the ludong or lobed river mullet is a freshwater mullet .

while it is claimed to be endemic to cagayan river and tributaries extending through the watersheds of cagayan valley and the santa-abra river systems of ilocos sur and abra in the philippines , verifiable and reliable sources have listed celebes , new caledonia , new hebrides , and fiji as areas where the lobed river mullet may be found .

according to the bfar , this fish is habituating in the deep pools of addalem river in aglipay , quirino , and rapids of didimpit in lacab , jones , isabela .

lobed river mullet

what is the description of that dish ( sinigang na banak ( lobed river mullet in sour tamarind soup ) ? ? pls , answer my question . . i need your help . . thanks ! = )
this mullet is often confused with the white mullet , mugil curema . however , the white mullet has scales extending onto its soft dorsal and anal fins while the striped mullet does not . they may also be identified by the anal ray fin count — 8 for the striped mullet and 9 for the white mullet .
the high value of the lobed river mullet , popularly known as
president ' s fish
has resulted in overfishing , seriously diminishing their numbers , said jovita ayson , a regional director of the fisheries bureau .
hi john , this sounds like an oppertunity to farm lobed river mullet the same way the salmon is raised here in the us . and it could be easier in the rp because they don’t have as a restrictive epa as we do here .
a short early morning session mullet fishing on a freshwater section of french river provides some excellent sport with plenty of pristine grey mullet caught using bread fished both on and below the surface . music from : urltoken urltoken
anal fin : one of the easiest ways to identify a striped mullet is by the number of anal fin rays . the striped mullet’s fin has 8 rays , whereas the white mullet has 9 .
cagayan river , lasi , & ludong - most expensive fish in the phils . | facebook
mouth : mullet have a distinctively shaped triangular mouth with several rows of small teeth .
dorsal fins : mullet are one of the few fish species with two dorsal fins . they are considered a ray - finned fish , because the fins are composed of webs of skin supported by bony spines , rather than fleshy lobed fins . the mullet’s first dorsal fin contains 5 sharp spines , while the second has 8 soft rays .
this photo , released by the philippine bureau of fisheries and aquatic resoruces ( bfar ) , shows a lobed river mullet , cestraeus plicatilis , locally known as
ludong
or
banak .
the species , reputed to be one of the favourite dishes of former president ferdinand marcos , is facing extinction in the philippines because it is so valuable , a fisheries official said saturday .
wildlife officials in china released a rare paddlefish into yangtze river sunday after nursing it back to health from injuries inflicted by fishermen .
the lobed river mullet , cestraeus plicatilis , is prized for its unique aroma and special taste—something that motivated former president ferdinand marcos to keep up to a year - long supply on hand at all times . now , the
president ' s fish ,
as it is known in the philippines , is also that country ' s most valuable , selling for as much as $ 114 per kilogram .
in the cagayan valley , the culture is largely ybanag and ilocano . these two groups share many similarities , including their respective foods . one cultural tradition , centered around food , is capturing and cooking ludong , also known as president’s fish or , in english , lobed river mullet ( cestraeus plicatilis ) . this fish is highly prized , and a great delicacy . unfortunately , it is also highly endangered .
posted on may 30 , 2014 , in mullet ( banak ) . bookmark the permalink . 3 comments .
lateral line : mullet do not have an obvious lateral line - the organ most fish use to detect variations in water currents .
gizzard : mullet have strong stomachs , similar to gizzards , and long intestines , allowing them to thrive on a primarily vegetarian diet .
this mullet is well known throughout the country as being the country’s most expensive fish . they are most common in the cagayan river of northern luzon , however they are also most likely present all around the country in estuaries and rivers . these plant feeders like most mullet species are a challenge to catch on hook and line . anglers targeting this species and others are likely to have success fly fishing with small bread , algae , and shrimp pattern .
last year , the people i was staying with lived very close to pinacanauan ( ? ) river . it was a pretty impressive river esp near callao . that’s where i first heard about the “ludong” , the president’s fish , its market price . i just can’t imagine how it tastes , but it has got to be super tasty to merit the honor .
the striped mullet is catadromous , that is , they spawn in saltwater yet spend most of their lives in freshwater . during the autumn and winter months , adult mullet migrate far offshore in large aggregations to spawn . in the gulf of mexico , mullet have been observed spawning 40 - 50 miles ( 65 - 80 km ) offshore in water over 3 , 280 feet ( 1 , 000 m ) deep . in other locations , spawning has been reported along beaches as well as offshore . estimated fecundity of the striped mullet is 0 . 5 to 2 . 0 million eggs per female , depending upon the size of the individual .
adipose eyelid : as they mature , mullet grow an adipose eyelid . this is a transparent fatty tissue covering the eye , which leaves a narrow slit over the pupil .
a species of mullet reputed to be one of the favourite dishes of former president ferdinand marcos is facing extinction in the philippines because it is so valuable , a fisheries official said saturday .
mullet are diurnal feeders , consuming mainly zooplankton , dead plant and marine animal matter . mullet have thick - walled gizzard - like segments in their stomach along with a long gastrointestinal tract that enables them to feed on many of the things in their diet . they are an ecologically important link in the energy flow within estuarine communities . feeding by sucking up the top layer of sediments , striped mullet remove dead plant and marine animal matter and microalgae . they also pick up some sediments which function to grind food in the gizzard - like portion of the stomach . mullet also graze on epiphytes and epifauna from seagrasses as well as ingest surface scum containing microalgae at the air - water interface . larval striped mullet feed primarily on microcrustaceans . one study found copepods , mosquito larvae , and plant debris in the stomach contents of larvae under 35mm in length . the amount of sand and other food matter in the stomach contents increases with length indicating that more food is ingested from the bottom substrate as the fish matures .
at restaurants where fresh or live fish are not available , the usual unspecified nameless white fish in fillet form that has apparently become the default is the so - called
cream dory
also called
river cobbler
. this is actually a fish from the family
the only problem is that catching the mullet is becoming increasingly difficult as the species is overfished to the brink of extinction . jovita ayson , a regional director of the fisheries bureau in the philippines , explained :
ludong has a unique taste and aroma , somewhat fishy , but different than that of other fish . though commonly termed a mullet , the taste is quite different than that of other , more common mullet , like red mullet . ludong spawns in a similar manner to wild salmon , though reversed . whereas a salmon lives in saltwater and heads upstream to spawn in fresh water , the ludong lives in freshwater pools upstream and swims downstream to spawn in saltwater . unfortunately , this is a big part of the reason that the fish are so endangered . ludong only migrate once in their lifespan to spawn , returning to fresh water to die a natural death ( though not immediately ) . the need to reproduce is a basic need in animals , as in humans . instinct drives the migration . environmental change from river dredging has also hampered fish stocks . the ludong is now highly endangered , on the verge of extinction .
i am now working for an international organization that established 12 freshwater sanctuaries in the tributaries of the cagayan river , a total of three provinces here in northern luzon . i am also from the visayas but now based in aparri , exactly where the cagayan river meets the sea . i have yet to see a ludong , but it is off - season now . i always walk / jog at the pier area and saw folks trying to fish . if i see one caught using a line , i will be more than happy to snatch a picture for you to post . cheers !
thanks for this list . btw a clarification - talakitok and maliputo are indeed the same species ( trevally ) but maliputo refers specifically to a trevally from taal lake and pansipit river . they were trapped there by an eruption of taal volcano and somehow adapted to living in fresh water , and they taste better than the marine trevally . : - )
gill rakers : typically , fish use their gill rakers to filter out debris from water as it passes over their gills while breathing . for mullet , they serve an additional purpose , allowing them to filter out things they want to eat . this includes algae , plankton , and various other vegetation .
the mullet grows to 32 . 5 centimetres ( 12 . 8 inches ) , but those being caught are now much smaller , weighing only 250 grams ( 8 . 9 ounces ) from as much as 2 . 5 kilograms ( 5 . 5 pounds ) a few years back , a sign fewer are reaching maturity .
mullet spawn in salt water . once hatched , the larvae make their way toward the coast and the juveniles settle in lower salinity water . they later school to freshwater estuaries where they grow to adults . in florida , adults begin to spawn in the early fall october through january , returning to deeper salt water to spawn , as they cannot spawn in freshwater .
i watched the documentary ( kmjs ) regarding this fish . it is very expensive , but their counts now in the wild is very few ( i believe only in the ph ) , because i saw a vlog in youtube , and a filipino man is fishing in the us using a cast net , and he catches an abundant count of mullet fish on every throw of cast net .
the mullet’s body is roughly torpedo - shaped with a round head and small mouth with inconspicuous teeth and a blunt nose . the lips are thin , with a bump at the tip of the lower lip . pectoral fins are short , not reaching the first dorsal fin . the origin of the second dorsal fin is posterior to the origin of the anal fin . the lateral line is not visible .
the body is grayish olive to grayish brown , with olive - green or bluish tints and sides fading to silvery white towards the belly . dark longitudinal lines are formed by dark spots at the center of each scale on the upper half of the body , and run the length of the body . young fish smaller than 6 inches ( 15 cm ) in length lack stripes . there is a large dark blotch at the base of the pectoral fin . the pigmentation in the iris is dispersed and brown , a character that also helps to distinguish it from white mullet .
the maximum recorded length of the striped mullet is 47 . 2 inches ( 120 cm ) , with a maximum weight of 17 . 6 pounds ( 8 kg ) . lifespan is reported to range somewhere between 4 and 16 years . maturity is attained at approximately 3 years of age , corresponding to lengths of 7 . 9 - 11 . 8 inches ( 20 - 30 cm ) . females mature at a slightly larger size than males . growth rates along the gulf coast of florida increase from west to east , from the panhandle along the peninsula , likely due to the temperature increase . most growth occurs during the spring and summer months . adults grow at a rate of 1 . 5 - 2 . 5 inches ( 3 . 8 - 6 . 4 cm ) per year . females are larger and grow faster than males of the same age .
greek , kestra = a kind of shark ; greek , kestros = sharpened , 1876 ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; freshwater ; brackish ; demersal ; catadromous ( ref . 97775 ) ; depth range 0 - 5 m ( ref . 86942 ) . tropical
asia : celebes , new caledonia , new hebrides , and fiji . also from okinawa , ryukyu islands ( ref . 96268 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 32 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9812 ) ; common length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9812 )
very little available data . possibly ascending some way up rivers . probably taken incidentally or as part of subsistence fisheries in rivers . oviparous , eggs are pelagic and non - adhesive ( ref . 205 ) .
harrison , i . j . and h . senou , 1997 . order mugiliformes . mugilidae . mullets . p . 2069 - 2108 . in k . e . carpenter and v . h . niem ( eds . ) fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . the living marine resources of the western central pacific . volume 4 . bony fishes part 2 ( mugilidae to carangidae ) . fao , rome . ( ref . 9812 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01148 ( 0 . 00543 - 0 . 02429 ) , b = 2 . 97 ( 2 . 80 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 5 ±0 . 2 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 34 of 100 ) .
ludong are one of the few freshwater species in the philippines to have a strict fishing season . the months of october to january are when these fish migrate to spawn and fishing for these fish during those months is now illegal . this is most likely due to the reputation this fish has as being one of the best tasting and rarest freshwater fish . it is said that this was the former president ferdinan marcos favorite fish .
if you have caught ludong on hook and line send us your pictures and we will post them here .
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very little available data . possibly ascending some way up rivers . probably taken incidentally or as part of subsistence fisheries in rivers . oviparous , eggs are pelagic and non - adhesive ( ref . 205 ) .
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it is a threatened species and we have to do something about it before it goes extinct . if we don ' t stop the indiscriminate catching , in a short while , it could vanish ,
she told afp .
the fisheries bureau is calling for a five - year ban on the catching of cestraeus plicatilis , locally known as
ludong
or
banak
.
it is found in only a few countries , and in the philippines its habitat is limited to a few rivers in the north .
it sells for 5 , 000 pesos ( 114 dollars ) a kilogram , which only the wealthiest can afford , making it the most expensive fish in the philippines , ayson said .
but this also leads fishermen to catch it even during its spawning season , not leaving enough mature fish to breed , she said .
you cannot stop fishermen from catching it . it is too valuable . people even pay the fishermen in advance for their catch ,
she said .
marcos , a native of the northern philippines who ruled the country from 1965 to 1986 - - much of it under martial rule - - reputedly always had a year - long supply of the fish stocked away , ayson said .
a lot of people like the smell . it has a unique aroma and a special taste ,
she said , explaining the demand .
in captivity and educating the local populace on the need to keep it from dying out , ayson said .
sturgeon , the fish that produce black caviar , are at the brink of extinction , miami researchers reported thursday .
catch share programs result in more consistent and predictable fisheries but do not necessarily improve ecological conditions , according to a new study published online this week by the journal proceedings of the national . . .
human impacts on the environment have reduced populations of wild species to dangerously low levels . nowhere is this more apparent than in worldwide fisheries , where thanks to overfishing and habitat destruction , countless . . .
( ap ) - - the west coast groundfish fleet has struggled to stay afloat during major cutbacks to reverse long - standing problems with overfishing and to protect the seafloor from damage caused by bottom trawling gear .
global fisheries , a vital source of food and revenue throughout the world , contribute between us $ 225 - $ 240 billion per year to the worldwide economy , according to four new studies released today . researchers also concluded . . .
the co - evolution of plant—pathogen interactions has been revealed in unprecedented detail in a study of one of the world ' s deadliest crop killers . this is the rice blast pathogen , which destroys enough food to feed more . . .
using genome editing to inactivate a protein called pcsk9 effectively reduces cholesterol levels in rhesus macaques , a species of monkey , according to researchers from the perelman school of medicine at the university of . . .
fish that ' farm ' their own patches of seaweed alter their ' cropping ' practices under high co2 conditions , researchers at the university of adelaide in australia have found .
mucus is able to protect us from infection thanks to ancient genes that have been conserved throughout 350 million years of evolution—dating back to our days as a jellyfish .
by proving a theory that was first proposed almost 40 years ago , researchers have confirmed a new way that cells conserve energy .
our bodies consist of many different kinds of cells , each with their own role . the japanese scientist shinya yamanaka had made earlier the discovery , earning the nobel prize in 2012 , that cells from adult skin can be converted . . .
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bakoko - grunt ( e . g . pomadasys argenteus ) , seabream , sweet lips
bisugo - threadfin bream ( e . g . nemipterus japonicus ) , jobfish , goatfish
kabasi - gizzard shad ( e . g . nematalosa nasus , anodontostoma chacunda )
maya - maya / bambangin / pargo - snapper ( e . g . lutjanus malabaricus )
talakitok / maliputo - trevally / jack / cavalla ( e . g . caranx ignobilis )
alimasag - crab portunidae spp . ( e . g . blue swimmer crab , portunus pelagicus ) , coral crab ( charybdis feriatus )
halaan - clam ( e . g . manila clam / japanese carpet shell , ruditapes philippinarum )
swahe / suahe - endeavor prawn ( e . g . red endeavor prawn / greasy back shrimp , metapenaeus ensis )
. there are many varieties and kinds of fish . the country ' s tropical climate and coral reefs make its waters located near the center of the coral triangle among the richest in marine life anywhere providing a bounty of fresh philippine seafood and an assortment of tropical fish . according to some estimates 5 % of the world ' s reef area is in philippine waters and the marine fish in the area represent 20 % of the total marine fish in the world .
fishing is an important source of livelihood for many filipinos . in 1998 around 3 % of the country ' s labor force was involved in the philippine fishing industry which contributed to about 3 . 6 % of the gdp composition . commercial fishing operations produce most of the catch but a growing percentage comes from aquaculture / mariculture . an ordinary filipino consumes around 98 . 6 grams of fish or fish products a day making it the primary source of protein in the filipino diet . the philippines being a predominantly christian nation , fish are especially popular during lent .
the best time to buy fish is early in the morning . philippine fishing boats bring their catch to places like the navotas fish port complex ( the largest in the country ) while it is still dark . from there fish are distributed to local markets .
filipino fish names can get confusing very quickly . different names can be given to the same fish and a name can be applied to multiple fish—and that ' s just in the same dialect and region . given the various philippine languages and the disparate islands comprising the archipelago , custom and usage varies and contradictions frequently crop up . in metro manila , tagalog is the dominant language but because of the influx of people from the provinces , local names and regional names from other parts of the country like the visayas or ilocos or even other tagalog provinces with their own name variants are sometimes used in manila wet markets .
largely refer to the same species , but others make a distinction . according to one explanation ,
, narrower and rounder sardines . even though a source i ' m looking at says
is also used for these sardinella but it is a name probably most properly reserved for the philippine freshwater fish specie endemic to lake taal . sardines are popular fish for canning , smoking and drying .
and is also used for dried fish . the town of rosario , cavite previously called salinas ( derived from
) . the two species seem to interbreed and may be one and the same . ] then again some consider the
while others seem to consider them distinctly different fish . elsewhere in the philippines , members of the siganidae family can also be called
, both often referring to bluish - tinged tuna , are sometimes interchanged with one another or used to refer to tuna in general . but
is one name used for flounder but has also been seen to refer to mantis shrimp .
are popular premium fish choices . a philippine fish recipe that would work well with these fish is to cook them
. red tilapia , sometimes presented as
kingfish
, has also been observed in some fish and seafood restaurants . it ' s a possibly misleading fish since its red pigmentation may lead those unfamiliar with it to mistake it for
, but red tilapia is not as highly valued as either of those fish . red tilapia is a hybrid fish created by fish farmers . tilapia is an introduced species in the country grown in fish cages and fish ponds largely used in aquaculture because of its fast reproduction leading it to be called
chicken of the sea
.
is usually available somewhere in the menu . blue marlin also pops up with some frequency as does
. bacalao is a term taken from spanish that is used for cod . salmon although imported and more expensive has also become popular .
although the philippine fish identified on the main list are believed to be sold in markets one needs to take care with unfamiliar fish . one species may be safe while another in the same family may not be . even among those fish that are widely eaten some need to be prepared or handled a certain way prior to cooking and eating for them to be safe .
with symptoms similar to an allergic reaction is associated with tunas , mackerels , mahi - mahi , and marlin that have spoiled resulting in the release of histamines which are unaffected by cooking . there are also reports of
toxins are a danger related to harmful algal blooms . the philippine government issues red tide alerts from time to time to warn about the harvesting , buying , selling and eating of seafood from certain areas .
allen , g . r . ( 1985 ) . fao species catalogue – volume 6 snappers of the world – an annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date . food and agriculture organization of the united nations .
baluyut , elvira . ( 1989 ) . a regional survey of the aquaculture sector in east asia – adcp / 88 / 31 . fao .
broad , genevieve . ( 2003 ) . fishes of the philippines – a guide to identification of families . anvil .
bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources . ( 2011 ) . fisheries administrative order no . 233 - 1 , series of 2011 , annex a – preliminary list of economically important aquatic organisms .
carpenter , kent e . and victor g . springer . ( 2005 ) . the center of the center of marine shorefish biodiversity : the philippine islands . environmental biology of fishes 72 : 467 - 480 .
dickson , jonathan o . ( 2001 ) . shrimp trawl fisheries in the philippines . in fishery technology service . tropical shrimp fisheries and their impact on living resources , fao fisheries circular no . 974 .
doyo , maria ceres p . ( june 9 , 2011 ) . ' maliputo , ' ' tawilis ' and poisoned waters . philippine daily inquirer .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations ( fao ) . fishery and aquaculture country profiles
ganaden , s . r . and f . lavapie - gonzales . ( 1999 ) . common and local names of marine fishes of the philippines . manila : bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources , fisheries resources evaluation and environment services division .
determining the consumption behavior of fresh fish demand in the philippines . bureau of agricultural research research and development diges t .
hernando , aniceto m . jr . and efren ed . c . flores . ( january 1981 ) . the philippines squid fishery : a review . in w . hobart ( ed . ) , marine fisheries review , vol . 43 , no . 1 . seattle : national marine fisheries service , national oceanic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) .
herre , albert w . c . t . and agustin f . umali . ( 1948 ) . english and local common names of philippine fishes , u . s . department of the interior , fish and wildlife service , circular no . 14 . washington d . c . : u . s . government printing office .
jereb p . and c . f . e . roper . ( eds . ) . ( 2011 ) . cephalopods of the world – an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date – volume 2 – myopsid and oegopsid squids . rome : fao .
motoh , hiroshi and kuronuma , k . ( 1980 ) . field guide for the edible crustacea of the philippines . iloilo , philippines : aquaculture department , southeast asian fisheries development center .
national statistical coordination board . ( c . 2003 ) . philippine economic - environmental and natural resources accounting – fishery resources – the philippine marine fishery resources .
rome , b . , s . j . newman , g . jackson , and j . norriss . ( may 2010 ) . gascoyne wetline fish identification field guide . department of fisheries , government of western australia .
seafood services australia . ( october 14 , 2005 ) . australian fish names list .
santos , frank f . ( n . d . ) . mudcrab industry profile . bfar .
seafood shopping guide . ( 2006 ) . seafood choices . national museum of marine biology and museum , taiwan .
search aquaculture fact sheets – cultured aquatic species . ( n . d . ) fao .
species – common recreational saltwater . department of primary industries , new south wales , australia .
excellent blog ! thank you very much for sharing on this wonderful information with us . alaskan fish species
this is great ! very comprehensive . will share in my foodie page urltoken thanks !
thanks for this blog . more power to you . two thumbs up : d
unfortunately i ' m not skilled enough to identify it especially given the lack of color in the picture . some fish can be trickier to identify because they change pigmentation during different times in their life cycle . for example some species of snapper have very pronounced stripes when young but lose them almost completely and turn red when older . also please note that most of the fish listed , although not all , are those commonly seen in wet markets . there may be many ornamental fish that are not covered by this list . anyway good luck identifying the fish !
according to fishbase yes coral trout appears to be a common name in malaysia to refer to grouper .
would very much appreciate if you could identify the fish that were sold at wet market . they called it salmon , but i really doubt it ' s a salmon . thanks
thanks for this list and your excellent scholarship , this has been very helpful .
check out also the new aani weekend market in arca south , caliraya drive taguig city , metro manila .
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pinoys , by nature , are very social people . such is reflected through strong family ties and friendships that are kept alive since their y . . .
prepared by : chef reggie torres chef reggie torres has a long and distinguished career in the culinary arts industry . he h . . .
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< p > the annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a uniprotkb entry or proteome . this score < strong > cannot < / strong > be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the ‘correct annotation’ for any given protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / annotation _ score ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides any useful information about the protein , mostly biological knowledge . < p > < a href = ' / help / function _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the < a href =
urltoken
> gene ontology ( go ) < / a > project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories : < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ ontology ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000313
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates the name ( s ) of the gene ( s ) that code for the protein sequence ( s ) described in the entry . four distinct tokens exist : ‘name’ , ‘synonyms’ , ‘ordered locus names’ and ‘orf names’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> family and domains < / a > section describes the position and type of a domain , which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three - dimensional structure or fold . < p > < a href = ' / help / domain ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000259
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =
urltoken
> length < / a > and < a href =
urltoken
> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence . it is useful for tracking sequence updates . < / p > < p > it should be noted that while , in theory , two different sequences could have the same checksum value , the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low . < / p > < p > however uniprotkb may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes ( paralogs ) . < / p > < p > the checksum is computed as the sequence 64 - bit cyclic redundancy check value ( crc64 ) using the generator polynomial : x < sup > 64 < / sup > + x < sup > 4 < / sup > + x < sup > 3 < / sup > + x + 1 . the algorithm is described in the iso 3309 standard . < / p > < p class =
publication
> press w . h . , flannery b . p . , teukolsky s . a . and vetterling w . t . < br / > < strong > cyclic redundancy and other checksums < / strong > < br / > < a href =
urltoken
> numerical recipes in c 2nd ed . , pp896 - 902 , cambridge university press ( 1993 ) < / a > ) < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘sequence’ section is used for sequence fragments to indicate that the residue at the extremity of the sequence is not the actual terminal residue in the complete protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / non _ ter ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =
urltoken
> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called ‘primary ( citable ) accession number’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( ‘last modified’ ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
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max length : 32 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9812 ) ; common length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9812 )
marine ; freshwater ; brackish ; demersal ; catadromous ( ref . 97775 ) ; depth range 0 - 5 m ( ref . 86942 )
pd 50 = 0 . 6250 many relatives ( e . g . carps ) 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 few relatives ( e . g . lungfishes )
medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . )
eyes : two bulbous eyes on stalks sit either side of the rostrum . these are compound eyes which have panoramic vision and are very good at detecting movement .
chela : the first two pairs of pereiopods have claws or chela . the chela can grasp food items and bring them to the mouth . they can also be used for fighting and grooming .
nearly every student in a business or psychology degree program is exposed to maslow’s hierarchy of needs , represented by this graphic . the bottom tier is universal to every human . as one moves up the pyramid , the needs become less urgent , less universal .
what one eats becomes part of their culture : rebecca looks at a plate of pinakbet , with lots of stinky bagoong the same way that i look at a dish of hush puppies or chicago pizza . each is part of our respective culture .
the mystique surrounding the ludong is centered around its’ reputation as being “fit for a president’s meal” ( part of the lore surrounding the fish is that marcos demanded it frequently for important dinners as an indigenous cuisine . remember , marcos was from ilocos , and probably grew up eating the fish ) . the fish itself is very difficult to catch , and is virtually never caught in any significant quantity . it is currently the most expensive fish in the philippines , currently selling at a market price of p4 , 000 to p5 , 000 per kilogram . the remoteness of the cagayan valley also contributes to its’ scarcity , as the fish spoils rapidly , given the tropical heat and difficulty transporting it to market . like anything else , supply and demand drive the price . since ludong forms part of the cultural heritage of the cagayan valley , the demand is there . however , high market prices and the scarcity of the fish encourage illegal fishing or overfishing .
rebecca’s remembers that ludong season was part of the family’s annual rituals : a tradition that has nearly disappeared . ludong was always regarded as a delicacy in the cagayan valley , normally a celebration or special ingredient , given the difficulty of catching the fish . it is normally prepared in sinigang as the main ingredient , with aubergines and tamarind , or roasted with calamansi in banana leaves ( wrapped as a parcel ) , or as the main ingredient in a variation of pinakbet , with aubergines , calabaza ( sometimes the flowers ) , and bagoong .
the denr now regulates the fishing of ludong , prohibiting it during the spawning migration . however , the fines for violations are miniscule ( only p200 ) , which is not much disincentive when compared with the high market prices the fish commands . unfortunately , there is often very little way to distinguish catching a fish for subsistence or for cultural identity and catching a fish for profit . this is the same issue that governments have struggled with in other locations in the world , such as seal or whale hunting by inuits in canada . the need for conservation must take priority , yet fulfilling that need means that yet another tiny part of the culture becomes lost forever .
john miele is a citizen of the world , having spent time in many locations around the globe . currently , he finds himself in manila , but travels throughout the philippines . john joined the live in the philippines web magazine in mid - 2008 .
the obvious fish related cultural difference that i tease marie about is the consumption of beautiful tropical fish . we have a large aquarium on one of the terraces that is the home of goggle eyed goldfish . on the dinner plate there are beautiful tropical fish . so i tease her about eating the gwapo fish and admiring the panget fish . that and the fish head eating .
tom : rebecca’s favorite dish is curried fish head… it seems that the head is the choicest piece for true conniseurs .
i am of the opinion that the taste acquired from childhood is a powerful remembrance of one’s native home , and will always prevail over other considerations for the rest of that person’s life . how true the adage that you can take the filipino out of his country , but you can never take the filipino - ness in him . the filipino’s “want” , for tuyo , for example , maybe attributed to his longing for home as much as satisfying a gnawing craving , however far away from home and lofty his status may have become this want is a cultural manifestation ingrained so deep in almost
hudson : from what i understand , the breeding cycle has proven to be what is complicating things .
interesting article , john . i have never heard of ludong until now . i wonder why they are having a hard time raising / farming ludong . i would think if they can farm salmon , they can find a way to raise and farm ludong .
miss august : they haven’t had much success…so far . though the fish are similar , duplicating what happens in nature is pretty difficult .
hi john – brilliant read and so much food for thought ( no pun intended ) . yes it’s easy to sit in an ivory tower and pontificate about what to do and not to do when money is no object . but when one falls to the ground and survival is the main object in life viewpoints surely change . yes maslow did feature when i did my post graduate degree in human resource management and development . if all could differentiate been needs and wants life would be much simpler for all . regards . jim .
jim ; totally agree with you… i’ve found that with most issues , very seldom is everything totally black or white . it is sad what has happened , but it is hard to find fault with a fisherman who is merely trying to feed his family .
alex : rebecca and her family love it… they said it is a question of aroma more than taste , per se .
it seems to me that if a group of people really wanted to preserve their cultural tradition with respect to the consumption of ludong , it should have learned long ago how to strike a balance between subsistence and conservation . apparently in this case , the people realized too late that they are their own enemy . but , as is always the case , man tends to be wasteful , or is lacking in discipline , when there is a perceived abundance of a resource . perhaps it’s time to bring in japanese expertise on the farming of this endangered species .
ricardo : that is far too simplistic and only looks from one angle . if you say that it is ignorance only from the side of the fishermen , what about those who demand the fish in the market and drive up the prices ? you see the same effect on fish species all over the world… look at how many species are decimated by consumer demand for frozen fish sticks .
john , i agree that it is a shared blame all around ; however , what is done is done , and the clock can never be turned back . but in order to reverse the loss and to have some success at regeneration , i think the denr has to mete out a more serious penalty than its current p200 for anyone breaking the moratorium , don’t you think ?


coenonympha nipisiquit , the maritime ringlet , is a rare butterfly in the family nymphalidae .

it is a " species at risk " in canada due to water pollution and its limited range .

its range is restricted in canada from new brunswick to quebec .

coenonympha nipisiquit

ecological factors affecting the flight phenology of the endangered coenonympha nipisiquit ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae ) .
ecological factors affecting the flight phenology of the endangered coenonympha nipisiquit ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
recovery strategy for the maritime ringlet ( coenonympha nipisiquit ) in canada [ final ]
( 2012 - 10 - 23 ) ( pdf format , 2 , 987 . 12 kb )
recovery strategy for the maritime ringlet ( coenonympha nipisiquit ) in canada [ proposed ]
( 2011 - 06 - 29 ) ( pdf format , 2 , 841 . 87 kb )
the maritime ringlet is a dark - appearing butterfly in which the males have dark orange - brown wings with the central part of the forewing slightly paler orange brown . females are pale orange brown , darker than those of the
. on the underside the pale median band contrasts with the dark grey - brown ground colour . about 30 per cent of males and almost all females have a pale - bordered black spot with a silver pupil near the forewing apex on the underside . wingspan : 32 to 36
the maritime ringlet is restricted to salt marshes in chaleur bay between quebec and new brunswick . there are three colonies near bathurst , new brunswick , two near miguasha , quebec , and one near
) , and over winter as a half - grown second - instar larvae .
abundance : this species is common to abundant in the few salt marshes where it occurs .
isolated in chaleur bay , but fieldwork in the area by reginald webster suggests that the maritime ringlet is a distinct species . in the past 20 years the range of the common ringlet has expanded through new brunswick to the chaleur bay area , and the two taxa occur in close proximity but remain distinct . the maritime ringlet feeds only on salt - meadow cordgrass . it is distinct in colour from
, which often flies in old fields on higher ground just a few metres away and never enters the salt marshes . the common ringlet in this area flies from mid - june to mid - july , and the maritime ringlet from late july to late august . even in southern new brunswick , which has much milder summers than bathurst , second - generation common ringlets are very rarely seen , and then only in september .
the maritime ringlet has recently been placed on the new brunswick endangered species list because of the extremely limited and vulnerable habitat in which it is found .
© 2002 . this material is reproduced with permission from the butterflies of canada by ross a . layberry , peter w . hall , and j . donald lafontaine . university of toronto press ; 1998 . specimen photos courtesy of john t . fowler .
) is a small ( wing span 32–36 mm ) tan to orange brown–coloured butterfly that is one of only two butterflies in canada with a life cycle entirely limited to a salt marsh habitat . it is listed as endangered under schedule 1 of the
in appendix a , minor changes were made to the coordinates of the polygon containing critical habitat for forillon national park and to the associated map .
recovery planning environment and climate change canada 15th floor , place vincent massey 351 st . joseph blvd . gatineau , qc k1a 0h3 send e - mail
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département de biologie , université de moncton , moncton , new brunswick , e1a 3e9 , canada ( ebc0227 @ umoncton . ca ; gaetan . moreau @ umoncton . ca ) .
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description : maritime ringlet is very similar to common ringlet . both sexes are more darkly colored than the same sex in common ringlet , however female maritime ringlets are just slightly paler than male common ringlets . maritime ringlet is browner beneath than common ringlet . the best way to distinguish these two species is by habitat association and flight period . maritime ringlet flies from late july to early august and rarely strays from its salt marsh habitat . common ringlet flies from early june to late july , with a second brood in mid august and can be found in a variety of field habitats . wingspan : 32 to 36 mm .
maritime distribution : the entire global range is limited to a handful of salt marshes in new brunswick and quebec around chaleur bay . for atlas results click here .
provincial ranks : nb : s1 . ns : - . pei : - .
notes : the maritime ringlet is one of canada’s few endemic species . it is listed as endangered both federally and provincially because of its limited global range and the sensitivity of its saltmarsh habitat to threats like sea level rise . where it is found it is usually common , and owing to its propensity to visit sea lavender ( limonium carolinianum ) flowers , easy to observe .
the maritimes butterfly atlas was made possible through funding from environment canada ' s ecoaction community funding program , new brunswick wildlife trust fund , the gosling foundation , nb power corporation , new brunswick department of natural resources , td friends of the environment foundation and prince edward island department of environment , energy and forestry . © 2016 atlantic canada conservation data centre français | mba home | accdc home


muraena robusta is a moray eel found in the eastern and central atlantic ocean .

it reaches a maximum length of 150 centimeters , or roughly 5 feet .

it is commonly known as the stout moray .

muraena robusta

identifying the stout moray ,
muraena robusta
. this video was taken by dave conley of the volusia county reef research dive team . uncommon species to volusia county .
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cfm script by eagbayani , 12 . 10 . 04 , php script by rolavides , 05 / 02 / 08 , last modified by cgarilao , 13 / 05 / 08
marine ; demersal ; depth range 0 - 45 m ( ref . 2683 ) . tropical ; 21°n - 18°s
eastern atlantic : mauritania to namibia , including cape verde and probably the islands of the bay of biafra . western central atlantic : colombia ( ref . 5217 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 150 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4450 ) ; common length : 100 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5217 )
very large , 1 . 9 m , pattern of large dark spots with dark blotch around gill opening ( ref . 26938 ) .
inhabits shallow water and feeds on crustaceans and fishes ( ref . 3254 ) .
smith , d . g . and e . b . böhlke , 1990 . muraenidae . p . 136 - 148 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 1 . ( ref . 4450 )
) : 25 - 28 , mean 27 . 3 ( based on 208 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5010 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00112 ( 0 . 00054 - 0 . 00233 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 2 . 89 - 3 . 25 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 65 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : very low , minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : very high vulnerability ( 78 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
is widely distributed and common where it occurs over reef habitat . there are no known major threats , therefore , it is listed as least concern .
this species is distributed across the atlantic ocean . in the eastern atlantic it is known from mauritania to angola , including the cape verde islands and sao tome and principe islands . in the western atlantic it has been recorded from north carolina south along the u . s . to southeastern florida and in the caribbean sea from panama ( colon ) and colombia ( santa marta ) ( cervigon et al . 1992 , r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) . its depth range is zero to 70 m .
this species is considered uncommon off north carolina and florida ( usa ) , panama , and in the eastern atlantic off west africa . it is extremely rare in the western north atlantic ( k . tighe pers . comm . 2011 ) .
this benthic species inhabits coral and rocky reefs at depths between zero to 70 m . it feeds on crustaceans and fishes ( bohlke 1981 ) .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gymnothorax galetae rubinoff , 1966 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gymnothorax nevezi roux , 1957 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murenophis robustus ( osório , 1911 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
ella mai – boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo
inhabits shallow water and feeds on crustaceans and fishes ( ref . 3254 ) .
eastern atlantic : mauritania to namibia , including cape verde and probably the islands of the bay of biafra western central atlantic : colombia ( ref . 5217 )
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
böhlke , e . b . , j . e . böhlke , m . m . leiby , j . e . mccosker , et al . / böhlke , eugenia b . , ed .
fishes of the western north atlantic , no . 1 , pt . 9 , vol . 1
special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3
nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .
full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams
robins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea , and w . b . scott . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . american fisheries society , special publication 20 . 183 pp .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
nelson , j . s . , e . j . crossman , h . espinosa - perez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , and j . d . williams . 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , special publication 29 , bethesda , maryland . 386 pp .
page , l . m . , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , n . e . mandrak , r . l . mayden , and j . s . nelson . 2013 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . seventh edition . american fisheries society , special publication 34 , bethesda , maryland .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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range : eastern atlantic ocean : mauritania to namibia , including cape verde , and western atlantic ocean : north carolina south to southeastern florida and the caribbean to colombia .
natural environment : inhabits coral and rocky reefs at depths between 3 to about 200 feet ( 1 – 60 m ) and stays under rocks and / or in caves during daytime and hunts prey during evening hours when it feeds mainly on smaller fishes and crustaceans .
general husbandry : has a tannish brown body with darker brown patches and a black patch around the gill area . not collected for the trade .
fyi : shown here for identification only . unsuitable for home aquariums . best left in the wild .
the material on this site may not be reproduced , distributed , transmitted , cached or otherwise used , except with the prior written permission of bob goemans .


the gould 's emerald ( chlorostilbon elegans ) is an extinct species of hummingbird in the trochilidae family .

it was described based on a single specimen taken in 1860 ; it is of unknown origin , but jamaica or the bahamas are likely sources .

except for the type specimen , there are no records , and it is presumed extinct .

while there is no information about the exact cause of extinction , the likely reasons include the loss of habitat or required food plants , and predation by introduced mammals .

gould ' s emerald

the gould ' s emerald hummingbird was described by gould from a single specimen . it is presumed extinct . more
information on gould ' s emerald is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the gould ' s emerald hummingbird was described by gould from a single specimen . it is presumed extinct . photographed by harry taylor , 2009 .
the gould ' s emerald is classified as extinct ( ex ) , there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died .
bracei ) bahamas ( 1800s ) gould ' s emerald ( chlorostilbon elegans ) carribean ( 1800s ) . . . . urltoken encyclopedia4u - sibley - monroe checklist 5 - encyclopedia article : . . . ricordii cuban emerald ; chlorostilbon bracei brace ' s emerald ; chlorostilbon swainsonii hispaniolan emerald ; chlorostilbon maugaeus . . . urltoken extinct birds : brace ' s emerald , chlorostilbon bracei ( bahamas 1900 ) ; gould ' s emerald , chlorostilbon elegans ( jamaica & bahamas 1900 ) . kingfishers , woodpeckers , etc . . . . urltoken earth witness community - extinct animals page one : kona grosbeak . more
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
karibiansmaragdikolibri
to
chlorostilbon elegans ( gould , 1860 )
.
information on gould ' s emerald is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly . authentication - this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken references - 1 . iucn red list ( january , 2010 ) http : / / www . iucnredlist . more
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, described from a single specimen ( in tring ) by gould in 1860 , was recently shown by weller ( 1999 ) to be a valid species , presumably extinct , and possibly ( by inference ) from jamaica or the north bahamas .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
brooks , t . 2000 . extinct species . in : birdlife international ( ed . ) , threatened birds of the world , pp . 701 - 708 . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona and cambridge , u . k .
justification : this taxon is known from one specimen , probably from jamaica , taken in 1860 . it is now extinct , likely due to deforestation or predation by introduced species .
nothing is known , though it is likely to be typical for the genus .
reasons for its extinction are difficult to infer , though the extinction of its preferred food plants or habitat through deforestation , or predation by introduced mammals may be responsible .
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classified as extinct ( ex ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
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this taxon is known from one specimen , probably from jamaica , taken in 1860 . it is now extinct , likely due to deforestation or predation by introduced species .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : chlorostilbon elegans . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
distribution maps should be very cautiously looked at . they do not provide with precise location but only give an idea of species global distribution . distribution areas are geopolitical ; as a consequence the whole of a country is selected if a species is only located in one single place . for more precise distribution areas please go to iucn site ( see link above ) .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
chlorostilbon elegans : formerly the caribbean ; extinct . distribution unknown , possibly occurred on jamaica or in the bahamas . known from a single specimen from 1860
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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trichopsocus clarus is a species of psocoptera from trichopsocidae family that can be found in united kingdom and ireland .

it can also be found on azores , canary islands , in finland , france , germany , italy , latvia , madeira , poland , portugal , spain , sweden , switzerland , and the netherlands .

the species are either yellow or orange coloured .

it is also found in australia and new zealand

trichopsocus clarus

trichopsocus clarus , based on range . would have to see up cose to be 100 % sure .
lienhard & courtenay smithers . 2002 . psocoptera ( insecta ) world catalogue and bibliography > > note : catalog > > trichopsocus clarus
golub , n . v . 2003 . entomologicheskoe obozrenie 82 ( 1 ) > > note : anat . > > trichopsocus clarus
trichopsocus clarus . one can almost make out the
areola postica long and low
as opposed ( t . dalii )
semi - circular
.
saville , b . , alexander , dolling & p . kirby . 2005 . entomologist ' s record 117 > > note : great britain > > trichopsocus clarus
saville , r . e . , alexander & m . oldfield . 2008 . entomologist’s record 120 > > note : great britain : ( fig . ) > > trichopsocus clarus
golub , n . v . & nunes . 2007 . comparative cytogenetics 1 ( 2 ) > > note : madeira : ( cytol . , anat . ) > > trichopsocus clarus
alexander . 2009 . devonshire association for the advancement of science literature and the arts report and transactions 141 : 359 - 360 > > note : new record . > > trichopsocus clarus
lienhard . 2003 . in klausnitzer . gesamtübersicht zur insektenfauna deutschlands . entomologische nachrichten und berichte 47 ( 2 ) : ( pp . 54 - 71 ) > > note : germany > > trichopsocus clarus
new . 2005 . handbooks for the identification of british insects vol . 1 , part 7 : iv + 146 pp . , 334 figs . > > note : great britain > > trichopsocus clarus
saville , b . [ = r . e . ] , alexander , bratton , clemons & g . m . e . oldfield . 2007 . entomologist’s record 119 > > note : great britain > > trichopsocus clarus
baz & zurita . 2001 . in izquierdo , j . l . martin , zurita & arechavaleta [ ed . ] . lista de especies silvestres de canarias ( hongos , plantas y animales terrestres ) ( pp . 179 - 180 ) > > note : canary islands > > trichopsocus clarus
baz & zurita . 2004 . in izquierdo , j . l . martin , zurita & arechavaleta [ ed . ] . lista de especies silvestres de canarias ( hongos , plantas y animales terrestres ) 2004 ( pp . 188 - 190 ) > > note : canary islands > > trichopsocus clarus
baz . 2008 . in borges , abreu , a . m . f . aguiar , p . carvalho , jardim , melo , oliveira , sergio , serrano & p . vieira [ ed . ] . a list of the terrestrial fungi , flora and fauna of madeira and selvagens archipelagos . ( pp . 296 - 297 ) > > note : madeira > > trichopsocus clarus
banks , n . 1908 . transactions of the american entomological society 34 : 258 > > note : usa > > caecilius clarus urn : lsid : psocodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 5259
baz & borges . 2005 . in borges , cunha , gabriel , a . f . martins , l . silva & v . vieira [ ed . ] . a list of the terrestrial fauna ( mollusca and arthropoda ) and flora ( bryophyta , pteridophyta and spermatophyta ) from the azores . direcção regional do ambiente and universidade dos açores , horta , angra do heroismo and ponta delgada ( p . 189 ) > > note : azores > > trichopsocus clarus
chapman , p . j . 1930 . journal of the new york entomological society 38 ( 4 ) : 334 > > note : usa > > pseudocaecilius clarus urn : lsid : psocodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 5260
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summary : has been found mainly on branches of conifers / evergreens but also found on deciduous trees and bushes ( no records from trunks ) .
deciduous branches : alder , beech , blackthorn , elder , oak and sallow .
conifer / evergreen branches : cedar , holly , holm oak , ivy , nutmeg - tree ( torreya ) , pine , rhododendron , yellow - wood ( podocarpus ) and yew .
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
contributed by edward l . ruden on 3 december , 2017 - 6 : 09pm
technical reports of the australian museum , no . 2 , pp . 1 - 82 , 1990
contributed by edward l . ruden on 18 february , 2017 - 10 : 23pm
if you are really interested in
psocoptera
this book is very useful . even though it is in french , the illustrations are extremely good and very helpful with difficult identifications . i could not function without it .
google books link : urltoken publisher ' s description : north american psocoptera provides a complete review of the 28 families , 78 genera and 287 species of the order psocoptera found in the united states and canada . this comprehensive book contains keys to all of the known taxa of psocoptera which have been found in the study area , including three genera named as new . not only are the native and established species included , but also those which have been taken at ports of entry in human commerce . the book contains differential diagnoses of the taxa above species level .
contributed by john f . carr on 29 january , 2009 - 1 : 08pm
to be released august 11 , 2018 . promises to be a great book !
miscellaneous insects : the cottony cushion - scale ( icerya purchasi maskell ) , order hemiptera ; family coccidae .
riley c . v . , 1886 . miscellaneous insects : the cottony cushion - scale ( icerya purchasi maskell ) , order hemiptera ; family coccidae . report of the commissioner of agriculture : report of the entomologist , 1886 : 466 - 492
british museum ( natural history ) . department of zoology , 1 : 1 - 658 , 1852
valley center , san diego county , california , usa june 20 , 2017 size : apx . 4 mm
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scooped out of pond water , this insect is on my left pinky finger . it looks like a green lacewing . flowing joyce ' s suggestion i ' ve been looking at order psocoptera . the closest thing i can see looks is tom murray ' s excellent photo of a green - eyed barklouse - xanthocaecilius quillayute , which is not identicle . see the comments below !
just wanted to give a public thank you for all you have done for our barklice images ! we are very appreciative of your expertise . let us know how we can return the favor : - )
thanks eric that is really kind though i do feel the pleasure is largely mine . these images are helping to get me though a cold gray winter . there are many species here that i would never see if it was not for bug guide and its users . all i ask it that people keep submitting the neat things they discover .
philip , and john . it ' s interesting to see how you approached the identification , i will try to incorporate these ideas in the future . it seems like seeing the differences is at least as important as recognizing the similarities of different species . it may be a long time before i get a feel for it , but that ' s what makes it interesting . i ' m really thankful for the id . this one was very hard for me !
i ' m new to this so i am trying to judge wing veins and stuff like that . notice in tom ' s image where the wing connects to the body , there are 3 cells that meet like slices of pie . as the center slice of pie goes away from the connection in tom ' s image it curves up to the top of the wing , making a shape like
ye olden time plow
. on this image as the center slice of pie goes away from the wing connection it just rounds off makeing a shape like
ye olden slice of pie
. : - )
i thought i noticed some differences too , but i will have to look more closely at the one you pointed out . it would be a wild stroke of luck if i found the right genus , even . barklice are completely new to me . probably i should stay away from such insects , as their size makes them tricky to photograph , but when you see something new and different . . . who can resist ?
they ' re good pictures and they will likely get a more specific id . actually , if you look at your second image , the veins i was talking about look to curve up to the wing edge making a plow shape , similar to tom ' s image . it probably is tricky , for us non - experts , trying to figure out what belongs to the front wing and what belongs to the hind wing . i was just trying to add to the discussion , not to discourage you ! philosophical side though - it ' s funny though , everyone tries to fit their image into one of the species that already exists , when in fact the real jackpot is when it doesn ' t and you have something new ! like the cool fly you added a couple of days ago . i don ' t know which you have , but i bet one of the experts will .
i believe you are right , though . there seemed to be more than one of them in the water , and they did not appear to be there by choice as the could not swim or walk on the surface . it really is similar ( aside from size ) to a green lacewing i encountered not too long ago . there was also an interesting insect that hopped on the surface , several inches at a time , however it was less than 0 . 5mm , and beyond my ability to get a picture of .
i think it is possible that what i saw was a type of globular springtail . it was frustrating not getting a single good picture of one in ( on ) the water . it was a surprise to see them hop !
; long established in ca ( ed mockford , pers . comm . to = v = 12 / 01 / 09 )
johnson k . p . , smith v . s . ( 2013 ) psocodea species file online . version 5 . 0
psocodea species file ( version 5 . 0 / 5 . 0 ) home search taxa key help wiki
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medem . 1951 . zoologische jahrbücher ( abteilung systematik ) 79 : 591 - 613 > > note : germany ( in greenhouse ) other references : ( biol . )
obr . 1959 . in kratochvil [ ed . ] . klic zvireny csr iii . 229 - 241 > > note : czechoslovakia
broadhead . 1964 . a check list of british insects . 2nd ed . > > note : great britain
wlodarczyk . 1968 . gryzki - psocoptera . part xviii : 40 pp . , 1 map . > > note : poland
günther . 1974 . die tierwelt deutschlands . 61 : 314 pp . , 437 figs . > > note : germany
martini , julitta . 1975 . klucze do oznaczania owadow polski . ( keys for the identification of polish insects ) . xiv . gryzki - psocoptera . 85 : 56 pp . , 76 figs . > > note : poland
badonnel . 1976 . annales du musée royal de l ' afrique centrale , sciences zoologiques 215 > > note : saint helena ( morph . ) .
obr . 1977 . acta faunistica entomologica musei nationalis pragae 15 , suppl . 4 > > note : czechoslovakia
badonnel . 1977 . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle ( 3 ) ( 478 ) , zool . 335 > > note : mascarene islands
badonnel . 1977 . bulletin de la société entomologique de france 82 ( 5 - 6 ) > > note : other references : ( morph . )
schneider , n . 1979 . bulletin et annales de la société royale belge d ' entomologie 115 > > note : other references : ( not belgium ! ) .
meinander . 1984 . in hulden [ ed . ] . notulae entomologicae 64 : 12 - 13 > > note : finland
baz . 1989 . los psocopteros ( insecta : psocoptera ) del sistema iberico meridional . 230 pp . , figs i . 1 - v . 8 > > note : portugal spain
baz . 1989 . boletim da sociedade portuguesa de entomologia 4 ( ( 4 ) ( no . 106 ) ) > > note : azores madeira
martini , julitta . 1990 . in razowski [ ed . ] . wykaz zwierzat polski tom . 1 , czesc 32 / 1 - 20 . : 59 - 61 > > note : poland
smithers , courtenay & o ' connor . 1991 . irish naturalists’ journal 23 ( 12 ) > > note : ireland
mockford . 1993 . north american psocoptera ( insecta ) . 10 : xviii + 455 pp . , 953 figs . > > note : widespread in coastal regions , sometimes in greenhouses . review usa peru
baz . 1993 . rivista del museo civico di scienze naturali e . caffi , bergamo 16 > > note : italy
schneider , n . & lienhard . 1995 . in minelli , a . , ruffo & la posta [ ed . ] . checklist delle specie della fauna italiana . > > note : italy
smithers , courtenay , o ' connor & j . v . peters . 1999 . irish naturalists journal 26 ( 7 / 8 ) > > note : ireland
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borges , paulo a . v . , gaspar , clara , crespo , luis carlos fonseca , rigal , francois , cardoso , pedro , pereira , fernando , rego , carla , 2016 , new records and detailed distribution and abundance of selected arthropod species collected between 1999 and 2011 in azorean native forests , biodiversity data journal 4 , pp . 10948 - 10948 : 10948
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
aromas , san benito county , california , usa august 31 , 2008 size : ~ 2mm .
collected in our yard from arctostaphylos tomentosa crustacea by using a sweeping net . a slightly smaller specimen , collected at the same time and likely the same species as . ( live oak / chaparral habitat ) .
for the confirmation . i ' ve corrected the date , the 31 dec 1969 date is the default that appears if the date is entered incorrectly .
aromas , san benito county , california , usa august 31 , 2008 size : ~ 3mm .
collected in our yard from arctostaphylos tomentosa crustacea by using a sweeping net . looks very similar to . ( live oak / chaparral habitat ) .
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all identifications on this page have been made as accurately as possible . corrections ? please contact me . . .
seperated into two distinct sub - orders . those you find on walls or trees , or even leaf - litter , are likely to be
' link below each article to return here to choose another species , or continue scrolling up and down for others .
almost certain id by bob saville , though as he suggests an underside shot would confirm , though apparently wing veins help .
- a good find ! i actually found four all on the same day . id by bob saville who runs the uk ' s recording scheme . my images represet this species on the site ' s gallery .
loensia sp . can be little difficult to id . wing veins help , but in some cases the density of the pattern obscures it .