angwantibos are the two species of strepsirrhine primates that are classified in the genus arctocebus of the family lorisidae .

they are also known as golden pottos because of their yellow or golden coloration .

angwantibos live in tropical africa and their range includes nigeria , cameroon north of the democratic republic of congo .

angwantibos grow to a size of 22 to 30 cm , and have almost no tail at all .

they only weigh up to 0.5 kg .

their fur is yellow brown to golden in color .

their snout is more pointed than that of the other lorids and this , along with their round ears , gives it the bear-like appearance that lends them their name in german : bärenmaki , " bear lemur " .

solitary , nocturnal and arboreal , they prefer the underbrush and the lower layers of the forests .

they spend the day hidden in the leaves .

like all lorisids they are characterized by slow movements .

the diet of angwantibos consists predominantly of insects ( mostly caterpillars ) , and occasionally fruits .

owing to their careful movements and their good sense of smell , they can quietly stalk and close-in on their prey and catch it with a lightning-quick movement .

the males mate with all available females whose territory overlaps with theirs .

copulation takes place hanging onto a branch .

gestation lasts 130 days and births are of a single offspring .

the juvenile clasps itself first to the belly of the mother and later she may park her offspring on a branch while she goes searching for food .

within three to four months the young are weaned , at about six months it leaves its mother , and at an age of eight to ten months it becomes fully mature .

the life expectancy of angwantibos is at most 13 years .

a subplot in gerald durrell 's first book the overloaded ark centres on his attempts to secure an angwantibo for zoological study .

angwantibo

calabar angwantibo - arctocebus calabarensis the calabar angwantibo is found in cameroon and nigeria . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
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the golden angwantibo is closely related to the calabar angwantibo , arctocebus calabarensis , and was previously considered a subspecies of the latter . however , it can be distinguished by its smaller size , more slender build and shorter , brighter red - orange fur ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .
the golden angwantibo is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) .
the calabar angwantibo ( arctocebus calabarensis ) , also known as the calabar potto , is a strepsirrhine primate of the family lorisidae . it shares the genus arctocebus with the golden angwantibo ( arctocebus aureus ) . it is closely related to the potto ( perodicticus potto ) and to the various lorises . the calabar angwantibo lives in the rain forests of west africa , particularly in tree - fall zones . in areas where the forest has been cleared , it has been known to live on farmland .
the main threat to the golden angwantibo is habitat loss , due to logging and cultivation ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 7 ) . in addition , although it is thought to be too small and cryptic to face much danger from human hunters ( 4 ) , traps are not selective , meaning the golden angwantibo may be threatened by traps set for other species , particularly in light of its habit of coming down to the ground ( 8 ) . the opening up of previously inaccessible areas for logging may lead to increased hunting pressure ( 9 ) , and there may also be indirect effects of poaching of other species ; for example , forest elephants help create the areas of secondary growth favoured by the golden angwantibo , and the loss of these elephants may therefore reduce golden angwantibo habitat ( 8 ) . the relatively limited distribution of the golden angwantibo makes it more vulnerable to these threats than more widespread species ( 10 ) .
the golden angwantibo ( arctocebus aureus ) is a small , nocturnal primate with thick , woolly fur , which , as its name suggests , is golden - red or orange in colour . the underparts are creamy or greyish , and fine guard hairs on the back , shoulders and haunches have crinkled tips , giving the fur a frosted appearance . the head is rounded , with a pointed , narrow muzzle , the ears are small and rounded , and the eyes are large , giving the golden angwantibo excellent night vision ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . the golden angwantibo has no tail , and , instead , its extremely powerful grip , made possible by a specialised arrangement of blood vessels in the wrists and ankles , aids it in moving securely through the trees ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . in common with other loridae ( lorises , pottos and angwantibos ) , the golden angwantibo has nails on all digits except for the second digit of each foot , which possesses a ‘toilet claw’ , used in grooming ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . interestingly , the index finger is reduced to a mere stub ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .
the golden angwantibo has a widespread but patchy distribution in the tropical forests of west africa , in cameroon , congo , gabon , equatorial guinea , angola and central african republic ( 1 ) ( 4 ) . it occurs south of the sanaga river in cameroon , and east as far as the congo and ubangui rivers in congo ( 7 ) .
…but much smaller primates called angwantibo s ( arctocebus calabarensis and a . aureus ) live only in the rainforests of west - central africa . they measure 24 cm ( 9 . 5 inches ) long and are yellowish in colour , with a long , thin snout . like the potto , they are tailless , but the third finger as well as the…
active mainly at night , the golden angwantibo sleeps by day in thick foliage or in the shelter of tree crevices . it moves through the trees on all fours , using a slow , deliberate , ‘hand - over - hand’ movement , and crosses between trees by stretching between terminal branches , rather than by leaping or jumping ( 2 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . on the ground , the golden angwantibo shows a unique defensive behaviour . if threatened , it stands with limbs rigid , widely spaced and fully extended , and the head tucked into the chest . if touched , it may lunge at the attacker from between the legs , with a quick , slashing bite ( 4 ) . alternatively , when in the trees , it may simply roll into a ball while clinging tightly to a branch ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the golden angwantibo feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates , particularly caterpillars , which it supplements with fruit ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 7 ) . it may even rear onto its hind legs and use the hands to catch moths in flight ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . the golden angwantibo eats many unpalatable and even poisonous invertebrates ( 4 ) , and is thought to have an unusually slow metabolism which may allow undesirable chemicals to be neutralised in the gut ( 6 ) . although mainly solitary , the golden angwantibo may occasionally meet with other individuals with whom its home range overlaps ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . most communication is through scent ( 4 ) ( 6 ) , particularly through urine marks ( 7 ) . the female gives birth twice a year , to a single infant ( 1 ) , after a gestation of between 131 and 136 days . births may occur at any time of year , but are most often recorded during the wet season ( 7 ) . the infant clings to the female’s belly for the first three to four months , after which it is weaned , and begins to follow the female or ride on her back . individuals become sexually mature at around eight to ten months and may live for up to thirteen years ( 2 ) .
the golden angwantibo is listed on appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , meaning international trade in the species should be carefully controlled ( 3 ) . it is also protected by law in gabon , and is listed under class b of the african convention , which only allows it to be legally hunted , killed or captured with special authorisation ( 1 ) ( 11 ) . it is presumed to occur in a number of the new national parks in gabon ( 1 ) , and its ability to live in secondary forest may help the golden angwantibo to survive in habitats that have been disturbed by humans ( 2 ) . however , the species is difficult to census thoroughly because of its nocturnal and secretive habits , and it has been understudied in the wild , meaning more research is needed to more fully understand the ecology and social organisation of this poorly known primate ( 10 ) and to better establish its true conservation status ( 1 ) .
the golden angwantibo inhabits moist evergreen , lowland forest , preferring areas with fallen trees or young secondary growth . it is generally found in the understorey , below five metres , and may also venture onto the forest floor in search of food . it avoids climbing higher than about 15 metres , where the risk of predation , competition with birds , and exposure to wind and sun is higher , and also avoids climbing larger branches which its small , narrow hands and feet are not suited to grasping ( 4 ) ( 7 ) .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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authenticated ( 12 / 10 / 10 ) by dr elizabeth pimley , senior ecologist , worcestershire wildlife consultancy . urltoken
evergreen forest forest consisting mainly of evergreen trees , which retain leaves all year round . this is in contrast to deciduous trees , which completely lose their leaves for part of the year . gestation the state of being pregnant ; the period from conception to birth . guard hair in some mammals , long , coarse hairs that protect the softer layer of fur below . home range the area occupied by an animal during routine activities , which is not actively defended . invertebrates animals with no backbone . nocturnal active at night . secondary forest forest that has re - grown after a major disturbance , such as fire or timber harvest , but has not yet reached the mature state of primary forest . subspecies a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species , but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species .
nowak , r . m . ( 1991 ) walker’s mammals of the world . the johns hopkins university press , baltimore and london .
kingdon , j . ( 1997 ) the kingdon field guide to african mammals . academic press , london .
ankel - simons , f . ( 1999 ) primate anatomy : an introduction . academic press , san diego , california .
macdonald , d . w . ( 2006 ) the encyclopedia of mammals . oxford university press , oxford .
blom , a . , alers , m . p . t . , feistner , a . t . c . , barnes , r . f . w . and barnes , k . l . ( 1992 ) primates in gabon - current status and distribution . oryx , 26 ( 4 ) : 223 - 234 .
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mittermeier , r . a . , rylands , a . b . and wilson d . e . 2013 . handbook of the mammals of the world : volume 3 primates . lynx edicions , barcelona .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its tolerance of some degree of habitat modification and since it persists quite well in secondary degraded forest . however , in eastern nigeria , there is some hunting pressure which if continues unabated may place this species in a higher category of threat .
this species is found in western equatorial africa , with a very patchy and localised distribution within the lowland rainforest block between the niger river and the sanaga river in nigeria and cameroon .
a cryptic species that is thought to be locally abundant within its patchy distribution . originally , they were particularly adapted to clearings in the forest and towards the forest edge .
confined to areas of very dense , low undergrowth with abundant lianas and vines within the understorey of primary , secondary , and coastal rainforest . this species particularly favours the growth that springs up in clearings , trees falls , and along forest edges . wherever it is already established , small - scale clearances , selective tree - felling , and road - making probably favour this species . in such areas it is likely to become abundant in thickets and patches of dense secondary growth . it feeds mainly on caterpillars ( which are found by smell ) , and also on beetles and fruits . this species is able to produce two young in a year .
major threats are habitat destruction from forestry and clearance for cultivation , as well as some hunting for meat in nigeria . this species will not be affected by low - level habitat disturbance , since it is able to inhabit secondary forests as long as dense undergrowth remains and inter - tree distance are not too great . however , broader clearances ( e . g . those made for plantations , clear - felling , and agriculture ) are likely to eliminate it because of its weak capacity to disperse .
this species is listed as class b under the african convention , and under appendix ii of cites . it is known to occur in cross river national park ( nigeria ) and korup national park ( cameroon ) . it probably occurs in a few others in the area , although its presence is not confirmed . further surveys are needed to determine its true conservation status .
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justification : listed as least concern as the species is relatively widespread in central africa , and there are no known major threats resulting in a significant population decline .
this species may occur from the sanaga river to the congo river / ubangi river , but with a very localized and patchy distribution . the range limits of this species are poorly known .
this cryptic species is considered rare in gabon , where densities of 2 individuals / km² were found in dense primary forest and 7 / km² in thickets in secondary forest . normal census methods are impossible because it hides its head and eyes at the least disturbance .
confined to vine tangles and areas with abundant young ( or slow - growing ) leafy stems in the understorey of moist evergreen , lowland rainforests . large vertical branches are never climbed because the small , narrow hands and feet of this species are adapted only to close around stems less than 6 cm in diameter . this species avoids climbing higher than 15 m ( it mostly lives below 5 m ) due to heightened competition from birds , less consistent insect resources , more exposure to wind , sun , and predators , and fewer thin - branched tangles to shelter in . it frequently descends to the forest floor for fallen fruits and invertebrates . caterpillars of all species are eaten , including hairy and distasteful species that are avoided by other insect - predators . the females give birth to one infant twice per year .
this species is too small and cryptic to face much danger from human predation . clear - felling and large - scale clearances are the only major threat to their habitat .
this species is protected by law in gabon . it is listed as class b under the african convention , and under appendix ii of cites . it is presumably in a number of the new national parks in gabon . this is a poorly known species in need of further research .
, are endemic in western equatorial africa , and are found in cameroon , equatorial guinea , nigeria , and zaire .
can be found in primary and secondary forests , where it prefers tree fall zones . this species also resides within forestry and agricultural plantations .
is adapted to undergrowth , foraging within the lower canopy of the forest . it will spend most of its time within 5 m of the ground .
can range from 266 to 465 grams . the head - body length ranges from 229 to 305 mm . this species has a reduced , nub - like tail that measures from 4 to 10 cm , along with a reduced index finger . the second digit on each toe is used as a grooming claw .
pelage coloration ranges from orange to yellow to brown on the dorsal side , with white or buff pelage on the ventral side . facial markings include a white stripe above the nose .
males mate polygynously , copulating with the females whose home ranges overlap their territories . a female signals to a male that she is ready to mate by suspending herself upside down from a branch . both male and female suspend themselves upside - down from a branch during copulation .
females have an estrous cycle of 36 to 45 days . gestation lasts between 131 and 136 days . they are capable of breeding more than one time per year , although details on interbirth intervals are not available .
the breeding season typically begins in the middle of the dry season and lasts until the start of the wet season . because of this , golden pottos can breed more than once per year . golden pottos copulate only at the end of the estrous cycle , when the female is about to ovulate . the female signals to the male that she is ready to mate by suspending herself upside down from a branch . both male and female suspend themselves upside - down from a branch during copulation .
females give birth to a single offspring . the young potto clings to the belly of the mother for about 4 months . young are weaned between three and four months of age , at which time they begin to ride on their mother ' s back . young leave the mother ' s home range around six months of age . they reach sexual maturity around 18 months .
breeding season breeding begins in the middle of the dry season and ends at the beginning of the wet season .
males are not known to provide parental care in this species . at birth , the young are able to cling to the mother ' s fur , and have their eyes open . they are not able to climb or walk well on their own . the female cares for the young , carrying the infant first on her belly and later on her back . females nurse their offspring for 3 to 4 months , and forage with them in the underbrush for another 2 months . at about 6 months of age , the young disperse .
in the wild , golden pottos can be expected to live anywhere from 12 to 15 years with an average life expectance of 13 years . when kept in captivity the lifespan of
males have home ranges which overlap the home ranges of 2 to 3 females . pottos are solitary animals who forage and sleep alone , although throughout the year , a male makes contact with females resident in his home range .
this species moves slowly and is a quadrupedal climber . while climbing , three of a golden potto’s limbs are always grasping for support while swinging from branch to branch . golden pottos are nocturnal and arboreal , sleeping within thick foliage cover . ( nowak , 1999 )
communication in this species has not been well described . vocalizations are recorded . in addition , the visual signal of a female positioning herself for copulation is important in breeding . presumably , as in other prosimians , there is scent marking of territories . tactile communication is important between mother and offspring , as well as between mates .
golden pottos are primarily insectivorous , eating mainly insects that are rejected by other insectivores . caterpillars are among the most common insects consumed by
. other insects consumed include beetles , ants , moths and crickets . before eating a caterpillar , golden pottos will rub the caterpillar in their hands to remove any hair the caterpillar may have . this prevents irritation from defensive hairs on the caterpillars . golden pottos will also eat fruit and gums .
this species tends to forage alone within the lower canopy or on the ground within the undergrowth . although golden pottos generally move slowly , they have been observed quickly rearing on their back legs in order to snatch moths from the air .
details on predation of these pottos are not available , although they presumably fall victim to small carnivores , and the standard nocturnal predators of equatorial africa .
is known to roll up into a ball when threatened , keeping the face under the armpit . if attacked , golden pottos will bite the predator on the snout , not letting go . infants cling to the mother if she appears alarmed . newborns are born with eyes open and can cling to their mothers ' fur or to tree branches . in order to avoid birds of prey , these primates rarely climb higher than 15 m . ( charles - donimique , 1977 )
golden pottos help to disperse seeds of the fruit they have eaten by defecation ( nowak , 1999 ) .
golden pottos are hunted for their meat by humans ( kingdon , 1997 ) .
is a cites appendix ii species , which means there are restrictions and guidelines pertaining to the trade and exploitation of this species . this species also faces habitat destruction as the rainforests are cut down for timber and to open up farmland . although these pottos are adapted to secondary vegetation , they are unable to disperse across unforested areas . ( kingdon , 1997 )
taryn olson ( author ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point , chris yahnke ( editor ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point .
living in sub - saharan africa ( south of 30 degrees north ) and madagascar .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
to cite this page : olson , t . 2003 .
arctocebus calabarensis
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there are 10 species of small primates in this family . lorises are found in asia . pottos and angwantibos are found in africa . lorises , pottos and angwantibos have thick , wooly fur ; short or no tails ; and big , round eyes .
the primates in this family live in trees , but unlike other primates , they do not swing or leap from branch to branch . they slowly crawl around on tree branches .
they can crawl on the top of a branch , or hang upside down and crawl on the underside of a branch . lorises , pottos , and angwantibos are nocturnal . they spend the day resting in tree hollows or on tree branches . at night the slowly crawl around the tree branches searching for fruit and insects .
least concern near threatened vulnerable endangered critically endangered extinct in wild extinct status and range is taken from icun redlist . if no status is listed , there is not enough data to establish status .
bengal slow loris - nycticebus bengalensis the bengal slow loris is found in bangladesh , cambodia , china , india , laos , myanmar , thailand , and vietnam . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
bornean slow loris - nycticebus menagensis the bornean slow loris is found in brunei darussalam , indonesia , malaysia , and the philippines . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
gray slender loris - loris lydekkerianus the gray - slender loris is found in india and sri lanka . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
greater slow loris - nycticebus coucang the greater slow loris is found in indonesia , malaysia , singapore , and thailand . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
greater slow loris - nycticebus coucang greater slow lorises are covered with short , thick , woolly fur in a variety of colors and patterns . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
greater slow loris - nycticebus coucang the greater slow loris stays motionless for hours . source : los angeles zoo intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
greater slow loris - nycticebus coucang the greater slow loris eats eat snails , insects , lizards , birds , small mammals , and fruit . source : woodlands park zoo intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
javan slow loris - nycticebus javanicus the javan slow loris is found in indonesia . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
potto - perodicticus potto the potto is found in angola , benin , burundi , cameroon , central african republic , congo , côte d ' ivoire , equatorial guinea , gabon , ghana , guinea , kenya , liberia , nigeria , rwanda , sierra leone , togo , and uganda . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
potto - perodicticus potto pottos have long , slender bodies , large eyes , and small , round ears . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
potto - perodicticus potto pottos leave urine trails along branches to communicate with each other through scent . source : cincinnati zoo intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
pygmy slow loris - nycticebus pygmaeus the pygmy slow loris is found in cambodia , laos , and vietnam . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
slender loris - loris tardigradus the slender loris is found in sri lanka . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
slender loris - loris tardigradus the slender loris is nocturnal and lives in trees . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes


abdera is a genus of false darkling beetles , in the family melandryidae .

it contains three species , two of which are extinct and were discovered in 2014 .

species are : abdera flexuosa abdera hoffeinsorum ( extinct ) abdera rikojotensis ( extinct )

abdera ( beetle )

the flat bark beetle pediacus depressus was last recorded in the area in 1889 and is normally found south of the line between the river severn and the wash . the nationally scarce false darkling beetle abdera quadrifasciata was last reported at dunham in 1867 and is also at the northern limit of its range .
another member of false darkling beetle family ( melandryidae ) emerged from inonotus fungus . they are running like crazy . . .
there were also two new discoveries for the site from the survey . the nationally scarce darkling beetle pseudocistela ceramboides was the furthest north it ' s ever been found and the nationally scarce hister beetle aeletes atomarius has not previously been recorded in the north west of england .
on july 10 th , 2010 one specimen of the false darkling beetle abdera affinis was found in the forest ' bienwald ' near büchelberg by using a light trap . the stenotopic , 2 . 5 - 3 . 5 mm large species develops in fungi , especially in alder bracket ( inonotus radiatus ) . it ' s known to occur from spain over central and northern europe till northern russia , but is missing in southeastern europe . a . affinis is recorded from virtually all federal states of germany , but is rather rare ( rl 2 ) .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
( both in the nominate subgenus ) , 7 spp . in 2 subgenera total
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
17 species of small to medium - sized ( 3 - 16mm ) , oval to elongate - oval beetles , found in association with fungi and fungoid bark , particularly in ancient woodland . generally black or brown in colour , some are brightly coloured or patterned : conopalpus testaceus ( olivier ) has a bright orange pronotum while osphya bipunctata ( fabricius ) have a red and black striped pronotum and legs . all the british species are rare , and all but orchesia undulata kraatz have conservation designations .
the tiny insects were last seen in dunham park during the reign of queen victoria .
however following a new survey by the national trust , new species were discovered in the area as well as some of insects last seen in the park at the end of the 19th century .
john hooson , national trust nature conservation adviser , said the creatures are often very difficult to find .
the techniques most often employed by surveyors is to beat dead branches and look for what drops out - but this relies on beating the right branches at the right time . otherwise traps can be put in place for weeks at a time to catch the beetles .
mr hooson said :
dunham is one of the most studied parklands in the uk , making this a very special discovery . these beetles are small and finding so many that haven ' t been seen since queen victoria was on the throne is remarkable and confirms that this is a special place for wildlife .
dunham park is famous for its veteran trees , which makes the area an ideal location for wood - decay beetles and it has been a popular area for scientists since the 1860s . the park is the fifth richest site for such specialist beetles in the british isles , supporting national and international rarities .
mr hooson added :
all species go through periods of relative scarcity or abundance due to a range of factors , such as a sudden abundance of habitat or lack of predators or parasites . it ' s possible that this latest survey coincided with a population peak for these species at dunham – they ' ve been here all of the time but just hiding away from the countless entomologists that have been looking for them .
seven rare , scarce and endangered species of fly were also found during the survey . this includes a fungus gnat , scythropochroa quercicola , which is only found at two other sites in britain , and a milichiid ( also known as freeloader flies as they share the prey of spiders ) , madiza britannica , previously recorded at three sites in somerset and cambridgeshire .
the false darkling beetles ( melandryidae ) are oblong to oval , small to medium - sized beetles . the species are found under the bark of old trees and on branches which are overgrown with fungi . some species are also found on flowers . worldwide approx . 1200 species in 100 genera have been described , thereof 32 species from germany .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
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isichthys henryi is a species of freshwater elephantfish in the family mormyridae and the only member of its genus .

it occurs in coastal river basins in west africa , ranging as far southeast as the kouilou-niari river .

it reaches a length of about 29 cm .

isichthys henryi

mormyrus cobitiformis peters ( = isichthys henryi ) tooxlong river , west africa . syntypes zmb 11891 ( 2 ) .
isichthys henryi is a demersal species . it possesses electroreceptor ' s over the entire head , the dorsal region and some parts of the ventral region ; absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located . the electric organ discharge ( eod ) rates are of low frequency and sexually dimorphic as to waveform ( møller 1995 ) .
central africa assessment : isichthys henryi is distributed throughout lower guinea , including the cross river of nigeria / cameroon ( kadem toham and teugels 1998 ) , the sanaga , the kribi , the ntem , the ogowe , the ivindo , the coastal streams around mayumba , and in the coastal drainages in congo - brazzaville , including the kouilou . elsewhere it is known from the coastal rivers of guinea , sierra - leone , liberia , and from the niger .
this species is known from guinea , sierra leone and liberia , and then from nigeria to the democratic republic of congo . central africa : isichthys henryi is distributed throughout lower guinea , including the cross river of nigeria / cameroon ( kadem toham and teugels 1998 ) , the sanaga , the kribi , the ntem , the ogowe , the ivindo , the coastal streams around mayumba , and in the coastal drainages in congo , including the kouilou . western africa : it is found in west africa from the coastal basins of guinea , sierra leone and liberia , and from ogun as well as from coastal reaches of rivers in western nigeria and the lower niger .
greek , isos = equal + greek , ichthys = fish ( ref . 45335 )
freshwater ; demersal ; ph range : 5 . 0 - ? . tropical ; 22°c - 24°c ( ref . 12468 )
africa : coastal basins of guinea , sierra leone and liberia ( ref . 81274 ) and the niger basin through cameroon and gabon to the kouilou river basin ( ref . 81635 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 28 . 7 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2915 )
possesses electroreceptors over the entire head , the dorsal region and some parts of the ventral region ; absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located . electric organ discharge ( eod ) rates are of low frequency and sexually dimorphic as to waveform ( ref . 10011 ) .
bigorne , r . , 1990 . mormyridae . p . 122 - 184 . in c . lévêque , d . paugy and g . g . teugels ( eds . ) faune des poissons d ' eaux saumâtres d ' afrique de l ' ouest . tome 1 . faune trop . 28 . musée royal de l ' afrique centrale , tervuren , and orstom , paris . ( ref . 2915 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00851 ( 0 . 00471 - 0 . 01537 ) , b = 2 . 68 ( 2 . 52 - 2 . 84 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 3 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 32 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
snoeks , j . , tweddle , d . , getahun , a . , lalèyè , p . , paugy , d . , zaiss , r . , fishar , m . r . a & brooks , e .
justification : this species has a wide distribution , with no known major widespread threats . it is therefore listed as least concern . it has also been assessed regionally as least concern for central and western africa .
this species is harvested for human consumption , as well as the aquarium trade .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
snoeks , j . , brummett , r . , nicanor , a . , dening touokong , c . , reid , g . m . , stiassny , m . , mamonekene , v . , ndodet , b . , ifuta , s . n . b . , chilala , a . , monsembula , r . , ibala zamba , a . , opoye itoua , o . , pouomogne , v . , darwall , w . , smith , k . & allen , d .
justification : the species is widespread within the central africa assessment region and is assessed as least concern .
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daget , j . , j . - p . gosse , and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde , eds .
special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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gill , t . n . 1863 . description of a new generic type of mormyroids and note on the arrangement of the genus . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 14 ( 9 ) : 443 - 445 .
bigorne , r . ( 1990 ) mormyridae . : p . 122 - 184 . in c . lévêque , d . paugy and g . g . teugels ( eds . ) faune des poissons d ' eaux saumâtres d ' afrique de l ' ouest . tome 1 . faune trop . 28 . musée royal de l ' afrique centrale , tervuren , and orstom , paris .
castelo , r . ( 1994 ) biogeographical considerations of fish diversity in bioko . : biodiversity and conservation 3 : 808 - 827 .
chinese academy of fishery sciences ( 2003 ) chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . : urltoken
daget , j . , j . - p . gosse , and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde , eds . , 1984 : null . check - list of freshwater fishes of africa . vol . 1 . 410 .
eschmeyer , william n . , ed . , 1998 : catalog of fishes . special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3 . 2905 .
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .
hanel , l . and j . novák ( 2001 ) české názvy zivočichů v . ryby a rybovití obratlovci ( pisces ) ii . , nozdratí ( sarcopterygii ) , paprskoploutví ( actinopterygii ) [ chrupavčití ( chondrostei ) , kostnatí ( neopterygii ) : kostlíni ( semionotiformes ) - bezostní ( clupeiformes ) ] . : národní muzeum ( zoologické odděleí ) , praha .
iscandari , n . ( 1977 ) a list of the freshwater fishes and some shrimps of sierra leone with their vernacular names in mende , temne and limba . : bull . inst . mar . biol . oceanogr . , fourah bay coll . , univ . sierra leone , 2 ( 1 ) : 54 - 56 .
kamara , a . b . ( 1977 ) a list of the estuarine and marine fishes and some shellfishes of sierra leone , with their common names in either krio or english . : bull . inst . mar . biol . oceanogr . , fourah bay coll . , univ . sierra leone , 2 ( 1 ) : 47 - 53 .
varjo , m . , l . koli and h . dahlström ( 2004 ) kalannimiluettelo ( versio 10 / 03 ) . : suomen biologian seura vanamo ry .
wu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) ( 1999 ) latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . : the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p .
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description of a new generic type of mormyroids and note on the arrangement of the genus p . 444 .
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