the mackenzie river wolf ( canis lupus mackenzii ) is a subspecies of the gray wolf , canis lupus , and is found in the canadian northwest territories .

not much has been " published " on canis lupus mackenzii but one of the most comprehensive studies was done in 1954 by w.a. fuller , wolf control operations , southern mackenzie district , canada wildlife service report .

in 1992 , this wolf was re-classified as canis lupus occidentalis , the mackenzie valley wolf , common with wolves in alaska and western canada .

mackenzie river wolf

the canis lupus occidentalis which also goes by the mackenzie valley wolf , the alaskan timber wolf , the canadian timber wolf , or the rocky mountain wolf , was classified as a gray wolf subspecies in 1829 by sir john richardson , m . d . it is one of the largest wolf subspecies in north america .
a pack of mackenzie river wolves - a north american wolf - has been a feature at highland wildlife park , kincraig , near aviemore , since 1972 .
ross minett , director of campaign group advocates for animals , said the mackenzie river wolf pack should have been allowed to
live out their lives in peace
.
the wildlife park ' s mackenzie river pack arrived in 1972 , but breeding of the animals ended in 2000 .
a special
thank you
to donna dowling for sharing these photos and historical information on mackenzie river huskies .
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the mackenzie valley wolf also known as the northwestern timber wolf is a subspecies of gray wolf found in western north america . it ranges from the upper mackenzie river valley into central alberta . it is believed that the mackenzie valley wolf is descended from the last eurasian wolf to move into north america . sir john richardson first described the species in 1829 . the mackenzie valley wolf has been involved in two fatal human attacks . a coroner ' s inquest found that 22 year old kenton carnegie was killed by a pack of wolves in northern saskatchewan on november 8 , 2005 , making it the first documented case of fatal wolf attack in the wild in north america . carnegie ' s body was found near a garbage dump where wolves scavenged . evidence supports the belief that 32 - year - old candice berner was attacked and killed in 2010 by two or more wolves while jogging near the village of chignik lake on the alaska peninsula . wolf dna was recovered from berner ' s clothing and matched dna from wolves later shot in the area . the forensic evidence was consistent with the injuries to berner and the wolf tracks found around her body . both victims were fed upon . wolf attacks in canada are linked to habituation .
a pack of mackenzie river wolves , normally found in north america , had been a feature at the highland wildlife park , kincraig , near aviemore , since 1972 .
pack dynamic is the term used to describe how every wolf knows its place within its group .
this hierarchy continues down through the pack to the omega wolf , which is usually picked on by the others .
range : original range – northwest territories , canada current range – east of the mackenzie river , from the arctic coast to south of great bear lake . possibly as far south as great slave lake . northwest territories , canada
the catchy name
mackenzie river husky
was coined from newcomers seeing the freight huskies and not being able to differentiate the different villages while passing through an area . the locals knew the huskies by their different villages , naming them accordingly : old crow dogs , ft . mcpherson dogs , arctic red dogs , porcupine river dogs , hay river dogs , etc . the name really took hold in the 1960s , from which the distortions grew , especially as the freight husky began to disappear .
status like most other wolves , human activity ( hunting , trapping , etc . ) is by far the greatest threat . however , protection given to the mackenzie valley wolf has allowed its population to increase drammatically . the wolf population in alaska was estimated between 7 , 000 and 10 , 000 in 2006 . wolf population in the northern rocky mountains ( greater yellowstone area , nw montana , and idaho ) was estimated to be about 1200 and increasing . the u . s . fish and wildlife services has decided to remove the gray wolf from the federal endangered list in the northern rockies and the western great lakes . courts have overturned attempts in the past to remove them from the list . legal battles are expected .
the mackenzie valley wolf weighs from 100 to 145 pounds . one weighing 175 pounds was caught in alaska in 1939 . their average length is from 5 to 7 feet in length , from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail . they can reach speeds of 40 miles per hour and travel as many as 70 miles per day . their coat consists of an outer layer composed of coarse guard hairs and a soft undercoat . they moult in late spring . the most common coat color is grey flecked with black , with lighter underparts , but individuals and populations also occur that are red , brown , black or almost pure white . the mackenzie valley wolf is no longer considered endangered .
the
mackenzie river husky
is a catch all name , that can describe vastly different dogs depending on who is using that name . it can be used as follows : the mythical best northern sled dog ever ; as a sales tool to sell mixed breed mutts or unwanted litters ; in plain ignorance because someone said thats what the dog was ; someone trying to recreate the breed based on the falsehood that they are a mix of wolf , malamute and st . bernard or some other unlikely working dog combination ion ; or the truth that they are a freight husky , all but extinct .
a spokeswoman for the park said the catalyst for recent problems was that the pack ' s leader died of natural causes some time ago and the female did not accept the next male wolf in the pecking order .
habitat mackenzie valley wolves inhabit much of western canada and alaska including unimak island . in 1995 - 96 , they were brought from canada to restore populations in yellowstone national park and central idaho . in alaska , wolf packs are usually 6 to 12 wolves , though some packs may be as large as 20 to 30 . their territories in alaska average about 600 square miles . in yellowstone , pack size averages 9 . 2 wolves with average territory size of 348 square miles . in idaho , pack size averages 11 . 1 with territories averaging 364 square miles .
i am an alaskan born resident who first came across these magnificent huskies when i moved to an interior alaskan bush community in the mid - 1970s . my research and consequential breeding program began in 1990 after the passing on of my last freight husky . in complete ignorance , i started asking questions and researching libraries for the truth instead of rumors and myths surrounding these dogs , and at the same time trying to locate any that resembled my old working huskies . i kept getting conflicting information both from people and from the small amount of published information i could find . i looked at a motley variety of dogs with only a precious few resembling my huskies , all claiming to be mackenzie river huskies .
diet the size of mackenzie valley wolves is partially due to their large abundance of food . they will prey on wood bison , elk , caribou , musk ox , moose , dall sheep , sitka black - tailed deer , mountain goat , beaver , ground squirrel , vole , snowshoe hare , lemmings , and salmon .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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wolves at a scottish wildlife park have been culled and replaced with another sub - species of the animal .
but experts said the six animals had to be euthanised because they were
not portraying their natural behaviour
.
the park is now part of a breeding programme involving seven rare scandinavian wolves .
park owners , the royal zoological society of scotland , said the cull followed lengthy discussion and research and with the approval of the animal welfare and ethics committee .
the society said that in the past five years the six wolves stopped
portraying their natural behaviour
, or pack dynamic , which it said was essential to the survival of the species .
society chief executive david windmill said :
animal management is a complex , difficult but rewarding work .
with any kind of management , at times difficult decisions need to be taken and this was one of those times .
the welfare of the animal is always paramount in our minds and no decision is made until a full investigation has been carried out , taking into account all aspects of the species and situation .
he added :
in the wild , animals are competing in the deadly game of ' survival of the fittest ' .
the challenge will be to manage them in captivity to the best of our ability in the future , until perhaps one day ' the wild ' is safe enough for their return .
an alpha pair leads the pack and the top male and female have a second - in - command called a beta male and beta female .
only the alpha pair is allowed to breed within the pack , but all the wolves take responsibility for caring for the cubs .
the wolves were aged between six and eight years old and were put down in january .
two new females from scandinavia have been introduced to the park and will be joined by five males in about a month .
he said :
zoos have a responsibility for these animals and not just treat them as a disposable commodity .
on the pack dynamic , mr minett said the wolves would have lost this behaviour because they had been kept in a controlled environment .
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characteristics average males weigh between 100 and 145 pounds with females weighing roughly 10 to 20 percent less . the heaviest on record was caught in alaska in 1939 , weighing 175 pounds . though the guinness book of animal world records mentions an unconfirmed specimen weighing 230 pounds . they measure 32 to 36 inches shoulder height and 5 to 7 feet in length , from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail . their long , powerful legs allow them to travel as far as 70 miles a day , and through rough terrain like deep snow . they can reach speeds of up to 40 miles an hour for short periods of time . their skull measures about 12 inches long . a combination of powerful jaw and neck muscles allows them to break bones and bring down large prey .
breeding breeding season usually occurs in february . the dominant male and female of the pack breed in attempt to keep up the strength of the pack . usually 63 days after breeding , 4 to 6 pups are born . they leave the den in 4 to 6 weeks , and by fall , they are large enough to travel and hunt with the pack . they become full - grown in 6 to 8 months , and sexually mature at about 22 months .
a wildlife park has culled a pack of wolves because it feared the animals would eventually kill each other .
however , it has been revealed that the remaining six animals , aged between six and eight , have been destroyed because they were no longer displaying natural behaviour .
the royal zoological society of scotland , which owns the park as well as edinburgh zoo , said the deaths were carried out humanely and with the backing of the independent animal welfare and ethics committee .
animals rights protesters have condemned the move , but the society says it was done after prolonged discussion and research .
when things start to go wrong and they lose their pack structure they start very aggressive behaviour and start attacking each other when there is no natural leader ,
she said .
that for us is where the welfare issue comes in . if they were in the wild it would be resolved quickly as they could move away from each other , but they are not and they would have continued to attack each other .
she said putting the animals down was considered to be more humane than leaving them to kill each other .
david windmill , the society ' s chief executive , said :
animal management is a complex , difficult , but rewarding work . with any kind of management , at times difficult decisions need to be taken and this was one of those times .
the welfare of the animal is always paramount in our minds , and no decision is made until a full investigation has been carried out , taking into account all aspects of the species and the situation .
he added :
in the wild , animals are competing in the deadly game of survival of the fittest .
zoos have saved a number of these species from imminent extinction ; the challenge will be to manage them in captivity to the best of our ability in the future , until perhaps one day the wild is safe enough for their return .
the pack , which was destroyed in january , has been replaced by scandinavian wolves and the kincraig park is now part of a european conservation breeding programme for vulnerable sub - species .
ross minett , the director of advocates for animals , said the cull was
scandalous
.
he added :
i don ' t think the general public is aware this kind of thing goes on in the name of conservation .
this is the darker side of zoos ' work , which i ' m sure they don ' t want the public to find out about , and it typifies zoos ' treatment of animals without paying them individual respect . they are seen to some degree as disposable commodities .
wolves kept in the kind of environment they are in in the wildlife park are unlikely to show the full repertoire of natural behaviour anyway , in a comparatively barren , deprived environment .
we think this is pretty scandalous and believe the royal zoological society has to answer how it can justify doing this .
master tracks 33 west park clifton bristol avon bs8 2lx united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 973 6833 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 923 7090 neil @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
bbc natural history unit c / o bbc motion gallery getty images 101 bayham street london nw1 0ag united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 20 3227 2579 bbc . motiongallerysales @ urltoken urltoken
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donna dowling northern quest kennels p . o . box 70109 , fairbanks , alaska 99707 ( 907 ) 456 - 2710 e - mail : mrhusky @ urltoken
the truth began to unfold after interviewing old - timers : ed moody , norman vaughan , both involved with the admiral byrd s antarctic expeditions in the 1920s and 1930s ; retired canadian mountie during 1950s and 1960s , sandy saunderson ; author lorna coppinger of the world of sled dogs , copyright 1977 ; alaskan trappers , mailrunners , and guides to name a few joe dehlia , john schultz , bob schlentner ; canadian dog driver , larry
cowboy
smith ; and many others from trips up the demster highway to the northern reaches of canada and then east to the great slave lakes region . bill carpenter of yellowknife , who received a grant in the 1970s to bring back the canadian eskimo dog , also known as the greenland husky , was gracious enough to share his research documentation on the sled dog with me . these valuable documents dated from the present back to the 1530s .
the demise of these magnificent huskies began in the 1960s as a result of several factors : the introduction of the snowmachine ; the discovery of oil and consequential formation of native corporations whose dividends allowed the people to afford snowmachines ; the canadian government efforts to stop native sovereignty by the mass killing of dog teams in the 1950 - 1960s under the guise of eradicating rabies ; and profitable sled dog racing that resulted in the development of a breed of small , high strung , running machines .
what has allowed me to find breeding stock is the 1960s movement that sent vietnam vets , draft dodgers , and hippies to the interior of alaska to try a subsistence life style . a few hardy souls remain in bush communities that still have these huskies and a few crusty old trappers . the few i found in canada were so intermingled with the racing lines , that little of the old blood line remains . if anyone knows differently , please contact me .
i remain a coordinator in my efforts to bring these dogs back . i personally have two litters a year . searching continually for new quality males to breed to my females as i expand my breeding pool for the future . i m going into this with the firm understanding that its a 20 year project and there are no shortcuts that im willing to take . i follow each of the pups through their lifetime to insure that my breeding program is on track . i depend on
my people
to help me with this project by their willingness to follow my guidelines for breeding , having pups and suitable placement . this is not a one person job short of having hundreds of huskies , which i am unwilling to do . this is truly a labor of love on my part to keep these huskies from extinction . the pups currently sell for $ 250 including worming , first shots and vet exam . hopefully , this project will continue to snowball so that there will be more available in the future with less restrictions . if youre interested , you must keep in contact with me and be patient .
copyright © 1997 - 2016 sled dog central , all rights reserved . email sled dog central


graphium angolanus , the angola white lady , is a species of butterfly in the family papilionidae ( swallowtails ) .

it is found in sub-saharan africa .

the wingspan is 65 – 70 mm in males and 70 – 75 mm in females .

the fight period is year-round , peaking in november and february .

the caterpillars feed on annona senegalensis , sphedamnocarpus pruriens , uvaria species , landolphia buchannani , and landolphia ugandensis .

graphium angolanus

graphium ( arisbe ) angolanus ( goeze , 1779 ) = papilio angolanus goeze , 1779 = graphium pylades = graphium ( arisbe ) angolanus = papilio pylades lapydes suffert , 1904 .
parents animalia , arthropoda , hexapoda , insecta , pterygota , lepidoptera , glossata , neolepidoptera , heteroneura , eulepidoptera , obtectomera , papilionoidea , papilionidae , graphium , graphium angolanus subsp . angolanus
graphium angolanus ( angola white lady ) , limpopo province , south africa . [ photo diedericks g . © ]
papilio angolanus goeze , 1779 ; ent . beyträge 3 ( 1 ) : 87 ; tl : angolae
the angola white lady ( graphium angolanus ) is a species of butterfly in the family papilionidae , found in subsaharan africa . [ 1 ] | pinterest
common in woodlands from central ( tropical ) to southern africa . graphium angolanus is the correct name for this taxon , with pylades as the name of the central african subspecies
graphium angolanus is unlike any other african species with the possible exception of g . philonoe . in philonoe the large white area on the forewings is broken up into a series of bars .
graphium angolanus subsp . angolanus - species dictionary - southern africa : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) agamemnon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) codrus celebensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) codrus stiris ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) codrus taloranus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon milon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon coelius ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus monticolus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus textrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus gordion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus arctofasciatus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus pamphylus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus sangira ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus fumikoe ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) agamemnon comodus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri meyeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri extremum ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) antiphates kalaoensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( graphium ) antiphates kurosawai ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( graphium ) sarpedon sarpedon ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 - 6
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus insularis [ sic ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) codrus yayoeae ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 2 , f . 3 - 4
graphium ( graphium ) codrus noeli ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 2 , f . 5 - 8
graphium ( graphium ) empedovana empedovana ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 6 - 7
graphium ( graphium ) sandawanum sandawanum ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 8
graphium ( graphium ) sandawanum joreli ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 3 , f . 9 - 10
graphium chironides malayanum ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 6 , f . 2
graphium macfarlanei ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 10 ( text )
graphium macfarlanei seminigra ; [ baur ] , 115 , f . ( larva , pupa )
species graphium doson ( c . felder & r . felder , 1864 ) - common jay
graphium ( graphium ) codrus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium macleayanus wilsoni couchman , 1965 ; utas : 84 ; tl : kuranda , n . q .
graphium eurypylus mecisteus ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 8
neue unterarten und neue namen in den gattungen papilio , graphium und parnassius ( lep . : papilionidae )
note sur graphium illyris ( hewitson ) et revision systematique de l ' espece ( lep . papilionidae )
graphium ( graphium ) codrus melanthus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 8 - 9 , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 2
graphium anthedon anthedon ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 221
graphium anthedon dodingensis ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 224
graphium anthedon crudum ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 224
graphium anthedon sulaensis ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 222
graphium anthedon halesus ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 222
graphium macleayanus ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 22 ; couchman , 1965 , utas : 84
= graphium monticolus textrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium sarpedon luctatius ; [ bmp ] : 75 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; [ bor ] , 98
graphium evemon eventus ; [ bor ] , 100 ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 5 , f . 9
graphium doson nauta tsukada & nishiyama , 1980 ; in tsukada ( ed . ) , butts se asian islands 1 : 380
graphium arycles arycles ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; [ bor ] , 102
graphium browni ; [ bow ] : pl . 132 , f . 2 ( text ) ; [ baur ] , 110
graphium ( pathysa ) antiphates ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) euphrates ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( paranticopsis ) encelades ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium stratocles senectus tsukada & nishiyama , 1980 ; in tsukada ( ed . ) , butts se asian islands 1 : 423
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium sumatranum ; hancock , 1983 ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 220
graphium gelon ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 284 ; [ baur ] , 120
graphium ( pathysa ) euphrates elegantia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles androcles ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles cleomenes ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles pelengensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhesus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhesulus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus parvimacula ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus dorcus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus butungensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion deucalion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion marabuntana ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium antiphates tiomanus moonen , 1984 ; papilio int . 1 ( 3 ) : 47 ( repl . pathysa insularis eliot , 1978 )
graphium phidias obscurium yoshino , 2017 ; butterfly science 7 : 25 ; tl : dalat , 1500m , lam dong , s . vietanm
copyright : mark hyde , bart wursten , petra ballings and meg coates palgrave , 2002 - 18 hyde , m . a . , wursten , b . t . , ballings , p . & coates palgrave , m . ( 2018 ) . flora of zimbabwe : insect details : individual images : graphium angolanus image2 . urltoken retrieved 9 july 2018 site software last modified : 26 december 2016 8 : 34pm ( gmt + 2 ) terms of use
graphium cloanthus ; [ bor ] , 98 ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 16 ; [ mrs ] , 168
graphium ucalegon fonteinei berger , 1981 ; les papillons du zaire : 51 ; tl : sankuru , km . 43 , route de lusambo à batempa
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhapia [ sic ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium codrus noeli page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
graphium abri smith & vane - wright , 2001 ; bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( ent . ) 70 ( 2 ) : 628
graphium ucalegon schoutedeni berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 73 ; tl : uele , bambesa
graphium ( macfarlaneana ) agamemnon agamemnon ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 4 - 5
graphium sandawanum yamamoto , 1977 ; tyô to ga 28 ( 3 ) : 87 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : philippines , mindanao , mt . apo
graphium olbrechtsi berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 85 ; tl : sankuru , mwene - ditu
graphium glycerion kimurai murayama , 1982 ; new ent . 31 ( 4 ) : 69 , 71 , f . 1 ; tl : doi inthanon , n . thailand
graphium evombar viossati collins , 1997 ; in d ' abrera , butts afrotrop . region ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : comoro islands , anjouan , forest of moya
graphium clanis malayanum eliot , 1982 ; malayan nat . j . 35 ( 1 / 2 ) : 180 ; tl : malaysia , selangor , 16 miles s of pahang road
graphium ucalegonides rileyi berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 78 ; tl : gold coast , west africa , begoro
graphium porthaon tanganyikae kielland , 1978 ; tijdschr . ent . 121 ( 4 ) : 161 , pl . 6 , f . 21 - 24 ; tl : tanzania , kigoma , kasoge
graphium ( leptocircini ) ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 ; [ afrl ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 90
1134x873 ( ~ 315kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , right bank of the thma bang river left tributary at the bridge , 7 km sw thma bang village , 23rd august 2011 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , gandaca harina , eurema sp . ) , photo © oleg kosterin
1208x752 ( ~ 336kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , pathysa agetes agetes ) , photo © oleg kosterin
990x806 ( ~ 233kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , pathysa antiphates pompilius ) , photo © oleg kosterin
1144x873 ( ~ 355kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( middle , between graphium sarpedon sarpedon and pathysa agetes agetes ) , photo © oleg kosterin
the species has a unique appearence with its falcate forewing , pure white ground - colour with a broad black border and white spots in it . the hindwing is tailles but is strongly lobed . there is a variable extent of red on the hindwing underside . the body is also black and white checqered . there is no other similarly looking butterfly . originally g . angolanus was a savannah butterfly but with its strong flight it could penetrate into the open areas in the forest zone . it is usually more common in the dry season , but can appear basically everywhere within its range . the flight is strong , although specimens sometimes stop at flowers . males are avid hilltoppers and they also appear on puddles . in the evening hours before dusk some males can also gather and patrol around their resting area .
papilio codrus cramer , [ 1777 ] ; uitl . kapellen 2 ( 9 - 16 ) : 127 , pl . 179 , f . a , b
larva on hernandia avigera , hernandia , h . peltata ? [ baur ] , annona , uvaria , hernandia , ? thespesia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
aru , waigeu , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , woodlark , rossel is .
= papilio codrus medon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 426
papilio codrus b ( celebensis ) wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : celebes ; sulla is
papilio codrus loc . f . a ( gilolensis ) wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 64
papilio segonax godman & salvin , 1878 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 734 ; tl : new ireland
= papilio codrus pisidice ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 426
papilio segonax tenebrionis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 427 ; tl : new georgia , solomon islands
papilio codrus auratus rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 ( 2 ) : 218 ; tl : st . gabriel , admiralty is .
papilio codrus toealensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 4 ) : 424 ; tl : kei toeal
codrus stiris ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 93
codrus taloranus ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 93
papilio codrus schoutensis talbot & joicey , 1916 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1916 ( 1 ) : 68
larva on geifera salicifolia , doryphora aromatica , atherosperma moschatum [ baur ] , tasmannia lanceolata , t . xerophila , atherosperma moschatum , daphnandra micrantha , d . repandula , doryphora aromatica , d . sassafras , cinnamomum camphora , cryptocarya hypospodia , endiandra pubens , geijera salicifolia k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
papilio macleayanus insulana waterhouse , 1920 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 45 ( 3 ) : 470 ; tl : lord howe island
papilio weiskei stresemanni rothschild , 1915 ; in rothschild & durrant , lep . b . o . u . exp . new guinea : 4 ; tl : ceram
papilio cloanthus westwood , 1841 ; arcana entomologica , 1 : pl . 11 , f . 2 , ( 4 ) 42 ; tl : n . india
papilio cloanthus f . temp . cloanthulus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 168
papilio cloanthus var . clymenus leech , 1893 ; butts china japan corea ( 2 ) : 523 , pl . 32 , f . 2
papilio cloanthus kuge fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 29 ) : 119 ; tl : chip - chip
papilio cloanthus var . sumatrana hagen , 1894 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 1 ) : 28 ; tl : sumatra
china , ceylon , s . india , kashmir - assam , burma , au . see [ maps ]
1047x773 ( ~ 62kb ) underside yona , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
1000x888 ( ~ 105kb ) underside japan : tokyo , 18 . 09 . 2007 , photo © peter payzant
larva on lauraceae , myrtaceae , sapotaceae [ eob ] , cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum oliveri , cryptocarya triplinervis , neolitsea dealbata , doryphora aromatica , tristania laurina , planchonella laurina , litsea glutinosa , macaranga spp . , rutaceae [ mrs ] , geijera salicifolia , daphnandra aromatica , cryptocarya , planchonella laurifolia , persea gratissima [ baur ]
larva on annona reticulata , melodorum leichhardti , doryphora aromatica , beilschmiedia obtusifolia , cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum oliveri , cryptocarya cinnamomifolia , c . hypospodia , c . mackinnoniana , c . murrayi , c . triplinervis , endiandra impressicosta , litsea ferruginea , l . glutinosa , l . leefeana , l . reticulata , neolitsea australiensis , n . dealbata , planchonella laurifolia , geijera salicifolia ? , tristania laurina ? , clerodendrum spp . ? , macaranga spp . ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
= papilio sarpedon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 440
aru , kai is . , misool , salawati , waigeu , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , louisiades , woodlark , torres straits is . , e . australia
delchina [ sic ] thermodusa swinhoe , 1885 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 : 146 ; tl : matheran
papilio parsedon westwood , 1872 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1872 ( 2 ) : 99 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 2
papilio sarpedon parsedon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 442
papilio sarpedon var . semifasciatus honrath , 1888 ; ent . nachr . 14 ( 11 ) : 161 ; tl : china , kiukiang
bougainville , shortland is . , santa isabel , gudalcanal , florida is . , choiseul
papilio isander godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 211 ; tl : aola , guadalcanar i .
papilio sarpedon imparilis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 443 ; tl : new britain ; new ireland ; duke of york
papilio sarpedon impar rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 443 ; tl : solomon islands , new georgia
papilio sarpedon rufofervidus fruhstorfer , 1898 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 3 / 4 ) : 305 ; tl : nias
papilio sarpedon jugans rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 324 ; tl : waingapoeng , sumba
papilio sarpedon adonarensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 324 ; tl : adonara ; sumbawa
papilio sarpedon nipponus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 215 ; tl : okinawa
papilio sarpedon luctatius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : natuna
papilio sarpedon timorensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 323 ; tl : timor ; wetter
? papilio surusumi matsumura , 1910 ; ent . zs . 23 ( 47 ) : 209 ; tl : formosa , horisha
larva on cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum micranthum , c . osmophloeum , c . japonica , persea thunbergii , p . zuihoensis , litsea kostermansii , lindera glauca , persea japonica , neolitsea sericea , n . aciculata , laurus nobilis [ mrs ]
papilio sarpedon messogis fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : key ; aru
papilio sarpedon phyris jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 ; tl : siberut
? papilio sarpedon anthedon ab . citricinctus fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 43 ( 3 / 4 ) : 423
larva on cinnamomum vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
= papilio sarpedon milon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 444
papilio sarpedon var . milon ab . milonides honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 2 ) : 397 ; tl : macassar
papilio sarpedon dodingensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 323 ; tl : halmaheira
papilio sarpedon crudus rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 : 416 ; tl : obi
papilio sarpedon coelius fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 43 ( 3 / 4 ) : 424 ; tl : sula - mangoli
papilio sarpedon sulaensis lathy , 1899 ; entomologist 32 : 149 ; tl : sula arch .
papilio sarpedon halesus fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : buru
papilio monticolus fruhstorfer , 1896 ; soc . ent . 11 ( 3 ) : 20
= ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 284
papilio empedocles fabricius , 1787 ; mantissa insectorum 2 : 10 , no . 94
papilio empedocles ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 427
papilio empedovana corbet , 1941 ; j . fed . malay st . mus . 18 ( 5 ) : 805
papilio mendana godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 212 ; tl : aola , guadalcanar i .
papilio mendana var . acous ribbe , 1898 ; soc . ent . 12 ( 21 ) : 161 ; tl : bougainville
papilio mendana neyra rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 428 ; tl : solomon islands , rubiana ( new georgia )
papilio eurypylus gabinus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : sumbawa
larva on annona reticulata , a . muricata , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , mitrephora froggattii , polyalthia nitidissima , diploglottis australis [ mrs ]
larva on michelia champaca , annona cherimola , a . glabra , a . muricata , a . reticulata , artabotryus sp . , desmos sp . , melodorum spp . , miliusa traceyi , mitrephora froggattii , polyalthia australis , p . nitidissima , p . sp . , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , saccopetalum bidwillii , uvaria goezeanus , u . membranacea , u . rufa , annona squamosa ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
larva on annona , artabotrys , desmos , fitzalania , melodorum , miliusa , mitrephora , polyalthia , pseuduvaria , rauwenhoffia , saccopetalum , uvaria , michelia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
? papilio eurypylus tagalicus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 210
papilio lycaon c . & r . felder , 1865 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 1 ) : 68
papilio sangira oberthür , 1879 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1879 ( 3 ) : 229 , pl . 8 , f . 1
arisbe ( eurypleana ) eurypylus mecisteus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 13 , pl . 5 , f . 1
papilio sallastius staudinger , 1895 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 2 ) : 351 ; tl : wetter ; sumbawa
papilio eurypylus sallastius ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 431
papilio eurypylus extensus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : new ireland
papilio eurypylus lycaonides rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : new guinea
papilio eurypylus crispus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 208 ; tl : babber
papilio eurypylus sallastinus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 208 ; tl : sumba
sikkim - s . burma , thailand - s . china , s . yunnan , hainan , indo - china
papilio eurypylus cheronus f . vern . petina jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 98 ; tl : indo - china
papilio eurypylus melampus ab . rufinus rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 4 ) : 425
papilio eurypylus lutorius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 182 ; tl : batjan , halmaheira
papilio eurypylus aloricus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : alor
papilio evemon boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 234
papilio evemon albociliatis fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 14 ) : 106 ; tl : tonkin
papilio evemon igneolus fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 89 ; tl : nias
s . burma , thailand , peninsular malaya , langkawi is . , sumatra , banka , borneo
papilio evemon eventus fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ; tl : borneo ; natuna ; sumatra ; malay peninsula
? papilio orthia jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 98 ( spell . ? )
arisbe ( eurypleana ) evemon orithia ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 12
papilio evemon hetaerias jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 , pl . 14 , f . 2 ; tl : siberut
nepal - c . burma , n . laos , vietman , cambodia . see [ maps ]
papilio chiron wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 66 ( preocc . ) ; tl : assam ; sylhet
papilio bathycles chiron f . vern . ligyra jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 100
clanis ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 100
s . japan , riu kiu , ceylon , s . india - bengal , kumaon - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
1047x773 ( ~ 44kb ) underside okuma , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
papilio jason mikado ; fruhstorfer , 1907 , ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209
papilio jason praestabilis fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : tonkin ; hong kong
982x989 ( ~ 359kb ) underside cambodia , koh kong province , a rocky left bank of the sala muntun ( right tatai river ) at its mouth . 24th august 2011 , photo © oleg kosterin
= papilio eurypylus axion ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 433
papilio heurni [ jacobson ] & eecke , 1914 ; tijdschr . ent . 57 : 12
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson evemonides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 1 - 2 , 9 - 11
papilio eurypylus rubroplaga rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 4 ) : 504 ; tl : nias i .
papilio jason jostianus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 212
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson postianus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8
larva on magnolia grandiflora , michelia alba , m . compressa , annona squamosa [ mrs ]
papilio jason gyndes fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209 ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson gyndes ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 3 - 4
papilio jason eleius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209 ; tl : malabar , karwa
doson perillus ( fruhstorfer , 1908 ) ( papilio ) ; ent . wochenbl . 25 ( 9 ) : 38
papilio kajanga corbet , 1937 ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 6 ( 3 ) : 47
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson nauta ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 5 - 6
papilio arycles boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 231 ; tl : singapore
= papilio arycles ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 446
papilio arycles incertus fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 44 ( 3 / 4 ) : 283 ; tl : singapore
papilio arycles perinthus fruhstorfer , 1915 ; ent . rundschau 32 ( 1 ) : 6 ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( eurypleana ) arycles perinthus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 5 - 6
papilio arycles arycleoides fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 14 ( 2 ) : 344 ; tl : e . thailand
papilio bathycles zinken , 1831 ; nova acta physico - med . [ leop . carol . ] 15 ( 1 ) : 157 , pl . 14 , f . 6 - 7
papilio bathycles var . bathycloides honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 2 ) : 396 , pl . 10 , f . 3
arisbe ( eurypleana ) batchycles bathycloides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 9
papilio bathycles tereus fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ; tl : hainan
papilio bathycles manlius fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ( preocc . papilio manlius fabricius , 1798 ) ; tl : palawan
papilio leechi rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 437 ; tl : chang - yang , china
china , ceylon , s . india - saurasthtra , kumaon - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
papilio agamemnon lasius van eecke , 1918 ; zool . meded . 4 ( 7 ) : 73 ; tl : pulu lasia
600x400 ( ~ 24kb ) larva india : pune , 20 . 9 . 2008 © kedar tokekar
600x400 ( ~ 33kb ) larva india : pune , 20 . 9 . 2008 © kedar tokekar
larva on michelia champaca , ancana stenopetala , annona cheromoya , a . cherimola , a . glabra , a . muricata , a . reticulata , a . squamosa , cyathostemma micranthum , desmos goezeanus , d . sp . , fitzalania heteropetala , goniothalamus australis , haplostichanthus johnsonii , h . spp . , melodorum uhrii , m . spp . , miliusa brahei , m . traceyi , mitrephora froggattii , oncodostigma sp . , polyalthia michaelii , p . nitidissima , p . sp . , pseuduvaria froggattii , p . hylandii , p . mulgraveana , p . villosa , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , rollinia deliciosa , uvaria goezeanus , u . membranacea , u . rufa , xylopia maccreai , x . sp . k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
n . india - singapore , s . yunnan , taiwan , sumatra , java , bali , borneo , philippines
= papilio agamemnon ♂ - ab . aegisthus ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 449
larva on magnolia grandiflora , michelia alba , m . compressa , annona montana , a . squamosa , artabotrys uncinatus , desmos cochinchinensis , uvaria microcarpa [ mrs ] , annona , mitrephora froggattii [ baur ] , saccopetalum , friesodielsia , polyalthia [ bmp ]
papilio plisthenes c . & r . felder , 1865 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 1 ) : 70 ; tl : amboina
papilio agamemnon var . neopommerania honrath , [ 1888 ] ; berl . ent . z . 31 ( 2 ) : 350 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; tl : neu pommern
papilio argynnus druce , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 2 ( 9 ) : 235 ; tl : key is .
aru , misool , salawati , waigen , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , torres strait is . , ne . australia
papilio agamemnon ligatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 451 ; tl : new guinea
papilio agamemnon decoratus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 452 ; tl : nicobar islands
papilio agamemnon salomonis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 453 ; tl : solomona islands , guadalcanar
papilio agamemnon rufoplenus fruhstorfer , 1898 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 3 / 4 ) : 310 ; tl : nias
agamemnon andamana ( lathy , 1907 ) ( papilio ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1907 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : andaman i .
papilio agamemnon atropictus fruhstorfer , 1904 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( 1 / 2 ) : 195 ; tl : engano
agamemnon pulo ( evans , 1932 ) ( zetides ) ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 56 ; tl : nicobar
papilio agamemnon aelius fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 218 ( repl . papilio agamemon var . baweana hagen , 1896 )
papilio agamemnon var . celebensis fickert , 1889 ; zool . jahrb . : 730
agamemnon ugiensis ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 102
papilio agamemnon admiralis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 195 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
papilio meeki rothschild & jordan , 1901 ; novit . zool . 8 ( 4 ) : 402 , f . a ; tl : isabel , solomon is .
papilio macfarlanei butler , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 ( 3 ) : 471 ; tl : new guinea
larva on annona , annona mercuriata , a . squamosa [ baur ] , annona muricata , a . reticulata k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
bachan , ternate , halmahera , waigeu , misool , salawati , w . irian - papua , ne . australia
papilio macfarlanei cestius fruhstorfer , 1903 ; soc . ent . 18 ( 7 ) : 49 ; tl : ?
papilio macfarlanei admiralia rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 195 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
papilio meyeri hopffer , 1874 ; stettin ent . ztg 35 ( 1 - 3 ) : 19 ; tl : celebes
papilio procles grose - smith , 1887 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 20 : 433 ; tl : kina balu
papilio wallacei hewitson , 1858 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio iii ) : [ 5 ] , pl . [ 3 ] , f . 7 ; tl : new guinea
papilio wallacei rubrosignatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 455 ; tl : northern moluccas , batjan
bougainville , choiseul , shortland is . , florida is . , guadalcanal , new georgia group , ugi is . . see [ maps ]
papilio hicetaon mathew , 1886 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1886 : 350 ; tl : ugi i .
new britain , duke of york group , new hanover , st . mathias ? . see [ maps ]
papilio browni godman & salvin , 1879 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 : 655 ; tl : new ireland
ailus billberg , 1820 ; enum . ins . mus . billb . : 81 ( repl . for zelima fabricius , 1807 ) ) ; ts : papilio pylades fabricius
: n . o . tanganyika , ukaranga ; n . nyassa see , langenburg
papilio evombar boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 254 ; tl : madagascar , comoro i .
papilio policenes cramer , [ 1775 ] ; uitl . kapellen 1 ( 1 - 7 ) : 61
larva on uvaria caffra , artabotrys [ eob ] , artabotrys monteiroae [ bk ] , uvaria bukobensis , u . chamae , landolphia buchannani , l . ugandensis , polyalthia sp . , annona reticulata , a . senegalensis , a . squamosa , monanthotaxis caffra [ afrl ]
guinea , sierra leone , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , equatorial guinea , bioko , cameroon , gabon , congo , e . congo republic , burundi . see [ maps ]
cameroon , gabon , congo , congo republic ( bas - fleuve , equateur ) . see [ maps ]
angola , congo republic , uganda , tanzania , mozambique , e . zimbabwe . see [ maps ]
papilio junodi trimen , 1893 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1893 ( 2 ) : 138 ; tl : morakwen , delagoa bay
nigeria , e . congo republic ( coast ) , tanzania , n . malawi , mozambique . see [ maps ]
liberia , sierra leone , ghana , ivory coast , togo , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , congo republic , c . a . r , sudan , sw . ethiopia , s . somalia , uganda , kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , mozambique , e . zimbabwe - zululand , swaziland . see [ maps ]
papilio illyris hewitson , 1873 ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 232 ; tl : gold coast
papilio illyris flavisparsus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; stettin ent . ztg 64 ( 2 ) : 359 ; tl : fernando po
papilio illyris girardeaui guilbot & plantrou , 1978 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 83 : 70 ; tl : empire centrafricain , bangui
papilio illyris hamatus joicey & talbot , 1918 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1917 : 271 ; tl : german east africa
congo republic ( kivu ) , rwanda , burundi , sw . uganda . see [ maps ]
natal , zululand , transvaal , moçambique , rhodesia , botswana , kenya , malawi , zambia , s . zaire ( shaba ) , tanzania . see [ maps ]
papilio porthaon hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio vii - viii ) : [ 14 ] , pl . [ 7 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : zambesi
larva on artabotrys monteiroae , annona , uvaria [ bk ] , friesodielsia obovata , cleistochlamys kirkii , monodora junodii , monanthotaxis caffra , uvaria caffra , u . kirkii [ afrl ]
kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , angola , malawi , zambia , mozambique - natal , zimbabwe , n . botswana , namibia
larva on annona senegalensis , sphedamnocarpus pruriens [ pbsa ] , uvaria [ bk ] , landolphia buchannani , l . ugandensis [ afrl ]
angola , s . congo republic , kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , malawi , zambia , mozambique , zimbabwe , n . botswana , n . namibia , transvaal , natal , swaziland , comoro is .
: kasaï , rivière mulundu , affluent de longatschimo , 85 km . de tshikapa
senegal , gambia , guinea - bissau , guinea , sierra leone , ivory coast , mali , burkina faso , ghana , togo , benin , niger , nigeria , sao tome and principe , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , n . congo republic ( ubangi , mongala , uele , ituri ) , chad , sudan , uganda , rwanda , burundi , ethiopia , w . kenya , tanzania
papilio endochus boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 243 ; tl : madagascar
natal , zululand , swaziland , transvaal , s . moçambique , se . zimbabwe , e . botswana . see [ maps ]
larva on uvaria caffra , artabotrys sp . [ pbsa ] , hexalobus monopetalus , artabotrys brachypetalus , a . monteiroae , annona senegalensis [ afrl ]
angola , congo republic ( shaba ) , tanzania , malawi , n . zambia . see [ maps ]
namibia , angola , s . congo republic , nw . zambia . see [ maps ]
papilio schaffgotschi niepelt , 1927 ; int . ent . zs . 21 : 53 ; tl :
deutsch sudw . africa
[ ? error ]
e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r , congo republic , chad , s . sudan , uganda , rwanda , burundi , w . tanzania , zambia . see [ maps ]
: sud kivu , rivière micozi , zône des mines m . g . l .
papilio leonidas fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : africa
larva on popowia caffra [ pbsa ] , annona , monanthotaxis , uvaria [ bk ] , monanthotaxis caffra , annona senegalensis , landolphia ugandensis , l . buchannani , annickia chlorantha , friesodielsia obovata , uvaria leptocladen , u . caffra , u . kirkii , u . acuminata , artabotrys cinerea , a . brachypetalus [ afrl ]
papilio leonidas santa - marthae joicey & talbot , 1927 ; encycl . ent . ( b3 ) 2 ( 1 ) : 12 ; tl : st . principe , 1500 - 2000ft
papilio leonidas thomasius le cerf , 1924 ; bull . mus . nat . hist . nat . 30 ( 2 ) : 137 ; tl :
san thome
; [ bafr ] , 44 ; [ bafr ] , 45 f . ( zanzibar pop . )
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r , congo republic ( ituri forest , n . shaba ) , w . tanzania . see [ maps ]
nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , congo republic , angola , c . a . r , chad , w . uganda , tanzania
papilio philonoë ward , 1873 ; ent . mon . mag . 10 : 152 ; tl : kenya , ribé
larva on uvaria leptocladon , u . chamae , annona sp . [ afrl ]
s . sudan ( riverine forest ) , sw . ethiopia , n . uganda , nw . kenya
papilio philonoe whalleyi talbot , 1929 ; bull . hill mus . 3 : 72 ; tl : s . sudan , imatong mountains
guinea , sierra leone , mali , burkina faso , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( ubangi , mongala ) . see [ maps ]
ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala , uele ) . see [ maps ]
e . cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala ) . see [ maps ]
papilio almansor honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : guinea , ashanti [ error , angola ? ]
angola , congo republic ( lualaba , lomami , kasai , sankuru , tanganika ) , n . zambia
papilio charcedonius [ sic ] birbiri ungemach , 1932 ; mém . soc . sci . nat . phys . maroc 32 : 21
papilio charchedonius karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 285 ; tl : bismarckburg , misahöhe
e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala , uele ) , s . sudan , uganda
congo republic ( kivu ) , uganda , sw . kenya , nw . tanzania , rwanda ? , burundi ?
both sexes are mimics of amauris niavius or a . tartarea ( another mimic of those same species is hypolimnas dubius ) . [ bk ]
senegal , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic . see [ maps ]
papilio fulleri grose - smith , 1883 ; ent . mon . mag . 19 : 234 ; tl : camaroons
: cameroun , mont kala , 900 / 1150m , 20 km . w . de yaoundé
cameroon , congo , n . angola , congo republic ( except shaba ) , chad . see [ maps ]
n . angola , s . congo republic , nw . zambia . see [ maps ]
papilio poggianus honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : guinea [ error ]
papilio hachei dewitz , 1881 ; berl . ent . z . 25 : 286 ; tl : west afrika , quango
cameroon , congo , n . congo republic , e . congo republic , c . a . r
papilio aurivilliusi seeldrayers , 1896 ; ann . soc . ent . belge 40 : 499 ; tl : congo
papilio ucalegon hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio vii - viii ) : [ 13 ] , pl . [ 7 ] , f . 19 ; tl : old calabar
w . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , nw . angola , c . a . r , congo republic ( mayumbe )
lowland forest ( nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , congo republic , c . a . r ) . see [ maps ]
papilio ucalegon var . simoni aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 485 ; tl : congogebiet , bangala
sri lanka , malaysia , malabar , sikkim - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
papilio antiphates cramer , [ 1775 ] ; uitl . kapellen 1 ( 1 - 7 ) : 113 , pl . 72 , f . a , b ; tl : s . china
larva on desmos cochinchinensis , uvaria microcarpa [ mrs ] , annona lawii [ bmp ] , annona , desmos , goniothalamus , melodorum , miliusa , uvaria , xylopia , michelia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
papilio antiphates javanicus eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 136 ; tl : java
= papilio antiphates ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 410
papilio antiphates itamputi ab . leucania jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 89 ; tl : ne . sumatra
papilio itamputi butler , 1885 ; in forbes , natur . wander east . archip . : 276 ; tl : lake ranau
pathysa ( pathysa ) antiphates itamputi ; [ bmp ] : 78 , pl . 6 , f . 12
papilio antiphates antiphanes fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 197 ( repl . papilio antiphates ceylonicus eimer , 1899 )
papilio antiphates antiphonus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 22 ) : 170 ; tl : nias
pathysa naira moore , [ 1903 ] ; lepidoptera indica 6 : 22 , pl . 475 , f . 1 , 1a ; tl : travancore , s . india
antiphates balius ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 90 ; tl : bali
papilio antiphates rhabdotus jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 , pl . 14 , f . 1 ; tl : sipora
papilio antiphates kalaoensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 2 ) : 92 ; tl : kalao i .
antiphates kurosawai ( igarashi , 1979 ) ( pathysa ) ; kodansha : 165 ; tl : s . sulawesi
peninsular india - s . bihar , madhya pradesh , saurashtra , lucknow , simla - sikkim , assam , burma , ceylon . see [ maps ]
papilio nomius f . pernomius moore , [ 1903 ] ; lepidoptera indica 6 : 29 , pl . 478 , f . 1 ; tl : sikkim
pathysa nomius hainana chou , 1994 ; : 751 , 173 , f . 6 ; tl : hainan
papilio aristeus parmatinus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : waigiu
larva on miliusa brahei , m . traceyi , polyalthia nitidissima , mitrephora froggattii ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
papilio anticrates doubleday , 1846 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . 18 ( 121 ) : 371 ; tl : sylhet
papilio aristeus pedo fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : sumba
arisbe ( pathysa ) aristeus hermocrates ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 5 , f . 10 - 13
pathysa aristea hainanensis chou & gu , 1994 ; in chou , monographia rhopalocerum sinensium 1 - 2 : 751 , 173 , f . 3 ; tl : hainan , jianfengling
aru , waigeu , w . irian , new guinea , papua , n . queensland
= papilio aristeus parmatus ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 419
papilio paron godman & salvin , 1879 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 : 654 ; tl : new ireland
papilio aristeus bifax rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 : 416 ; tl : obi
papilio aristeus aristinus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : kalao
= arisbe euphrates euphrates ( c . & r . felder , 1862 ) ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates euphrates ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 2 - 5
zebraica ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 90
papilio antiphates domaranus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 198 ; tl : domaran i .
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates domaranus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 9 , pl . 1 - 5
papilio ornatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 414 ; tl : halmahera
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates boholensis ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 6 - 7
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates buhisanus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 8
papilio euphratoides eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 133 , pl . 2 , f . 4
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphratoides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 9 , f . 6 - 8
papilio antiphates palawanicus eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 149 ( repl . ) ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor decolor ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 4
papilio antiphates euphrates ab . loc . atratus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 414 ; tl : mindoro ; ? bohol
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor atratus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 5 - 6
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor neozebraica ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 7 - 10
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor sibuyana ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 7 , f . 1 - 2
papilio antiphates f . tigris semper , 1892 ; reisen philipp . ( 7 ) : 284 , pl . 48 , f . 2 ; tl : se . mindanao
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor tigris ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 7 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 8 , f . 1
arisbe decolor rebeccae page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor rebeccae ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 7 , f . 5 - 6
arisbe decolor jamesi page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
aribes ( pathysa ) decolor jamesi ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 7 , f . 7 - 8
? papilio androcles latilinea joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) : 323 ; tl : sula i .
papilio androcles cleomenes fruhstorfer , 1911 ; ent . rundschau 28 ( 23 ) : 178 ; tl : sula mangoli
papilio rhesus boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 253 ; tl :
bengal
[ error ]
papilio rhesus rhesulus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 164
papilio rhesus parvimacula joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) : 322 ; tl : sula i .
papilio dorcus de haan , 1840 ; verh . nat . gesch . ned . overz . bez . ( zool . ) : 35
papilio agetes westwood , 1843 ; arcana entomologica , 2 : 23 , pl . 55 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl :
sylhet
1099x918 ( ~ 384kb ) upperside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1155x826 ( ~ 337kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
papilio agetes tenuilineatus fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 89 ; tl : xomgom , s . annam


pseudochazara droshica is a species of butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found from drosh , southern chitral and in the shandur pass in north-east chitral .

pseudochazara droshica

pseudochazara droshica rajevskyi tshikolovets , 1996 ; j . ukr . ent . soc . 2 ( 2 ) : 39
droshica ( tytler , 1926 ) ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 : 256
encyclopedia of life pseudochazara aristonicus fruhstorfer 1911 . pseudochazara atambegi wyatt & omoto 1966 . pseudochazara augustini weiss 1980 . pseudochazara aurantiaca staudinger 1871 . pseudochazara badachshana wyatt & omoto 1966 . pseudochazara baltistana holik 1949 . — “pseudochazara - encyclopedia of life” ,
pseudochazara de lesse 1951 . andrew v . z . brower . click on an image to view larger version & data in pseudochazara hippolyte . pseudochazara kanishka . pseudochazara lehana . pseudochazara lydia . — “pseudochazara” ,
pseudochazara . de lesse 1951 . pseudochazara is a genus of butterflies within the pseudochazara alpina ( staudinger , 1878 ) pseudochazara amalthea . — “pseudochazara - wikipedia , the free encyclopedia” ,
nw173 - 12 pseudochazara atlantis . by pavel matos on 12 feb 2009 . nw173 by pavel matos on 25 jan 2009 . nw172 - 26 pseudochazara droshica ( ? ) by pavel matos on 25 jan . — “pseudochazara : on nsg ' s voucher db” , urltoken
pseudochazara atlantis pseudochazara atlantis ( austaut , 1905 ) moroccan grayling . genus : pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 original genus : satyrus latreille , . — “pseudochazara atlantis” , urltoken
white banded grayling , pseudochazara anthelea - matt rowlings ' s european butterflies . — “pseudochazara anthelea” ,
pseudochazara anthelea . anthelea . a - m . €5 . 00 . turkey . satyridae . pseudochazara anthelea pseudochazara anthelea . anthelea . a - f . €7 . 50 . greece , crete . satyridae . pseudochazara anthelea . — “the insect collector satyridae ( pseudochazara - q ) ” ,
this photo from the treknature travel gallery is titled ' pseudochazara mamurra photo ' . — “treknature | pseudochazara mamurra photo” ,
pseudochazara telephassa courtship courship behavior of a butterfly species pseudochazara telephassa . halveti - turkey , 22 - 05 - 2013 .
pseudochazara cingovskii . species authority : gross , 1973 . common name / s : pseudochazara cingovskii . in : iucn 2010 . iucn red list of threatened . — “pseudochazara cingovskii ( macedonian grayling ) ” ,
zur kenntnis der androkonienfelder von pseudochazara thelephassa ( geyer , 1827 ) und pseudochazara anthelea ( hübner , 1824 ) ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) .
pseudochazara hippolyte ; [ bru , 253 ] ; [ h & r ; , 148 ] ; [ bow : pl . see [ about maps ] pseudochazara hippolyte williamsi romei , 1927 ; , tl : sierra nevava , spain . — “pseudochazara” , urltoken
eine neue satyride der gattung pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 aus afghanistan ( satyridae ) .
comparison of the male genitalia and androconia of pseudochazara anthelea acamanthis ( rebel , 1916 ) from cyprus , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea ( hübner , 1924 ) from mainland turkey and pseudochazara anthelea amalthea ( frivaldsky , 1845 ) from mainland greece ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
pseudochazara kopetdaghi dubatolov , 1989 ; cheshuekrylye srednei azii , proc . zin ran 200 : 138
new discoveries of pseudochazara mamurra amymone brown , 1976 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
wanted ! dead or alive : the tale of the brown’s grayling ( pseudochazara amymone ) .
pseudochazara nukatli ; [ bru2 ] : 221 , pl . 84 , f . 27 - 29
pseudochazara cingovskii gross , 1973 ; j . ent . gaz . 27 ( 2 ) : 88
a review of the genus pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) in greece .
ebay : find pseudochazara mniszechii - male - mounted butterflys in the collectibles , animals , insects butterflies , butterflies moths category on ebay . — “pseudochazara mniszechii - male - mounted butterflys - ebay” ,
moroccan grayling - pseudochazara atlantis . family : satyridae . flight the species of this genus have a europe wide distribution . they have formed into many . — “moroccan grayling - pseudochazara atlantis” , butterfly -
the lifecycle and ecology of pseudochazara amymone ( brown , 1976 ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
iran . khorasan north quchau , . — “nw173 - 6 pseudochazara pelopea on flickr - photo sharing ! ” ,
lepidopterology - e - museum - pseudochazara orestes de prins & van der poorten , 1981 balkan endemic , confined to some mountains of n greece and s bulgaria . — “lepidopterology | e - museum | pseudochazara orestes de prins” ,
pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded tawny rockbrown nl : witbandheremiet tk : anadolu yalanci cadisi pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded tawny rockbrown nl : witbandheremiet tk : anadolu yalanci cadisi . — “pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded” ,
pseudochazara mamurra ; [ h & r ; ] , 149 ; [ bow ] : pl . 8 , f . 16
pseudochazara nukatli bogdanov , 2000 ; helios 1 : 111 ; tl : verkhny gunib . nukatl ' mts . , 2000m , daghestan
list of samples of the genus pseudochazara included in the barcoding analysis ( either own samples with “la” id or from bold ) .
a quantitative description of the male genitalia of 23 taxa of pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
1986 ) , one colony in a single utm 10 x 10 km grid , and of pseudochazara hippolyte 1986 ) , in einem 10 x 10 km utm - raster , und von pseudochazara hippolyte . — “new localities for polyommatus sagratrox ( aistleitner , 1986” , usuarios3
pseudochazara porphyritica clench & shoumatoff , 1956 ; vidensk . medd . dansk naturh . forening 118 : 148 ; tl : panjao , 2500m
pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ; rev . franç . lépid . 13 ( 3 / 4 ) : 42 ; ts : hipparchia pelopea klug
pseudochazara pakistana gross , 1978 ; atalanta 9 : 63 , f . 23 ; tl : ziarat , [ nw . baluchistan , pakistan ]
pseudochazara daghestana holik , 1955 ; z . lep . : 176 , pl . 10 , f . 1 , 2 , 5 , 6
pseudochazara lehana riegeri tshikolovets , 2005 ; butterflies of ladak : 105 , pl . 22 , f . 10 - 12 , 14 - 16
pseudochazara is a palearctic genus with its center of diversity in central asia and the caucasus . the range of one widespread species p . hyppolyte
pseudochazara mniszechii watsoni clench & shoumatoff , 1956 ; vidensk . medd . dansk naturh . forening 118 : 148 ; tl : kotal pass , 3800m
pseudochazara atlantis ; [ h & r ; ] , 148 ; [ bmat ] : 77 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 15
phylum : arthropoda • classis : insecta • subclassis : pterygota • infraclassis : neoptera • superordo : endopterygota • ordo : lepidoptera • familia : nymphalidae • subfamilia : satyrinae • tribus : satyrini • genus : pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 . subcategories . — “category : pseudochazara - wikimedia commons” ,
pseudochazara atlantis benderi weiss , 1979 ; entomops 48 : 273 - 274 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : dj . lakraa ( morocco )
descriptions of wing androconia from some pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the natural history museum , london .
frequency distribution of pairwise intra - and interspecific p - distances of the coi sequences in the genus pseudochazara . no “barcoding gap” exists between these two data series .
it is important to note that the average genetic distance between two geographically separated subspecies , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea from asia minor and neighbouring islands , and pseudochazara anthelea amalthea from the balkan peninsula was 1 . 5 % . this result is indicative for differentiation into distinct species as predicted by kudrna et al . ( 2011 ) .
identität , verbreitung und subspezifische gliederung von pseudochazara lydia ( staudinger , 1878 ) ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f .
further descriptions of androconia from staudinger’s pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the zoologisches museum der humboldt - universität zu berlin .
le genre pseudochazara de lesse en europe et en afrique du nord . description d’une sous - espèce nouvelle de ps . hippolyte esper ( lep . : satyridae ) .
pseudochazara is a palearctic genus with its center of diversity in central asia and the caucasus . the range of one widespread species p . hyppolyte extends west to spain .
? pseudochazara daghestana zangezura nekrutenko , 1989 ; vestn . zool . 1989 ( 1 ) : 16 ; tl : nakhichevan assr , mts zangezur , bitshenek , 2100 - 2300
a quantitative description of androconia from staudinger’s pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the zoological museum of the humboldt university of berlin .
information on species of hesperiidae occurring in the former ussr , including , type locality , synonyms , range , distribution and variation , taxonomic notes , habitat and biology , similar species , and photo of adults pseudochazara beroe rhena ( herrich - schaffer , 1852 ) . — “satyridae , pseudochazara beroe ( herrich - schaffer , [ 1844 ] ) ” ,
pseudochazara kanishka aussem , 1980 ; nota lepid . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 8 ; tl : afghanistan , prov . samangan , tang - e - tashqurghan , 500m
description of wing androconia from the lectotype of pseudochazara caucasica ( lederer , 1864 ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) , with notes on the topotype wing androconia of related taxa .
die verbreitung und subspezifische gliederung von pseudochazara mamurra ( herrich - schäffer , [ 1846 ] ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f .
given the high resolution of the basal clades within the coi gene tree , the lack of differentiation between taxa within the ‘ mamurra ’ and ‘ pelopea ’ group was unexpected . in particular , species like pseudochazara geyeri and pseudochazara daghestana are among the most easily recognisable species in the genus with uniform and very distinct wing patterns / coloration . there are several possible hypotheses to explain this lack of differentiation :
notes on the taxonomic status and supposed biogeographic affinity of the pseudochazara anthelea ( hübner , [ 1824 ] ) populations from kípros ( cyprus ) and from the greek island of kós ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae satyrinae ) .
verovnik r , wiemers m ( 2016 ) species delimitation in the grayling genus pseudochazara ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) supported by dna barcodes . zookeys 600 : 131–154 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 600 . 7798
description of androconia in the palaearctic asian pseudochazara baldiva ( moore , 1865 ) butterfly species - group ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) with designation of two lectotypes and reference to type and other material in the natural history museum , london .
phylogeny of pseudochazara species derived from the barcoding gene coi using bayesian inference analysis . values on major branches are bayesian posterior probabilities . branches with support lower than 50 % were collapsed manually . branch names combine taxon name and sample id ( see appendix 1 ) . nomenclature follows lukhtanov ( 2007 ) .
“and also colias phicomone , colias erate , colias palaeno europomene , pseudochazara hippolyte ( a - ) , junonia villica goto : forum list•message list•search•log in . your name : your email : subject : spam prevention : please , enter the code that you see” — rusinsects forum : : lepidoptera : : parnassius , agrias , colias ,
“aeshna cyanea female dragonfly . i ' ve visited only once this beautiful island ( rhodos ) before a few years , for some interesting and rare rhopalocera , like pelopidas thrax ( hesperiidae ) , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea ( brown form female , satyridae ) etc , but didn ' t see this species of anax” — forum - aeshna cyanea female dragonfly ,
new data regarding the geographical distribution of pseudochazara graeca in greece , with notes about its wing coloration , the status of its ssp . coutsisi ( = zagoriensis ) , as well as the supposed correlation between the hw underside ground colour and the geological character of the habitat in both p . graeca and hyponephele lycaon ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
depending on which systematic order of classification is adhered to , the genus pseudochazara comprises 27–32 species of graylings ( gross 1978 , lukhtanov 2007 , savela 2015 ) . it has a wide distribution in the palaearctic region from north africa to the himalayas and mongolia ( tennent 1996 , tshikolovets 2005 , yakovlev 2012 ) . in addition to vague species delimitation , large intraspecific variation has resulted in the description of over 100 subspecific taxa ( lukhtanov 2007 ) in this intensively studied taxon .
es , asia minor , s . russia - tian - shan , mongolia . see [ maps ]
papilio hippolyte esper , 1783 ; die schmett . th . i , bd . 2 ( 8 ) : 164 , pl . 84 , f . 4 [ ? ] ; tl : s . russia
742x500 ( ~ 90kb ) underside a dry delta [ sair ] of the shivilig - khem river descending from the east tannu - ola mountain range being a northern border of the ubsu - nur hollow , tes - khem district , the southern tuva rapublic , s siberia , russia . 16th july 1990 , photo © oleg kosterin
hippolyte dorriesi ( bang - haas , 1933 ) ( satyrus ) ; ent . z . 47 ( 12 ) : 98
1200x1200 ( ~ 262kb ) underside russia , siberia , tyva republic , the hills on the ulug - khem river right bank at city kyzyl , 51°43 ' n 94°24 ' e , alt . 650 - 700 m , dry stony steppe . 9 / vii 2000 , photo © oleg kosterin
810x540 ( ~ 58kb ) sierra maria , prov . almería , spain , august 1989 , photo © enrique garcia - barros
pallida ( staudinger , 1901 ) ; in staudinger & rebel , cat . lepid . palaearct . faunengeb . , 1 : 55 ; tl : e . altai
hipparchia euxina kuznetsov , 1909 ; ann . mus . zool . st . - pétersb . 14 : 141 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 6 ; tl : crimea
afghanistan - middle asia ( mountains ) - sw . altai . see [ maps ]
satyrus lehana var . turkestana grum - grshimailo , 1893 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 27 : 384 ; tl : tian - shan
nw . himalaya , w . hindu kush - w . pamirs . see [ maps ]
lebanon , syria , asia minor , e . turkey , caucasus , kopet - dagh . see [ maps ]
hipparchia pelopea klug , 1832 ; in ehrenberg , symbolae phys . , ins . 3 : 1 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 8 ; tl :
monte libano syriae prope arissam
, [ lebanon ]
satyrus pelopea schahrudensis staudinger , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 69 ; tl : elburs mts . , iran
satyrus mamurra herrich - schäffer , [ 1846 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 13 ) : ( ii ) f . 314 - 315
satyrus pelopea var . alpina staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 281 ; tl :
kurusch im nordöstlichen caucasus . . 3000m
satyrus olga gerhard , 1882 ; berl . ent . zs . 26 ( 1 ) : 127
asia minor - s . transcaucasia , elburs mts . - kopet - dagh . see [ maps ]
beroe ( herrich - schäffer , [ 1844 ] ) ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 4 ) : 74 , ( 5 ) ( ii ) pl . 23 , f . 108 - 111 ; tl : stambul and bursa , turkey
satyrus mamurra schakuhensis staudinger , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 70 ; tl : shahkuh mt . range , elburs mts . , iran
sw . georgia , asia minor , baluchistan - simla hills . see [ maps ]
eumenis mniszechii herrich - schäffer , [ 1852 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 54 ) : ( ii ) f . 577 - 579 ; tl : central turkey
larva on poa annua , p . pratensis [ bru ] , hesselbarth et al , 1995
satyrus pelopea var . caucasica lederer , 1864 ; wien . ent . monats . 8 ( 5 ) : 168 . pl . 3 , f . 5
satyrus geyeri herrich - schäffer , [ 1851 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 6 ( 48 ) : 13 ; tl : mt . ararat , turkey
asia minor , iran , iraq , syria , transcaucasia , kopet - dagh - afghanistan - baluchistan . see [ maps ]
eumenis thelephassa geyer , [ 1827 ] ; samml . exot . schmett . 2 : pl . [ 85 ] , f . 1 - 4
satyrus anthelea schawerdae fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 30 ) : 121 ; tl : herzegovina , lastoa
baldiva ( moore , 1865 ) ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 2 ) : 499
hipparchia lehana moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : leh , kharbu ( 13000ft ) , ladak
minois mniszechi lehana ; fruhstorfer , 1908 , int . ent . zs . 2 ( 2 ) : 10 ( note )
graeca ( staudinger , 1870 ) ; horae soc . ent . ross . 7 ( 1870 ) : 70 ; tl : mt . parnassus and taygetos mts .
satyrus mamurra var . lydia staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 281
satyrus mamummra var . obscura staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 282
satyrus pelopea var . kirgisa gerhard , 1882 ; berl . ent . zs . 26 ( 1 ) : 127
the dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
lepidoptera rhopalocera ( insecta ) from afghanistan . the 3rd danish expedition to central asia ( zoological results 21 )
histoire naturelle des lépidoptèrs ou papillons de france - supplement . diurnes in godart ,
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . fortsetzung . band 2
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , 1843 ( - 1855 ) , die tagfalter
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , sechter un letzter band , 1843 - 1856
( 1 ) : ( i ) pl . i ( 1843 ) , ( 3 ) : ( i ) i - ii , pl . ii - iv ( 1844 ) , ( 6 ) : ( i ) pl . v ( 1844 ) , ( 7 ) : ( i ) pl . vi ( 1844 ) , ( 8 ) : ( i ) iii - x , pl . vii - viii ( 1844 ) , ( 9 ) : ( i ) pl . ix - xi ( 1844 ) , ( 11 ) : ( i ) pl . xii ( 1845 ) , ( 13 ) : ( i ) xi - xiv , pl . xiii - xiv ( 1846 ) , ( 17 ) : ( i ) pl . xvi ( 1846 ) , ( 22 ) : ( ii ) pl . i - iii ( 1847 ) , ( 35 ) : ( i ) pl . xv ( 1848 ) , ( 36 ) : ( i ) pl . xvii - xix ( 1848 ) , ( 37 ) : ( i ) pl . xx ( 1849 ) , ( ? 38 ) : ( i ) xv - xviii ( 1849 ) , ( 38 ) : ( i ) pl . xxi - xxii ( 1849 ) , ( 40 ) : ( ii ) i - ii - iv , pl . iv - ix ( 1849 ) , ( 48 ) : [
- 36 ( 1852 ) , ( 60 ) : ( ii ) v - viii , pl . x - xiv ( iv ) 37 - 40 ( 1853 ) , ( 65 ) : ( iv )
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )
divisions génériques et subgénériques des anciens genres satyrus et eumenis ( s . l . )
list of diurnal lepidoptera collected by capt . a . m . lang in the n . w . himalayas
descriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873
wyatt , 1952 einige neue tagfalterformen aus marokko zs . wiener ent . ges . 37 : 173 - 175
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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ssp . atambegi wyatt & omoto , 1966 – “bala quaran , anjuman valley , badachshan at 2 , 900 – 3 , 200 mtrs . ” ;
wyatt & omoto , 1966 – “north badachshan , shiva mts , afghanistan
at 1 , 800 - 2 , 800 mtrs . ;
ssp . rajevskyi tshikolovets , 1996 - tadzhikistan , pamir , severo - alichursky mts . , 5 km eastern of kishlak bargadiv , 3000 mtrs .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
2 ufz – helmholtz - centre for environmental research , department of community ecology , theodor - lieser - str . 4 , 06120 halle , germany
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( cc by 4 . 0 ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
the main reason for the extensive variation in phenotype can be linked with the specific ecological requirements of these butterflies . they are mostly petrophilous and limited to specific rock substrate to which they are perfectly adapted with their camouflaged underside wing pattern and cryptic coloration . local adaptation to mimic the coloration of the rock substrate is , therefore , one of the main drivers for such large scale diversification ( lorković 1974 , weiss 1980 , hesselbarth et al . 1995 , tennent 1996 , but see anastassiu et al . 2009 ) .
there has been no attempt to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus or validate species status using molecular markers . only the taxonomic position within subtribe satyrina and a sister relationship to chazara has been established ( peña et al . 2011 ) .
total genomic dna was extracted from single legs , following the mammalian tissue preparation protocol ( genelute mammalian genomic dna miniprep kit from sigma - aldrich ) . for each sample a 657 bp fragment of the first subunit of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase ( coi ) was amplified using primers lco1490 and hco2198 ( folmer et al . 1994 ) . amplification followed a standard protocol described in verovnik et al . ( 2004 ) . pcr products were visualized on an agarose gel to verify amplification success and sequenced by macrogen in both directions on an applied biosystems 3730xl sequencer .
no insertions or deletions were observed in the mitochondrial coi gene and therefore the alignment was unambiguous . for the coi dataset 63 unique haplotypes among 108
sequences were detected . 114 ( 17 . 5 % ) sites were variable and 95 ( 14 . 6 % ) were parsimony informative . the average interspecific genetic distance was 4 . 9 % , but in the case of
the intraspecific diversity ranged from 0 to 6 . 7 % with highly distinct divergent sequences of
. no evident barcoding gap was observed separating intraspecific from interspecific pairwise genetic distances ( fig .
. on the other hand , 82 % of species comparisons showed high ( ≥2 % ) interspecific distances .
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ pelopea ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ mamurra ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
) , confirms the monophyly of the genus . high posterior probability values support a basal position of
, the only species of the genus present in ( and confined to ) north africa . this is somewhat surprising as
is also distinctive according to the tcs analysis and forms a separate network . in addition , the second basal split within
’ clades received high support . we present the results for these clades separately :
this group , which forms a distinct network in the tcs analysis ( fig .
, in particular the latter , with much wider and more pronounced orange submarginal bands on their forewings .
despite superficial resemblance in wing patterns and coloration . in fact , it is closely related to two other local endemics from the balkan peninsula ,
, so our preliminary results do not support its current status as a separate species . within this clade
from southern spain appears basally , however with low posterior probability and it is not monophyletic . all other described subspecies (
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ hippolyte ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
’ group , indicating their close relationship , but with a separate network for each in the tcs analysis . all other sequences form a single network ( fig .
’ group is monophyletic , and includes several well - defined species ( in terms of wing patterns , androconia and genitalia ) with identical or very similar haplotypes . the following taxa could not be distinguished based on coi haplotypes as they do not form separate monophyletic clades :
, so their position within this group is tentative . however , it is clear that
with which it shares similarities e . g . the shape of the androconia (
and they appear closely related , however , this is again based on the inclusion of a single sequence .
– incomplete lineage sorting : recent speciation could result in unresolved relationships among these closely related species ; however , well - defined species borders in terms of constant wing pattern differentiation coupled with broad overlaps in species ranges challenges this hypothesis .
– pseudogenes or wolbachia infections : both are common in invertebrates , particularly in arthropods ( bensasson et al . 2011 , gerth et al . 2014 , leite 2012 , ritter et al . 2013 ) . as the vast majority of the haplotypes in the ‘ mamurra ’ and ‘ pelopea ’ clades originate from the bold database it is impossible to check or correct for this potential error .
russia : north ossetia - alania , rv . ardon , skasan , 1850 m
s . montagud , j . a . garcia - alama & j . garcia
bensasson d , zhang x , hartl dl , hewitt gm . ( 2011 )
problems with dna barcodes for species delimitation : ‘ten species’ of astraptes fulgerator reassessed ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae ) .
in : settele j , shreeve tg , konvicka m , van dyck h . ( eds )
dinca v , zakharov ev , hebert pdn , vila r . ( 2011 )
complete dna barcode reference library for a country’s butterfly fauna reveals high performance for temperate europe .
folmer om , black m , hoeh r , lutz r , vrijehoek r . ( 1994 )
dna primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates .
garcia - castellanos d , estrada f , jiménez - munt i , gorini c , fernàndez m , vergés j , de vicente r . ( 2009 )
gascoigne - pees m , verovnik r , franeta f , popović m . ( 2014 )
gerth m , gansauge mt , weigert a , bleidorn c . ( 2014 )
gompert z , forister ml , fordyce ja , nice cc . ( 2008 )
widespread mito - nuclear discordance with evidence for introgressive hybridization and selective sweeps in lycaeides .
hebert pdn , penton eh , burns jm , janzen dh , hallwachs w . ( 2004 )
ten species in one : dna barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly astraptes fulgerator .
phylogeny and biogeography of coenonympha butterflies ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) – patterns of colonization in the holarctic .
kreuzinger aj , fiedler k , letsch h , grill a . ( 2014 )
tracing the radiation of maniola ( nymphalidae ) butterflies : new insights from phylogeography hint at one single incompletely differentiated species complex .
kudrna o , harpke a , lux k , pennerstorfer j , schweiger o , settele j , wiemers m . ( 2011 )
die verteilung der varibilität von hipparchia statilinus hufn . ( lepid . , satyridae ) in beziehung zum karstboden des ostadratischen küstenlandes .
mitochondrial pseudogenes in insect dna barcoding : differing points of view on the same issue .
interpretation of mitochondrial diversity in terms of taxonomy : a case study of hyponephele lycaon species complex in israel ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
molecular systematics and phylogeny of the ‘marbled whites’ ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae , melanargia meigen ) .
dna barcoding reveals twelve lineages with properties of phylogenetic and biological species within melitaea didyma sensu lato ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae ) .
the radiation of satyrini butterflies ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) : a challenge for phylogenetic methods .
ritter s , michalski sg , settele j , wiemers m , fric zf , sielezniew m , šašić m , rozier y , durka w . ( 2013 )
wolbachia infections mimic cryptic speciation in two parasitic butterfly species , phengaris teleius and p . nausithous ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) .
song h , buhay je , whiting mf , crandall ka . ( 2008 )
many species in one : dna barcoding overestimates the number of species when nuclear mitochondrial pseudo - genes are coamplified .
tamura k , stecher g , peterson d , filipski a , kumar s . ( 2013 )
the butterflies of ladak ( n . - w . india ) ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) .
verovnik r , micevski b , maes d , wynhoff i , van swaay c , warren m . ( 2013 )
verovnik r , popović m , šašić m , cuvelier s , maes d . ( 2014 )
phylogeography of subterranean and surface populations of water lice asellus aquaticus ( crustacea : isopoda ) .
wakeham - dawson a , parker r , john e , dennis rlh . ( 2003 )
does the dna barcoding gap exist ? – a case study in blue butterflies ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) .
checklist of butterflies ( papilionoidea ) of the mongolian altai mountains , including descriptions of new taxa .
yang z , landry j - f , handfield l , zhang y , solis ma , handfield d , scholtens bg , mutanen m , nuss m , hebert pdn . ( 2012 )
dna barcoding and morphology reveal three cryptic species of anania ( lepidoptera : crambidae : pyraustinae ) in north america , all distinct from their european counterpart .
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tuzov vk , bogdanov pv , devyatkin al , kaabak lv , korolev va , murzin vs , samodurov gd , and tarasov ea . 1997 . guide to the butterflies of russia and adjacent territories ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) . pensoft , sofia .
russia , siberia , tyva republic , the hills on the ulug - khem river right bank at city kyzyl , 51o43 ' n 94o24 ' e , alt . 650 - 700 m , dry stony steppe .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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this is a non - comprehensive list of larval host plants that are possibly used by the western palearctic satyrinae . there are still some butterfly species which i need to add and update but hopefully you can find what i currently have as useful .
the only difference between list a and list b is that whereas in list a the data is sorted according to the butterfly species , list b is sorted according to the host plant species . this should facilitate the usage of this data .
? – either no data is available or still unsure whether the food plant is accepted by that species .
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