cleridae are a family of beetles of the superfamily cleroidea .

they are commonly known as checkered beetles .

the family cleridae has a worldwide distribution , and a variety of habitats and feeding preferences .

cleridae have a large number of niches and feeding habits .

most genera are predaceous and feed on other beetles and larvae ; however other genera are scavengers or pollen feeders .

clerids have elongated bodies with bristly hairs , are usually bright colored , and have variable antennae .

checkered beetles range in length between 3 millimeters and 24 millimeters .

cleridae can be identified based on their 5 – 5 – 5 tarsal formula , division of sternites , and the absence of a special type of vesicle .

female cleridae lay between 28 – 42 eggs at a time predominately under the bark of trees .

larvae are predaceous and feed vigorously before pupation and subsequently emergence as adults .

clerids have a minor significance in forensic entomology .

some species are occasionally found on carrion in the later dry stages of decay .

also , some species are pests ( stored product entomology ) and are found infesting various food products .

research efforts related to cleridae have focused primarily on using certain species as biological controls .

this is a very effective technique for controlling bark beetles due to the voracious appetite of many clerid species .

cleridae

classification , natural history , phylogeny and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies ( coleoptera , cleridae ) .
1960 . the cleridae of north america . part i . the geographical distribution of cleridae of north america , north of the panama canal .
( leconte ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , with a review of subspecies taxa in the family cleridae . psyche 99 : 199 - 206 .
the checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of the maritime provinces of canada .
as a valid name ( cleridae , tillinae ) . zookeys 299 : 49–75 .
( gorham ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . coleopterists bulletin 25 : 127–129 .
classification , phylogeny and zoogeography of the genus perylipus ( coleoptera : cleridae ) .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . the canadian entomologist , 40 : 229 - 233 .
the clerid homepage gives information on cleridae and the people who work with these beetles .
gerstmeier , r . ( 1991 ) mimolesterus gen . n . , a new genus of australian cleridae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , koleopterologische rundschau , 61 , 171–173 .
most species of cleridae are predators as larvae and adults on immature wood boring insects .
de geer , 1775 coleoptera ; cleridae associated with pet food in brazil
pdf .
four new species of cymatodera gray from mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae , tillinae ) .
( coleoptera , cleridae ) in the new world . zookeys 179 : 75 - 157 .
on the cytology of two species of necrobia ( oliv . ) ( coleoptera : cleridae )
a new species of cymatodera gray ( coleoptera : cleridae : tillinae ) from southern mexico .
faunistic composition of cleridae ( coleoptera ) in el limón de cuauchichinola , morelos , mexico .
kuwert ( coleoptera : cleridae : enopliinae ) . canadian entomologist 147 ( 5 ) : 501–526 .
cleridae are a somewhat large family with more than 3 , 000 species known as of 2000 .
adults of cleridae are known as
checkered beetles due to the color pattern on their back .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . entomologische arbeiten aus dem museum g . frey 23 : 1 - 32 .
gerstmeier , r . ( in press ) an overview on classification , taxonomic history and biology of cleridae ( coleoptera , cleroidea , cleridae ) , giornale italiano di entomologia , 13 ( 59 ) , in press .
photographs of north american cleridae associated with conifers , by b . d . ayres & w . f . barr
from the southwestern united states and northern mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . american museum novitates 1572 : 1–9 .
gahan ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) from the western united states . zootaxa 2168 : 57 - 62 .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology . 227 : i - iv + 1 - 138 .
( herbst ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . texas tech university special publications no . 11 . 86 p .
( coleoptera : cleridae : hydnocerinae ) . giornale italiano di entomologia 13 ( 59 ) : 471 - 480 .
more from capsule | michele wang . . . view all 8 patterns aspen bingham celyn cleridae hague ilia palmer radmere
coleoptera : cleridae , to pheromones of the spruce beetle and two secondary bark beetles coleoptera : scolytidae
pdf .
a new genus and species of checkered beetle from honduras with additions to the honduran fauna ( coleoptera : cleridae ) .
catalogue of north american beetles of the family cleridae wolcott a . b . 1947 . fieldiana : zoology 32 : 63–105 .
( coleoptera : cleridae : enopliinae ) . folia entomol . mexicana 44 ( supl . 1 ) : 55 - 62 .
herbst ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 106 ( 1 ) : 199 - 201 .
new species of cymatodera gray ( coleoptera : cleridae : tillinae ) from mexico and central america , with notes on others .
gerstmeier , r . ( 2001 ) short communications on systematics of cleridae . 4 . changes within the genera cleromorpha gorham , 1876 and crobenia blackburn , 1891 ( cleridae , clerinae , korynetinae ) , acta coleopterologica , 17 ( 2 ) , 38 .
gahan : predators of chemically protected ladybird beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae and coccinellidae ) . insecta mundi 0514 : 1 - 5 .
taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group
wolcott ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 113 ( 2 ) : 137 - 153 .
majka , c . 2006 .
a guide to the cleridae of atlantic canada
. chebucto community net . 03 - 19 .
the checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of the maritime provinces of canada christopher g . majka . 2006 . zootaxa 1385 : 31–46 .
opitz , w . 2007 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part iv . the genera
opitz , w . 2008 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . part vii . the genera
vaurie , p . 1952 . the checkered beetles of north central mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . american museum novitates 1597 : 1–37 .
cleridae received a peer review by wikipedia editors , which is now archived . it may contain ideas you can use to improve this article .
six new species of cymatodera from mexico and central america and the retention of cymatodera obliquefasciata as a valid name ( cleridae , tillinae ) .
article : taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group
barr ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . annales de la société entomologique de france ( n . s . ) , 49 : 1 - 35 .
what made you want to look up cleridae ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
kolibáč , j . ( 2003 ) a review of australian genera of korynetinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) , entomologica basiliensia , 25 , 41–97 .
( coleoptera , cleridae ) , a larval predator in the nests of bees and wasps . annals of the entomological society of america 36 : 589–601 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009b ) taxonomic revision of apteropilo lea , 1908 ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , zootaxa , 2200 , 41–53 .
gorham , h . s . ( 1876 ) notes on the coleopterous family cleridae , with descriptions of new genera and species , cistula entomologica , 57–104 .
schaeffer , c . 1917 . on some north american cleridae . ( col . ) . journal of the new york entomolgical society 26 : 129 - 134 .
details - taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group - biodiversity heritage library
the checkered beeltes ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of florida . leavengood , jr . , j . m . 2008 . university of florida , gainesville . 206 pp .
opitz , w . 2010 . new taxa of epiphloeinae kuwert ( cleridae ) and chaetosomatidae crowson ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) . insecta mundi 0123 : 1 - 28 .
wolcott , a . b . 1909 . the cleridae of the public museum of the city of milwaukee . bulletin of the wisconsin natural history society 7 : 93–102 .
wolcott , a . b . 1927 . descriptions of a new genus and four new species of north american cleridae . coleopterological contributions , 1 : 105 - 110 .
dorshorst , j . j . 2006 . a comprehensive survey of the checkered beet ; es of wisconsin ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . m . s . thesis .
we name this beetle for prof . dr . roland gerstmeier ( technische universität münchen , germany ) , in recognition of his many contributions to the study of cleridae .
knull , j . n . 1951 . the checkered beetles of ohio ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . ohio biological survey bulletin 8 ( 42 ) : 268 - 350 .
corporaal , j . b . ( 1950 ) cleridae . coleopterorum catalogus , supplementa pars 23 , uitgeverij dr . w . junk , ' s - gravenhage , 1–373 .
knull , j . n . 1951 . the checkered beetles of ohio ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . ohio biological survey bulletin , 8 ( 42 ) : 268 - 350 .
classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies opitz w . 2010 . entomologica basiliensia et collections frey 32 : 31–128 .
wolcott , a . b . 1947 . catalogue of north american beetles of the family cleridae . fieldiana : zoology , 32 ( 2 ) : 61 - 105 . full pdf
gerstmeier , r . ( 2002 ) generic concept of clerid taxa related to clerus ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , entomological problems , 32 ( 2 ) , 99–111 .
solervicens , j . a . ( 2007 ) cladistic analysis of species of natalis laporte ( 1836 ) and related genera eunatalis schenkling ( 1909 ) , metademius schenkling ( 1899 ) and eurymetomorphon pic ( 1950 ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) with redescription of a restored clerinae genus ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , zootaxa , 1389 , 1–14 .
knull , j . n . 1934 . five new species of coleoptera ( cleridae , elateridae , buprestidae and cerambycidae ) . entomological news 45 ( 1 ) : 9 - 13 .
schaeffer , c . 1908 . on new and known coleoptera of the families coccinellidae and cleridae . journal of the new york entomological society , 16 ( 3 ) : 125 - 135
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009c ) a replacement name for phlogistus blackburni hintz , 1908 ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , australian entomologist , 36 ( 3 ) , 97–98 .
( gorham , 1883 ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : hydnocerinae ) , including the first report from the united states . the coleopterists bulletin , 66 ( 4 ) : 351 - 356 .
opitz , w . 2014 . taxonomy of the new world genera of enopliinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . journal of the kansas entomological society 87 ( 4 ) : 358 - 384 .
opitz , w . 2017 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the subfamily peloniinae opitz ( coleoptera : cleroidea : cleridae ) . part viii . systematics of the checkered beetle genus
wolcott , a . b . 1910 . notes on some cleridae of middle and north america , with descriptions of new species . fieldiana zoology 7 ( 10 ) : 339 - 401 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2010 ) a new species of bicoloured eleale newman ( coleoptera : cleridae ) from the northern territory , australian entomologist , 36 ( 4 ) , 183–188 .
opitz , w . ( 2002a ) 73 . cleridae latreille 1804 . in : arnett jr . , r . h . et al . ( eds ) : american beetles . volume 2 .
opitz , w . ( 2010 ) classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies . entomologica basiliensia et collections frey , 32 , 31–128 .
opitz , w . 1997 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the epiphloeinae ( co1eoptera : cleridae ) . part i . the genera of epiphloeinae . insecta mundi 11 : 51 - 96 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009d ) the cleridae of lord howe island , with descriptions of two new species ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) , records of the australian museum 61 , 225–228 . urltoken
opitz , w . ( 2002b ) flower foraging behavior of the australian species eleale aspera ( newman ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , the coleopterists bulletin , 56 ( 2 ) , 241–245 .
mawdsley , j . r . 2002 .
ecological notes on species of cleridae insecta : coleoptera associated with the prairie flora of central north america
. the great lakes entomologist 35 1 : 1522 .
gerstmeier , r . ( 1990b ) revision of the genus olesterus spinola , 1841 , with description of new species from australia ( coleoptera , cleridae ) , mitteilungen der münchner entomologischen gesellschaft , 80 , 21–38 .
authors ( 2015 ) four new species of cymatodera gray from central and southern mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae , tillinae ) . zookeys 513 : 105–121 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 513 . 9935
gerstmeier , r . ( 1990a ) short communications on systematics of cleridae . 1 . neoscrobiger ephippius ( boisduval , 1835 ) is a trogodendron spinola , 1841 , acta coleopterologica , 6 ( 2 ) , 80 .
schenkling , s . ( 1903 ) coleoptera . malacodermata . fam . cleridae . in : wytsman p . ( ed . ) genera insectorum , fasc . 13 , p . wytsman , bruxelles , 124 pp .
opitz , w . 2010 . classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) . entomologica basiliensia et collectionis frey , 32 : 31–128 .
opitz , w . 2011 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) part x . the genus madoniella pic , 1935 . entomologica basiliensia et collectionis frey 33 : 133 - 248 .
leavengood jr . , j . m . 2008 . the checkered beeltes ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of florida . unpublished thesis for the degree of master of science . university of florida , gainesville . 206 pp . full pdf
leconte , j . l . 1849 . synopsis of the coleopterous insects of the group cleridae , which inhabit the united states . ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 5 : 9 - 35 .
ekis , g . ( 1975 ) taxonomic and nomenclatural status of clerid taxa described by massimiliano spinola ( 1780–1857 ) ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . bollettino del museo di zoologia dell ' università di torino , 1 , 1–80 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009a ) scrobiger splendidus ( newman ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) associated with hylaeus sp . ( hymenoptera : colletidae ) in southeastern queensland , australian entomologist , 36 ( 2 ) , 79–83 .
4 . hemp c , hemp a , dettner k . attraction of the colour beetle species pallenothriocera rufimembris by cantharidin ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . entomol gen . 1999 ; 24 ( 1 ) : 115 - 23 . [ links ]
opitz , w . 2011 . classification , natural history , and evolution of korynetinae laporte ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . part i . generic composition of the subfamily and key to genera . journal of afrotropical zoology 7 : 29 - 67 .
a fact from cleridae appeared on wikipedia ' s main page in the did you know ? column on 3 april 2009 ( check views ) . a record of the entry may be seen at wikipedia : recent additions / 2009 / april .
dorshorst , j . j . and d . k . young . 2008 . an annotated checklist of wisconsin checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae and thanerocleridae ) . the great lakes entomologist 41 : 169 - 184 ( publication in 2009 ) .
leavengood jr , j . m . and b . h . garner . 2014 . nomenclatural notes on some checkered beetle ( coleoptera : cleridae ) types of the natural history museum , london ( bmnh ) . zootaxa 3760 : 301 - 335 .
lambkin , t . a . and n . khatoon . 1990 . culture methods for necrobia rufipes ( degeer ) and dermestes maculatus degeer ( coleoptera : cleridae and dermestidae ) . j . stored prod . res . 26 : 59 - 60 .
as a student of woodboring beetles for more than a quarter - century now , i’ve had occasion to encounter a goodly number of checkered beetles ( family cleridae ) – both in the field and as a result of rearing them from dead wood . …
winkler , j . r . ( 1972 ) cleridae ( coleoptera ) of australia : eleale cuprea mjöb . , e . neboissi sp . n . , e . balfourbrownei sp . n . , acta entomologica bohemslovaca , 69 ( 5 ) , 330–338 .
winkler , j . r . ( 1989 ) sedlacekvia tanamica gen . n . , sp . n . , an anomalous new taxon from australia , tentatively assigned to the familiy cleridae ( coleoptera ) , acta univiversitatis carolinae - biologica , 32 , 457–476 .
necrobia rufipes ( degeer ) is a beetle of the family cleridae and is the commonest species of necrobia found on cured fish . two related species , n . ruficollis ( fabricius ) and n violacea ( linnaeus ) , are only rarely found on this commodity .
kolibáč , j . ( 1998 ) notes on the classification of natalis laporte de castelnau and notocymatodera schenkling , with a description of notocymatodera disjuncta sp . n . ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , acta musei moraviae , scientiae biologicae , 82 ( 1997 ) , 191–198 .
hasan , md m . and t . w . phillips . 2010 . mass - rearing of the redlegged ham beetle , necrobia rufipes degeer ( coleoptera : cleridae ) for laboratory research . j . stored prod . res . 46 ( 1 ) : 38 - 42 .
the checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are a diverse and fascinating group of insects . corporaal ( 1950 ) catalogued 3 , 366 described species in the world and opitz ( 2002 ) listed 291 species in north america . of these 15 species are known to occur in atlantic canada .
burke , a . f . , j . m . leavengood , g . zolnerowich . 2015 . a checklist of the new world species of tillinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , with an illustrated key to genera and new country records . zootaxa 4059 : 1 - 39 .
there are over 60 insect families which play an important role in carrion ecology . however , only the families ( calliphoridae , sarcophagidae , staphylinidae , cleridae and dermestidae ) of coleoptera ( beetles ) are the most important to be used in forensic entomology [ 4 , 5 ] .
opitz , w . 2014 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the epiphloeinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) part xi . generic taxonomy , intergeneric phylogeny , and catalogue of the subfamily . acta musei moraviae , scientiae biologicae , special issue 99 ( 2 ) : 1 - 94 .
among checkered beetles ( family cleridae ) , the genus trichodes contains among the largest and most strikingly - colored species . the 11 north american species of this predominantly holarctic genus are primarily western in distribution , although two species ( t . nuttalli and t . apivorus ) do occur in the …
goals / objectives larval and adult checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are one of the most important families of insect predators attacking injurious forest insects . yet , no surveys of the wisconsin or western great lakes region clerid fauna have ever been conducted . i estimate that we currently have published records and information on only half of the species indigenous to the state . thus , the primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive , systematic survey of wisconsin cleridae with special emphasis on species inhabiting wisconsin forests . this will establish a baseline of knowledge regarding species diversity , geographical and temporal distributions , and biology .
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@ article { bhlpart100097 , title = { taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group } , journal = { zookeys } , volume = { 294 } , url = urltoken publisher = { pensoft publishers 2013 } , author = { yang , gan - yan and montreuil , olivier and yang , xing - ke } , year = { 2013 } , pages = { 9 - 35 } , keywords = { brachycallimerus | callimerus | cleridae | new species | oriental region | species group | synonymy | systematics | } , }
the family cleridae is probably better known by its other common name , the checkered beetles . most are predaceous on the larvae of other insects . a small subset of this group , however , prefers to feed on flesh . entomologists sometimes refer to these clerids as bone beetles or ham beetles . one species in particular ,
beetles ( coleoptera ) have been recognised as providing significant entomological evidence in the medico - legal field , particularly with reference to dry human skeletal remains in the later stages of decomposition . the dermestidae ( skin beetles ) and cleridae ( bone beetles ) have been found as the most common types infesting exposed human remains and providing evidence in estimating the minimum postmortem interval ( pmi ) .
overall , great article . one minor error that i found was a capitalization mistake . on your general characteristics section ,
characteristics
should not be capitalied . also , on the picture demonstrating the narrow pronotum , maybe adding
of cleridae
or naming the genus / specie in the picture would be a nice touch . - - skk1214aggie ( talk ) 23 : 38 , 14 april 2009 ( utc ) skk1214aggie
a total of 414 insects in 5 families of three orders : diptera ( muscidae , bombyliidae , syphiidae ) ; coleopteran ( cleridae ) and hemiptera ( reduviidae ) were collected from the forest genet . m . domestica was dominant ( 78 % ) ( table 3 ) . m . domestica was collected daily throughout the 25 - day period , from the display of fresh carcass to complete skeletonization ; the appearance of other species was discontinuous ( fig 3 ) .
i am truly impressed with this article ; every section is very descriptive and informational . in your general characteristics section , i like the way you all differentiated between the appearance of cleridae and ways to identify them . the identification paragraph was very distinct and straight to the point . i also noticed how you intertwined appearance in the development section
the larvae are covered in hair and have two horn - type projections on the dorsal area of the last body segment
good work because although you already discussed appearance , you still kept the topic flowing throughout the article . one suggestion i have is to try and find a picture for the forensic relevance section of your article such as a cleridae feeding on carrion or on stored products . there is a wide variety pictures on your page so keep up the good work . this is a great article . cassiegz ( talk ) 16 : 11 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
this new state survy project began in october 2003 . while much of the research will have a field focus , research prior to the first field season ( spring / summer 2004 ) centers on conducting background searchs for checkered beetles ( cleridae ) in existing collections , as well as accumulation of pertinent research literature . we have also begum to electronically database specimens in existing collections ( primarily from the university of wisconsin insect research collection ) . to date , 1 , 415 specimens have been entered .
the checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are small to medium - sized , elongated , often brightly colored species . worldwide about 3600 species have been described from virtually all biogeographical realms , in central europe and germany 20 species are known to occur . numerous species are visitors of flowers and feed on other insects , but also pollen . other representatives of the family live on trees and under the bark and prey mainly on bark beetles and their larvae . some species are scavengers , feeding on dry carrion and animal products ( dried and smoked meat , hides , bones ) and can become pests . the larvae are predaceous as well .
larva - appearance as in figure 1 ( right ) . typical beetle larva with three pairs of jointed legs ; moderately hairy . most of body creamish - grey with mottled violet - grey markings on the upper surface . head , and upper surfaces of the 1st thoracic segment and the last large abdominal segment ( the ninth ) , with brown hardened plates ; 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments also with tiny brownish plates . plate on last large abdominal segment with two horn - like protuberances which curve strongly upwards . very difficult to distinguish from closely - related species of cleridae , but easily distinguished from dermestes larvae by coloration and normal amount of hairs , and from fly larvae by presence of legs and obvious head .
first of all , you did a good job covering this broad topic . my group had to cover genus chrysomya , so i know how difficult it is to include everything . one thing i will suggest is although you listed the subfamilies of the genus , maybe focus on one or two of the important species and mention them more in depth . just an idea . other than that , you had a very good description of the different habitats that cleridae inhabits . i also was very impressed with the way you split up the forensic importance by stored product and medico - legal entomology . overall , this article was very educational and very easy to read . well done . msrubar ( talk ) 02 : 40 , 7 april 2009 ( utc ) msrubar
great job on the article ! cleridae had a lot of information to cover and overall it is very thorough . i feel like this webpage does a great job in touching every topic . a few small suggestions for the webpage would be to link the word
antennae
in the intro and
bark beetle
in the geography and distribution section . also , there were a few grammatical errors found in the geography and distribution section . when you talk about
nest robbers category lives in shrubbery and trees . .
and also
feed only on dead . . .
. these changes are simple and easy but will make a huge difference on your page . again , good job on the page ! amanda . turchi ( talk ) 18 : 53 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
five doses of lanierone ( 2 - hydroxy - 4 , 4 , 6 - trimethyl - 2 , 5 - cyclohexadien - 1 - one ) were tested with one dose of enantiomerically pure [ 99 . 4 % ( 4 r ) - ( − ) ] ipsdienol ( 2 - methyl - 6 - methylene - 2 , 7 - octadien - 4 - ol ) for activity as an aggregation pheromone of ips pini ( say ) in california . the response of i . pini to 1 mg / day ipsdienol + 20 μg / day lanierone was significantly greater than the response to ipsdienol alone , but the response pattern did not demonstrate a clear dose - response relationship . the response to the highest dose of lanierone ( 2 mg / day ) was significantly lower than the response to ipsdienol alone . ipsdienol attracted significantly more i . pini than a male - infested log . lanierone did not alter the percentage of male i . pini responding to ipsdienol alone . neither sex of i . pini or dendroctonus brevicomis leconte from california produced detectable amounts of lanierone , but myrcene - aerated male d . brevicomis produced 97 . 8 % - ( 4s ) - ( + ) - ipsdienol . the black - bellied clerid , enoclerus lecontei ( wolcott ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) was attracted to lanierone when released with ipsdienol . neither compound was attractive when released alone , proving synergism for the kairomone of this predator . lanierone did not influence the response of the predators temnochila chlorodia ( mannerheim ) ( coleoptera : trogositidae ) and enoclerus sphegeus ( f . ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , which were attracted to all treatments containing ipsdienol . tomicobia tibialis ashmead ( hymenoptera : pteromalidae ) responded in significantly greater numbers to the male - infested log than it did to ipsdienol or ipsdienol + 20 μg / day lanierone .
this second edition is completey updated compared to the first edition published in 2000 . this new guide to phytophagous beetles of europe is devoted to the families buprestidae , elateridae , cleridae and cerambycidae . a host of species are described and illustrated , to help you recognise and identify almost all the jewel beetle and longhorn species you might encounter in europe , ranging from portugal and great britain to finland and the balkans . these include species quite recently described . phytophagous beetles of europe , volume 1 is packed with new information and discoveries , enriching the entries on the biology in general and the ethology and ecology of each species in particular , allowing for the many additional host - plants found over the past few years . distribution maps , drawn up in line with the most recent publications , feature alongside the descriptions . the new classification adopted is from the catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera , by löbl and smetana , published from 2003 to 2013 , now used by all entomologists . this resolves many of the problems that stem from working with synonymies .
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a total of 281 insects in four families of 2 orders : diptera ( muscidae , syrphidae , calliphoridae ) and hymenoptera ( adidae ) , and 2 ixodids were collected from the mona monkey , cercipithecus mona . the major species was the house fly , musca domestica ( 72 % ) . the entomofauna from the giant cane rat , thyronomys swinderianus carcass , totalled 257 in 3 families of 2 orders : diptera ( muscidae , syrphidae ) and hymenoptera ( formicidae ) . the dominant species was m . domestica ( 76 % ) . the highest insect population was 414 , recorded from the carcass of the forest genet , genetta poensis ; it consisted of 5 families in 3 orders : diptera ( muscidae , bombyliidae , syrphidae ) , coleoptera ( cleridae ) and hemiptera ( reduviidae ) . the order diptera was dominant on all carcasses and the most prominent dipteran m . domestica was collected continuously , while the appearance of the other species was sporadic . complete decomposition period was shortest ( 11 days ) in the giant cane rat and longest ( 44 days ) in the forest genet ; the period in the mona monkey was 14 days . successional occurrence of these arthropods was not discernible . these results are compared to those from other studies .
cantharidin has never been detected in plants , but the first crc , palasonin ( demethylcantharidin ) , which lacks one of the angular methyl groups of cantharidin , was characterized in 1960 ( 25 ) . it was initially isolated from the seeds of the indian tree , butea frondosa ( leguminoseae ) ( 26 ) . fietz was the first to detect palasonin in bodily extracts from a blister beetle ( hycleus lunatus ) and a clerid beetle ( trichodes apiaries , cleridae ) ( 27 ) . dettner et al . ( 21 ) reported the second crc , palasoninimide , from the south african species h . lunatus . cantharimides , whose anhydride oxygen atoms are replaced by basic amino acids , and cantharimide dimers , which consist of two cantharimide units combined with a tri - , tetra - , or penta - methylene group , have been reported in the chinese meloid mylabris phalerata pall . ( 28 , 29 ) . a low amount of cantharidinimide was found in bodily extracts from mylabris impressa stillata ( 20 ) . variable titers of palasonin were recently detected in two other southern african species , hycleus oculatus and hycleus tinctus ( 23 ) . although there are a few studies on palasonin , the crcs ' function , concentration , transfer or production site have never been discussed . the impact of sex or mating status on the diversity and frequency of such compounds was also unclear .
the wisconsin beetle diversity project continues with 20 families now extensively surveyed : ischaliidae ( 1 species ; 1985 ) , bolboceratidae ( 7 species , 2000 ) , ceratocanthidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , geotrupidae ( 6 species , 2000 ) , glaresidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , lucanidae ( 7 species , 2000 ) , ochodaeidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , passalidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , scarabaeidae ( 139 species , 2000 ; 140 species , 2006 ) , trogidae ( 14 species , 2000 ) , tenebrionidae ( 90 species , 2001 ) , endomychidae ( 9 species , 2002 ) , histeridae ( 95 species , 2002 ) , lycidae ( 22 species , 2002 ) , rhipiceridae ( 1 species , 2002 ) , kateretidae ( 4 species , 2003 ) , nitidulidae ( 78 species , 2003 ) , mordellidae ( 68 species , 2003 ) , cleridae ( 30 species , 2006 ) , cerambycidae ( lamiinae ) ( 78 species , 2006 ) . ongoing surveys include cupedidae , micromalthidae , anobiidae , meloidae , and pyrochroidae . a survey of the wasp familiy mutillidae is complete for wisconsin and should be published in 2007 . a new project on bog - endemic butterflies will being in 2007 , as well . ongoing intensive , long - term insect field sampling projects continue at hemlock draw ( sauk co . ) and qunicy bluff ( adams co . ) .
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( wirc ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date , we have databased more than 60 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . three new research papers ( a wisconsin cantharid beetle & parasitoid , cleridae of wisconsin , and a new species of ptinidae ) were in press / published in 2009 . several web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families are now published or under development . two additional manuscripts ( ptinidae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ) are being prepared at the time of this report .
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( irc ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date we have databased more than 30 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . one new manuscript has been submitted ( endomychidae of wisconsin ) and an associated website is nearing completion , along with the development of several additional web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families . two additional manuscripts ( cleridae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ) are being prepared at the time of this report ; both are expected to be submitted in the first few months of 2008 .
i enjoyed reading this article . it was presented in an easily understandable way especially for such a broad topic . just a few thoughts for enhancement . first , a link for the word elytra is already present on its first usage so you don ' t need the quick parenthesis explanation after it . second , i noticed a link is not available for
eversible vesicles
so you put a quick parenthesis explanation after using it . however , i think it would be better to put the explanation after the first usage at the top of the article and not after the second usage that is mid - way into the article so the reader can know immediately what you are talking about . thirdly , the sentence
mostly the antennae are clubbed at the tip . . .
could use a little revision . it could sound more professional if the sentence went like
the antennae are mostly clubbed at the tip . . .
,
the antennae are clubbed at the tip for most species . . .
, or
the antennae are clubbed mostly at the tip . . .
. use whichever one more correctly conveys what you want to say . and finally , the sentence
cleridae can be found in the americas , africa , europe , the middle east and even australia .
needs a comma after australia . overall , a great article . loved the pictures ! jkski23 ( talk ) 13 : 34 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( ircw ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date we have databased more than 35 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . one new research paper ( endomychidae of wisconsin ) was published in 2008 ; the associated website is now on - line . several additional web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families are now published or under development . three additional manuscripts ( cleridae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ; a wisconsin cantharid beetle ) are being prepared at the time of this report ; one has been submitted and accepted for publication ; the other two should be submitted in 2009 .
to date , several families forming part of the wisconsin beetle diversity have been extensively surveyed . in 1985 , the family ischaliidae ( 1 species ) was discovered in wisconsin for the first time from specimens collected in sauk co . a number of county records now exist for the species / family in wisconsin . suveys were completed for the scarabaeid beetles and their relatives ( scarabaeoidea ) in 2000 . prior to this study , 120 species had been recorded for wisconsin ; our survey increased the number by 49 % to 150 species . the darkling beetle ( tenebrionidae ) survey was completed in 2001 with a 150 % increase [ 36 - prior , to 90 species following our survey ] . in 2002 , the families endomychidae [ 1 - prior , to 9 species following our survey - 800 % increase ] , histeridae [ 21 - prior , to 95 species following our survey - 352 % increase ] , lycidae [ 4 - prior , to 22 species following our survey - 450 % increase ] , and rhipiceridae [ 0 - prior , to 1 species following our survey - 100 % increase ] were completed . in 2003 , the families kateretidae [ 2 - prior , to 4 species following our survey - 100 % increase ] , nitidulidae [ 36 - prior , to 78 species following our survey - 117 % increase ] , and mordellidae [ 5 - prior , to 68 species following our survey - 1260 % increase ] were completed . ongoing surveys continue for cleridae , cerambycidae ( lamiinae ) , and pyrochroidae , while new state surveys have been initiated for meloidae and anobiidae ( first field season in 2006 ) .
estimating the pre - appearance interval ( pai ) of carrion insects from temperature is a new and promising improvement of entomological methods for post - mortem interval estimation . in order to use this approach in casework , a taxon should demonstrate a close relationship between pai and temperature . in this article we test this relationship in selected species of beetles , namely thanatophilus sinuatus fabr . , t . rugosus l . , necrodes littoralis l . ( silphidae ) , necrobia rufipes de geer , n . violacea l . ( cleridae ) , dermestes frischii kug . ( dermestidae ) , creophilus maxillosus l . , philonthus politus l . , ontholestes murinus l . ( staphylinidae ) , saprinus semistriatus scriba , s . planiusculus motch . and margarinotus brunneus fabr . ( histeridae ) . data were collected from 30 pig carcasses decomposing under different temperature conditions in open and forest habitats of western poland . beetles were sampled with pitfall traps and with manual and soil sampling . the on - site temperature of the ground level was recorded . the relationship was tested separately in adult and larval stages . all species , except for d . frischii , revealed significant relationship between pai and temperature . in all cases pai was found to decrease exponentially with an increase in temperature . moreover , above some temperature it was nearly constant . the relationship was strong in the case of adult and larval n . littoralis , adult n . rufipes , adult and larval c . maxillosus , adult p . politus , s . semistriatus and s . planiusculus . the relationship of moderate strength was found for adult and larval t . sinuatus , adult n . violacea and adult m . brunneus . in the case of adult t . rugosus and o . murinus the relationship was weak . current results demonstrate that there are solid premises for estimating pai from temperature in t . sinuatus , n . littoralis , n . rufipes , n . violacea , c . maxillosus , p . politus , s . semistriatus , s . planiusculus and m . brunneus . implications for forensic entomology are discussed .
) are important predators of various lignicolous insects , particularly bark beetles ( scolytidae ) . adults can often be found on the surface of fallen limbs and trees which are infested with various kinds of saproxylic invertebrates and both adults and larvae are voracious predators of these . they run swiftly and are able to fly readily and in some contexts are thought to have an important economic role in regulating the populations of such insects .
) are found on herbaceous vegetation . the larvae often feed on gall insects and the adults are predaceous on various insects found on flowers and vegetation . the larvae of
are predators and / or parasites of grasshoppers or bees and wasps ( where they feed on pollen and / or invertebrate contents of nest cells ) . species in the genus
are saprophytic and predaceous and are found on bones , dead skin and , carrion of fish and another animals . the bionomics of the family are diverse and clerids are found in a variety of ecological situations .
4 . 5 - 6 . 5 mm . note the bright red color of the elytra and lack of patterning which distinguishes this species from all other clerids in this region . they have open procoxal cavities and no lateral ridge on the pronotum . this species is predatory on various sub - cortical and wood - boring insects , particularly scolytines and are typically found in coniferous forests . there are records from prince edward island , nova scotia , and new brunswick .
5 . 5 - 10 . 0 mm . this species is almost entirely black except for the basal and apical margins of the prontum , the legs , labrum , palpi , and basal two antennomeres which are reddish - yellow . this coloration distinguishes this species from all others in the region . the apical antennomere is only slightly longer than the penultimate . opitz ( 2002 ) reports that adults feed on larvae of cynipoid wasps and other gall insects , fruit tree caterpillars , and larvae of various wood - boring beetles . there is one record from nova scotia .
are distinguished from related genera by having a broad basal tooth on the tarsal claws . the eyes are only feebly emarginate . this species is almost entirely bluish black in colouration except for the humeral angles which are reddish and the antennae , mouthparts and ( sometimes ) the anterior legs which are yellowish . the color form
leconte is entirely dark . note the expanded margins of the pronotum which form a lateral tubercle . opitz ( 2002 ) reports that they have been reared from in sect galls and are known to prey on small wood borers , immature weevils , and larvae of hymenoptera . they are typically found on the leaves and flowers of various flowering herbaceous plants . in atlantic canada the species is recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
by having a short elytra that does not completely cover the abdomen . note the coloration : the head and pronotum are entirely dark ; the elytra yellowish brown with dark markings at the humeri , along the suture and at the apicies along with a median transverse band . bionomics : see
. in atlantic canada the species is recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
also has a short elytra which incompletely covers the abdomen . although the coloration is reported to be somewhat variable , in general the head is largely dark except for the mouthparts and gulular region ; the pronotum , sterna , and elytra are entierley , or almost entirely black . the legs are yellow . bionomics : see
: 3 . 5 - 5 . 5 mm . this species has been found in new brunswick and on prince edward island . on prince edward island found on pine (
sp . ) and elsewhere associated with pine ( downie and arnett 1996 ) .
in that the elytra in this genus is also short leaving a portion of the abdomen uncovered . they differ from
in having a small basal tooth on the tarsal claws and in having antennomere 3 twice as long as wide . they are an dark bluish black in coloration with the legs , front of head , and a variably sized triangular area at the base of the elytra yellow . opitz ( 2002 ) reports this species from the galls of
) . in atlantic canada they are recorded from new brunswick and nova scotia .
8 . 0 - 10 . 0 mm . this species has recently been discovered in new brunswick by sean blaney . not the densely hairy , narrow body and the blue - black elytra with variable orange patterning ( usually with a transverse crossbar , and spots around the humeral umbone and sub - apical spots or bars ) which distinguishes this species from any other clerid found in the region . the adults feed on pollen and are found on a variety of flowers including goldenrods (
) . the larvae are predaceous on a variety of insect hosts including bees and grasshoppers ( opitz 2002 ) .
7 . 5 - 9 . 0 mm . species of this genus have a loose anetennal club , a triangular apical maxillary palpomere , and sub - serial punctation at the base of the elytra . in this region two species occur .
is a larger species with more extensive areas of orange at the base of the elytra . also not the respective widths and positions of the transverse white bands on the elytra of this species and
spp . ) . recorded from both new brunswick , nova scotia , and newfoundland .
but smaller and with slightly different color pattern ( see above ) . found in similar habitats to
( but often more abundant ) where they are also avid predators of lignicolous insects , particularly of bark beetles ( scolytinae ) . recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , prince edward island , and newfoundland .
the antennal club is dense and the apical antennomere is long , securiform , and sinuate on the inner side . both
( spinola ) ( entire dorsal surface black ) have been recorded in new brunswick and nova scotia . both adults and larvare are voracious predators of various lignicolous insects , particularly of bark beetles ( scolytinae ) and are commonly encountered in coniferous forests where there are dead or dying trees or limbs .
3 . 5 - 6 . 0 mm . this is a slender , narrow species with very prominent rows of serial punctures and an elytral pattern of three yellowish markings ; the first running obliquely from humerus to suture , the second an undulate post - medial band , and the third a pair of yellow sub - apical spots . the eyes are emarginate and the funicular antennomeres are not densely setose . the three - segmented antennal club is shorter than the remaining portion of the antenna . the adults and larvae are predaceous on various wood - boring insects , particularly bark beetles ( scolytinae ) . they appear to be rather rare local in their distribution in nb & ns where they are found in coniferous forests . until recently this species was placed in the genus
wolcott 1944 . recorded in new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
3 . 5 - 6 . 0 mm . this species and the following are short rounded beetles with head , prontum and elytra a metallic greenish or bluish coloration . a distinctive feature of this genus is that the 9th and 10th antennomeres are narrowly transverse .
has its legs and basal antennomere reddish brown . they are found on dried fish , skins and bones of dead animals , and other carrion where they are saprophagous and predaceous ( opitz 2002 ) . this is a cosmopolitan species probably originally from the palearctic region and introduced here . to date they have only been recorded in newfoundland and nova scotia in atlantic canada .
except that the legs and antennae are entirely dark . also found on dried fish , skins and bones of dead animals , and other carrion where they are saprophagous and predaceous . this is also a cosmopolitan species probably originally from the palearctic region and introduced here . in this region they have been recorded in new brunswick , nova scotia , prince edward island , and newfoundland .
many thanks to sean blaney , yves bousquet , serge laplante , david mccorquodale , and jacques rifkind for their assistance .
hinks , w . d . [ ed . ] . coleopterum catalogus supplementa , pars 23 ( edito secunda ) . w . junk , ' s - gravenhage , 373 pp .
downie , n . m . and arnett , r . h . , jr . 1996 . the beetles of northeastern north america . sandhill crane press . gainsville , florida . 1721 pp .
bousquet , y . checklist of beetles of canada and alaska . agriculture canada publication 1861 / e . pp . 208 - 211 .
arnett , r . h . , jr . , thomas , , m . c . , skelley , p . e . , and frank , j . h . [ eds ] . 2002 . american beetles , volume 2 : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea . crc press , boca raton , usa . pp . 267 - 280 .
( c ) all rights reserved . christopher majka & empty mirrors press . revised 20 june , 2006 .
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the cfpb was established by congress through the dodd - frank wall street reform and consumer protection act of 2010 , with rich cordray being appointed the first director of the cfpb in january 2012 . the organization works to give consumers the information they need so as to understand the terms of their agreements with financial institutions .
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since its establishment , the organization has strived to protect consumers by coming up with and implementing federal consumer financial laws . it ensures this by writing rules , supervising companies and strictly enforcing federal consumer financial protection laws that support fairness for consumers . the body has also strives to restrict deceptive , unfair , or abusive practices and acts which are detrimental to the general well being of the consumer . further to the above , the cfpb does also take consumer complaints on a wide range of financial transactions that include but are not limited to installment loans .


viewed ( 4 october 2003 – 18 april 2010 ) was an australian thoroughbred racehorse who won the 148th melbourne cup on 4 november 2008 .

prior to the cup , viewed won the ajc listed japan racing association ( jra ) plate on april 30 , 2008 and two months later he qualified by winning the group 2 brisbane cup on 9 june 2008 .

viewed

the official time of the race will now be recorded as viewed ' s .
1520s , from view ( n . ) . related : viewed ; viewing .
it is viewed in some of them as an essential prop to existing governments .
life and death are one thread , the same line viewed from different sides .
bart cummings holds last year ' s melbourne cup aloft after viewed raced to victory .
it viewed them with tolerance until they were found out , when it raised its hands .
rawiller took viewed back towards the tail of the field from barrier 13 and the heavyweight rider had viewed travelling on the rail as the field turned out of the straight the first time .
photo finish . . . viewed hangs on against the fast finishing bauer . photo : john woudstra
during tuesday the body was viewed by the tenants on the estate , the neighbors and friends .
viewed gave cummings his 12th melbourne cup winner after winning his first with light fingers in 1965 .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for viewed . viewed is a stallion born in 2003 october 4 by scenic out of lovers knot
and the highest viewed death battle is . . . . - off - topic - comic vine
viewed takes a rails run on the way to claiming the caulfield cup from roman emporer and vigor .
viewed beats bauer to the line in the melbourne cup . photograph : william west / afp / getty images
life and death are one thread , the same line viewed from different sides . - lao tzu - brainyquote
viewed ( rail ) , ridden by blake shinn , and bauer , with corey brown in the saddle , drive for the post in today ' s heart - stopping cup finish . viewed paid more than $ 40 in tote betting .
natural death as viewed by the medical examiner : a review of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease .
viewed ' s win gave cummings a 250th group one race victory . for the owner it was a fourth flemington classic .
viewed finally got clear at the 300 metres to charge to the line to take the $ 2 . 5 million feature .
veteran trainer bart cummings ' horse viewed is on track to defend its melbourne cup title after taking out the caulfield cup .
viewed takes a rails run on the way to claiming the caulfield cup from roman emporer and vigor . photo : vince caligiuri
his 12th melbourne cup winner , viewed , had just thrashed his rivals but cummings didn ' t quite see it that way .
natural death as viewed by the medical examiner : a review of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease . - pubmed - ncbi
brisbane cup winner viewed has given veteran trainer bart cummings his 12th melbourne cup in a thrilling photo finish ahead of luca cumani ' s bauer .
viewed is a six - year - old stallion by scenic ( ire ) out of lovers knot ( nz ) . ( khozaam ( usa ) ) .
he begins by saying that death is really something that can be viewed as a wonderful thing for the christian . how so ? dr . lutzer explains :
viewed has broken an 18 - year drought for bart cummings after leading home a quinella for the master trainer in the group i bmw caulfield cup on saturday .
baroness thatcher would have viewed the parties held to celebrate her death as a
remarkable tribute
to her achievements , one of her closest friends has said .
that ' ' lucky ' ' rails run helped viewed to a breathtaking 2¼ length victory over stablemate roman emperor to bring up cummings ' seventh win in the caulfield cup .
racing victoria ltd chief handicapper greg carpenter said he would announce any penalty for viewed tomorrow , but gave cummings some hope that the penalty would not be excessive . he said that the higher a horse was weighted , the greater the impact of a penalty so viewed may get as low as 1 . 5 kilograms or as high as two kilograms .
viewed earned $ 3 . 3 million for its owner , dato tan chin nam , and paid a whopping $ 46 . 50 to those who follow the master rather than form .
viewed relaxed well and was ready to make ground on the inside when pushed along by rawiller to take advantage of all other riders moving away from the fence from the 1000 metres .
cups king bart cummings created yet more history when outsider viewed , ridden by blake shinn , took out the $ 5 . 65 million melbourne cup after a photo finish at flemington this afternoon .
cummings might have been shuffling but viewed certainly wasn ' t , the five - year - old stallion triumphing in an epic finish , galloping to the lead in the straight and somehow holding on .
viewed ' s victory gave cummings a 12th cup victory and , as he shuffled through the media scrum to greet his charge , the grand old man of the track was already talking of a 13th .
connections of cup runner - up bauer were stunned to learn that he travelled the two miles at flemington in a quicker time than winner viewed  only to lose the race by the flare of a nostril .
â€“ the field covered the 2400 metres in 2 . 29 . 70 with the last 600 run in 36 . 82 seconds . viewed ran the fastest last 600 of the race in 35 . 96 seconds .
think big lumped 58 . 5 kilograms to win the 1975 melbourne cup and viewed is likely to carry that weight or even 59 kilograms in 17 days as his win yesterday is certain to attract a penalty .
when told of the anomaly yesterday , 81 - year - old cummings , who claimed his 12th cup with viewed ' s victory , said :
oh , that ' s all too technical for me .
fifty years since he saddled his first melbourne cup runner , cummings unleashed viewed on an unsuspecting audience of flemington racegoers and casual observers around the country and then stood modest and unassuming in victory to accept the adulation .
letâ€™s elope was cummingsâ€™ last caulfield cup winner in 1991 but the training legend can thank a sublime ride from brad rawiller to register his seventh caulfield cup success with viewed getting home in front of the stablemate roman emperor .
but the official timings told a different story . according to microchips inserted into the saddle cloths on all the gallopers , bauer travelled the course in 3 minutes , 20 . 40 seconds  with viewed one hundredth of a second behind .
after racing midfield as the aiden o ' brien - trained alessandro volta set a hot pace , viewed - a 45 - 1 roughie on the tote - moved into the race on the turn and took over with 300 metres to travel .
remarkably , viewed ' s owner dato tan chin nam has won four melbourne cups , but a gold caulfield cup had eluded him until yesterday . ' ' he felt left out , so i had to do something about it , ' ' cummings quipped .
viewed ( brad rawiller ) 57kg ( $ 13 ) defeated roman emperor ( hugh bowman ) 54kg ( $ 15 ) by 2 - 1 / 4 lengths with a half - length back to vigor ( corey brown ) 51kg ( $ 15 ) in third place .
with the winning post in sight , bauer , piloted by corey brown , broke free of the pack to mount a challenge worthy of victory but , just when it appeared as if bauer would run down the frontrunner , viewed kicked again and held out by a nose .
after yesterday ' s victory with topweight of 57 kilograms , viewed is now likely to be forced to either match or better the weight - carrying effort of cummings ' dual melbourne cup winner of the 1970s , think big , if he is to complete the cups double at flemington .
the luca cumani trained - bauer emerged from the pack to challenge and looked set to get to him but under hard riding from shinn , viewed held on to win by a nose . the john sadler - trained c ' est la guerre ran on well two lengths further back in third position .
viewed entered the cup with a patchy preparation - 10th in the caulfield cup a fortnight ago and then last in the mackinnon stakes at flemington last saturday . not even the cummings connection could keep him in the market as money tumbled out for mad rush , bauer ' s stablemate , which started favourite .
cummings ' achievement yesterday was not just confined to the winner viewed . he became only the third trainer to win a melbourne cup one year and a caulfield cup the next year - the first since rising fast in 1954 - 55 - and went close to equalling one of phar lap ' s records .
the difference came about because the timing devices are in the saddles , whereas the judges decide who has won the race by which horse ' s head crosses the line first : sadly our guy is a bit smaller than viewed ,
explained simon o ' donnell , one of bauer ' s owners .
while bauer stands at a diminutive 15 hands 3 inches , which means he is 1 . 6 metres from the ground to his withers , viewed is 16 hands .
in racing they say millimetres can mean millions and i guess what happened to bauer proves it ,
said o ' donnell , a former australian cricketer .
bauer , the only european horse to stay the test , gave himself every chance to run down viewed and failed by the smallest of margins , leaving trainer luca cumani to ponder another tilt . last year he was second with purple moon and , in the sprint to the post , the english - based italian must have thought he was going to go one better .
luca cumani came agonisingly close to winning the melbourne cup but , for the second year in a row , came up short as his bauer was beaten in a photo by the 40 - 1 shot viewed . the winner gave famed australian trainer bart cummings , who will be 81 next week , a record 12th success in the race , which no other trainer has won more than five times .
trainer lee freedman did not have a runner yesterday but watched the race with much interest . freedman , who has won four caulfield cups and has one of the favourites for the melbourne cup in speed gifted , said all plaudits should go to the winner : ' ' the measure in handicaps is always exactly that . viewed was no . 1 and topweight and they couldn ' t beat him . ' '
this melbourne cup victory sealed legendary trainer bart cummings in the history books with his 12 th triumph at flemington ; it was shinn’s first cup win . one of the closest finishes in the race’s history , requiring a photo finish to seek out the champion . five - year - old viewed , seen as the long shot of the race , was found to have won by a nose over the english bauer after improving his position and leading from the 350 metre mark .
this was the most publicized tour we ever took and one of the most successful from the standpoint of the number of viewers and the number of objects viewed , even from the standpoint of the number and size of the telescopes . so many people saw things through so many large telescopes that it elicited a great deal of comment . many wanted to know where to find us again and several people said that looking through the telescopes had been the highlight of their trip .
cups king bart cummings lived up to his nickname when he claimed his seventh caulfield cup courtesy of melbourne cup hero viewed today . brilliantly ridden by brad rawiller , who notched his first win in the time - honoured race , viewed settled near the tail of the field early but came through along the rails in the straight to comfortably account for stablemate roman emperor and vigor . it was cummings ' seventh caulfield cup win and came 18 years after his last , let ' s elope . the master trainer had previously won the 2400m group 1 feature with galilee ( 1966 ) , big philou ( 1969 ) , leilani ( 1974 ) and ming dynasty in 1977 and 1980 . asked what it took to be so successful in the $ 2 . 5 million race , cummings said :
just a good horse , a few of them .
it was cummings ' 255th group 1 success .
he ' s a very good rider ,
cummings said of rawiller .
he took the short cuts .
rawiller was ecstatic after the race .
i had a lot of confidence coming into this week ,
he said .
it ' s easy to do when you ' ve got bart cummings as the trainer .
it was viewed ' s first win since his melbourne cup victory last year and took his record to 32 starts for nine wins and six placings and prizemoney in excess of $ 5 . 7 million . aap
cumani also fielded the more fancied mad rush in his attempt to improve on the second place achieved by his purple moon last year , but the 4 - 1 shot could only plug on at one pace into seventh . meanwhile , bauer , who had been held up at the back alongside his stablemate , flew down the outside and looked the likely winner but was beaten by a nose . gamblers on the betfair website were so sure he would win that viewed was on offer at 10 - 1 as he passed the post in front .
the favourite mad rush settled back in the field and ran on fairly without ever looking a winning chance . at the presentation , cummings said it was great to see an australian horse win the melbourne cup as the international raiders again threatened to take home the trophy .
it ' s great to see the aussies succeed , not only in racing but in cricket ,
cummings said , in reference to his horse edging out english horse bauer .
but i really thought it would have been a dead heat .
where they finished : 1 . viewed 2 . bauer 3 . c ' est la guerre 4 . master o ' reilly 5 . profound beauty 6 . moatize 7 . mad rush 8 . nom du jeu 9 . zipping 10 . newport 11 . ice chariot 12 . guyno 13 . littorio 14 . varevees 15 . boundless 16 . red lord 17 . prize lady 18 . septimus 19 . barbaricus 20 . alessandro volta 21 . honolulu ( last ) gallopin failed to finish - with scott spits
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the age : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from melbourne ' s leading newspaper . skip directly to : search box , section navigation , content . text version .
the age : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from melbourne ' s leading newspaper .
the two horses flashed past the post together on tuesday and were separated only after stewards studied a high - resolution image that showed bart cummings ' runner just millimetres ahead on the line .
the times recorded are accurate , with the microchips sending a signal to a cable placed under the track at 200 - metre intervals .
the difference was $ 2 , 465 , 000 , with prize money of $ 3 . 3 million for the winner and $ 835 , 000 for second .
but we were all delighted with the way he ran and it was a massive thrill to get so close ,
o ' donnell said .
francesca cumani , who oversaw bauer ' s preparation following his arrival from england five weeks ago , was philosophical .
i guess if we come back next year we ' ll have to bring horses with long necks and big heads ,
she joked .
a similar case arose at the 1988 cup , when natski , a small bay , was pipped by new zealand giant empire rose . the photo finish showed natski ' s rump ahead of empire rose ' s , but the mare ' s long neck got her over the line .
tuesday ' s result could at least bring a new variant on an old joke .
a horse walks into a bar and the bartender says ,
why the long face ?
answer : to win the melbourne cup .
when news happens : send photos , videos & tip - offs to 0406 the age ( 0406 843 243 ) , or us .
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the sydney morning herald : national , world , business , entertainment , sport and technology news from australia ' s leading newspaper . skip directly to : search box , section navigation , content . text version .
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racing identity emma freedman visits those enjoying the plush surrounds of the birdcage at this year ' s melbourne cup .
take a look at the best fashion on display at this year ' s competition .
the melbourne cup has been run and won with the foreign invasion repelled for another year . and who better to do it than the master himself , the man of the magical twirling eyebrows , cup king bart cummings ?
i do make it a habit of winning this race , someone told me and i said it ' s a good habit to get into ,
cummings said .
emotional ?
not really ,
cummings said .
it happens to be a nice win , that ' s all . it ' s nice to win a race that everyone in australia wants to win , particularly my owners .
the best in the world - including the best stayer in europe , septimus , prepared by the best trainer in the world , aidan o ' brien - weren ' t good enough to unseat cummings who claimed an unprecedented dozen . imagine how long it might take for that record to be broken .
geez , he ' s the master , bart cummings . you just can ' t underestimate him ,
said winning jockey blake shinn .
the jockey was yearning for the post to save him and worried , in those final few seconds , that he might have run too early .
to win the melbourne cup for a living legend in the sport is a great honour and i thank him very much for giving me the opportunity ,
shinn said .
i can ' t believe it . it ' s one of the greatest moments in sport , to be able to ride the melbourne cup winner .
i ' m just speechless . i ' m going to cry .
offices and pubs stopped for the running of the cup ; even the pokies had a brief pause in clubland . as much as the australian public enjoy the first tuesday in november , the australian racing fraternity has largely given up on breeding and preparing the quality of staying horse needed to compete with the best in europe over 3200 metres .
third was c ' est la guerre , prepared by the lloyd williams camp which carried off last year ' s cup with efficient .
even further back - so far back you have to wonder whether they left their form in singapore - came the trio prepared by o ' brien . alessandra volta had raced to the front the first time the field passed the winning post and septimus , the top weight , went along for the ride . given every chance to dictate race terms , septimus was carried into the home straight and briefly led before fading badly , along with alessandra volta and honolulu .
this is my fourth win . i have enough . i ' m happy not to win any more ,
said dato tan chin nam , not that he would complain if another were to come his way .
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they saved their money with a view to being able to buy a house someday .
urltoken unabridged based on the random house unabridged dictionary , © random house , inc . 2018
them with tolerance until they were found out , when it raised its hands .
collins english dictionary - complete & unabridged 2012 digital edition © william collins sons & co . ltd . 1979 , 1986 © harpercollins publishers 1998 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2012
early 14c . ,
formal inspection or survey
( of land ) ; mid - 14c . ,
visual perception ,
from anglo - french
) . sense of
manner of regarding something
first recorded early 15c . meaning
sight or prospect of a landscape , etc .
is recorded from c . 1600 .
see bird ' s eye view ; in ( view ) the light of ; in view ; on view ; point of view ; take a dim view ; with a view to .
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the win also gave cummings , who started training in 1953 , his 250th group one victory .
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the 2001 to 2010 melbourne cup winners list is dominated by one name – makybe diva . she managed to take the race three times consecutively from 2003 to 2005 , finishing well ahead of the competition . this melbourne cup era had many interesting quirks , with a five year stretch where no stallion took the race . also , the first win for a full horse in this period was in 2006 , and it went to a japanese horse for the first time , delta blues . the 2010 melbourne cup also marks the 150th running , an impressive milestone for any horse race .
the new zealand bred , owned and trained mare , whose name is greek for ‘upper air’ , secured a historic double win in 2001 . ethereal became only the third mare , and eleventh horse , to win both the caulfield and melbourne cups in the same year .
with a late burst on the track , the four - year - old stole the lead from give the slip , winning by three - quarters of a length . trainer sheila laxon also hit the record books with the win as the first woman to officially train a melbourne cup winner .
ethereal went on to win the 2001 - 2002 champion stayer in the australian horse of the year awards .
the 2002 cup was an easy win for media puzzle . the strong gelding accelerated forward on the final 400 metres of the race , beating mr prudent by two lengths , landing a bittersweet victory for jockey damien oliver , whose brother was killed in a track accident the week before the race .
media puzzle was only the second european horse to win the cup , europe’s first win since 1993 . he was voted as the 2002 - 2003 champion stayer in the australian horse of the year awards .
in front of the largest crowd recorded at flemington , an amazing 122 , 736 people , makbye diva raced to melbourne cup victory in her first of three straight wins at the carnival . the first cup success for trainer david hall , makbye diva and her jockey glen boss charged down the straight entertaining the crowd with a clear and decisive win .
only the fifth horse in history to win dual melbourne cups , makybe diva positioned herself as one of the finest staying mares of all time . fighting against the heavy rain , she gave trainer lee freedman his fourth cup victory , after also triumphing at the sydney cup and placing second in the caulfield cup .
makybe diva became the first horse to win three successive melbourne cups after taking victory in 2005 at flemington . it was also a record breaker for jockey glen boss , who became the first to win three cups in a row also . winning with 58kg she broke her own weight carrying record for a mare . since described as ‘the best since phar lap’ , this race and makybe diva will be remembered forever by all those who saw the incredible victory .
all sorts of excitement surrounded the 2006 melbourne cup , as six - year - old delta blues became the first japanese raider to take victory in the race’s 146 th year . delta blues’ win for trainer katsuhiko sumii was even sweeter as his other horse pop rock landed second on the day . this significant 1 - 2 finish was only the ninth time a single trainer had two horses feature in the quinella at a melbourne cup . delta blues was only the third cup winner at the time not prepared in australia or new zealand , showing his stamina taking and keeping the lead over his stable mate pop rock .
efficient took out the 2007 melbourne cup , overtaking purple moon on the straight to beat him to the line by half a length at flemington . showing great speed and stamina , after racing the widest on the outside of the track , efficient surged forward from 12 th place to take the lead in the last few metres .
this was the first group one victory for the black beauty , and a great comeback after having been scratched from the previous year’s race . no horse since phar lap did as efficient , claiming melbourne cup victory a year after winning the victoria derby .
the 2009 melbourne cup saw shocking live up to his name as he pulled off a victory that hardly anyone saw coming . while the prior favourites for the race languished in the middle and rear , shocking kept pace about three back until the final stretch . a strong run home gave shocking the victory over irish raiders crime scene and mourilyan .
about the race this was the 150th anniversary of the melbourne cup . americain , a french trained horse , had only one other start at the geelong cup , which he won . so you think had won two cox plates prior to the race and went in as a strong favourite . second - placed maluckyday had not had many starts , but had seen victory in the lexus stakes .
the race was run in less than ideal conditions , with fairly persistent rain affecting the track , causing it to be rated a slow ( 6 ) . the rain was so heavy that one of the nearby carparks had to be closed due to flooding . only 5 of the 24 starters were bred in australia . gai waterhouse’s descarado was injured during the race , and was officially retired twelve months later when the injury was perceived to have not healed satisfactorily .
emerging sprinting star nature strip is odds on to stake a claim for the $ 13m . . .
cambridge trainer tony pike is considering a spring carnival campaign for the . . .
cranbourne trainer richard laming will be chasing more rain affected tracks in . . .
the darren weir trained brave smash has been selected to race in chris waller . . .
three times group 1 winner santa ana lane will fill the slot owned by inglis . . .
head trainer david hayes has nominated the two year old good ‘n’ fast as . . .
lindsay park’s head trainer david hayes is not ruling out the chances of all . . .
egg tart wins p . j . o’shea stakes : caulfield cup 2018 spring target
urltoken is here to provide you with the best coverage of horse racing from across australia and around the world , including the melbourne cup and spring racing carnival .
newmarket - based cumani put a brave face on bauer ' s defeat in the closest finish the cup has ever produced .
we are getting closer ,
he said ,
and , although it is frustrating to be beaten so narrowly , on the other hand he has run a great race . he had a good run home and we are very proud of him .
cummings , who has courted controversy by arguing that the number of foreign - trained runners should be limited , was in more magnanimous mood after the race .
i feel very sorry for luca cumani ,
he said ,
but it ' s great to see the aussies succeed . i thought it might have been a dead heat , it was that close .
cumani will surely have fewer regrets than irish trainer aidan o ' brien , whose three runners all contributed to a furious pace before dropping back through the field to finish 18th , 20th and 21st of 22 runners . two of them , the favourite septimus and honolulu , came back lame .
o ' brien was later called back from the airport by the stewards to explain the poor performances of his charges .
they didn ' t run within stones of what they were ,
he said .
the reason — if we did the wrong thing in quarantine , whether we travelled them wrong , whether we should have run them when they were over . there ' s a lot of things . there ' s a lot we have to learn . that ' s putting it mildly .
dermot weld ' s profound beauty finished fifth . the irishman remains the only trainer to have won the melbourne cup from a base in the northern hemisphere , a feat he pulled off with both vintage crop ( 1993 ) and media puzzle ( 2002 ) .
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the son of scenic improved quickly to be within striking distance on the home turn before being held up behind stablemates roman emperor and allez wonder .
â€œhe followed the rail around and beat my own horse , â€ cummings said . â€œit was nice to win a caulfield cup for ( dato ) chin nam . heâ€™s won three or four melbourne cups now he has a caulfield cup . â€
viewedâ€™s win was the first time since rising fast in 1955 a melbourne cup winner has returned the following year to win the caulfield cup .
the caulfield cup was rawillerâ€™s second major win of the year after taking out the golden slipper aboard phelan ready in april .
â€œi have to say this is a much bigger thrill than the golden slipper , â€ he said . â€œto win a caulfield cup for bart is one of the best feelings a jockey can have . â€
the danny oâ€™brien - trained vigor boxed on well to take third spot , a long neck in front of daffodil .
the $ 7 favourite predatory pricer endured a horror caulfield cup , being stuck three and four wide for the entire race from his outside gate before finishing 12th .
the international challenge petered out quickly with both kirklees and cima de triomphe dropping out of contention before the home turn .
kirklees rallied late to finish seventh while cima de triomphe hit the line in 13th place .
had support in the betting ring , firming from $ 14 to $ 13 .
eased from $ 14 to $ 15 . kirklees eased from $ 8 to $ 9 . 50 and
was the big firmer on - track , tightening from $ 8 to $ 7 . the market closed at 114 percent .
just horse racing provides readers with the best free bet offers available at every online bookmaker in australia during the . . .
pivotal information in queensland racing integrity commission’s case against ben currie and four of his stable employees has emerged . cctv . . .
an international group one winner looks set to take on winx in the 2018 cox plate with confirmation that godolphin - owned benbatl . . .
despite winning the ar crewswick series final at flemington , boom colt nature strip has drifted in the everest betting . nature . . .
last years vrc oaks winner pinot has been sold to overseas interests and is unlikely to race again in australia . . . .
michelle payne has been fined over comments she made about the state of the sandown track on wednesday . the melbourne . . .
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a new dinosaur has been discovered . but did it walk on two legs or four ?
the caulfield cup horses had not even pulled up yesterday when bart cummings went to work on winning a 13th melbourne cup .
' ' i thought he was pretty lucky . got a lucky rails run , ' ' he said .
but while it was a moment for all those at caulfield to savor , cummings , who turns 82 in less than a month , was doing his best to talk it all down .
none of cummings ' other winners has been forced to carry more to win australia ' s greatest race .
' ' he should get maybe half a kilo , ' ' he suggested . ' ' maybe one at worst , ' ' he added before conceding : ' ' the handicapper is always there to beat you . ' '
the last caulfield cup winner not to receive a penalty was cummings ' great galloper , ming dynasty , in 1980 .
only one horse - master o ' reilly , 1 . 5 kilograms in 2007 - has received less than a two - kilogram penalty . but only a week earlier he gained the same penalty for both cups for winning the herbert power handicap .
cummings was three years old when phar lap became the only ajc derby winner to go on to win a melbourne cup the following season . cummings has won five ajc derbys himself and not one of his four previous winners - ivory ' s irish ( 1995 ) , beau zam ( 1988 ) , prolific ( 1984 ) or belmura lad ( 1977 ) - ever made it to a melbourne cup .
tan , who has been a client of cummings ' for almost 40 years , was at home in malaysia yesterday but his australian manager , duncan ramage was on the phone to the millionaire minutes after the race . ' ' he was very happy . he ' ll be here for the melbourne cup , ' ' he said .
the bad news for those trainers plotting revenge in the melbourne cup was that chief steward terry bailey reported that the race had no hard luck stories and was one of the cleaner caulfield cups in many years .
the only blemish on the race was the $ 3000 fine handed out to chris munce for two charges of over - using the whip . he was found to have hit the new zealand mare daffodil 16 times between the 300 - metre mark and the 100 - metre mark .
he then hit the mare eight successive times from the 100 metres to the winning post .
supermodels miranda kerr and megan gale joined in the fashion and frolics at caulfield .
miscellaneous the melbourne cup winning combination of blake shinn and bart cummings will be back in force at canterbury on wednesday as the hoop returns to sydney .
miscellaneous seven - time caulfield cup winning trainer bart cummings believes he ' ll saddle up the forgotten horse in saturday ' s edition of the group i staying feature .
topics cover : attempting to peek behind the curtain of death . how to overcome the fear of death . what actually happens at the point of transition from life , to death , to heaven ? your first hour in glory : what will heaven be like ? the descent into gloom : what will hell be like ? is god in control of how and when you die ? suicide and the christian . how to have complete assurance you are going to heaven .
copyright : 1998 , number of programs : 8 , cat . no . el
fear of death , ascent into glory , 1 cor . 3 : 22 , heb 2 : 15 , 1 john 3 : 8
john , i just marvel at the fact that there are many people who do not pay attention nor do they seriously think or plan about death . yet the fact is that it is inevitable ; absolutely inevitable . we will die and we don’t know when . today we’re going to talk about death , which , incidentally , came into the world when adam and eve sinned . they died spiritually . they were dying physically after they sinned . and , of course , they also were dying eternally . but god rescued them from eternal death .
now , physically , all of us are in a state of decline . we are all dying . well , if you were with us last time , you know that we stressed the gloomy side of death . we talked about sheol and hades . and in a future program we’re going to talk about hell , but for now , we want to talk about the ascent into glory .
you know , when you stop to think of it and you get some perspective , you realize that death really is something that is wonderful for the christian . i know that on this side of the grave it’s not wonderful ; but on the other side of the grave , it is . i have often marveled at that passage in corinthians where the apostle paul says to the people , he says , “all things are yours ; whether paul , … or cephas , … or whether life or death . ” [ 1 cor . 3 : 21 - 22 ] i thought about that and asked myself , what did paul mean that death was the possession of the christian ? then i realized , you know , that even in the days of persecution when the pagans were able to take everything from the christians .
they stripped them of their wealth , of their health , and of their very life . but you know , those early christians , bless them , they used to say , “there’s one thing that the pagans cannot take from us , and that is death . in fact , they may hasten our death and death is the possession of every single christian . ”
so , i want us to think differently about it . if you’ve believed in jesus christ as your savior , the scripture says that he came to “destroy the works of the devil” [ 1 john 3 : 8 ; heb . 2 : 14 ] and catch this , now , “to deliver those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage . ” [ heb . 2 : 15 ]
one day i was eating with a widow . she was terrified of death , just thinking about it all the time , fearful that she might not wake up in the morning . well , i know that death has its fears , obviously , but jesus came to deliver us from the bondage of that fear .
founder and president of the john ankerberg show , the most - watched christian worldview show in america .
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according to this data about 17 million people saw the 2001 daytona 500 , the race where dale earnhardt was killed in a crash . it happened in the last lap , so probably a lot of those people were watching at the time .
hadn ' t thought about it . i would think you are right . i was watching it too .
well . . . how we didn ' t see the death per say but . . . how about the falling man from 9 / 11 ? few days after the attack i remember seeing that picture everywhere , news , i ' m the press , people even talked about it in the radio .
otherwise . . . any death during a major competition like / u / ehowie60 said or something like that . after all , mass media is relativity new , so old events may have been seen talked about ( like jfk ' s assassination ) very few saw it live
now op was quite unspecific with what execution or tragic events will matter . we never
saw
their death by our own eyes , we only saw the explosion that led to their death . never the death itself .
but yeah , many people were watching that event as well as recorded videos .
i think the assumption would be how many witnessed it as it occurred . there were a relatively small number of witnesses to jfk ' s death .
i see . i was thinking of all the times the zapruder film has been seen .
plus the movie jfk grossed over $ 70 million as well . they used the footage in there too .
/ r / history is a place for discussions about history . feel free to submit interesting articles , tell us about this cool book you just read , or start a discussion about who everyone ' s favorite figure of minor french nobility is !
conor burns , a conservative mp who visited lady thatcher on a weekly basis in her final years , said she would have been pleased they felt
so strongly
about her .
he said that when he told her that
death packs
including commemorative t - shirts had been sold at the tuc congress last year she saw them as a tribute .
he said :
funnily enough the parties that we ' re seeing , the things in some of these mining communities and those young people opening the champagne in glasgow , they ' re a remarkable tribute to her you know .
i remember telling her last year about the tuc congress selling the thatcher death party packs .
she said the fact that they felt so strongly about her more than 20 years after she left downing street was a tribute to the fact she had done something in politics rather than simply been someone .
seven police officers were injured in a scuffle at a street party in bristol celebrating the death of baroness thatcher , with people carrying banners which said :
let ' s see the evil tory off in style . . . may she never ever rip .
other parties to
celebrate
the death of the former prime minister were held in brixton , south london , and glasgow .
a senior labour source said :
ed miliband categorically condemns any celebration of lady thatcher ' s death . as he made clear yesterday she was a huge figure in british politics and on the world stage .
while the labour party disagrees with much of what she did , we can respect her personal achievements .
mr burns said she told him that she
could not imagine anything worse
than the iron lady , the 2011 film about her which starred meryl streep .
mr burns told sky news :
i went from leicester square to watch the iron lady to chester square to have a gin and tonic and see lady t . i told her , i ' ve just seen a film about you .