thomas 's water mouse ( rheomys thomasi ) is a species of rodent in the family cricetidae found in el salvador , guatemala , and mexico at altitudes of 400 to 2700 m .

it lives near forest streams and is semiaquatic ; its carnivorous diet includes both invertebrates and small vertebrates .

the conservation status of the species is rated as " near threatened " because of the small size of its range and the threat of degradation of its habitat , including the water quality of the streams it lives along .

thomas ' s water mouse

the thomas ' s water mouse is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
stirton , r . a . 1944 . tropical mammal trapping i : the water mouse rheomys . journal of mammalogy 25 : 337 - 343 .
a young / baby of a thomas is called a ' pinkie , kitten or pup ' . the females are called ' doe ' and males ' buck ' . a thomas group is called a ' nest , colony , harvest , horde or mischief ' .
stream degradation and water quality degradation are major threats due to its reliance on stream habitats . other potential threats include landslides .
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note : data presented in infonatura at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of april 2007 . note : this report was printed on .
this rodent is found along streams through most forest types and second growth ( reid 1997 ) . it is sometimes found on very small streams and steeps in forests , and may be more generalized in diet and habits than other water mice . in el salvador , foods eaten include insects , birds , salamanders , mammals ( possibly another rheomys ) , and starchy pulp ( stirton 1944 ) . one individual from guatemala had eaten stonefly and mayfly larvae , beetles , and part of a catfish ( hooper 1968 ) . a captive mouse readily consumed small fish and aquatic insect larvae ( reid 1997 ) .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
citation for bird range maps : ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2005 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 2 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
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mcknight , m . ( global mammal assessment team ) & amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority )
justification : listed as near threatened because its extent of occurrence is probably not much greater than 20 , 000 km 2 , and the extent and quality of its habitat are probably declining , thus making the species close to qualifying for vulnerable under criterion b1b ( iii ) .
this species occurs in the highlands of south méxico ( chiapas ) , guatemala , el salvador and honduras ( musser and carleton 2005 ) . it is found from 400 m to 2 , 700 m ( reid 1997 ) .
occurs in el triunfo national park in mexico and in el imposible national park in el salvador . expected to occur in sierra de las minas national park in guatemala .
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hooper , e . t . 1968 . habitats and food of amphibious mice of the genus rheomys . journal of mammalogy 49 : 550 - 553 .
musser , g . g . and carleton , m . d . 2005 . superfamily muroidea . in : d . e . wilson and d . a . reeder ( eds ) , mammal species of the world : a geographic and taxonomic reference , pp . 894 - 1531 . the john hopkins university press , baltimore , usa .
reid , f . 2009 . a field guide to the mammals of central america and southeast mexico . oxford university press , new york , usa .
: d thanks uncle philip . this was a nice quick find , with plenty of parking right across the street . with all the traffic , i had to be quick like a tiger crossing the street . tftc tiger photo attached :
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musser , guy g . , and michael d . carleton / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 2
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
infonatura species index : 351 - 400 of 479 records in family muridae of order rodentia .
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oeneis ( the arctics or graylings ) is a butterfly genus of the satyrinae .

all but one of its members are arctic , sub-arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution .

some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along in the harshest climates of any butterflies .

four species in europe , more are found in arctic russia , siberia , mongolia , arctic north america and the rocky mountains .

curiously , there are no observations from greenland .

the development of most species takes two years .

oeneis

macoun ' s arctic oeneis macounii ( w . h . edwards , 1885 )
oeneis chione austaut , 1911 ; ent . zs . 24 ( 44 ) : 244
oeneis arasaguna austaut , 1911 ; ent . zs . 24 ( 44 ) : 243
oeneis beanii elwes , 1893 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1893 : 476
oeneis elwesi tannuola o . bang - haas , 1927 ; ; tl : schawyr , tannuola
oeneis alberta elwes , 1893 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1893 : 467
diversification of the cold - adapted butterfly genus oeneis related to holarctic biogeography and climatic niche shifts .
(
attributes of oeneis uhleri
, 2014 ; opler , et al . , 2006 )
oeneis buddha pygmea gross , 1970 ; ; tl : tibet , ca . 35°n , 95°e , 4500m
(
oeneis uhleri varuna
, 2014 ; a . layberry , et al . , 2002 )
oeneis tarpeia ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31
oeneis sculda ; [ bru ] , 237 ; [ bow ] : pl . 203 , f . 17
oeneis tarpeja [ sic , recte tarpeia ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 204 , f . 1
oeneis norna hilda ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31
oeneis norna peartiae ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31
= oeneis norna semidea ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31
oeneis actaeoides lukhtanov , 1989 ; vestn . zool . 4 : 30 ; tl : verkhoyansk , endybal river , yakutia
oeneis pseudosatyra nakahara , 1920 ; can . ent . 52 ( 6 ) : 138 ; tl : horisha , formosa
oeneis velleda austaut , 1912 ; int . ent . zs . 5 ( 51 ) : 366 , f . 5
macoun ' s arctic oeneis macounii ( w . h . edwards , 1885 ) | butterflies and moths of north america
diversification of the cold - adapted butterfly genus oeneis related to holarctic biogeography and climatic niche shifts . - pubmed - ncbi
habits : oeneis alpina breeds in wet grassy tundra but is most frequently found on dry rocky hilltops where the males congregate .
oeneis daisetsuzana matsumura , 1926 ; ins . matsumurana 1 ( 2 ) : 104 ; tl : hokkaido , mt . daisetsu
oeneis chryxus socorro holland , 2010 ; j . lep . soc . 64 ( 3 ) : ( 161 - 165 )
oeneis vacuna grum - grshimailo , 1891 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 25 ( 3 - 4 ) : 458
oeneis buddha grum - grshimailo , 1891 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 25 ( 3 - 4 ) : 458
oeneis polixenes polixenes ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , f . 11 - 12
oeneis mckinleyensis dos passos , 1949 ; amer . mus . novit . no . 1389 : 2 ; tl : mckinley park , alaska
oeneis chryxus valerata burdick , 1958 ; lepid . news 11 ( 1 - 3 ) : 23 ; tl : washington , olympic mountains
remarks : this species has previously been called oeneis excubitor troubridge , philip , scott , and shepard , 1982 , in north america , but examination of kurentzov ' s original type specimen of oeneis alpina in vladivostok , russia , showed that alpina is the same species as excubitor .
oeneis nanna ; [ bru ] , 237 ; [ bow ] : pl . 203 , f . 18 ; [ mrs ] , 402
oeneis urda ; [ bru ] , 238 ; [ bow ] : pl . 203 , f . 19 ; [ mrs ] , 402
(
attributes of oeneis uhleri
, 2014 ; a . layberry , et al . , 2002 ; coffin and pfannmuller , 1988 )
? oeneis jutta harperi dos passos , [ 1977 ] ; j . res . lepid . 15 ( 4 ) : ( 211 - 213 )
oeneis alpina kurentzov , 1970 ; butterflies of the ussr far east : 74 , f . 42 , 44 ; tl : omsukchan , magadan region
oeneis ammosovi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 28
oeneis nanna kluanensis hassler & feil , 2002 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 22 ( 4 ) : ( 197 - 205 )
howell , d . 2014 .
oeneis uhleri
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
oeneis melissa also ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 1
oeneis magna magna ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 5
oeneis norna var . tundra bang - haas , 1912 ; dt . ent . z . iris 26 ( 2 ) : 104 ; tl : sajan
oeneis actaeoides actaeoides ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 10
oeneis elwesi ulugchemi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 5
oeneis nanna dzhulukuli ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 8
oeneis buddha brahma ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 24
oeneis tunga ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 23 - 27
oeneis philipi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 24 - 25
oeneis var . caryi dyar , 1904 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 6 ( 3 ) : 142 ; tl : smith landing , athabasca
= oeneis mongolica mongolica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 7
oeneis nanna coreana matsumura , 1927 ; insecta matsumurana 1 ( 4 ) : 163 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : corea , genzan
2014 .
attributes of oeneis uhleri
( on - line ) . butterflies and moths of north america . accessed march 24 , 2014 at urltoken .
oeneis melissa melissa ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 10 - 12
oeneis melissa orientalis ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 2 - 3
oeneis melissa daizetsuzana ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 4 - 9
oeneis jutta jutta ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 1 - 4
oeneis jutta akoene ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 5 - 8
oeneis jutta sibirica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 9 - 10
oeneis magna dubia ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 1 - 4
oeneis magna magadanica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 6 - 9
oeneis magna uchangi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 10 - 11
oeneis norna norna ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 16 - 20
oeneis norna altaica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 21 - 24
oeneis norna tundra ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 1 - 3
oeneis norna asamana ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 4 - 9
oeneis polixenes luteus ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 16 - 19
oeneis alpina execubitor ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 26 - 27
oeneis elwesi tannuola ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 3 - 4
oeneis aktashi aktashi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 13 - 15
oeneis ammon ammon ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 16 - 17
oeneis bore bore ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 18 - 21
oeneis semidea var . pansa christoph , 1893 ; dt . ent . zeit . iris , 6 ( 1 ) : 87 ; tl : vitim river , transbaikalia
oeneis bore pansa ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 22 - 26
oeneis bore arasaguna ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 27 - 28
oeneis bore taygete ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 6 - 8
oeneis taygete fordi dos passos , 1949 ; amer . mus . novit . no . 1399 : ( 1 - 21 ) ; tl : kuskokwim river , alaska
oeneis bore edwardsi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 9 - 12
oeneis nevadensis nevadensis ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 13 - 15
oeneis chryxus chryxus ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 20 - 21
oeneis alberta alberta ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 1 - 8
oeneis uhleri uhleri ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 17 - 18
oeneis sculda sculda ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 21 - 28
oeneis sculda pseudosculda ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 1 - 2
oeneis sculda pumila ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 3 - 7
oeneis nanna nanna ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 17 - 24
oeneis nanna anna ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 9 - 16
oeneis urda urda ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 19 / 20 , f . 7 - 20
oeneis urda tschiliensis ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 19 / 20 , f . 21 - 25
oeneis mongolica mongolica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 1 - 8
oeneis mongolica hoenei ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 9 - 12
oeneis mongolica walkyria ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 18 - 28
oeneis tarpeja baueri ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 23 / 24 , f . 8 - 14
oeneis tarpeja grossi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 23 / 24 , f . 15 - 20
oeneis buddha buddha ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 1 - 7
oeneis buddha dejeani ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 8 - 9
oeneis buddha grieshuberi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 10 - 14
oeneis buddha kincli ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 15 - 16
oeneis buddha frankenbachi ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 17 - 20
oeneis buddha pygmea ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 9 , pl . 25 / 26 , f . 21 - 23
oeneis melissa ; [ bru ] , 233 ; [ nacl ] , # 4612 ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 3 ; [ opler ]
oeneis taygete gaspeensis dos passos , 1949 ; amer . mus . novit . no . 1399 : ( 1 - 21 ) ; tl : mt . albert , quebec
oeneis diluta lukhtanov , 1994 ; herbipoliana , 3 : 138 , pl . 25 , f . 5 ; tl : südsibirien , tuva , ujukski - gebirge , sush
= oeneis mongolica mongolica ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 3 , 5
oeneis mulla staudinger , 1881 ; stettin ent . ztg 42 ( 7 - 9 ) : 270 ; tl : s . slope of the tarbagatai mts , e . kazakhstan
oeneis nahanni dyar , 1904 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 6 ( 3 ) : 142 ; tl : nahanni mts . , mackenzie , 2 , 500ft
oeneis fulla ; [ bru ] , 239 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 28
(
oeneis uhleri varuna
, 2014 ;
the butterflies of the world foundation : uhler ' s arctic
, 2004 ; opler , et al . , 2006 )
oeneis nanna walkyria ab . shonis matsumura , 1927 ; insecta matsumurana 1 ( 4 ) : 163 , pl . 5 , f . 2 ; tl : corea , mt . daitoku
oeneis melissa beanii ; [ nacl ] , # 4612e ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 19
oeneis mulla ; [ bru ] , 238 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 1 - 2
oeneis chryxus valerata ; [ nacl ] , # 4606b ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 22
oeneis diluta ; [ bru ] , 238 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 19 / 20 , f . 5 - 6
oeneis lederi ; [ bru ] , 236 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 23 / 24 , f . 21 - 24
oeneis bore ; [ bru ] , 235 ; [ bow ] : pl . 18 , f . 13 ; [ nacl ] , # 4610 ; [ opler ] ; [ otakar kudrna ]
oeneis taygete edwardsi dos passos , 1949 ; amer . mus . novit . no . 1399 : ( 1 - 21 ) ; tl : san juan mts . , hinsdale co . , colorado
oeneis mongolica koreana [ sic , recte coreana ] ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 13 - 17
oeneis tarpeja tarpeja [ sic , recte tarpeia ] ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 23 / 24 , f . 1 - 7
oeneis melissa semidea ; [ nacl ] , # 4612a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 13 - 14
oeneis melissa gibsoni ; [ nacl ] , # 4612d ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 15 - 18
oeneis melissa lucilla ; [ nacl ] , # 4612f ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 1 , pl . 1 / 2 , f . 20 - 22
oeneis jutta ascerta ; [ nacl ] , # 4611g ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 12 - 15
oeneis jutta chermocki ; [ nacl ] , # 4611d ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 21 - 22
oeneis jutta reducta ; [ nacl ] , # 4611e ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 23 - 24
oeneis polixenes katahdin ; [ nacl ] , # 4613a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 13 - 15
oeneis polixenes brucei ; [ nacl ] , # 4613d ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 4 , pl . 7 / 8 , f . 20 - 23
oeneis bore hanburyi ; [ nacl ] , # 4610a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 1 - 5
oeneis chryxus strigulosa ; [ nacl ] , # 4606c ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 1 - 8
oeneis chryxus caryi ; [ nacl ] , # 4606e ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 15 - 19
oeneis chryxus stanislaus ; [ nacl ] , # 4606a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 23 - 24
oeneis alberta daura ; [ nacl ] , # 4608c ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 9 - 12
oeneis uhleri reinthali ; [ nacl ] , # 4607a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 19 - 20
oeneis dzhugdzhuri sheljuzhko , 1929 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 19 : 349 , pl . 28 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : yankansky mts . , nw . amur
oeneis norna ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ bru ] , 235 ; [ bow ] : pl . 8 , f . 8
oeneis ammon elwes , 1899 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1899 ( 3 ) : 356 , pl . 14 , f . 2 , 7 ; tl : severo - chuisky mts .
(
attributes of oeneis uhleri
, 2014 ;
the butterflies of the world foundation : uhler ' s arctic
, 2004 ; a . layberry , et al . , 2002 ; bromilow , 2007 )
oeneis aktashi lukhtanov , 1984 ; ent . obozr . , 63 ( 4 ) : 785 , f . 43 - 45 , 52 - 57 ; tl : altai , kuraisky mts . , aktash , 2500 - 2700m
oeneis nanna jakutski ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 7 , pl . 17 / 18 , f . 25 - 28 , pl . 19 / 20 , f . 1 - 4
oeneis urda monteviri ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 8 , pl . 19 / 20 , f . 26 - 28 , pl . 21 / 22 , f . 1 - 2
oeneis tarpeia grossi eitschberger & lukhtanov , 1994 ; atalanta 25 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 , pl . va , f . 1 - 3 ; tl : s . siberia , buretia , 20km nw selenduma , 600m
oeneis nevadensis ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 4604 ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 4 ; [ opler ]
oeneis chryxus ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 4606 ; [ bow ] : pl . 18 , f . 23 ; [ opler ]
oeneis glacialis ; [ bow ] : pl . 8 , f . 5 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 3 , pl . 5 / 6 , f . 12 - 15 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
oeneis uhleri ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 5 ; [ nacl ] , # 4607 ; [ opler ]
oeneis ivallda ; [ nacl ] , # 4603 . 1 ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 1 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 19 - 22
oeneis jutta ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ bru ] , 239 ; [ bow ] : pl . 8 , f . 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 4611 ; [ opler ] ; [ otakar kudrna ]
oeneis jutta alaskensis ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 4611a ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 2 , pl . 3 / 4 , f . 18 - 20
oeneis chryxus calais ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 4606d ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 13 / 14 , f . 9 - 14
oeneis uhleri varuna ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 4607b ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 15 / 16 , f . 13 - 16
opler , p . a . , h . pavulaan , r . e . stanford , and m . pogue , coordinators . 2006 . butterflies and moths of north america : uhler ' s arctic ( oeneis uhleri ) . bozeman , montana : nbii mountain prairie information node . . accessed 20 july 2006 .
oeneis hora ; grum - grshimailo , 1890 , in romanoff , mém . lép . 4 : 454 , pl . 20 , f . 1 ; [ bru ] , 234 ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 5 , pl . 9 / 10 , f . 6 - 12
oeneis macounii ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 4605 ; [ bow ] : pl . 19 , f . 2 ; [ opler ] ; lukhtanov & eitschberger , 2000 , butterflies of the world , 11 : 6 , pl . 11 / 12 , f . 16 - 18
diagnosis : the upperside is orange brown , with the basal two - thirds of both wings darker , especially in the male . there are one to three usually white - centred eyespots on the forewing , usually two on the hindwing , above and below . the hindwing underside is striated dark brown and grey , usually paler near the margin . wingspan : 36 to 47 mm .
range : the range of alpina extends in a band across northern alaska and northern yukon , south to keno , and into the northwest territories as far east as ford lake .
similar species : the chryxus arctic ( o . chryxus ) is similar , but the two hindwing eye - spots and brown basal two - thirds of the wings distinguish alpina . [ compare images ]
abundance : generally a local , uncommon species , but it can be fairly common in areas where males congregate on hilltops .
flight season : late june to mid - july , tending to be biennial . it flies mainly in even years from the mackenzie delta eastward and mainly in odd years farther west .
© 2002 . this material is reproduced with permission from the butterflies of canada by ross a . layberry , peter w . hall , and j . donald lafontaine . university of toronto press ; 1998 . specimen photos courtesy of john t . fowler .
chionobas boisduval , 1832 ; icon . hist . lépid . europe 1 ( 17 - 18 ) : 182 ; ts : papilio aello hübner
papilio melissa fabricius , 1775 ; syst . ent . : 513 ; tl : labrador , canada
melissa also ( boisduval , [ 1834 ] ) ; icon . hist . lépid . europe 1 ( 19 - 20 ) : pl . 40 , f . 1 - 2
e . kazakhstan ( tarbagatai , saur mts . ) . see [ maps ]
hipparchia ( chinobas ) fulla eversmann , 1851 ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 24 ( 2 ) : 614 a ; tl : tarbagatai mts . , kazakhstan
500x506 ( ~ 54kb ) underside finland , pihtipudas , liitonjärvi , 703 : 44 , 30 . 6 . 1996 , photo © tero piirainen
scandinavia , finland , baltic , e . poland , byelorussia , n . european russia , ural , w . siberia , s . siberia , yenisei , amur , sakhalin , n . mongolia , ne . china , n . korea
se . manitoba , ontario , quebec , minnesota , wisconsin , n . michigan , n . maine , n . new hampshire
altai - s . siberia - far east , amur , mongolia , n . china . see [ maps ]
s . siberia , transbaikalia , s . yakutia , amur , sikhote - alin , shantar is . , ne . china ( manchuria ) , ne . mongolia
531x500 ( ~ 60kb ) underside male a subalpine larch parkland on the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range between the chikty and akbul rivulets , 2300 m above sea level , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 11th july 1998 ( on geranium krylovii tzvelev , 1993 ) , photo © oleg kosterin
616x700 ( ~ 138kb ) underside a subalpine larch parkland on the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range between the chikty and akbul rivulets , 2300 m above sea level , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 11th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
1093x861 ( ~ 372kb ) underside a dry open pinus sibirica du tour stand on a rocky granite ridge between the akkem and aryskan rivers 2300 m above sea level , the akkem river basin , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 4th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
918x1224 ( ~ 703kb ) underside a dry open pinus sibirica du tour stand on a rocky granite ridge between the akkem and aryskan rivers 2300 m above sea level , the akkem river basin , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 4th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
1224x918 ( ~ 783kb ) underside a dry open pinus sibirica du tour stand on a rocky granite ridge between the akkem and aryskan rivers 2300 m above sea level , the akkem river basin , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 4th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
1167x918 ( ~ 531kb ) underside a dry open pinus sibirica du tour stand on a rocky granite ridge between the akkem and aryskan rivers 2300 m above sea level , the akkem river basin , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 4th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
papilio aello hübner , [ 1803 - 1804 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 1 ] : pl . 102 , f . 519 - 521
lappland , n . siberia ( polar tundra ) , altai , targbagatai , japan , circumpolar ? . see [ maps ]
891x560 ( ~ 121kb ) underside stony bank of the chikty rivulet among alpine meadow / dwarf birch thickets , 2500 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 13th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
566x551 ( ~ 59kb ) underside male an alpine meadow in the valley of the left headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2600 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 9th july 1998 ( on of angelica archangelica ) , photo © oleg kosterin
617x574 ( ~ 80kb ) underside male an alpine meadow in the valley of the left headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2600 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 9th july 1998 ( on lagotis integrifolia ) , photo © oleg kosterin
823x596 ( ~ 121kb ) underside male an alpine meadow in the valley of the left headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2600 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 11th july 1998 ( on horse dung ) , photo © oleg kosterin
516x392 ( ~ 40kb ) underside male an alpine meadow in the valley of the left headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2600 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 11th july 1998 ( on horse dung ) , photo © oleg kosterin
887x1070 ( ~ 500kb ) underside an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 4rd july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
chionobas katahdin newcomb , 1901 ; ent . news 12 ( 7 ) : 206
polixenes subhyalina ( curtis , 1835 ) ; in ross , nar . 2 nd voy . n . w . passage : lxviii
chionobas brucei edwards , 1891 ; can . ent . 23 ( 2 ) : 33
chionobas peartiae edwards , 1897 ; butts n . amer . 3 : pl . 14
n . british columbia , yukon , northwest territories , alaska . see [ maps ]
e . kasakhstan ( saur , tarbagatai , monrak mts . ) . see [ maps ]
se . tuva ( tannuola mts . ) , nw . mongolia , n . mongolia
kirgizia ( alai , trans - alai , kirghiztan mts . , tian shan ) , tajikistan ( trans - alai , n . pamir ) , uzbekistan ( tian shan ) , kazakhstan ( ketmen mts . , kungey and transili alatau ) , w . china ( boro - choro mts . , e . tian shan ) . see [ maps ]
777x747 ( ~ 133kb ) underside female an alpine meadow in the valley of a headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2500 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 15th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
738x636 ( ~ 133kb ) underside male an alpine meadow in the valley of a headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2500 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 15th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
600x506 ( ~ 57kb ) underside finland : li : utsjoki puollamoaivi , 775 : 50 , 8 . 7 . 1997 , photo © markku savela
bore hanburyi ( watkins , 1928 ) ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 1 ( 5 ) : 617
600x668 ( ~ 78kb ) female usa : fr 9711 , hurley creek ( 47°18 ' 31n 120°36 ' 56w ) , kittitas co . , wa , 5 . 7 . 2000 , photo © markku savela
700x889 ( ~ 120kb ) underside female usa : fr 9711 , hurley creek ( 47°18 ' 31n 120°36 ' 56w ) , kittitas co . , wa , 5 . 7 . 2000 , photo © markku savela
640x649 ( ~ 79kb ) underside male usa : fr 9711 , ( 47°18 ' 23n 120°36 ' 31w ) , kittitas co . , wa , 7 . 7 . 2000 , photo © markku savela
1100x1050 ( ~ 173kb ) upperside male usa : washington , chelan co . , lepsoc 2010 field trip ( eagle creek ? ) , 11 . 7 . 2010 , photo © markku savela
british columbia , alberta , s . northwest territories , saskatchewan , manitoba , ontario , quebec , minnesota , michigan . see [ maps ]
chionabas macounii edwards , 1885 ; can . ent . 17 ( 4 ) : 74
1600x1200 ( ~ 288kb ) upperside male assiniboine , ab , 4 . vi . 1995 , photo 2004 © joseph belicek
1600x1200 ( ~ 256kb ) underside male assiniboine , ab , 4 . vi . 1995 , photo 2004 © joseph belicek
chionobas ivallda mead , 1878 ; can . ent . 10 ( 10 ) : 196
chionobas chryxus doubleday , [ 1849 ] ; gen . diurn . lep . ( 2 ) : 383 , ( 1 ) pl . 64 , f . 1
chionobes calais scudder , 1865 ; proc . ent . soc . phil . 5 ( 1 ) : 7
manitoba , saskatchewan , alberta , british columbia , montana , n . dakota ,
chionobas daura strecker , 1894 ; can . ent . 26 ( 8 ) : 225
british columbia , alberta , saskatchewan , manitoba , montana , north dakota , south dakota , nebraska , w . minnesota
sculda ( eversmann , 1851 ) ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 24 ( 2 ) : 612 ; tl : kyakhta , buryatia , russia
730x725 ( ~ 141kb ) underside female an alpine meadow in the valley of the left headwater of the chikty rivulet , 2600 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
1052x979 ( ~ 356kb ) underside female an alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the kamdyt valley , a tekelyu river right tributary which in turn is an akkem river right tributary , the katunskii range northern principal slope , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai rapublic , west siberia , russia . 3th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
altai , tuva , sayan mts . , s . buryatia , ne . mongolia
nanna ( ménétriés , 1859 ) ; in schrenck , reise forschungen amur - lande 2 ( 1 ) : 38 , pl . 3 , f . 5 ; tl : amur river
880x722 ( ~ 181kb ) underside female a meadowy sw slope of a ridge between the headwaters of the chikty rivulet , 2700 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
600x912 ( ~ 175kb ) underside male a dry rocky southern slope of a ridge between the headwaters of the chikty rivulet , 2700 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
412x566 ( ~ 85kb ) underside male a dry rocky southern slope of a ridge between the headwaters of the chikty rivulet , 2700 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
826x859 ( ~ 252kb ) underside male a dry rocky southern slope of a ridge between the headwaters of the chikty rivulet , 2700 m above sea level , the southern principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
se . altai ( kurai , s . tchuja , sailjugem mts . , ukok - plateau ) , w . tuva
533x400 ( ~ 40kb ) underside male an open pine forest on the hill just north of the chita city , transbaikalia , siberia , russia . 17th june 1995 , photo © oleg kosterin
n . altai , s . siberia , transbaikal , amur , primorye , yakutia , n . mongolia , ne . china
tarpeia ( pallas , 1771 ) ; reise russ . reich . 1 : 470 ; tl :
in campis aridis ad volgam
486x392 ( ~ 47kb ) underside a steppen rocky southern slope of the hill sopka mokhnataya of the hill chain called bugotakskie sopki , toguchin district , novosibirsk province , russia . 12th june 1995 , photo © oleg kosterin
1000x1000 ( ~ 143kb ) upperside female russia , siberia , krasnoyarskii krai province , sharypovo district , 5 km nne of v . parnaya , 55°19 ' n 89°16 ' e , alt . 500 - 600 m , meadowy steppe on southern slope , birch / larch forest edges . 1 / vii 2000 ( on goniolimon speciosum ) , photo © oleg kosterin
seeu , n . caucasus , s . urals , sw . siberia , altai , n . kazakhstan , e . kazakhstan , w . mongolia , nw . china
1024x768 ( ~ 141kb ) upperside male china , qinghai prov , w . qinghai lake , nan shan mts , 3500m , 28 . 6 . 2005 , photo © a . timchenko
1024x768 ( ~ 116kb ) underside male china , qinghai prov , w . qinghai lake , nan shan mts , 3500m , 28 . 6 . 2005 , photo © a . timchenko
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
icones historique des lépidoptères nouveaux ou peu connus . collection , avec figures coloritées , des papillons d ' europe nouvellement découverts ; ouvrage formant le complément de tous les auteurs iconographes
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 3 ( [ 1827 ] - [ 1838 ] ) in hübner ,
zuträge zur sammlung exotischer schmettlinge , vol . 5 [ 1833 ] - 1837 in hübner ,
espèces nouvelles de lépidopterès recueillis en chine par m . l ' abbé a . david / lépidoptères nouveaux de la chine
watkins , 1928 new satyrid butterflies ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 1 ( 5 ) : 615 - 618
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
upperside is bright orange - brown with black borders on both wings . two black eyespots on forewing , one on hindwing . male lacks a patch of black scales on the forewing . underside of hindwing is cloudy gray with a distinct dark median band .
males perch in glades to watch for receptive females . caterpillars require 2 years to complete development ; hibernating as young caterpillars the first winter , and as mature ones the second winter .
one brood from early june to early july . east of southeast manitoba , adults fly in even - numbered years ; westward , in odd - numbered years .
across southern canada from british columbia through the prairie provinces to northern minnesota , northern michigan , and central ontario .
g5 - demonstrably secure globally , though it may be quite rare in parts of its range , especially at the periphery .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
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kleckova i 1 , cesanek m 2 , fric z 3 , pellissier l 4 .
faculty of science , university of south bohemia , branišovská 31 , 370 05 české budějovice , czech republic ; institute of entomology , biology centre of the czech academy of sciences , branišovská 31 , 370 05 české budějovice , czech republic . electronic address : irena . slamova @ gmail . com .
faculty of science , university of south bohemia , branišovská 31 , 370 05 české budějovice , czech republic ; institute of entomology , biology centre of the czech academy of sciences , branišovská 31 , 370 05 české budějovice , czech republic .
university of fribourg , department of biology , ecology & evolution , chemin du musée 10 , 1700 fribourg , switzerland ; landscape ecology , institute of terrestrial ecosystems , eth zürich , zürich , switzerland ; swiss federal research institute wsl , 8903 birmensdorf , switzerland .
is resident across most of southern canada , into the central united states in patchy distribution with two separate populations in california and nevada , and into the northeastern united states ( scott 1986 ) . habitats are bunchgrass , open woodland and alpine tundra in the west , and in the east dry sandy or rocky areas . host plants are grasses , known host plants are restricted to :
is biennial ; individuals overwinter as first or second instar larvae the first winter , and third fourth or fifth ( mature ) instar larvae the second winter . there is one flight each year with the approximate flight time may 15 - june 15 in the southeast part of their range , late may ? july 15 in low altitudes , and late june ? early august in the arctic / alpine zone ( scott 1986 ) .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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this is the signature butterfly of the alpine zone in the sierra nevada . castle and basin peaks are near its northern limit , which appears to be mount lola , a few miles farther north . the ivallda arctic is extremely cryptic at rest on the ground ; if startled it flies briefly , then lands again and disappears . the male has a rather pointed forewing amnd a greenish stigma in the middle of the wing . the female is larger , with more rounded wings and usually two large eyespots ; it lacks the stigma . a few strays have been recorded near the east end of donner pass , but the species does not breed there .
the ivallda arctic hilltops on rocky knobs . it seldom visits flowers , but has been recorded at sulphur flower and the mat - forming composite railardella argentea . the larval hosts are undetermined grasses or sedges .
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van swaay , c . , wynhoff , i . , verovnik , r . , wiemers , m . , lópez munguira , m . , maes , d . , sasic , m . , verstrael , t . , warren , m . & settele , j .
lewis , o . ( butterfly rla ) & cuttelod , a . ( iucn red list unit )
justification : this species is listed as least concern , since it has not been declining by more than 25 % in the last ten years , its european extent of occurrence ( eoo ) is larger than 20 , 000km² and its population size is probably larger than 10 , 000 adult individuals .
occurs only in the alps from the french alps to the carnic alps in the south of austria . its elevational range is 1 , 400 - 2 , 900 m . this is a european endemic species .
this species is widespread in the mountainous areas of europe . declines in distribution or population size of 6 - 30 % have been reported from austria , france ( data provided by the national partners of butterfly conservation europe ) .
at altitudes of about 1 , 500 m , the alpine grayling occurs on dry , scrubby vegetation . above the tree - line , they can be seen in dry , stony alpine grasslands and on dry , open sunny slopes . most habitats have a stream in the vicinity . perched on a stone , the males defend their territory , chasing away other butterflies , as well as other insects . the female lays its eggs one at a time on dry grass stalks close to the ground . the caterpillar hibernates in the first larval instar and having fed during the growing season , hibernates again in the last instar . eventually , some time between april and june , it pupates . its main foodplant is sheep ' s - fescue (
) but other fescues are also used . this butterfly is single - brooded . habitats : alpine and subalpine grasslands ( 42 % ) , water - fringe vegetation ( 14 % ) , screes ( 14 % ) , inland cliffs and exposed rocks ( 14 % ) .
all butterflies are collected to some extent , but only for the extremely rare species it can be a problem and the trade in europe is generally at a low level compared to other continents . there is no specific trade information for this species .
although this species shows a decline in a part of its european range , it is not believed to face major threats at the european level .
this species occurs in a number of protected areas across its range . no specific conservation actions are needed at a european level , but in countries where the species is in decline important habitats should be protected and managed . the effects of conservation actions should be monitored by a butterfly monitoring scheme .
van swaay , c . , wynhoff , i . , verovnik , r . , wiemers , m . , lópez munguira , m . , maes , d . , sasic , m . , verstrael , t . , warren , m . & settele , j . 2010 .
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upperside is dull orange - brown with dark veins . underside of hindwing has a dark basal half , a lighter outer half . both wings have one - to - many small submarginal spots .
to find females , males perch and occasionally patrol below ridge crests in bunch - grass habitat . females lay eggs singly on grasses and sedges . fourth - stage caterpillars hibernate , emerge in the spring to feed again , and pupate just under the soil .
slopes in dry , open bunchgrass habitats ; tundra ; openings in pine forest .
northeast alaska , yukon and western northwest territories . central alberta south through the rocky mountains to northern new mexico ; east through the canadian prairie provinces to western minnesota .
wings are somewhat translucent . upperside is gray - brown ; male has no markings , female may have 2 small black eyespots . underside of hindwing is mottled gray , brown , and black and has a distinct median band outlined in white .
males patrol and occasionally perch during the day in grassy swales to seek females . two years are required to complete development ; the first winter is passed by first - stage caterpillars , the second winter by mature caterpillars .
alaska east through the north american arctic to baffin island , labrador , eastern quebec , and central maine . isolated populations in the rocky mountains south to northern new mexico .
not usually required . subspecies katahdin on mt . katahdin , maine is geographically restricted but may not be of concern .
uhler ' s arctic butterfly is a type of butterfly called a brush foot . this means that the first pair of legs on the butterfly is shorter than the rest of the legs and look like a brush . this butterfly is an orange - brown color with many small spots . it is about 1 . 5 cm long , weighs about 0 . 35 grams , and has a wingspan of 4 . 5 cm on average . females are a little bit larger than males , and also have rounder wings than males . the front wings of uhler ' s arctic are pale gray with a dark brown pattern on them .
butterfly . it mainly lives in the midwestern united states . it can also be found throughout southern canada , including manitoba and british colombia . it lives as far west as alaska , and as far south as northern new mexico . uhler ' s arctic butterfly migrates from canada to the midwestern / western states in the u . s . from mid - may to mid - july .
( a . layberry , et al . , 2002 ; opler , et al . , 2006 )
butterfly lives in many different habitats , including prairies , grazed agricultural fields , open woods , around hill tops , and pine forests . in the midwest of the united states , these butterflies gather in dry prairies and bare lands . they can also be found in savannas , grasslands , and scrub forests .
like all butterflies , uhler ' s arctic goes through complete metamorphosis . its life stages are egg , larvae / caterpillar , pupae , and adult . eggs are laid by the female parent on grasses and other plants . caterpillar hatch and feed on the plants that they were born on . they stay as caterpillars for a year or two , with the caterpillar taking shelter during the winter . the caterpillar emerges alive in the spring , and goes below the soil to become a pupae . after pupation , it emerges as a butterfly .
male butterflies look for mates by hovering several meters above the grass . they sometimes perch on objects . females are usually below in the grass . males secrete chemicals called pheromones that attract females . they then approach the female to begin courtship and mating . these butterflies mate from may into early july . the males are polygynous , which means that they mate with more than one female . in this species , females usually only mate with one male , but sometimes more .
( a . layberry , et al . , 2002 ;
frequently asked questions about butterflies
, 2006 )
uhler ' s arctic butterflies mate about one time every month . mating takes place from late may to july . depending on how long the butterflies live , they can have 1 to 3 offspring in their lifetime . once the female lays the egg , the offspring is left alone .
how often does reproduction occur ? uhler ' s arctic butterflies breed once monthly .
uhler ' s arctic parents do not provide much care for their offspring . the female provides nutrients in the egg that the unborn caterpillar can use to grow and develop before hatching . the egg is laid on grasses or sedges that the caterpillar will eat when it hatches . after they mate and lay the egg , the parents leave and do not return to the egg , providing no more care .
after emerging from pupation as butterflies , they live as adults for a few months during the summer from may to late july or august . one reason that these butterflies may die early is that they live in open habitats in the northern parts of north america , where bad weather such as thunderstorms and high winds can injure them . wildfires also cause the deaths of some uhler ' s arctic butterflies and caterpillars .
butterfly is active during the day . it flies close to the ground and often lands on bare land . the color of this butterfly helps it to camouflage itself against the ground , protecting it from predators . it is not social and each butterfly mainly keeps to itself unless looking for a mate . uhler ' s arctic migrates from territories in canada to midwestern / western states in the u . s . from mid - may to mid - july .


gonoreta is a genus of moth in the family drepanidae .

some species are known as defoliators of coffee plants ( rubiaceae ) .

gonoreta

type species : gonoreta ansorgei warren , 1902 . novitates zoologicae 9 : 488 . by original designation .
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warren w . 1902b . new african drepanulidae , thyrididae , epiplemidae , and geometridae in the tring museum . - novitates zoologicae 9 : 487–536 .
watson a . 1965a . a revision of the ethiopian drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) . - bulletin of the british museum of natural history ( entomology ) supplement 3 : 1–178 , pls . 1–18 .
warren w . 1897a . new genera and species of moths from the old - world regions in the tring museum . - novitates zoologicae 4 : 12–130 .
bryk f . 1913a . die äthiopischen drepaniden und drepana - ähnlichen geometriden des berliner zoologischen museums . - archiv für naturgeschichte 79a ( 3 ) : 4–16 .
hampson g . f . 1914e . descriptions of new genera and species of drepanidae and thyrididae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 14 ( 79 ) : 103–117 .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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butler a . g . 1879d . descriptions of new species of lepidoptera from madagascar , with notes on some of the forms already described . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 5 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 227–246 .
warren w . 1898b . new species and genera of the families drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae from the old - world regions . - novitates zoologicae 5 : 221–258 .
walker f . 1855c . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part v . – lepidoptera heterocera . - — 5 : i–iv , 977–1257 .
mabille p . 1898 . description de lépidoptères nouveaux . - annales de la société entomologique de france 66 ( 1897 ) ( 2–3 ) : 182–231 , pl . 9 .
warren w . 1899b . new drepanulidae , thyrididae , and geometridae from the aethiopian region . - novitates zoologicae 6 ( 3 ) : 288–312 .
butler a . g . 1878d . descriptions of some new genera and species of lepidoptera from old calabar and madagascar . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 5 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 455–465 .
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here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word cymbaly . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word cymbaly and , of course , cymbaly synonyms and on the right images related to the word cymbaly .
powo : urn : lsid : ipni . org : names : 325775 - 2 tropicos : 40019758 vascan : 1063 . . .
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