telamoptilia tiliae is a moth of the gracillariidae family .

it is known from japan ( hokkaidō ) and the russian far east .

the wingspan is 6.8 – 8 mm .

the larvae feed on tilia maximowicziana .

they probably mine the leaves of their host plant .

telamoptilia tiliae

grewia biloba g . don and its variety parviflora hand . –mazz . ( malvaceae ) . telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is thus far the only species in gracillariinae that is known to feed on grewia . the plant family malvaceae appears to be the main host for telamoptilia with now four out of six species feeding on this family ( telamoptilia tiliae on tilia , telamoptilia cathedraea on urena , telamoptilia geyeri on pavonia ) .
the larvae of telamoptilia species are leaf miners . three plant families are known as hosts for telamoptilia : malvaceae , amaranthaceae and convolvulaceae ( de prins and de prins 2014 ) . vári ( 1961 ) briefly described the biology of telamoptilia geyeri ( vári , 1961 ) . kumata et al . ( 1988 ) described the biology and the larval body chaetotaxy of three species : telamoptilia cathedraea , telamoptilia prosacta and telamoptilia tiliae ( kumata & ermolaev , 1988 ) . however , no larval head chaetotaxy and pupal features of telamoptilia have been described so far .
description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae )
description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae )
the genus telamoptilia kumata & kuroko , 1988 is globally represented by five species that may be found in the oriental and african regions . the type species telamoptilia cathedraea ( meyrick , 1908 ) is geographically shared by the oriental region and madagascar ( de prins and de prins 2014 ) . three species are currently known from china , including telamoptilia cathedraea , telamoptilia hemistacta ( meyrick , 1924 ) , and telamoptilia prosacta ( meyrick , 1918 ) .
telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is associated with malvaceae and is described in the present paper from adult external characters , male and female genitalia , wing venation and immature stages . the larval head and pupal features are described for the first time in telamoptilia .
kumata et al . ( 1988 ) distinguished telamoptilia from spulerina by the antennal scape having a minute flap , the absence of the fan - shaped comb of the valva and the signum with median process . telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . has a flap as wide as the antennal scape and a signum lacking a median process , which is most similar to spulerina parthenocissi as stated in the diagnosis section . therefore the signum without median process is not an autapomorphy for spulerina when defining telamoptilia and spulerina . the larval seta xd1 of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is placed near the anterior margin of the prothorax shield , which resembles that of spulerina vári , but differs from that of telamoptilia that has xd1 of variable placement between d1 and d2 ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . the fully grown larva of telamoptilia and spulerina changes body colour into red ( kumata et al . 1988 ) , but colour transfer does not occur in telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . consequently , the most important generic character to distinguish telamoptilia from spulerina is the absence of the fan - shaped comb of the valva as defined by kumata et al . ( 1988 ) , and the minute antennal scape flap and the signum with median process should be excluded for generic definition when taking telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . into consideration . the position of seta xd1 and the feature of larval body colour transfer vary within telamoptilia , thus should not be adopted as generic characters . considering the unique characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . , its phylogenetic relationship to other species of the genus telamoptilia requires further study .
the new species telamoptilia grewiae , reared from leafmines on grewia biloba ( malvaceae ) is described with details on adult and immature stages . the larval head and the pupa are described for the first time in telamoptilia kumata & kuroko , 1988 , and are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and line drawings . photographs of adult habitus , wing venation , male and female genitalia , as well as host plant and mines are provided . the apomorphic adult and larval characters of the new species in telamoptilia are discussed in relation to the recognition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina vári , 1961 .
liu t , wang s , li h ( 2015 ) description of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . and the consequences for the definition of the genera telamoptilia and spulerina ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae , gracillariinae ) . zookeys 479 : 121–133 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 479 . 8899
the new species mostly resembles telamoptilia prosacta , especially in the male genitalia . however , it can be recognized by the male genitalia with the tegumen having 3−4 long setae on each lateral side , and the valva width does not change in the basal 3 / 4 ; in telamoptilia prosacta , the tegumen has 9−12 long setae on each lateral side and the valva is slightly wider at middle . in the female genitalia , telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . can easily be separated from all other telamoptilia by the extremely short ductus bursae , not reaching the anterior margin of the seventh abdominal segment . the signum lacks a median process and is thereby more similar to signa in spulerina , especially to that of spulerina parthenocissi kumata & kuroko , 1988 , than to those in telamoptilia .
line drawings of the larval chaetotaxy of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 20 head , frontal view 21 head , lateral view 22 thoracic segments , lateral view 23 abdominal segments , lateral view .
last instar larval characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 14 antenna 15 mouthpart 16 setae on prothorax shield , arrow indicating the positon of xd1 17 thoracic leg 18 proleg 19 a9−10 , dorsal view .
the forewing venation of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . is unique within the acrocercops group : r 1 and r 5 are absent , thus r 4 is not stalked with r 5 . the absence of r 1 is apomorphic for chrysocercops kumata & kuroko , 1988 ( occasionally present ) , telamoptilia and spulerina ( kumata et al . 1988 , kumata 1992 ) . although r 1 is also absent in dendrorycter kumata , 1978 , it will not be discussed here since its status within the acrocercops group is still debatable ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . the forewing patterns and the genitalia of chrysocercops are rather different from those of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . all other telamoptilia and spulerina have r 5 , or at least r 5 is visible distally and stalked with r 4 ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . currently there is not enough evidence for assigning the new species without r 5 to a new genus . a comprehensive study of more species is required for further generic definition .
adult , host plant and mines of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 1 adult in habitus , paratype 2 live adult 3 host plant 4 linear mines by early instar larvae 5 blotch mine by later instar larva 6 seriously damaged leaves found in september .
last instar larva head chaetotaxy of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 10 dorsal view 10a close - up of md setae 11 ventral - lateral view , scanned from last instar larval skin 12 frons , frontal - lateral view , same individual as 11 , 13 dorsal view 13a close - up of so and g setae .
pupal characters of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 24 pupa , lateral view 25 frontal process ( cocoon cutter ) , lateral view 25a frontal process ( cocoon cutter ) , ventral view 26 two pairs of sensillae on head 27 close - up of the paired sensillae on head 28 setae on a2 , dorsal - lateral view , arrows indicating the positions of setae 29 segments a9−10 , ventral view 30 genital orifice 31 lateral cremaster , lateral view 32 ventral cremaster , ventral view .
wing venation and genitalia of telamoptilia grewiae sp . n . 7 wing venation , paratype , ltt12561w 8 male genitalia , 8a , male genitalia with aedeagus detached , ltt12561 8b aedeagus , lateral view , same slide as 8a , 8c close - up of the distal portion of aedeagus , indicating the triangular process , dorsal view , ltt12257 , 8d , eighth abdominal segment , paratype , same slide as 8a , 9 female genitalia , paratype , ltt12555 ( scales = 0 . 2 mm except 8c = 0 . 1 mm ) .
the larva mines on the upper surface of the host plant leaf . the mine begins as an epidermal silvery curved white line which soon enlarges to a whitish blotch . yellowish - fuscous or fuscous lines can be found on the surface of the blotch . as the larva develops , the blotch usually incorporates the earlier linear mine . the last instar larva vacates the mine for pupation by chewing a semicircular opening near the margin of the blotch . no body colour transfer occurs in the full - grown larva of this species , compared to other telamoptilia larvae which turn red when fully grown ( kumata et al . 1988 ) . some host plants can be seriously damaged by the mines in early september . cocoons are usually found inlaid the leaf wrinkles , or occasionally in the corner of the rearing container . the cocoon is brown , with 2−3 brown minute bubbles on the surface . this species overwinters in pupa .
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field investigations were carried out in mt . baxian national nature reserves ( 40°11 ' n , 117°32 ' e ) , 300−600 m , tianjin , china , from may to september in 2013 and june 2014 . leaves containing mines with larvae were placed in sealed plastic bags , or rearing containers with moist cotton . larvae removed from mines were immersed in nearly boiling water for 30 seconds , and then were kept in 75 % ethanol for morphological examination . last instar larval skins , pupae , and exuviae were kept in 75 % ethanol . pupae in rearing containers were placed outdoors to overwinter , and were transferred into the laboratory at 20 °c on february 6 , 2014 . emergence successively occurred from march 9 to early - april 2014 . adults were collected chiefly by rearing from immature stages , and occasionally by light trap .
adult photographs were taken with a leica m250a stereo microscope . genitalia and wings were dissected and mounted according to the methods introduced by li ( 2002 ) , but stained with eosin y and / or chlorazol black , and the illustrations were prepared by using a leica dm750 microscope , and refined in photoshop® cs4 software . for scanning electron microscopy , larvae and pupae were dehydrated in gradient ethanol , dried in vacuum and coated with gold in a scd 005 sputter coater ( bal - tec ) , then operated with a voltage of 15 kv using quanta 200 environmental scanning electron microscope ( sem ) ( fei , oregon ) . line drawings were outlined from the photos taken by the leica m250a stereo microscope , using path tool in adobe photoshop® cs4 software . photographs of host plant , mines and a live adult were taken in the field using canon powershot g10 digital camera .
terminology of immature stages follows davis and de prins ( 2011 ) and de prins et al . ( 2013 ) , and that of adults follows kumata et al . ( 1988 ) . thoracic segments i−iii and abdominal segments 1−10 are abbreviated as ti−tiii and a1−a10 , respectively .
all the specimens studied , including the types of the new species and the vouchered larvae and pupae , are deposited in the insect collection , nankai university , tianjin , china .
) with wing span 6 . 0−8 . 0 mm . head silvery white , tinged with gray on face . labial palpus grayish white , colored blackish gray on outer surface of distal half of second segment and before apex of third segment . maxillary palpus white , with middle or distal half blackish fuscous . antenna with scape white on posterior half , blackish gray on anterior half and distal portion , flap blackish gray tinged with white , as wide as scape in frontal view ; flagellum silvery grayish fuscous , with each unit blackish distally . thorax and tegula blackish gray mixed with white . legs mostly white ; foreleg with coxa blackish fuscous basally and distally , femur and tibia blackish fuscous , tarsus blackish gray distally on each except last segment ; midleg with coxa blackish fuscous distally , femur blackish fuscous , except white medially and distally on dorsal surface , with ventral scale expansion blackish fuscous , tibia blackish fuscous basally and distally , white medially , tarsus white , each except last segment dotted blackish fuscous distally ; hindleg with coxa blackish fuscous distally , femur blackish fuscous distally on outer surface , tibia blackish fuscous basally and distally , tarsus with basal three segments blackish fuscous distally , fourth segment dotted blackish fuscous dorso - distally . forewing grayish fuscous to blackish fuscous ; costal margin with a white spot basally at about 1 / 10 and one before apex , the former sometimes touching fold posteriorly , with white stria at distal 3 / 10 and 1 / 6 obliquely outward , reaching middle of wing and near termen respectively ; transverse white fascia from costal 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 obliquely outward , reaching dorsal 1 / 2 and before end of fold respectively , edged with blackish fuscous to black scales , inner fascia wider than outer one , widened on posterior half ; small white dot on distal end of m
, two or three small white dots along termen ; apex blackish fuscous ; cilia mostly blackish fuscous basally , gray distally , white adjacent to white markings , white on basal 1 / 4 , black on median part , gray distally at apex , gray along dorsal margin . hindwing and cilia uniformly gray .
variations . the white costal spot at about basal 1 / 10 is sometimes reduced to a small dot near the costa , the white costal stria at distal 3 / 10 is occasionally extended to unite the dot on the distal end of m 3 , the costal stria at distal 1 / 6 is sometimes wedge - shaped or absent , the white dot at the distal end of m 3 sometimes moves to near distal end of cell , and the small white dots along termen sometimes are absent .
) . tegumen with basal half same width , median portion slightly widened , distal half almost triangular , rounded apically ; three or four long setae along lateral side . valva 1 . 7 times as long as tegumen , with basal 3 / 4 same width , distal 1 / 4 apparently narrowed , bluntly pointed apically . saccus subtriangular , rounded apically . aedeagus straight , almost as long as valva ; distal half heavily sclerotized , with a triangular distal process about 1 / 8 length of aedeagus , pointed apically ( fig .
) . eighth tergite with apodeme reaching posterior 1 / 3 of seventh segment , nearly parallel - sided ( fig .
) . antrum a ring , disconnected ventrally , embed with a heavily sclerotized belt medially . ductus bursae membranous , extremely short , not reaching anterior margin of seventh segment , wrinkled basally , without spines . corpus bursae oval , membranous , without spines ; signum slender and long , curved by 150° medially , posterior half slightly s - shaped , anterior half curved at anterior 2 / 5 , sometimes slightly c - shaped .
) . length 4 . 0 mm , pale green to yellowish green . three stemmata present ( fig .
) . spiracles on ti and a8 larger ; prolegs on a3−5 each with 2−4 crochets ( fig .
) , those on a10 without crochets . ( five larvae and two last instar larval skins examined )
. adfrontal area slightly convex above middle , af setae placed on convexity ( fig .
) ; a3 longest , followed by a1 , aa internal to half way of a2 and a3 , near margin of adfrontal area ; p1 lateral to af2 , near margin of adfrontal area , p2 dorsal to a3 , slightly shorter than p1 ; three md setae placed posterior to p2 , arranged in line , pa internal and slightly anterior to md2 ; o2 longest , followed by o3 ; so1 as long as so2 , so3 shorter , soa near so1 ; g1 posterior to so3 .
. ti with xd , d , and sd setae placed on prothoracic shield , xd1 near anterior margin of prothoracic shield ( fig .
) , xda anterior to d2 , sd2 near ventral margin of prothoracic shield ; l - group bisetose , l2 dorsal and posterior to l1 ; sv - group bisetose , sharing pinaculum . tii with d1 near anterior dorsal margin , md1 near posterior margin of prothoracic shield , anterior to d2 ; sd2 close to d2 , sd1 anterior and ventral to sd2 ; l - group bisetose , l2 absent , l3 posterior and dorsal to l1 ; sv - group unisetose , with a micro seta anterior to sv1 . tiii similar to tii .
. a1−8 with d1 and d2 closely approximated to each other , md1 seta anterior and slightly dorsal to d1 , sd1 posterior and dorsal to spiracle , sd2 shorter than sd1 , anterior and dorsal to spiracle , closer to spiracle than sd1 , l - group bisetose , l2 seta absent ; a1 and a7−9 with sv - group unisetose , a2 and a6 bisetose , a3−5 trisetose ; a9 with d1 short , md1 seta anterior to d1 , sd1 anterior and ventral to d2 , as long as d2 , sd1 , l1 , sv1 and v1 almost forming a line ; a10 as shown in fig .
) ; labial palpus 3 . 4 times longer than maxillary palpus . tii and tiii each bearing a pair of seta dorsally . a1−9 each carrying a pair of seta dorsally ; a2−6 each bearing a pair of seta laterally , with one postero - ventral to spiracle , one internal to spiracle , shorter ( fig .
holotype , ♂ , china : mt . baxian national nature reserves ( 117°33 ' n , 40°11 ' e ) , 300−600 m , ji county , tianjin , larva coll . 6 - ix - 2013 , ex . grewia biloba , emerged 9 - iii - 2014 ( indoors ) , leg . tengteng liu . paratypes : 2♂ , 1♀ , larvae coll . 24 - vi - 2013 , emerged 6−7 - vii - 2013 , 1♂ , 1♀ , larva coll . 29 - vi - 2013 , emerged 5 - vii - 2013 , 4♂ , 3♀ , larva coll . 8 - viii - 2013 , emerged 19−20 , 22 - viii - 2013 , 1♂ , 1♀ , emerged 13 , 22 - ix - 2013 , 1♂ , larva coll . 12 - ix - 2013 , emerged iv - 2014 ( indoors ) , 2♀ , larva coll . 30 - vi - 2014 , other data as holotype , genitalia slide nos . ltt12255♀ , ltt12256−7♂ , ltt12261♂ , ltt12555♀ , ltt12556−7♂ ; 1♂ , 300 m , 29 - vi - 2014 , by light , leg . kaijian teng & tengteng liu , other data as holotype , genitalia slide no . ltt12561 .
5 larvae , 25 - vi - 2013 , 6 - ix - 2013 , stored in ethanol , other data as holotype , bxs130628 , bxs130942 ; 1 last instar larval skin , larva coll . 6 - ix - 2013 , emerged 13 - iii - 2014 , other data as holotype , mounted in canada balsam , slide no . ltt1403l ; 1 last instar larval skin , 24 - vi - 2013 , stored in glycerine , other data as holotype , bxs130632 ; 2 pupal exuviae , 29 - vi - 2014 , other data as holotype , mounted in canada balsam , slide nos . ltt1401−2l .
the specific name is derived from the host plant genus grewia , indicating the host of the new species .
special thanks are indebted to the staff of the baxian mountain national nature reserves , for their persistent support during the field work ; to the two reviewers and the editor dr . erik van nieukerken for their insightful comments . this study was supported by the national natural science foundation of china ( no . 31272356 ) and the research fund for the doctoral program of higher education ( no . 20130031110008 ) .
systematics and biology of the new genus macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species ( lepidoptera , gracillariidae ) .
de prins j , davis dr , de coninck e , sohn j - c , triberti p . ( 2013 )
systematics , phylogeny and biology of a new genus of lithocolletinae ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) associated with cistaceae .
descriptions of thirteen new species of the genus chrysocercops kumata et kuroko , 1988 , from malaysia and nepal ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) .
japanese species of the acrocercops - group ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) part ii .
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rhinoprora palpata is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is found in indian subregion , sri lanka and western china , as well as on java , borneo and taiwan .

the habitat consists of mountainous areas .

rhinoprora palpata

cidaria palpata walker , 1862 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 25 : 1404 .
sspp . diechusa prout , javana prout , 1958 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 6 : 422 - 3 .
the facies is similar to that of the next three species except the hindwings are paler , more clearly fasciated . the labial palps are longer than in subpalpata prout but not as long as in coelica prout or sayata holloway : they are pale fawn throughout rather than dark brown or with the third segment dark .
indian subregion , w . china ; borneo ( ssp . wongi ) ; java ( ssp . javana ) .
the species is common on g . kinabalu but has yet to be recorded from other mountains . it occurs abundantly at 2400m , but ranges from 1930m to 3150m .
also related to xanthocomes and eurymesa are s . eugerys prout comb . n . ( seram , new guinea ) and s . seminotata warren comb . n . ( new guinea ) .
s . xanthocomes is rarer than the next , occurring with it at lower elevations : 1500 - 1930m on g . kinabalu ; 1780 - 1790m on g . mulu .
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corresponding author : olga schmidt ( ed . nwm . msz @ tdimhcs . aglo ) .
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license 4 . 0 ( cc - by ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
the indonesian geometrid moth fauna is rich and diverse , yet it is poorly studied . this is particularly the case for the second largest geometrid subfamily larentiinae which comprises moths with predominantly high mountainous distribution in the tropics . the present study provides a first inventory of the primary type specimens of larentiine moth species ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) described from indonesia .
the list of species described from indonesia is arranged alphabetically by the tribe , genus , and species , and presents data on 251 species and subspecies . for each species type status , type locality , depository , and a full reference to the original description are listed . synonyms with indonesian type localities are included . the study indicates a large part of the indonesian geometrid fauna belong to the tribe eupitheciini .
larentiinae are the second most species - rich geometrid subfamily after ennominae , with 6 , 230 described species ( scoble and hausmann 2007 ) and numerous undescribed species . the present study aims to create an inventory of larentiine species ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) with indonesian type localities , providing original references . a special emphasis on primary types excludes inaccuracies caused by incorrect identification , and the list provides a starting point for an assessment of the biodiversity of the subfamily larentiinae in indonesia .
the name of the original genus is given in parentheses after the name of the valid genus . the status of the type is noted . citations of references for each species are given under
nomenclature
. the altitude is presented as in the original description . valid species , valid subspecies and synonyms with indonesian type localities are included .
distribution
embraces the type locality only .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 5f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , bonthain , 3000 - 7000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , about 139° e , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : zmmu
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 6f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : many ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
the species is described from india , khasia hills and indonesia , celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] . the species is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : rbins
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : unknown ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . tompoe , 2700 ft .
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , tjamba , near maros , 1500 ft .
type locality : java ( east ) , tengger , kletak , 6000 ft .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . rangkoenau , 1800 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . tompoe , 2700 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : oum
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , wa ' katin , 1675 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 11m , 11f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthain , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : sw celebes [ sulawesi ] , g . lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 19 , mostly females ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mts , upper setekwa river , 2000 - 3000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , koelawi , paloe , 3700 ft .
type locality : sw celebes [ sulawesi ] , pangean near maros , 2000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 5f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram ( central ) [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , mount goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , g . rangkoenau , 900 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of g . mesophoena celebensis . the species g . celebensis is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , leksula - kakal , 2800 - 3700 ft .
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , g . lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : oum
type locality : malaysia , borneo , sarawak . type locality of synonym : java ( east )
the species is described from malaysia , borneo , sarawak and deposited in oum . the synonym g . ( chloroclystis ) semivinosa warren 1896 ) is described from java ( east ) and deposited in nhm
type locality : java ( east ) , tengger , singolangoe , 5000 ft .
the species g . nepotalis is described as subspecies of g . latipennis prout ( 1958 ) and illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type locality of synonym : lesser sunda islands , lombok
the species is described from malaysia , borneo and deposited in oum . the synonym m . ( megatheca ? ) ampla ( warren , 1899 ) is described from lesser sunda islands , lombok
type locality : [ moluccas ] , seram ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft .
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type locality of synonym : kalimantan , pulo laut
the species is described from malaysia , borneo and deposited in oum . the synonym p . ( eupithecia ) conferta ( swinhoe , 1902 ) is described from kalimantan , pulo laut . the species p . obliterata is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
pseudopolinesia ( pomasia ) hebe synonyms : p . interrupta , p . phanoides , p . praelustris
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , mt kebea , 3000 ft . type localities of synonyms : [ west papua ] , oetakwa river , celebes [ sulawesi ] , menado , [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe , mrapat , 5000 ft .
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , mt kebea , 3000 ft . three synonyms p . interrupta ( prout 1916 ) p . phanoides ( debauche 1941 ) and p . praelustris ( prout 1933 ) are described from [ west papua ] , oetakwa river , from celebes [ sulawesi ] , menado and from [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe , mrapat , 5000 ft .
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym p . ( chloroclystis ) pallidivirens pullivirens ( prout , 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : m , f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , 5000 - 7000 ft . , ca 139° longit .
the species z . baliensis prout ( 1958 ) is described as subspecies of z . xylinaria walker ( 1863 ) . the synonym z . xylinaria florensis prout ( 1958 ) is described from lesser sunda islands , flores ( south )
ziridava ( ziridava ) xylinaria synonyms : z . xylinaria subaequata , z . subrubida
type locality : malaysia , borneo , sarawak . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela and celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , indrulaman , 2300 ft .
the species is described from malaysia , borneo , sarawak , deposited in oum and illustrated in holloway ( 1997 ) . two synonyms z . xylinaria subaequata prout ( 1929 ) and z . subrubida warren ( 1897 ) are described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela and celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , indrulaman , 2300 ft .
the synonym p . multiplicata erebenna prout ( 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , mt moenggal , 9000 ft . and bromo to caldeira
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nbc
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : many , m , f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , weyland mountains , mt kunupi , 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , sungei kumbang , korintji district , 4500 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , loda , 4000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( south - west ) [ sulawesi ] , pangean , near maros , 2000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela
the species is described from [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft . the synonym h . ( phthonoloba ) hypelaina ( prout , 1929 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 6f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , gunong lampobattang , parang - bobo goa , 5000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru , gamoe mrapat , 5000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nbc
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 3000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mts , near oetakwa river , up to 3500 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , arfak mts , angi lakes , 6000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , buru ( central ) , mrapat , 5000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhrs
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 3m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes [ sulawesi ] , paloe , gunong rangkoenau , 1800 ft .
type locality : british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , batjan
the species is described from british new guinea [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym g . subpilosa warren ( 1904 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , batjan
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 7m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] ( central ) , manusela , 6000 ft . and 3000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south - west ) [ sulawesi ] , tjamba , near maros , 1500 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , gunong tompoe , 2700 ft .
type status : holotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : zsm , m . sommerer coll .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4m , 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : celebes ( south ) [ sulawesi ] , bonthian , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , sungei kumbang , korintji , 4500 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
the species is originally described as subspecies ( ab . ) of x . ludifica warren ( 1898 )
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : sumatra ( west ) , korintji , 7300 ft . , sungei kumbang , 10 , 000 ft .
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , carstensz peak , 5000 - 10 , 000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 11m , 19f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , 4000 - 6000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : unknown ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : india , darjeeling . type locality of synonym : [ java ( east ) ] , nongkodjadjar
the species a . pictaria is described from india , darjeeling . the synonym a . pictaria flavifascia prout ( 1935 ) is described from [ java ( east ) ] , nongkodjadjar and singolangoe . the species a . pictaria is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : india , nilgiri district , s slopes , 3000 ft . type locality of synonym : java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
the species is described from india , nilgiri district , s slopes , 3000 ft . the synonym a . pulchella interposita prout ( 1935 ) is described from java ( east ) , nongkodjadjar
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 1m , 3f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 5m , 1f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 2m , 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 13m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : malaysia , borneo . type localities of synonym : borneo , nr kalimantan , pulo laut
the species is described from malaysia , borneo . the synonym e . metriopis ( meyrick , 1897 ) is described from borneo and nr kalimantan , pulo laut . the species e . plumbacea is illustrated in holloway ( 1997 )
type locality : lesser sunda islands , sambawa [ sumbawa ] , tambora , 2500 - 4000 ft .
type status : syntype . occurrence : sex : 4f ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . type locality of synonym : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
the species is described from [ papua new guinea ] , upper aroa river . the synonym p . subcaesia neutralis ( prout , 1922 ) is described from [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of p . ornatipennis ( prout , 1941 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2002 )
type locality : [ west papua ] , mt goliath , about 139° long . , 5000 - 7000 ft .
type locality : [ moluccas ] , ceram [ seram ] , manusela , 6000 ft .
type status : lectotype . occurrence : sex : m ; record level : ownerinstitutioncode : nhm
type locality : west irian [ west papua ] , wandammen mts , 3000 - 4000 ft .
type locality : [ papua new guinea ] , angabunga river . type locality of synonym : [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
the species is described from [ papua new guinea ] , angabunga river . the synonym s . viriditincta ( rothschild , 1916 ) is described from [ west papua ] , snow mountains , utakwa [ oetakwa ] river , 2500 - 3000 ft .
type locality : celebes ( west ) [ sulawesi ] , paloe , sidaonta , 4500 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) , schmidt ( 2009 )
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) . lectotype has been designated ( schmidt 2006a )
type locality : lesser sunda islands , tambora , sambawa [ sumbawa ] , 2500 - 4000 ft .
the species is described as subspecies of v . sordidata ( moore , 1888 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2006a ) , schmidt ( 2009 ) . lectotype has been designated ( schmidt 2006a )
the species is described as subspecies of v . vinosa ( warren , 1907 ) and illustrated in schmidt ( 2013 )
the tribal placement of many species needs to be evaluated . however , according to preliminary data involving the study of the species described from other regions and apparently occurring in indonesia ( schmidt , unpubl . data ) , the tribe eupitheciini and its close allies seem to be dominant in indonesia . moreover , the high - altitude indonesian fauna is poorly studied so far . considering high diversity of eupitheciines in mountainous regions and unresolved taxonomic problems in the group ( e . g . sibling species ) , a large proportion of eupitheciini among the larentiine moths is expected .
ptychotheca pallidivirens should be transferred to the genus bosara ( see holloway 1997 ) .
prout ( 1941 ) mentioned “ desmoclystia prouti sick , sp . n . ” , without description of the type locality , among other species described from west papua ( mt goliath ) . the type of d . prouti without abdomen , as cited in the original description , has never been re - examined .
scoble ( 1999 ) lists eupithecia aspectabilis inoue ( 1996 ) as described from indonesia ( maluku [ moluccas ] : aru ) . however , the type locality of the species is aru in pahalgam - kolohoi in kashmir , with an altitude of 2800m .
barlow h . s . , woiwod i . p . seasonality and diversity of macrolepidoptera in two lowland sites in dumoga - bone national park , sulawesi utara . in : knight w . j . , holloway j . d . , editors .
beck j . , rüdlinger c . m . currently available data on borneo geometrid moths do not provide evidence for a pleistocene rainforest refugium .
bethune - baker g . t . descriptions of new species of lepidoptera from africa and the east .
gressitt j . l . , szent - ivany j . j . h . bibliography of new guinea entomology .
illustrations of typical specimens heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part viii : the lepidopteraheterocera of the nilgiri district .
taylor & francis ; london : 1891 . 144 + 4 pp . , 8 pls .
holloway j . d . the moths of borneo : family geometridae , subfamilies sterrhinae and larentiinae .
inoue h . twenty - four new species , one new subspecies and two new genera of the geometridae ( lepidoptera ) from east asia .
inoue h . four new species of the genus eupithecia ( geometridae , larentiinae ) from kashmir and pakistan .
moore f . descriptions of new indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late mr . w . s . atkinson . heterocera ( continued ) ( pyralidae , crambidae , geometridae , tortricidae , tineidae ) in : hewitson w . c . , moore f . , editors .
descriptions of new indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late mr . w . s . atkinson 3 .
asiatic society of bengal , taylor & francis ; calcutta , london : 1888 . 100
prout l . b . new genera and species of indo - australian geometridae .
prout l b . new geometridae from the weyland mountains ( dutch new guinea ) .
prout l . b . resultats scientifiques du voyage aux indes orientales neerlandaises de ll . aa . rr . le prince et la princesse leopold de belgique . lepidoptera . geometridae .
prout l . b . new and little - known bali geometridae in the tring museum .
prout l . b . larentiinae . in : seitz a . , editor .
die gross - schmetterlinge der erde . fauna indo - australica , bd . 12 .
rothschild l . w . on the lepidoptera from the islands of ceram ( seran ) , buru , bali , and misol .
rothschild l . w . lepidoptera collected by the british ornithologists ' union and the wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea .
schmidt olga . a revision of the genus chaetolopha warren ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae ) with a description of parachaetolopha , gen . nov .
schmidt olga . australasian genus scotocyma turner and the recently described species s . sumatrensis schmidt ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae )
scoble m . j . , hausmann a . on - line list of valid and nomenclaturally available names of the geometridae of the world .
snellen p . c . t . lepidoptera van celebes verzameld door mr . m . c . piepers , met aanteekeningenen beschrijving der nieuwe soorten . tweede afdeeling : heterocera .
sutrisno h . moth diversity at sebangau peat swamp and busang river secondary rain forest , central kalimantan .
sutrisno h . moth diversity at gunung halimun - salak national park , west java .
sutrisno h . moth ( insecta : lepidoptera ) diversity in montane gunung patuha protected forest , west java , indonesia .
swinhoe c . new and little known species of drepanulidae , epiplemidae , microniidae and geometridae in the national collection .
vos r . de . the inchworms ( lepidoptera : geometridae : larentiinae ) of papua indonesia .
walker f . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum .
walker f . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . 1121 - 1533
warren w . new species of drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae in the tring museum .
warren w . new genera and species of drepanulidae , thyrididae , epiplemidae , uraniidae , and geometridae in the tring museum .
warren w . new genera and species of moths from the old world regions in the tring museum .
warren w . new species and genera of the families thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae from the old - world regions .
warren w . new species and genera of the families drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the old world regions .
warren w . new drepanulidae , thyrididae , epiplemidae , uraniidae , and geometridae from the oriental and palaearctic regions .
warren w . new uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the oriental and palaearctic regions .
warren w . drepanulidae , uraniidae , and geometridae from the palaearctic and indo - australian regions .
warren w . drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae and geometridae from the oriental region .
warren w . drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae and geometridae from british new guinea .
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urltoken
modern sources have included it variously in the order rajiformes , rhinobatiformes , rhiniformes , or the newly proposed rhinopristiformes .
' wedgefishes
' are order rhinopristiformes along with guitarfishes and sawfishes , they have also been known as giant guitarfishes or sharkfin guitarfishes .
how can i put and write and define rhinopristiformes in a sentence and how is the word rhinopristiformes used in a sentence and examples ? 用rhinopristiformes造句 , 用rhinopristiformes造句 , 用rhinopristiformes造句 , rhinopristiformes meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
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rhoda ( 1813 – after 1836 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the third running of the classic 1000 guineas at newmarket racecourse in 1816 and was the most successful racehorse in britain ( in terms of wins ) two years later .

rhoda was one of the most active of all british classic winners , running in at least forty-five contests between 1816 and 1820 and winning twenty-one times .

her actual number of competitive races was even higher as many of her later races were run in multiple heats , with the prize going to the first horse to win twice .

she won the 1000 guineas on her second appearance but did not run as a three-year-old after finishing unplaced in the oaks stakes .

rhoda won three races in 1817 , ten in 1818 , four in 1819 and two in 1820 .

rhoda ( horse )

drag images here or select from your computer for rhoda has no horse palmer memorial .
rhoda horse is an entertainer out of fort wayne , indiana but once called dayton , ohio home .
i thought you might like to see a memorial for rhoda has no horse palmer i found on findagrave . com .
' s colt boniface , who carried 112 pounds , with rhoda in third .
in another instance , when a cow got sick and vomited its owner concluded rhoda caused the illness .
it ' s the most dramatic story about the witch of weare , but hardly the only one . when an animal took sick , and its owner believed rhoda caused it , he would cut off the animal’s tail or an ear and burn it to rid it of rhoda’s spell . this supposedly caused a boil to form on rhoda’s skin .
supermodel hilary rhoda is accusing a woman of stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars from her personal fortune - her mother .
frozen in time , youngsters rhoda cly and ben ellison posed with one of the leeds brewery ' s horses in 1916 .
learning more about rhoda stoddard is easier than you might think . ancestry can help get you started with free walkthrough videos .
' s horse fugitive in a match race over the ditch mile course , winning a prize of 100 guineas .
william and rhoda dustin were innkeepers . farmers traveling to and from markets in massachusetts liked to stop at the dustins ' inn .
dates and places are just part of the picture . ancestry can provide insights into historical events and conditions rhoda stoddard may have experienced .
tiny charger - one of the most consistent performers on the quarter tracks - aqha champion - leading quarter horse racing sire .
rhoda roberts delivers her pitch to punters at the launch of the new boomerang festival , which will be held at the bluesfest site in october .
avery , who previously dated model rachel hunter and actress elisha cuthbert , began dating rhoda in 2009 when the model was at the height of her career .
a few mint copies ( sealed in original boxes ) of this book are available . this is the 6th , and by far the largest of only 6 horse books written by nelson c . nye , quarter horse historian and western novelist . click here for information and availability .
in one last tale , rhoda dustin traveled more than 100 miles from weare to whitefield , n . h . , to attend to her pregnant daughter in a remarkable six hours . she accomplished this by fitting her horse with a special bridle provided by the devil that allowed the animal to fly .
townspeople also claimed she could fly and inflict illness on people and animals . when a young man named reuben favor took ill , the family blamed rhoda dustin .
first , review our adoption application before considering adopting a horse from sfspca . doing so will help answer many questions you may have in advance .
for all the accusations leveled at rhoda , no one tried to officially punish her . after william died , she moved to vermont , where she died in 1824 .
whether rhoda dustin did anything to encourage this superstition isn’t clear , but her neighbors accused her of making all sorts of mischief . if she was angry , they said , she could prevent butter from forming in their churns . the only solution was to take a flat iron and burn out the inside of the churn to remove rhoda’s curse .
in september , the duchess ran without success at the st leger meeting . she was the only horse to oppose blacklock in the doncaster stakes and the doncaster club stakes but was beaten by the younger horse in both races . in the four mile doncaster cup she started favourite but finished fourth of the six runners behind rasping .
a more modern scholar who came to the same conclusions is alexander mackay - smith , he believed that speed originated with the hobby . they published their work in : wallace the horse of america in his derivation , history and development 1897 and mackay - smith the colonial quarter race horse 1983 and speed and the thoroughbred 2000 .
to an outsider travelling through new hampshire in the late 1700s , rhoda dustin seemed a peaceful innkeeper . but the tongue - wagging gossips around her hometown called her the witch of weare .
supermodel hilary rhoda ' sues her mother for stealing her fortune . . . and she responds by attacking newlywed ' s husband sean avery for brainwashing the beauty and not signing a prenup '
william and rhoda dustin were born in southern new hampshire in rockingham county , she in 1736 and he in 1740 . after they married , they came to weare , a town near concord .
following that , reuben’s father and a group of his friends confronted rhoda dustin with an axe , demanding she leave the boy alone . she promised to stop any tormenting . the boy soon recovered .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for karisto . karisto is a gelding born in 2014 september 7 by written tycoon out of verkko
america is blessed with tremendous domestic resources for the sport horse breeder as we have three racehorse breeds ( tb , qh , st ) plus a multitude of other light horse breeds that descend from this same root stock : morgan , saddlebred , tennessee walker and missouri fox trotter . we can capitalize on this science by making an effort to understand the proven mare lines our stock may carry .
the white mountain independent show low , arizona 12 / 03 / 2004 rhoda palmer of whiteriver went to heaven nov . 25 , 2004 . she was born june 21 , 1958 in pine ridge , south dakota . she enjoyed outdoor life , cooking , laughing and making jokes . rhoda is survived by her husband robert palmer , sr . ; daughter stephanie palmer ; her sons , robert palmer , jr . and roman palmer . she is also survived by her parents georgianna and alvin has no horse , sr . ; her sisters marla two crow , mary little whiteman , and rose spoonhunter ; brothers aubrey two crow , aaron two crow , alvin has no horse , jr . , and alan has no horse ; and many aunts , uncles , cousins and friends . a two - night wake will begin saturday , dec . 4 at her residence in whiteriver and home services will be held monday , dec . 6 , at 1 p . m . also at her home . interment will be in canyon day cemetery . silver creek chapel mortuary of whiteriver handled the arrangements .
nearly 100 years on , tetley ' s is preparing to quit its traditional home and rhoda ' s daughter says her late mother would have been
horrified
by the prospect of the beer being brewed outside the white rose county .
stories from the silk road rc 64108 retold by cherry gilchrist read by walter dixon 1 cassette seven folktales—about camels , demons , dragons , and horses—from places along the ancient trade route between the old chinese capital city chang’an and samarkand .
the bride with the horse’s head
tells how a kindhearted chinese girl , betrothed to a horse , became the goddess of silk . for grades 3 - 6 and older readers . 1999 .
william dustin had nothing but an axe and a jug . but the couple eventually prospered as farmers and innkeepers , raising nine children . but rhoda dustin had a reputation around the town for her powers of witchcraft , which she deployed to plague her neighbors .
a fine strong horse , call’d leopard , five years old this grass , fourteen hands three inches high , remarkable for his colour and justness of shape . he goes extreamly well on his legs , and clear of all blemishes .
horse racing being then a popular sport among the men , a number of lumbermen formed the hoo - hoo racing club . the race track was located east on broad street about two and one - half miles from the center of town .
the all - american beauty filed a lawsuit against her mother in federal court back in 2014 according to page six , saying that marianne rhoda forged her signature , diverted funds and even used a company card to go shopping at high - end retailers like neiman marcus and barneys .
nella da gubbio , from whom at least five german derby winners descend , and who is found across the german warmblood sport horses , has the distinction of being descended from the american running horse on both sides of her pedigree - - she is 3 / 4 american bred .
but sibola possessed much more that was of interest to tesio . her third dam perfection ( pedigree ) , a daughter of the delicate leamington , was out of maiden rh - - a daughter of american super horse lexington rh , out of kitty clark rh . the ' rh ' stands for running horse , which was the pre - thoroughbred racing breed of america , and it is actually this running horse breed that took and continues to hold the world records in true distance racing , records that have never been equaled or broken . for instance , lexington rh set a four - mile heat racing record that was only beat once , and for only 1 / 4 of second , and that was done by his grandson fellowcraft , who is the sire of the great lady reel , dam of the sensation hamburg - - see speed gene for more on hamburg . lexington rh , born in 1850 , he still holds the world stallion record ; he was leading sire for sixteen years . the closest modern horse to his sire record is sadlers wells , an american thoroughbred who build a dynasty in england and ireland and he carries 123 lines of lexington rh .
we are living in exciting times for sport horse breeders as every year there seems as if some significant discovery is made concerning sport talent and genetic transmission . for instance , in 2010 the dr mims bower and her research team published their findings that the original foundation mares of the thoroughbred were not ' arabian ' as long believed , but were what she calls ' native ' british and irish mares - these individuals we know as running horse and irish hobby mares from the historical records ( mackay - smith ' speed and the thoroughbred ' ) . then in january of 2012 dr . emmiline hill and her associates further expounded on this , by tracing the ' speed ' gene back to
. . a british mare about 300 years ago , when local british horse types were the preeminent racing horses , prior to the foundation of the thoroughbred racehorse .
read the article below .
for supper , hash was made out of the soup meat . with this was served biscuits , preserves , and milk supplied by the family cow . a large pitcher of milk was an important part of each meal . the cow , along with the horse and buggy were kept in the stable yard behind the house .
this is the same root stock that the american colonists imported for race and saddle stock - - and it was the speed , stamina and athleticism of these early horses that birthed the racehorse breeds of the states . and so it is not surprising that the irish team determined that the american quarter horse carries the speed gene also .
god don’t play rc 64159 by mary monroe read by victoria gordon 2 cassettes annette , from god still don’t like ugly ( rc 59849 ) , has achieved the american dream : husband , daughter , job , and house . when she starts to receive threatening letters and calls , she turns to old friend rhoda to help her uncover the culprit . explicit descriptions of sex , strong language , and some violence . 2006 .
dancing started sometime before sunset and was certain to last until sunrise . contra dances , cotillions , waltzes , and cross - the - corner reels swept steadily on to the music of “turkey - in - the - straw , ” “cotton - eyed joe , ” “the old gray horse came tearing through the wilderness , ” “dinah , ” and “get along liza jane . ”
what does this mean for the breeders of sport horses ? briefly , because equine genetics work the same no matter the breed of horse , we should employ all the knowledge the thoroughbred industry is providing . in particular , we should make breeding decisions with an awareness of the strength of superior mare lines - and we should take steps to bring forward this power to our sport foals .
it will be noted that laelia is shown as a grey mare , although she is by a brown horse out of a bay mare . sheet anchor , her sire , is described in the reference books as a dark brown , and there can be little doubt that her dam , cotillon , was a bay . cotillon , who started favourite for the oaks , was a well - known race mare , and had she been a grey this fact would undoubtedly have been established . there are no grey horses among her ancestors . furthermore , cotillon , covered by camel ( another dark brown horse ) , was sold to germany after producing laelia , and any discrepancy in her description would have been noticed on her arrival at the harzburg stud . the following year ( 1843 ) , cotillon produced a roan foal . the evidence would seem irrefutably to show that after ostensible matings with sheet anchor and camel in 1841 and 1842 respectively , cotillon had been served by a grey stallion , who was responsible for her foals of the following years . it has not been possible hitherto to establish the identity of this grey horse
[ family tables of racehorses ] .
understanding your breeding stock ' s genetic strengths and weaknesses can be the greatest tool you have in your quest for sport horse excellence . recently a recognition of the power of the mare has become a focus in equine breeding . although the genetic contribution of both parents is very important , a realization has surfaced that the maternal strength might instead be responsible for more of the foal ' s attributes .
a brown bay turkish horse , of a good size , strong , and free from all manner of blemish , is kept at constable burton near bedale , in yorkshire , and allowed to serve mares at a guinea each : he was sent from belgrade by general mercie , and is sire to the mare which won the subscription money last year at richmond , being the first that was trained of his breed .
got by a horse call’d quiet cuddy , bred by francis appleyard , esq ; . . . . pilate’s dam was out of esquire bethell’s poor robin’s dam , and was got by sir marmaduke wyvill’s bell grey turk ; her grandam by marwood’s coneyskin , which mare was second to brockles betty at hamilton , and also at new - market . [ newcastle journal . 6 - 13 apr 1754 . no 781 . ]
rhoda is a super - sweet mare looking for her forever home as a companion ( possibly okay for some light riding , we will update once we’ve evaluated her more ) . she came to the south florida spca with 10 other seriously malnourished horses rescued from a ranch in southwest miami - dade on april 8 , 2013 ( view news coverage of her rescue ) . she is a beauty , inside and out , and deserves to live out her days filled with gentle loving care .
wind rider’s oath : bahzell trilogy , book 3 rc 64233 by david weber read by michael scherer 4 cassettes bahzell bahnakson , champion of the war god tomanak , attempts to persuade the sothoii people to help fight against the dark gods . bahzell joins the elite wind riders and their mystical horse - like coursers , while the dark gods plot his demise . sequel to the war god’s own ( rc 63011 ) . violence . 2004 .
sun kissed : the coulter family , book 7 rc 64470 by catherine anderson read by martha harmon pardee 2 cassettes rancher samantha harrigan and veterinarian tucker coulter meet while protecting a horse from its drunken owner . when her own horses are poisoned , samantha suspects her ex - husband . but authorities think that samantha—the insurance beneficiary—is involved . tucker helps prove her innocence . some explicit descriptions of sex and some strong language . bestseller . 2007 .
the pattern of her heart : lights of lowell , book 3 rc 64177 by tracie peterson and judith miller read by mitzi friedlander 2 cassettes 1857 . tragedy forces jasmine houston and her husband nolan to leave their lowell , massachusetts , horse farm and return to her family’s mississippi plantation to oversee the final cotton harvest . jasmine’s plans to free the slaves have unintended consequences . sequel to a love woven true ( rc 60451 ) . 2005 .
tesio was already familiar with the power for speed and stamina that came this way as his first classic winner fidia ( the horse who put tesio on the racing map ) , whose his third dam was inbred 2x2 to lexington rh daughters - - and catnip had lexington rh on her damline as well . obviously , tesio was not blinded by the english bias , instead he was willing to take true performance excellence wherever he found it .
it took them quite a while to get to this point of view . in the early days of the stud book mares seldom got a name of their own , more often they carried names like
daughter of glencoe
identified only in relation to their sire . this had made the study of early thoroughbred pedigrees difficult . it is worse trying to study warmblood and sport horse lineages - - often the mare is just
unknown
.
horse and buggies were still the mode of transportation . but automobiles did appear on the scene in lake charles around 1910 . cars , today considered an everyday necessity , were a much - desired luxury to the people in the 1900’s . the leading makes at the time were overland , buick , ford , oldsmobile , stanley steamer , and the locomobile . to be taken for a ride in one of these new machines was a most exciting experience .
english ( northumbria ) : occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses , from old english stod ‘stud’ or stott ‘inferior kind of horse’ + hierde ‘herdsman’ , ‘keeper’ . there is a difficulty in deriving this name from old english stod in that stud is not recorded in the sense ‘collection of horses bred by one person’ until the 17th century ; before that it denoted a place where horses were kept for breeding , but that sense does not combine naturally with ‘herdsman’ .
but that is not all , tesio was also aware that maiden rh ' s daughter perfection is the full sister to a gelding named parole , and he was the horse that gave the then invincible isonomy his first defeat , which of course added fuel to fire of indignation the british were stoking concerning the american racers . so it was that tesio recognized this passed over mare - - catnip - - was a genetic gold mine , and history has shown how right he was .
to be leap ' d this season , at half a guinea per leap , and a shilling to the boy , a fine stallion called bay childers , bred by the duke of hamilton out of mr bartlet ' s childers and the bay bolton mare , now the property of robert storey his grace ' s groom at hamilton . mares may be immediately served by this horse , which is 15 hands , with strength proportionable in every part , and is 10 years old this grass .
the space age of 1967 is a sharp contrast to the horse and buggy days at the turn of the century . people then read with interest about travelers to new orleans ; people of today look forward to the first trip to the moon . indeed , the miniskirt is a far cry from the fashions of the victorian era , as is rock ‘n roll from the square dance and waltz music of the past , and the private social affairs from the community fais - do - do .
on hindoo ' s side of hanover ' s pedigree was his dam , florence , by the great american racehorse and sire lexington , whose pedigree was considered
impure ,
since the female line pedigree of his grandsire , timoleon , could not be traced in the general stud book . that , and the questions regarding wild medley ' s pedigree , were sufficient to bar hanover ' s progeny from the general stud book when its compiler and publisher , weatherby ' s , announced in 1913 , that horses would not be allowed entry into the stud book unless their pedigrees could be traced
without flaw
to horses already accepted in earlier volumes of the gsb . hanover wasn ' t , of course , the only horse affected - - all lexington descendants were disbarred , along with other families , both english and american , although it had no direct effect on the american stud book , and did not preclude these horses from racing in england . there were , however , inconsistencies and narrow gaps of opportunity for some horses with
stained
pedigrees during the years this policy , known as the jersey act , was gradually hardening , starting around 1897 . thus , rhoda b . ( 1895 ) , hanover ' s daughter , imported into ireland by richard
boss
croker , was subsequently registered in the gsb , and qualified as a horse already admitted to the book prior to the 1913 enactment . so her irish - bred son , epsom derby winner orby , and his sister rhodora , winner of the one thousand guineas , and their descendants were thoroughbreds , by the gsb ' s definition .
of interest , given the possible connection to beverley mentioned above , is a mare by the belgrade turk that was dam of james milnes ' esq ; pilot . pilot was a grey horse foaled in 1739 and , according to cheny , also known as jack of the green . he raced 1745 - 1748 in the north , including beverley , and proved a useful runner , winning 5 of his 13 starts ( including 3 of 4 starts in 1746 ) ; he was advertised as a stallion in 1754 , with the pedigree :
obviously , as mentioned tesio choose his stock and bloodlines with proven performance , no matter what anyone else thought - - and we breeders would be wise to follow his example if we want to create something lasting . the american lines not only had blistering speed , but outstanding stamina , proven by heat - racing test , and so it provided the best of both types in one product . and catnip was no fluke , and it was proven once again by a mare that also slipped into the gsb before the american horse was banned .
like , catnip , it was a good thing lady josephine was entered into the stud book before the jersey act came down , because this pinnacle of english breeding is loaded with american running horse lines ! when lady josephine is written of it is usually her sire sunridge that is given the credit for her amazing influence . sunridge is a potent and very good sire , and he is 4x4x4 to the full brothers rataplan / stockwell - - which makes them 5x5x5 in lady josephine , but seldom mentioned is the strong potency coming via the dam , americus girl .
bred by frank vessels , foaled in 1960 and campaigned by western stables under conditioner earl k . holmes , tiny charger was out of clabber tiny ( by clabber ii from tiny iny , tb ) . as a two - and three - year - old , he earned $ 73 , 356 from straightaway performance . a top aaa , as a three - year - old in 1963 , he won the following stakes : the inaugural at bay meadows ( january 5 ) over jet deck and pacific bars ; the hollywood handicap at bay meadows ( january 26 ) over copan buck and golden note ; and the inaugural at los alamitos ( april 9 ) over chudejs rhoda and moolah bar .
to be leap’d this season at a guinea each mare , a fine bay horse , 7 years old this grass , near 15 hands high , of great beauty , and uncommon strength , he moves justly , sets his ends well , and is free from all natural blemishes : he was got by the belgrade turk , which got the mare call’d after him , that won the great stakes at richmond ; his dam was got by bay bolton , out of the old scarborough mare , which beat the famous bonney black at new - market . this horse may be seen at any time , by enquiring of henry jaques at constable burton , near bedal in yorkshire , where a further account may be had of his pedigree , & c . good grass will be provided for mares at reasonable rates , and such as come above 20 miles , shall have a month’s keeping gratis . all breeders are invited to look at him , and such only wish’d to make use of him as know not where to find a better . —those who desire a leap of the old belgrade turk , may have their mare cover’d at 5 guineas a foal , and nothing in case of failure . [ newcastle courant . 7 apr 1733 . numb . 415 . ]
on sundays the young men of the town often rented a horse and buggy from either edgar ryan ( 900 block of bilbo street ) or the edgar george ( 600 block of ryan street ) livery stable and took their best girls for a ride to walnut grove . many times they stopped for a walk down lover’s lane , the old footbridge crossing pithon coulee near the lake . the bridge , overhung with moss - laden cypress trees , was a favorite walk for young swains . carved in the huge trees and on the wooden bridge railing were interlocked hearts , lovers’ initials , and such amorous expressions as “i love you . ”
the brown laurel ( 1824 ) was born at heslington hall , near york , bred by major nicholas yarburgh from wagtail , who was also bred by the major . wagtail was by prime minister , a half - sister to tranby . laurel was a brother to belinda , who ran second in the doncaster st . leger , and a half - brother to st . leger winner charles xii . he became a great cup horse , and ran until to the age of seven . he ran twice at the age of three , not placing in the york st . leger , and running
a bad third
to matilda in the doncaster st . leger .
just as in human research , the equine scientists are able to trace the mitochondrial dna back and determine true ancestry . this is a huge help now , and will be even more in the future , when we will be able to fill in those gaps in our sport horse pedigrees . for example , it was discovered by this method , that the general stud book ( thoroughbred ) had far fewer foundation mares than they originally thought . and it also turned out that some of the foundation mares were recorded several times , but with different names , plus many of the mares were also found to share a common mother . never before have we had a tool like this - one that can verify bloodlines .
throughout this early period citizens of southwest louisiana were still living a somewhat primitive existence . written in 1960 is a history of the roman catholic church in the area ; it gives an excellent description of those years . the first catholic missionaries came from texas in the early 1850’s , although evidence indicates prior visits did take place . priests from eastern texas , grand coteau , opelousas , and lafayette were all near enough to have come here earlier . however , conditions made missionary work difficult . a horse was the major means of travel , and a good animal cost as much as forty dollars . religious ignorance was another obstacle . adults were indifferent to spiritual matters but did all they could to insure success for the missionary’s work with children .
but there is much more to this humble mare . as i mentioned catnip possessed american thoroughbred lines , and the american thoroughbred and any horse that carried their lines , which had not been previously accepted in the general stud book was not allowed to be registered as thoroughbred in that era ( jersey act ) . her dam sibola was an american thoroughbred brought to england to race before the jersey act was in place . and race she did , winning the prestigious one thousand guineas . it was the consistent performance of our breed , such as sibola , that resulted in the anger and outrage that birthed the jersey act . but sibola had already been added to the gsb before the edict slammed down on american racers and so her offspring could be registered in it .
tiny charger was second in the pomona quarter horse championship to anna dial and second in the los ninos to joe sherry ; and third in the josie bar behind jet deck and anna dial . this was in 1963 . he was fourth in the los alamitos championship stakes , fourth in the los alamitos derby at 440 , fourth in the clabbertown g stakes . he set a new three - year - old colt record in a 350 allowance at los alamitos , taking the win by a nose in : 17 . 72 over straw flight and dari star . his first year on the tracks he ran second in the los alamitos futurity , beaten three - quarters of a length by hustling man ; second by a neck to jet deck in the california bred futurity ; and third to jet deck and top moon in the kindergarten stakes .
history has proven how right tesio ' s choice to buy this mare was , because the dynasty this mare begot is truly one of the most outstanding in the thoroughbred breed . her first daughter nera di bicci produced a racing and sport dynasty in germany through her daughter nella da gubbio , who was by another undervalued sire , grand parade . this sire , even while he was a derby winner , was not thought of well because he the son of another notorious race stealer : the irish - bred orby , who had won both the english and irish derby , handing the english another humiliation . why was this such a problem ? not only was orby bred by the hated irishman croker , who was not allowed to even train at newcastle , but he was out of an american dam ! his dam rhoda b was a daughter of the great hanover , who carried the top mare alice carneal rh 5x6 , who is the dam of lexington rh , and he also had a double of the important vandal rh 5x5 .
of those more immediately successful , one was belinda ( 1825 ) , the sister to laurel and half - sister to st . leger winner charles xii , out of the prime minister mare wagtail . she herself was good enough to run second to the colonel in the doncaster st . leger for her owner , major nicholas yarburgh , and she eventually retired to his stud at heslington hall , near york . she produced a number of foals , her best being tuscan ( 1846 , by lanercost ) , who won the gimcrack stakes ; the doctor ( 1834 , by dr . syntax ) who won the croxteth stakes and was a good cup horse , and the in - bred black lollypop ( 1836 , by voltaire ) , the dam of the good racehorse and sire sweetmeat , who is a key link in the byerley turk sire line . the american horses hastings and plaudit descend tail - female from lollypop , and exceller , broad brush and le ksar have belinda as a tail - female ancestress . la danseuse ( 1828 , out of madame saqui ( half - sister to chester cup winner fylde ) , by remembrancer ) won three races : a sweepstakes at chester at age three , a sweepstakes at manchester , and a sweepstakes at liverpool . in the hampton court stud she produced reel ( 1836 , by camel ) , and from this single thread descends all of family 13 - e , a successful female line of stakes winners on all continents .
belgrade turk mare ( belgrade turk ) bay bolton mare ( bay bolton ) bartlet ' s childers mare ( bartlet ' s childers ) flora ( regulus ) harriet ( matchem ) miss green ( highflyer ) canary ( coriander ) canary bird ( sorcerer ) quadrille ( selim ) | cotillon ( partisan ) | laelia ( sheet anchor ) | caprice ( coronation ) | tawney ( ivan ) | madeline ( plum pudding ) | hollyleaf ( hollywood ) | stella ( necromancer ) . . . . . 22 - a varennes ( selim ) | brocard ( whalebone ) | corumba ( filho da puta ) | zuleika ( muley moloch ) | ladylike ( newminster ) | grand duchess ( lozenge ) . . . . . 22 - d pioneer mare ( pioneer ) echo ( emilius ) . . . . . 22 - b venus ( sir hercules ) mrs . quickly ( longbow ) . . . . . 22 - c
she was first entered as a brood mare in the 1814 supplement to gsb .
bred by lord f g osborne , in 1806 , got by whiskey or sorcerer , her dam , canary , by coriander , out of miss green , by highflyer - harriet , by matchem - flora , by regulus .
her first four produce through 1813 were listed . that list was added to in subsequent editions ; with her list of produce in the 4th edition of vol . iii ( 1883 ) given as
1810 b f by selim … mr gillam 1811 b c ( died a foal ) … 1812 b c fandango , by selim … d of rutland 1813 ch c by dick andrews ( dead ) … mr golding 1815 b f quadrille , by selim … d of rutland 1816 ch f by ditto … mr farrall 1817 b f by haphazard … mr farrall 1818 b f varennes , by selim … ld verulam 1819 b c by orville ( dead ) … mr thornhill 1820 b f by scud , or pioneer … mr thornhill 1822 b c philander , by phantom ( died at 2 yrs old ) … sir t mostyn 1824 b f diamentina , by rubens … sir t mostyn 1826 ch f canary , by woful … mr dilly in 1821 missed to scud , 1823 to selim , 1825 to tiresias , and died in march 1827 , with a colt in her by spectre .
of her seven fillies , three appear to have founded lines that survive to the present : quadrille , by selim , varennes , by selim , and the mare by scud or pioneer .
lord f g osborne ' s canary - bird was a winner of 100 guineas at newmarket as a 2 year old ; although pick gave her pedigree as by whiskey ( or sorcerer ) he counted her amongst whiskey ' s winners for 1808 .
canary bird ' s dam , canary , was not entered as a broodmare in gsb until the 1891 edition of volume one .
❖ canary , bred by mr george dawson , in 1797 , got by coriander - miss green , by highflyer - harriet , by matchem - flora , by regulus . 1804 b c wry nose , by worthy … mr tighe 1805 b f by whiskey , or sorcerer … lord f osborne 1806 br f canary bird , by ditto , or ditto … lord f osborne 1808 br c merlin , by sorcerer … lord f osborne
canary started for mr f dawson , in 1800 ; pick giving her pedigree as
by coriander , out of hippopotamos’s dam , by match’em , grandam by regulus .
a generation is missing from this pedigree , which was corrected by pick when he published pedigrees for hippocampus in 1804 , and don felix in 1806 .
osborne , ld f g don felix , own brother to canary , hippocampus & polly titian , by coriander ; dam , miss green ( hippopotamus & greyhound ' s dam ) by highflyer ; grandam , harriet ( creeper & crawler ' s dam ) by match ' em , out of flora ( marquis ' s dam ) by regulus , & c .
( dam of canary ) was first entered in gsb as a broodmare in the edition of 1808 . that entry remained unchanged until the 5th edition of 1891 , when a note was added that she was sister to mrs jordan .
miss green ( sister to mrs jordan ) , bred by mr tattersall , in 1787 , got by highflyer , her dam , harriet , by matchem , out of flora , by regulus . 1791 b c by garrick … mr dawson 1793 b c hippopotamus , by king fergus … mr dawson 1794 b c greyhound , by sweetbriar ( sent to america ) … mr wentworth 1797 b f canary , by coriander … mr dawson 1799 b f by ditto ( died a foal ) … mr dawson 1800 b f by ditto … mr dawson 1801 b c hippocampus , by ditto … mr dawson 1802 b c don felix , by ditto … lord f g osborne 1803 b f polly titian , by ditto … mr howorth died in november 1803 , with a colt in her by coriander .
, of 1791 , with her list of produce through 1790 . three foals were added to her list of produce in the 1800 supplement , and her latest entry in the 1891 edition reads
harriet , bred by lord rockingham , in 1769 , got by matchem , her dam , flora , by regulus - bartlet ' s childers - bay bolton - belgrade turk . 1776 b f by bellario … mr tattersall 1779 b c by chillaby … mr tattersall 1780 b f by the vernon arabian … mr tattersall 1782 b f by gog … mr tattersall 1784 b f mrs jordan , by highflyer … mr ladbroke 1786 b c creeper , by tandem … lord a hamilton 1787 b f miss green , by highflyer … mr dawson 1788 b c by ditto … duke of bedford 1789 b c by ditto … lord barrymore 1790 b c by ditto … mr pelham 1792 b c crawler , by ditto … duke of grafton 1793 b f by diomed … duke of grafton 1794 b c speculator , by ditto … duke of grafton
harriet was among the horses listed for sale in one of mr tattersall ' s advertisements in 1778 .
to be sold by private contract , by mr tatterall , near hyde - park turnpike . lot . xiv . harriet , a bay mare , got by match ' em her dam ( flora ) by regulus , her grand dam by bartlet ' s childers , her great grand dam by bay bolton , great great grand dam by belgrade ; the dam of this mare was the dam of marquis and count ; covered by chillaby . [ weatherby ' s racing calendar ( newspaper ) 4 nov 1778 ; issue xv . ]
mr tattersall also advertised for sale harriet ' s 1784 filly by highflyer ( later mrs jordan ) .
to be sold by private contract , by mr tattersall , and to be seen at ely , cambridgeshire , thirteen miles from newmarket . september , 1784 . rising one year old . 17 a bay filly , with a star and snip , both hind legs and off fore heel white , got by highflyer , her dam by match’em , grand dam flora , by regulus , great grand dam by bartlett’s childers , great great grand dam by bay bolton , great great great grand dam by belgrade . - - n b the grand dam of this filly was the dam of marquis and count . n b the price of the colts 100gs , the fillies 50gs each . [ weatherby ' s racing calendar ( newspaper ) 29 sep 1784 . numb . xiii . ]
flora , bred by sir w strickland , got by regulus , her dam by bartlet ' s childers , grand dam by bay bolton , great grand dam by the belgrade turk . 1755 c by sloe … ld rockingham 1757 b c by whitefoot … ld rockingham 1758 c by ditto … ld rockingham 1760 b f by the godolphin colt ( grand dam of nottingham ) … ld rockingham 1761 b c marquis , by the godolphin colt … mr vernon 1762 f by the godolphin colt ( dam of copperbottom ) … ld rockingham 1764 br c by sampson … ld rockingham 1766 b f marchioness , by the godolphin colt … mr vernon 1767 br b f by sampson … ld rockingham 1768 c by sampson … ld rockingham 1769 b f harriet , by matchem ( dam of creeper ) … mr blake 1770 b c hotspur , by ditto … ld bolingbroke 1771 c by squirrel … ld bolingbroke 1772 br c count , by snap … mr jennings 1776 c viscount , by chillaby … mr jennings 1780 b c by ditto … mr dowson
although flora was a broodmare from a fairly early date in lord rockingham ' s stud , she is only mentioned twice in records of his examined to date , and his lordship does not appear to have had a pedigree or breeders certificate for her amongst his papers . pick , in his
, ( vol . i , 1803 ; p 381 ) says flora was a gift to lord rockingham from mr wentworth ( from his name , likely a kinsman of his lordship ) and that she was foaled about 1749 or ' 50 . this would make flora 30 years old at the time of her last foal . however , it is rare in thoroughbred records for mares to have foals so late in life , and a somewhat later foaling date seems more likely , perhaps about 1752 .
a question also arises about her breeder , since no
sir
w strickland seems to have been alive during the time period in question . sir william strickland , the 4th baronet of boynton died in 1735 , and the next william strickland , born in 1753 , did not become baronet until after the death of his father , sir george , in 1808 . another member of the extended strickland family ( william , 1714 - 1788 ) , is said to have been
of beverley .
he is described in the online history of parliament as second son of walter strickland , also of beverley , by his wife elizabeth peirson of mowthorpe , yorks . the father walter was a brother of sir william strickland , the 3rd baronet . beverley , late in the 17th century and through the first half of the 18th century had several active breeders , and bruce lowe ' s families 26 , 31 , and 40 were fostered there . names of early breeders and proprietors of running horses mentioned in
, . . . george poulson , esqr , vol . ii , 1829 mentioned the following in the list of
eminent seats of gentlemen in beverley
of about 1723 :
sir charles hotham , bart . in eastgate sir michael warton , adjoining north bar - - - warton , esq . in newbigin alured popple , esq . let to mr richard burton , in ditto [ within north bar ] warton warton , esq in eastgate , let to sir robt . hildyard , bart . ; francis apleyard , esq . in laregate , formerly st giles ; francis appleyard , esq . in tollgavel , let to samuel dalton , esq ;
the only breeder known to have patronized all the stallions in flora ' s pedigree ( regulus , bartlet ' s childers , bay bolton , and the belgrade turk , which he owned ) is sir marmaduke wyvill .
this mare does not have an entry in gsb , and no historical information has been found about her .
the
own brother to childer ' s
was advertised for sale as part of
the stud , late of mr william ovington of cowling , nigh beedal , in the county of york .
[
. 24 feb 1727 - 8 ] there is also an existing stallion advertisement for him , as mr bartlet ' s , in the same newspaper from 20 apr 1728 ( numb . 56 . ) .
at mr bartlet ' s at nutwith - coate nigh masham , bedale and rippon , in the north - riding of the county of york , will be leap ' d this season , the full brother to the duke of devonshire ' s famous childers at 3 guineas , and half a crown a mare , where mares may be kept in good grass , and well taken care of .
bartlet ' s childers ( late ovington ' s ) had definitely dated foals 1726 - 1738 . given the next crosses in flora ' s pedigree , the bartlet ' s childers mare was probably foaled later , sometime after 1731 .
bay bolton mare this mare does not have a broodmare entry in gsb , and historical information is also lacking . bay bolton was probably kept as a private stallion by the duke of bolton , since no advertisements to the public have been located , and he appears mostly in pedigrees of horses bred either by the duke himself or his family , friends , and associates . bay bolton had definitely dated foals 1715 - 1732 . this mare was probably foaled towards the latter end of that range , 1727 or later .
this mare has neither a broodmare entry in gsb nor any known historical information .
the mare mentioned in the above advertisement was sir marmaduke wyvill ' s bay mare ; she won the 120 guineas for 5 years old at richmond , 18 jun 1728 , beating four others , and then looks to have become the duke of somerset ' s mare known as belgrade , which he started for the king ' s plate for 5 year old mares at newmarket the following april .
the belgrade turk appeared in one more advertisement for his son ( later called young belgrade or belgrade the 2nd and sometimes confused with his father ) . by that time , the fee for the
old belgrade turk
had risen from the original one guinea to 5 guineas , well above the going rate .
from the first advertisement , it appears that the belgrade turk probably began his career in england as a stallion about 1722 . he has definitely dated foals 1723 - 1739 , but the mare in question , in order to have been flora ' s great grandam , was probably foaled before 1728 .
both francis appleyard , esq ; and mr bethell were breeders in beverley , and pilot ' s dam is one of the few mares known to have been sired by the belgrade turk . that pilot ' s grandam was a contemporary of brocklesby betty suggests she was also foaled around 1711 , and implies that marwood ' s coneyskin ( later mr hutton ' s coneyskins , according to pick ,
, i , 1803 ; p 160 ) must have been foaled no later than 1708 , further distinguishing him from the duke of rutland ' s coneyskins ( 1712 ) winner of 5 king ' s plates in 1719 . marwood ' s
old coney - skins
is mentioned in one other advertisement .
he was got by capt . appleyard’s single - peeper , out of a fine mares , whose sire was carried abroad by mr sitlington , and reported to have been sold , to the emperor of germany , for a very considerable sum of money .
n b single - peeper’s performances are so well known , that it is needless to repeat them . [
whether the coneyskins mare in the above advertisement ( dam of craftsman and grandam of appleyard ' s singlepeeper ) was the same as pilot ' s grandam ( and dam of bethell ' s poor robin ) is unknown .
describes laelia as a grey :
1842 laelia gr . f .
[ gsb 5 : 32 ] .
on the other hand , it is also possible that the matings of cotillon occurred exactly as reported to the stud book and rather that cotillon was not the dam of laelia . it is also possible that laelia was a sabino , a relatively modern colour distinction , rather than a grey .
an example of a roan hunter by james seymour ( 1702c - 1752 ) illustrates that
roan
did not always mean
grey
. colour theorists suggest that the roan gene has never been present in the thoroughbred , thus , when the term
roan
is used to describe a coat colour it is generally assumed that the colour was actually grey , sabino or rabicano . the latter two are widely distributed throughout the breed .