the buffy fish owl ( bubo ketupu ) , also known as the malay fish owl , is a species of owl in the family strigidae .

the four fish owls were previously generally separated in the genus ketupa .

mtdna cytochrome b sequence data is equivocal on which genus name is applied for them , and today they are commonly lumped with the horned and eagle-owls ( bubo ) – which they also resemble osteologically very much – for sake of convenience .

depending on whether some little-studied tropical eagle-owls are closer to the fish-owls than to the typical eagle-owls , ketupa might be a valid genus if these as well as the fishing owls ( formerly scotopelia ) are included in it , although there are a number of osteological differences that suggest that fishing and fish owls are not directly related to each other .

buffy fish owl

[ 16 ] bird life international . ( 2012 ) . ketupa ketupu ( buffy fish - owl , buffy fish owl , buffy fish - owl ) . the iucn red list of threatened species url :
mortality : buffy fish owls have lived for over 30 years in captivity . in regions with fish ponds , the buffy fish owl is sometimes persecuted because of its fish - catching habits .
read in detail about the buffy fish owl in the avis – ibis database .
the buffy fish owl is a medium to fairly large owl with prominent , outward - facing ear - tufts . it is also known as the malay fish owl .
[ 13 ] “buffy fish - owl” by nicole . oiseaux - birds . com . url :
the buffy fish - owl ( bubo ketupu ) is a species of owl found throughout southeast asia and several islands of indonesia .
these buffy fish owl species have low forest dependency . these species occur in altitudes from 0 to 1500 meters .
[ 12 ] “portrait of an owl : buffy fish owl” by melinda tan , yc . bird ecology study group , 11 march 2007 . url :
[ 14 ] “buffy fish owl encounters” by allan teo . bird ecology study group , 31 may 2007 . url :
[ 15 ] “buffy fish owl – the big yawn” by connie khoo . bird ecology study group , 1 august 2006 . url :
habits : the buffy fish owl shelters during the day , often singly , in dark places such as densely foliaged trees near nesting site .
the buffy fish owl ranges from south assam , vietnam , south thailand , peninsular malaysia , singapore to sumatra , borneo , java , and bali .
[ 9 ] lewis , d . ( 2013 , june 19 ) . buffy fish owl - bubo ketupu - information , pictures , sounds . retrieved november 9 , 2014 , from the owl pages
owyong , a . ( 2016 ) first known nesting record of the buffy fish owl . singapore bird group . retrieved aug 3 , 2016 , from urltoken
tawny fish owl ( ketupa flavipes ) ( photo by : jayanth sharma cc by 3 . 0 )
i have a nice photo of the adult the adult buffy fish owl from the botanics . if you would like the photo for your records do let me know .
buffy fish owls can be found in malaysia , thailand and the indonesian islands . they live in forested areas with a nearby water source so that they have access to fish .
post breeding , the buffy fish owl juveniles may disperse and establish in new locations within the range . they may make local movements for feeding and breeding within their range .
the voice of the buffy fish owl is probably the most recognizable of the four ketupa species , being higher pitched and more musical than the other three species . [ 10 ]
royal society searrp . ( n . d . ) . buffy fish owl ( ketupa ketupu ) . stability of altered forest ecology . retrieved aug 4 , 2016 , from urltoken
the buffy fish owl is a one of four species of fish owl . while it ' s a fairly large owl , it ' s the smallest of the fish owls . adults are about 15 - 19 inches ( 38 - 48 cm . ) bubo ketupu is native to the dense tropical forests of southeast asia . as the name implies , a large proportion of the buffy fish owl ' s diet consists of fish , as well as crustaceans , reptiles , frogs , toads and insects . rats , mice and large beetles are also taken . they will sometimes take bats , and reportedly feed on carrion . buffy fish owls fish from a perch an the water ' s edge , or from a tree on a wooded bank , swooping down to snatch prey from the water ' s surface . they will also walk in shallow streams to snatch crabs , frogs , fish and aquatic insects .
brown fish owl ( ketupa zeylonensis ) ( photo by : lip lee yap cc by - sa 2 . 0 )
the artificial ecosystems of these buffy fish owl species include rural gardens , plantations , urban parks , pasturelands , freshwater , brackish water and marine aquaculture ponds , irrigation canals and irrigated lands .
seng , a & loei , j . ( 2015 ) . encounter with a one - eyed buffy fish - owl . bird ecology study group . retrieved aug 3 , 2016 , from urltoken
buffy fish owl , one of the more common names of the ketupa ketupu , is so named because of the buffy colouration of its body in relation to the other fish owls , being a more yellow - beige colour than the other 4 species . it is also sometimes referred to as java / malay / malaysian fish owl , in reference to the localities it is found in , more common in the indonesian island of java and in the malay peninsula .
introduction : the buffy fish - owl feeds exclusively on fish and a variety of aquatic organisms . some morphological features are well - adapted to its feeding behaviour . this species is rarely seen far from water , usually in forested areas and even close to human habitations .
the buffy fish owl species are distributed in india , bangladesh , myanmar , thailand , cambodia , laos , vietnam , malaysia , singapore , brunei and indonesia . aquaculture farmers consider these owl species as pest birds . there are four recognized subspecies of these owls .
behaviour in the wild : the buffy fish - owl feeds exclusively on fish and other aquatic preys such as crustaceans , frogs , toads , and also reptiles and large aquatic insects . it may take carrion sometimes , and also rats , mice and large beetles , and occasionally bats .
the buffy fish - owl rests in trees during the day and becomes active at dusk . it is often alone , hidden in dark places usually among the tree foliage , in the vicinity of the nesting site .
the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated the owl species and has listed it as of
least concern
. the cites ( convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) status is ‘evaluated’ for the buffy fish owl (
buffy fish owls mostly eat fish . with their talons , they catch fish that are swimming just below the surface . they also sometimes eat other animals that are found near water , including frogs , reptiles , rodents and insects . they are also known to feed on carrion when it is available .
the nesting of the buffy fish - owl ( ketupa ketupu ) at the sungei buloh wetland reserve during march - april 2016 coincided with one of singapore’s hottest period . the chick fledged in the latter part of april .
hunting & food : as the name implies , a large proportion of the buffy fish owl ' s diet consists of fish , as well as crustaceans , reptiles , frogs , toads and insects . rats , mice and large beetles are also taken . they will sometimes take bats , and reportedly feed on carrion . buffy fish owls fish from a perch an the water ' s edge , or from a tree on a wooded bank , swooping down to snatch prey from the water ' s surface . they will also walk in shallow streams to snatch crabs , frogs , fish and aquatic insects .
the diet of these buffy fish owl species is mostly fish . crabs , shrimps , frogs , toads , crayfish , reptiles , birds , small mammals and large insects are their primary food . they are known to prey on snakes , fruit bats and young false gharials . they also feed on carrion .
the typical buffy fish owl clutch has one oval and dull white egg . the chick hatches out after 28 - 29 days of incubation . the chicks fledge after six weeks of growth . both the parents take care of the hatchling .
the buffy fish owl usually lays a single egg in the cup - like hollow formed by the leaves of the big epiphytic bird ' s nest fern ( asplenium nidus ) , in tree holes or abandoned nests of some large raptors .
the buffy fish owl species are distributed in india , bangladesh , myanmar , thailand , cambodia , laos , vietnam , malaysia , singapore , brunei , indonesia . in india , these owl species are distributed in the states of odisha , west bengal , assam , arunachal pradesh , nagaland , tripura and mizoram .
subspecies and range : the buffy fish - owl has two subspecies : k . k . ketupu ( here described and displayed ) occurs in se asia , malay peninsula , riau archipelago , sumatra , java , bali , borneo and bangka .
as you can probably guess from its name , it feeds exclusively on aquatic creatures such as fish . because of their special diet , they aren’t like your typical owl . unlike the snowy owl ( harry potter’s tragically dead pet ) , the buffy fish owl does not fly silently . they don’t need to since their prey ( fish ) are unlikely to be able to hear them anyway . another unique behaviour of the fish owls are that instead of swooping down to catch their prey like we so often see on documentaries , they actually wade into shallow waters to catch their prey [ 6 ] . pretty cool , huh ?
now , back to the buffy fish owl . though you can only see its speckled brown back in the picture above , the smallest of the fish owls can be distinguished by it’s brilliant yellow eyes and adorable ear tufts that are usually tilted at 45 degrees [ 3 ] . since they are largely nocturnal , it can be difficult to spot owls at daytime when they are usually resting silently in trees , an indistinguishable shape on the tree . however , birders have reported an encouraging increase in local sightings of this elusive fish owl in the recent years [ 4 ] . if you haven’t spotted one , there are always pictures . check out this awesome one of the infamous one - eyed buffy fish owl [ 5 ] !
they might be killed due to their predation on fish and aquatic organisms , if they are seen as threats to human livelihood depending on fish stocks , especially if these ketupa ketupu inhabit and hunt in areas near human constructs such as fish ponds .
protection / threats / status : the buffy fish - owl is sometimes affected by local persecution due to its fishing behaviour in areas with fish ponds . this behaviour involves competition with the local fishers . this species is scarce to fairly common throughout the range , and the population appears currently stable . this species is evaluated as least concern .
( 3 ) claws are long and curved with a sharp , lower cutting edge : similarly gives the fish owl a stronger grip on its prey after capture .
feeds mainly on fish , frogs , crustaceans , reptiles ( lizards ) and insects .
fishing grey - headed fish - eagle caught by david awcock at the swan lake .
background information and conservation plan for the western burrowing owl . good bibliography attached .
the buffy fish owl can be found in secondary forests , forest edges , mangrove forests , and rubber plantations . during the day , it usually roosts in a tall tree and emerges at about dusk to hunt . it regularly bathe to keep its feathers in optimum conditions .
the nocturnal fauna of singapore has long held the fascination of many nature - enthusiasts . from the inquisitive stare of the buffy fish owl to the wide - eyed sunda scops owl , nocturnal birds have been seen throughout the island , and garnered the attention of many . several of us have seen owls on pulau ubin before , but how many are there exactly ? and where ?
some authorities place it within the genus ketupa , its original designation . debate still occurs as to whether it is a fishing owl or an eagle owl of the genus bubo .
in buffy fish owl the ear tufts are prominent and hang to the sides of the head , giving a scraggly look . the facial disc does not have well defined margin . the forehead is whitish . the feather lack the comb and hair - like fringes to the primaries and their wing beats make sounds .
40–48 cm ; 1028–2100 g . smallest fish - owl . facial disc pale buff , with white eyebrows ; upperparts buff , streaked with dark brown , feathers edged with pale rufous ; . . .
the buffy fish - owl is the smallest of the four fish - owls . the adult has buff upperparts with dark brown streaks and pale rufous edges to feathers . the scapulars are paler , mostly whitish to pale buff . on the wings , the flight feathers are barred buff and dark brown , with a few whitish bars . the rectrices are dark brown with pale tips and a few buffish - white bars .
buffy fish - owls mainly take fish and crustaceans ; other small game up to the size of rats are sometimes taken when the opportunity arises . the owls hunt from perches alongside streams and other bodies of water , swooping down to snatch prey at the surface . it has also been observed that they eat carrion as well .
habitat : the buffy fish - owl frequents the broadleaved evergreen forests near water , or bordering streams , rivers or lakes . it also occurs in mangroves , plantations , wooded gardens near wetlands . this species is mainly found in lowlands , but it can be seen from 1100 to 1600 metres of elevation in sumatra .
[ 20 ] “buffy at pasir ris” by ria tan . wild shores of singapore , 20 april 2013 . url :
“sometime ago i was sent a youtube link on an owl that is capable of . . .
the buffy fish - owl forages mainly at night , but it often starts in late afternoon . it hunts from perch at water edge . once a prey is detected , it swoops down to catch the prey from the water surface . another technique consists in walking slowly in shallow water to catch crabs , insects and amphibians .
this owl eats large insects , crabs , fish , frogs , small birds , and mammals like rats . after eating it will cast a pellet consisting of the undigestable parts like feathers , bones , etc .
this paper summarizes existing information on the burrowing owl in arizona and provides baseline information for future studies .
habitat management series for unique or endangered species : burrowing owl pdf , 1 . 6mb aug 22 14
the buffy fish owl enjoys an extremely large area of distribution in south - east asian countries ie brunei , cambodia , cocos ( keeling ) islands , india , bangladesh , indonesia , laos , malaysia , myanmar , singapore , thailand and vietnam . it is quite a rarity in india though with just a few records from the sundarbans mangroves .
distribution : buffy fish owls are found in south burma , south and east to trung phan , peninsular thailand and malay peninsula , riau archipelago , sumatra with neighbouring islands on the west side , mangka , belitung , java , bali and borneo .
the breeding season of these buffy owl species in india is from december to may , with a peak period from january to april . the breeding season in malaysia is from july to april with a peak period from september to january .
the next reptile that one of our guides spotted was the buffy fish owl ( ketupa ketupu ) . hang on a minute , that’s a bird not a reptile ! well , a cool science fact to blow your friend’s mind : birds are actually classified under reptiles . part 2 of rad reptiles will be explaining why so keep your eyes peeled for it !
on 18th march 2012 , we were on a boat riding into the salty waters of sundarbans . the breeze was just warming us up for the long day ahead , when mridul kanti kar , a young fellow birder with an amazing ability to spot birds , shouted out ‘owl ! owl ! ’ . we were near the famous sajnekhali watch tower . we were clicking pictures furiously , not realizing the rarity we were looking at . though initially mistaken for the common brown fish owl , something about it denied that fact . only after blowing up the photos up on my screen later did i notice the white forehead and absence of horizontal cross - bars on its underparts , and realized it resembled the buffy fish owl . and it did turn out to be a rarity , and the photo of this buffy , is the second photo - record from sundarbans , rather india , the first one being by mr . nikhil bhopale in jan 2010 .
fine art illustration of a buffy fish owl . the print is hand - signed by the artist and is guaranteed to arrive in perfect condition . the reproduction of this original pen and ink drawing is done on high quality acid - free archival paper . call 1 800 - 913 - 7906 for more information or to order by phone . click here for shipping info .
consisting 4 species in total , based on their distribution and their specialised adaptations to hunting of fish and other aquatic organisms .
in total , 16 individual birds were seen or heard . the most numerous were the large - tailed nightjar and sunda scops owl , of which 6 individuals of each species were encountered throughout the survey . the buffy fish owl and black - crowned night heron were encountered once each , while the savanna nightjar was encountered twice . to our delight , greater mousedeer were seen by all three groups and one group even saw a herd of wild boar with 3 adults and 13 piglets !
) is a fairly large owl , measuring 35 to 50 cm in length and weighing 1000 to 2100 grams .
jeffrey l . lincer and peter h . bloom proceedings of the california burrowing owl symposium , 90 - 102 2007
the original drawing of a buffy fish owl was completed on 3 . 2 . 2015 . some months ago i had put together a collage of the owls of north america . and i realized that i wanted to broaden that to a collage of owls of the world . so i started researching some of the more notable species of owl native to the other continents . i plan to do another few species within the next few weeks . the drawing is based on a photo by eddy lee and was used with his permission . .
buffy fish owls do not build their own nests , but rather use the abandoned nests of other birds or a tree cavity . the female lays one egg , which hatches approximately one month later . when the owlet is about 45 days old , its flight feathers begin to grow in .
the overall plumage of these owls is buffy ( yellow - brown ) . there is considerable variegating with pale buffy color . the feathers are edged pale brown . the wings and tail are broadly barred pale and dark brown . the underparts are yellow - brown or tawny . there are dark vertical striations .
these buffy owl species do not build nests . they nest on top of bird ' s - nest fern , in tree fork covered with ferns and moss , on orchid beds , in tree holes , on rocky sites and even in abandoned nests of other species of birds .
sometime in march 2016 , a pair of buffy fish - owls ( ketupa ketupu ) ( above ) nested in a bird’s nest fern ( asplenium nidus ) at the sungei buloh wetland reserve . harry geno - oehlers started documenting the nesting and the images below show the development of the chick inside the nest .
buffy fish - owls are found in densely - forested areas of southeast asia , mainly with access to streams and rivers ; coastal mangrove areas are also inhabited . their range includes far - eastern india , bangladesh , burma , malaysia , cambodia , laos , vietnam , thailand , and the larger islands of indonesia .
i had my camera ( thankfully ! ) with me , and managed to squeeze off a few shots before night fell . we also were able to take a few recordings of the owls vocalising and will eventually upload onto xeno - canto . this brief encounter with these buffy fish owls while unexpected was most exhilarating !
food habits of a population of the burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia ) at the idaho national engineering laboratory , butte county , were studied .
burrowing owl habitat management plan - evaluation of impacts to burrowing owls for the nasa ames development plan pdf , 3 . 7mb jun 28 12
) does not approach the thresholds for being vulnerable , either under the range size criterion , or under the population trend criterion or under the population size criterion . the habitat destruction , persecution from aquaculture farmers and trapping for pet trade are the main threats that may endanger the survival of these buffy owl species .
interesting resident records include a lesser whistling duck , dendrocygna javanica at the japanese gardens , reported by laurence eu , buffy fish owls , ketupa ketupu , one at the singapore botanic gardens on 8 th ( richard white ) and another at bidadari on 15 th ( er bong siong ) . all are new for the location .
the fish owls of ketupa bears close physical similarity to the genus bubo ( eagle owls ) in terms of having similar prominent ear tufts , colour , size and and heavy build . however , they differ from bubo in three main aspects in relation to their specialization of their diet on fish ( adaptations for hunting )
in early march this year , staff of sbwr noticed a fur ball through a gap in a bird nest fern on a rain tree . it turned out to be an owl chick . it was the same with the buffy fish owls i seen in perak , malaysia . they were also using bird nest ferns as nests , which makes it hard to spot looking from below . unlike other nesting birds , the parents do not feed them during the day and avoid undue attention .
it is the most common large owl in open country habitats and rural settlements . found in mangroves , freshwater swamps , plantations and wooded gardens .
owl home ranges varied in size within ( but not between ) years , and not in conjunction with any of the biological factors we measured .
a moderately - large owl , buffy fish - owls are brown throughout ; dark brown above , lighter rufus - brown below . primaries and secondaries are banded with white , with some spotting on the leading edge of the wings . dark shaft - streaking is present on the chest , but less - so on the belly . the ear tufts are large , and splayed outward to the side . in keeping with its fishing habits , the yellow - gray tarsi and feet are unfeathered .
in the 1980s and 90s , the buffy fish owls , ketupa ketupa , were found at only a few locations in singapore , like pulau ubin , sungei buloh and central catchment forest . our only record that indicate breeding was the sighting of two immatures at the lower peirce reservoir in 1994 & 2010 and macritchie reservoir in october 2011 . . in recent years , they have spread out to sentosa , pasir ris park , punggol and the singapore botanic gardens . it augurs well for this owl .
mostly fish ; also frogs , crustaceans , reptiles , large aquatic insects , small mammals ( rats , mice ) and birds ; once a tortoise ; also carrion . . .
( 2 ) underside of toes covered in numerous sharp edged and spiky scales : enables them to have a good grip on the slippery and wet fish and other aquatic prey .
the natural ecosystems of these owl species include tropical and subtropical moist lowland forests , permanent freshwater lakes , seasonal lakes and waterbodies , rivers , streams and creeks .
we monitored burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia ) populations and prairie dog densities in 17 black - tailed prairie dog colonies in the nebraska panhandle between 1990 and 1996 .
burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia ) populations in san diego county appear to have decreased through the early 1900s in conjunction with human population growth and concomitant habitat loss .
the resident grey - headed fish - eagles , ichthyophaga ichthyaetus , were keeping the photographers busy with their daily fishing antics at the singapore botanic garden’s swan lake . they were first videoed by jeremiah loei on 10th . a pair of buffy fish owls ketupa ketupu , were roosting at the rain forest section of the gardens ( zacc hd 13th ) . they were first spotted at the gardens by richard white last month on 8th may . we think that they may have been flushed out from the tyersall side due to the construction of the new extension to the gardens .
a case of leucism in the burrowing owl athene cunicularia ( aves : strigiformes ) with confirmation of species identity using cytogenic analysis pdf , 2 . 7mb aug 22 14
the low temporal variability of the dominant prey species provided evidence that simple prey relationship models were not likely to ex - plain the highly synchronous and temporally dynamic patterns of spotted owl reproductive performance . reproductive success was likely a result of the interaction of both weather and prey and the life history strategy of this long - lived owl .
we quantified the use of black - tailed prairie dog ( cynomys ludovicianus ) colonies as habitat for the burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia ) in southwestern kansas and southeastern colorado .
rests in a tree during the day until dusk when it leaves in search of food . they feed on fish , frogs and crustaceans near streams , as well as bats and small birds .
we predicted that owl - occupied prairie dog towns would be in less fragmented landscapes that contain more prairie then owl - unoccupied prairie dog towns . to test this prediction , we used a geographic information system and spatial analysis metrics to examine the landscape within 1000 and 2500 m radius circles surrounding prairie dog towns in the shortgrass prairie in northeastern colorado .
modelling effects of chemical exposure on birds wintering in agricultural landscapes : the western burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia hypugaea ) as a case study pdf , 1 . 7mb jul 22 14
reproduction of this species : the breeding season varies according to the range . the laying occurs mainly between february and april , but in w java , the eggs are led from may to july , and in april and september to january in malay peninsula . the buffy fish - owl nests in large hollow in tree , in tree - fork or among the bird ' s nest ferns ( asplenium nidus ) between 3 and 18 metres above the ground . it may use an abandoned raptor’s nest too , and uses occasionally a cave in rocky area . they do not build their own nest .
the soft fringes found long the rear edge of the wing feathers in other owl species , that enables silent flight in owls during hunting are also lost in the fish owls . presumably , this could be due to their prey being not so able to pick up airborne sounds , hence little need to conceal its presence as it swoops in to capture its prey . [ 10 ]
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the buffy fish - owl gives loud , rattling “kutook , kutook , kutook , kutook , kuttok…” and these sounds might be the song of the male . other sounds can be heard such as a musical “to - whee to - whee” , a long , monotonous “bup - bup - bup - bup - bup…” , also high “hie - ee - eek - keek” notes , hisses , mews and shrieks . the female’s voice is slightly high - pitched than that of the male . they become noisy before breeding , and the pairs often duet during several minutes .
we document a female burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia ) that nested in arizona and dispersed 1 , 860 km to saskatchewan , where she successfully raised seven young during the same breeding season .
most previous research has focused on burrowing owl breeding biology , and little is known about its winter ecology . we determined characteristics of roost sites used by western burrowing owls in southern texas during winter .
( 1 ) lack of feathers on tarsi : feathered legs would have been drenched and waterlogged with frequent plunging into the water for prey capture , thus the lack of feathers would optimize the capture of prey in fish owls .
the name ketupu as in its latin bionomial name , could have been derived from its old javanese name , kutupu - kutupuk , which was also based on the owl ' s calls . [ 1 ]
[ 23 ] shepherd , c . r . ( 2012 ) . the owl trade in jakarta , indonesia : a spot check on the largest bird markets . birding asia ( 58 - 59 ) ’
monitoring at obo sites has indicated the saskatchewan burrowing owl population has declined 92 % from 1988–2009 ( obo database ) . habitat is improved by enlarging pastures to increase grassland patch size and reduce habitat fragmentation .
holt , d . w . , berkley , r . , deppe , c . , enríquez rocha , p . , petersen , j . l . , rangel salazar , j . l . , segars , k . p . , wood , k . l . & marks , j . s . ( 2018 ) . buffy fish - owl ( ketupa ketupu ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
there is probably a much wider diversity and greater number of nocturnal birds on ubin , based on historical sightings as well as the fact that there are many parts of ubin our routes did not cover . for example , all species of owl known in singapore are recorded on ubin except for the short - eared owl . we hope to continue to conduct more nocturnal census and hopefully uncover more nocturnal birds on ubin .
fish - owls , or fishing owls , are generally considered to be in two genera ketupu and scotopelia . the genus ketupa only consist of 4 species distributed over most of asia , in contrast to the scotopelia consisting of 3 species found in africa . [ 10 ] scotopelia ( african fish owls ) are also large and powerful . however , scotopelia lack ear tufts , loose feathering on their heads which gives them a characteristic shaggy , maned look . [ 10 ]
pei shuan and i had just left the office and were making our way to the evolution garden when two large - sized birds abruptly landed in the tree above us while calling . we thought it might be the red jungle fowls , but turning the corner , the birds revealed themselves to be buffy fish owls . both continued to vocalise , one more so frequently than the other , uttering a relatively soft “yiiii” ( like a squeaky chair , for lack of a better description ) each time . the other owl answered sporadically with a louder and harsher “yiooorhhh” . i am guessing that the former is a subadult ; the plumage differences seem rather minute , however . both kept close to each other .
a burrowing owl ( athene cuniciilaria ) population nesting on the idaho national engineering laboratory ( inel ) in southeastern idaho utilized burrows excavated by badgers ( taxidea taxiis ) or natural cavities in lava flows as nesting sites .
david s . klute , loren w . ayers , michael t . green william h . howe stephanie l . jones jill a . shaffer steven r . sheffield6 , tara s . zimmerman us fish & wildlife service , biological technical publication 2003
the northern pygmy mouse ( baiomys taylori ) , fulvous harvest mouse ( reithrodontomys fulvescens ) , and merriam’s pocket mouse ( perognathus merriami ) are new to the diet of the western burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia hypugaea ) .
determining differences in the owl’s ecology between rural and urban / suburban areas can aid in creating effective statewide management strategies for this species . we compared the available prey and diet of burrowing owls in a rural and urban environment .
the large dispersal distances we observed within the breeding season were greater than previously published estimates of between - year breeding dispersal based on mark - recapture methods and provide insight into the lack of genetic differentiation observed among burrowing owl populations .
i estimated survival rates of a florida burrowing owl ( athene cunicularia floridana ) population on a 35 . 9 - km study area in lee county , florida , 1987 - 91 to determine if there was a relationship between annual survival and development density
our results suggest that the burrowing owl were mainly nocturnal hunters and evidenced a generalist diet , consuming a wide spectrum of prey items , including invertebrates ( insects and chelicerates ) , and several types of vertebrates ( mammals , birds and lizards ) .
with the number of serious birders and photographers going up in india , newer records like this owl are being added regularly . birders and photographers now act as citizen scientists constantly adding to the scientific knowledge of birds , their behavior and their distributional range .
owl species , that enables silent flight in owls during hunting . presumably , this could be due to their prey being not so able to pick up airborne sounds , hence little need to conceal its presence as it swoops in to capture its prey .
these owl species hunt from the bank of streams , lakes and aquaculture ponds , swooping down on the prey near the water surface . they do not get their feathers wet . they also wade in shallow waters in streams , brooks and ponds to hunt .
to determine the breeding dispersal patterns underlying this distributional change , we developed 11 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the species . we tested these loci in two burrowing owl breeding populations , one from central sinaloa , mexico , and one from the central valley of california , usa .
the only threat is man , and it has been persecuted in some areas under the belief that it competes for fish . according to iucn , the birds have a stable population ; its large range and habit of seeking dense forest in which to roost are factors which list the species as least concern . [ 2 ]
) has not been quantified . the overall population trend of these owl species is considered to be stable . throughout its range it is reported to be uncommon to common . the generation length is 5 . 7 years . their distribution size is about 7 , 450 , 000 sq . km .
to design and implement effective recovery efforts , we need a better understanding of how distribution and demographic traits are influenced by habitat quality . to this end , we measured spatial patterns of burrowing owl breeding habitat selection within black - tailed prairie dog ( cynomys ludovicianus ) colonies in northeastern wyoming , usa .
i used closed - population capture - recapture models to evaluate 4 factors that could affect the probability of a surveyor detecting an owl activity center ( i . e . , nest burrow ) during visual surveys where owls are the focal object and analyzed the relationship ( linear or curvilinear ) between specific factors and detection probability .
breeding : eggs are found mainly in february to april , but less commonly in may to july ( west java ) or in april and september to january ( malay peninsula ) . often nests on tip of bird ' s - nest ferns , or in the fork of a thick bough covered by ferns , moss and orchids . buffy fish owls will also nest in tree hollows or other raptors nests , and sometimes may resort to caves in rocky sites . usually one , but sometimes two eggs are laid , which are broadly oval and dull white , averaging 47 . 3 - 49 x 42 . 5 - 43 . 3 mm . incubation of the eggs lasts 28 - 29 days . generally only one chick survives and will fledge after six weeks .
we designed a field experiment to compare burrowing owl flight distances , times displaced , and probabilities of being displaced between 4 potential population survey methods ( single walking surveyor , single vehicle stop , single vehicle stop with 2 surveyors , and double vehicle stop with 2 surveyors ) , and an experimental control in the agricultural matrix of imperial valley , california .
all turbines in the apwra could be shut down and blades locked during winter , when 35 % of the burrowing owls were killed but only 14 % of the annual electricity was generated . terminating rodent control and installing flight diverters at the ends of turbine rows might also reduce burrowing owl mortality , as might replacing turbines with new - generation turbines mounted on taller towers .
owls are nocturnal predators , active during the night and roosting in the day , in contrast to the diurnal birds of prey . fish owls emerge from their roosts in late afternoon on occasion , and thus they are sometimes regarded as semi - diurnal . however , they rarely hunt during those occasions , rather , they would only hunt after dusk , as with all other species that are considered thoroughly nocturnal . [ 10 ] frequently seen flying low at dusk . [ 11 ]
they often descend to the ground , and perch at the water’s edge or from a tree on a wooded bank . they would watch and wait for their prey to swim within striking distance , then swoop in and snatch their prey from the water’s surface with their claws , unlike the bodily plunging into the water body as in the manner of an osprey . they might also wade in shallow streams , often incidentally during bathing , occasionally they would snatch crabs , frogs , fish , aquatic insects from the water . [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]
adult plumage is mottled brown and white and birds have lemon yellow eyes . adults stand approximately 7 . 5 - 10 inches ( 19 - 25 cm ) tall and weigh approximately 5 ounces ( 150 grams ) . they have long , nearly unfeathered legs . burrowing owls are strong flyers , but also are well adapted life on the ground . adults are not dimorphic , but in the summer males can be distinguished from females based on behavior and lighter plumage color . since males typically spend significant time in the sun , while female spend more time underground , males are often paler than females . the buffy breasts of young in juvenile plumage are one way to distinguish them from adults .
the asian fish - owls of the genus ketupa comprises of three species , all occurring within indian limits . they are large and powerful birds , with the tarsus partly or wholly naked and granular , much like that of the osprey , and the soles of the feet covered with prickly scales . the claws are large , well curved , each with a sharp cutting - edge beneath , and the middle claw with a sharp keel on the inside also . aigrettes are present , long and pointed . the bill is large and strong . the facial disk is ill - marked , especially above . the wings are rounded , and do not reach the end of the tail , 4th quill generally the longest , 3rd and 5th subequal ; tail moderate .
while this was happening , ruici who was at botany centre observing the brown - chested jungle flycatcher immediately rushed over and joined me about 5 minutes after pei shuan left . at this time , the owls had become more active , flying across the path to another tree and calling more frequently . the pair thereafter flew across the carpark , to the trees directly in front of the hq , where we observed was a third owl . soon after , two of the owls flew across the carpark one after the other back to the evolution garden . one of them was carrying a small branch / large twig from the araucaria tree it had been perching in . the two owls in the evolution garden started to vocalise , seemingly coaxing the third individual ( subadult ? ) to join them .
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christidis , l . and boles , w . e . 2008 . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon to common ( del hoyo et al . 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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description : upperparts are rich brown , while the feathers of the back and mantle are blackish - brown , broadly margined with buff and with pale rufous or whitish spots near the tips . the head and neck are the same as the upperparts but the feather tips don ' t have the spots . the forehead and eyebrows are white , and the distinctive ear - tufts are sideward directed and very tousled . eyes are yellow , with the eyelids rimmed black . the bill is black or greyish - black . outer webs of scapulars are fulvous , but not forming a pale row across the shoulder . wing coverts are the same as the back , but with much larger pale spots . primaries and secondaries are dark brown , banded with whitish or fulvous . the tail feathers are dark brown with whitish tips and 3 or 4 buffish - white bars . underparts are rufous - buff or fulvous with narrow dark brown shaft - streaks , these becoming narrower and sparser on the belly and undertail - coverts . flanks and thighs are unstreaked . tarsi are relatively long and bare and are coloured yellowish - grey along with the toes . claws are dark horn .
size : length 40 - 48cm . wing length 295 - 390mm . tail length 160 - 181mm . weight 1028 - 2100g . females are larger than males .
voice : a rattling kutook , kutook , kutook , kutook , kutook , kutook . . . is thought to be the song of the male . they are particularly noisy before breeding , and pairs participate in duetting which may continue for many minutes . the female has a slightly higher voice . other vocalisations include a musical to - whee to - whee , a ringing pof - pof - pof . . . high hie - ee - ee - eek - keek notes and hissing sounds as well as .
habitat : common in forested areas near water , often close to human habitations . also found in mangrove forest and other coastal areas with woods and bushes . found from sea level to 1600m .
original description : horsfield , thomas 1821 . transactions of the linnean society of london ( trans . linn . soc . london ) ( 1 ) 13 : p . 141 .
boyer and hume . 1991 .
owls of the world
. booksales inc .
del hoyo , elliott & sargatal . 1999 .
handbook of the birds of the world : barn owls to hummingbirds
. buteo books .
könig , claus & weick , friedhelm . 2008 .
owls : a guide to the owls of the world ( second edition )
. yale university press .
mikkola , heimo . 2013 .
owls of the world : a photographic guide ( second edition )
. bloomsbury .
voous , karel h . . 1988 .
owls of the northern hemisphere
. the mit press .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
probably closest to k . flavipes , the two replacing each other geographically . see also k . zeylonensis . when species placed in genus bubo , subspecies name minor becomes unavailable , and replacement name buettikoferi then used . race aagaardi intergrades with nominate ketupu , and pageli is possibly only a colour variant ; both are sometimes included within nominate . four subspecies recognized .
( horsfield , 1821 ) – malay peninsula , riau archipelago , sumatra , bangka , belitung , java , bali , and borneo ( except nw ) .
loud “kootookookootook . . . ” , ringing “pof pof pof” , and musical “to - . . .
forest bordering streams , rivers , and lakes ; also disturbed forest , trees beside rice fields and . . .
lays dec–may , mainly jan–apr ; jul–apr in malay peninsula . nest in cavity of large tree , or in tree fork , or in old raptor . . .
resident . vagrant found on cocos ( keeling ) is , indian ocean , some 1050 km outside normal range .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . cites ii . status poorly known ; uncommon in thailand ; locally uncommon to more or less common in malay peninsula and se asia ; common . . .
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sometimes subsumed within bubo , or treated as a subgenus ; separated on basis of slight differences in skull morphology . molecular evidence suggests that ketupa forms a robust clade within bubo and therefore merits subgeneric ranking # r .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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mkennewell , pieter de groot boersma , josep del hoyo , john gregory , keith blomerley , greg baker , barry attridge , rob hutchinson , paul clarke .
virgosg , kaustav banerjee , veronika patrovska vernerova , jainymaria , josep del hoyo , alex berryman , biplab kr . mukhopadhyay , michael schmitz , elias neideck , jacqueserard , william ip , bird . soong , p . supat , lee harding , shoummo71 , ken havard , dave irving , james eaton , henrik bringsøe , rusli .
a month later , a fully fledged chick looking inquisitive . 25 april 2016 . photo : terence tan .
despite the attention of visitors to the wetland reserve , the parent birds don’t seem to feel threatened during the nesting . they just perched in the mid canopy nearby , keeping a watchful eye on the young . the chick was mostly exposed to the elements during the day staying awake most of the time .
on the 25th april , about seven weeks after being discovered , the chick was seen out of its nest , perched in the open on a branch of a nearby tree . it must have made the short flight across from the nest . it stayed at the same position for most of the day without trying to go near the parent birds perched below .


cuspivolva tigris , known commonly as the tiger egg cowry , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ovulidae , the ovulids , cowry allies or false cowries .

cuspivolva tigris

[ cuspivolva tigris , syn . : c . renovata , crenavolva tigris , ovulum dentatum , primovula tigris ]
what type of species is cuspivolva tigris ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the cuspivolva tigris species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of cuspivolva tigris species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species cuspivolva tigris .
how to identify cuspivolva tigris marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species cuspivolva tigris . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species cuspivolva tigris are marked in green .
cuspivolva tigris orange - ovulidae - philippines sea shell - 9 . 6mm - lot 5
where is cuspivolva tigris found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species cuspivolva tigris can be found .
tiger egg cowrie ( cuspivolva tigris ) is . . . - nomad divers , bangka | facebook
cuspivolva tigris orange - ovulidae - philippines sea shell - 9 . 6mm - lot 5 on ebid australia | 126313157
cuspivolva renovata iredale , t . , 1930 : c indo - w pacific ( nomen novum , nomen dubium )
( of primovula tigris yamamoto , 1971 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of crenavolva tigris ( yamamoto , 1971 ) ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of primovula tigris yamamoto , 1971 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of crenavolva tigris ( yamamoto , 1971 ) ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
my favourite cowrie is the wonderful tiger egg cowrie . it’s taken me 4 years in indonesian to finally find one . another great find in ambon .
like all the cowries , the amazing patterns and colours are not actually on their shells . the colours and patterns you see come from the cowrie’s mantle shirt , which is the top of the cowrie’s foot . it extends out and up to completely cover the shell . this is why it is so important not to collect these creatures , especially if you think it would look so lovely on your desk… . not only should we not be taking anything from the ocean , but in this case you would be left with a white shell .
you can see the tiger cowrie is feeding on particles collecting on the sponge it is on . the tube - like mouth is called the proboscis and is fascinating to watch as it seems to be gulping down its meal .
they are about 1 . 5cm ( 5 / 8” ) long and are very rare .
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
ovulum dentatum sowerby , g . b . ii in adams , a . & l . a . reeve , 1848 : singapore - taiwan ( preoccupied )
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( g . b . sowerby ii in a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
delonovolva formosa ( g . b . sowerby ii in a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
ovulum formosum g . b . sowerby ii in a . adams & reeve , 1848
primovula ( delonovula ) formosa ( g . b . sowerby ii in a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
the living ovulidae : a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae .
in : okutani , t . ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan . tokai university press , tokyo , 211 - 223 ( in japanese ) .
accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2014 - 10 - 03 .
a new species of primovula from japan , parasitic to a gorgonid ( gastropoda : ovulidae ) .
publications of the seto marine biological laboratory , 19 ( 4 ) , 191 - 195 .
occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )
uncommon to rare in the solitary islands marine park ( simp ) . recorded at south solitary island and korff ' s islet , just outside the simp . recorded from japan , indonesia and australia .
found from depths of 18 - 70m , this ovulid feeds only on the gorgonian coral euplexaura sp .
the mantle of this ovulid is a delicate orange with black stripes bordered with white . the foot is orange with black spots . the siphon is orange and the tentacles are orange tipped with black and white . the shell is uniformly yellowish orange and grows to 15mm .
all information was correct at the time of publication and is subject to change without notice . copyright 2014 , solitary islands underwater research group inc . ( abn : 38 104 639 980 ) - all rights reserved .
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i sold 4 more of my pin badges tonight , so over 100 sales now . the same newbie who purchase 4 of the 4th february has come back for 4 more . i ' ll have to get busy and list some more soon .
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the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae .
c . n . cate & azuma in c . n . cate , 1973
updated on 9 july 2018 with 703 different species : 404 gastropods , 34 worms , 34 cephalopods , 42 frogfishes and scorpionfishes , 50 pipefishes and seahorses , 139 crustaceans . database updated on a daily basis as a result of encounter logbook compiled by guests and guides .
note : si incontrano esemplari marrone chiaro con bordo dei parapodia marrone / grigio ed esemplari marrone scuro col bordo dei parapodia bluastro .
note : notare il peduncolo arancione sul fianco , parziale estrazione del membro riproduttivo .
note : si differenzia da c . strigata per la presenza di arancione fra le righe longitudinali nere e inoltre bordo del mantello , rinofori e ciuffo branchiale sono più scuri .
note : già glossodoris , è simile a d . sibogae da cui si differenzia per colletto dei rinofori bianco e per tonalità bianco / nero piuttosto che giallo / nero .
note : già glossodoris , è simile a d . atromarginata da cui si differenzia per colletto dei rinofori nero e per tonalità giallo / nero piuttosto che bianco / nero .
note : avvistati fra le uova deposte da altri nudibranchi , spesso fra quelle rosse deposte da hexabranchus sanguineus .
note : stadio adulto , con colore del corpo a predominante marrone e punte dei cerata arancioni .
note : stadio semi - adulto , il corpo è ancora poco marrone e le estremità dei cerata non sono ancora arancioni .
note : stadio giovanile , l ' animale è quasi solamente bianco / azzurro .
note : inusualmente si incontrano esemplari dalle tinta scolorite che possono raggiungere anche gli 80 mm .
note : nel ciuffo branchiale sovente si intravvedono un paio di sacche ovigere deposte da un parassita ( colore arancione ) .
note : nel ciuffo branchiale sovente si intravvedono un paio di sacche ovigere deposte da un parassita ( colore arancio ) .
note : si ciba di altri nudibranchi , anche di pari o maggiori dimensioni come hypselodoris apolegma , aggredendo ciuffo branchiale o rinofori .
note : da non confondere con h . malesso , in cui le righe arancioni sono più rade ed evidenti , oltre ad essere longitudinali ai cerata .
note : simile a h . batangas ( notare le differenze nello spessore e disposizione delle righe arancioni che caratterizzano il corpo ) .
note : simile a h . bullockii , la differenza più evidente è nel bianco bordo del mantello , per h . bullockii sottile e netto , per h . apolegma sfuma .
note : se ne incontrano due varianti di colore , talvolta anche in accoppiamento , una blu - viola e l ' altra bianco - avorio .
note : molto simile ad alcuni esemplari di h . kanga , questo ha una sola riga rossa per ciascun rametto del ciuffo branchiale ( h . kanga ne ha due ) .
note : alcuni esemplari sono molto simili a h . infucata , ma questo ha due righe rosse per ciascun rametto del ciuffo branchiale ( h . infucata ne ha due ) .
note : se ne contano diverse varianti , sia come colori che come disegni del corpo .
note : molto simile a h . maculosa , ma è considerata specie a sè .
note : molto simile a h . marittima , ma è considerata specie a sè .
note : simile a h . apolegma e a h . bullockii , ma è considerata specie a sè . notare il bordo del mantello , largo e non sfumato .
note : molto simile a hypselodoris sp . 20 , il ciuffo branchiale ha diverso colore .
note : molto simile a hypselodoris sp . 19 , il ciuffo branchiale ha diverso colore .
note : nel ciuffo branchiale sovente si intravvedono un paio di sacche ovigere deposte da un parassita ( colore viola ) .
note : può avere rinofori e ciuffo branchiale da blu a viola ed avere o meno le macchie arancioni lungo il bordo del mantello .
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