the ring-necked dove ( streptopelia capicola ) , also known as the cape turtle dove or half-collared dove , is a widespread and often abundant dove species in east and southern africa .

it is a mostly sedentary bird , found in a catholic variety of open habitats .

within range , its penetrating and rhythmic , three-syllabled crooning is a familiar sound at any time of the year .

its name is derived from the semi-collar of black feathers on the lower nape , a feature shared with a number of streptopelia species .

like all doves they depend on surface water .

they congregate in large flocks at waterholes in dry regions to drink and bathe .

ring - necked dove

ring - necked dove personality , food & care | pet birds by lafeber co .
in a more elaborate study , swedish scientists studied wild ring - necked pheasants .
and the introduced species : chukar , gray partridge , ring - necked pheasant , green pheasant , kalij pheasant , chestnut - bellied sandgrouse , eurasian collared dove , ring - necked dove , lace - necked dove , zebra dove , spotted dove , rock dove , japanese quail , gray francolin , black francolin , erckel’s francolin .
these general facts about pigeons are certainly interesting , but not specific to the ring - necked dove . the most interesting thing i know about ring - necked doves in particular , is that in some areas of uganda
the five golden rings in the song refer not to jewelry , but to ring - necked pheasants .
this species is very similar to the damara ring - necked dove , streptopelia capicola , but can be distinguished by its red orbital ring , which is clearly visible in the photograph above .
so , hope that ' s something interesting about ring - necked doves . baglafecht weavers are next . . .
honolulu zoo , 2002 .
ring - necked or barbary dove
( on - line ) . accessed july 30 , 2002 at urltoken .
the ringneck dove is only found in captivity , but is believed to be a descendant of the african ring dove .
millburn , naomi .
what do ring - necked doves love to eat ?
accessed july 09 , 2018 . urltoken
like the canada goose and ring - necked parakeet , it is an alien invader , albeit one of a much earlier vintage .
2 . there are several species of african doves that look very similar to the collared dove , including the ring - necked , red - eyed and african mourning doves .
ring - necked doves ( streptopelia risoria ) are domesticated birds that originally hail from arid and grassy areas in africa . many ring - necked doves reside in captive settings , where they often feed on diets centered around pellets . they ' re also commonly referred to as barbary doves .
this is rocky a ring necked dove at the willowbrook wildlife center . it ' s been a while since i last visited willowbrook and it seems that rocky is welcoming me back .
dove fanciers around the world commonly keep the
ringneck dove
. the
ring neck dove
was first described in 1758 . it is also known as the barbary dove , java or sacred white dove ( white color phase ) and laughing dove . in the circle of dove / pigeon fanciers when the term
ring neck
is used , most know which specie is being referred to .
when you first bring a ring - necked dove into your life , make sure not to transition him into any new food abruptly . speak to the breeder from which you acquired the dove and begin by feeding the same meals that are familiar to your new pet . when you introduce new sustenance to your ring - necked dove , go about it in a slow and measured manner . ring - necked doves often thrive on diets that are based on either pellets or seeds . speak to an avian veterinarian regarding selecting pellets or seeds that are designed specifically for dove consumption . never feed your dove any foods that are tailored to other types of birds .
ring - necked doves are about 12 inches in length and are a soft fawn color with a distinctive black ring around the back of the neck . the feet are pinkish - red , and the beak and eye are brown .
this is an african mourning dove , streptopelia decipiens , a widespread and common species in arid and semi - arid regions of southern africa . this species is very similar to the damara ring - necked dove , streptopelia capicola , but can be distinguished by its red orbital ring , which is clearly visible in the photograph above .
the ring - necked dove is great for someone who wants a bird but has fussy neighbors who won’t accept a parrot screeching all day . ring - necked doves sound similar to pigeons in their cooing , and though they are not loud , they can be persistent . some people find the noise soothing , while others will be annoyed at their cooing diligence — they rarely cease .
the ring - necked dove is widespread and common throughout its large range in sub - saharan africa and there are no immediate threats to the species . it is listed as least concern on the iucn red list .
african mourning dove , streptopelia decipiens , also known as the mourning collared - dove , mourning dove , angola collared - dove , and simply as the collared dove , photographed at tarangire national park , tanzania , africa .
i had a shetland pony named dapple , an english setter named freckles , a siamese cat named d . c . and at one time , up to 25 ring - necked doves .
other synonyms afrikaans : gewone tortelduif catalan : tórtora del cap czech : hrdlicka damarská , hrdlička damarská danish : savanneskoggerdue german : gurrtaube , kapturteltaube english : cape collared - dove , cape ring dove , cape turtle dove , cape turtle - dove , damara dove , dark - eyed rink dove , ring necked dove , ring - necked dove , ring - necked turtle - dove english ( kenya ) : ring - necked dove english ( south africa ) : cape turtle - dove spanish : tórtola de el cabo spanish ( spain ) : tórtola del cabo estonian : savanni - turteltuvi finnish : arotunturikyyhky , aroturturikyyhky french : tourterelle du cap , tourterelle vineuse hungarian : fokföldi gerle italian : tortora dal collare del capo , tortora del capo japanese : afurikajuzukakebato japanese : アフリカジュズカケバト kwangali : haikonda latin : columbam vinaceam var . capicolam [ sic ] , streptopelia capicola , streptopelia capicola capicola lithuanian : kapinis purplelis dutch : kaapse tortel norwegian : savannedue sotho , northern : leaba kgorwana polish : synogarlica popielata portuguese : rola do cabo , rola do cabo . , rola - do - cabo , rola - do - cabo . russian : южноафриканская горлица slovak : hrdlička hrkútavá shona : njiva siswant : lituba sotho , southern : leebana - khoroana swedish : kapturturduva swahili : hua koge , tetere tswana : leeba tsonga : tuva xhosa : ihobe chinese : 环颈斑鸠 chinese ( traditional ) : 環頸斑鳩 zulu : ihophe
a large dove , larger and heftier than a mourning dove but smaller than a rock pigeon .
the white dove , sacred white dove , or java dove are a white mutation of the ringneck dove . like the other ringnecks , they are only known to exist as a domesticated bird .
as with most pets , occasional treats can sometimes be good for ring - necked doves . ring - necked doves adore eating some foods that are made for people . it ' s crucial to only give people foods once in a while , in moderation , however . if you put the food in a spoon , it should usually be an appropriate amount . get your vet ' s approval before feeding your dove any treats made for people . some of their loved
people treats
are steamed rice , sweet potatoes , sliced veggies such as carrots , cottage cheese and hard - boiled eggs . not all of these things are instant successes with ring - necked doves , but the birds usually rapidly develop tastes for them . outside of people food , ring - necked doves also often are fond of munching on mealworms .
what country has no native dove species ? all countries and continents have dove species except the antarctic .
this species is named for the faint hint of red on its belly that has got to be one of the most obscure field marks ever used to name a bird i also have same complaint about the ring - necked duck , whose neck - ring is only visible to those with x - ray vision .
this dove is especially tame and well - liked by aviculturalists . this dove does not adversely affect humans .
de kort , s . r . , den hartog , p . m . & ten cate , c . ( 2002b ) . vocal signals , isolation and hybridization in the vinaceous dove ( streptopelia vinacea ) and the ring - necked dove ( s - capicola ) . behavioral ecology and sociobiology 51 , 378 - 385 .
like the ring - necked members of the karen tribe when trotted out for tourists , the women must know their appearance will invite as much horror as fascination , but their sacrifice helps save others from a similar fate .
several on this list—green pheasant , kalij pheasant , chestnut - bellied sandgrouse , lace - necked dove , zebra dove , japanese quail , gray francolin , black francolin , erckel’s francolin—might be met with a huh ? from wingshooters .
de kort , s . r . , den hartog , p . m . & ten cate , c . ( 2002a ) . diverge or merge ? the effect of sympatric occurrence on the territorial vocalizations of the vinaceous dove streptopelia vinacea and the ring - necked dove s . capicola . journal of avian biology 33 , 150 - 158 .
male ring ouzels are particularly distinctive with their black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band .
even konrad lorenz was appalled when , hoping to breed a cross between a turtledove and a ring - necked dove , he put these two symbols of peace together in a spacious cage , only to find two days later that the female had flayed the male within an inch of his life .
there can be no confusion between the two species , s decaocto and s . semitorquata , they are totally different looking from each other ( specie comparison ) . size is also quite different , with the half - collared / red - eyed dove being the largest of all the
ring - necked species
. the s . decaocto also has a unique voice and calls ;
spikes
on the underside of the tail ; these two facets are not found in any other ring - necked dove species . click the link for a pic of tail spikes unique to s . decaocto .
millburn , naomi .
what do ring - necked doves love to eat ?
animals - urltoken , http : / / animals . urltoken / ringnecked - doves - love - eat - 11063 . html . accessed 09 july 2018 .
in the days of pigeon / dove expert c . o . whitman ( 1832 - 1910 ) the
blond ring neck
and
white ring neck
were thought to be two different species / races of dove . they were even given separate latin names ; the
blond
was streptopelia risoria and the
white
was streptopelia alba .
when you think of the term ' dove ' you think of the white dove . the white dove has been one of the most universal symbols of love and peace throughout history !
these doves are also known as barbary doves , java doves , or eurasian collard - doves to some , although these , like the name
ringed turtle - dove
are misnomers ( goodwin 1983 ) . some aviculturalists simply refer to these doves as ring - necked doves ( honolulu zoo 2002 ) .
millburn , naomi . ( n . d . ) . what do ring - necked doves love to eat ? animals - urltoken . retrieved from http : / / animals . urltoken / ringnecked - doves - love - eat - 11063 . html
the collared dove is small , slim dove with quite a long tail - it is much smaller than a wood pigeon .
the ring - necked dove is the most commonly kept companion bird of the dove family , and can be found easily due to their prolific breeding . in fact , you might have a hard time keeping them from breeding . because they are so hardy , they make a good choice for someone who doesn’t have the time to devote to a more attention - demanding bird .
miller , w . j . ; miller , l . s . 1958 . synopsis of behaviour traits of the ring neck dove . animal behaviour 6 : 3 - 8 . urltoken
the white dove , sacred white dove , or java dove is the most historically described dove from noah through today . we often see it used today as an emblem in peace negotiations . we also commonly see it used in weddings to symbolize love .
8 ) shutt , george j . , dove talk , 1993 , pp . 18 ( available through the american dove association )
decaocto ) and ring - necked dove s ( s . capicola ) . these slim - bodied , fast - flying gamebirds are found throughout the temperate and tropical old world . the ringed turtledove , or ringdove , is a domestic variant of s . turtur that now has feral new world populations in california and florida ; it is sometimes given species…
whats the difference between a dove and a pigeon ? the term dove and pigeon are one and the same and are used interchangeably . the word pigeon usually denotes a larger bird and dove a smaller bird .
what is a mule dove ? a mule dove is the offspring of parents from different species . these doves are sterile ( mules ) .
what are turtle doves ? turtle doves belong to a large group of doves so designated by a ring or collar around the neck . most turtle doves belong to the family streptopelia ( not all ) . the common domestic ringnecked or barbary dove belongs to the turtle dove family .
( 6 ) lockhard , bob , ringneck dove colors , 1999 , second edition , pp . 22 , ( available through the american dove association )
the ring - necked dove or cape turtle dove ( streptopelia capicola ) is a common and widespread species of dove in sub - saharan africa . colors are dull brown to grey , with the upperparts darker than the rest of the body . underparts are paler and turns whitish on the belly . it is similar to many related species with half - collars on the neck , but can be distinguished from other species from its tell - tale call often heard early in the morning in many african reserves as a repeated “ kuk - coorrrr - uk “ , often interpreted to sound like “work harder” or “how’s father” . shares much of its range with the larger red - eyed dove ( streptopelia semitorquata ) , and can be separated by the size difference , as well as having a lighter coloration and no red eye . the ring - necked dove grows to lengths around 25–26 . 5 cm ( 9 . 8–10 . 4 in ) and weighs 92–188 g ( 3 . 2–6 . 6 oz ) .
in the 1800 ' s & early 1900 ' s the ringneck dove and the white dove were considered to be two different species / races of dove due to the difference in their coloration . they were labeled the
blond ringneck
) and it ' s actually this distinctive song that is the easiest way to identify the species from among a number of confusingly similar species . the ring - necked dove is a medium sized , grey dove . it has a black collar around the back of its neck and is a paler grey white below , with pale edges to its tail . unfortunately , that description is would cover just about any of the close relatives of this species , and ( as well as listening to the calls ) you need to look rather closer to identify the species correctly . firstly , look at the eye : if it is dark and not obviously surrounded by bare skin , you ' re probably looking at a ring - necked dove . white ( not grey ) edges to the tail and a generally pale grey would confirm the identity in eastern and southern africa . if the eye is pale yellowish , with a red ring around it and there ' s a warmer brownish wash to the back and neck that contrasts with a grey head , you ' re probably looking at an african mourning dove (
the ring - necked pheasant was introduced into north america ( california ) from asia in 1857 and quickly became a popular game bird . the ring - necked pheasant is resident on most mid - latitude agricultural lands from british columbia and california to new jersey and nova scotia . also introduced into hawaii and every continent except antarctica . pheasants practice
harem - defense polygyny
where one male keeps other males away from a small group of females during the breeding season . across the native range , about 34 races of the species are recognized . the green pheasant race is sometimes considered a different species . multiple introductions of different races have been made in north america .
the much larger population of ring - necked parakeets – a familiar sight in south - west london and found as far north as the clyde – is harder to control , since it is so well - established , though the gb non - native species secretariat a sort of biological border patrol advocates limiting its numbers and is investigating chemical sterilisation .
whats a dove hybrid ? hybrids are young of parents from two different species ( i . e . a ringneck dove ( streptopelia risoria ) and a european turtle dove ( streptopelia turtur ) ; they are different species , but belong to the same genus .
also known as the barbary or laughing dove , ringneck doves can usually be identified by the distinctive black ring around the neck . paloma , sharon audubon centers resident ringneck dove , is an albino and therefore has no coloring . until the 1950 ' s only two colors of ringneck doves were available in the united states , a blond or fawn color and white . today the ringneck dove comes in over 40 color variations .
strong , r . m . ( 1912 ) . results of hybridizing ring - doves , including sex - linked inheritance . biological bulletin 23 , 293 - 320 .
gibbs , barnes , and cox , in their book pigeons and doves of the world ( 2001 ) ( 3 ) , did not describe the barbary dove . they only included the african collared dove and in their description made no reference to the domesticated dove .
while dietary staples and once - in - a - while snacks are often wonderful for ring - necked doves , it ' s vital to never forget one of the most crucial things their bodies need , and that ' s water . fresh and clean water is a requirement for pet doves of all varieties , 24 hours a day , seven days a week .
hybrid pigeon . father : collared doves x laughing dove cock . mother : racing pigeon hen
what is the smallest dove ? the pygmy ground dove ( columbina minuta ) is the smallest . this diminutive dove is greyish brown , with upper parts that are gray with steel - blue marks . the tail is short and rounded . the hen is plain gray - olive , with whitish under parts . this tiny dove is fairly common in mexico and south america .
ring - necked doves are ready to breed by 12 months of age or earlier , and lay two eggs per clutch . they make great parents , and are a good choice for beginning breeders who want some quick success in the hobby . these birds are good for children , provided the children understand the sensitive nature of birds , and are gentle and calm around the animal .
having this interest in the different wild ring - necked species for over 25 years , combined with these points and many more i have observed of the differences between the two species ( decaocto & risoria ) leads me to believe the specie s . rosegriesea as the bird bred to the common ringneck in the 1950 ' s and 1960 ' s . it was the specie imported .
the question was if she was a pure white eurasian collared dove or a hybrid from the mating of a ringneck dove and the eurasian collared dove . i am guessing that someone who was breeding white ringnecks for wedding releases took in some ecds and ended up with some white ecds .
can catching doves injure them ? yes , be careful netting doves ; many doves are severely injured or killed by the ring or handle of the net , or die of stress .
ringneck dove nest box ( 2 . 5 x 4 . 0 x 6 . 0 inches )
ball , g . f . ; silver , r . 1983 . timing of incubation bouts by ring doves ( streptopelia risoria ) . journal of comparative psychology 97 : 213 - 225 .
are there clubs or organizations for doves ? the american dove association caters to domestic ringneck dove and diamond dove breeders and fanciers . foreign ( exotic ) doves are also gaining popularity and are a focus of this organization . the american dove association provides six doveline newsletters a year , a membership and breeders directory which lists species and colors kept by members , provides networking of members around the world , and sponsors a national young bird show each year . the canadian dove associations membership is also open to united states dove fanciers . it caters to mostly foreign doves , as well as domestics .
the hybrid zone between vinaceous dove ( streptopelia vinacea ) and ring - necked dove ( s . capicola ) in uganda has received particular attention ( den hartog , den boer - visser & ten cate , 2010 ) . the majority of research on these species looked at the vocal characteristics of both species and their hybrids ( de kort , den hartog & ten cate , 2002a ) and reactions to heterospecific and conspecific calls ( de kort , den hartog & ten cate , 2002b ; den hartog , de kort & ten cate , 2007 ; den hartog , slabbekoorn & ten cate , 2008 ) .
the
ringneck
was only known in the fawn and white colors up until the introduction of the african collared dove ( streptopelia roseogrisea ) . once the african collared dove ' s wild coloration was introduced into the
domestic ringneck
many new color mutations began to appear . there are 40 plus known color mutations or patterns in the ringneck dove which are now know or accepted by the dove associations .
20 . the collared dove is an eastern european species that was unknown in britain 60 years ago .
it should be noted that the ringneck dove is often confused with the eurasian collared dove which has taken up residence throughout florida since the 1980 ' s . however this dove is usually larger than the ringneck , has a different call , and has dark primary flight feathers , while the ringneck usually has light primaries . to further confuse the issue , members of feral ringneck populations have often mated with the european collared dove
doves are gentle birds , and will not bite or attack the way some parrot species will . ring - necked doves can be easily hand - tamed , though most owners do not interact with them in this way . these birds love to be in pairs , and will breed easily . they aren’t picky about their nesting site , and will even have young in the feeding bowl or on the bottom of an aviary .
fairly large dove with pale underparts , gray undertail coverts , and broad white band at tip of tail .
the white dove is a color mutation of the african collared dove / barbareydove that has been around for perhaps a thousand years . they have been bred in cages since biblical times . the albino ringneck dove was imported from japan in 1967 . these birds are pure white and are reported to be without neck rings . see the photo of the bird below . however if one adjust the brightness and contrast settings on a photograph we found that the normally invisible neck ring can be made to appear . see the second photo below .
ring - necked doves are found in many habitats and will only shy away from dense forests and desert sand dune habitats without water . it is commonly found in open woodlands , grasslands and savannah , and is often found in farmlands , parks , and gardens in suburban and urban areas . the diet consists predominantly of seeds , with fruits , berries and invertebrates eaten on occasion . much of its foraging is done on the ground .
i believe the
ring neck
is the long domesticated form , some 2000 - 3000 years , of the african collared dove ( streptopelia roseogrisea * ) . the original ancestor is unknown . most books and articles , which deal with wild dove / pigeon species , give the
ringneck
specific status under the name
risoria
in the genus
streptopelia
. thus it is listed as : streptopelia risoria .
adult african collared doves ' coloration of the upper parts is a pale grayish fawn with blue gray along the wing edge . there is a black neck ring extending half way around the neck on the back of the neck . chin , belly , and under wing are whitish in color . the orbital skin a narrow white ring , and the iris dark red . the bill is black and the feet are red .
baptista , l . f . , trail , p . w . , horblit , h . m . , kirwan , g . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . ring - necked dove ( streptopelia capicola ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
derek goodwin provided separate descriptions for the barbary dove and the african collared dove in his book pigeons and doves of the world ( 4 ) . for the barbary dove he used the scientific name streptopelia risoria ; and for the african collared dove he used the commonly accepted name of streptopelia rosegrisea . he explained that it had been customary to give the barbary dove a separate species name even though taxonomists considered this incorrect . he justified the use of this name because this species had been subject to so many observations and experiments throughout the world in the past .
this dove is a domesticated form of streptopelia roseogrisea found in aviaries . therefore , conservation status is not applicable .
the spotted dove is common around human habitation and can easily be seen in parks , gardens and agricultural areas .
why are doves banded ? banding tells the year the dove was hatched . bands are excellent for record keeping .
barbary dove . adult male displaying . kerikeri , northland , september 2013 . image © les feasey by les feasey
will dove species interbreed ? no , unless forced to by isolating them . cross - species breeding is exceedingly rare .
ringneck doves have two common calls , the gentle cooing ( similar to the mourning dove ) and a distinctive “laughing . ”
this dove may be found in aviaries and has been bred in captivity for many years ( harper 1986 ) . in fact , this dove is considered to be exceptionally tame ( goodwin 1983 ) . they are also commonly used in scientific research .
why are some dove species so active ? some species are just more hyper . bleeding hearts are always on the move .
doves , unlike parrots , need grit in their diet because they eat their seeds whole . provide several types of grit , as well as a calcium supplement , especially during breeding . though it is tempting to breed these birds year - round , doing so will leave the birds in an exhausted and weakened state . most aviculturists advise resting them for a few months after every two or three clutches . when well cared - for , ring - necked doves can live for more than 10 years .
there is another , closely related dove that has been introduced to australia - the laughing dove , s . senegalensis , found in the south - western corner of western australia . it is slightly smaller , measuring around 25 cm - 27 cm . the laughing dove also lacks the black and white collar , instead having a black and copper - brown patch on the base of the throat .
the barbary dove is the domesticated form of the african collared dove ( streptopelia roseogrisea ) , a native of the sahel , ethiopia and the arabian peninsula . it has been domesticated for many hundreds of years , something that is reflected in its confiding and gentle nature . because of its long dependence on people , it seems less able than other dove species to survive for long in the wild .
the barbary dove is usually somewhat larger and has a longer tail than the african collared dove . this may have resulted as some cross breeding with the eurasian collared dove , streptopelia decaocto ( 4 ) . the coloration is a warm , creamy buff shading to near white on the chin , belly , and under tail coverts . there is a black , white edged collar on the back of the neck
pire , j . 2000 .
the dove page
( on - line ) . accessed july 30 , 2002 at urltoken .
excerpt : british birds , number 5 , vol . xlvi , may 1953 ; james fisher - author . collared turtle dove in europe
the ring - necked doves that live out in the wild consume a wide array of foods . some of the things that these doves feed on include insects , snails , grains , green vegetation , berries and seeds . they ' re often even considered to be nuisances by people due to their penchants for dining on cereal crops . when they live in cities alongside humans , they often enthusiastically look for findings in trash , as well . since these birds are domesticated , free roaming specimens usually are those that somehow made their way out of aviaries .
several on this list—green pheasant , kalij pheasant , chestnut - bellied sandgrouse , lace - necked dove , zebra dove , japanese quail , gray francolin , black francolin , erckel’s francolin—might be met with a huh ? from wingshooters . all these species can be found on the parker ranch in hawaii . it took me two trips to get them all . these aren’t pen - raised released birds . all have been established for many years , and are totally wild . days spent on the vast ranch are more than excellent , and certainly worth the substantial expense involved to shoot there .
young doves that are scalped or killed wander into the territory of another dove . shrubbery provides hiding places for young doves from more aggressive adults .
small aviary a small aviary is usually only suitable for the smallest of doves . most of the larger dove species will not do well at all in small aviaries except for the domesticated ringneck dove . a small flight could measure something like : width : 3’ length : 4’ height : 6’
brown reports the length of the barbary dove is between 300 and 310 mm . and the weight is between 150 and 200 grams . ( 1 )
personal thoughts from the author ( j pire ) on the acceptance of which species was imported into the us and bred to the domestic ringneck dove .
the ring - necked dove is often found alone or in pairs . it is sometimes found in larger flocks around roosts , and in areas with abundant food and water . it is a monogamous and territorial breeder , and egg - laying season is year - round . nests are often made in the fork of a tree with dense vegetation cover . the nest is made out of twigs , grass , roots and sometimes pine needles . sometimes similar nests made by other bird species are used . one to two ( rarely four ) eggs are laid and incubated for 13 - 16 days by both parents . after chicks are hatched they are fed by both parents and will leave the nest after 16 - 17 days . they reach independence after another 12 days .
fairly large dove with small head and long , square - tipped tail . upperparts mostly sandy brown with a black crescent on the back of the neck .
fairly large dove with small head and thin , dark bill . head and underparts are pale , almost frosty brown . black collar on back of neck .
( 7 ) modler , art , ringneck doves , their care and enjoyment , pp . 8 , no date ( available through the american dove association )
is a valid taxonomic name . however , many ornithologists do not subscribe to species status for this dove ( e . g . , goodwin 1983 ) .
7 . unlike the closely related wood pigeon , the collared dove isn’t regarded as an agricultural pest , though it can be a nuisance in the garden .
the colonisation of britain by the collared dove is a remarkable story - no collared doves bred in britain before 1955 - and so no conservation measures are necessary .
frost , p . g . h . 2013 . barbary dove . in miskelly , c . m . ( ed . ) new zealand birds online . urltoken
what are some of the most common signs that a dove is ill ? appearing fluffed up or droopy , having watery green droppings are some common signs of illness . upon seeing a dove that looks and acts sick , isolate it and put it under a heat source ( 40 watt bulb ) . heat is vital for a sick dove . if it is not eating , feed it hand - feeding formula ( exact pretty bird , etc . ) , and take it to an avian veterinarian .
angie nicol of illinois sent me the photo above of her pet ringneck , eve . she purchased this dove more than 28 years ago in a dime store in vienna , il . the last anniversary of the dove ' s purchase was on december 16 , 2005 angie told me that she thought the bird was a year old when she obtained her which would make her around 28 years old as of december 2005 . i have lost contact with angie so i do not know if this dove is still living
gibbs , barnes , and cox report the african collared dove has an overall length ranges from 260 to 270 mm . and weight ranges from 150 to 160 grams . ( 3 )
dove and pigeon care has bird information for pet pigeons and types of doves . bird care covers bird cages , bird seed , and bird health care for pigeon breeds and pet doves
like the ringneck dove they are quite hardy . if they are kept outdoors and are accustomed to cold weather , they can take below freezing temperatures for a short period of time .
21 . the spread of this dove across europe is well documented . they first bred in hungary in 1932 , austria in 1938 , germany in 1943 and the netherlands in 1947 .
( 9 ) smith , p . william ( 1987 ) .
the eurasian collared - dove arrives in the americas
. american birds 41 ( 5 ) , 1370 - 1379 .
the collared dove feeds mainly on cereal grain and small seeds on the ground , but will also eat berries in the autumn and , more rarely , caterpillars and aphids in the spring .
my personal experience is only related to two birds , a single male ringneck dove i purchased for my niece in the fall of 1990 from a hub cap dealer and a young white albino ringneck dove given to me by a bird rehabilitator in 2006 . thus this page is based upon the experience i have had with these two birds and information from the few books i have listed as references .
this is the oldest dove we have precise records of on this web site . he almost lived a full 30 years but this past summer he had a stroke and finally passed away on october 5th
what species of doves are suited for the novice ? dove species that are especially recommended for the novice are common ringneck or barbary doves ( streptopelia risoria ) and diamond doves ( geopelia cuneata ) .
what causes a seemingly healthy dove to suddenly die ? unless you have the bird posted , its anyones guess . sudden heart failure , becoming frightened and hitting the wall could be some possible reasons .
since there are so many dove species available it is often hard to resist keeping and enjoying all of them . one of the biggest mistakes a beginning dove fancier makes is putting too many birds in a single aviary . the amount of room needed per pair of doves depends totally on the kind of dove you plan to keep . most doves require a large aviary and all doves prefer a large aviary . there are only a few species which will thrive in small cages . below are examples of a modular aviary design that can be built with any desired dimensions ( see sizes mentioned below ) .
update : june 2007 : our white dove turned out not to be a ringneck dove after all . after we had her a year we discovered that she was actually an eurasian collared dove . this was determine by her call and occasional scream . i was not familiar with the ecd ' s call although i have heard the call around town and in other locations . i thought the birds i was looking at were ringnecks . but many people had been writing in about the ecds and dr . wilmer j . milier , the ringnck dove expert , told me about the call and scream and also told me i could identify the ecd by dark spikes on the underside of the outer feathers . since this bird was white it has only the faintest dark spikes on the underside of the outer tail feathers .
< prev 1 . table of contents 2 . dove care basics 3 . history of doves 4 . nutrition for doves 5 . breeding doves 6 . recipies and care sheet 7 . egg experiment next >
the 2004–2005 audubon christmas bird count showed dramatic evidence of the eurasian collared - dove’s explosive expansion across the continent in a quarter century . the species was listed in 32 states and 4 canadian provinces ( british columbia , alberta , saskatchewan , and ontario ) . small numbers present in some areas may have escaped or been released from captivity by dove breeders , but most birds are thought to represent genuinely wild colonizers .
( 5 ) gos , michael w . ,
ringneck dove ,
doves . neptune city , nj : t . f . h . publications , inc . , 1989 , pp . 76 - 80
a medium - sized creamy grey - brown dove with a black half - collar on the back of the neck bordered with white above . the bill is grey - black , eyes red and legs crimson .
( 4b ) goodwin , derek ,
african collared dove ( streptopelia roseogrisea )
pigeons and doves of the world , london : trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) , 1967 , pp . 131 - 132
similar species : spotted dove is larger , darker grey - brown above , pink - brown below , with a white - spotted black patch on the sides and back of the neck rather than a black half - collar .
( 4a ) goodwin , derek ,
barbary dove ( streptopelia
risoria
)
pigeons and doves of the world , london : trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) , 1967 , pp . 129 - 130
the monotonous , loud cooing song of the collared dove sounds like
coo - coo - coo
, but is perhaps best remembered as either
u - nit - ed
or
i don ' t know
.
in the domestic world of doves and pigeons , the term
domestic pigeon
is given to all of the many genetically selected breeds of birds which descend from the rock dove . these are actually related to the common pigeons you see in your city picking up bread crumbs and pebbles . this web site does not address these birds but there is a section on the dove links page that lists a number of sites to visit regarding such
domestic pigeons .
ringed turtle - doves are slightly larger than african collared doves ( goodwin 1983 ) . their length is approximately 305 mm ( honolulu zoo 2002 ) . their tail is shorter than that for the african collared dove ( goodwin 1983 ) .
both the male and female will incubate the clutch . in captivity , female doves kept together will share incubation duties of a clutch of eggs . however , one female will adopt the hatchlings and feed them regurgitated
dove milk .
can i keep foreign doves in a bird cage ? no , foreign doves are wild creatures , and a bird cage is too small to make the dove feel safe and secure . wild , foreign doves should be kept in spacious aviaries .
( 1 ) brown , danny ,
barbary dove streptopelia
risoria
, a guide to pigeons , doves & quail , their management , care & breeding , south tweeds heads , australia : australian birdkeeper 1995 , pp . 122 - 125
the plumage of this elegant dove is mostly a pale brown - grey but the breast is a pinkish buff colour . adults can be distinguished from juveniles by the narrow black and white band round the back of the neck ( which juveniles lack ) .
how can i save abandoned foreign dove babies ? hand - feeding formulas are available from pet shops , feed stores , etc . small feeding syringes are available from veterinarians . young doves should be placed in a box with a light bulb for heat .
should i bathe my doves ? doves bathe naturally in the rain or enjoy a fine mist of water from a hose . most doves , unlike pigeons , will not bathe in a water - filled container . some ground - dove species enjoy dust baths .
ringed turtle - doves make a nest of sticks arranged in a somewhat haphazard pattern . both the male and female will incubate the clutch of two white eggs . in captivity , female doves kept together will share incubation duties of a clutch of eggs . however , one female will adopt the hatchlings and feed them regurgitated
dove milk .
ringed turtle - doves will also care for other species of doves . females have been used to rear mourning dove , zenaida macroura , chicks ( pappas , personal observation ) .
( 3 ) gibbs , david ; barnes , eustace ; cox , john ,
african collared dove , streptopelia roseogrisea
pigeons and doves , a guide to pigeons and doves of the world , london : yale university press 2001 , pp . 260 - 261
doves are susceptible to red mites , which hide during the day and come out at night to feed on the bird’s blood , and doves housed outdoors are susceptible to roundworms , tapeworms and other worm species . canker , a respiratory disease that shows as a swelling in the dove’s throat and a cheesy looking growth around the mouth , can be fatal if not treated . those who keep pigeons should wash their hands after handling , feeding or cleaning the dove’s housing because doves can transfer chlamydia and salmonella ( bacterial infections ) to people .
what are ground doves ? species included under the ground dove heading are by nature terrestrial , in that , they spend most of each day running about on the ground . this is not a scientific grouping . ground doves are fascinating to watch on the aviary floor .
page contents origins of the ringneck dove common names scientific names size description distribution and habitat nesting about white doves care of ringneck doves cages perches seed . water , and grit containers feed nest boxes and nesting material emergency care and feeding of abandoned babies personality taming ringneck doves longevity
though it is very popular to use white doves for what are called ' wedding releases ' , it is actually white homing pigeons that are used . white homing pigeons are very strong flyers , have a well developed homing instinct , and will return to their dovecote . the white dove is not the same bird as the white homing pigeon . though they are both white , the white dove is a smaller bird . it does not fly straight for long distances but rather flutters about , and it does not have a highly developed homing instinct .
white doves are very popular and an excellent bird for a beginner they are actually a white variety of the ringneck dove though a bit more expensive , and they have all the good points of the ringneck doves . they are very easy to care for and have a very sweet gentle nature . they will do well in either a cage or in an aviary and can be kept as a single bird or as a pair . once a white dove is comfortable with its home and its family , it can be handled by adults and children alike .
for those who are interested in seeing a list of the different color variations click on the link ( left side menu ) to the dove page prepared by wade oliver and go to the ringneck species . mr . oliver has a complete illustrated display of the known color variations .
( 10 ) vriends , matthew m . , phd . ,
barbary dove ( streptopelia roseogrisea var . risoria ) ,
doves , a complete pet owner ' s manual . happauge , ny : barrons educational series , inc . , 1994 , pp . 65 - 87
the spotted dove is native to eastern asia . it was introduced into australia in the mid - 1800s and early 1900s and quickly became established . it is now a common sight throughout eastern australia , and around the major towns and cities in southern and south - western australia .
what is the largest dove ? victoria crowned pigeons ( goura vistoria ) are the giants of the dove world . distinguished by a large , striking crest , this is an absolutely imposing bird ! over 2 1 / 2 feet long , it is the size of a hen turkey . it is bluish gray , with a broad grayish - white apical band , and a black band that runs from the lores to the postocular region . wing coverts are a dark chestnut , with bright red eyes . this elegant pigeon inhabits northwest new guinea and the wester islands .
the natural range of the african collared dove is in the savannah lands south of the sahara desert in africa from senegal and mauritania in the west across the continent to sudan and ethiopia in the east . they are also located along the red sea coast in arabia and in yemen .
i have a beautiful cali white that we inherited from an elderly lady we cared for . we gave it a treat of pancake and now it is obsessed with pancakes ! is this ok ? it still eats its diet of dove food . thanks ! its over twenty years old !
sharon o ' connell of chicago , illinois was given her white ringneck dove by friends while she was a senior at southern illinois university at carbondale . her friends owned the dove ' s parents . sharon named her ringneck opal . sharon thought he was a female but in time his bow coos dispelled that idea . the baby hatched out on november 25 , 1983 making him 27 years old on thanksgiving day 2010 . the photo below was taken at opal ' s 27th birthday party . sharon says she has feed him 1 / 3 canary seed and 2 / 3 finch seed all his life .
eurasian collared - doves have plump bodies , small heads , and long tails . they’re larger than mourning doves but slimmer and longer - tailed than a rock pigeon . the wings are broad and slightly rounded . the broad tail is squared off at the tip , rather than pointed like a mourning dove’s .
history : paloma is not a wild dove , but the type of dove used in magic shows and commonly kept as pets . this type of dove has been bred for so long and kept in captivity , it is practically a domesticated animal . paloma was most likely released at some type of event , such as a wedding or funeral , and , unfortunately , ringneck doves do not have a well developed homing instinct . as a result , she could not find her way home , did not know what to eat or where to find food and was not afraid of potential predators because she was hand - raised . she was brought to sharon audubon ' s wildlife rehabilitation clinic with major bruising on both wings , missing tail feathers , and a scalped head . she has fully recovered from her injuries and now resides in an aviary in the exhibit room . you can often hear her sweet , gentle
laugh
when you visit the center .
the spotted dove was first introduced to melbourne in the 1860s and there have been several subsequent releases to other australian cities . it readily consumes bird seed and bread , as well as feeding on the seeds of weeds . the species has not spread far from urban areas , probably because of a lack of suitable food .
many people ask me about methods they might use to tame ringneck doves . as a result i have written a short article in the methods that i have used in the past . while this article is about taming a variety of dove species , it should be useful for those who have recently acquired ringnecks . link to taming doves
many people write with questions about how long ringneck doves will live . while the usual life span of a ringneck dove is around 15 years or so , i have heard that some people ' s pet ringnecks have lived into their mid thirties . here is an accounting of four ringnecks that i know of that have lived more than 20 years .


the siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) , also known as the siberian white crane or the snow crane , is a bird of the family gruidae , the cranes .

they are distinctive among the cranes , adults are nearly all snowy white , except for their black primary feathers that are visible in flight and with two breeding populations in the arctic tundra of western and eastern russia .

the eastern populations migrate during winter to china while the western population winters in iran and formerly , in india and nepal .

among the cranes , they make the longest distance migrations .

their populations , particularly those in the western range , have declined drastically in the 20th century due to hunting along their migration routes and habitat degradation .

the world population was estimated in 2010 at about 3,200 birds , mostly belonging to the eastern population with about 95 % of them wintering in the poyang lake basin in china , a habitat that may be altered by the three gorges dam .

in western siberia there are only around ten of these cranes in the wild .

siberian crane

international crane foundation ( icf ) . 2007 . siberian crane . retrieved july 28 , 2007 .
kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .
the crane to live the longest was a siberian crane with the name wolf . it lived for 83 years .
kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 ( in russian and english ) .
english : great white crane , siberian white crane , asiatic white crane ; french : grue de sibérie ; german : schneekranich ; spanish : grulla siberiana .
the oldest documented crane in the world was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 at the international crane center in wisconsin .
belyalova , l . , and s . fundikchiev . 2007 . siberian crane sighting in samarkand region , uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 6
fazeli , azin . 2007 . siberian crane national stamp published in iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 14 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2007 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2008 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . migratory behavior of the siberian crane in iran . – the palearctic crane workshop .
markin , yuri . 2008 . the siberian crane banding in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .
the range , status and winter ecology of the siberian crane ( gus leucogenanus ) .
shilina , a . p . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in armizon , south of the western siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter 3 : 30 ( in russian and english . )
burnham , james , and li fengshan . 2009 . the siberian crane capture in china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 22 ( in russian and english )
hornskov , jesper . 2008 . sighting of the siberian crane near beijing , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 ( in russian and english ) .
parmasto , e . 1989 . palearctic crane workshop . – palearctic crane workshop .
for many years a single siberian crane has returned to its wintering grounds in . . .
rusanov , german . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . russia . siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
shilina , anastasia . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .
some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv
the siberian crane makes more musical sounds than other cranes , mostly flute - like calls .
prentice , crawford . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project steering committee meeting , bangkok , thailand . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 19 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in astrakhan reserve , south of the european part of russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
sebastian , sunny . 1993 . the crane saga – experiments with siberian visitors . – conservation .
vardhan , harsh . 2002a . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . central population . india . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . 2008 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 13 . ( in russian and english ) .
burnham , james , andjeb barzen . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project : regional programme report . internatioanl crane foundation . baraboo , 42 p .
landfried , s . e . 1984 . saving the siberian crane . –lawrencetoday : 4 - 9 .
osipov , igor . 2007 . spring migration of the siberian crane in northeast yakutia , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh . 2007 . siberian crane release on the wintering grounds in iran in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 - 12 ( in russian and english ) .
leo shapiro selected
siberian crane
to show in overview on
grus leucogeranus pallas 1773
.
kruskal - wallis test of the effects of development stage and habitat type on siberian crane activity time .
thus , the eastern population of the siberian crane is not specialized for foraging in the taiga wetlands .
mian , afsar . 1989 . crane migration through western baluchistan . – asia crane congress .
shilina , anastasia . 2007 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia , russia , during fall migration 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
panchenko , v . g . 1996 . international studbook : siberian crane . oka biosphere state nature reserve .
rusanov , german . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve , russia , in the fall of 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and yuri markin . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .
semenov a . , and e . kolodeznykh . 2008 . siberian crane sightings in the lena river lowland in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 9 . ( in russian and english ) .
strelnikova , olga . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in khanty - mansi autonomous region , west siberia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .
summary of the collected time budget data ( mean ) of siberian crane in different habitats by development stages .
the oldest documented crane was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 . wolf is in the guinness book of world records .
moore , sara gavney . 2009 . siberian crane migration study . – china crane news . vol . 13 : 1 ( in chinese and english ) .
upon confirmation of the fact of the nesting of siberian cranes in the delta of the ob river , 7 eggs of the wild siberian crane were taken and transferred from that area into the oka breeding center from 1981 to 1996 . in total , the “siberian crane” project used 43 siberian crane eggs and 36 eurasian crane eggs from nature . forty siberian crane eggs were transported from icf – they were laid by the first yakutian birds which started breeding in the usa . most of the birds raised from those eggs were released back into nature .
international crane foundation . 2002 . siberian crane news updates . hang - glider assisted migration takes off . – cms bulletin . no 16 : 16 - 17 .
ensure healthy populations of siberian crane populations in the amur - heilong basin of russia and china . we are :
recording contain 5 chirp calls of 30 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .
recording contain 4 chirp calls of 164 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .
recording contain 5 chirp calls of 37 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .
recording contain 4 chirp calls of 145 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .
anonymous . 1993 . siberian crane reintroduction attempt unsuccessful . – oriental bird club bulletin . no 17 : 12 .
sprouts were the primary forage for siberian crane at salt lick stopovers because they were readily extracted from the substratum .
qian fawen . 2003 . wintering siberian crane counted atpoyanglakein 2003 . – crane working group ofeurasianewsletter . no 6 : 6 - 7 ( in russian and english ) .
stishov , mikhail , and iinga bysykatova . 2008 . monitoring of the siberian crane breeding sites in kytalyk , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
anonymous . 1976 . siberian crane season . – the brolga bugle . vol . 3 ( 1 ) : 1 .
davis , malcolm . 1969 . siberian crane longevity . – auk . vol . 86 ( 2 ) : 347 .
jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 21 ( in russian and english ) .
research on optimal nesting sites of the eastern population of siberian crane in the tundra ( the indigirka river basin ) .
dense siberian crane and elk footprints , while fragments of green sprouts were observed on the exposed peat and peat mud .
degtyaryev , andrey , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . crane art in yakutsk . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 15 ( in russian and english ) .
li fengshan . 2003 . siberian crane gef project . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 1 ) : 6 - 7 ( in chinese and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . 2002 . success of siberian crane breeding in captivity . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century : abstracts of international crane workshop . – china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 19 - 20 .
of the 15 species of cranes , only the sandhill crane ( grus canadensis ) , brolga crane ( grus rubicunda ) , demoiselle crane ( anthropoides virgo ) , eurasia crane or common crane ( grus grus ) , and gray crowned crane ( balearica regulorum ) are not listed as vulnerable , endangered , or critically endangered .
harris , james . 2009 . safe flyways for the siberian crane . a flyway approach conserves some of asia’s most beautiful wetands and waterbirds . international crane foundation . 99 p .
liu z , chen b ( 1991 ) the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . beijing : china forestry press . pp . 109–112 .
markin , yuri , and sergei sleptsov . 2008 . survey of the siberian crane breeding area in kytalyk , yakutia , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and azin fazeli . 2008 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in winter 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .
vinogradov , v . v . 1982 . siberian white crane . – boolket . astrakhan . p . 1 - 6 .
shilina , a . p . 2003 . release of isolation reared siberian crane chicks at common crane staging areas . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 250 .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1991 . the siberian crane in iran . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 341 - 347 .
markin , yu . m . , and a . a . kashin . 2001 . siberian crane . release of siberian cranes in astrakhannature reserve . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
prentice , crawford , and milhail stishov . 2007 . avisit to the siberian crane staging areas in the aldan and maya river valleys of southern yakutiain 2006 . siberian crane flyway news . no 8 : 17 - 18 ( in russian and english ) .
devarshi , dhirendra . 2002 . siberian crane . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2001 . international studbook : siberian crane grus leucogeranus . russia : oka crane breeding center . p . 1 - 37
moermond t . 2007 . sixth meeting of range states to siberian crane mou . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter 10 : 106 - 108 ( in russian and english ) .
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osipova , m . a . 1996 . the siberian crane in the eastern part of the range . – third european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . straslund : wwf / / nabu . p . 42 .
goroshko , oleg . 2007 . sightings of siberian cranes on the daurian steppe , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
hykle , douglas . 1993 . bonn convention actions for the siberian crane . – iwrb news . vol . 10 : 13 .
kumar , p . 1994a . vanishing visitors : the great white siberian crane . – frontline . p . 63 - 74 .
markin , yuri , svetlana bobkova , pavel rozhkov , vladimir drobyshevsky , and yuri zatsepin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction at belozersky wildlife refuge in 2004 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 6 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
since its first epic flight for warmer climes , the male siberian crane has clocked up enough miles to circumnavigate the earth twice .
lanovenko , e . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . central flyway . uzbekistan . crane working group of eurasianewsletter , 4 - 5 : 27 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . , a . kovshar , and a . shilina . 2001 . a record of a common crane pair with siberian crane chick . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . no 2 : 32 ( in russian and english ) .
tian xiuhua , and zhao guangying . 1997 . preliminary study on hematological indices of the hooded crane , red - crowned crane and siberian crane . – journal of bird world . vol . 23 : 38 - 41 . ( in chinese ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , azin fazeli , and kirill postelnykh . 2008 . release of the siberian crane on the wintering grounds in iran in autumn of 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 - 24 ( in russian and english ) .
pokrovskaya , i . 2007 . the first finding of the siberian crane breeding site in west siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 84 ( in russian and english ) .
vuasalo - tavakoli , e . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 ( in russian and english ) .
anonymous . 1980 . wwf supports siberian crane at icf . – the brolga bugle . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 4 .
archibald , george w . 1993b . the siberian crane : a status report . – cms bulletin no . 4 ( unpaginated ) .
landfried , s . e . 1982 . pakistan : new siberian crane data . – iucn bulletin . july / august / september .
sackl , peter . 2003 . siberian white crane . – british birds . vol . 96 ( 9 ) : 449 - 453 .
sinha , vivek . 2000 . unusual behaviour of a siberian crane . – hornbill ( july - september ) : 28 - 29 .
sudilovskaya , a . m . 1948 . siberian crane and its distribution . – nature protection . no 13 ( in russian ) .
will the three gorges dam affect the underwater light climate of vallisneria spiralis l . and food habitat of siberian crane in poyang lake ?
gree , n . gist , lacy i . moffett , and g . d . wilder . 1926 . atentative list of chinese birds . part 1 . bulletin no . 1 of the peking society of natural history . p . 1 - 370 . ( distribution of eurasian crane , red - crowned crane , hooded crane , black - necked crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china , see pp . 62 - 64 ) ( in english and chinese ) .
horwich , robert h . 1992 . isolated - rearing of siberian crane chicks in the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop , 22 - 24 february 1988 . eds : don a . wood . p . 244 - 248 .
bragin , e . a . 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . kazakhstan . observations of the siberian cranes ( grus leucogeranus pall . ) at naurzum in 2001 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
belterman , r . 2005 . siberian crane propagation in western europein 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 69 - 70 ( in russian and english ) .
bragin , e . a . siberian crane records in kazakhstan from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .
rozenfeld , s . b . a siberian crane sighting in azerbaijan in january 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 74 ( in russian and english ) .
shevchenko , e . p . 2011 . siberian crane record in chaunskaya gulf , chukotka . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 . ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2011 . siberian crane records in mongolia from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 - 55 ( in russian and english ) .
zou changlin . 2009 . migration status of siberian crane in momoge nr in spring 2009 . – china crane news . vol . 13 ( 1 ) : 3 ( in chinese and english ) .
the united nations environment program ( unep ) and the international crane foundation conducted the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project from 2003 to 2009 to protect and manage a network of sites across asia .
siberian cranes are the only crane species with serrated edges on their beaks . the serrations make gripping slippery prey , such as fish and frogs , much easier . siberian cranes also eat roots , berries and seeds .
english : japanese crane , manchurian crane ; french : grue du japon ; german : mandschurenkranich ; spanish : grulla manchü .
dong lingli . 2003 . siberian white crane studbook ( grus leucogeranus ) 2002 . beijing , china : beijing zoological gardens . 34 pp .
freeman , scott . 1984 . chinaestablishes refuge for siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 1 .
futehally , z . 1992 . the siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 32 ( 9 & 10 ) : 2 .
unep , and cms , ed . 1996 . siberian crane memorandum of understanding . – cms bulletin . no 5 , 6 : 5 .
unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . siberian crane wetlands gef meeting . – cms bulletin . no 13 . p . 18 .
davidson , neil . a possible hybrid common crane ( gg ) x siberian white crane ( gl ) inturkey . – bulletin ornithological society , middle east . vol . 15 ( 1 ) : 3 .
kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2007 . the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 51 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen . 2004 . the 2nd guilding committee meeting of “siberian crane gef project” was held inbeijing . china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 ( in chinese and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2005 . summer sightings of the siberian crane in mongolia in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 22 - 23 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2011 . siberian crane wintering in iran in 2010 / 11 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 11 : 74 - 75 ( in russian and english ) .
zhou jingying . 2003 . spring migration of siberian crane at tumuji national nature reserve , 2003 . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 2 ) : 9 ( in chinese and english ) .
the international crane foundation ( icf ) is a cms partner organization that provides the technical coordination of the mou through the position of the siberian crane flyway coordinator , which is co - funded by cms .
shaw tsen - hwang . 1936 . the birds of hopei province . – zoologia sinica . series b . the vertebrates of china . vol . 15 . fan memorial institute of biology , peiping ( peking ) china . p . 1 - 974 . ( description and distribution of common crane , hooded crane , red - crowned crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china – see pp . 319 - 328 . ) .
bysykatova i . p . , m . v . vladimirtseva , and s . m . sleptsov . 2010 . spring migrations of the siberian crane in yakutia . – siberian ecological journal . novosibirsk ( in russian ) .
smirenski , sergei . 2008 . the sightings of siberian cranes in muraviovka park , amur region , during spring migration 2008 . siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
these crane species occur as two distinct populations , arctic east siberian ( between the yana and the alazeya rivers in yakutia ) group and west siberian ( the river basins of the ob , konda and sossva ) group .
liu zhiyong , and chen bin . 1991 . the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . ( chapter 3 ) : 109 - 112 .
english : little brown crane , canadian crane ; french : grue du canada ; german : kanadakranich ; spanish : grulla canadiense .
tokarskaya , olga n . , et al . 1996 . analysis of relatedness and genetic diversity in the siberian crane by dna fingerprinting . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “project kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / / nabu . p . 52 .
wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of migratory siberian crane at momoge nature reserve . – proceedings 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 138 .
archibald , george w . 1996 . conservation of siberian cranes inwest asia . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / nabu . p . 19 .
goroshko , o . s . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . dauria . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , e . i . 2003 . siberian crane migration according to ptt data . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 6 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .
smirenski , s . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in amur region in 2006 . - crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no . 10 : 38 ( in russian and english ) .
wang hui . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in yancheng nnr , china , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 44 ( in russian and english ) .
yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 1999 . research information of central population of siberian crane . – china crane news . vol . 3 ( 2 ) : 22 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .
yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 2002 . results of the 4th meeting of siberian crane range states . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 1 ) : 41 ( in chinese and english ) .
nagendran , meenakshi . 1995 . crane conservation efforts : siberian , sandhill and whooping cranes , with emphasis on the siberian crane . – the proceedings of the fourth annual international crane symposium : “people , water and wildlife : human population impacts on cranes” . ed . tim wohlgenant . boulder , colorado : national audubon society . p . 11 - 15 .
bhatnagar , r . 1980 . acase of tumour in siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 20 ( 4 ) : 16 .
brar , arvinder s . 1994 . land of the siberian crane . – sanctuary . vol . 14 ( 4 ) : 14 - 21 .
sauey , ronald t . 1981 . saving the siberian crane . an international effort . – span , 22 ( 5 ) : 21 - 25
vorobjev , k . a . 1965 . siberian crane in yakutia . – nature . no 4 : 88 - 90 ( in russian ) .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the siberian crane utters more musical sounds than the other cranes , usually flute - like calls .
) . siberian cranes were observed foraging in the shallow water during the whole winter , and we did not find a single crane on grasslands .
proceedings of the project completion workshop of the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project , 14 - 15 october , 2009 , harbin , china .
one of these was reportedly a regular stopover location for several hundred siberian cranes .
in the early 1970s , there were fewer than 10 siberian cranes in captivity worldwide . they had never reproduced in captivity . adopting a different approach , captive populations of siberian cranes were established from eggs collected from wild siberian cranes in eastern siberia through collaboration between the international crane foundation ( icf ) in the usa and oka state nature reserve in russia . the first captive breeding was achieved at icf in 1981 with the birth of siberian crane , «dushenka» .
germogenov , nikolai , sergei sleptsov , inga bysykatova , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . russian - chinese joint field work on research of the siberian crane eastern population in momoge nnr , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .
naumov , p . p . 1979 . siberian crane in kirenga . – migration and ecology of birds in siberia . yakutsk : yakutian branch of siberian division , ussracademyof sciences . p . 97 . ( in russian ) . .
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bragin , e . a . 2007 . the siberian crane sightings in kazakhstanduring migrations 2006 and 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 10 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
parilov , m . 2007 . the siberian crane sighting in ganukan wildlife refuge in 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 38 - 39 ( in russian and english ) .
prentice , crawford . 2003 . unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project meeting in moscowand tehran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 33 - 34 ( in russian and english ) .
su liying . 2011 . some stopover records for the siberian crane in 2010 and 2011 in china . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 60 - 62 ( in russian and english ) .
archibald , george w . 1981c . a siberian crane chick ! – the brolga bugle . vol . 7 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .
landfried , s . e . 1983 . saving the siberian crane : another step . – wwf - pakistan newsletter . vol . 2 ( 1 )
maguire , kelly . 1999 . project sterkh : summary of siberian crane reintroduction program 1983 - 1998 . – conservation measures for the siberian crane : cms technical series publication no . 1 . eds . unep / cms . bonn , germany : unep / cms secretariat . p . 153 - 173 .
scheiffer , h . 1985 . to siberian crane protection . – unsere jagd . vol . 35 ( 2 ) : 62 ( in german ) .
the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated these siberian crane species and has listed them as
critically endangered
.
the historic breeding area of the siberian crane extended from the ural mountains south to the ishim and tobol rivers , and east to the kolyma region .
potapov e ( 1992 ) some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv . internatn 2 : 149–156 .
elk activity led to areas of peat exposure in bogs where the availability of edible grass rhizomes and readily extractable sprouts were increased for the siberian crane .
soviet working group for crane research . 1995 . siberian crane project : a five - year plan . - crane research and protection in europe . a . proceedings of the palaearctic crane workshop in tallinn , estonia , 1989 . ed . hartwig prange . halle - wittenberg : martin - luther - universitaat / / lufthansa . p . 305 - 307 .
andronov , v . a . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . jewish autonomous region . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , e . ( author - compiler ) . 2010 . atlas for the siberian crane and other waterbirds in western / central asia . international crane foundation , baraboo , usa , 130 p . ( russian version )
lanovenko , e . 2004 . geography and phenology of siberian crane sightings in uzbekistan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 66 - 68 ( in russian and english ) .
majin , ch . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . azerbaijan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 61 , 63 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen . 2005 . report on monitoring the migration of siberian crane inchina , 2004 - 2005 . – china crane news . vol . 9 ( 2 ) : 24 - 25 ( in chinese and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2011 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve in the fall of 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 52 ( in russian and english ) .
maksudov , g . , and t . kashentseva . 2002 . sperm storage and sperm competition in artificially inseminated siberian cranes . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 20 - 21 .
sorokin , a . g . , a . p . shilina , yu . m . markin . 2002 . ten years of siberian crane introduction in west siberia : results and perspectives . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 38 - 39 .
siberian cranes sometimes cause root damage to crops as they feed on roots and shoots .
siberian cranes migrate to the arctic tundra to breed in late april and early may .
this is exemplified by data obtained on the fat reserves of three migrating siberian cranes .
the siberian crane flyway coordination enhances communication among the large network of scientists , governmental agencies , biologists , private organizations , and citizens involved with siberian crane conservation . since 2002 , dr . george archibald has traveled yearly to afghanistan and pakistan to augment awareness programs that contribute to safer migrations for siberian cranes . he also works with the united arab emirates to support migration corridor conservation in western asia .
archibald , george w . 1981a . last call for the siberian crane . – natural history . vol . 90 ( 3 ) : 58 - 61 .
archibald , george w . 1983 . siberian crane eggs fly east . – the brolga bugle . vol . 9 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .
harrap , s . 1987 . comments on historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – ocme bull . no 19 : 18 - 19 .
landfried , s . e . 1982 . siberian crane stamp soon a reality . – the icf bugle . vol . 8 ( 4 ) : 4 .
mirande , claire m . 2003 . my life with siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 29 ( 3 ) : 6 - 7 .
shiirevdamba , ts . , ed . 1997 . siberian crane . – mongolian red book . ulaanbaatar . p . 115 ( in mongolian and russian ) .
sinha , v . r . 1991 . arequiem for the siberian crane . – sanctuary asia . vol . xi ( 1 ) : 26 - 35 .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . conservation policy for siberian cranes in iran . – asia crane congress . typescript . p . 1 - 7 .
bragin , e . a . 2003 . the siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
lanovenko , e . 2005 . winter ecology of the eurasian cranein uzbekistan : existing conditions for the siberian crane reintroduction . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 9 : 52 - 54 ( in russian and english ) .
liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2004 . observation on the feeding behavior of wintering siberian crane inpoyanglake . – china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 7 - 8 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2007 . the siberian crane release in iranin winter 2006 / 2007 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 54 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen , and simba chan . 2007 . sighting of a banded siberian crane in yellow river delta , china . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 61 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .
vardhan , harsh . 2002b . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . v . 2011 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 58 . ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . iran . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 , 13 . ( in russian and english ) .
zhang enquan , and zhang jing . 2005 . siberian crane propagation at beijing zoo , china , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 71 ( in russian and english ) .
ashtiani , mohammad ali . 1987 . siberian crane as a wintering bird iniran . – proceedings of the 1983 international crane workshop , bharatpur , india . eds . george w . archibald and r . f . pasquier . baraboo , wisconsin : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 137 .
english : blue - necked crane , royal crane ; french : grue royale ; german : südafrikanischer kronenkranich ; spanish : grulla coronada cuelligrís .
science expeditions sponsored by the all - russia research institute for nature protection and preserves in 1977 - 1978 collected 12 eggs of siberian crane of the eastern population and sent them to the international crane foundation . in 1979 17 more eggs were transported from yakutia to the ocbc and the bird park walsrode in germany . such was the beginning of the first population of siberian crane in captivity .
wu jiandong . 2002 . study on the behavior of siberian cranes in wintering period . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 69 , 29 - 30 ( in chinese and english ) .
rustamov , a . k . 1999 . white crane , or siberian crane . – red data book of turkmenistan . vol . 1 . invertebrate and vertebrate animals . ashgabat , turkmenistan , 256 - 257 ( in russian ) .
sleptsov , s . 2007 . siberian crane breeding in kytalyk resource reserve , yakutia , russia , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow , 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .
strelnikova , o . g . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in khanty - mansi autonomous region in 2008 and 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 47 - 49 ( in russian and english ) .
archibald , george w . 1994 . the fading call of the siberian crane . – national geographic . vol . 185 ( 5 ) : 125 - 136 .
kashkarov , d . yu . 1988 . siberian crane . – red data book of the uzbekskaya ssr . p . 92 - 93 ( in russian ) .
landfried , s . e . 1981 . first rare siberian crane hatches in captivity . – wwf news . vol . 13 . july / aug : 3 .
mirande , claire m . 2003 . siberian crane wetlands project : on the staging ground and ready to fly . – cms bulletin . no 18 : 16 .
tarunin , m . 1928 . on siberian crane in tobolsk region . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 5 ( 3 ) : 5 .
xu jie , and jiang zingzing . 1985 . endangered species – siberian crane . – chinese wildlife . vol . 3 : 30 - 40 ( in chinese )
the main breeding grounds cover 82 , 000 km2 in the yakutia region of northeastern siberia , south of the east siberian sea between the yana and kolyma rivers . kytalyk republic resource reserve is a site of breeding grounds with the highest siberian crane densities .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . endangered species - 2001 . the siberian crane - 2001 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 , 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
chan , simba . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . hong - kong . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 28 , 30 ( in russian and english ) .
goroshko , o . a . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in dauria ( transbaikalia ) from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 56 - 57 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2002 . siberian crane in captivity . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 52 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan s . 2005 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .
sun xiaowei , zhen haishen , yu baijiang . 2002 . migration trend of siberian crane at momoge in spring 2002 . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 17 - 18 ( in chinese and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2001 . endangered species - 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 29 , 31 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
yang yan . 2007 . record number of the siberian crane in liaoning province , china , in autumn 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 41 - 42 ( in russian and english ) .
zhou haixiang . 2006 . the finding and protection of siberian crane and other waterfowls in key migratory sites in liaoning . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 32 - 34 ( in chinese and english ) .
anonymous . 1996 . sos for siberian cranes . – hornbill . no 3 : 27 .
adequate forage for siberian cranes in the marshes included the roots of hydrophilic sedges and horsetails .
kashentseva , t . a . 2007 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 45 - 48 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . 2011 . crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 82 - 86 ( in russian and english ) .
according to the iucn red list , the total population size of the siberian crane is 3 , 500 - 4 , 000 individuals . siberian cranes’ numbers are decreasing today and they are classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the list of threatened species .
the following habitats are found across the siberian crane distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
dessauer hc , gee gf , rogers js ( 1992 ) allozyme evidence for crane systematics and polymorphisms within populations of sandhill , sarus , siberian , and whooping cranes .
anonymous . 1975 . the siberian crane icf’s target species for 1975 - 76 . – the brolga bugle . vol . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 , 3 .
babenko , v . g . 2000 . siberian crane . – birds of lower priamuriye . moscow : “prometei” publishing house . p . 204 ( in russian ) .
dey , s . c . 1993 . siberian crane – status report and indian situation . indian forester . vol . 119 ( 10 ) : 783 - 792 .
malik , d . 1991a . the siberian crane in the littlerann of kutch . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 31 ( 1 / 2 ) : 13 .
moriguchi , kazuaki . 1978 . arecord of the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus found in hokkaido , japan . – tori . vol . 27 : 37 - 38 .
rogacheva , e . v . 1980 . siberian crane . – animals of krasnoyarsk territory . krasnoyarsk : krasnoyarsk book publishers . p . 90 ( in russian ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2007 . siberian crane ( grus leucogeranus ) . – astrakhan encyclopaedia . astrakhan . p . 377 - 378 ( in russian ) .
sharma , v . d . , and s . sharma . 1991 . the vanishing siberian crane . – indian forester . vol . 117 : 850 - 855 .
vinogradov , v . v . 1977 . protect the siberian crane . – “okhota i okhotnichiye khozyaistvo” ( hunting and hunting economy ) . no . 7 : 5 .
the siberian crane mou was the first one to be developed under the auspices of cms . it was concluded on 1 july 1993 and revised on 1 january 1999 .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2011 . the fifth issue of the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 89 - 92 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . m . , sleptsov , s . m . the siberian crane banding in yakutia in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 106 - 107 ( in russian and english ) .
mirande , claire . 2007 . safeguarding a chain of important wetlands – the midterm review for our siberian crane wetland project . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 22 ( in chinese and english ) .
prentice , crawford . 2007 . the unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project – status at the end of phase 1 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 63 - 66 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen , and jiang hongxing . 2006 . summery of monitoring the migration of siberian crane in chinain 2005 - 2006 . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 35 - 36 ( in chinese and english ) .
though it is easy to distinguish this species of crane from others , it is really difficult to distinguish a male from a female siberian crane . both are of almost the same size and have similar features ; it is just that the female crane is a little smaller in size and has a little shorter beak .
chan , simba . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . eastern flyway . japan . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 62 , 64 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , v . yu . 2005 . on the history of discovery and origination of name “sterkh” ( siberian crane ) . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 9 : 122 - 125 ( in russian and english ) .
liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2000 . report on the distribution of siberian crane at poyang lake in november , 1999 . – china crane news . vol . 4 ( 2 ) : 4 - 5 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yu . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in islamic republic of iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 36 - 37 ( in russian and english ) .
sorokin , a . g . 2003 . the siberian crane in the european part of russia . historical and recent data . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 249 .
vladimirtseva , m . , and s . sleptsov . 2005 . observation on nest building activity of the siberian crane . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 29 - 31 . ( in russian and english ) .
birdlife international . 2003 .
siberian crane
( on - line ) . red data book : threatened birds of asia . accessed october 31 , 2005 at urltoken .
dey , s . c . 1994 . siberian crane : status report and indian situation . – environ magazine . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 57 - 61 .
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mercier , mary . 2007 . siberian crane range states meet to protect the “lily of birds” . – the icf bugle . vol . 33 ( 3 ) : 4 .
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unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . results of the fourth meeting of the siberian crane range states . – cms bulletin . no 14 : 8 - 9 .
ushakov , v . e . 1925 . about siberian white crane and owls . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 2 ( 3 ) : 39 .
simple procedures aimed at exposing peat formation in bogs along the siberian crane migration routes might facilitate the passage for weaker cranes ( in the worst - case conservation scenario ) .
the last remaining western siberian crane has returned to its winter home in iran for the seventh consecutive year - having clocked up an incredible 78 , 000km in the process .
kashentseva , t . a . 2005 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 60 - 64 ( in russian and english ) .
wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of the siberian white crane ( grus leucogeranus ) migrating to the momoge nature reserve . – abstracts 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 38 ( in chinese abstracts ) .
these siberian cranes were frightened off three times by motorboats passing at 15 to 20 min intervals .
consequently , siberian cranes did not encounter their habitual foraging conditions while migrating across the taiga zone .
markin , yu . m . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2003 . siberian crane wintering in iranin 2002 / 03 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
wang qishan , and james t . harris , eds . 2002 . crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 ( supplement ) . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 1 - 80 .
the siberian crane can be found in a number of locations including : arctic , asia , china , russia . find out more about these places and what else lives there .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . red data book . the siberian crane . – kazakhstan ornithological newsletter . almaty : “tethys” . p . 73 ( in russian ) .
roschevsky , yu . k . 1973 . on breeding of siberian crane in priyanskaya tundra . – animals of volgariver basin . p . 34 - 38 ( in russian ) .
bog areas that were difficult for humans to access tended to retain a high local density of elk , which had very important effects on the foraging conditions for the siberian crane .
li jinlu , and feng kemin . 1991 . overwintering of red - crowned and siberian cranes in china . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 191 .
markin , yu . , a . ermakov , and yu . zatsepin . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in kunovatriver basinin 2003 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 33 - 36 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . and a . fazeli . 2011 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 72 - 73 ( in russian and english ) .
chan , simba . 2005 . data on crane sightings . japan . – crane working group of eurasia , 9 : 49 ( in russian and english ) .
nesterenko , o . n . 2002 . use of genetic methods for sexing cranes captive breeding programs . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 43
nagendran , meenakshi , and robert h . horwich . 1992 . isolation - rearing of siberian crane chicks at the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop : nongame wildlife program technical report . don a . wood . [ tallahassee , florida ] : floridagame and fresh water fish commission . p . 245 - 248 .
jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . search for alternative siberian crane wintering grounds in i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 68 - 69 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . , g . rusanov , and a . kashin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction in astrakhan nature reserve in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 76 - 79 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . russia . – newsletter of the crane working group of eurasia . moscow . vol . 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . , and g . archibald . 2005 . the siberian crane reintroduction in fereydoon kenar , iran , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 80 - 81 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . , and e . ilyashenko e . 2007 . the siberian crane migration in indigirka river valley , yakutia , russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 29 - 31 ( in russian and english ) .
che guicui , and ben yahua . 2000 . cure of fracture of a siberian crane . –heilongjiang animal science and veterinary medicine . vol . 1 : 27 ( in chinese ) .
friedman , judy . 1992 . operation siberian crane : the story behind the international effort to save an amazing bird . new york : dillon press . p . 1 - 96 .
germogenov , n . i . ( ed . ) . 1999 . siberian crane ecology and migration . research report . yakutsk . p . 1 - 25 ( in russian ) .
kasparek , max . 1987 . historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – bull . ornithol . soc . middle east . vol . 18 : 4 - 6 .
lanovenko , eugenia . 2003 . summering and autumn migration 2003 . central population . uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 5 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .