agriades pyrenaicus , the gavarnie blue , is a palearctic butterfly of the lycaenidae family .

it is found in the asturias mountains of north-western spain , the pyrenees , the southern balkan peninsula , turkey , the caucasus and armenia .

the habitat consists of alpine grassy rocky meadows where it is found at altitudes ranging from 1,500 to 2,200 meters .

the wingspan is 22 – 28 mm .

the larvae feed on androsace species .

agriades pyrenaicus

agriades pyrenaicus ergane ; [ bru2 ] , 185 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
agriades pyrenaicus kudrnai koçak , 1980 ; nota lepid . 2 ( 4 ) : 142 ( repl . lycaena orbitulus rebeli tuleschkov , 1932 )
comparative notes on certain west - palearctic species of agriades , with description of a new subspecies of a . pyrenaicus from turkey ( lycaenidae )
agriades pyrenaicus erzurumensis eckweiler & hesselbarth , 1978 ; nachrbl . bayer . ent . 27 ( 4 ) : 65 ; tl : turkey , erzurum
habitat : polyommatus pyrenaicus mostly inhabits rocky nutrient - poor meadows and pastures on shallow ground in the mountains .
agriades pyrenaicus ( boisduval , 1840 ) from n . greece and notes on apatura metis ( freyer [ 1829 ] ) from n . e . greece ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae , nymphalidae )
agriades pyrenaicus ; [ h & r ; ] , 290 ; [ bow ] : pl . 9 , f . 1 ; [ bru2 ] , 185 ; talavera , lukhtanov , pierce & vila , 2013 , cladistics 29 : 187
remarks : polyommatus pyrenaicus occurs in nw - spain and the pyrenees . it also occurs in the ukraine and parts of s - russia . a very closely related taxon ( p . dardanus ) occurs locally in the balkans and more widespread in asia minor . this taxon is most probably only a subspecies of polyommatus pyrenaicus .
agriades glandon wosnesenskii ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
agriades pheretiades lara ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades pheretiades sveta ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades orbitulus pheretes ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades orbitulus pheretimus ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades orbitulus sajana ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
extremely local in the southern balkans . discussion about the status of this taxon as a full species or a subspecies of the gavarnie blue , a . pyrenaicus dardanus , is still not concluded .
= agriades glandon wosnesenskii ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
= agriades glandon diodorus ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
agriades diodorus ; [ bru2 ] : 184 , pl . 74 , f . 46 - 48
plebejus ( agriades ) podarce podarce ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) podarce cilla ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) podarce klamathensis ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon franklinii ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon rusticus ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) gladon megalo ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon bryanti ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon lacustris ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
agriades glandon centrohelvetica rezbanyai - reser , 1981 ; ent . berchte luzern 6 : ( 99 - 100 )
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon punctatus ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon cassiope ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebejus ( agriades ) glandon kelsoni ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
plebjus ( agriades ) glandon labrador ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
albopraemargine ( verity , 1946 ) ( agriades ) ; le farfalle diurn . d ' italia 2 : 224
magnaglandon ( verity , 1947 ) ( agriades ) ; rev . franç . lépid . suppl . : 134
? agriades aquilo ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 44
agriades pheretiades tekessana ; [ nhm card ] ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades pheretiades micra ; [ nhm card ] ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades pheretiades pheretiades ; [ bru2 ] , 185 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades pheretiades pseudomicrus ; [ bru2 ] , 185 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
= plebejus ( agriades ) ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269 ; [ fe ]
agriades pheretiades ishkashimensis charmeux & desse , 2011 ; bull . lép . parisiens 20 ( 48 ) : ( 7 - 13 )
deux nouveaux polyommatini du tadjikistan : turanana laspura panjensis ssp . nova et agriades pheretiades ishkashimensis ssp . nova ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae )
agriades pheretiades pheres ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bru2 ] , 185 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 88
agriades ( group ellisi ) kurtjohnsoni bálint , 1997 ; [ nen40 ] : 47 , 17 ; tl : nepal , jargeng khola , 14 . 000ft
agriades pheretiades ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 74 ; talavera , lukhtanov , pierce & vila , 2013 , cladistics 29 : 187
agriades pheretiades forsteri sakai , 1978 ; atalanta 9 ( 1 ) : 111 , f . 1 - 4 ; tl : afghanistan , paghman mts . , 3300 - 3800m
agriades glandon labrador schmidt , scott & kondla , 2006 ; papilio ( n . s . ) 12 : 269 ; tl : smokey mtn , labrador city , labrador , canada
agriades janigena ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73 ( note ) ; talavera , lukhtanov , pierce & vila , 2013 , cladistics 29 : 187
agriades podarce klamathensis emmel & emmel , 1998 ; syst . w . n . am . butts . ( 20 ) : 291 ; tl : california , humboldt co . , waterdog lake , north trinity mountain
agriades cassiope emmel & emmel , 1998 ; syst . w . n . am . butts . ( 20 ) : 287 ; tl : california , el dorado co . , sierra nevada , lake tahoe region
agriades rusticus punctatus austin , 1998 ; syst . w . n . am . butts . ( 45 ) : 561 ; tl : arizona , apache co . , white mtns , below greens peak , forest rd 117
agriades cassiope kelsoni emmel & emmel , 1998 ; syst . w . n . am . butts . ( 20 ) : 289 ; tl : california , siskiyou co . , trinity alps , se above caribou lake , 7000 - 7100 '
agriades podarce ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 44 ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 8 ; talavera , lukhtanov , pierce & vila , 2013 , cladistics 29 : 187
agriades glandon ; [ baru , # 388 ] ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 9 , f . 1 ( text only ) ; [ h & r ; ] , 286 ; [ nhm card ] ; talavera , lukhtanov , pierce & vila , 2013 , cladistics 29 : 187
my comment yesterday was a general comment , few days before i had read of an
endemic
subspecies of agriades pyrenaicus in russia , lol . it ' s a very widespread species . anyway , now i looked at my books and the situation looks very complicated and i am not really happy about the taxonomic situation on these guys atm . so oxleyi is only found in south island and is having a hard time now since otis / labradus is introduced ? sorry for the confusion here , but some people say zizina labradus otis , and others apparently zizina otis labradus . . . if this competition by the other taxon is happening , it would be crucial to know if they only compete for resources or also do interbreed in a viable , or non viable manner . in the former case it would be good to call them zizina otis oxleyi , in the latter case zizina oxleyi . even without the latter , it might be good to call them zizina oxleyi ( which many people do at the moment ) based on other clear separations . very interesting case , i will look further into it . thank you dunc for sharing .
lycaena podarce c . & r . felder , [ 1865 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 2 ) : 282 , pl . 35 , f . 22 - 23 ; tl : calidornia
= plebejus podarce podarce ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 270
lycaena cilla behr , 1867 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . 3 ( 4 ) : 281 ; tl : california
larva on androsace , soldanella [ h & r ; ] , saxifraga bronchialis , s . spinulosa , s . oppositifolia , androsace bungeana , a . septentrionalis , astragalus alpinus , diapensia , vaccinium [ baru ]
argus aquilo boisduval , 1832 ; icon . hist . lépid . europe 1 ( 7 - 8 ) : 62 , ( 5 - 6 ) pl . 12 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : north cape
larva on astragalus [ sprk ] , ( n . europe ) astragalus alpinus , ( yakutia , for wosnesenskii ? ) saxifraga bronchialis , s . spinulosa [ bru2 ] , 184
= plebejus glandon franklinii ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
lycaena rustica edwards , 1865 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 4 : 203 ; tl : pikes peak
lycaena orbitulus aquilina staudinger , 1901 ; cat . lep . palaearct . faunengeb . 1 : 81 ; tl : norway
plebeius aquilo megalo mcdunnough , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 161 ; tl : mt mclean , lillooet , b . c .
= plebejus glandon bryanti ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
plebeius aquilo var . lacustris freeman , 1939 ; can . ent . 71 : 180 ; tl : norway house , manitoba
lycaena diodorus bremer , 1861 ; bull . acad . imp . sci . st . petersb . 3 : 471 ; tl : [ lake baikal , russia ]
polyommatus ellisi marshall , 1882 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 51 pt . ii ( 2 - 3 ) : 41 , pl . 4 , f . 4
lycaena dis errans riley , 1927 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 75 : 128 ; tl : tibet , phari , 14000
lycaena janigena riley , 1923 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 ( 3 - 4 ) : 475 , pl . 36 , f . 4 - 5 ; tl : tibet , nyenyam , 13000ft
lycaena morsheadi evans , 1923 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 478 ; tl : tibet , tazeng , 15500ft
lycaena aegagrus christoph , 1873 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 10 ( 1 ) : 24 , f . 3 - 4
600x800 ( ~ 75kb ) underside male an alpine meadow on the right bank terrace of the fourth tributary of the sargir river ( the usek river basin ) , altitude 3200 m , 47 km nen of zharkent , 21 km nen of village sarybel ' , the mountain massif tyshkantau , the southern dzhungarian alatau mountain chain ( ne part of tien shan ) , zharkent district , taldy - kurgan province , se kazakhstan . 27th of july 1994 , photo © oleg kosterin
458x450 ( ~ 50kb ) underside male an alpine meadow on the right bank terrace of the fourth tributary of the sargir river ( the usek river basin ) , altitude 3200 m , 47 km nen of zharkent , 21 km nen of village sarybel ' , the mountain massif tyshkantau , the southern dzhungarian alatau mountain chain ( ne part of tien shan ) , zharkent district , taldy - kurgan province , se kazakhstan . 27th of july 1994 , photo © oleg kosterin
ghissar , darvaz , alai , w . tian - shan , n . tian - shan
lycaena pheretiades var . tekessana alphéraky , 1897 ; in romanoff , mém . lép . 9 : 234 ; tl :
fleuve tékesse , dans le thian - chan
lycaena pheretiades var . micra avinoff , 1910 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 39 : 244 , pl . 14 , f . 19
lycaena andarabi forster , 1937 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 27 ( 2 ) : 61
lycaena orbitulus walli evans , 1912 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 21 ( 2 ) : 558 , ( 3 ) : 983 ; tl : chitral , kashmir
polyommatus pheretiades ( pheretiades ) pseudomicrus tshikolovets , 1997 ; the butterflies of pamir : 156 , pl . 34 - 35 , f . 21 - 25
pheretiades lara churkin & zhdanko , 2001 ; tethys ent . res . 3 : 152 ; tl : kyrghyzstan , west tien - shan , chatkal mts , chapchama pass
pheretiades sveta churkin & zhdanko , 2001 ; tethys ent . res . 3 : 152 ; tl : n . tien - shan , zailyisky alatau , kaskelen r . , 3300 - 3500m
lycaena orbitulus pyrenaica boisduval , 1840 ; genera index eur . lepid . : 11 ; tl : pyrenees
c . asia ( mountains ) , c . himalayas . see [ maps ]
lycaena dis grum - grshimailo , 1891 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 25 ( 3 - 4 ) : 453 ; tl : amdo
lycaena luana evans , 1915 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 3 ) : 544 ; tl : s . e . tibet , lu , 15000ft
xinjiangia kumukuleensis huang & murayama , 1988 ; nature & insects 23 ( 12 ) : 28 ; tl : altun mts . ( e kunlun )
lycaena pheretes arcaseia fruhstorfer , 1916 ; ent . rundschau 33 ( 4 ) : 18 ; tl : kambajong , tibet
lycaena pheretes asiatica elwes , 1882 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1882 ( 4 ) : 402 ; tl : chumbi , high alpine sikkim
polyommatus lehanus moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 230 ; tl : ladak , leh ( 11538ft )
lycaena pheretes pharis fawcett , 1904 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1904 2 ( 1 ) : 138 , pl . 9 , f . 5 ; tl : khamba jong , 15000ft , thibet
albulina shahidulla yoshino , 2003 ; futao ( 43 ) : 7 , f . 9 , 13 , 35 ; tl : w kunlun mts . , near shahidulla 4500m , sw xinjian , china
lycaena pheretes armathea fruhstorfer , 1916 ; ent . rundschau 33 ( 4 ) : 18 ; tl : chotan meridionalis
albulina armathea ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73 ( note )
lycaena pheretes artenita fruhstorfer , 1916 ; ent . rundschau 33 ( 4 ) : 18 ; tl : yarkend , mus - tag - ata
albulina artenita ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73 ( note )
alps , s . norway , s . siberia ( mountains ) , mongolia , c . china , n . ural ( burmantovo ) , s . ural , . see [ maps ]
668x945 ( ~ 156kb ) upperside male se . jä . åre , storulvan , rn 132 / 701 , 5 june 2003 , photo © sami haapala
600x848 ( ~ 120kb ) upperside female se . jä . åre , storulvan , rn 132 / 701 , 5 june 2003 , photo © sami haapala
700x1001 ( ~ 117kb ) underside male se . jä . åre , storulvan , rn 132 / 701 , 5 june 2003 , photo © sami haapala
1300x962 ( ~ 143kb ) underside female china , qinghai prov . , caka nuo vill ( 3500m ) , 19 . 7 . 2010 , photo © a . timchenko leg .
1300x1199 ( ~ 261kb ) underside male china , qinghai prov . , caka nuo vill ( 3500m ) , 19 . 7 . 2010 , photo © a . timchenko leg .
= albulina orbitulus orbitulus ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 74 ( aberration )
polyommatus ( albulina ) orbitulus var . luxurians forster , 1940 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 30 : 880 ; tl : n . yunnan , likiang
albulina orbitulus luxurians ; [ nhm card ] ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
albulina orbitulus lobbichleri forster , 1961 ; veröff . zool . stsamml . münch . 6 : 148
albulina orbitulus lobbichleri ; [ nhm card ] ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 72
lycaena pheretes tatsienluica oberthür , 1910 ; ètud . lépid . comp . 4 : 298 , pl . 41 , f . 300 ; tl : yunnan and tibet
albulina orbitulus tatsienluica ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
lycaena pheretes major evans , 1915 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 3 ) : 544 ; tl : tibet , nyuksang , 9500ft
albulina orbitulus major ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
nw . china ( kentei mts ) , transbaikalia , amur , ne . china
lycaena pheretes var . pheretimus staudinger , 1892 ; dt . ent . z . iris 5 ( 2 ) : 317 ; tl : kentei
528x744 ( ~ 75kb ) underside male an open pine forest on the hill just north of the chita sity , transbaikalia , siberia , russia . 28th june 1996 , photo © oleg kosterin
orbitulus sajana ( rühl , 1895 ) ( lycaena ) ; in heyne , palaearkt . grossschmett . 1 : 757
533x400 ( ~ 46kb ) underside male a montane tundra in a cirque in the sources of the argem ( direntai ) river , 2500 m above sea level , the eastern spurs of the katunskiy mountain range , kosh - agach district , central altai mts . , west siberia , russia . 19th july , 1988 , photo © oleg kosterin
1350x1212 ( ~ 255kb ) upperside male an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian } altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
918x1224 ( ~ 222kb ) underside male an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian } altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
581x717 ( ~ 120kb ) underside male an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian } altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
527x698 ( ~ 106kb ) underside male an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian } altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
polyommatus ( albulina ) orbitulus tyrone forster , 1940 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 30 : 881 ; tl : kansu
albulina orbitulus tyrone ; [ nhm card ] ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
albulina orbitula shanxiensis ; [ mrs ] , 686 ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
larva on allium sp . , ( [ really ? ] ) [ mrs ]
albulina orbitulus tibetana ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
albulina orbitulus qinlingensis ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73
albulina orbitulus demulaensis huang , 2001 ; neue ent . nachr . 51 : 73 , pl . 3 , f . 19 - right , pl . 9 , f . 69 ; tl : demula , chayu area tibet
albulina orbitulus dongdalaensis huang , 2001 ; neue ent . nachr . 51 : 74 , pl . 3 , f . 19 - left , pl . 9 , f . 66 ; tl : dangdala , e of zuogong , e . tibet
albulina orbitulus litangensis huang , 2001 ; neue ent . nachr . 51 : 75 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - right , pl . 9 , f . 68 ; tl : litang , w . sichuan
vacciniina optilete f . basireducta lempke , 1955 ; tijdschr . ent . 98 : 307
600x742 ( ~ 56kb ) upperside female finland : ab : suomusjärvi , 669 : 31 , 13 . 7 . 1997 , photo © markku savela
567x500 ( ~ 43kb ) underside female finland : ab : suomusjärvi , 669 : 31 , 13 . 7 . 1997 , photo © markku savela
600x467 ( ~ 34kb ) upperside male finland : li : utsjoki ailigas , 775 : 50 , 14 . 7 . 1998 , photo © markku savela
540x645 ( ~ 33kb ) underside finland : li : utsjoki ailigas , 775 : 50 , 14 . 7 . 1998 , photo © markku savela
669x953 ( ~ 242kb ) underside male the aldan river right bank 1 km w of tommot town , aldan ulus , sakha republic - yakutia , e siberia , russia . 25th june 2002 , photo © oleg kosterin
carpathians , ceu , n . tian - shan , dzhungarsky alatau , w . siberia , s . urals
vacciniina medea hemming , 1934 ; stylops 3 : 98 ( repl . lycaena uralensis seitz , [ 1909 ] )
vacciniina optilete optilete ; [ bru2 ] , 180 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
= vacciniina optilete sibirica ; [ nhm card ] ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
vacciniina optilete sibirica ; [ nhm card ] ; [ baru , ( note ) ] ; [ bru2 ] , 181 ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
400x300 ( ~ 16kb ) underside female a mossy larch ( larix gmelinii ( rupr . ) rupr . ) taiga at the village akotuy , the junction of the mountain ranges uryumkanskii and kukul ' bei , aleksandrovskozavodskoi district , e chita province , e transbaikalia , siberia , russia . 23rd july 1997 , photo © oleg kosterin
611x616 ( ~ 96kb ) underside a very slight tundrous ridge surrounded with peat - moss marches few km of the western coast of the southernmost kamchatka at the abandoned settlement bol ' sheretsk . 6th august 1992 , photo © oleg kosterin
lycaena yukona holland , 1900 ; ent . news 11 : 416 ; tl : alaska
plebejus ( albulina ) optilete yukona ; pelham , 2008 , j . res . lepid . 40 : 269
= vacciniina optilete sachalinensis ; korb & bolshakov , 2011 , eversmannia suppl . 2 : 87
nemoptilete ( bryk , 1942 ) ( lycaena ) ; dt . ent . z . iris 56 : 19
optilete kingana ( matsumura , 1939 ) ( lycaena ) ; bull . biogeogr . soc . japan 9 ( 20 ) : 357
bavarica ( hörhammer , 1925 ) ( lycaena ) ; schmett . südbayerns 1 : 146
latiorina glandon dealbata verity , 1926 ; ent . rec . j . var . 38 : 105
lycaena orbitulus subv . oberthuri staudinger , 1901 ; cat . lep . palaearct . faunengeb . 1 : 81
lycaena ? leela de nicéville , [ 1884 ] ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 52 pt . ii ( 2 / 4 ) : 66 , pl . 1 , f . 3 ♂ , 3a ♀ ; tl : ladak
lycaena pheretes f . caeca courvoisier , 1911 ; ent . zs . 24 ( 20 ) : 107
elunata ( nordström , 1935 ) ( lycaena ) ; ark . zool . 27 a ( 7 ) : 33
lycaena optilete f . uralensis courvoisier , 1910 ; ent . zs . 24 ( 19 ) : 100
lycaena optilete f . uralensis ; courvoisier , 1911 , dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 9 ) : 104
lycaena empyrea gerhard , 1851 ; versuch mon . europ . schmett . ( 5 ) : 11 , pl . 17 , f . 2a - c ( kind . )
lycaena orbitulus var . aquila gerhard , 1851 ; versuch mon . europ . schmett . ( 5 ) : 11 , pl . 18 , f . 4a - c
lycaena atys gerhard , 1851 ; versuch mon . europ . schmett . ( 5 ) : 11 , pl . 19 , f . 3a - d
latimargo ( ebert , 1926 ) ( lycaena ) ; dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 35
pseudoborealis ( ebert , 1926 ) ( lycaena ) ; dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 35
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
the dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
ergänzende bemerkungen zu higgins & riley
a field guide to the butterflies of britain and europe
, nebst beschreibung der lycaena pyrenaica latedisjuncta n . subsp .
icones historique des lépidoptères nouveaux ou peu connus . collection , avec figures coloritées , des papillons d ' europe nouvellement découverts ; ouvrage formant le complément de tous les auteurs iconographes
descriptions of certain species of diurnal lepidoptera , found within the limits of the united states and british america . no . 4
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . fortsetzung . band 2
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . supplement theil 1 . abschnitt 1
a list of butterflies caught by capt . f . m . bailey in s . e . thibet during 1913
a list of butterflies caught by major h . t . morshead during the mount everest expedition 1921
on some new and little - known butterflies , mainly from high elevations in the n . e . himalayas
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
neuere beiträge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur . ( 65 - 80 )
versuch einer monographie der europäischen schmetteringsarten : thecla , polyomattus [ sic ] , lycaena , nemeobius . als beitrag zur schmetterlingskunde
alphabetisches verzeichniss zu j . hübner ' s abbildungen der papilionen mit den beigefügten vorzüglichsten synonymen
report of h . huang ' s 2000 expedition to se . tibet for rhopalocera
a new lycaenid butterfly from mt . altin of kunlun range from xinjiang prov .
[ a catalogue of butterflies ( lepidoptera : papilioformes ) of the former ussr . second edition , reformatted and updated ] ( in russian )
the butterflies from jehol ( nekka ) manchoukuo , collected by marqis y . yamashina
descriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873
a natural history of the british lepidoptera . a text - book for students and collectors
züllich , 1928 lycaena nevadensis n . sp . zs . öst . entver . 13 : 73 - 75 , pl . 5
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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a discrete butterfly , found locally in the asturias mts of nw spain and the pyrenees .
with which it may fly in the pyrenees . the current species has bold black submarginal spots on the underside forewing and none on the hindwing .
only from nw spain and the pyrenees in spain and france at alpine levels ( 1500 - 2200m ) . it flies in june and july .
alpine grassy rocky meadows . males take water and salts during hot weather , often at quite some distance from where females can be found . mating occurs in the early afternoon .
two subspecies are generally recognised . from the asturias mts of nw spain , the blue colour of
is brighter and silvery and the females often have white markings on the upperside . in the pyrenees ,
males are a more powdery blue and the females , apart from the cell spot , generally lack any upperside markings .
the underside forewing spots are bold . it lacks the black chevrons in the hindwing margin area .
in 2004 it was extremely satisfying to discover a thriving colony of this rare and extremely local butterfly in bulgaria . we probably saw 30 or 40 individuals in the very tiny area they were flying over .
from a limited number of mountains in the southern balkans from north greece , south bulgaria , fyrom , bosnia where it is very local . flies in july .
our bulgarian colony was on a small rocky ridge with a great variety of plants and sparse grasses at roughly 1900m . it was my father who found them - we had both spent an hour wandering fruitlessly across similar looking areas nearby without finding a single specimen .
it is a very small and inconspicuous butterfly . it flies low over the ground stopping frequently on rocks or to take nectar from low plants .
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taxa believed likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , so no longer in use .
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life cycle : the butterflies occur between june and august . the males often aggregate on wet spots . the larva hibernates .
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all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair
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come on guys , subspecies are not endemics of a country or place . nice selection of l . boldenarum . i am still wondering if i should take off some months in 2017 to further study this species .
are you sure about that . countries can have endemic subspecies - meaning those subspecies are only found in that country .
another term for a species that is endemic is precinctive , which applies to species ( and subspecific categories ) that are restricted to a defined geographical area .
from wikipedia .


the saddleback darter ( percina vigil ) is a freshwater fish native to the eastern united states .

this darter species is widespread , occurring from the escambia river drainage west to the mississippi river basin and as far north as the wabash river historically .

some populations have been reported in the tennessee river drainage .

the saddleback darter is aptly named as it has 5 saddle-like patterns on its dorsum , with the first occurring near the first dorsal fin and the fifth near the caudal penduncle .

adults can attain a maximum size of about 3 inches or 7.8 centimeters .

the saddleback darter typically occurs over sand and gravel runs of creeks and small to medium-sized rivers and is sometimes found in very shallow water .

this darter 's diet consists of invertebrates such as caddisfly larvae , beetles , mayflies , and stoneflies .

the saddleback darter deposits eggs over sand and gravel shoals during the spring .

this species has an average lifespan between 2 and 3 years .

saddleback darter

1 saddleback darter in alabama distribution : percina vigil occurs from lake pontchartrain east to the escambia . . . percina vigil is fairly widespread and often abundant in the conecuh river and . . . www . outdooralabama . more
characteristics : the saddleback darter has eyes set more on top of the head and less pigmentation than other members of imostoma . it has separate to slightly connected gill membranes , a narrow frenum , and an elongate anal fin on breeding males . more
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formerly included in p . uranidea . ioa vigil was regarded as a senior synonym of p . ouachitae by suttkus ( 1985 ) . the 1991 afs checklist ( robins et al . 1991 ) followed suttkus and changed the name of p . ouachitae to p . vigil . page and burr ( 1991 ) evidently followed page ( 1983 ) , who included i . vigil in p . shumardi , and continued to use the name p . ouachitae for the saddleback darter .
i am currently in the new product development course at saddleback college . let along learning the theory of product design in class , i personally enjoyed the field trips to manufacturing and design companies . seeing how new products are designed and made , i am very excited hearing about the new saddleback college maker space . the new product development course could have been better had we had the opportunity to develop prototypes of the ideas created in class . can’t wait to see the maker space .
learning the techniques to make a product come to life is a great skill to have . but actually building the products we come up with is even better . we need both the knowledge of the business world as well as the skills needed to create the product . the maker space idea would be perfect for learning both of these skills . this is also an opportunity to bring the most creative minds at saddleback together to experiment with actual product development . the business world is always expanding and this is an amazing opportunity for saddleback students to get a head of everyone else .
i started at saddleback as an accounting major with an interest in all branches of business . after taking dr . fredrickson’s product innovative class , i became very interested in the practical skills and experiences needed to create and design new products and how i can use my accounting and management skills to better understand the entrepreneurship and business processes . this new maker space will be the perfect bridge from the management aspect to the actual creating and manufacturing process .
my father is a mechanical engineer for boeing and i am interested in following in his footsteps as a new product entrepreneur . i want to learn the theory as well as practical skills to create new and innovative products . i am really looking forward to having a great learning experience in the new entrepreneurship and innovation makerspace currently being designed at saddleback college . this maker space will give me and other students more of a real world experience so that we will be better able to transition to work in the business field .
data on dispersal and other movements generally are not available . though larvae of some species may drift with the current , turner ( 2001 ) found no significant relationship between a larval transport index and gene flow among several different darter species . separation distances are arbitrary but reflect the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than several kilometers of aquatic habitat would represent truly independent populations . because of the difficulty in defining suitable versus unsuitable habitat , especially with respect to dispersal , and to simplify the delineation of occurrences , a single separation distance is used regardless of habitat quality . occupied locations that are separated by a gap of 10 km or more of any aquatic habitat that is not known to be occupied generally represent different occurrences . however , it is important to evaluate seasonal changes in habitat to ensure that an occupied habitat occurrence for a particular population does not artificially separate spawning areas and nonspawning areas as different occurrences simply because there have been no collections / observations in an intervening area that may exceed the separation distance .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : listed as least concern in view of the large extent of occurrence , large number of subpopulations , large population size , and lack of major threats . trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely relatively stable , or the species may be declining but not fast enough to qualify for any of the threatened categories under criterion a ( reduction in population size ) .
gulf slope from escambia river drainage , alabama and florida , west to mississippi river , louisiana ; mississippi river basin from southwestern indiana ( formerly ) and southeastern missouri to louisiana ; mostly confined to coastal plain ; apparently extirpated in green river , kentucky , and in wabash river system , indiana - illinois ; common but somewhat localized ( page and burr 1991 ) .
this species is represented by a large number of subpopulations and locations . total adult population size is unknown but relatively large . trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely relatively stable or slowly declining .
creeks and small to medium rivers in areas of moderate current over sand and gravel or gravel and rubble substrates , often at foot of chute or riffle or near snags or logjams ; sometimes in very shallow water ( kuehne and barbour 1983 , page and burr 1991 ) . larvae may drift downstream from spawning areas to quiet backwaters ( heins and baker 1989 ) .
localized threats may exist , but on a range - wide scale no major threats are known .
currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research action .
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louisiana department of wildlife and fisheries po box 98000 2000 quail drive baton rouge , la 70898 800 . 256 . 2749 225 . 765 . 2800
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robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea , and w . b . scott . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . american fisheries society , special publication 20 . 183 pp .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely relatively stable or slowly declining .
upper conecuh ( 03140301 ) , sepulga ( 03140303 ) , lower conecuh ( 03140304 ) , escambia ( 03140305 ) + , lower tallapoosa ( 03150110 ) , upper alabama ( 03150201 ) , cahaba ( 03150202 ) , middle alabama ( 03150203 ) , lower alabama ( 03150204 ) , upper tombigbee ( 03160101 ) , buttahatchee ( 03160103 ) , luxapallila ( 03160105 ) , middle tombigbee - lubbub ( 03160106 ) , sipsey ( 03160107 ) , lower black warrior ( 03160113 ) , middle tombigbee - chickasaw ( 03160201 ) , sucarnoochee ( 03160202 ) , lower tambigbee ( 03160203 ) , chunky - okatibbee ( 03170001 ) , upper chickasawhay ( 03170002 ) , lower chickasawhay ( 03170003 ) , upper leaf ( 03170004 ) , lower leaf ( 03170005 ) , pascagoula ( 03170006 ) , black ( 03170007 ) , upper pearl ( 03180001 ) , middle pearl - strong ( 03180002 ) , middle pearl - silver ( 03180003 ) , lower pearl . mississippi ( 03180004 ) , bogue chitto ( 03180005 )
lower mississippi - memphis ( 08010100 ) , bayou de chien - mayfield ( 08010201 ) , upper hatchie ( 08010207 ) , lower hatchie ( 08010208 ) , lower st . francis ( 08020203 ) * , upper ouachita ( 08040102 ) , little missouri ( 08040103 ) , lower ouachita - smackover ( 08040201 ) , lower ouachita - bayou de loutre ( 08040202 ) , upper saline ( 08040203 ) , bayou d ' arbonne ( 08040206 ) , lower ouachita ( 08040207 ) , castor ( 08040302 ) , little ( 08040304 ) , lower big black ( 08060202 ) , bayou pierre ( 08060203 ) , coles creek ( 08060204 ) , homochitto ( 08060205 ) , buffalo ( 08060206 ) , lower mississippi - baton rouge ( 08070100 ) * , bayou sara - thompson ( 08070201 ) , amite ( 08070202 ) * , tangipahoa ( 08070205 ) * , liberty bayou - tchefuncta ( 08090201 )
apparently spawns in late winter ( kuehne and barbour 1983 ) . in mississippi , spawned february - april at water temperatures of 12 - 22 c , produced multiple clutches , sexually mature within 1 year , maximum lifespan less than 3 years ( heins and baker 1989 ) .
some populations eat mainly crustaceans and immature insects , other populations feed heavily on snails ( page 1983 ) .
occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence , or current and likely recurring presence , at a given location . such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals ( including eggs and larvae ) in appropriate habitat .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
bart , h . l . , jr . , and l . m . page . 1992 . the influence of size and phylogeny on life history variation in north american percids . pages 553 - 572 in r . l . mayden , editor . systematics , historical ecology , and north american freshwater fishes . stanford university press , stanford , california . xxvi + 969 pp .
eschmeyer , william n . ( editor ) . 1998 . catalog of fishes . volumes 1 - 3 . california academy of sciences , san francisco , california . 958 pp . updates available online at : urltoken
heins , d . c . , and j . a . baker . 1989 . growth , population structure , and reproduction of the percid fish percina vigil . copeia 1989 : 727 - 736 .
kuehne , r . a . , and r . w . barbour . 1983 . the american darters . university press of kentucky , lexington , kentucky . 177 pp .
lee , d . s . , c . r . gilbert , c . h . hocutt , r . e . jenkins , d . e . mcallister , and j . r . stauffer , jr . 1980 . atlas of north american freshwater fishes . north carolina state museum of natural history , raleigh , north carolina . i - x + 854 pp .
nelson , j . s . , e . j . crossman , h . espinosa - perez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , and j . d . williams . 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , special publication 29 , bethesda , maryland . 386 pp .
page , l . m . 1983b . identification of the percids , boleosoma phlox cope and ioa vigil hay . copeia 1983 : 1082 - 1083 .
page , l . m . , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , n . e . mandrak , r . l . mayden , and j . s . nelson . 2013 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . seventh edition . american fisheries society , special publication 34 , bethesda , maryland .
page , l . m . , and b . m . burr . 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes : north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston , massachusetts . 432 pp .
page , l . m . , and b . m . burr . 2011 . peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . second edition . houghton mifflin harcourt , boston . xix + 663 pp .
suttkus , r . d . 1985 . identification of the percid , ioa vigil hay . copeia 1985 : 225 - 227 .
boschung , h . t . , and r . l . mayden . 2004 . fishes of alabama . smithsonian institution press , washington , d . c . 960 pp .
burr , b . m . , and m . l . warren , jr . 1986a . distributional atlas of kentucky fishes . kentucky nature preserves commission , scientific and technical series no . 4 , frankfort , kentucky . 398 pp .
douglas , n . h . 1974 . freshwater fishes of louisiana . claitor ' s publishing division , baton rouge , louisiana . 443 pp .
etnier , d . a . , and w . c . starnes . 1993 . the fishes of tennessee . university of tennessee press , knoxville , tennessee . xiv + 681 pp .
mettee , m . f . , p . e . o ' neil , and j . m . pierson . 1996 . fishes of alabama and the mobile basin . oxmoor house , birmingham , alabama . 820 pp .
page , l . m . 1983a . handbook of darters . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city , new jersey . 271 pp .
robison , h . w . and t . m . buchanan . 1988 . fishes of arkansas . the university of arkansas press , fayetteville , arkansas . 536 pp .
ross , s . t . , and w . m . brenneman . 1991 . distribution of freshwater fishes in mississippi . freshwater fisheries report no . 108 . d - j project completion report f - 69 . mississippi department of wildlife and freshwater fisheries and parks . jackson , mississippi . 548 pp .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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knowledge of the early life stages of fishes is crucial for the effective monitoring and management of fish populations and habitats , and the evaluation of environmental impacts and recovery of endangered species . unfortunately , the proper identification of targeted species has stunted the development of the field .
now a series has emerged that stands as the leading resource on the reproduction and development of many north american fishes . reproductive biology and early life history of fishes in the ohio river drainage fills immense gaps in knowledge of issues related to early life development of fishes in the ohio basin . volume 4 addresses the developmental and morphological issues of perch , pikeperch , and darters .
this volume describes the characteristics of the family percidae , and provides a detailed pictorial guide to the young of all fish families present in the ohio river drainage . subtopics within each species description include range , distribution , occurrence , spawning , eggs , development , ecology of early life phases , and more .
this book serves as both a handbook to help identify individual larval fish , and as a reference for those concerned with the overall health of the ecosystems or fisheries that they are monitoring .
a much - needed taxonomic aid , complete with keys , diagnostic criteria , and illustrated descriptions for identification of the eggs , larvae , and early juveniles of most of about 285 fishes in the ohio river basin . it is also an equally needed compendium of information on the ecology of those early life stages , as well as a summary of the distribution , habitat , and reproductive biology of their parents…
the fish fauna of the ohio river drainage includes a large proportion of the fishes of eastern north america , including many species whose ranges extend well beyond the ohio river . for that reason these volumes are valuable beyond the ohio river drainage . they provide a systematic approach to the study of early life histories of fishes and are useful as a guide to scientists and managers beyond the region , even in areas such as western north america . this series will prove useful to scientists and managers from state and federal agencies , to industry and consulting firm staff dealing with river fish issues , and to faculty and students in regional universities .
provides invaluable information for anyone interested in protecting the spawning grounds or habitat of the fish . …represents the definitive authority on the subject and represent a type of research that has been all to infrequent in these days of bioinformatics and concentrations on things like gene analysis .
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values shown below are defaults ; and k is an estimate from the family where the species belongs . please double - check , replace with better values as appropriate , and ' recalculate ' .
s . e . - years estimated from linf . , k and t o .
s . e . - years estimated from lopt , linf . , k and t o .
s . e . - years estimated from lm , linf . , k and t o .
estimate y ' / r from m / k , lc / linf and e . lc = cm e = / year e msy / year e opt / year f msy / year f opt / year
vulnerable to extinction if decline in biomass or numbers exceeds threshold over the longer of 10 years or 3 generations .
lr = cm estimated from fmsy at lc = length of recruitment ( lr ) .
note : the estimates are derived from default values taken from fishbase and will thus not be appropriate for every population . you can change these values and recalculate the life history parameters .
life history data created by : eli , 01 . 06 . 99 , php script by : kbanasihan , 11 . 02 . 10 , last modified by kbanasihan , 11 . 11 . 10
reproductive biology and early life history of fishes in the ohio river drainage . volume 4 percidae - perch , pikeperch , and darters | copac
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reproductive biology and early life history of fishes in the ohio river drainage . volume 4 percidae - perch , pikeperch , and darters
knowledge of the early life stages of fishes is crucial for the effective monitoring and management of fish populations and habitats , and the evaluation of environmental impacts and recovery of endangered species . unfortunately , the proper identification of targeted species has stunted the development of the field . now a series has emerged that stands as the leading resource on the reproduction and development of many north american fishes . reproductive biology and early life history of fishes in the ohio river drainage fills immense gaps in knowledge of issues related to early life development of fishes in the ohio basin . volume 4 addresses the developmental and morphological issues of perch , pikeperch , and darters . this volume describes the characteristics of the family percidae , and provides a detailed pictorial guide to the young of all fish families present in the ohio river drainage . subtopics within each species description include range , distribution , occurrence , spawning , eggs , development , ecology of early life phases , and more . this book serves as both a handbook to help identify individual larval fish , and as a reference for those concerned with the overall health of the ecosystems or fisheries that they are monitoring .
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north america : mississippi river basin from southwestern indiana and southeastern missouri to louisiana in the usa ; gulf slope from escambia river drainage in alabama and florida to mississippi river in louisiana . the name percina vigil replaces percina ouachitae .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 7 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5723 ) ; common length : 4 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12193 ) ; max . reported age : 2 years ( ref . 12193 )
inhabits sand and gravel runs of creeks and small to medium rivers , sometimes in very shallow water ( ref . 3814 , 10294 ) . feeds on pleurocerid ( leptoxis ) river snails , hydropsychid caddisfly larvae , midge larvae , and small mayfly nymphs , such as baetids ( ref . 10294 ) .
robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea and w . b . scott , 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . am . fish . soc . spec . publ . ( 20 ) : 183 p . ( ref . 3814 )
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00501 ( 0 . 00201 - 0 . 01253 ) , b = 3 . 14 ( 2 . 92 - 3 . 36 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .
) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( tmax = 2 ) .
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the perch family is second only to the minnow family in diversity of north american fishes . most species in this family are darters . darters tend to live on the bottom of streams or lakes and dart about for food . they generally do not have a gas bladder . characteristics include two dorsal fins , thoracic pelvic fins with one spine and five rays and ctenoid scales .