the pincushion ray or thorny freshwater stingray ( dasyatis ukpam ) is a little-known species of stingray in the family dasyatidae , found in the rivers and lakes of west and middle africa .

a heavy-bodied ray measuring up to 1.2 m ( 4 ft ) across , this species can be distinguished by its rounded pectoral fin disk , reduced or absent stinging tail spine , and — in adults — numerous stout thorns covering its back and tail .

in lieu of a long tail spine as in other stingrays , the pincushion ray employs these thorny denticles in defense .

seldom encountered since it was originally described , this species has been assessed as endangered by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) .

pincushion ray

distortion correction , e . g . for pincushion distortion correction , s - correction
wikipedia article copyright notice : this article is licensed under the gnu free documentation license . it uses material from the wikipedia article
pincushion ray
.
a warm day , a mass of blooming pincushion daisy exudes a pleasant aroma . the pompom
distortion correction , e . g . for pincushion distortion correction , s - correction using active elements
a principal object of the invention is to provide a novel top / bottom pincushion correction circuit .
automated and accurate assessment of the distribution , magnitude , and direction of pincushion distortion in angiographic images .
glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - pincushion ray facts
( online ) - licensed article from wikipedia : the free encyclopedia . accessed
gamma - ray photon interacts and deposits energy . when a gamma - ray interacts in a material , there are two principal possible interactions as depicted in
the pincushion ray or thorny freshwater stingray ( dasyatis ukpam ) is a little - known species of stingray in the family dasyatidae , found in the rivers and lakes of west africa .
compagno , l . j . v . , pincushion ray or thorny freshwater stingray urogymnus ukpam ( smith , 1863 ) . pp . 353 - 354 , tab . 8 . 101 .
notes on a movement of young banded stilts . ray garstone and brian jefferies .
this invention relates to a beam deflector for use with a cathode ray tube .
) that typical gamma - ray interactions generate a large number of charge carriers .
meng lj . an intensified emccd camera for low energy gamma ray imaging applications .
pincushion distortion as used herein refers to the inward bowing of a rectangular display on the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube including such distortion of the horizontal trace lines due to nonuniform vertical deflection .
mehta d , chand b , singh s , garg m , singh n , cheema t , trehan p . x - ray and gamma - ray intensity measurements in
another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube apparatus having two electron beam deflection systems in which pincushion distortion is eliminated from the beam displays in a simple and inexpensive manner .
anger ho . use of a gamma - ray pinhole camera for in vivo studies .
automated and accurate assessment of the distribution , magnitude , and direction of pincushion distortion in angiographic images . - pubmed - ncbi
pincushion millipedes ( diplopoda : polyxenida ) : their aggregations and identity in western australia . by l . e . koch .
it is a further object of this invention to more efficiently deflect an electron beam while , simultaneously , overcoming pincushion distortion .
with the above - described arrangement , separate controls control the three characteristics of the pincushion correction signals applied to multiplier 66 , that is , the amplitude , phase and tilt of the ramp and separate pincushion correction signals are available for independent top and bottom correction . since the controls are not interactive , fast and accurate correction of top and bottom pincushion raster distortion are possible .
notes on nesting of gull - billed terns ( gelochelidon nilotica ) . by ray garstone .
luke pn , eissler ee . performance of cdznte coplanar - grid gamma - ray detectors .
facts summary : the pincushion ray ( urogymnus ukpam ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group
fishes
and found in the following area ( s ) : gabon , nigeria , republic of congo .
petals on pincushion daisy are small and inconspicuous , but what the blooms lack in body , they make up for in fragrance .
another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for independently correcting a raster for top and bottom pincushion distortion .
marshall f - h , coltman jw , hunter lp . the photomultiplier x - ray detector .
with modern . compact , cathode ray tubes having large deflection angles , a problem of pincushion distortion has been encountered in attempts to accurately display information on the cathode ray tube . this problem has been substantialy lessened by the addition of capacitance in the deflection winding circuit to alter the substantially linear ramp of current into an s shape .
pincushion distortion continues to be a potential problem for the accurate assessment of arterial and catheter dimensions from x - ray angiograms . the authors investigate whether the distortion of state - of - the - art intensifiers is yet small enough to be neglected , and whether the rotation / angulation of the x - ray system plays a significant role .
said deflection winding being positioned in spaced relation to said cathode ray tube for deflecting said electron beam .
shows the flood histogram of one lyso crystal array of the module . all 64 crystals are clearly identifiable . a pincushion effect is evident from the figure , which is due to nonlinearity caused by the resistive sheet in the psapd . a correction method for this pincushion effect has been proposed in
a further object of the invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having two pairs of vertical deflection plates in which an auxiliary deflection plate is employed between the two pairs of plates forwardly of their output ends in order to correct pincushion distortion .
given the aforementioned facts , we ignore insignificant sources of distortion and assume that the uneven gantry sag between the frontal x - ray system and the lateral x - ray system is the only reason accounting for the isocenter offset . by this assumption , we define the imaging geometry as one x - ray system in fixed position with a shift equal to the amount of the isocenter offset in the other x - ray system . figure
augustine fl . multiplexed readout electronics for imaging spectroscopy of high - energy x - ray and gamma photons .
barrett hh , eskin jd , barber hb . charge transport in arrays of semiconductor gamma - ray detectors .
bell ro , entine g , serreze hb . time - dependent polarization of cdte gamma - ray detectors .
patt be , beyerle ag , dolin rc , ortale c . developments in mercuric iodide gamma ray imaging .
as shown in fig . 5a , a rectangular display produced by the upper electron beam passing through vertical deflection plates 30 may be formed with pincushion distortion 94 in its top edge as well as pincushion distortion 96 in its bottom edge due to the nonuniform vertical deflection of the electron beam at the outer extremities of the horizontal sweep . by properly adjusting the voltage on the wallband electrode 88 with variable resistor 92 , the pincushion distortion on the upper edge 94 of such display may be corrected to a straight line 94 ' as shown in fig . 5b . in a single beam cathode ray tube this would also correct the pincushion distortion 96 at the bottom of the display . however in a cathode ray tube having two separate deflection systems as shown on fig . 1 , the wallband electrode pincushion correction does not compensate for the pincushion distortion 96 at the bottom of the display formed by such upper beam . thus as shown in fig . 5b , the pincushion distortion 96 still exists in the bottom edge of the display and there is also some slight distortion 98 in the centerline of the display . the auxiliary deflection plate 44 corrects the pincushion distortions 96 and 98 and results in a final display in which the bottom edge 96 ' and the centerline 98 ' are both straight horizontal lines so that such display is entirely free of pincushion distortion as shown in fig . 5c . it should be noted that the vertical deflection systems are so designed that each deflects its electron beam over the full vertical height of the screen . therefore a similar display to figs . 5a , 5b and 5c is produced by the lower beam except that the pincushion distortion 96 and 98 corrected by the auxiliary deflection plate in this case is reversed and produced on the upper half of the trace while the pincushion distortion 94 corrected by the wallband is on the bottom of the trace .
a further object of the invention is to provide an improved top / bottom pincushion correction circuit that enables rapid and accurate raster correction on the crt .
cathode - ray oscilloscopes ; oscilloscopes using other screens than crt ' s , e . g . lcd ' s
2 . the electromagnetic deflection system of claim 1 , further comprising : a cathode ray tube for generating said electron beam ; said deflection winding being positioned in spaced relation to said cathode ray tube for deflecting said electron beam .
despite all of the above mentioned solutions in the field of gamma - ray detection as discussed above , there is a strong need for increasing the read - out frequency of the measured scintillations in order to be able to use similar techniques in dr and ct and other applications with rapid arrival of x - ray or gamma - ray photons . advances in systems are therefore strongly desired requiring high - speed and highly - sensitive x - ray detectors .
] . due to the absence of pincushion distortion in modern x - ray image intensifiers , each projection point should intersect with its corresponding epipolar line , when no system distortion is present . however , due to the presence of the isocenter offset , the projection of reference point
switch means for selectively activating said adjustment means for independently controlling pincushion correction of the top and bottom portions of said raster with said two correction signals , respectively .
the rusty - tailed flyeater , a new species from queensland . by ray garstone and r . e . johnstone .
furenlid lr , clarkson e , marks dg , barrett hh . spatial pileup considerations for pixellated gamma - ray detectors .
the distortion is highly dependent upon the actual spatial position of the image intensifier , and correcting for pincushion distortion may therefore introduce larger errors than leaving the measurements uncorrected .
yellow pincushion . chaenactis glabriuscula dc . var . tenuifolia ( nutt . ) hall ; c . tenuifolia nutt . • ma . wool waste , roadsides , fields .
arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam , e . g . electron - optical arrangement
when pincushion distortion occurs in cathode ray tubes having large deflection angles , the amplitude of the sinusoidal current flowing in the deflection winding is adjusted and coordinated with the trace portion of the current waveform so that the current waveform flowing in the deflection winding during the trace period is substantially s shaped .
magnetic deflection is normally used in cathode ray tubes such as television picture tubes or the like having an electric gun provided to emit electrons toward a fluorescent screen . it is the common practice to deflect an electron beam in a cathode ray tube by a deflection yoke provided around the neck portion of the cathode ray tube . the deflection yoke has a coil portion wound to have a uniform thickness so as to produce a uniform magnetic field deflecting the electron beam in the cathode ray tube . the uniform magnetic field provides a good beam - focusing performance ; however , it tends to cause picture distortion at and near the edges of the screen of the cathode ray tube . in order to correct the picture distortion , the deflection yoke has another coil portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness so as to produce a pincushion magnetic field for deflecting the electron beam in the cathode ray tube . however , the pincushion magnetic field tends to degrade the beam - focusing performance . therefore , the conventional beam deflector cannot correct the picture distortion to a sufficient degree without the significant sacrifice of the beam - focusing performance .
still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube apparatus of the type described above in which the auxiliary deflection plate is connected to a control circuit which produces a correction signal in response to the horizontal sweep signal of such tube in order to automatically correct for pincushion distortion .
in cathode ray tubes having a single electron beam , it is conventional to correct pincushion distortion by varying the voltage on a wallband electrode coated on the inner surface of the tube envelope and positioned between the output ends of the vertical deflection plates and the fluorescent screen . however in cathode ray tubes having two beams and associated deflection systems , conventional correction of pincushion distortion isnot effective with respect to the bottom portion of the upper beam trace or the top portion of the lower beam trace . this lack of effectiveness is due to the orientation of the two beams as they pass through the field formed by the wallband electrode .
szeles c , soldner sa , vydrin s , graves j , bale ds . cdznte semiconductor detectors for spectroscopic x - ray imaging .
background of invention the subject matter of the present invention relates generally to electron beam tubes having two beams and associated deflection systems , and in particular to cathode ray tubes having two deflection systems in which an auxiliary deflection plate is positioned between the two pairs of vertical deflection plates at their outputs in order to correct pincushion distortion .
pebble pincushion is a common component of desert vegetation communities in washes and other gravelly and rocky soils . around las vegas , look for this species in washes at lake mead and death valley .
hunter w , barrett hh , furenlid lr . calibration method for ml estimation of 3d interaction position in a thick gamma - ray detector .
shah ks , farrell r , grazioso r , harmon es , karplus e . position - sensitive avalanche photodiodes for gamma - ray imaging .
flowers : flowers in heads at the tip of flower stalks ; white , disk flowers only ( no ray flowers ) ; blooms during spring .
meng lj , tan jw , spartiotis k , schulman t . preliminary evaluation of a novel energy - resolved photon - counting gamma ray detector .
compagno , l . j . v . 1988 . the birth of a manta ray ? underwater 1988 ( 2nd quarter ) : 19 , ill .
yellow pincushion is a native of chaparral and woodlands of the peninsular ranges of baja california , mexico . surprisingly , it is known in new england from collections in massachusetts , where it is unlikely to persist .
he z , li w , knoll gf , wehe dk , berry j , stahle cm . 3 - d position sensitive cdznte gamma - ray spectrometers .
schmid gj , beckedahl da , kammeraad je , blair jj , vetter k , kuhn a . gamma - ray compton camera imaging with a segmented hpge .
the location and degree of distortion from x - ray images of a centimeter grid , which is positioned against the input screen of the image intensifier , are assessed automatically using image processing techniques . a value for the maximum amount of change in the distortion vector field is derived that allows the estimation of the maximum relative error associated with a diameter measurement uncorrected for pincushion distortion .
switch means for selectively activating both said first and said third adjustment means , and both said second and said fourth adjustment means , respectively , for independently controlling pincushion correction of the top and bottom portions of said raster .
fiorini c , longoni a , perotti f . new detectors for [ gamma ] - ray spectroscopy and imaging , based on scintillators coupled to silicon drift detectors .
there is provided , in accordance with the invention , a beam deflector for deflecting an electron beam in a cathode ray tube having a screen and a neck portion positioned in rear of the screen . the beam deflector comprises a deflection coil provided around the neck portion of the cathode ray tube for producing a deflecting magnetic field . the deflection coil has a front end close to the screen , a first portion wound except for the front end to produce a uniform magnetic field and a second portion wound at the front end to produce a pincushion magnetic field .
blank - unblank means for allowing said electron beam to reach the face of said cathode ray tube during a substantially s shaped portion of the waveform of said sinusoidal current and inhibiting the electron beam from reaching the face of said cathode ray tube during another portion . of the waveform of said sinusoidal current flowing in said deflection winding .
baciak je , he z , devito rp . electron trapping variations in single - crystal pixelated hgi < sub > 2 < / sub > gamma - ray spectrometers .
barrett hh , hunter wcj , miller bw , moore sk , chen y , furenlid lr . maximum - likelihood methods for processing signals from gamma - ray detectors .
nagarkar vv , gupta tk , miller sr , klugerman y , squillante mr , entine g . structured csi ( tl ) scintillators for x - ray imaging applications .
moreover , background x - ray scintillation detectors respond to the total amount of light collected on each pixel during a exposure time which may be very long , around 0 . 1 s . this causes several problems . first , there is a randomness , called swank noise , due to the variable amount of light , arising in large part from the random x - ray energy . second , there is a loss of spatial resolution because the light from one x - ray photon can spread to multiple pixels . third , x - ray photons of different energy are attenuated differently as they pass through the patient ' s body , leading to image defects in ct referred to as beam - hardening artifacts . therefore , with the background art it is not possible to take advantage of the information provided by the x - ray photons for optimal diagnosis .
these and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon reading the following description in conjunction with the drawing , the single figure of which is a combined block and schematic diagram of the pincushion correction circuit of the invention .
as is well - known in the television art , the raster or deflection pattern produced on a spherical face of a cathode ray tube ( crt ) suffers pincushion distortion as the center of deflection of the electron beam deviates from the center of curvature of the screen . with non - spherically faced crt ' s , the effect of pincushion distortion is more pronounced . trapezoidal and other types of distortion are also introduced if the yoke ( deflection winding structure ) is not accurately positioned on the neck of the crt . compounding the problem , is the multi - gun shadow mask type of crt which requires that the plural beams from the electron guns converge at the phosphor target for color purity . the distortion correction circuits of the prior art add appropriate currents to the deflection yokes for straightening the top / bottom , and left and right sides of the scanned raster . as will be apparent to those skilled in the art , the yoke structure itself may be designed to compensate for a portion of the pincushion error . it is common to incorporate a combination of mechanical correction in the yoke with electrical pincushion correction circuitry .
a cathode ray tube having two electron beams and associated deflection systems is described in which an auxiliary deflection plate is employed between two pairs of vertical deflection plates at their outputs to correct pincushion distortion . a correction signal is produced by a control circuit and applied to the auxiliary deflection plate in response to a ramp voltage input corresponding to the horizontal sweep signal . the correction signal is a positive going peak shaped voltage so that the auxiliary deflection plate tends to vertically deflect the beams away from such plate at both the start and end of the horizontal sweep signal to correct pincushion distortion while not deflecting such beam appreciatively at the center of such sweep signal .
compagno , l . j . v . , porcupine ray urogymnus asperrimus ( bloch & schneider , 1801 ) . pp . 352 - 353 , tab . 8 . 100 .
) . however , the intrinsic resolution can be improved significantly when operating in a “photon - counting” mode in which each frame is processed to identify signal clusters arising from individual gamma - ray / x - ray interactions and to estimate the centroids of these clusters . this approach has been demonstrated to yield intrinsic spatial resolutions down to ~ 50 μm fwhm (
general : pebble pincushion ( chaenactis carphoclinia ) is an annual forb with with highly dissected basal leaves and several flowering stalks . there may be several white flowers on each stalk . flowers are
sunflower - type without petals
( rayless ) .
, photoelectric absorption and compton scatter . in photoelectric absorption , the gamma - ray photon excites a core electron of one of the atomic constituents of the detector material with the gamma - ray energy dividing between the binding energy of the core electron before excitation and its kinetic energy as it propagates after excitation . the gamma - ray energy lost to the binding energy is left in the form of an empty core hole that relaxes and contributes to the signal via the emission ( and reabsorption ) of a secondary x - ray , a cascade of auger electrons , excitation of vibrations , or combinations thereof . in compton scatter , the gamma - ray interacts with a loosely bound electron and deflects from its original path , in the process conveying some of its energy and momentum to the electron . both the compton - scattered photon and resulting electron continue to propagate and undergo further interactions in the converter material .
if the energy of the gamma - ray photon is above 1 . 1 mev , which is rare for spect , a third interaction becomes possible , namely the conversion of the photon into an electron and positron in a process known as pair production . within the 30 kev – 250 kev energy range of most spect studies , the energy deposition generally occurs in a cascade with zero , one , or two compton scatters followed by one terminal photoelectric absorption . however , there are a number of mechanisms by which less than the total gamma - ray energy can be deposited in the converter . among the most common are compton - escape , where either the scattered gamma ray or the compton electron leaves the converter material , or escape of the secondary x - ray following photoelectric absorption . these losses are more likely to occur when the gamma - ray interacts close to one of the faces of the detector material .
it is apparent from the foregoing that the beam deflector of the invention includes a deflection coil 25 which produces a deflecting magnetic field to deflect the electron beam in the cathode ray tube . the deflection coil has a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness substantially over the full length of the deflection coil so as to produce a uniform magnetic field when energized and a second portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness only at the front end of the deflection coil so as to produce a pincushion magnetic field . thus , the electron beam emitted from the electron gun toward the screen is subject first to the influence of the uniform magnetic field produced by the first portion of the deflection coil and then to the influence of the pincushion magnetic field produced by the second portion of the deflection coil . under the influence of the uniform magnetic field , the electron beam is deflected without any shape deformation . the pincushion magnetic field is effective to correct the picture distortion caused by the influence of the uniform magnetic field . the pincushion magnetic field tends to deform the shape of the electron beam . the degree to which the electron beam is deformed is dependent on the distance of the screen from the position at which the electron beam is subject to the influence of the pincushion magnetic field . since the second portion is positioned only at the front end of the deflection coil , that is , at a position as close to the screen of the cathode ray tube as possible , the deflection coil of the invention is effective to correct the picture distortion to a sufficient extent and maintain the beam - focusing performance without significant in focusing sacrifice .
a ) schematic representation of the compton - scatter interaction in which a gamma - ray photon transfers part of its energy to an a outer - shell electron ( e γ > e γ ’ ) . b ) schematic representation of a photoelectric interaction in which a gamma ray transfers all of its energy to the binding energy and residual kinetic energy of a core electron .
compagno , l . j . v . , ribbontailed stingray , bluespotted ribbontail or fantail ray taeniura lymma ( forsskael , 1775 ) . p . 352 , tab . 8 . 99 .
miller bw , barrett hh , furenlid lr , barber hb , hunter rj . recent advances in bazookaspect : real - time data processing and the development of a gamma - ray microscope .
zentai g , schieber m , partain l , pavlyuchkova r , proano c . large area mercuric iodide and lead iodide x - ray detectors for medical and non - destructive industrial imaging .
fig . 4 shows a diagram representing the steps of a method to calculate or estimate positions and the energy of an x - ray interaction according to another aspect of the present invention .
the horizontal deflection coil 13 has a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness on the cylindrical rear portion , as shown in fig . 7 . this first portion will produce a uniform magnetic field in the cathode ray tube , as shown in fig . 9 . although such a uniform magnetic field is effective to provide a good beam - focusing performance , it will cause picture distortion on and near the edge of the screen of the cathode ray tube . in order to correct the picture distortion , the horizontal deflection coil 13 has a second portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness on the diverging front portion , as shown in fig . 8 . this second portion will produce a pincushion magnetic field in the cathode ray tube , as shown in fig . 10 . however , the pincushion magnetic field will produce forces to deform the electron beam into a squeezed shape so as to degrade the beam - focusing performance . for this reason , the prior art deflection yoke cannot correct the picture distortion to a sufficient degree without the significant sacrifice of the beam - focusing performance .
this invention is related to application ser . no . 001 , 060 , filed 1 / 6 / 87 ( d5585 ) , entitled error signal cancellation for top / bottom pincushion correction circuit , in the name of kirk oliver and assigned to zenith electronics corporation .
robins cr , ray gc , and j douglas . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes . the peterson field guide series . houghton mifflin co . , boston . 354 p .
an individual x - ray or gamma - ray interacting within the scintillator gives rise to many optical photons emitted isotropically , resulting in signals in multiple pixels . despite this signal spread , ccd - and cmos - based detector systems can offer excellent intrinsic spatial resolution ( ~ 250 μm ) even in integrating mode where the projection image is formed by simply summing the signals from individual frames (
shah ks , glodo j , klugerman m , moses ww , derenzo se , weber mj . labr < sub > 3 < / sub > : ce scintillators for gamma - ray spectroscopy .
global energy spectrum for both arrays used in the analysis . the asymmetry in the photopeak is due to x - ray escape . a gaussian was fit to the right side of the photopeak .
1 . a beam deflector for deflecting an electron beam in a cathode ray tube having a screen , a neck portion positioned at a rear of said screen , and a divergent , transition portion between said neck portion and said screen , said beam deflector comprising a deflection coil provided around said neck portion and said transition portion of said cathode ray tube for producing a deflecting magnetic field , said deflection coil having a first portion of uniform thickness wound on said neck portion and on said transition portion to produce a uniform magnetic field and a second portion of non - uniform thickness wound at front end of said deflection coil close to said screen to produce a pincushion magnetic field .
butler aph , anderson ng , tipples r , cook n , watts r , meyer j , bell aj , melzer tr , butler ph . bio - medical x - ray imaging with spectroscopic pixel detectors .
3 . a beam deflector for deflecting an electron beam in a cathode ray tube having a screen , a neck portion positioned behind said screen , and a divergent transition portion between said neck portion and said screen , said beam deflector comprising a deflection yoke mounted around said neck portion and said transition portion of said cathode ray tube , said deflection yoke including a bobbin having a deflection coil wound thereon for producing a deflecting magnetic field in said neck portion and said transition portion , said bobbin having a front end close to said screen and a front flange formed at said front end of said bobbin , said deflection coil having a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness on said bobbin at said neck portion and said transition portion of said cathode ray tube to produce a uniform magnetic field and a second portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness on said front flange close to said screen so as to produce a pincushion magnetic field .
united states patent hawes 1 june 13 , 1972 [ 54 ] cathode ray tube having 3 , 416 , 731 12 / 1968 matzen . . 315 / 13 c0 auxiliary deflection plate to 3 , 023 , 336 2 / 1962 frenkel . . 315 / 276 1 ) correct pincushion distortion foreign patents or appllcatlqns [ 72 ] lnventor : james d . l - lawes , portland , greg . 1 023 887 3 / 1966 great britain [ 73 ] assignee : tektronix , lnc . , beaverton , oreg .
hannah enjoyed being in the field early on in her career , conducting research on hermit , horseshoe and blue crabs , pincushion sea stars , abalone , invasive mussels , and shyshark parasites . she gained experience collecting data at sea , monitoring the health of marine resources with noaa’s spring bottom trawl survey .
biplane cineradiography is a potentially powerful tool for precise measurement of intracardiac dimensions . the most systematic approach to these measurements is the creation of a three - dimensional coordinate system within the x - ray field . using this system , interpoint distances , such as between radiopaque clips or coronary artery bifurcations , can be calculated by use of the pythagoras theorem . alternatively , calibration factors can be calculated in order to determine the absolute dimensions of a structure , such as a ventricle or coronary artery . however , cineradiography has two problems that have precluded widespread use of the system . these problems are pincushion distortion and variable image magnification . in this paper , methodology to quantitate and compensate for these variables is presented . the method uses radiopaque beads permanently mounted in the x - ray field . the position of the bead images on the x - ray film determine the compensation factors . using this system , measurements are made with a standard deviation of approximately 1 % of the true value .
) . these detectors consist of needle - like crystals that are grown together . the small size of the individual crystals ( down to ~ 10 μm ) can provide good intrinsic spatial resolution , as they provide a natural means of channeling the scintillation light , but the thickness of such arrays has been limited ( ≤3 mm ) , such that to date they have found use primarily in low - energy gamma - ray and x - ray applications .
other critical factors characterizing scintillator performance are proportionality and the timing characteristics of the scintillation light output . in principle , the mean number of scintillation photons should be strictly proportional to the energy of the absorbed gamma ray , and deviation from this ideal relationship is termed non - proportionality . recent advances in understanding this phenomenon focus on variations in the local exciton density , as caused by a material - specific secondary ionization pattern as a function of primary electron energy , and thereby a varying probability of exciton - exciton annihilation ( cherepy et al . , 2009 ; payne et al . , 2009 ) . a consequence is that an event in which an incident gamma ray undergoes a photoelectric interaction immediately will result in a different amount of light than one in which the gamma ray first undergoes a compton scattering and then a photoelectric interaction of the secondary photon , even if the total gamma ray energy deposited is the same .
carini ga , wei c , de geronimo g , gaskin ja , keister jw , zheng l , ramsey bd , rehak p , siddons dp . performance of a thin - window silicon drift detector x - ray fluorescence spectrometer .
as shown in f ig . 7 the input ramp voltage 70 varies linearly from + 2 . 5 volts to 2 . 5 volts maximum negative peak value while the peaked correction signal 72 changes from a starting voltage of + 70 volts up a positive slope to a positive peak voltage of + 120 volts at the center of the ramp voltage 70 and then returns down a negative slope to + 70 volts . as a result , maximum pincushion correction deflection of the beam away from the auxiliary deflection plate takes place at most negative correction voltage adjacent the opposite ends of the horizontal sweep whereas the minimum or zero correction deflection takes place at the center of such sweep . this is proper because as shown in fig . 58 , maximum pincushion distortion occurs at the opposite ends of the horizontal sweep while the minimum pincushion distortion occurs in the center of the horizontal sweep as shown by the downward bowing of the bottom edge 96 of the trace . it should be noted that the auxiliary deflection plate correction of the present invention is self compensating in that the amount of deflection correction due to the repelling of the electron beam is inversely proportional to the distance of the beam from the auxiliary deflection plate . thus there is very little if any deflection correction when the beam is away from the auxiliary deflection electrode which corresponds to the top of the upper beam trace and the bottom of the lower beam trace . this is desirable since the conventional pincushion correction effected by the wallband coating compensates for pincushion distortion at the top of the upper beam trace and at the bottom of the lower beam trace as stated previously .
4 . a cathode ray tube display system comprising : a voltage supply means having positive and negative terminals ; a pair of switching means each of said switcing means having at least two terminals , one of said terminals of each of said switching means being connected to one of said terminals of said voltage supply means ; a resonant tank circuit including a deflection winding , said resonant tank circuit being connected between another terminal of said switching means and the other terminal of said voltage supply means , said resonant tank circuit providing a steady state sinusoidal current flow through said deflection winding when said resonant tank circuit is energized by periodically closing and opening said switching means ; said deflection winding being positioned relative to said cathode ray tube for deflecting an electron beam generated in said cathode ray tube when said sinusoidal current is flowing in said deflection winding ; blank - unblank means for allowing said electron beam to reach the face of said cathode ray tube during a substantially s shaped portion of the waveform of said sinusoidal current and inhibiting the electron beam from reaching the face of said cathode ray tube during another portion of the waveform of said sinusoidal current flowing in said deflection winding .
a deflection yoke for a cathode ray tube is provided with two separated winding portions , a first portion provided around the neck portion and the tapered portion from the neck to the screen of the cathode ray tube has a uniform and circular winding distribution and a second portion close to the screen of the picture tube has a non - uniform winding distribution and is elongated in the x - axis direction to provide a pin cushion magnetic field without adversely affecting the focus .
an x - ray detection device including a scintillator configured to convert gamma rays or x - rays into optical radiation , an optical image intensifier configured to intensify the optical radiation to generate intensified optical radiation , an optical coupling system configured to guide the intensified optical radiation , and a solid state detector configured to detect the intensified optical radiation to generate an interaction image representing an x - ray energy emission and to perform photon counting based on data of the interaction image .
janssen jp , koning g , de koning pjh , tuinenburg jc , reiber jhc ( 2002 ) a novel approach for the detection of pathlines in x - ray angiograms : the wave propagation algorithm . int j cardiovasc imaging 18 : 317–324
burger a , chattopadhyay k , chen h , ma x , ndap jo , schieber m , schlesinger te , yao hw , erickson j , james rb . defects in czt crystals and their relationship to gamma - ray detector performance .
in practice all estimation schemes based on linear combinations of signals exhibit bias , i . e . errors in the event positioning , that can be seen as clustering of events preferentially under the footprints of the individual pmts with fewer events in the regions between the pmts . these spatial distortions , which have a characteristic pincushion shape visible in
pani r , bennati p , betti m , cinti mn , pellegrini r , mattioli m , cencelli v orsolini , navarria f , bollini d , moschini g , garibaldi f , de notaristefani f . lanthanum scintillation crystals for gamma ray imaging .
in addition , the detector 100 can be used for spect imaging , where radioactive isotopes are used and are introduced to a patient , that can label a biologically active molecule . these biologically active molecules can be in form of a tumor that can be exposed to gamma - ray radiation . the resulting tomographic images can display in three dimensions the distribution of this molecule within the patient ' s body . in each radioactive decay , a single gamma - ray photon can be produced , that will traverse the scintillator 120 and will be emitted therefrom as optical radiation . an advantage of apparatus 100 used with gamma - ray radiation is to substantially increase the detector area , and can thereby provide a much larger field of view or higher spatial resolution .
on the latest episode of “freakshow” murrugan the human pincushion decides to try a new , dangerous feat that could have ended up killing himself . on march 8 huffington post reported that not only did murrugan succeed at his dangerous accomplishment , but he also shocked doctors that told him it would be nearly impossible to move his organs to accomplish the trick .
in another aspect of the invention , the beam deflector comprises a deflection yoke mounted around the neck portion of the cathode ray tube . the deflection yoke has a front end close to the screen and includes horizontal and vertical deflection coils . at least one of said horizontal and vertical deflection coils has a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness substantially over the full length of the deflection yoke so as to produce a uniform deflecting magnetic field in the neck portion and a second portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness at the front end so as to produce a pincushion deflecting magnetic field .
pangaud p , basolo s , boudet n , berar j - f , chantepie b , delpierre p , dinkespiler b , hustache s , menouni m , morel c . xpad3 : a new photon counting chip for x - ray ct - scanner .
in order to assess the x - ray escape energy , a double gaussian was fit to the spectrum ( not shown in the figure ) using the roofit ( verkerke and kirkby 2003 ) package . when forcing both gaussians to have the same width , an x - ray escape energy of 457 . 9 ± 0 . 2 kev and 455 . 8 ± 0 . 3 kev was obtained for the left and right spectrum , respectively . when the width of both gaussians were allowed to be different , 456 . 0 ± 0 . 8 kev and 459 . 7 ± 0 . 6 was obtained . according to mehta et al ( 1987 ) , the kα 1 x - ray ( corresponding to l 3 → k transitions ) is at 56 kev for lu , and has a relative probability of about 50 % , and the kα 2 x - ray at 55 kev ( l 2 → k ) , has a probability of about 29 % . the kβ 1 , 3 and kβ 2 ( m → k ) at 63 kev and 65 kev , respectively , have probabilities of about 16 % and 4 % . therefore , we expect a dominant x - ray escape peak at around 454 kev , in good agreement with the fit results .
operation of multiplier 66 in developing the bow tie pincushion correction signal is conventional . the vertical rate ramp applied to the modulator input of multiplier 66 goes through a zero transition at q , corresponding to the center of the crt raster . the carrier input of multiplier 66 is supplied with a horizontal rate ramp with horizontal rate pulses ( of either polarity ) and variable amplitude . the input signals are multiplied to develop the bow tie top / bottom pincushion correction signal . since flip - flop 26 selectively couples separate correction signals , via cmos switches 40 , to the carrier input of multiplier 66 , the two halves of the bow tie correction signal may be independently controlled and thus permitting independent top / bottom correction .
a novel 3d qca system based on x - ray angiograms has been achieved by introducing a highly reproducible vessel centerline reconstruction . the validation study by using wire phantoms showed a high degree of accuracy and precision on the assessments of segment length and optimal viewing angle .
alexander , r . l . 1995 . evidence of a counter - current heat exchanger in the ray , mobula tarapacana ( chondrichthyes : elasmobranchii : batoidea : myliobatiformes ) . journal of zoology london , 237 , 377 - 384 , pl . 1 - 3 .
2 . a beam deflector for deflecting an electron beam in a cathode ray tube having a screen , a neck portion positioned at a rear of said screen , and a divergent transition portion between said neck portion and said screen , said beam deflector comprising a deflection yoke mounted around said neck portion and said transition portion of said cathode ray tube , said deflection yoke having a front end close to said screen , said deflection yoke including horizontal and vertical deflection coils , at least one of said horizontal and vertical deflection coils having a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness substantially over a full length of said deflection yoke so as to produce a uniform deflecting magnetic field in said neck portion and said transition portion and a second portion would to have a non - uniform thickness at said front end of said deflection yoke close to said screen so as to produce a pincushion deflecting magnetic field .
a capacitor and a deflection winding form a parallel resonant tank circuit for providing a steady state sinusoidal current flow in the deflection winding . when used for deflection of the electron beam of a cathode ray tube , a substantially linear portion of the waveform of the sinusoidal current flowing in the deflection winding may be used to move the electron beam from left to right across the screen during the ' ' ' ' trace ' ' ' ' interval . the remainder of the waveform of the sinusoidal current may be used for ' ' ' ' retrace . ' ' ' ' since the tank circuit requires only periodic energization to sustain steady state sinusoidal current flow , current consumption is held to a minimum . an s portion of the waveform of the sinusoidal current may be used during the trace interval to correct for the pincushion distortion that would otherwise occur when cathode ray tubes having large deflection angles are used .
conventional biplane angiographic equipment consists of a frontal x - ray system and a lateral x - ray system , with a common coordinate system . in theory , the frontal projection axis ( central beam ) intersects with the lateral projection axis into the so - called isocenter , and the whole x - ray system rotates around the isocenter . however , due to the system distortion caused by the gravity and mechanical influence , the isocenter could hardly be observed as a stable point [ 2 ] . therefore , we define two isocenters , a frontal isocenter and a lateral isocenter , to explicitly model the biplane angiogram under that specific acquisition . when no system distortion is present , these two isocenters will coincide with each other . otherwise , an isocenter offset is expected and this offset should be eliminated before the reconstruction of vascular centerlines .
the principal ccd / cmos spect camera geometries employing columnar scintillators and capable of photon counting : a ) direct lens - coupled ( or fiber - optics - taper - coupled ) emccd system ; b ) demagnifying tube and fiber - optic - coupled emccd ; and c ) image - intensified and lens - coupled conventional ccd or cmos camera . d ) a single frame from an emccd showing a primary gamma - ray interaction along with a reabsorbed secondary x - ray ( courtesy of b . w . miller , univ . of arizona ) .
the striped burrfish , chilomycterus schoepfii , a member of the family diodontidae , is striking in its appearance . the body is light tan to yellow - brown above and white to yellowish and sometimes blackish below , and is covered with fixed and erect spines that give the animal a pincushion appearance as well as the name burrfish . dark , wavy and roughly parallel lines cover the sides of the body . most specimens also have large dark spots above and behind the pectoral fins and at the base of the dorsal fin . ray counts are as follows : dorsal = 12 ; anal = 10 ( hoese and moore 1977 , robbins et al . 1986 ) .
in still another aspect of the invention , the beam deflector comprises a deflection yoke mounted around the neck portion of the cathode ray tube . the deflection yoke includes a bobbin having a deflection coil wound thereon for producing a deflecting magnetic field in the neck portion . the bobbin has a front end close to the screen and a front flange formed at the front end of the bobbin . the deflection coil has a first portion wound to have a uniform thickness on the bobbin except for the front flange so as to produce a uniform magnetic field and a second portion wound to have a non - uniform thickness on the front flange so as to produce a pincushion magnetic field .
perfumeballs or rayless gaillardia is a slender , upright , clumped perennial , to 24 in . tall , often forming dense stands . fragrant , solitary flowers are terminal on leafless stalks . rays are few , yellow to orange or red , very short , and soon falling off . reddish - brown disk flowers are numerous , forming a rounded , pincushion - like head . leaves are all basal .
the circuits of the prior art develop pincushion correction signals that generate parabolic yoke currents , with controllable phase , amplitude and tilt characteristics , for affecting both the top and the bottom of the raster in substantially the same way . these circuits have been generally satisfactory for use with less stringent television displays , but require excessive setup time ( including careful yoke positioning adjustments ) to meet the more exacting standards for crt raster displays in monitors . further , the problem is exacerbated with color tubes of the flat tension mask variety which have a flat faceplate and an in - line gun structure and wherein yoke construction and positioning may be compromised to enhance beam convergence throughout the raster . it would be extremely beneficial to provide pincushion circuitry having independent control effects at the top and the bottom of the raster .


acleris lipsiana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in great britain , spain , france , belgium , the netherlands , germany , denmark , austria , switzerland , italy , the czech republic , slovakia , hungary , poland , greece , norway , sweden , finland , the baltic region and russia .

the habitat consists of high moors and mountainous areas .

the wingspan is 17-24 mm .

the larvae feed on vaccinium myrtillus , vaccinium vitis-idaea , myrica gale , malus sylvestris , betula and pyrus species .

they feed from within spun shoots or leaves of their host plant .

larvae can be found from june to july .

pupation takes places at the feeding place or on the ground .

acleris lipsiana

[ acleris lipsiana , syn . : acalla eutaeniana , peronea costimaculana , p . griseana , tortrix sudoriana ]
this partial quote is from wikipedia and is used on bold systems :
acleris lipsiana . . . . . . it is also found in north america , where it has been recorded from alberta and washington . . . . . . . the wingspan is 17 - 24 mm . adults are on wing from august to october and , after hibernation , to april . the larvae feed on vaccinium myrtillus , vaccinium vitis - idaea . . . . . .
i have a large amount of vaccinium ovatum , a very similar plant to vaccinium myrtillus , in my yard .
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. pupation takes places in the feeding place or on the ground . the adult hibernates .
the adults fly from late august till may . the moths occasionally come to light .
belgium , antwerpen , brecht , 15 april 2004 . ( photo © gaston sallaets )
a local species in the british isles , occurring on high moors and mountains in the north of england and scotland .
it is an autumn - flying species , generally on the wing between august and october , after which it will overwinter to appear again in the spring .
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specific epithet possibly from the latin name ( lipsia ) for leipzig ( city in saxony , germany ) .
systematisches verzeichniß der schmetterlinge der wienergegend . michael denis & ignaz schiffermüller . 1775 . augustin bernardi , wien . pp . 323 .
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notes : rare ( proposed as a future red data book species ) on moorland and mountains in parts of scotland and northern england . not recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight to date . wingspan 17 - 24 mm . the common form of this species , f . sudoriana , which lacks the whitish yellow discocellular scale - tufts , closely resembles f . purpurana of a . rufana , but may be distinguished by the comparatively broader forewing and less prominent apex , and the more uniform pruinose coloration [ bradley ] . larva feeds on bog - myrtle , bilberry , bog bilberry and cowberry , living within a spun or rolled leaf .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
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cerithiopsis pulvis is a species of sea snail , a gastropod in the family cerithiopsidae , which is known from european waters , including the mediterranean sea .

it was described by issel , in 1869 .

cerithiopsis pulvis

( of cerithium pulvis issel , 1869 ) issel , a . ( 1869 ) . malacologia del mar rosso . ricerche zoologiche e paleontologiche . biblioteca malacologica , pisa . xi + 387 pp . , pls 1 - 5 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 150 [ details ]
nomenclature the generic name nanopsis cecalupo & robba , 2010 is invalid because preoccupied by nanopsis freytag , 1974 [ an insect of order homoptera ] . anyway the taxonomic validity of the genus has been questioned ( oliver et al . , 2012 : 66 ) so that this and other species of cerithiopsidae which have been assigned to nanopsis are here accepted under cerithiopsis . [ details ]
( of nanopsis pulvis ( issel , 1869 ) ) cecalupo a . & robba e . ( 2010 ) the identity of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 and description of one new genus and two new species of the cerithiopsidae ( gastropoda : triphoroidea ) . bollettino malacologico 46 : 45 - 64 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
streftaris , n . ; zenetos , a . ; papathanassiou , e . ( 2005 ) . globalisation in marine ecosystems : the story of non - indigenous marine species across european seas . oceanogr . mar . biol . ann . rev . 43 : 419 - 453 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
galil , b . ( 2007 ) . seeing red : alien species along the mediterranean coast of israel . aquatic invasions . 2 ( 4 ) : 281 - 312 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
nomenclature the generic name nanopsis cecalupo & robba , 2010 is invalid because preoccupied by nanopsis freytag , 1974 [ an insect of . . .
cecalupo a . & robba e . ( 2010 ) the identity of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 and description of one new genus and two new species of the cerithiopsidae ( gastropoda : triphoroidea ) . bollettino malacologico 46 : 45 - 64 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
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the following experts registered themselves as having knowledge about this species or its family .
this website was developed with support from the european commission under the sixth framework programme through the daisie project - contract number : sspi - ct - 2003 - 511202 .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
streftaris , n . ; zenetos , a . ; papathanassiou , e . ( 2005 ) . globalisation in marine ecosystems : the story of non - indigenous marine species across european seas . oceanogr . mar . biol . ann . rev . 43 : 419 - 453
( issel , 1869 ) . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
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