coenonympha dorus , the dusky heath , is a butterfly of the family nymphalidae .

it is found in south-western europe and north africa .

the length of the forewings is 16 – 17 mm .

the butterfly is on the wing from june to august .

the larvae feed on various grasses .

coenonympha dorus

coenonympha dorus austauti ; [ bmat ] : 86 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 8
coenonympha dorus ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 5 , f . 17 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha dorus fonti de sagarra , 1924 ; butll . inst . catal . hist . nat . ( 2 ) 4 ( 9 ) : 199 ; tl : albarracin ( aragó ) , 1100m
a particularly dark and sombre dorus . the unh post - discal band is very white and strongly contrasted to the adjacent bands . the colouring is rather cold and the unf ocellus is unusually large .
remarks : coenonympha dorus occurs from north africa across the iberian peninsula and southern france to italy . but in italy it is very local and scarce ( e . g . in central parts of the apennines ) . to the north it extends almost to lyon in the french rhone valley .
habitat : coenonympha dorus inhabits rocky or stony slopes , maquis and its degradation stages , pastures , road side verges and other grassy biotopes with open soil . it is quite demanding in southern france , but almost ubiquitous in dry habitats in parts of spain ( e . g . sierras of east spain ) .
coenonympha semenovi alphéraky , 1887 ; in romanoff , mem . lép . 3 : 405
coenonympha kodiak edwards , 1869 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 2 : 375
coenonympha elbana staudiger , 1901 ; cat . lep . palaearct . faunengeb . 1 : 66
? coenonympha decolorata wagner , 1913 ; ent . mitt . 2 ( 6 ) : 189
coenonympha haydeni ; [ bow ] : pl . 18 , f . 14 ; [ opler ]
coenonympha kodiak var . yukonensis holland , 1900 ; ent . news 11 ( 3 ) : 386
coenonympha tyderes ; [ bow ] : pl . 200 , f . 5 ( text only )
coenonympha pamphilus lyllus ; [ bmat ] : 84 , pl . 28 , f . 28 - 44
? coenonympha corinna corinnaeformis verity , 1914 ; boll . soc . ent . ital . 45 : 228
coenonympha corinna ; [ bow ] : pl . 5 , f . 16 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha fettigii fettigii ; [ bmat ] : 84 , pl . 29 , f . 9 - 11
coenonympha fettigii nicholasi ; [ bmat ] : 85 , pl . 29 , f . 12 - 17
coenonympha fettigii inframaculata ; [ bmat ] : 86 , pl . 29 , f . 18 - 31
coenonympha vaucheri vaucheri ; [ bmat ] : 86 , pl . 29 , f . 32 - 40
coenonympha vaucheri annoceuri ; [ bmat ] : 87 , pl . 29 , f . 41 - 48
coenonympha vaucheri rifensis ; [ bmat ] : 87 , pl . 29 , f . 49 - 57
coenonympha vaucheri beraberensis ; [ bmat ] : 87 , pl . 29 , f . 58 - 66
coenonympha iphioides ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 2 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha mongolica ; [ bru ] , 197 ; [ bow ] : pl . 200 , f . 10
coenonympha inornata ; [ nacl ] , # 4583 ; [ bow ] : pl . 18 , f . 7
= coenonympha pamphilus ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30
coenonympha pavonina alphéraky , 1888 ; stettin ent . ztg 49 : 66 ; tl : r . hei - ho
? coenonympha typhon laidon ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30
coenonympha california westwood , [ 1851 ] ; gen . diurn . lep . ( 2 ) : 398 ; tl : california
coenonympha glycerion beljaevi dubatolov , 1997 ; far eastern ent . 44 : 8 ; tl : s . primorye , spassk districk
coenonympha caeca heptopotamica sheljuzhko , 1929 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 19 : 352 ; tl : aulie - ata
coenonympha vaucheri rifensis weiss , 1979 ; entomops 48 : 271 , f . 1 ; tl : dj . lakraa ( morocco )
coenonympha inornata [ ? ] nipisquit mcdunnough , 1939 ; can . ent . 71 : 266 ; tl : near bathurst , new brunswick
coenonympha arcania ab . euthymia dannehl , 1927 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 17 ( 1 - 6 ) : 4
coenonympha leander ; [ bru ] , 195 ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 3 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha iphis ab . oikeia dannehl , 1927 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 17 ( 1 - 6 ) : 5
coenonympha glycerion ; [ bow ] : pl . 5 , f . 18 ; [ mrs ] , 405 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha oedippus ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 4 ; [ mrs ] , 403 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha pamphilus atlantea verity , 1926 ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 199 ; tl : atlas mts . ( morocco )
coenonympha saadi kollar , [ 1849 ] ; denkschr . akad . wiss . wien . 1 : 52 ; tl : shiraz , s . iran
coenonympha kodiak ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 4582
coenonympha caeca staudinger , 1886 ; stett . ent . ztg . 47 ( 7 - 9 ) : 251 ; tl : chatkalsky mts , uzbekistan
coenonympha vaucheri blachier , 1905 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1905 : 213 ; tl : high atlas mts . ( morocco )
coenonympha sinica alphéraky , 1888 ; stettin ent . ztg 49 : 66 ; tl : nian - chian - kette , djin - ta - sy
coenonympha kodiak yukonensis ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 4582b
coenonympha tiphon italica verity , 1914 ; boll . soc . ent . ital . 45 : 222 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27
coenonympha fettigii oberthür , 1874 ; petites nouv . ent . 1 ( 103 ) : 412 ; tl : province of oran [ telaghre ] ( algeria )
coenonympha fettigii fettigii ab . infra - simplex rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 1 ) : 118 ; tl : les pins ( algeria )
coenonympha arcanioides ; [ bow ] : pl . 5 , f . 12 ; [ bmat ] : 88 , pl . 28 , f . 45 - 49
coenonympha heros [ sic ] latifasciata matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 94 ; tl : ohtsu , hokkaido
coenonympha semenovi jiadengyuica huang & murayama , 1992 ; tyô to ga 43 ( 1 ) : 5 , f . 15 ; tl : jiadengyu , altai , 1380m
coenonympha leander trevincae wyatt , 1952 ; zs . wiender ent . ges . 37 : 207 ; tl : peña trevinca , orense , nw . spain , 1560m
coenonympha amaryllis ; [ bru ] , 194 ; [ bow ] : pl . 200 , f . 5 ; [ mrs ] , 403 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha tullia bosniae davenport , 1941 ; bull . mus . comp . zool . harv . 87 ( 4 ) : 244 - 245 ; tl : lake jesero , bosnia
coenonympha arcanioides f . nigro - ocellata stetter - stättermayer , 1933 ; int . ent . z . 27 : 340 ; tl : bône [ annaba ] ( algeria )
coenonympha mahometana alphéraky , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 ( 3 - 4 ) : 428 ; tl : kuldzha , kunges valley , w . china
coenonympha tullia ; [ bru ] , 193 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 6 ; [ opler ] ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha xinjiangensis chou & huang , 1994 ; in chou , monographia rhopalocerum sinensium 1 - 2 : 759 , 403 , f . 32 - 33 ; tl : xinjiang , jiandengyu
coenonympha vaucheri annoceuri wyatt , 1952 ; zs . wiener ent . ges . 37 : 175 , pl . 21 , f . b1 - b4 ; tl : annoceur ( morocco )
coenonympha arcania ; [ bru ] , 195 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 5 , f . 15 ; [ mrs ] , 405 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha hero ; [ bru ] , 196 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 1 ; [ mrs ] , 404 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonympha tiphon var . rhodopensis elwes , 1900 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1900 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : bulgaria , rila mts . , levi iskar , 5000ft
coenonympha vaucheri f . mediocellis le cerf , 1923 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1923 ( 17 ) : 224 ; tl : grand atlas , djebel tachdirt , 3100 - 3250m
coenonympha fettigii holli oberthür , 1910 ; ètud . lépid . comp . 4 : 42 , pl . 48 , f . 396 - 397 ; tl : blida - les - glaciéres ( algeria )
coenonympha heros [ sic ] pilwonis matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 95 , pl . 8 , f . 2 ♂ ; tl : saghalin
coenonympha nolckeni ; grum - grshimailo , 1890 , in romanoff , mém . lép . 4 : 497 ; [ bru ] , 196 ; [ bow ] : pl . 200 , f . 9
coenonympha nolckeni erschoff , 1874 ; in fedschenko , travels in turkestan . 2 ( 5 ) : 23 , pl . 2 , f . 17 ; tl : mt . naubid , zeravshan valley , uzbekistan
coenonympha mongolica alphéraky , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 ( 3 - 4 ) : 426 , 17 ( 1 - 2 ) pl . 1 , f . 26 ; tl : near kuldzha , china
coenonympha vaucheri beraberensis lay & rose , 1979 ; ent . z . frankf . a . m . 89 ( 13 ) : 143 , f . 2 ; tl : [ tizi - n ' ouguerd - zegzaoune ] ( morocco )
coenonympha sunbecca ; grum - grshimailo , 1890 , in romanoff , mém . lép . 4 : 498 ; [ bru ] , 197 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 200 , f . 7 ; [ mrs ] , 404
coenonympha tullia yontocket porter & mattoon , 1989 ; j . lep . soc . 43 ( 3 ) : 231 , f . 1 - 3 ; tl : california , del norte co . ( dunes n of crescent city , between lake earl and smith river )
coenonympha pamphilus ; grum - grshimailo , 1890 , in romanoff , mém . lép . 4 : 497 ; [ bru ] , 192 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 6 , f . 5 ; [ mrs ] , 404 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
coenonimpha [ sic ] pamphilus altopirenaica de sagarra , 1930 ; butll . inst . catal . hist . nat . ( 2 ) 10 ( 7 ) : 113
1000x1076 ( ~ 169kb ) underside russia , tatarstan , varkljed - bodja ( 56°13 ' n 52°49 ' e ) , about 20km s of agriz , 8 . 8 . 2004 , photo © markku savela
700x572 ( ~ 77kb ) underside france , sophia antipolis , 5 . 10 . 2000 , photo © markku savela
700x603 ( ~ 74kb ) underside france , sophia antipolis , 5 . 10 . 2000 , photo © markku savela
470x384 ( ~ 99kb ) underside czech republic , blansko , 15 . 6 . 2004 , photo © michal koupý
900x723 ( ~ 54kb ) underside finland , ab : suomusjärvi , 669 : 31 , 28 . 6 . 1998 photo © markku savela
larva on poaceae , poa , nardus , stipa , cynosurus , dactilis , festuca , anthoxanthum , brachypodium , ( etc . ) [ bru ] anthoxanthum odoratum , deschampsia caespitosa , d . flexuosa [ sprk ]
pamphilus marginata ( heyne , [ 1894 ] ) ; in rühl , die pal . gross - schmett . 1 : 619
pamphilus fulvolactea ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 205
pamphilus centralasiae ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 205
pamphilus infrarasa ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 206
pamphilus juldusica ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 206
pamphilus ferghana ( stauder , 1924 ) ; int . ent . z . 17 : 152
pamphilus nitidissima ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 199
pamphilus asiaemontium ( verity , 1926 ) ; zs . wiss . insektbiol . berlin 21 : 206
thyrsis ( freyer , 1845 ) ; neuere beitr . schmett . 5 : pl . 475 , f . 1
mesopotamica ( heyne , [ 1894 ] ) ; in rühl , die pal . gross - schmett . 1 : 617
mangeri ( o . bang - haas , 1927 ) ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 50
haydenii ( edwards , 1872 ) ; in hayden , geol . surv . montana : 467
444x358 ( ~ 40kb ) underside usa : alabama , 2 . 8 . 1999 , photo © vitaly charny
730x1025 ( ~ 173kb ) underside russian federation , adygea republic , caucasian nature reserve , lagonaki plateau , the blyam mt . environs , 12 july 2008 , photo © oleg kosterin
662x882 ( ~ 150kb ) underside russian federation , adygea republic , caucasian nature reserve , lagonaki plateau , the blyam mt . environs , 12 july 2008 , photo © oleg kosterin
959x1119 ( ~ 262kb ) underside russian federation , adygea republic , caucasian nature reserve , lagonaki plateau , the blyam mt . environs , 12 july 2008 , photo © oleg kosterin
649x956 ( ~ 145kb ) underside russian federation , adygea republic , caucasian nature reserve , lagonaki plateau , the blyam mt . environs , 12 july 2008 , photo © oleg kosterin
413x400 ( ~ 45kb ) underside male an alpine meadow , at 2200 m above sea level , on the eastern spurs of the katunskiy mt . range , the valley of the argem ( direntai ) stream , central altai mts . , west siberia , russia . 13th july , 1988 , photo © oleg kosterin
585x733 ( ~ 252kb ) underside male an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian } altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
alaska , yukon , nw . territories , n . siberia . see [ maps ]
larva on spartina patens , less festuca rubra webster , 1998 , j . lep . soc . 52 ( 4 ) : 350
700x510 ( ~ 33kb ) underside usa : lake sammamish park , issaquah ( 47°33 ' 36n 122°03 ' 25w ) , king co . , wa , 11 . 7 . 1999 , photo © markku savela
800x739 ( ~ 47kb ) underside usa : issaquah ( 47°32 ' 35n 122°04 ' 00w ) , king co . , wa , 7 . 7 . 1999 , photo © markku savela
500x439 ( ~ 34kb ) underside usa : fr9708 , table mtn , kittitas co . , wa , 19 . 7 . 1999 , photo © markku savela
900x1002 ( ~ 120kb ) underside usa : near tyler ( 47°27 ' 09
n 117°48 ' 41
w ) , spokane co . , washington , 18 . 8 . 2005 , photo © markku savela
pamirs - alai , ghissar , tian - shan - altai . see [ maps ]
ab . inocellata ( sheljuzhko , 1929 ) ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 19 : 352
italy , romania , bulgaria , albania , n . greece , yugoslavia . see [ maps ]
algeria ( blida , chrea , etc . ) , tunisia ( aïn draham , tunis )
morocco ( tizi - n ' ouguerd - zegzaoune , dj . aourach , imlil , lake tislit , etc . )
eu , asia minor , s . russia , s . urals . see [ maps ]
652x452 ( ~ 27kb ) underside male poland , tresta near tomaszow mazowiecki , 07 . 1997 , photo © marek michalski leg .
309x300 ( ~ 24kb ) underside an opening in an oak forest , the town krymsk environs , krymsk district , krasnodarskii krai province , s russia . 26th may 1990 , photo © oleg kosterin
517x689 ( ~ 57kb ) underside sweden , ekebo , julita , 5 . 7 . 2003 , photo © leif wahlberg
479x639 ( ~ 66kb ) underside sweden , ekebo , julita , 20 . 6 . 2004 , photo © leif wahlberg
470x441 ( ~ 93kb ) underside czech republic , blansko , 15 . 6 . 2004 , photo © michal koupý
hungary , bulgaria , s . russia , asia minor , armenia , iran . see [ maps ]
papilio leander esper , 1784 ; die schmett . th . i , bd . 2 ( 9 ) : 176 , pl . 89 , f . 5 ; tl : volga region , russia
larva on poa , melica , anthoxanthum , lolium [ bru ] , koenig , 1959 , hesselbarth et al , 1995 , etc .
ceu , neu , temperate asia , amur , korea , japan . see [ maps ]
coenonymphahero neoperseis fruhstorfer , 1908 ; int . ent . zs . 2 ( 2 ) : 10 ; tl : japan , nr . sapporo
478x640 ( ~ 92kb ) upperside underside male russia , n tuva , piykhemskiy distr . , h = 800 . , 06 . 1997 vashchenko s . n . leg , photo © d . smirnov
500x430 ( ~ 28kb ) underside finland , ylöjärvi , teivaala , 6828 : 320 , 16 . 7 . 1996 , photo © tero piirainen
470x443 ( ~ 80kb ) underside czech republic , blansko , 15 . 6 . 2004 , photo © michal koupý
470x379 ( ~ 76kb ) underside czech republic , blansko , 22 . 7 . 2004 , photo © michal koupý
600x400 ( ~ 60kb ) underside estonia , hiiumaa , kootsaare nina . 24 . 07 . 2004 , photo © hannu tanner
724x724 ( ~ 116kb ) underside russia , moscow area , 10 . 06 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
710x522 ( ~ 96kb ) underside male russia : moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 14 . 7 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
811x660 ( ~ 113kb ) underside female russia , moscow area , 18 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
872x1120 ( ~ 262kb ) underside a long - fallow land on the akkem river right bank terrace at the oroktoi brook mouth , katunskii range southern foot , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 8th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
979x1081 ( ~ 180kb ) underside russia , west siberia , the altai mts . , altai republic , shebalino district , the ulus - cherga village environs , a herbaceous meadow on southern slope . 11th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
? sunbecca var . alexandra ( heyne , [ 1894 ] ) ; ; tl : kirghizsky mts .
300x400 ( ~ 28kb ) underside a steppefied meadow in the middle flow of the kora river , 30 km ne of the tekeli city ( 1900 m above sea level ) , the north dzhungarskiy alatau mountain chain ( ne part of tien shan ) , taldy - kurgan province , se kazakhstan . 15th june , 1993 ( on artemisia santolinifolia turcz . ex besser ) , photo © oleg kosterin
coenonimpha [ sic ] iphioides pseudoamyntas de sagarra , 1930 ; butll . inst . catal . hist . nat . ( 2 ) 10 ( 7 ) : 113
612x520 ( ~ 45kb ) underside barbatona ( prov . guadalajara ) , spain 1 - august - 1989 , photo © enrique garcia - barros
ceu , s . siberia - ussuri , china , korea , japan . see [ maps ]
600x800 ( ~ 97kb ) underside male female a meadow steppe on the hill malyi batur on the left bank of the onon river 7 km upstream of the village nizhnii tsasuchei , onon district , chita province , se transbaikalia ( dahuria ) , siberia , russia . 11th july 1996 , photo © oleg kosterin
857x1133 ( ~ 217kb ) underside russia , west siberia , the altai mts . , altai republic , shebalino district , the ulus - cherga village environs , a herbaceous meadow on southern slope . 11th july 2007 ( on phlomis tuberosa ) , photo © oleg kosterin
1177x1309 ( ~ 266kb ) underside russia , west siberia , the altai mts . , altai republic , shebalino district , the ulus - cherga village environs , a herbaceous meadow on southern slope . 11th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
ghissar , alai , tian - shan , n . pamirs , w . pamirs . see [ maps ]
s . urals , altai mts , w . siberia , e . siberia , transbaikalia , amur , ussuri , china , mongolia , korea . see [ maps ]
borisovi ( korshunov & ivonin , 1996 ) ; ( infrasubsp . ) - baikal region
400x398 ( ~ 41kb ) underside the valley of the shivilig - khem river just upstream its leaving the the southern foot of the east tannu - ola mounatin range for the ubsu - nur hollow , tes - khem district , tuva republic , siberia , russia . 11th july 1990 , photo © oleg kosterin
1000x1058 ( ~ 190kb ) underside female china , qinghai prov , 20 km s tianjun ( 3900m ) , photo © a . timchenko leg .
1000x915 ( ~ 154kb ) upperside male china , qinghai prov , 20 km s tianjun ( 3900m ) , photo © a . timchenko leg .
1000x1062 ( ~ 176kb ) underside male china , qinghai prov , 20 km s tianjun ( 3900m ) , photo © a . timchenko leg .
the dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
lépidoptères du district de kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes . ( 1 - 3 )
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
descriptions of certain species of diurnal lepidoptera found within the limits of the united states and of british america . - no . [ 1 ] - 3
list of species of butterflies collected by campbell carrington and wm . b . logan , of the expedition [ to montana ] , in 1871 . preliminary report [ 5th ann . rep . ] u . s . geological survey of montana , by f . v . hayden in hayden ,
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . band 1
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . fortsetzung . band 2
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . supplement theil 1 . abschnitt 1
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . supplement theil 2
genera insectorum eorumque characters naturales secundum numerum , figuram , situm et proportionem . . .
neuere beiträge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur . ( 65 - 80 )
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
critical list of the collection of algerian lepidoptera of the late captain n . j . e . holl .
anotacions a la lepidopterologia ibérica v ( 2 ) . formes noves de lepidòpters ibérics
beitrag zur lepidopterenfauna des iligebietes sowie des sary - dschas ( asia centr . )
wyatt , 1952 einige neue tagfalterrassen aus spanien zs . wiender ent . ges . 37 : 204 - 207
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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host plants : the larva feeds on grasses . in provence i observed a larva on festuca ovina agg . ( massif de la sainte baume ) . in spain i recorded oviposition on a brachypodium species .
life cycle : the larva hibernates and is mature between late may and june . i observed it still small in early may in southern france ( provence , 1000m asl ) . the adults are on the wing between june and august ( according to altitude ) . i recorded fresh individuals quite abundant in mid / late july 2013 in eastern spain ( 600 - 1000m asl ) . in late august 2013 i still observed only a few worn individuals in sierra de albarracin in 1700m asl . oviposition takes place near the ground . the hatched larvae undergo an aestivation ( some weeks ) and start growing in early autumn .
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2017 photographs highlighted in yellow . click on any photograph to go to an enlarged picture , or simply scroll down the page .
a heat - loving butterfly limited to the far south - east ( in france ) , sometimes quite common . it is quite intricately marked and can vary between quite richly coloured , as 11117 , to quite washy as in 2499 . the underside metallic submarginal band is usually visible as in the enlarged version of 11117 below .
other heaths have this , and i find it quite strange that otherwise quite dull butterflies ( compared to their more illustrious cousins ) are blessed with a metallic stripe .
in the cévennes region of southern france the form microphthalma occurs , probably to the exclusion of the nominate form , where the ocelli are greatly reduced . this form is not mentioned in t & l although it is mentioned in tlid ( where it is described , probably incorrectly , as microphtalma ) . 43761 and 43766 are typical examples of this form .
unusually pale , and it doesn ' t seem due to wear . the ocelli are also quite small .
a fresh male , lovely bold ocelli and a wide fresh silver submarginal stripe .
an example of the form microphthalma from the cévennes . it has a very pale and warm colouring which makes the silver stripe , especially on the unh , stand out quite clearly .
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i first saw dusky heaths in spain in 1983 , but because the border with gibraltar ( where i lived and worked ) was then closed by the spanish on their own terms my camera was confiscated when i crossed it ! i saw another individual in hungary in 1994 but was unable to film it . i only got poor photos in the south of france in 2004 so it was with great joy i photographed the above individuals in july 2011 in spain .
this is a very distinctive butterfly . although superficially similar to some other heaths it is instantly identifiable in the field , not least by the outwardly curving row of spots on the hindwing . it is a characteristic butterfly of hot , dusty locations in spain , italy and the south of france .


known as taylor 's bow-fingered gecko , four-striped forest gecko and marbled bent-toed gecko , cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus is a species of gecko found in thailand , malaysia , singapore and indonesia .

cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus

cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus taylor 1962 : 210 cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus — taylor 1963 : 722 cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 227 cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus — cox et al . 1998 : 89 cyrtodactylus ( cyrtodactylus ) quadrivirgatus — rösler 2000 : 67 cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus — grismer 2011
figure 3 . upper : cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus from endau - rompin , johor . lower : c . quadrivirgatus from pulau langkawi , kedah .
upper : cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus from endau - rompin , johor . lower : c . . . . | download scientific diagram
goldberg , stephen r . and grismer , l . lee 2016 . cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus ( four - striped forest gecko ) reproduction herpetological review 47 ( 4 ) : 667 - 668
van tri , ngo 2011 . cyrtodactylus martini , another new karst - dwelling cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from northwestern vietnam . zootaxa 2834 : 33–46 - get paper here
das , indraneil d 2005 . bornean geckos of the genus cyrtodactylus . gekko 4 ( 2 ) : 11 - 19
chan kin onn & norhayati ahmad 2010 . a new insular species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from northeastern peninsular malaysia , malaysia . zootaxa 2389 : 47–56 - get paper here
ngo , van tri & l . lee grismer 2012 . a new endemic species of cyrtodactylus gray ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from tho chu island , southwestern vietnam . zootaxa 3228 : 48–60
tri , ngo van & onn , chan kinn 2010 . a new species of cyrtodactylus gray , 1826 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from khanh hoa province , southern vietnam . zootaxa 2504 : 47–60 - get paper here
grismer , l . lee & ahmad , n . 2008 . a new insular species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from the langkawi archipelago , kedah , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 1924 : 53–68 - get paper here
grismer l . lee & leong , t . m . 2005 . new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from southern peninsular malaysia . journal of herpetology 39 ( 4 ) : 584 - 591 - get paper here
grismer l . lee 2005 . new species of bent - toed gecko ( cyrtodactylus gray 1827 ) from pulau aur , johor , west malaysia . journal of herpetology 39 ( 3 ) : 424 - 432 . - get paper here
youmans , timothy m . & l . lee grismer 2006 . a new species of cyrtodactylus ( reptilia : squamata : gekkonidae ) from the seribuat archipelago , west malaysia . herpetological natural history 10 ( 1 ) : 61 - 70
sumontha , m . , panitvong , n . & deein , g . 2010 . cyrtodactylus auribalteatus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) , a new cave - dwelling gecko from phitsanulok province , thailand . zootaxa 2370 : 53–64 - get paper here
rösler , herbert ; thanh , vu ngoc ; truong , nguyen quang ; tri , ngo van & ziegler , thomas 2008 . a new cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from central vietnam . hamadryad 33 ( 1 ) : 48 – 63
grismer , l . l . ; wood , p . l . & youmans , t . m . 2007 . redescription of the gekkonid lizard cyrtodactylus sworderi ( smith 1925 ) from southern peninsular malaysia . hamadryad 31 ( 2 ) : 250 - 257
luu , vinh quang ; thomas calame , truong quang nguyen , michael bonkowski & thomas ziegler 2015 . a new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from the limestone forest of khammouane province , central laos . zootaxa 4058 ( 3 ) : 388–402
rösler , h . & glaw , f . 2008 . a new species of cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from malaysia including a literature survey of mensural and meristic data in the genus . zootaxa 1729 : 8–22 - get paper here
dring j c m 1979 . amphibians and reptiles from northern trengganu , malaysia , with descriptions of two new geckos : cnemaspis and cyrtodactylus . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) zoology 34 ( 5 ) : 181 - 241 - get paper here
schneider , nicole ; trung my phung , minh duc le , truong quang nguyen , & thomas ziegler 2014 . a new cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from khanh hoa province , southern vietnam . zootaxa 3785 ( 4 ) : 518–532 - get paper here
ngo van tri , l . lee grismer & j . l . grismer 2010 . a new species of cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) in phu quoc national park , kien giang biosphere reserve , southwestern vietnam . zootaxa 2604 : 37–51 - get paper here
grismer , l . lee ; chan k . onn ; grismer , j . k . ; wood , p . l . & belabut , d . 2008 . three new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 1921 : 1–23 - get paper here
mecke , sven ; max kieckbusch , lukas hartmann , hinrich kaiser 2016 . historical considerations and comments on the type series of cyrtodactylus marmoratus gray , 1831 , with an updated comparative table for the bent - toed geckos of the sunda islands and sulawesi . zootaxa 4175 ( 4 ) : 353–365
sumontha , montri ; olivier s . g . pauwels , nonn panitvong , kirati kunya & l . lee grismer 2015 . a new lowland forest bent - toed gecko ( squamata : gekkonidae : cyrtodactylus ) from ranong province , peninsular thailand . zootaxa 3911 ( 1 ) : 106–118 - get paper here
welton , luke j . ; cameron d . siler , arvin diesmos , and rafe m . brown 2009 . a new bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus ) from southern palawan island , philippines and clarification of the taxonomic status of c . annulatus . herpetologica 65 ( 3 ) : 328 - 343 - get paper here
strong > awal riyanto , l . lee grismer & perry l . wood , jr . ( 2015 ) cyrtodactylus rosichonariefi sp . nov . ( squamata : gekkonidae ) , a new swamp - dwelling bent - toed gecko from bunguran island ( great natuna ) , indonesia . zootaxa , 3964 ( 1 ) : 114–124 . < / strong
grismer , l . ; lee perry l . wood , jr . and kelvin k . p . lim 2012 . cyrtodactylus majulah , a new species of bent - toed gecko ( reptilia : squamata : gekkonidae ) from singapore and the riau archipelago . the raffles bulletin of zoology 60 ( 2 ) : 487 - 499 - get paper here
linkem , charles w . ; jimmy a . mcguire , christopher j . hayden , mohammed iqbal setiadi , david p . bickford , and rafe m . brown 2008 . a new species of bent - toe gecko ( gekkonidae : cyrtodactylus ) from sulawesi island , eastern indonesia . herpetologica 64 ( 2 ) : 224 - 234 - get paper here
welton , l . j , siler , c . d . , diesmos , a . c . & brown , r . m . 2010 . phylogeny - based species delimitation of southern philippines bent - toed geckos and a new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from western mindanao and the sulu archipelago . zootaxa 2390 : 49–68 - get paper here
grismer , l . lee ; shahrul anuar , mohd abdul muin , evan s . h . quah & perry l . wood , jr . 2013 . phylogenetic relationships and description of a new upland species of bent - toed gecko ( cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ) of the c . sworderi complex from northeastern peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3616 ( 3 ) : 239–252 - get paper here
hartmann , lukas ; sven mecke , max kieckbusch , felix mader , hinrich kaiser 2016 . a new species of bent - toed gecko , genus cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ( reptilia : squamata : gekkonidae ) , from jawa timur province , java , indonesia , with taxonomic remarks on c . fumosus ( müller , 1895 ) . zootaxa 4067 ( 5 ) : 552–568 - get paper here
quang , hoang xuan , nikolai l . orlov , natalia b . ananjeva , andrew g . johns , hoang n . thao and dau q . vinh . 2007 . description of a new species of the genus cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ( squamata : sauria : gekkonidae ) from the karst of north central vietnam . russ . j . herpetol . 14 ( 2 ) : 98 - 106 - get paper here
grismer , l . lee ; daicus m . belabut , , evan s . h . quah , chan kin onn , perry l . wood , jr . & rosli hasim 2014 . a new species of karst forest - adapted bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ) belonging to the c . sworderi complex from a threatened karst forest in perak , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3755 ( 5 ) : 434–446 - get paper here
grismer , l . lee ; p . l . wood , jr . , shahrul anuar , h . r . davis , a . j . cobos & m . l . murdoch 2016 . a new species of karst forest bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus gray ) not yet threatened by foreign cement companies and a summary of peninsular malaysia’s endemic karst forest herpetofauna and the need for its conservation zootaxa 4061 ( 1 ) : 001–017 - get paper here
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
habitat : this is a forest dwelling , scansorial , habitat generalist ranging from sea level to 1400 m in elevation .
chan - ard , t . , parr , j . w . k . & nabhitabhata , j . 2015 . a field guide to the reptiles of thailand . oxford university press , ny , 352 pp . [ see book reviews by pauwels & grismer 2015 and hikida 2015 for corrections ] - get paper here
chan - ard , t . ; grossmann , w . ; gumprecht , a . & schulz , k . d . 1999 . amphibians and reptiles of peninsular malaysia and thailand - an illustrated checklist [ bilingual english and german ] . bushmaster publications , würselen , gemany , 240 pp . [ book review in russ . j herp . 7 : 87 ] - get paper here
cox , merel j . ; van dijk , peter paul ; jarujin nabhitabhata & thirakhupt , kumthorn 1998 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand . ralph curtis publishing , 144 pp .
das , i . 2004 . lizards of borneo . natural history publications , kota kinabalu , borneo
grismer , l . lee ; chan k . onn , jesse l . grismer , perry l . wood , jr . , and a . norhayati 2010 . a checklist of the herpetofauna of the banjaran bintang , peninsular malaysia . russ . j . herpetol . 17 ( 2 ) : 147 - 160 - get paper here
grismer , l . l . 2011 . amphibians and reptiles of the seribuat archipelago . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 239 pp .
grismer , l . l . 2011 . lizards of peninsular malaysia , singapore and their adjacent archipelagos . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 728 pp . [ review in herp . rev . 43 : 155 ] - get paper here
grismer , l . l . , mcguire , j . a . ; sosa , r . & kaiser , h . 2002 . revised checklist and comments on the terrestrial herpetofauna of pulau tioman , peninsular malaysia . herpetological review 33 ( 1 ) : 26 - 29 - get paper here
hien , p . grossmann , w . & schäfer , c . 2001 . beitrag zur kenntnis der landbewohnenden reptilienfauna von pulau tioman , west - malaysia . sauria 23 ( 4 ) : 11 - 28 - get paper here
kreuzer , m . 2007 . eine möglichkeit zum einfangen ungewollter freigänger . sauria 29 ( 3 ) : 31 - 32 - get paper here
lim , k . k . p . & ng , h . h . 1999 . the terrestrial herpetofauna of pulau tioman , peninsular malaysia . raffles bull . zool . , suppl . no . 6 : 131 - 155 - get paper here
luu , vinh quang ; truong quang nguyen , minh duc le , michael bonkowski , thomas ziegler 2016 . a new species of karst - dwelling bent - toed gecko ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from khammouane province , central laos . zootaxa 4079 ( 1 ) : 087–102
manthey , u . & grossmann , w . 1997 . amphibien & reptilien südostasiens . natur und tier verlag ( münster ) , 512 pp . - get paper here
nur - amalina m . i . ; azhari , m . , norshaqinah , a . , nor azrin , n . a . , shukor , m . n . , aisah , m . s . , amirrudin , a . , grismer , l . l . and norhayati , a . 2017 . species composition of amphibians and reptiles in tembat forest reserve , hulu terengganu , terengganu , peninsular malaysia . malays . appl . biol . 46 ( 4 ) : 119–129 - get paper here
onn , chan kin ; j . van rooijen , l . lee grismer , daicus belabut , , mohd . abdul muin md . akil , hamidi jamaludin , rick gregory , and norhayati ahmad 2010 . first report on the herpetofauna of pulau pangkor , perak , malaysia . russ . j . herpetol . 17 ( 2 ) : 139 – 146 - get paper here
onn , chan kin ; mohd . shahfiz azman , nor azlin and pan khang aun 2009 . additions to the herpetofauna of pasoh forest reserve , negeri sembilan , peninsular malaysia . tropical life sciences research , 20 ( 1 ) : 71–80 - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1962 . new oriental reptiles . univ . kansas sci . bull . 43 : 209 - 263 - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1963 . the lizards of thailand . univ . kansas sci . bull . 44 : 687 - 1077 . - get paper here
teo , r . c . h . & rajathurai , s . 1997 . mammals , reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of singapore - diversity , abundance and distribution . proc . nature reserves survey seminar . gardens’ bulletin singapore 49 : 353 - 425
teynié , alexandre ; patrick david , & annemarie ohler 2010 . note on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from western sumatra ( indonesia ) , with the description of a new species of the genus bufo . zootaxa 2416 : 1–43 - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
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please note that this non - official list is not complete nor necessarily accurate . this list is a summary of checklists from other websites , blogs , publications , photo / videos published on various websites or our own findings . we appreciate your contributions with photo proof .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
continent : asia distribution : thailand ( khao chong , trang , pattani , narathiwat ) , w malaysia ( pulau langkawi , pulau pinang , perak , pahang , selangor , negeri sembilan , pulau tioman , borneo ) , singapore , indonesia ( n sumatra ) type locality : khao chong forest experiment station , trang province , thailand .
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ctenopharynx is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids from east africa .

two of its species are endemic to lake malawi , while the third occurs in lake malawi and the upper reaches of the shire river .

ctenopharynx

landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . “heterodon nankhumba” ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi
landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp . “heterodon nankhumba” ( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi | springerlink
landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp .
heterodon nankhumba
( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi
landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp .
heterodon nankhumba
( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi
landmark - based morphometric analysis of the body shape of two sympatric species , ctenopharynx pictus and otopharynx sp .
heterodon nankhumba
( teleostei : cichlidae ) , from lake malawi [ 2002 ]
maréchal , c . , 1991 . ctenopharynx . p . 60 - 61 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 4981 )
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )
justification : endemic to lake malawi . it is know to have declined in the southern arms of the lake , probably due to the commercial trawl fishery , but is assumed to remain stable in all other parts of the lake where demersal trawling is absent .
prefers shallow areas of sandy shores or habitats with a mud / silt substrate . it can also be found below 30 m . feeds on plankton . it is reported to have declined substantially in abundance in the southeastern arm of the lake south of boadzulu island due to the impact of demersal trawling in the area . known as
haplochromis nitidus
in the aquarium trade
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
justification : endemic to lake malawi . widespread distribution with no major widespread threats identified .
occurs in sediment rich , rocky habitats at depths between 7–30 m . feeds on small invertebrates found in the sediment . known as
haplochromis pictus
or
haplochromis nitidus
in the aquarium trade .
greek , kteis , ktenos = comb + greek , pharyngx = pharynx ( ref . 45335 )
from the latin
pictus
= painted , coloured ( ref . 55925 )
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; depth range ? - 78 m ( ref . 55925 ) . tropical ; 24°c - 26°c ( ref . 2060 ) ; 9°s - 15°s
africa : endemic to lake malawi . occurs in monkey bay , nankumba , otter point , domwe and thumbi west islands and the north end of lake malawi .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 12 . 6 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4981 )
diagnosis : high number of gill - rakers on lower outer arch ( 32 - 38 ) ; long head , 35 . 6 - 40 . 6 % of standard length , and correlated with this a more posterior position of dorsal , pectoral and pelvic fins ; long premaxillary pedicel , 33 . 0 - 38 . 4 % head length ( ref . 55925 ) .
inhabits rocky areas with a deposit of fine sediment ( ref . 267 , 55925 ) , but also found on soft - bottom habitats ( ref . 55925 ) . feeds on small invertebrates , mainly benthic copepods ( ref . 267 , 55925 ) obtained by sucking up the fine sediment and passing it over the gill - rakers ( ref . 267 ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 00 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 14 of 100 ) .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
, a distinctively marked member of the
three - spot
assemblage which feeds on zooplankton . despite their diet , members of the genus
species are utaka . photo copyright © 1997 by m . k . oliver .
last update : 22 october 2001 web author : m . k . oliver , ph . d . copyright © 1997 - 2018 by m . k . oliver - all rights reserved
acknowledgments we thank dr . dean adams for his constructive ideas on the gm methodology and the manuscript itself . katherine martin , dr . andrew rossiter , and dr . juanito dasilao deserve our heartfelt thanks also for their criticisms and good suggestions on this manuscript . the malawi government through its fisheries department deserve also our thankfulness for permitting us to collect samples from lake malawi . many thanks to dr . ad konings who provided us with images for the two species .
laboratory of aquatic ecology , united graduate school of agricultural science , ehime university , b 200 monobe , nankoku , kochi 783 - 8502 , japan ( e - mail : ddk , kassam @ cc . kochi - u . ac . jp )
wwf japan , nihonseimei akabanebashi building , 6 fl . , 3 - 1 - 14 shiba , minato - ku , tokyo 105 - 0014 , japan
table 1 : the species is currently present in 2 of them ( endemic , native , introduced ) ; table 2 : possible in 0 of them ( stray , questionable ) ; table 3 : absent from 0 of them ( extirpated , not established , misidentification , error ) . table 4 : all reports listed together .
the literature species report in a country is represented by an icon ( a circle ) in the middle of the country polygon .
: a report in the literature does not necessarily mean that the species is currently present in the country ! there are errors in literature , misidentifications , and some species have been locally or globally extirpated or eradicated .
introduction status : a white ' i ' in the middle of the circle indicates that the species has been introduced , if the presence ring is green it means that the species established itself or that we don ' t know the current presence status , if the presence ring is red it means that the species did not established itself .
threat status : the pattern of the ring ( not dashed : not threatened or no information ; dashed : any status indicating that the species has a national threatened ) . important : this is the national threatened status , not the global iucn one .
salinity status = milieu : the colours in the middle circle ( blue : marine ; green : brackish ; light blue : freshwater ; dark green : land ) .
the icon in a country polygon indicates that the species has been reported at least once in the country , but not necessarily that it is present in the entire country .
it is particularly the case for large country such as brazil , usa , canada , russia , china , india , indonesia , australia , etc .
for example , a number of freshwater species present in western european countries are also present in the western part of russia , but not beyond the ural mountains . still the icon for russia is placed in its asian part .
the icon is placed approximately in the middle of the country , even for the species that are marine only .
for marine species , it does not mean either that the species is present in all oceanic coasts of the countries ( e . g . , altlantic and pacific for usa and canada ) .
so the map needs to be interpreted carefully , but we think it helps to give a quick view of the distribution by country , in a better way than the textual list of countries when it is over a dozen countries .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3234f3f4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 324ac511 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 38367036 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 865c04e3 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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cosmosoma salvini is a moth of the arctiidae family .

it was described by butler in 1876 .

it is found in panama and costa rica .

cosmosoma salvini

description : cosmosoma salvini ( butler , 1876 ) taxonomy . class insecta → subclass pterygota → infraclass neoptera → superorder holometabola → order lepidoptera → superfamily noctuoidea → family arctiidae → subfamily ctenuchinae → genus cosmosoma → species cosmosoma salvini . species name ( s ) cosmosoma salvini ( butler , 1876 ) = …
description : salvini tend to prefer a sand substrate . a lot of hiding places are a necessity if you intend to keep more than one salvini , or if you intend to keep the salvini with other aggressive fish . plants will be appreciated but salvini require a large open area for swimming too .
description : matteo salvini leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio .
description : ogni giorno tutti i video delle partecipazioni mediatiche e degli eventi di matteo salvini , leader della lega , presidente di noi con salvini , parlamentare eu . . .
76 . tagliavini 77 . tarquinio provini 78 . tom savini 79 . tommaso salvini 80 . tribe bovini 81 . ursavini 82 . us with salvini 83 . valentina lodovini 84 . vini
description : species - salvini = named after o . salvin . intro : ' cichlasoma ' salvini is a beautiful , medium sized central american cichlid . although not large compared to some of the central american guapotes ,
cichlasoma
salvini packs the same amount of punch . these little guys are tenacious .
cosmosoma dubium rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : jamaica
cosmosoma metallicum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : bogota
cosmosoma stuarti rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : iquitos
cosmosoma viridicingulatum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : ecuador
description : the latest tweets from matteo salvini ( @ matteosalvinimi ) . leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio
cosmosoma simillimum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : amazon river
26 . gianni minervini 27 . giorgio salvini 28 . giuseppe tovini 29 . glauco sansovini 30 . gm europa ovini 31 . guido salvini 32 . heidi tagliavini 33 . hildesvini 34 . hildisvini 35 . incisura rivini 36 . indovini 37 . laki pingvini 38 . leo colovini 39 . lorenzo stovini 40 . lucas giovini 41 . luigi ferdinando tagliavini 42 . marcello cervini 43 . marco sansovini 44 . mario salvini 45 . matteo salvini 46 . maurelio scanavini 47 . maurizio savini 48 . minervini 49 . mirko savini 50 . mohammad ghazvini
cosmosoma bricenoi rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : mérida , venezuela
cosmosoma lucens dognin , 1902 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 46 : 226 ; tl : popayan , colombia
cosmosoma villia druce , 1906 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 18 : 78 ; tl : peru
gymnelia salvini ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
cosmosoma hampsoni klages , 1906 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 : 534 ; tl : suapure , venezuela
cosmosoma steinbachi rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : buenavista , east bolivia , 750m
cosmosoma baroni rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : zamora , ecuador , 3000 - 4000ft
cosmosoma zelosa dognin , 1899 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 43 ( 5 ) : 251 ; tl : micay , colombia
homoeocera salvini butler , 1876 ; j . linn . soc . lond . zool . 12 ( 60 - 62 ) : 376 ; tl : obispo , panama
cosmosoma colona schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 177 ; tl : sixola
cosmosoma guapila schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 176 ; tl : guapiles
cosmosoma ichneumonoides rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : santa cruz de la sierra , east bolivia
cosmosoma nobilis schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 175 ; tl : juan vinas
cosmosoma carabayanum rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya , se . peru , 6000ft
description : the latest tweets from matteo salvini ( @ matteosaivini ) . parlamentare europeo dal 2009 e attuale segretario federale della lega nord . dal 1993 al 2013 consigliere comunale . # stopinvasione # parody
description : matteo salvini . 2 , 763 , 337 likes · 2 , 166 , 950 talking about this . leader della lega . ministro dell’interno e vicepresidente del consiglio . web : . . .
51 . mohammad tahir qazvini 52 . mohammad tahir vahid qazvini 53 . morteza avini 54 . nervini 55 . nikad izvini 56 . os2 membri pelvini 57 . ottavini 58 . ovibovini 59 . ovini 60 . peromyscus slevini 61 . phyllolepis orvini 62 . pietro scalvini 63 . primum familiae vini 64 . provini 65 . pulvini 66 . rovini 67 . salvini 68 . sandro salvini 69 . savini 70 . scalvini 71 . sergio garavini 72 . shivini 73 . societas verbi divini 74 . soldavini 75 . steve borgovini
1 . alfonso savini 2 . aref ghazvini 3 . aref qazvini 4 . ashvini 5 . ayrton badovini 6 . bhavini 7 . bovini 8 . bruno uvini 9 . calvini 10 . carta dei vini 11 . carte dei vini 12 . cingulum membri pelvini 13 . civil aviation department ashvini 14 . covini 15 . craig minervini 16 . divini 17 . emanuele rovini 18 . eurytides salvini 19 . fausta garavini 20 . ferruccio tagliavini 21 . filippo savini 22 . gabriela tagliavini 23 . gazvini 24 . ghazvini 25 . gianmarco gerevini
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
= autochloris ; hampson , 1905 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 15 ( 89 ) : 427 ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 102 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia abdominalis rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : pebas , amazon
gymnelia baroni ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera beata butler , 1876 ; j . linn . soc . lond . zool . 12 ( 60 - 62 ) : 376 ; tl : colombia , santa marta
gymnelia beata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera beatrix druce , 1884 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 51 , 3 pl . 6 , f . 25 ; tl : panama , volcan de chiriqui ; bugaba ; san felz
gymnelia beatrix ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia bricenoi ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia carabayana ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia cennocha schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 4 ; tl : rio trinidad , panama
homoeocera cincta schaus , 1894 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1894 : 225 ; tl : venezuela , aroa
gymnelia cincta ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia colona ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia doncasteri rothschild , 1911 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 1 ) : 28 ; tl : caracas , venezuela
gymnelia doncasteri ; rothschild , 1913 , novit . zool . 20 : 471 , pl . 14 , f . 17 ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 122 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia dubia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 114 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia drucei schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 3 ; tl : head of carare river , colombia
andrenimorpha ethodaea ; hernández - baz & grados , 2004 , folia ent . mex . 43 ( 2 ) : 212
isanthrene eusebia druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 373 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymenlia eusebia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia felderi rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : amazon
gymnelia flavicapilla rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : san esteban , venezuela
gymnelia flavitarsis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
isanthrene gaza schaus , 1892 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1892 : 274 ; tl : peru
gymnelia gaza ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis gemmifera walker , 1854 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 1 : 152 ; tl : venezuela
gymnelia gemmifera ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia guapila ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 , pl . 5 , f . 32 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia hampsoni ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 , pl . 5 , f . 30 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia hyaloxantha dognin , 1914 ; hét . nouv . am . sud . 7 : 4 ; tl : muzo , colombia
gymnelia hyaloxantha ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia ichneumonoides ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 122 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis laennus walker , 1854 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 1 : 154 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro
gymnelia latimarginata hampson , 1898 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 , pl . 7 , f . 27 ; tl : colombia , bogota
gymnelia lucens ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 120 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia ludga schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 4 ; tl : colombia ?
erruca lycopolis druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 , pl . 39 , f . 7 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymnelia lycopolis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera lyrcea druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 ; tl : ecuador , intaj
gymnelia lyrcea ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 190 , pl . 7 , f . 9 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia metallica ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 113 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia nigricornis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 116 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia nobilis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia paranapanema dognin , 1911 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 2 : 4 ; tl : saint - paul , brazil
gymnelia paranapanema ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 123 , pl . 6 , f . 6 ; [ nhm card ]
gymneila pavo hampson , 1914 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 115 , pl . 5 , f . 28 ; tl : peru , huancabamba
gymnelia peculiaris rothschild , 1931 ; novit . zool . 37 : 154 ; tl : mapiri , bolivia
gymnelia peratea dognin , 1910 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 1 : 3 ; tl : alto de las cruces , san - antonio , cali , colombia
gymnelia peratea ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 , pl . 6 , f . 5 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia perniciosa dognin , 1923 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 23 : 1 ; tl : pacho , 2200m , colombia
gymnelia semicincta kaye , 1918 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 2 ( 9 ) : 228 ; tl : colombia , valparaiso
gymnelia scita ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 119 ; [ nhm card ]
erruca sephela druce , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 : 375 ; tl : ecuador , sarayacu
gymnelia steinbachi ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia stuarti ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia taos ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 115 ; [ nhm card ]
homoeocera tarapotensis druce , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 302 ; tl : peru , tarapoto
gymnelia tarapotensis ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 117 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia vesparia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia villia ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 118 , pl . 5 , f . 31 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia viridicingulata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
glaucopis xanthogastra perty , 1834 ; delectus anim . art . brasil : 156 , pl . 31 , f . 5 ; tl : brazil
gymnelia xanthogastra ; hampson , 1898 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 1 : 191 , f . 90 ; schrottky , 1910 , dt . ent . z . iris 24 ( 6 / 7 ) : 149 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia zelosa ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 114 , pl . 5 , f . 29 ; [ nhm card ]
gymnelia frutera schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 111 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
delectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per brasilian collegerunt dr . j . b . de spix et dr . c . f . ph . de martius
descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from brazil , mexico , and peru . part i & ii
zerny , 1912 syntomidae in wagner , lep . cat . 7 : 1 - 179
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 6 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 4 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 58 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 19 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
2010 : annotated check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico .
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hi scott - mariapuravida ' s photo was taken just meters away from where we saw this one . i knew i ' d seen a photo of it somewhere before !
you ' re welcome manuel . alas another very close , but with no id to help us ! urltoken
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