceful ambience and the decor . both ladies were very nice and the attention to detail is amazing . i am very happy with my birthday nails and my experience here . i will be coming back to do my nails again .
what a wonderful place - a bit pricier than some salons for a manipedi but worth it for the care and attention they bring . they offer green tea or other options for sipping , and they really care about doing things well . and they are also friendly and kind . i tried this place for the first time tonight , when my regular person elsewhere in the neighborhood was unavailable , and i was very impressed . i will definitely return ; i expect this will be my new regular place .
walking in , i was skeptical as it was a very small place with only a couple chairs . they were all so nice , friendly , and accommodating . the customer service was really wonderful ! i ' ve never been to a nail salon where they actually take their time and pay that much attention to your nails . the women there clearly know what they are doing ! although it ` was a little more expensive than most other places i ' ve been , they did a really exceptional job and the customer service was excellent . highly recommend .
such a great experience ! highly recommend this place . mani and pedi done with such meticulousness . paru helped with picking the right colors and design and even added rhinestones for a special touch . will definitely be coming back !
this was my first trip and i am impressed ! ! ! ! ! ! i ' m a nurse so i ' m weird about germs and this place is super clean . she didn ' t rush even though they were very busy and she did a perfect job . seriously . they look amazing . a little pricey but you get what you pay for . it ' s also a quiet calming environment and the nail techs are so nice and polite . a + + + + +
“there was no wait , and the ladies were super accommodating , offering us beverages ( they had a delicious roasted green tea ) and a choice of essential oils for our foot baths . ” in 4 reviews
“for both my shellac ombré mani and regular pedi it all came out to $ 77 and well worth it . ” in 2 reviews
“their extra touches of hot tea or coffee , extraordinary hand & feet massages and mixing / matching polishes for the perfect color are icing on the cake . ” in 3 reviews
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wow ! this salon is right down the block from me and i have walked by it a number of times ( usually on the way to a discount nail salon on york ) and after reading the reviews on yelp , i made my appointment . this was the best mani / pedi that i have ever gotten in nyc . the foot and hand massage were super long - at least as long as when you pay the extra $ 10 - $ 15 for a massage during your pedicure at the local chain or nail factory . and it was a quality massage ! not done by some bored and annoyed person who has no clue what they are doing and are watching the minutes tick down on some super large digital clock , but by someone who really knows how to give a massage . their color selection is fantastic . in addition to the full lines of opi and essie , they also have butter london , nars and chanel . paru pays a tremendous attention to detail and makes great color suggestions . she tries all the polishes on before you are committed - to make sure you are happy with your choice . it was a very quiet zen experience and i will definitely be coming back !
our luxury pedicure , manicure and waxing are the perfect way to relax . we use indulgent herbal products enriched with essential oils to exfoliate , massage , moisturize and totally …
our luxury pedicure , manicure and waxing are the perfect way to relax . we use indulgent herbal products enriched with essential oils to exfoliate , massage , moisturize and totally beautify and revitalize your foot and hands . our deep and nourshing hand and foot spa treatments will leave your hand and feet feeling supple and silky to the touch . our advanced paraffin wax treatment is a real luxury - your hand and feet are dipprd in warm paraffin wax , whish is then peeled off to reveal newly rejuvenated , supple hands and foot . for waxing - the signature technique is all part of our effort to make waxing a treat rather than a chore . the unique creamy formulation has been developed so that it adheres only to hair and not skin , resulting in an almost pain - free wax .
paru kc started her journey in the world of beauty at 18 . born in nepal . paru moved to new york city eight years ago and has become one of new york ' s most sought after spa specialists , working for celebrity and local clientele . her services include manicure , pedicure , waxing and threading . her intimate 200 square foot salon is perfect for those who want a private , relaxed experience . her products range from organic polish to . . . . waxing and . . . threading . manicures last a full hour unless her clients request a
jet set mani
. paru quickly matches polish to outfits and provides excellent consultations in a new york minute . her technique and professional knowledge is what makes her service exceptional . upon request , the salon can be reserved for ' cocktails and conversation ' .
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a complete tarsometatarsus of a passerine bird from the early miocene ( mn3 ) of petersbuch ( bavaria , germany ) is identified as an extinct representative of the climbing certhioidea , i . e . , a clade comprising treecreepers ( certhiidae ) , nuthatches and wallcreepers ( sittidae ) . the fossil specimen represents the so far earliest evidence of a representative of the certhioidea and is described as †certhiops rummeli gen . et sp . nov . similarities to other climbing passerines are discussed .
. . . the fossil record of birds is still too incomplete to draw evolutionary conclusions for particular avian taxa . we know a lot about the early and middle miocene terrestrial bird faunas of western and central europe ( see mlíkovskymlíkovsky´mlíkovsky´2002 ) , but growing independent evidence from various groups of birds ( manegold et al . 2004 ; manegold 2008 ; de pietri et al . 2011 ; de pietri and mayr 2012 ) indicates that the avian communities of this time were comprised mostly of extinct lineages , and recent genera were rare ( see , for example , the list of bird taxa from the famous early miocene saint - gérandle - puy locality in mourer - chauviré et al . 2013 ) . a turnover that led to the origin of the modern taxonomic diversity of birds in europe probably occurred during the late miocene , but avian remains of this age are extremely rare in western and central europe . . . .
. . . in o . temminckii ( fig . 1f ) and o . spaldingii , an ossified tendinal bridge connects the crista plantaris lateralis to the hypotarsus and encloses a large foramen ( ' peroneal foramen ' in orenstein [ 1977 ] ) . this ossified tendinal bridge is present in only a few passerine groups , e . g . , pomatostomidae , climacteridae ( see manegold 2008 , worthy et al . 2010 ) . the tub . m . fibularis brevis , which in orthonyx is enlarged and proximally protuberant , is also broken off in the fossils . . . .
new specimens of the logrunner orthonyx kaldowinyeri ( passeriformes : orthonychidae ) from the oligo - miocene of australia . alcheringa
. . . they were identified as a logrunner ( orthonychidae ) ( jmtn , unpublished observations ) ( clade c infigure 1 ) , a crown - group cracticid ( cracticidae ) [ 51 ] ( clade d infigure 1 ) , and an oriolid ( oriolidae ) [ 52 ] ( clade e infigure 1 ) . another fossil useful for calibration is a tarsometatarsus from the early miocene ( mn 3 , 20 . 5–18 mya ) of germany , assigned to the
climbing certhioidea
, a clade comprising treecreepers ( certhiidae ) , nuthatches and wallcreepers ( sittidae ) [ 53 ] ( clade f infigure 1 ) . in addition to these fossils , we used a calibration based on a fossil honeyeater ( meliphagidae ) from the middle miocene of australia ( 10 . 4–16 . 3 . . .
. . . these fossils include representatives thought to be outside crown group eupasseres [ 90 , 91 ] , a suboscine - like passerine [ 92 ] , and nearly complete skeletons of passerines of unknown affinities939495 . the earliest fossil passerines that can be confidently assigned to an extant family are from the early miocene , including a new zealand wren [ 12 ] and the fossils used to calibrate the nodes in our analyses5152 53 . it is probable that much of the early diversification took place in the southern continents from where comparatively few fossil sites from that time period are known . . . .
. . . of these five apomorphies , the first is the most significant . additional support for its referral to the passeriformes is provided by the prominent crista plantaris lateralis of the tarsometatarsus ( boles , 2005 ; manegold , 2008b ) . the carpometacarpus has a well - developed proc . . . .
. . . further , certhiops is similar to climacteris and cormobates in that the canal for fpp3 is merged with those for fp2 and fpp2 , and to sitta and certhia in that these canals are located distinctly dorsad of that for fp3 - fp4 . these diverse and distantly related taxa ( certhiidae , climacteridae , and some dendrocolaptidae ) appear to be convergent in their hypotarsal structure , which is correlated with treecreeping - or rockcreeping - type activity ( manegold , 2008b ) . thus , the highly terrestrial habits of dasyornis and atrichornis may confer structural homoplasy in the unenclosed nature of the superficial flexor tendons with the above - mentioned rock - dwelling or treecreeping taxa . . . .
. . . the reduced size of the canal for fpp3 and its displacement dorsad of fp3 - fp4 also appear to be correlated with a small , enclosed foramen passing through the crista plantaris lateralis for the passage of the tendon for m . fibularis longus ( raikow , 1993 ) . in cormobates , a single foramen and in climacteris , two foramina are assumed to convey branches of the tendon for m . fibularis longus through the crista plantaris lateralis to the fp3 tendon , as was described for some suboscines in dendrocolaptidae , for example the amazonian barred - woodcreeper dendrocolaptes certhia and olivaceous woodcreeper sittasomus griseicapillus ( raikow , 1993 ; manegold , 2008b ) . however , we found a larger foramen , more typically a notch , which appears to convey the same two structures through / over the crista plantaris lateralis , is an apomorphy of meliphagoidea . . . .
. . . we assigned the best fitting model , as estimated by mrmodeltest2 , to each of the fourteen partitions . the current fossil record of passerine birds is still poorly understood and the phylogenetic relationship of many passerine fossils need to be determined more precisely ( manegold et al . , 2004 ; mayr and manegold , 2004 ; manegold , 2008 ) . a new fossil , assigned to the certhioidea ( treecreepers , gnatcatchers and nuthatches ) has recently been described , but its exact relationships within the certhioidea are unclear ( manegold , 2008 ) . . . .
. . . the current fossil record of passerine birds is still poorly understood and the phylogenetic relationship of many passerine fossils need to be determined more precisely ( manegold et al . , 2004 ; mayr and manegold , 2004 ; manegold , 2008 ) . a new fossil , assigned to the certhioidea ( treecreepers , gnatcatchers and nuthatches ) has recently been described , but its exact relationships within the certhioidea are unclear ( manegold , 2008 ) . given the lack of consensus concerning the relationships of many passerine fossil forms and the methodological pitfalls associated with the use of secondary calibration points ( graur and martin , 2004 ) , we only performed our dating analyses in a relative time framework . . . .
. . . fossil broadbills ( eurylaimidae , suboscines ) are known from the early miocene of bavaria , germany ( ballmann 1969 ) . certhiops rummeli , the earliest fossil representative of a clade comprising extant nuthatches and treecreepers ( certhioidea , oscines ) showing adaptations for climbing was discovered in a contemporaneous and close by fossil locality ( manegold 2008b ) . . . .
molecular phylogenetics , biogeography and systematics of dreissena in the balkans . - freshwater biol . , 52 : 1525 - 1536 . anders , u . , engels , s . , hansen , j . ( 2007 ) : nahrungspräferenzen und entwicklungstendenzen im gebiss omnivorer carnivora . - hallesches jahrb . geowiss . , beih . , 23 : 121 - 124
passerine diversity in the late oligocene of germany : earliest evidence for the sympatric coexistenc . . .
a passerine avifauna from the late oligocene ( c . 26–25 mya ) of germany was characterized by a high diversity of conspicuously small birds ranging in size from the smallest known oscines to moderately small forms . the avifauna comprised both oscines and suboscines . other passerine fragments showed such an unexpected mosaic of characters that it was impossible to assign them with certainty to . . . [ show full abstract ]
manegold , a . , g . mayr , and c . mourer - chauviré . miocene songbirds and the composition of the european . . .
las aves canoras ( passeriformes ) aparecen en el registro fósil del hemisferio norte alrededor del oligoceno temprano . recientemente se ha sugerido que los linajes principales de passeriformes se separaron en gondwana durante el cretácico medio a tardío y que los oscines , que incluyen todas las aves canoras vivientes europeas , se originaron en la plataforma continental de australia . se supone . . . [ show full abstract ]
we describe new specimens of the oldest european passeriform bird from the early oligocene of germany . this bird has hitherto been known only from a poorly preserved skeleton and we report here a second slab of the same specimen and an additional fragmentary skull . the new specimens allow the description of a new species , wieslochia weissi gen . et . sp . nov . , which lacks apomorphies of crown . . . [ show full abstract ]
this genus and related genera are controversial . the species , from white - shouldered tit to grey tit , are sometimes separated as the genus melaniparus , and the yellow tit and the black - lored tit are sometimes separated as macholophus . on the other hand , many authorities expand this genus to include cyanistes , lophophanes , periparus , and poecile .
kessler , e . 2013 . neogene songbirds ( aves , passeriformes ) from hungary . – hantkeniana , budapest , 2013 , 8 : 37 - 149 .
del hoyo , j . ; elliot , a . & christie d . ( editors ) . ( 2007 ) . handbook of the birds of the world . volume 12 : picathartes to tits and chickadees . lynx edicions . isbn 978 - 84 - 96553 - 42 - 2
gill , frank b . ; slikas , beth & sheldon , frederick h . ( 2005 ) : phylogeny of titmice ( paridae ) : ii . species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome - b gene . auk 122 : 121 - 143 . doi : 10 . 1642 / 0004 - 8038 ( 2005 ) 122 [ 0121 : potpis ] 2 . 0 . co ; 2 html abstract
classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by maggie whitson - see more .
k dinatale set
image of poecile atricapillus
as an exemplar on
poecile atricapillus ( linnaeus , 1766 )
.
: thanks for spotting this problem . downvotes should help sink it . not sure how onezoom chooses its examples .
this is a terrible picture to use as an example of a tufted ti . . .
tracy barbaro marked
poecile rufescens
as hidden on the
poecile rufescens
page . reasons to hide : low quality
the mountain chickadee is found in the mountains of southwest canada and the western united states . they are most abundant in oregon and northern california . ( evans , 1994 ; paul , 2000 )
is found in mountain coniferous and mixed woodlands . during nesting season they live at elevations of three kilometers or more . in the fall and winter they migrate to lower elevations . ( terres , 1980 )
the mountain chickadee has a short , round body , and on average is only 13 centimeters in length . it can be recognized by its black crown and throat , white cheeks , and distinctive white eyebrow . this white eyebrow , along with its pale gray sides , distinguish this species from other chickadees . the mountain chickadee also has grayish - white underparts and gray flanks . males and females look alike . rocky mountain forms have buff on the back , sides and flanks , and have broader white eyebrows .
the mountain chickadee is well adapted for a cold environment . the soft down next to their skin provides insulation , and their outer contour feathers are tight and waterproof . ( scott , 1987 ; harrison , 1983 ; cassidy , 1990 )
the breeding activity of the mountain chickadee occurs in the spring , from april to july . the female can lay from 6 - 12 eggs , but on average lays 8 - 9 . she then sits on these eggs , which can be plain white or spotted with brown , for an incubation period of 14 days . during this time , her mate is always nearby to defend their territory and collects the food for both of them . occasionally the female may leave the eggs to look for food herself , but covers them with the lining of the nest before she goes . she always spends the entire night on the eggs . when the eggs hatch , both parents work hard to bring a never - ending supply of food to the young . the offspring leave the nest after about 20 days . they will still be fed by their parents for a few weeks after they fledge , while gradually learning to feed themselves . the mountain chickadee has been recorded as living up to almost 8 years in the wild . ( harrison , 1983 ; terres 1980 )
the mountain chickadee is an acrobatic , tree - loving bird with fantastic agility . they are able to find food in places that other animals overlook because they are comfortable at any angle , right - side up or upside down . their flight maneuvers give them an advantage in avoiding enemies . they can change direction in mid - air in 0 . 03 seconds .
their call is a chick - a - dee - a - dee , or a three or four note decending whistle , fee - bee - bay , or fee - bee - fee - bee . they are social and are always flitting about , seemingly very cheerful as they carry on a chatter with flockmates .
in the spring , the flocks of chickadees start to split into pairs , usually with the same partner as the previous year . some pairs are mated for life . the male often brings food as a gift to the female , and defends the territory around their nest which may include as much as eight to seventeen acres . they nest in a natural cavity , abandoned woodpecker hole , birdhouse , or a hole dug out by the pair in a rotted stump or tree . they can nest just a few centimeters above the ground or as high as twenty five meters , but are usually content with a height of two to five meters . when they have completed digging the cavity , it will be approximately 13 to 20 centimeters deep . this task takes the pair about a week to ten days to complete . during the next three or four days , the female creates the actual nest by lining it with soft material such as animal fur , feathers , or moss and plant fibers . when the nest is ready , the female will lay her eggs . ( harrison , 1983 ; evans , 1994 ; terres , 1980 )