lichine ( foaled 5 may 1979 ) was an american-bred , french-trained thoroughbred racehorse who sold for a record-setting $ 1.7 million ( $ 4.9 million inflation adjusted ) as a yearling in 1980 .

although he never threatened to repay his auction price , he was a useful racehorse , winning the listed prix de suresnes as a three-year-old and finishing placed in several group races .

lichine ( horse )

lichine ( 1979 ) – sold for record - setting $ 1 . 7 million at keeneland sales in july 1980 [ 3 ]
gr1 , gr1 pl x2 , gr2 , gr2 pl , gr3 x2 , l pl . horse of the year
manila ( 1983 ) – won the 1986 breeders ' cup turf , was voted u . s . champion male turf horse , and was ranked the best long - distance turf horse in american racing history by steve davidowitz of daily racing form
lyphard was the damsire of hatoof , winner of the 1992 1 , 000 guineas and the 1994 u . s . champion female turf horse . lyphard was also the grandsire of 1993 epsom derby winner commander in chief . among his other descendants are deep impact , japan ' s horse of the year in 2005 & 2006 , and the no . 1 ranked horse in the world in 2006 , invasor .
nigrita ( lichine ) . 2 wins - 1 at 2 - at 1000m , 1200m in germany , bremen suchard sprint cup , l , 2d munich grosser sprint preis , l . dam of -
the prieuré - lichine vineyard , created in the 12th century by the former benedictine monks or
prieurs
( superiors ) of cantenac , was awarded on several occasions from 1444 . in 1745 , the cru was classified third growth of margaux and cantenac by the bordeaux royal administration and in 1855 the prieuré growth was promoted to the rank of fourth classified growth . in 1951 , alexis lichine took over château prieuré - cantenac .
his dam glorious song was canadian horse of the year & north american champion and she produced jet master’s sire rakeen , leading sire rahy and of course the great singspiel .
despite fertility problems and a premature death he was the sire of 13 gr1 winners and 6 champions including horse of the year moon ballad who also won the dubai world cup .
heerman arrived in kentucky at a time when sales would skyrocket . one year after lichine set a record at $ 1 . 7 million , the sale - topper at keeneland july more than doubled in price . in 1985 , seattle dancer sold at that sale for $ 13 . 1 million .
as in previous years , a panel of experts reports post - gallops on what they saw . the amazing thing is how these experienced horsemen ( where were the horse - women , mick ? ) differ in opinion .
september 5 , 2014 in ★★★★★ ♕ , bugs bunny , merrie melodies , warner bros . films | tags : 1957 , backgrounds , bugs bunny , chuck jones , david lichine , elmer fudd , maurice noble , michael maltese , opera , richard wagner , tatania riabouchinska , what ' s opera doc | 1 comment
miesque’s approval ( miesque’s son ) lightly raced middle distance winner ( 46 ) faerie gold ( eton lad ) is full sister to zim horse of the year goldie , their dam a multiple stakes winner . the 2yo on offer is a colt .
in 1980 , the year nureyev was named champion miler in france , niarchos again purchased yearlings in kentucky . this time his expenditures included a record $ 1 . 7 million for french stakes winner lichine , a son of lyphard - - stylish genie ; and $ 45 , 000 for stakes winner pasadoble , a filly by prove out—santa quilla .
allowed to pick a shortlist of three fillies and three colts , the eight - man strong panel came up with seventeen different fillies and thirteen different colts – nineteen of the thirty selections had only one vote ! the old adage ‘it’s difference of opinion that makes horse racing’ still holds true .
his success in the horse business , producing good race horses and doing well at the sales , gave him the greatest satisfaction in his life ,
leslie heerman said .
he found great pleasure in literature and fine sporting art , good wine , antiques , splendid cars , and well - bred dogs ; but his first love was the horse .
heerman said her father enjoyed working with industry leaders like george f . getty ii , paul hexter , w . t . young , patsy pope , paul little , mervyn leroy , anne jackson , connie ring , and many others .
but heerman eventually returned his focus to kentucky and in 1973 with partner susan proskauer purchased buck pond farm in versailles , ky . spectacular bid , dual classic winner in 1979 and horse of the year in 1980 , was born at buck pond in 1979 . heerman acted as agent when spectacular bid sold as a yearling .
i think the horses miesque met today were better than last year but she was fresher than last year and that could have made a difference ,
boutin added .
miesque is not the best horse i have trained but definitely the most constant and easiest to train as a champion because she is so regular .
tale of the cat ( storm cat ) unraced us - bred mare ( 66 ) hampton rover ( miswaki ) is half sister to four winners out of australian horse of the year research . the mare has produced two multiple winners ( from 2 runners ) and has a 2yo half brother to those . the youngster is inbred 3×3 to mr prospector .
the animation is outstanding throughout , especially in the ballet and love duet between bugs and elmer . indeed , for the ballet sequence the animators studied tatania riabouchinska and david lichine from the original ballet russe , and there’s a genuine seriousness about this scene . yet , the main attraction of the cartoon lies in maurice noble’s extreme background layouts and bold color designs . especially when elmer gets furious , there is a startling emotional use of colors that has not been seen on the animated screen since ‘ bambi ‘ ( 1942 ) .
it ' s true that i was fearing very much the soft ground for the filly ,
boutin ' s daughter translated after the race ,
but even though it rains a lot here , the ground remains much drier than it would in europe . the horse i was fearing the most was warning . i respect warning very much , but i knew that warning wouldn ' t like it ( the rain - soaked turf ) either .
the opening sequence , with elmer casting a mighty shadow is a straight homage to ‘the night on bold mountain’ sequence from ‘fantasia’ ( 1940 ) , while the shots of bugs being dressed as brünnhilde and riding an oversized horse are retaken from ‘herr meets hare’ from 1945 ( which , like ‘what’s opera , doc ? ” was also penned by michael maltese ) . in this sense the cartoon is as much a homage to animation history as it is to opera .
dylan thomas ( danehill ) what a horse ! this sire was champion 3yo and older horse , won a derby , the king george and the arc , and rated 132 with timeform . his first crop are 2yo’s in uk in 2011 , and includes aiden o’brien’s highclass furner’s green ( rated 113 ) , who placed in the gr1 irish national stakes . from his first australian crop comes the 2yo filly out of multiple gr1 placed sprint / miler ( 97 ) madonna ( rigoletto ) . the mare has three winners to date , of which one is in turn the dam of a stakes placed multiple winner . the female line is irish , going to multiple classic placed arkadina ( half sister to the dam of successful sire elusive quality ) . interesting pedigree make - up , and one to note . so , too , apparently thought ready - to - run panellist mike de kock : he added her to his shortlist .
thirty - three years ago , when nashua was acquired through sealed bid by a syndicate headed by leslie combs ii for a record $ 1 , 251 , 200 , niarchos was an underbidder . the following year , on jan . 6 , 1956 , niarchos bought nashua ' s dam at auction for a record $ 126 , 000 . the late humphrey s . finney , agent for niarchos , opened the bidding on segula at $ 100 , 000 . he was immediately engaged in a bidding duel by ohio harness horse breeder walter michaels , but finney won .
for two years in a row , the sale has produced equuschampions . sale graduates have an opportunity to compete for a prize of r2 million early in their 3yo career – in that ready - to - run race now is the third richest race in the land , and there only are 185 tickets in the draw . when you buy at the sale , you get special payment deals . your horse is properly broken in , and you are already ahead on the cost of keep compared to buying a yearling . add all that up , and you’d be a fool not to bid , come the first sunday in november .
two opinions are worth noting . mike de kock says he likes to see the horses move , but in the end it’s at the sale when real decisions are made , based on conformation , pedigree , and his team’s opinions . american visitor kip elser , certainly an expert on the ready - to - run concept in his country , added an interesting view . “eyes” , he said , “can be deceiving . ” what he meant was that a horse that strides out well and seems to be going fast may in reality not be going as fast as it seems . conversely , an easy galloper who seems to be loafing may actually be going much faster than it seems . you need a stopwatch to note the differences . and even then the difference between great , good , and moderate is measured in fractions of a second . kip , needless to say , was the only expert with a stopwatch at the gallops .
hussonet ( mr prospector ) american bred mare ( 95 ) colonial dancer ( pleasant colony ) has 2 winners in aus , and is represented here by a half brother . the mare is bred on the his majesty x danzig affinity cross . the youngster was sold as a weanling for a $ 30 . 000 and went at the same price as a yearling last january . the filly out of aus mare ( 88 ) charybdis ( royal academy ) is a half sister to singapore’s 2007 horse of the year why be , who won 19 . the youngster was bought as a weanling in 2006 , for a $ 67 . 000 . winning american mare ( 57 ) thursday island ( sky classic ) is a half sister to khumba mela , a gr3 winner in fr & usa , who bred a french stakes winner . the colt on offer is half brother to a winner in korea . bred on the mr prospector x nijinsky affinity cross ( 2x3 ) , he was bought last january for a $ 24 . 000 .
cataloochee ( al mufti ) winning sprinter ( 53 ) gavelette ( albarahin ) is half sister to three winners , incl gr3 placed stakes winner nondweni . the 2yo filly is her second foal , and is inbred to roberto ( sire of al mufti and of silver hawk ) . twice winning sprinter ( 98 ) mafaatin ( fahal : 1r / 1w ) is half sister to the stakes placed dam of an english gr3 placed stakes winner ( rated 118 ) . the 2yo offered is a colt . six - time winning sprinter ( 62 ) greet the greek ( lichine ) has produced six winners to date , from a variety of sires . she has a 2yo colt here . this is the female line also of leading us 2yo of 2011 , union rags ( grandson of terpsichorist , out of glad rags ) . graeme hawkins identified the colt as a ‘value’ selection for his shortlist . the colt out of ( 182 ) any dream ( muhtafal : 5r / 1w ) is the first foal of his dam , who is half sister to eight winners , incl guineas winner marlin bay . three - time winning sprinter ( 112 ) national feature ( national assembly : 1r ) hails from the potent agrentine e - family . the mare’s seven winning siblings include gr3 winner russian pioneer . her 2yo filly is a first foal . three - time winning miler ( 28 ) dance on silver ( rambo dancer : 3r / 2w ) is dam of two winners , and comes with a half brother to those . lightly raced ( 119 ) once in a while ( rambo dancer : 3r / 2w ) is half sister to six winners , incl gr2 winner boston blues and gr3 placed amabutho . her 2yo is a filly .
el prado ( sadler’s wells ) here are three argentine bred 2yo’s by a son of sadler’s wells who was champion 2yo in ireland , and subsequently made champion sire in the usa . he’s a sire of sires to boot , notably of medaglia d’oro . stakes placed multiple winning us sprinter ( 109 ) my american lady ( gold tribute ) has a filly , her first foal . the mare’s dam is half sister to a host of us stakes winners . the youngster was a strong pick at the ready - to - run gallops , especially for us - visitor kip elser . graeme hawkins , jehan malherbe and dean kannemeyer concurred . five - time winning sprint / miler ( 71 ) hopeitsadiamond ( housebuster ) is half sister to winners and dams of winners in the us . her 2yo filly is a first foal . michael roberts picked her out at the gallops . gr3 placed 6 - time winner ( 45 ) exact ( twining ) is dam of winners in italy & canada . the mare is half sister to a stakes winner ( who is dam of a stakes horse ) . her 2yo is a grey filly , which mike de kock shortlisted at the ready - to - run gallops . graeme hakins added her ( optimistically ? ) as a ‘value’selection .
top spin ( 03g , strategic , dalmacia ) . horse of the year & champion older male miler in singapore in 2008 . 15 wins from 1100m to 2000m , 609 , 300rgt . , s $ 2 , 025 , 973 , singapore derby , sgp - 1 , singapore tc kranji mile , sgp - 1 , singapore derby trial , sgp - 2 , singapore 4yo mile , sgp - 3 , chairman ' s trophy , sgp - 3 , three rings trophy , sgp - 3 , selangor tc piala emas sultan selangor , l , singapore tc kranji b s . , panasonic toughbook s . , raffles resort canouan island caribbean h . , progressive s . , progressive h . , initiation p . , novice s . , benchmark 97 h . , 2d singapore tc 3yo challenge ( 1st leg ) , sgp - 3 , open h . , graduation s . , 3d singapore gold cup , sgp - 1 , singapore tc raffles cup , sgp - 1 , 3yo challenge ( 2nd leg ) , sgp - 2 , 3yo challenge ( 3rd leg ) , sgp - 2 , queen elizabeth ii cup , sgp - 2 , perak derby , l , singapore tc kranji a s . , 4th singapore tc patrons ' bowl , sgp - 1 .
tiger ridge ( storm cat ) five time winning sprinter ( 143 ) seeking the wind ( jallad : 2r / 1w ) is 3 - part sister to gr1 winner divine jury . she’s the dam of five winners , including gr3 placed 5 - time winner martial eagle and a full brother to the 2yo colt on offer . 1400m winner ( 135 ) refined gold ( rich man’s gold : 1r / 1w ) is half sister to three winners by fort wood , including gr3 placed stakes winner loupe . this is the female line of horse chestnut . the 2yo colt is the mare’s second foal . he landed on the shortlist of ready - to - run panellists michael roberts , sean tarry and graeme hawkins . gr2 placed gr3 winner ( 150 ) sporting model ( sportsworld : 7r / 5w ) has produced three winners to date , including a full sister to the 2yo filly on offer . tiger ridge and the mare’s sire sportsworld are from the same female line . two - time middle distance winner ( 153 ) subtle reminder ( zabeel ) is half sister to the dam of new zealand gr1 placed gr2 winner kerry o’reilly , and hails from a gr1 producing us female line . the mare is dam of two multiple winners , one a 9 - timer . on offer a 2yo colt .
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one of the most celebrated animated cartoons of all time , ‘what’s opera , doc’ places the typical elmer fudd - bugs bunny chase routine into the world of wagnerian opera .
the cartoon’s masterstroke is that it uses all the cliches of the chase , which go all the way back to the first bugs bunny cartoon ‘a wild hare’ ( 1941 ) , but that they are carried out in the most serious , wagnerian fashion . the result is ridiculously pompous , mocking wagnerian opera , as well as playing homage to it . milt franklyn’s score quotes music from five wagner operas : ‘der fliegende holländer’ , ‘die walküre’ , ‘siegfried’ , ‘rienzi’ and ‘tannhäuser’ .
the cartoon’s operatic character is emphasized not only by operatic singing , but also by featuring wagnerian magic ( a magic helmet ) , a ballet ( a staple of french opera , but only employed by richard wagner in his very first operas ) , and a sad ending , a cliche of 19th century opera in general . michael maltese provided new lyrics to wagner’s pilgrim chorus from ‘tannhäuser’ and made it into a rather hollywood musical - like love duet between elmer and bugs .
‘what’s opera , doc ? ’ is a brilliant cartoon of pure grandeur and one of chuck jones’s all time masterpieces . what’s most striking is that it was made during the normal grind of a commercial animated cartoon studio . the film took much longer than normal to make , which jones and his unit could only manage to do by cheating on their schedule , stealing time from a much more ordinary short , the road runner cartoon ‘zoom and bored’ ( 1957 ) .
this is bugs bunny cartoon no . 131 to the previous bugs bunny cartoon : piker’s peak to the next bugs bunny cartoon : bugsy and mugsy
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last friday and monday some 150 young thoroughbreds were confronted with the first great excitement of their tender careers : public gallops . experts , self - proclaimed and otherwise , will scrutinize the video footage of those events in the coming week . their object is to decide who can and who can’t , and mark their catalogues before the hammer falls on sunday november 4th . although the gallops will provide the extra information buyers of ‘normal’ yearlings do not have , a sale is still a sale –horses are still unproven , anything can happen . the three highest earners from last year’s sale weren’t the most expensive by any stretch of the imagination ( see next page ) . that’s why every serious bidder needs to study the printed catalogue as much as the hyped - up dvd . karel miedema has done some of the groundwork , grouping his thoughts by sire .
alami ( danzig ) ( 21 ) ranavalona ( ankara ) is a half sister to indian ruby , a stakes winner of 7 ; she has a filly inbred 3x3 to northern dancer . this is an interesting family , third dam malagasy coming out of the blue with a bunch of highly talented offspring . the colt out of 7 - time winner ( 145 ) lovely bird ( bog trotter : 2r ) is his dam’s first foal . the mare is half sister to 3 other winners . ( 100 ) crystal keys ( crystal de roche : 2r ) is dam of a winner by shamikh . the mare , who won 3 herself , is a half sister to 2 dams of graded stakes winners , from a strong female line . another daughter of crystal de roche is winning mare ( 144 ) lady shamrock , whose filly is a half sister to 2 winners . the filly out of ( 49 ) summer mistress ( rocky marriage : 7r / 6w ) is the product of a successful sire x broodmare sire combination . the mare is a winning half sister to gr1 winner golden taipan , from a highclass female line . ( 41 ) smokey dreams ( shoe danzig ) is an unraced half sister to three winners out of 4 - time winner blue line . her filly is inbred 2x3 to danzig and should be a 12 / 1400m performer . winning mare ( 143 ) kitty brown ( west man : 1r ) comes from a strong black - type us female line . the mare has five winning siblings and is represented by a filly , her 1st foal .
albarahin ( silver hawk ) four - time winner ( 98 ) cornish fair ( jungle warrior ) is the dam of 2 winners to date ( from 3 previous foals ) . she’s from an irish sire producing female line and is represented by a filly here . the first foal of winning mare ( 133 ) hello gorgeous ( national emblem ) is a colt . the mare has 5 winning siblings and comes from an american female line . speed is the recurring theme in the family background of ( 91 ) civil affair ( northern guest : 10r / 4w ) , dam of 2 winners to date from 3 runners . she has a half sister to those . ( 51 ) sun fields ( northfields ) is the dam of 3 winners ( and grandam of another ) . the mare is a daughter of champion race filly grey sun , from a top female line . on offer is a filly . stakes pl 5 - time winner ( 11 ) particular passion ( rambo dancer ) has a filly , her 1st foal . the mare is half sister to 2 other stakes horses , their dam a gr3 pl winner of four races .
announce ( n . assembly ) ( 7 ) on the rocks ( icelander ) , winning half sister to gr1 pl gr2 winner sovereign seas , is represented by a colt , her third foal . the grandam is a half sister to guineas winners vistula & muscovy .
caesour ( nureyev ) multiple stakes pl stakes winner of 5 races ( 107 ) divine heights ( divine force ) has a colt , her 1st foal . the mare is a half sister to 4 other winners . interesting mating in terms of pedigree elements , and one to take note of .
camden park ( ap indy ) three - time winner ( 1 ) nasdaq ( jallad : 1r / 1w ) has a black - type argentinian family background . she’s a half sister to four other winners and has a filly on offer .
captain al ( al mufti ) ( 16 ) private fantasy ( jallad ) has a black - type american female line . the mare is half sister to a us stakes winner of 17 . her colt is a 3rd foal , and half brother to a winner .
choctaw ridge ( mr prospector ) stakes placed multiple winner ( 35 ) self made ( thundering force ) is brazilian , and the dam of 3 stakes pl winners there . her colt is a full brother to a 2 - time winner , bred on the notable mr prospector x nijinsky cross ( 2x3 ) .
clash by night ( conquistador cielo ) ( 77 ) belisha beacon ( complete warrior ) is a daughter of gr1 sprinter sounds of light ( whom the catalogue incorrectly credits with wins up to 1700m ) . the filly on offer is a 2nd foal . three - time winner ( 78 ) bella diva ( eli’s star ) also has her second foal , a filly . the mare’s seven winning siblings include stakes placed bel bimbo . the only previous foal of ( 82 ) call cassie ( gallic league ) is a winner . the mare is a full sister to gr3 pl gallic ring and half sister to 2 stakes performers and to the dam of another . the bottom female line is english . ( 140 ) jarita ( icelander ) is the dam of 2 winners to date , and has a half sister to those on offer . the mare is a daughter of gr1 winner miss averof . ( 142 ) joybird ( kentucky slew ) , winning full sister to a stakes winner and half sister to 2 other black type runners , has a filly , her third foal .
copperbelt ( mr prospector ) ( 120 ) fort victoria ( fort wood ) is a daughter of sa oaks winner victoria bay . the colt on offer is the mare’s 2nd foal .
crimson tide ( sadler’s wells ) american bred ( 27 ) roswitha ( manila ) scored 2 wins in brazil before going to stud there . the mare is a half sister to 3 stakes performers in the usa , their dam a half sister to sire cormorant . on offer is a filly , full sister to a winner in brazil .
danehill dancer ( danehill ) australian mare ( 80 ) biloba ( timber country ) is an unraced half sister to three winners ( one a stakes winner of six , from a black - type american female line . on offer is her first foal , a colt acquired for a $ 32 . 000 last january . he’s inbred 1x3 to danehill . interesting .
deep sleep ( rahy ) gr1 pl 4 - time winner ( 104 ) dancer’s choice ( royal prerogative ) is the dam of 5 winners from 7 runners ( two of the winners in turn dams of multiple winners ) . this is a highclass anglo - irish female line . on offer a colt .
doowaley ( sadler’s wells ) three - time winner ( 108 ) double deception ( elliodor : 1r / 1w ) is a daughter of gr3 pl stks winner close friend , from a successful female line . the filly offered is her 2nd foal . ( 47 ) starbright ( fluorescent light ) is the dam of two multiple winners , and has a half sister to those . the mare is a winning full sister to stakes winner aura of light and stakes pl brightsight ( dam of stakes filly harem’s secret ) .
dubai destination ( kingmambo ) winning aus mare ( 125 ) glory days ( bletchingly ) has bred 7 winners to date , incl . gr3 pl stakes winning stayer cockade . the mare’s own dam was runner - up in the gr1 ajc oaks . on offer a colt , acquired for a $ 26 . 000 as a weanling last year .
fan club’s mister ( mr greely ) ( 30 ) sailor’s token ( golden thatch ) is a winning dam of 3 multiple winners incl . gr2 winner royal mariner . on offer a half brother to those . the colt out of multiple winner ( 105 ) decoder ( northern guest ) is a first foal . the mare is a half sister to another winner ( their dam’s only foals ) , and from an american female line .
fantastic light ( rahy ) both the previous foals of aus mare ( 22 ) rhianna louise ( woodman ) are winners , one of them stakes pl . the mare’s dam is a half sister to gr1 allan robertson winner sydney’s dream , from a strong black type family . on offer is a colt , acquired for a $ 4k last january – that was before his stakes pl winning half brother had raced .
hawk wing ( woodman ) the colt out of 5 - time winning australian mare ( 8 ) onwards ( zeditave ) is a half brother to a 4 - time and 7 - time winner down under . the mare herself is full sister to a gr3 pl winner . the youngster was bought as a weanling last year ( a $ 30 . 000 ) .
indigo magic ( gone west ) gr2 pl 4 - time winner ( 63 ) vin fizz ( qui danzig ) is the dam of 4 - time winner singles bar . on offer is her third foal , a filly , with an intriguing pedigree in terms of combining elements . the female line is english .
jallad ( blushing groom ) ( 99 ) cousin linda ( badger land : 8r / 5w ) is a winning half sister to 2 gr1 pl stakes winners by jallad . she’s the dam of gr1 pl gr2 winner rebel king and comes with a jallad filly who is 3 - parts related to cousin john and lucy’s lad . she represents paddock value , if nothing else ! ( 43 ) spacious skies ( n . assembly : 21r / 13w / 1sw ) is a winning full sister to gr1 winner ndabeni and 3 - part sister to gr1 winner grand emporium – among others ! she has a colt , her 2nd foal . take note .
kitalpha ( mr prospector ) multiple winner ( 130 ) hall’s creek ( hallgate : 1r / 1w ) has had one previous foal to race , a winner . she comes with a half sister . the mare herself is half sister to zim champion summer silence , their dam finefields voted broodmare of the year , north of the limpopo . this is the sun lass female line . ( 97 ) coo’er ( jallad ) is a winning half sister to us gr3 winner stark south . her colt is a first foal , inbred 3x4 to raise a native . ( 84 ) cartron ( northern guest : 2r ) , half sister to gr3 winner beautiful stranger , comes with a half brother to a winner in zim ( 54 ) tantalica ( tilden : 2r / 1w ) is an unraced full sister to 3 stakes winners , two of them voted champions in zimbabwe . her offering is a colt . ( 110 ) dupa dear ( tilden : 2r / 1w ) , full sister to gr2 winner dupa dice and 3 other winners , has a colt , her 1st foal .
lavery ( royal academy ) winning mare ( 79 ) beyond the call ( braashee : 1r / 1w ) has had one previous foal , the gr2 natal guineas winner dynamite mike . on offer a half sister . three - time winner ( 103 ) dance on silver ( rambo dancer ) is represented by her 1st foal , a filly . the family background is american . six previous foals , 6 runners , 6 winners incl a stakes winner – that is the record to date of winning mare ( 73 ) amabokoboko ( sunny north ) , who hails from a sire - producing us family . on offer is a colt .
london news ( bush telegraph ) four - time winning mare ( 90 ) chorus line ( jallad : 13r / 7w / 1sw ) has a nz pedigree background . her colt is a 2nd foal , and is bred on an apparently successful sire x broodmare sire cross . the same goes for the colt out of another jallad - mare , ( 115 ) faithful promise , full sister to gr1 runner - up truthofthematter and 2 other multiple winners . nz bred winner ( 134 ) high on life ( zabeel ) is the dam of a winner by jallad . on offer is a half brother . the mare ' s a half sister to the dam ( and grandam ) of stakes horses , from a potent family .
manshood ( mr prospector ) ( 129 ) hail to rule ( al mufti : 3r / 2w / 1sw ) is a gr2 placed gr3 winner of six races , and is the dam of four winners to date , all by different sires . on offer is a half brother to those . the mare is a half sister to two black - type producers .
model man ( elliodor ) ( 39 ) sintra ( n . assembly : 5r / 2w ) is an unraced half sister to 3 stakes horses , and to the dam of another . the mare own dam won twice in france . the colt on offer is the dam’s 2nd foal .
mogok ( storm cat ) gr1 fillies guineas winner bombarda is the dam of ( 65 ) vulcan bomber ( northern guest : 2r / 1w ) . the mare , who is a half sister to 5 winners , has a filly on offer , her 2nd foal .
national emblem ( national assembly ) both runners to date for unraced mare ( 124 ) glitz ( coastal : 11r / 5w ) are winners , incl . stakes winner nondweni . on offer is a half brother . ( 62 ) verve cliquot ( northern guest : 36r / 20w / 1sw ) , full sister to very useful mercury rising , is the dam of a winner and has a half sister to that one here . from the same successful sire x broodmare cross comes a filly out of ( 109 ) dress code ( northern guest : 36r / 20w / 1sw ) . the mare , who is a half sister to champion 2yo imperial despatch , has bred two multiple winners from 3 runners to date . gr3 winner of 5 races ( 23 ) ring the changes ( tete a tete ) has made her mark at stud . she’s dam of 10 winners ( two of them dams of winners ) , incl . 2 stakes winners . there’s a half sister on offer this time . ( 67 ) western flash ( west man : 2r / 1w ) is a half sister to 3 stakes performers , one the dam of gr1 winner divine jury . the only runner to date for the mare is a 3 - time winner . on offer a half brother , her 3rd foal .
pissaro ( green desert ) ( 3 ) nerina’s joy ( fard ) is a winning half sister to stakes winner press king , and comes from an american female line . the colt offered is his dam’s first foal . also with her first foal , a filly , is winning mare ( 136 ) hope and glory ( hallgate ) . the mare’s own dam is a half sister to zim champion hachiman and to two dams of stakes winners . winning stayer ( 44 ) splendid chalice ( royal chalice ) is a daughter of sa oaks winner turndor . her filly offered is her second foal .
portrush ( storm cat ) winning mare ( 53 ) supreme dancer ( qui danzig ) has bred a multiple winner and comes with a half sister to that one .
rambo dancer ( northern dancer ) five - time winner ( 87 ) celestial flame ( all fired up : 5r ) is the dam of four winners from different sires . on offer is a half sister to those . bred on the same sire x broodmare sire cross is the filly out of multiple winner ( 118 ) fidelity bond ( all fired up : 5r ) . the youngster is a half sister to four winners ( from 4 foals by different sires ) , including gr1 pl sprinter fanyana . ( 96 ) competitive edge ( n . emblem : 2r ) is a winning half sister to 3 winners , two of those with black type . the filly on offer is her dam’s 2nd foal .
russian revival ( nureyev ) the filly out of winning mare ( 122 ) free trade ( al mufti : 2r / 1w ) is her dam’s first foal , and inbred 4x4 to hail to reason through the bottom female line of russian revival . that female line has a great record with roberto ( sire here of al mufti , the dam’s sire ) . could be interesting . winning sprinter ( 86 ) catch me ( argosy : 2r / 1w ) is the dam of a winner and comes with a colt , her third foal . all three previous foal of winning mare ( 61 ) veritas ( braashee ) are winners . the female line is black - type american . on offer is a filly . nz bred ( 12 ) passionate love ( college chapel ) has her 2nd foal on offer , a colt . the mare has a black - type european pedigree background . ( 116 ) fast tracks ( desert team : 1r / 1w ) comes from the american female line which gave us home guard and peaceable kingdom . she’s represented by a colt . unraced mare ( 85 ) caspian lady ( rami ) is half sister to 2 dams of graded stakes winners , from the female line of champion wolf power . she’s herself dam of 2 winners and comes with a half sister to those . nz bred mare ( 9 ) oriental queen ( volksraad ) has had 2 runners , both winners , and comes with a half brother to those .
second empire ( fairy king ) three - time winner ( 42 ) south quay ( fine edge ) has seven winning siblings , four of them with black type . she has a colt on offer . ( 127 ) gold index ( golden thatch ) is the dam of 3 winners , including stakes placed etched in gold ( herself dam of a multiple winner ) . she has a half sister to those at this sale .
show a heart ( brave warrior ) australian mare ( 37 ) she sizzles ( snippets ) won twice down under before going to stud . she is represented by a colt , her second foal . he was bought as a yearling earlier this year for a $ 30 . 000 .
silvano ( lomitas ) ( 68 ) western truth ( west man ) is a winning half sister to gr1 pl truthofthematter and 4 other winners , from a highclass female line . the filly on offer is her 3rd foal .
slew the red ( red ransom ) the filly out of 4 - time winner ( 119 ) forest edge ( complete warrior ) is the dam’s 2nd living foal . the youngster is inbred to damascus , the pedigree a variation on the cross of another son of roberto ( al mufti ) with complete warrior mares . gr2 pl sprinter ( 15 ) power steering ( golden thatch ) is the dam of 6 winners from 7 runners ( two of them now dams of winners as well ) . she is out of a half sister to gr1 sprinter military song and comes here with a colt . unraced mare ( 114 ) facination ( muhtafal : 1r ) is half sister to two winners , and from an american female line . she has a colt , her first foal . lightly raced mare ( 83 ) cariad ( northern guest ) , a daughter of gr1 pl gr3 winner fastoll , is represented by her 2nd foal , a colt . also lightly raced was mercury rising’s full sister ( 123 ) gamalakhe ( northern guest ) who also comes with a colt , her first foal . all four runners to date for multiple winning mare ( 137 ) how about now ( red ryder ) are winners ( two of them 6 - timers ) . her youngster on offer is a colt . the potent party time female line is represented here by a colt out of ( 154 ) my lady furness ( west man ) . he’s the first foal of his dam .
street cry ( machiavellian ) bound to kick up a storm at this sale is the colt by current world - wide sire sensation street cry , out of aus mare ( 33 ) scenic storm ( scenic ) . she is a half sister to a stakes winner in hong kong , and from a black - type english female line . he was bought as a yearling earlier this year for a $ 14 . 000 .
super magic ( harry hotspur ) two - time winner ( 50 ) summer pud ( badger land : 1r ) , half sister to 3 other winners , comes from an english female line . her filly is a second foal . three - time winner ( 75 ) antiqua ( jungle warrior ) is the dam of a winner . her own dam is half sister to a host of topclass winners . on offer is a colt . ( 112 ) elimina ( the eliminator : 1r / 1w ) , 3 - time winning full sister to gr3 winner final solution , has bred two winners to date . on offer is a half sister to those .
tale of the cat ( storm cat ) australian mare ( 31 ) santee ( zabeel ) , full sister to the dam of a gr3 winner , is herself the dam of a multiple winner down under . the bottom female line is french . on offer a filly , purchased as a yearling for a $ 50 . 000 .
top size ( roy ) unraced brazilian mare ( 149 ) miss scold ( hostage ) is the dam of 5 multiple winners in brazil , 2 of them stakes pl . she comes with a half sister to those .
woodborough ( woodman ) three - time winning stayer ( 70 ) yellow peril ( royal flo ) hails from the potent corn - family . she has a filly on offer , her first foal , inbred to 3 - part brothers the minstrel & nijinsky ( 3x4 ) . another multiple winner over ground is ( 46 ) star look ( shoe danzig ) , whose 1st foal ( a colt ) is inbred to mr prospector 3x4
lyphard ( may 10 , 1969 – june 10 , 2005 ) was a french thoroughbred racehorse and an important sire .
american bred in pennsylvania , lyphard was a son of northern dancer out of the mare goofed . [ 1 ] he was auctioned as a weanling at november ' s keeneland sales to tim rogers , a horseman from ireland , who then put him up for sale at newmarket in england . there , renowned french trainer and breeder alec head purchased him on behalf of madame germaine wertheimer , widow of the prominent french horseman and owner of the famous house of chanel , pierre wertheimer . germaine wertheimer gave lyphard his name in honor of the ukrainian - born french ballet dancer and choreographer serge lifar .
on the track , lyphard competed in france , ireland , and england , winning six of his twelve starts , including the group one prix jacques le marois and prix de la forêt .
retired after the end of the 1972 racing season , he was sent to stand at stud at the haras d ' etreham near bayeux in normandy . there , his offspring included the filly durtal ( foaled 1974 ) , who won the cheveley park stakes , plus the colt pharly ( 1974 ) , who won several important races in france , including the group one prix de la forêt , prix lupin and prix du moulin de longchamp .
madame wertheimer died in 1974 . in 1978 , lyphard was sent to stand at gainsway farm in lexington , kentucky , where he became famous as the sire of a number of important horses . [ 2 ] in all , he produced 115 graded stakes race winners , including :
jolypha ( 1989 ) – champion 3 - year - old filly in france , who won the 1992 prix de diane and prix vermeille and was a strong third in that year ' s breeders ' cup classic behind eclipse award champion pleasant tap and the race winner , the future u . s . hall of fame colt a . p . indy
at maturity , he reached 15 . 2 hands ( 62 inches , 157 cm ) high . [ 4 ]
in 1996 , lyphard was pensioned from stallion duty at age 27 and lived another nine years . he was one of the oldest horses in the world at the time he was humanely euthanized on june 10 , 2005 as a result of the infirmities of his very old age .
among all the records of foaling and death dates for thoroughbred horses , lyphard is recognized as one of the longest lived ever . at 36 years and 31 days , he is the second longest lived known stallion behind bargain day at 37 years and 17 days ( june 7 , 1965 - june 24 , 2002 ) . other longer lived thoroughbreds include the gelding merrick ( january 25 , 1903 - march 13 , 1941 ) and the supposed australian tango duke legend ( october 8 ( ? ) , 1935 - january 25 , 1978 ) and stop the music ( march 23 , 1970 – july 8 , 2005 ) .
this page was last modified on 11 september 2015 , at 16 : 09 .
this article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) .
on the grand scale of things , the annual ready - to - run sale for 2yo’s is as good as it gets . by far .
seeing the youngsters gallop in the flesh is a whole new experience ( you can watch them on the summerhill website urltoken ) . this year all horses galloped on their own , being asked to show their mettle over about 400m . they came in all shapes and sizes , some laid - back and experienced , others still as green as grass . the good movers impress , but those that don’t aren’t necessarily inferior – with time , everything will change .
in the evaluation of the 2yo’s that follows , the expert’s opinions have been added where appropriate , including some ‘value’ selections volunteered by graeme hawkins , who pulled a fast one over his fellow panellists , each of which only had three of each sex .
as usual , karel miedema comments on the pedigrees ( in sire - order ) , while sporting post’s own panel also gives its views on what they saw at the gallops . now all it needs is a bit of courage on your part !
alphabet soup ( cozzene ) this us - bred sire won the g1 breeders cup classic ( 2000m ) as a 5yo . he’s sire of champion sprinters our new recruit and phantom light in uae and canada , and gr1 filly alphabet kisses in usa . the 2yo colt out of brazilian gr3 winning miler ( 177 ) aliysa ( music prospector ) was foaled in argentina . he’s the first foal of his dam , who raced with success in usa and is full sister to three multiple winners in brazil .
any given saturday ( distorted humor ) us - bred g1 winning stallion , with his first crop of juveniles in the us in 2011 . the 2yo colt out of unraced ( 121 ) our dizzy raine ( danehill ) was sired in australia , from his first southern hemisphere crop . the youngster is half brother to five winners from a variety of sires , incl a stakes placed filly by galileo .
aussie rules ( danehill ) gr1 winning miler , who won the french guineas and sired four stakes winners in his first crop in 2010 . shuttled to australia , where his first crop includes the 2yo filly out of unraced ( 99 ) mariana sunset ( fantastic light ) . she’s the second foal of her dam , who is a daughter of multiple gr1 winner juanmo . the latter is by flying spur , like aussie rules a son of danehill , giving the youngster a double of that champion sire .
black minnaloushe ( storm cat ) twice - winning miler ( 185 ) arrester bed ( jet master ) is half sister to two dams of stakes winners , out of gr1 winner saintly lady . the 2yo filly is her dam’s first foal . six - time winning miler ( 129 ) princess polly ( royal chalice ) is half sister to champion young rake and six other winners , three of which are dams of stakes performers . the youngster is half sister to a winner . gr3 winning sprinter ( 170 ) wendys ( victory speech ) is a daughter of argentine champion sprinter wally . she’s half sister to two dams of graded stakes horses in her country of birth . the 2yo on offer is a colt , who appears on the shortlist of ready - to - run panellist joey ramsden .
caesour ( nureyev ) the sire x dam combination of caesour and ( 23 ) colombe d’or ( elliodor : 15r / 10w / 1sw ) has so far given four winners , incl stakes placed 7 - timer roman eagle . the mare also has a gr2 placed winner by dominion royale and two other winners by sportsworld . grandam kiss of peace , a gr1 winning champion as 3yo , is dam of caesour’s gr2 winning daughter kiss me quick . on offer a 2yo colt .


it is found in new zealand .

the wingspan is 10.5 – 12 mm for males and about 14 mm for females .

the forewings deep brownish ochreous , mixed with dark fuscous in males .

the hindwings are blackish .

in female , the forewings are reddish ochreous , with a few dark fuscous scales .

the hindwings of the females are whitish .

epichorista siriana

epichorista siriana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family . it is found in new zealand .
( tortrix siriana , meyr . , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . , 1881 , 521 . )
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parva , alis ant . m . ochreo - brunneis , fusco - sparsis , f . saturate ochreis , puncto disci nigro ; post . m . nigrescentibus , f . albidis .
taken in plenty in january amongst long grass near hamilton , on the skirts of the forest . this , as well as the other species , appears to be very local .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
palpi subascending . thorax with posterior crest . forewings with 7 to termen , separate . hindwings without basal pecten , 3 and 4 connate , 5 rather approximated , 6 and 7 closely approximated at base .
amongst examples of this species from karori sent by mr . hudson is a female , which is quite similar in colouring to the male . when , however ,
i originally described the species , from a series taken by myself at hamilton , i treated a widely different female specimen with reddish - ochreous forewings and whitish hindwings as being the other sex of the species ; after reconsideration of the specimens , all taken together in the same locality , this still seems to me to be probably correct . i desire to direct the attention of collectors to this peculiar case ; it ought not to be difficult to determine whether the species has a dimorphic female ( which would be unprecedented in this group ) , or whether there is some error .
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* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


anoura is a genus of leaf-nosed bats from central and south america .

note that anoura , the bat genus , should not be confused with neither ' anura ' , an order of amphibians , nor ' anoures ' , the original spelling of this order .

anoura

anoura caudifer ( e . geoffroy , 1818 ) – tailed tailless bat , tailed tailless bat
baumgarten , j . , e . vieira . 1994 . reproductive seasonality and development of anoura geoffroyi ( chiroptera : phyllostomidae ) in central brazil .
geographie distribution of anoura fistulata ( black triangles ) on eastern and western slopes of andes , ecuador . type locality is marked with a square .
anoura was a female cerean information broker for the bothan businessman elwis bontraar . her death caused her sister zascha to enact revenge on elwis and kidnap his daughter .
heideman , p . , p . deoraj , f . bronson . 1992 . seasonal reproduction of a tropical bat , anoura - geoffroyi , in relation to photoperiod .
to cite this page : fackler , k . 2005 .
anoura geoffroyi
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
lip morphology of anoura fistulata . a ) lateral view of noseleaf , lip , and partially extended tongue with papillae ; and b ) dorsal view of noseleaf and lip .
measurements ( in mm ) and body masses ( in g ) of specimens of adult anoura fistulata , a . caudifer , a . geoffroyi , and a . cultrata .
cranial and dental morphology of anoura fistulata ( from holotype , epn 9713 ) . a ) dorsal and b ) palatal view of skull , and c ) lateral view of skull and mandible .
during the reign of the galactic republic , anoura worked as an information broker for the bothan elwis bontraar , a wealthy businessman who lived on the planet coruscant and was best known for the annual galactic costume extravaganza , a costume party where guests would swap information anonymously . anoura was eventually killed on a routine mission for elwis which brought much grief to her force - sensitive sister , zascha .
diagnosis . — this is a medium - sized species of anoura ( forearm 35–40 mm ) . distinguishing characteristics include an elongated , tubelike lower lip ( extending 3 . 3–4 . 8 mm beyond upper lip ; fig . 2 ) and an extremely long tongue ( 6–8 cm in fresh individuals ) . the interfemoral membrane is relatively wide ( 3 . 3–7 . 5 mm ) with an inverted v - shaped margin ( versus narrow and u - shaped in other anoura ) . the tail , which is normally absent or rudimentary in other anoura , protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the interfemoral membrane .
mantilla - meluk , h . and baker , r . j . 2006 . systematics of small anoura ( chiroptera : phyllostomidae ) from colombia , with description of a new species . occasional papers museum of texas tech university 261 .
ecology . — anoura fistulata inhabits midelevations of outer slopes of the andes . one specimen was captured in the numbala caves , where it was roosting with 4 other individuals . all specimens have been collected in mature cloud forest habitat .
nathan muchhala , mena v . patricio , albuja v . luis ; a new species of anoura ( chiroptera : phyllostomidae ) from the ecuadorian andes , journal of mammalogy , volume 86 , issue 3 , 6 june 2005 , pages 457–461 , urltoken ; 2
mantilla - meluk , h . and baker , r . j . 2010 . new species of anoura ( chiroptera : phyllostomidae ) from colombia , with systematic remarks and notes on the distribution of the a . geoffroyi complex . occasional papers museum of texas tech university 292 .
we examined approximately 300 museum specimens of anoura . of these , we measured 16 individuals of the new species , 25 of a . caudifer , 25 of a . geoffroyi , and 10 of a . cultrata ( appendix i ) . in addition , we have external measurements and information on collection locality for 4 individuals of the new species , which were captured with mist nets and released . the museum specimens listed above include 9 anoura n . sp . and 5 a . caudifer that we collected ; these were captured with mist nets and euthanized by cervical dislocation . all procedures were in accordance with guidelines of the american society of mammalogists for the capture , handling , and care of mammals ( urltoken ) .
comments : includes lonchoglossa ; see cabrera ( 1958 ) . keys to species of anoura were provided by tamsitt and nagorsen ( 1982 ) and handley ( 1984 ) , but usefulness of these keys has been reduced by subsequent descriptions of new species ( i . e . , by handley [ 1984 ] and molinari [ 1994 ] ) and suggestions that other undescribed species exist ( emmons , 1997 )
in a study of the bat fauna of cloud forests in the cordillera del cóndor and cordillera de cutucú in southwestern ecuador , one of us ( pmv ) collected a series of 8 anoura that he could not identify . muchhala independently encountered individuals of this species during studies of bat pollination in several cloud forest sites on the eastern and western slopes of the andes . subsequent research in museum collections ( appendix i ) revealed additional individuals misidentified as either a . caudifer or a . geoffroyi .
anoura geoffroyi ( 25 ) : ecuador : provincia el carchi : gruta de rumichaca , 2 , 690 m , 00°49′n , 77°40′w ( epn 1616–1624 ) . provincia manabí : san sebastián , 350 m , 01°36′s , 78°42′w ( epn 732 ) . provincia pichincha : amaguaña , 2 , 650 m , 00°22′22″s , 78°30′14″w ( epn 1676–1685 ) ; antisana , 3 , 250 m , 00°25′s , 78°22′w ( epn 1674 , 1675 ) ; el palmito , 1 , 600 m , 00°06′36″n , 78°37′12″w ( epn 1670 , 1671 , 1673 ) .
cranium and mandibles similar in shape to those of a . caudifer , with most measurements approximately 10 % larger ( table 1 ) . mandibular suture protrudes anteriorly ( fig . 1 ) . gap ( 0 . 54 mm , n = 6 ) often present between 1 st and 2nd lower premolar . dental formula identical to that of other species of anoura ( i 2 / 0 , c 1 / 1 , p 3 / 3 , m 3 / 3 , total 32 ) . postpalatal spine relatively short ( 0 . 3 mm , n = 6 ) , although length is highly variable . zygomata complete in all specimens examined .
anoura cultrata ( 10 ) : ecuador : provincia el carchi : el pailón , 1 , 450 m , 01°02′n , 78°15′w ( epn 1583 ) . provincia esmeraldas : km 3 on road to lita , 600 m , 00°52′48″n , 78°28′12″w ( epn 1580 , 1581 ) ; luis vargas torres , 10 km south of río santiago , 300 m , 00°49′n , 78°45′w ( epn 1582 ) . provincia morona - santiago : uuntsuants , 1 , 000 m , 02°33′01″s , 77°54′37″w ( epn 9855 ) . provincia orellana : alto coca , 450 m , 00°05′s , 77°15′w ( epn 1585 ) . provincia pastaza : mera , 1 , 150 m , 01°26′s , 78°06′07″w ( epn 1579 ) ; cavernas mera , 1 , 150 m , 01°27′s , 78°07′07″w ( epn 1584 ) . provincia pichincha : estación biológica maquipucuna , 1 , 200 m , 00°07′30″n , 78°37′36″w ( epn 1586 ) . provincia zamora chinchipe : mayaicu alto , 900 m , 03°58′57″s , 78°37′47″w ( epn 9856 ) .
anoura fistulata ( 17 plus 4 released ) : ecuador : provincia morona santiago : uuntsuants , 1 , 300 m , 02°33′9″s , 77°53′48″w ( epn 9806 ) ; rio cristalino , 1 , 061 m , 03°31′12″s , 78°25′48″w ( epn 9700 ) . provincia napo : cotundo , 1 , 870 m , 00°38′30″s , 77°50′15″w ( epn 9539 ) ; el salado , alto coca , 1 , 800 m , 00°15′s , 77°41′w ( epn 1531 , 1537 ) . provincia pichincha : , bellavista , 2 , 200 m , 00°00′8″s , 78°41′2″w ( qcaz 7500 plus 2 released ) ; guajalito , 2 , 000 m , 00°13′9″s , 78°48′0″w ( qcaz 3427 , 3424 ) ; pahuma , 2 , 275 m , 00°01′4″s , 78°38′w ( 1 released ) ; yanayacu , 2 , 075 m , 00°35′3″s , 77°52′8″w ( 1 released ) . provincia zamora chinchipe : la herradura , 1 , 750 m , 04°02′02″s , 78°34′12″w ( epn 9714–9716 ) ; chinapinza , 1 , 700 m , 04°02′19″s , 78°35′40″w ( mecn 572 ) ; cuevas de numbala , 1 , 890 m , 04°32′48″s , 79°04′05″w ( epn 1561 ) ; destacamento militar condor mirador , 1 , 750 m , 03°38′8″s , 78°23′22″w ( epn 9710–9713 ; holotype and paratypes ) .
anoura caudifer ( 25 ) : ecuador : provincia el carchi : el pailón , 1 , 450 m elevation , 01°02′n , 78°15′w ( epn 1522 ) . provincia esmeraldas : río piedras , 1 , 400 m , 00°32′n , 78°38′w ( epn 1519 ) . provincia morona santiago : destacamento militar etza , 1 , 440 m , 03°03′41″s , 77°56′40″w ( epn 9805 , 9806 ) . provincia napo : archidona , 1 , 600 m , 00°38′48″s , 77°49′25″w ( epn 1105 ) ; cavernas jumandi , tena , 650 m , 00°56′s , 77°50′w ( epn 5053 ) ; cascada san rafael , 1 , 400 m , 00°54′54″s , 77°34′28″w ( epn 1515 ) ; el salado , alto coca , 1 , 700 m , 00°11′s , 77°42′w ( epn 1537 ) ; guamaní , 900 m , 00°43′06″s , 77°36′42″w ( epn 1526–1528 ) . provincia pastaza : mera , 1 , 150 m , 01°26′s , 78°06′w ( epn 1516 ) ; mera , 1 , 200 m , 01°27′s , 78°07′ w ( epn 1518 ) ; arajuno , 400 m , 01°28′15″s , 77°26′w ( epn 1577 ) . provincia sucumbios : marian , 300 m , 00°01′s , 76°19′w ( epn67 ) . provincia orellana : tarapoa , 180 m , 01°05′55′s , 75°38′58″w ( epn 831 ) . provincia zamora chinchipe : tiink , 1 , 150 m , 03°19′40″s , 77°27′ 21″w ( epn 9807 ) ; la herradura , 1 , 750 m , 04°02′02″s , 78°34′12″w ( epn 9857–9861 ) ; mayaicu alto , 900 m , 03°58′57″s , 78°37′47″w ( epn 9862–9864 ) .
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( é . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1818 ) [ orth . error ]
according to the code of the international commission on zoological nomenclature ( simmons 2005 ) .
based on morphological and distributional differences between a . caudifer caudifer and a . c . aequatoris , mantilla - meluk and baker ( 2006 ) elevated the latter to specific level .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species occurs in colombia , venezuela , the guianas , suriname , brazil , ecuador , peru , bolivia , paraguay and northwestern argentina ( simmons 2005 , griffiths and gardner 2008 ) . although the species definition by simmons ( 2005 ) was challenged by mantilla - meluk and baker ( 2006 ) , its distribution remains almost unchanged . further studies are necessary to establish the taxonomic and geographic limits in regard to a . aequatoris .
over most of its geographic range , northern and central andes , the species is not rare , at the brazilian cerrado capture rates are often reported to be low ( zortéa 2003 ) . it is rare in argentina and the abundance of this species seems to decrease southwards , becoming difficult to capture ( barquez et al . 1999 ) .
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based on the morphological distinction observed between a . g . peruana and a . g . geoffroyi , as well as the ecological differentiation of the areas inhabited by these two taxa , mantilla - meluk and baker ( 2010 ) elevated a . peruana to specific level .
arroyo - cabrales , j . , mantilla - meluk , h . & molinari , j .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas and because the population is likely to be stable .
this species is common and widespread ( emmons and feer 1997 ) , and broadly tolerant of human disturbance ( handley 1976 ) .
there are no major threats to this species . cave mining and tourism could be a threat . there is habitat loss in mexico ( j . arroyo - cabrales pers . comm . ) .
it occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range . recommended conservation actions include the identification and protection of caves where this species is found . also , further research on the taxonomic distinction among putative species and subspecies of this species - complex should be enforced ( jarrin and kunz 2008 ) .
medellín , r . ( chiroptera red list authority ) & schipper , j . ( global mammal assessment team )
justification : listed as data deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence .
this species occurs throughout the ecuadorian andes , including the eastern and western slopes of the andes of northern ecuador , and the slopes of the cordillera de cóndor and cordillera del cutucú in southern ecuador . its known distribution is restricted to higher elevations ( 1 , 300 - 1 , 890 m on the eastern and 2 , 000 - 2 , 275 m on the western slopes ) , where it inhabits montane cloud forests ( muchhala et al . , 2005 ) .
although widespread , this species is uncommon , as demonstrated by the low rate of capture in mist nets and its relative rarity in museum collections ( muchhala et al . , 2005 ) .
the ecosystem on which it is highly dependant is very fragile and the rate of destruction is high ( mantilla pers . comm . ) .
the species range is within two protected areas in which it is likely to occur although there are no records ( burneo pers . comm . )
justification : this species is listed as least concern because of its wide distribution , presumed large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas and as it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species has a discontinuous range . it occurs in venezuela , guyana , colombia and peru ( simmons 2005 ) . the elevation range is 50 to 2 , 100 m asl in venezuela ( linares 1998 ) .
in venezuela and colombia , it is not common ( linares 1998 , mantilla pers . comm . ) .
it is strongly associated with tropical evergreen forest ( handley 1976 ) . it feeds on nectar , insects , fruit and pollen . it roosts in small groups in caves or tree hollows and is found in lowland rainforest , deciduous forest , gardens and plantations . it is common only where there are caves or rock crevices , and rare or perhaps absent from lowland amazonian forests lacking high ground , rocks and caves ( emmons and feer 1997 ) .
there are no major threats but the habitat is under threat in some areas ( molinari pers . comm . ) .
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, geoffroy ' s tailless bat , is found from central mexico to central south america and in trinidad and grenada .
have been reported occur in tropical rain forests and in savanna - like cerrado near trees .
( baumgarten and vieira , 1994 ; heideman , et al . , 1992 ; zortea , 2003 )
geoffroy ' s tailless bats have a dull - brown color when viewed from above and a gray - brown color when viewed from below . they usually have a silvery - gray color on the shoulders and neck . no tail is present . nowak ( 1999 ) describes the calcar as rudimentary and the cheek teeth as narrow and elongate . the tongue is long and has papillae , and the muzzle is elongate . the average mass for
is 15 . 2 g . in peru body length ranges from 61 to 71 mm , skull length ranges from 24 . 3 to 26 . 6 mm , and forearm length ranges from 41 to 45 mm .
in central brazil , males and females were reported to be about the same size . mean male mass , forearm length and wing area were 14 . 9 g , 42 . 1 mm and 91 . 43 cm2 respectively ; mean female mass , forearm length and wing area were 14 . 7 g , 42 . 3 mm and 91 . 77 cm2 respectively . however , in central trinidad , heideman observed that “females had slightly longer forearms than males ( females 42 . 3 ± 0 . 1 mm , males 39 . 9 ± 0 . 3 mm ) . ” this difference in forearm length may be related to reproduction , since females carry a single pup until it is ready to fly on its own .
( baumgarten and vieira , 1994 ; heideman , et al . , 1992 )
. this may be because they are small , nocturnal , and fly - - making it difficult to observe mating and courtship .
in trinidad may have evolved to accommodate the simultaneous occurrence of lactation and food abundance .
had a seasonal monoestrous cycle . however , birthing and pregnancy timing differed between the two study sites . both study sites had wet and dry seasons , but the sites experienced the seasons in different months . nowak ( 1999 ) stated that pregnant
have been collected in nicaragua during july , in costa rica during march , and inperu during june , and that lactating females have been collected july , november and december in mexico . unless lactation lasts for more than 6 months , this may indicate that in some places the bats undergo two reproductive cylces per year , having young both in summer and late autumn months .
likely breeds once a year , although females in some populations may have two young per year .
more research is needed to understand the father’s role ( if any ) in postpartum care of offspring . adult males may sometimes use different roosts than females and young . baumgarten et al . ( 1994 ) found that the number of adult male bats decreased in the cave when pregnant females or females with young were present .
it is likley that like all microchiropterans , these bats live longer than other mammals of similar size . although there are no data on maximum lifespan , or population age composition , one member of this species in captivity is known to have lived longer than 10 years .
is a dexterous flier and is able to hover . members of this species may roost alone or in groups . roosting groups may include both sexes or may seasonally include colonies of different sexes . heideman et al . ( 1992 ) reported
in a cave in trinidad that left the cave “within 40 minutes of sunset” and “returned from midnight to about dawn . ”
( heideman , et al . , 1992 ; nowak , 1999 ; tamsitt and nagorsen , 1982 )
. a tracking study in central brazil suggests that individual bats roost in the same cave for more than a year .
phyllostomids use calls for echolocation and communication . heideman et al . ( 1992 ) described the eyes of
as large and suggested that the bat relies on vision in addition to echolocation . in addition to use of echolocation , these bats likely have some vocal communication , as is common in the family . scent probably plays some role in communication , as it does in most mammals , during reproduction . tactile communication undoubtedly occurs between mothers and their offspring as well as between mates . this for of communication may occur between bats in the roost .
eats insects , fruit , nectar and pollen . although this bat is a generalist , it prefers fruit and arthropods in central brazil .
can be considered a foliage gleaner because it eats insects that are on leaves , nectar and flowers .
. it is likely that small mammals , snakes , and birds of prey could take these bats as prey items . because they are gleaners , taking isects from surfaces , and feeders on fruit and nectar , they are relatively slow in flight , making them more susceptible to aerial predators .
eats insects and pollinates plants . in brazil it is sympatric with two other nectarivorous bats ,
host macronyssid mites that cause periodontal disease . this may result in the first premolars being lost .
eats insects and pollinates plants . however , whether it polinates crops or controls pest populations is not known .
does not appear on the iucn red list . no data were returned on searches for
kim fackler ( author ) , university of alaska fairbanks , link e . olson ( editor , instructor ) , university of alaska fairbanks , nancy shefferly ( editor ) , animal diversity web .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
used loosely to describe any group of organisms living together or in close proximity to each other - for example nesting shorebirds that live in large colonies . more specifically refers to a group of organisms in which members act as specialized subunits ( a continuous , modular society ) - as in clonal organisms .
the process by which an animal locates itself with respect to other animals and objects by emitting sound waves and sensing the pattern of the reflected sound waves .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
gould , e . 1977 . echolocation and communication . pp . 247 - 279 in r baker , k jones , jr . , d carter , eds .
zortea , m . 2003 . reproductive patterns and feeding habits of three nectarivororus bats ( phyllostomidae : glossophaginae ) from the brazilian cerrado .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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these are far from the tiniest bats , but an individual at the top of the weight range weighs only about half an ounce ( 18 g ) . unlike many bats , they have hairy legs and feet and small , hairy tail membranes , which undoubtedly collect pollen - to eat , but also to spread from plant to plant . they have long , narrow muzzles and no lower incisor teeth , which probably helps them stick their tongues way into a blossom to gather nectar . they also eat insects and fruit .
these bats are found in lowland forests and fruit groves and at elevations as high as 2 , 500 meters . they roost in caves and tunnels ; about 75 were counted roosting in small clusters in one tunnel .
gray , j . e . , 1838 . magazine of zoology and botany ( jardine ) , 2 : 490 .
mammal species of the world ( opens in a new window ) . mammalian species , american society of mammalogists ' species account ( opens in a new window ) .
could contain two species ( l . davalos pers . comm . ) . includes brevirostrum and werckleae ; see nagorsen and tamsitt ( 1981 ) .
justification : this species is assessed as least concern because of its wide distribution throughout is geographic range ; although it might be locally rare , there are no specific requirements for its occurrence . this species is highly dependent on very fragile ecosystems , with a high rate of transformation ; however , these impacts are not noticeable on their populations or distribution .
this species occurs in humid high montane cloud forest in costa rica , panama , venezuela , colombia , ecuador , peru , and bolivia ( simmons 2005 ) .
the species seems to be rare in colombia , peru and bolivia , but locally common in costa rica and panama .
it is strongly associated with humid montane cloud forest ( minimum 1 , 000 m throughout most of the andes , but can occur lower where this habitat is present ) ( h . mantilla - meluk , pers . comm . ) . it feeds on nectar , pollen occasionally insects and fruit . it roosts in small groups in caves , commonly found with other species in the genus . it also roosts in tunnels or tree hollows ( tamsitt and nagorsen 1982 ) .
there are no major direct threats throughout its range , but as with other species from andean forest , there is a great risk because of reduction of forest cover associated to expansion of agriculture and human populations .
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cirranello , andrea , nancy b . simmons , sergio solari , and robert j . baker
mammals of south america , vol . 1 : marsupials , xenarthrans , shrews , and bats
nogueira , marcelo r . , isaac p . lima , adriano l . peracchi , and nancy b . simmons
simmons , nancy b . / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
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department of biology , university of miami , p . o . box 249118 , coral gables , fl 33124 , usa
mass was taken in the field with a pesola scale ( pesola ag , baar , switzerland ) and rounded to the nearest 0 . 5 g . external dimensions also were measured in the field with a plastic ruler , to the nearest 0 . 5 mm , or to the nearest 0 . 1 mm with dial calipers . external measurements include forearm length , from the elbow ( tip of the olecranon process ) to the wrist ( including the carpals ) ; total length , from tip of muzzle to tip of tail ; tail length , from base of tail to tip of last caudal vertebra ; uropatagium width , from base of tail to center of margin of interfemoral membrane ; vibrissae length , length of longest rostral vibrissa ; ear length , length of pinna from base of antitragus ; and hind foot length , from ankle to tip of claw .
craniodental dimensions were measured from cleaned skulls with dial calipers , to the nearest 0 . 1 mm . these include total skull length , from the posteriormost point of the occiput to the anteriormost point of the premaxillae ; condylobasal length , a line connecting the posterior margins of the occipital condyles to the anteriormost point of the premaxillae ; zygomatic breadth , greatest breadth across the zygomatic arches ; postorbital breadth , least breadth across the frontals posterior to the postorbital process ; braincase breadth , greatest breadth of the globular part of the braincase ; palatal length , from the posteriormost margin of the upper medial incisor alveolus to the posteriormost point of the palate ( including the postpalatal spine , when present ) ; maxillary tooth - row length , from the anteriormost face of the canine to the posteriormost face of the crown of the 3rd molar ; mandible length , from the anteriormost point of the mandible to the posteriormost point of the mandibular condyle ; mandibular tooth - row length , from the anteriormost face of the canine to the posteriormost face of the 3rd molar ; breadth across molars , greatest breadth across the outer edges of the crowns of the 3rd upper molars ; and breadth across canines , greatest breadth across the outer edges of the crowns of the upper canines .
holotype . — adult male ( epn 9713 ) , preserved in alcohol with skull removed ( fig . 1 ) , collected 6 may 2003 by p . mena v . ( original number cm009 ) , on the condor mirador ( near the destacamento militar ; 3°38′08″s , 78°23′22″w ) of the cordillera del condor , 1 , 750 m , zamora chinchipe province , ecuador .
paratypes . — the 3 paratypes were collected by p . mena v . at the type locality , and include an adult female ( epn 9710 ) , skin and skull , collected 24 june 2003 ; an adult male ( epn 9711 ) , skin and skull , collected 5 may 2003 ; and an adult female ( epn 9712 ) , preserved in alcohol , collected 6 may 2003 .
distribution . — we recorded a . fistulata in 10 localities throughout the ecuadorian andes ( fig . 3 ) , including the eastern and western slopes of the andes of northern ecuador , and the slopes of the cordillera de condor and cordillera del cutucú in southern ecuador . its known distribution is restricted to higher elevations ( 1 , 300–1 , 890 m on the eastern and 2 , 000–2 , 275 m on the western slopes ) , where it inhabits montane cloud forests . although widespread , this species is uncommon , as demonstrated by the low rate of capture in mist nets and its relative rarity in museum collections . given the proximity of several collection sites to the peruvian border , it is highly likely that a . fistulata also occurs to the south in peru , and it may occur to the north in colombia , as well .
etymology . — the specific epithet for this species is derived from the latin word for tube ( fistula ) , and refers to the characteristic tubelike lower lip . an appropriate common name for the species is the tube - lipped nectar bat .
specimens examined . — the following specimens used in this study are preserved in the escuela politécnica nacional , quito , ecuador ( epn ) ; the museo de zoología of the pontificia universidad católica del ecuador , quito , ecuador ( qcaz ) ; and the museo ecuatoriano de ciencias naturales , quito , ecuador ( mecn ) . sample size is given in parentheses .
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