madrepora oculata , also called zigzag coral , is a scleractinia ( stony coral ) that is found worldwide outside of the polar regions , growing in deep water at depths of 80 – 1500 meters .

it was first described by linnaeus in 1758 .

it is one of only 12 species of coral that are found worldwide , including in subantarctic oceans .

in some areas , such as in the mediterranean sea and the north-east atlantic ocean , it dominates communities of coral .

madrepora oculata

? madrepora vitiae squires and keyes , 1967 , p . 22 , pi . 1 , figs . 4 - 8 .
amphihelia oculata ; milne edwards and haime , 1857 , p . 119 . —von marenzeller , 1904a , p . 308 , pi . 14 , figs . 1 , lb .
distribution . according to zibrowius ( 1974a , p . 776 ) , distribution of m . oculata worldwide outside of polar seas . three of above - mentioned records extend the southernmost distribution of m . oculata to subantarctic waters : hjort seamount , a seamount in the subantarctic south pacific , and a seamount in the drake passage ( map 2 ) . worldwide depth range : 80 - 1500 m ; subantarctic records : 549 - 833 m .
cairns , 1982 p . 15 , plate 3 , figs . 4 - 6 .
( of madrepora kauaiensis vaughan , 1907 ) cairns , s . d . , 1984 . new records of ahermatypic corals ( scleractinia ) from the hawaiian and line islands . occasional papers of the bishop musem , 25 ( 10 ) : 1 - 30 . [ details ]
( of madrepora kauaiensis vaughan , 1907 ) cairns , s . d . ; hoeksema , b . w . & van der land , j . ( 2007 ) . as a contribution to unesco - ioc register of marine organisms . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
madrepora oculata linnaeus , 1758 , p . 798 . —von marenzeller , 1904b , p . 79 . —eguchi , 1968 , p . c - 29 , pi . c - 8 , figs . 1 - 9 . —zibrowius , 1974a , pp . 762 - 766 , pi . 2 , figs . 2 - 5 ; 1980 , pp . 36 - 40 , pi . 13 , figs . a - p . —cairns , 1979 , pp . 39 - 42 , pi . 3 , fig . 2 , pi . 4 , fig . 5 , pi . 5 , figs . 1 - 3 .
( of madrepora kauaiensis vaughan , 1907 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of madrepora alcocki faustino , 1927 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
types . the types of m . oculata are lost . typelocality : off sicily and tyrrhenian sea , mediterranean . syntypes of l . candida are deposited at the british museum ( 1880 . 11 . 25 . 95 ) . type - locality : off sombrero island , lesser antilles ; 823 m . the holotype of m . vitiae is deposited at the new zealand oceanographic institute ( 17 ) . typelocality : off cape farewell , new zealand ; 230 - 251 m .
( of madrepora candida ( moseley , 1881 ) ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of madrepora vitiae squires & keyes , 1967 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of madrepora venusta milne edwards & haime , 1850 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hoeksema , b . w . ; cairns , s . ( 2018 ) . world list of scleractinia .
cairns , s . d . , hoeksema , b . w . , and j . van der land , 2001 . scleractinia , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 109 - 110 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1984 . new records of ahermatypic corals ( scleractinia ) from the hawaiian and line islands . occasional papers of the bishop musem , 25 ( 10 ) : 1 - 30 . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , and keller , n . b . , 1993 . new taxa and distributional records of azooxanthellate scleractinia from the tropical south - west indian ocean , with comments on their zoogeography and ecology . ann . s . afr . mus . 103 ( 5 ) : 213 - 292 , 13 pls . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , jaap , w . c . , and j . c . lang . 2009 . scleractinia ( cnidaria ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 333–347 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1998 . azooxanthellate scleractinia ( cnidaria : anthozoa ) of western australia . rec . of west . austr . mus . 18 ( 4 ) : 361 - 417 , 9 pls . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
cairns , s . d . ; gershwin , l . ; brook , f . j . ; pugh , p . ; dawson , e . w . ; ocaña o . v . ; vervoort , w . ; williams , g . ; watson , j . e . ; opresko , d . m . ; schuchert , p . ; hine , p . m . ; gordon , d . p . ; campbell , h . j . ; wright , a . j . ; sánchez , j . a . ; fautin , d . g . ( 2009 ) . phylum cnidaria : corals , medusae , hydroids , myxozoans . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 59 - 101 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
cairns , s . d . , 2004 . azooxanthellate scleractinia of australia . rec . australian mus . , 56 ( 3 ) : 259 - 329 , 12 pls . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . ( 1999 ) . cnidaria anthozoa : deep - water azooxanthellate scleractinia from vanuatu , and wallis and futuna islands . in : crosnier , a . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 20 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 180 : 31 - 167 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1995 . the marine fauna of new zealand : scleractinia ( cnidaria : anthozoa ) . n . z . oceanographic mem , 103 : 210 pp . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1991 . a revision of the ahermatypic scleractinia of the galápagos and cocos islands . smith . cont . zool . 504 : 32 pp . , 12 pls . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . ; zibrowius , h . ( 1997 ) . cnidaria anthozoa : azooxanthellate scleractinia from the philippine and indonesian regions . in : crosnier , a . et al . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 16 . campagne franco - indonésienne karubar . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 172 : 27 - 244 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
zibrowius , h . ( 1980 ) . les scléractiniaires de la méditerranée et de l ' atlantique nord - oriental . mémoires de l ' institut océanographique , monaco , 11 . musée océanographique de monaco : monaco . 3 volumes , including bibliography and taxonomic index pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1982 . antarctic and subantarctic scleractinia . antarctic research series 34 : 1 - 74 . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1979 . the deep - water scleractinia of the caribbean and adjacent waters . stud . fauna curacao , 57 ( 180 ) : 341 pp . [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 1994 . scleractinia of the temperate north pacific . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 557 : 150 pp . , 42 plates , 3 figs . [ details ]
roberts , j . m . , a . wheeler , a . freiwald , and s . d . cairns , 2009 . cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . 334 pp . [ details ]
( of cyathohelia formosa alcock , 1898 ) fautin , daphne g . ( 2013 ) . hexacorallians of the world . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cyathohelia formosa alcock , 1898 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of lophohelia investigatoris alcock , 1898 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of lophohelia tenuis moseley , 1881 ) cairns , s . d . ( 2009 ) . on line appendix : phylogenetic list of the 711 valid recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges , 28 pp . in : cold - water corals : the biology and geology of deep - sea coral habitats . cambridge university press , cambridge . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
amphihelia ramea ; duncan , 1873 , p . 326 , pi . 44 , figs . 1 - 3 , pi . 45 , figs . 4 - 6 , pi . 46 , figs . 1 - 19 .
lophohelia candida moseley , 1881 , pp . 179 , 180 , pi . 9 , figs . 6 - 13 .
description . colony bushy or flabellate , formed by extratentacular budding . end branches having sympodial arrangement of corallites , measuring between 2 . 3 and 4 . 0 mm in diameter ; diameter of attached base up to 2 cm . calices round , 2 . 4 - 3 . 8 mm in diameter , exsert on end branches , recessed or flush with coenosteum toward base . coenosteum smooth , extremely finely granulated ; costae and coenosteal striae rare . septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles . sl equal to or larger than s2 ; s3 much smaller , sometimes rudimentary . inner edges of septa straight , sometimes thickened near columella . septal faces covered by granules , sometimes twice as high as septal thickness . fossa variable in depth , usually dependent on age of corallite , older corallites having shallower fossae . columella variable , usually papillose , sometimes absent .
material . eltanin sta . 254 , usnm 47500 ; sta . 1346 , usnm 47499 ; sta . 1403 , usnm . 47501 ; sta . 1416 , usnm 47665 ; sta . 1422 , usnm 47497 ; sta . 1814 , usnm 47502 ; sta . 1816 , usnm 47498 ; sta . 1818 , usnm 47504 . nzoi sta . c - 642 , usnm 47514 ; sta . d - 6 , usnm 47503 . specimens listed by cairns ( 1979 ) , usnm ; topotypic specimens of m . vitiae from nzoi sta . b - 314 , type lot , usnm 47515 . syntypes of l . candida .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en
urltoken
cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
javascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .
copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .
linnaeus , 1758 . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 135209 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
cairns , s . d . , hoeksema , b . w . , and j . van der land , 2001 . scleractinia , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 109 - 110 ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
cairns , s . d . ( 1999 ) . cnidaria anthozoa : deep - water azooxanthellate scleractinia from vanuatu , and wallis and futuna islands . in : crosnier , a . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 20 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 180 : 31 - 167 . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in ror ) [ details ] available for editors
cairns , s . d . ; gershwin , l . ; brook , f . j . ; pugh , p . ; dawson , e . w . ; ocaña o . v . ; vervoort , w . ; williams , g . ; watson , j . e . ; opresko , d . m . ; schuchert , p . ; hine , p . m . ; gordon , d . p . ; campbell , h . j . ; wright , a . j . ; sánchez , j . a . ; fautin , d . g . ( 2009 ) . phylum cnidaria : corals , medusae , hydroids , myxozoans . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 59 - 101 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
cairns , s . d . ; zibrowius , h . ( 1997 ) . cnidaria anthozoa : azooxanthellate scleractinia from the philippine and indonesian regions . in : crosnier , a . et al . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 16 . campagne franco - indonésienne karubar . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 172 : 27 - 244 . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
zibrowius , h . ( 1980 ) . les scléractiniaires de la méditerranée et de l ' atlantique nord - oriental . mémoires de l ' institut océanographique , monaco , 11 . musée océanographique de monaco : monaco . 3 volumes , including bibliography and taxonomic index pp . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
nagornov , konstantin o . ; kozhinov , anton n . ; tsybin , yury o .
ms ) at the cyclotron frequency instead of the reduced cyclotron frequency has been experimentally demonstrated using narrow aperture detection electrode ( nadel ) icr cells . here , based on the results of simion simulations , we provide the initial mechanistic insights into the cyclotron frequency regime generation in
potential as realized in nadel icr cells . during ion detection , ions of the same m / z move in phase for cyclotron ion motion but out of phase for magnetron ( drift ) ion motion destroying signals at the fundamental and high order harmonics that comprise reduced cyclotron frequency components . after an initial magnetron motion period , ion clouds distribute into a novel type of structures - ion slabs , elliptical cylinders , or star - like structures . these structures rotate at the larmor ( half - cyclotron ) frequency on a plane orthogonal to the magnetic field , inducing signals at the true cyclotron frequency on each of the narrow aperture detection electrodes . to eliminate the reduced cyclotron frequency peak upon dipolar ion detection , a number of slabs or elliptical cylinders organizing a star - like configuration are formed . in a nadel icr cell with quadrupolar ion detection , a single slab or an elliptical cylinder is sufficient to minimize the intensity of the reduced cyclotron frequency components , particularly the second harmonic . [ figure not available : see fulltext .
laboratory simulations have been carried out to model chemical reactions that possibly take place in the stratosphere of saturn ' s moon , titan . the aerosol products of these reactions ( tholin samples ) have been systematically analyzed by mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization ( esi ) and laser desorption ( ld ) . a wide variety of ions with a general formula c ( x ) h ( y ) n ( z ) detected by ultrahigh resolution and accurate mass measurements in a fourier transform / ion cyclotron resonance (
) cell reflect the complexity of these polymeric products , both in chemical compositions and isomeric distributions . as a common feature , however , tandem mass spectral ( ms / ms ) data and h / d exchange products in the solution phase support the presence of amino and nitrile functionalities in these ( highly unsaturated )
tholin
compounds . the present work demonstrates that esi - ms coupled with
is a suitable and
intact
method to analyze tholin components formed under anaerobic conditions ; only species with c ( x ) h ( y ) n ( z ) are detected for freshly prepared and harvested samples . however , when intentionally exposed to water , oxygen - containing compounds are unambiguously detected .
mass spectrometry on short - lived radionuclides . owed to the ability of revealing all nucleonic interactions , mass measurements far off the line of { beta } - stability are expected to bring new insight to the current knowledge of nuclear properties and serve to test the predictive power of mass models and formulas . in nuclear astrophysics , atomic masses are fundamental parameters for the understanding of the synthesis of nuclei in the stellar environments . this thesis presents ten mass values of radionuclides around a = 90 interspersed in the predicted rp - process pathway . six of them have been experimentally determined for the first time . the measurements have been carried out at the
mass spectrometer shiptrap using the destructive time - of - flight ion - cyclotron - resonance ( tof - icr ) detection technique . given the limited performance of the tof - icr detection when trying to investigate heavy / superheavy species with small production cross sections ( { sigma } < 1 { mu } b ) , a new detection system is found to be necessary . thus , the second part of this thesis deals with the commissioning of a cryogenic double -
ion will provide the required information to determine its mass . first off - line tests of a new detector system based on a channeltron with an attached conversion dynode , of a cryogenic pumping barrier , to guarantee ultra - high vacuum conditions during mass determination , and of the detection electronics for the required single - ion sensitivity are reported . ( orig . )
are derived as eigenstates of the appropriate annihilation operators . they are compared with those obtained through the displacement operator method .
coherent states are derived as eigenstates of the appropriate annihilation operators . these states are compared with those obtained through the displacement operator . the associated wavefunctions and mean values for some relevant operators in these states are also evaluated . it turns out that the
because of the increasing importance of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source , there is a growing need for petroleomics : the pursuit of more complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions of crude oil . crude oil has an extremely complex nature ; hence , techniques with ultra - high resolving capabilities , such as fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (
ms has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils such as bitumen and shale oil . however , the analysis of crude oil with
ms is not trivial , and it has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities . for example , high - resolution mass spectra of crude oils may contain over 100 , 000 peaks that require interpretation . to visualize large data sets more effectively , data processing methods such as kendrick mass defect analysis and statistical analyses have been developed . the successful application of
ms instrumentation and data processing methods . this review offers an introduction to the basic principles ,
ms instrumentation development , ionization techniques , and data interpretation methods for petroleomics and is intended for readers having no prior experience in this field of study . â© 2014 wiley periodicals , inc .
and related experimental techniques . it serves both as a primer for those entering the field , and as a quick reference for those working in it . the book is motivated by the observation that often a vast number of different resources have to be explored to gain a good overview of
principles . this is especially true for students who experience additional difficulty due to the different styles of presentation and notation . this volume provides a broad introductory overview in unified notation .
plasma , including the effect of the finite length and end curvature of the plasma column . a new cylindrical pic code , called kandinsky , has been implemented by using a new interpolation scheme . the principal idea is to calculate the volume of each cell from a particle volume , in the same manner as it is done for the cell charge . with this new method , the density is conserved along streamlines and artificial sources of compressibility are avoided . the code has been validated with a reference eulerian fluid code . we compare the dynamics of three different models : a model with compression effects , the standard euler model and a geophysical fluid dynamics model . the results of our investigation prove that
ringle , r . ; bollen , g . ; schury , p . ; sun , t . [ national superconducting cyclotron laboratory , east lansing , mi ( united states ) ; michigan state university , department of physics and astronomy , east lansing , mi ( united states ) ; lawton , d . ; schwarz , s . [ national superconducting cyclotron laboratory , east lansing , mi ( united states )
mass measurements of rare isotopes , delivered by the coupled cyclotron facility ( ccf ) of the nscl . the lebit
system has been optimized for high - accuracy mass measurements of very short - lived isotopes . ( orig . )
mass spectrometer shiptrap at gsi darmstadt allows accurate mass measurements of radionuclides , produced in fusion - evaporation reactions and separated by the velocity filter ship from the primary beam . recently , the masses of the three nobelium isotopes 252 - 254 no were determined . these are the first direct mass measurements of transuranium elements , which provide new anchor points in this region . the heavy nuclides were produced in cold - fusion reactions by irradiating a pbs target with a 48 ca beam , resulting in production rates of the nuclei of interest of about one atom per second . in combination with data from decay spectroscopy our results are used to perform a new atomic - mass evaluation in this region .
at 4 k , open the way toward the production and study of cold antihydrogen . we have begun experimentally investigating the possibility to recombine cold positrons and antiprotons within nested
electrons . electrons , protons and ions are counted by ejecting them to a cold channel plate and by nondestructive radiofrequency techniques . the effect of the space charge of one
the synthetic cannabinoids ( scs ) represent the most recent advent of the new psychotropic substances ( nps ) and has become popularly known to mitigate the effects of the î ( 9 ) - thc . the scs are dissolved in organic solvents and sprayed in a dry herbal blend . however , little information is reported on active ingredients of scs as well as the excipients or diluents added to the herbal blend . in this work , the direct infusion electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry technique ( esi -
ms ) was applied to explore the chemical composition of nine samples of herbal extract blends , where a total of 11 scs ( ur - 144 , jwh - 073 , xlr - 11 , jwh - 250 , jwh - 122 , am - 2201 , akb48 , jwh - 210 , jwh - 081 , mam - 2201 and 5f - akb48 ) were identified in the positive ionization mode , esi ( + ) , and other 44 chemical species ( saturated and unsaturated fatty acids , sugars , flavonoids , etc . ) were detected in the negative ionization mode , esi ( - ) . additionally , cid experiments were performed , and fragmentation pathways were proposed to identify the connectivity of scs . thus , the direct infusion esi -
ms technique is a powerful tool in forensic chemistry that enables the rapid and unequivocal way for the determination of molecular formula , the degree of unsaturation ( dbe - double bond equivalent ) and exact mass ( < 1ppm ) of a total of 55 chemical species without the prior separation step . copyright â© 2016 elsevier ireland ltd . all rights reserved .
dissolved organic nitrogen is an often overlooked but potentially significant bioavailable component of dissolved organic matter . studies of bulk don turnover have been reported , but the compositions of the reactive and refractory components of don are largely unknown . here we show the unique ability of atmospheric pressure photoionization ( appi ) coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to identify the reactive and refractory components of don . figure 1 is an isolated 0 . 30 m / z window from an ultrahigh resolution appi
mass spectrum of don in surface waters draining an agricultural area in south florida . using this optimized , negative - ion appi strategy we have been able to identify the reactive and refractory components of don in these nitrogen - rich waters . similar results were observed with samples from soil porewaters in sedge - dominated fens and sphagnum - dominated bogs within the glacial lake agassiz peatlands ( glap ) of northern minnesota . surprisingly , microbes appear to initially use similar enzymatic pathways to degrade don and doc , often with little release of nitrogen . figure 1 . isolated 0 . 30 m / z window at nominal mass 432 from negative - ion appi
mass spectrum of dom from waters draining an agricultural area in south florida . peaks marked contain nitrogen .
porobiä , t . ; beck , m . ; breitenfeldt , m . ; couratin , c . ; finlay , p . ; knecht , a . ; fabian , x . ; friedag , p . ; flã©chard , x . ; liã©nard , e . ; ban , g . ; zã¡kouckã½ , d . ; soti , g . ; van gorp , s . ; weinheimer , ch . ; wursten , e . ; severijns , n .
of the witch retardation spectrometer - based setup at isolde / cern were performed . experimental ion cyclotron resonances were compared with ab initio coulomb simulations and found to be in agreement . as an important systematic effect of the witch experiment , the magnetron eigenfrequency of the ion cloud was studied under increasing space - charge conditions . finally , the helium buffer gas pressure in the
ms ) allows data - independent fragmentation of all ions in a sample and correlation of fragment ions to their precursors through the modulation of precursor ion cyclotron radii prior to fragmentation . previous results show that implementation of 2d
ms with infrared multi - photon dissociation ( irmpd ) and electron capture dissociation ( ecd ) has turned this method into a useful analytical tool . in this work , irmpd tandem mass spectrometry of calmodulin ( cam ) has been performed both in one - dimensional and two - dimensional
ms is used to achieve extensive inter - residue bond cleavage and assignment for cam , using its unique features for fragment identification in a less time - and sample - consuming experiment than doing the same thing using sequential ms / ms experiments . graphical abstract á  .
. the demonstrated interaction of electrons and protons at very low relative velocities , where recombination is predicted to be most rapid , indicates that this may be a route towards the study of low temperature recombination . the production of cold antihydrogen is of particular interest , and electron cooling of highly stripped ions may also be possible . copyright 1996 the american physical society
facility designed to combine several novel technologies to decelerate , charge breed , cool , bunch and purify the reaction products and perform high - accuracy nuclear and atomic mass measurements . it is now in the commissioning phase , achieving a mass - resolving power of about 10 5 in the purification
szerypo , j . ; kolhinen , v . s . ; gartzke , e . ; habs , d . ; neumayr , j . ; schuermann , c . ; sewtz , m . ; thirolf , p . g . [ university of munich ( lmu ) and maier - leibnitz - laboratory ( mll ) , faculty of physics , garching ( germany ) ; bussmann , m . ; schramm , u . [ university of munich ( lmu ) and maier - leibnitz - laboratory ( mll ) , faculty of physics , garching ( germany ) ; forschungszentrum dresden - rossendorf , dresden ( germany )
facility designed to combine several novel technologies to decelerate , charge breed , cool , bunch and purify the reaction products and perform high - accuracy nuclear and atomic mass measurements . it is now in the commissioning phase , achieving a mass - resolving power of about 10 { sup 5 } in the purification
porobic , t . ; beck , m . ; breitenfeldt , m . ; couratin , c . ; finlay , p . ; knecht , a . ; fabian , x . ; friedag , p . ; flechard , x . ; lienard , e . ; ban , g . ; zã¡kouckã½ , dalibor ; soti , g . ; van gorp , s . ; weinheimer , c . ; wursten , e . ; severijns , n .
* buffer gas cooling * ion cyclotron resonance subject riv : bg - nuclear , atomic and molecular physics , colliders impact factor : 1 . 200 , year : 2015
) that will focus on measurements with long - lived radioactive isotopes . chip -
in a 12 t magnetic field . ions will be produced by external ion sources , including a laser ablation source , and transported to the capture
at low energies enabling ions of a given m / q ratio to be selected via their time - of - flight . in the capture
has been installed and successfully commissioned at the maier - leibnitz laboratory in garching . this
system has been designed to isobarically purify low energy ion beams and perform highly accurate mass measurements . an electrostatic quadrupole deflector has been designed and installed at the injection line of the
system enabling a simultaneous use of an online ion beam with reference ions from an offline ion source . alternatively two offline sources can be used concurrently e . g . an { alpha } recoil sources providing heavy radioactive species ( e . g { sup 240 } u ) together with reference mass ions ( which in the future will be e . g . a carbon cluster ion source ) . the bender has been designed for beam energies up to 1 kev with q / a ratios 1 / 1 - 1 / 250 . this presentation shows the technical design and the operating parameters of the quadrupole beam bender and its implementation at the mlltrap system .
) mass spectrometry analysis of eight snow samples from moscow city allowed us to identify more than 2000 various elemental compositions corresponding to regional air pollutants . the hierarchical cluster analysis ( hca ) of the data showed good concordance of three main groups of samples with the main wind directions . the north - west group ( a1 ) is represented by several homologous chos series of aliphatic organic aerosols . they may form as a result of enhanced photochemical reactions including oxidation of hydrocarbons with sulfonations due to higher amount of so2 emissions in the atmosphere in this region . group a2 , corresponding to the south - east part of moscow , contains large amount of oxidized hydrocarbons of different sources that may form during oxidation in atmosphere . these hydrocarbons appear correlated to emissions from traffic , neighboring oil refinery , and power plants . another family of compounds specific for this region involves chno substances formed during oxidation processes including nox and no3 radical since emissions of nox are higher in this part of the city . group a3 is rich in cho type of compounds with high h / c and low o / c ratios , which is characteristic of oxidized hydrocarbon - like organic aerosol . chno types of compounds in a3 group are probably nitro derivatives of condensed hydrocarbons such as pah . this non - targeted profiling revealed site specific distribution of pollutants and gives a chance to develop new strategies in air quality control and further studies of moscow environment . copyright â© 2016 elsevier b . v . all rights reserved .
jarvis , jacqueline m . ; billing , justin m . ; corilo , yuri e . ; schmidt , andrew j . ; hallen , richard t . ; schaub , tanner m .
ms ) is utilized for direct comparison of the chemical composition of biocrudes generated from the hydrothermal liquefaction of 100 % pine , 100 % algae , 75 : 25 pine : algae , and 50 : 50 pine : algae feedstocks . this analysis reveals that the of the 72 : 25 and 50 : 50 pine : algal htl biocrudes is essentially a composite of the two parent feeds ( i . e . , pine and algae ) with a lower relative abundance of ox species and a higher relative abundance of nitrogen - containing species than the pine htl biocrude . alternatively , the biocrude blends have a lower relative abundance of nitrogen - containing species where n > 2 than the algal htl biocrude . the 75 : 25 pine : algal htl biocrude has more elemental formulae in common with the pine htl biocrude than the 50 : 50 blend ; however , both blends have more elemental formulae in common with the algal htl biocrude . interestingly , > 20 % of the elemental formulae assigned to monoisotopic peaks within the 75 : 25 and 50 : 50 biocrude blends are species not present in either the pine or algal htl biocrudes . the highest relative abundance of these new species belong to the n2o4 - 6 classes , which correspond to heteroatom classes with a moderate number of nitrogen atoms and higher number of oxygen atoms per molecules than the species within the pure algal htl biocrude . compositionally , the novel species have the same structural motif but are of higher dbe and carbon numbers than the species within the algal htl biocrude . these original species are most likely generated from reactions between molecules from both feeds , which results in compounds wotj higher oxygen content than typically seen in the algal htl biocrude but also higher nitrogen contents than observed in the pine htl biocrude .
smith , donald f . ; schulz , carl ; konijnenburg , marco ; kilic , mehmet ; heeren , ronald m .
) mass spectrometry imaging enables the spatial mapping and identification of biomolecules from complex surfaces . the need for long time - domain transients , and thus large raw file sizes , results in a large amount of raw data ( âbig dataâ ) that must be processed efficiently and rapidly . this can be compounded by largearea imaging and / or high spatial resolution imaging . for
, data processing and data reduction must not compromise the high mass resolution afforded by the mass spectrometer . the continuous mode âmosaic datacubeâ approach allows high mass resolution visualization ( 0 . 001 da ) of mass spectrometry imaging data , but requires additional processing as compared to featurebased processing . we describe the use of distributed computing for processing of
ms imaging datasets with generation of continuous mode mosaic datacubes for high mass resolution visualization . an eight - fold improvement in processing time is demonstrated using a dutch nationally available cloud service .
full text available highly - ionized atoms with special properties have been proposed for interesting applications , including potential candidates for a new generation of optical atomic clocks at the one part in 1019 level of precision , quantum information processing and tests of fundamental theory . the proposed atomic systems are largely unexplored . recent developments at nist are described , including the isolation of highly - ionized atoms at low energy in unitary
for the precise measurement of radiative decay lifetimes ( demonstrated with a forbidden transition in kr17 + , as well as for studying electron capture processes .
itteera , janvin ; singh , kumud ; teotia , vikas ; ukarde , priti ; malhotra , sanjay ; taly , y . k . ; joshi , manoj ; rao , pushpa
) facility is being developed at barc for spectroscopy studies . this requires the design of an iron core electromagnet capable of generating high magnetic fields ( â¼1 . 7t ) at the centre of an 88 mm long air gap . this electromagnet provides the requisite dipole magnetic field which when superimposed on the electrostatic quadrupoles ensures a stable
zone ) . various pole shoe profiles were studied and modelled , fem simulation of the same were conducted to compute the magnetic field intensity and field uniformity . owing to the large air gap and requirement of high field intensity in the gfr , the exciting coils need to handle high current densities , which require water cooled systems . double pan - cake coil design is selected for powering the magnet . electrical , thermal and hydraulic designs of the coils are completed and a prototype double pancake coil was fabricated and tested for verifying the electrical and thermal parameter . the spatial field homogeneity is achieved by shimming the pole tip . temporal stability of magnet requires a highly stable power supply for exciting the coils and its stability class is derived from fem simulations . this paper discusses the electromagnetic design and development of the
ms ) is unsurpassed in its ability to characterize complex mixtures at the level of elemental composition assignment . only
mass spectrometry can routinely achieve the required minimum resolving power necessary to elucidate molecular - level characterization of crude oil . conversely , the spectral complexity of petroleum facilitates identification of systematic errors in the accumulation , transfer , excitation , and detection
system has been installed and commissioned at the maier - leibnitz - laboratory ( mll ) in garching . this
system has been designed to isobarically purify low - energy ion beams and perform highly accurate mass measurements . technical details of the device and the first results of the commissioning measurements will be presented . the mass resolving power achieved in the first
for 85 rb ions is r = 139 ( 2 ) x10 3 , while a relative mass uncertainty of î´m / m = 2 . 9x10 - 8 was reached with the second
( no analysis of systematic uncertainties included ) when using 87 rb as a reference ion for 85 rb .
kolhinen , v . s . [ fakultaet fuer physik , lmu muenchen and maier - leibnitz laboratory , am coulombwall 1 , 85748 garching ( germany ) ] , e - mail : veli . kolhinen @ physik . uni - muenchen . de ; bussmann , m . [ fakultaet fuer physik , lmu muenchen and maier - leibnitz laboratory , am coulombwall 1 , 85748 garching ( germany ) ; forschungszentrum dresden - rossendorf , 01314 dresden ( germany ) ; gartzke , e . ; habs , d . ; neumayr , j . b . ; schuermann , c . ; szerypo , j . ; thirolf , p . g . [ fakultaet fuer physik , lmu muenchen and maier - leibnitz laboratory , am coulombwall 1 , 85748 garching ( germany )
for { sup 85 } rb ions is r = 139 ( 2 ) x10 { sup 3 } , while a relative mass uncertainty of { delta } m / m = 2 . 9x10 { sup - 8 } was reached with the second
( no analysis of systematic uncertainties included ) when using { sup 87 } rb as a reference ion for { sup 85 } rb .
system used by base . the experiment receives antiprotons from cern ' s ad ; negative hydrogen ions are formed during injection into the apparatus . the set - up works with only a pair of particles at a time , while a cloud of a few hundred others are held in the reservoir
, while the negative hydyrogen ion is in held by the downstream park electrode . when the antiproton has been measured , it is moved to the upstream park electrode and the hydrogen ion is brought in to the measurement
. this is repeated thousands of times , enabling a high - precision comparison of the charge - to - mass ratios of the two particles .
there is an increasing interest in the comprehensive study of heavy fuel oil ( hfo ) due to its growing use in furnaces , boilers , marines , and recently in gas turbines . in this work , the thermal combustion characteristics and chemical composition of hfo were investigated using a range of techniques . thermogravimetric analysis ( tga ) was conducted to study the nonisothermal hfo combustion behavior . chemical characterization of hfo was accomplished using various standard methods in addition to direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ( apci - fticr ms ) , high resolution 1h nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) , 13c nmr , and two - dimensional heteronuclear multiple bond correlation ( hmbc ) spectroscopy . by analyzing thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry ( tg / dtg ) results , three different reaction regions were identified in the combustion of hfo with air , specifically , low temperature oxidation region ( lto ) , fuel deposition ( fd ) , and high temperature oxidation ( hto ) region . at the high end of the lto region , a mass transfer resistance ( skin effect ) was evident . kinetic analysis in lto and hto regions was conducted using two different kinetic models to calculate the apparent activation energy . in both models , hto activation energies are higher than those for lto . the
ms technique resolved thousands of aromatic and sulfur containing compounds in the hfo sample and provided compositional details for individual molecules of three major class species . the major classes of compounds included species with one sulfur atom ( s1 ) , with two sulfur atoms ( s2 ) , and purely hydrocarbons ( hc ) . the dbe ( double bond equivalent ) abundance plots established for s1 and hc provided additional information on their distributions in the hfo sample . the 1h nmr and 13c nmr results revealed that nearly 59 % of the 1h nuclei were distributed as paraffinic ch2 and 5 % were in aromatic groups . nearly 21 % of 13c nuclei were
as a high purity source of low - charge - state ions is studied . for the configuration considered , a relatively dense ion plasma is confined by a three - dimensional electric potential well . the three - dimensional well is produced by the electric field generated by both the
electron plasma . the ion and electron plasmas are each considered to have maxwellian velocity distributions . however , it is shown that the electron plasma must have a temperature that is higher than that of the ion plasma when the ions have low charge states . the work reported includes a self - consistent prediction of a possible plasma equilibrium
- ms ) , equipped with an esi source and a 7 t supra - conducting magnet ( ltq - ft ultra , thermofisher scientific ) . this technique is the key technique for complex natural systems attributed by their outstanding mass resolution ( used 400 . 000 at m / z 400 da ) and mass accuracy ( â¤ 1ppm ) by simultaneously providing molecular level details of thousands of compounds and was successful applied for the investigations of natural organic matter ( nom ) different sources like marine and surface water , soil , sediment , bog and crude oil
ordonez , c . a . ; dolliver , d . d . ; chang yongbin ; correa , j . r .
and a magnetic well . the work reported consists of a review , an extension , and applications of the relevant knowledge base . a nested
produces a magnetic field , which provides plasma confinement perpendicular to the magnetic field , and an electric field associated with a nested - well potential profile . the nested - well potential profile provides plasma confinement parallel to the magnetic field for oppositely signed plasma species that can have overlapping confinement regions . a configuration is considered in which the electric field is applied in two regions of uniform magnetic field that reside on opposite sides of a magnetic well region . the electric field confines overlapping positron and antiproton plasmas , which thread the magnetic well region . the magnetic well region would serve to
a fraction of any antihydrogen atoms that are formed . two different methods are considered for achieving overlap of positron and antiproton plasmas . for each , a set of conditions is predicted for achieving antihydrogen recombination and
, much of the information presented is also relevant to the prospect of merging other pairs of oppositely signed plasmas ( e . g . , electron and positron plasmas )
neutral antimatter in the form of antihydrogen for scientific study . one method that is being developed for
serves to mix positrons and antiprotons so as to produce low energy antihydrogen atoms . mixing is achieved when the confinement volumes of the two species overlap one another . in the work presented here , a theoretical understanding of the mixing process is developed by analyzing a mixing scheme that was recently reported [ g . gabrielse et al . , phys . rev . lett . 100 , 113001 ( 2008 ) ] . the results indicate that positron space charge or collisions among antiprotons may substantially reduce the fraction of antiprotons that have an energy suitable for antihydrogen
has been observed and identified using a recent theoretical model . the detection of these modes is accomplished using electronic techniques which could apply to any ion species . the modes are observed in the low - density , low - rotation limit of the cloud where the cloud approaches a two - dimensional charged disk . we observe both axially symmetric and asymmetric drumhead modes . the shape , rotation frequency , and density of the cloud are found in a real - time nondestructive manner by measuring the frequency of these modes . in addition , it is found that radio - frequency sideband cooling compresses the cloud , increasing its density . the ability to measure and control the density of a
has gained increasing importance after the installation of several new on - line facilities at accelerator labs . these setups combine unique production possibilities for rare isotopes with elaborate ion - capture and manipulation techniques . since the final commissioning of the jyfltrap setup at the igisol facility in jyvaeskylae , the masses of more than 200 short - lived nuclides have been measured . their knowledge applies to studies on nuclear structure , the modeling of nucleosynthesis processes , tests of the conserved vector current ( cvc ) hypothesis and the unitarity of the ckm matrix , and furthermore , can help to assist in ongoing searches of neutrinoless double - beta decays . this presentation focuses on recent highlights studied at jyfltrap .
this work is the completion of the installation of the witch set - up and the first tests and commissioning of it . the first goal of the witch experiment is to improve the present limit on a scalar interaction in nuclear $ \ \ beta $ - decay by determining the $ \ \ beta $ - neutrino angular correlation parameter $ a $ via a precise measurement of the shape of the energy spectrum of the recoil ions . the development of the witch set - up and its installation at isolde ( cern ) were recently completed . the principle of witch is based on a combination of a
. extensive computer simulations show that for a reasonable measurement time a precision on the $ a $ - parameter of 0 . 5 % can be achieved . this corresponds to an upper limit for the scalar interaction constant cs / cv < 9 % at 95 % c . l . designing and constructing a set - up as large and complex as the witch set - up takes time , several y . . .
electrospray ionization ( esi ) of uranyl nitrate solutions generates a wide variety of positively and negatively charged ions , including complex adducts of uranyl ions with methoxy , hydroxy , and nitrate ligands . in the positive ion mode , ions detected by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (
time . positive ions correspond to oligomeric uranyl nitrate species that can be characterized as having a general formula of [ ( uo ( 2 ) ) ( n ) ( a ) ( m ) ( ch ( 3 ) oh ) ( s ) ] ( + ) or [ ( uo ( 2 ) ) ( n ) ( o ) ( a ) ( m ) ( ch ( 3 ) oh ) ( s ) ] ( + ) with n = 1 - 4 , m = 1 - 7 , s = 0 or 1 , and a = oh , no ( 3 ) , ch ( 3 ) o or a combination of these , although the formation of no ( 3 ) - containing species is preferred . in the negative ion mode , complexes of the form [ ( uo ( 2 ) ) ( no ( 3 ) ) ( m ) ] ( - ) ( m = 1 - 3 ) are detected , although the formation of the oxo - containing ions [ ( uo ( 2 ) ) ( o ) ( n ) ( no ( 3 ) ) ( m ) ] ( - ) ( n = 1 - 2 , m = 1 - 2 ) and the hydroxy - containing ions [ ( uo ( 2 ) ) ( oh ) ( n ) ( no ( 3 ) ) ( m ) ] ( - ) ( n = 1 - 2 , m = 0 - 1 ) are also observed . the extent of coordinative unsaturation of both positive and negative ions can be determined by ligand association / exchange and h / d exchange experiments using d ( 2 ) o and cd ( 3 ) od as neutral reaction partners in the gas - phase . positive ions are of varying stability and reactivity and may fragment extensively upon collision with d ( 2 ) o , cd ( 3 ) od and n ( 2 ) in sustained off - resonance irradiation / collision - induced dissociation ( sori - cid ) experiments . electron - transfer reactions , presumably occurring during electrospray ionization but also in sori - cid , can result in reduction of u ( vi ) to u ( v ) and perhaps even u ( iv ) .
the success of many measurements in analytical mass spectrometry as well as in precision mass determinations for atomic and nuclear physics is handicapped when the ion sources deliver ` ` contaminations ' ' , i . e . , unwanted ions of masses similar to those of the ions of interest . in particular , in ion -
devices , large amounts of contaminant ions result in significant systematic errors - if the measurements are possible at all . we present a solution for such cases : the ions from a quasi - continuous source are bunched in a linear radio - frequency - quadrupole ion
for a stacking of mass - selected ion bunches . proof - of - principle demonstrations have been performed with the isoltrap setup at isolde / cern , both with cs - 133 ( + ) ions from an off - line ion source and by applicati . . .
krã¡snã½ , lukã¡å¡ ; hoffmann , f . ; ernst , g . ; trede , d . ; alexandrov , t . ; havlãäek , vladimãr ; guntinas - lichius , o . ; von eggeling , f . ; crecelius , a . c .
subject riv : ce - biochemistry impact factor : 3 . 031 , year : 2015
full text available abstract reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ( hplc interfaced to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ( ms / ms is commonly used for the identification of peptides from proteolytically cleaved proteins embedded in a polyacrylamide gel matrix as well as for metabolomics screening . hplc separations are time consuming ( 30 - 60 min average , costly ( columns and mobile phase reagents , and carry the risk of column carry over between samples . the use of a chip - based nano - esi platform ( advion nanomate based on replaceable nano - tips for sample introduction eliminates sample cross - contamination , provides unchanging sample matrix , and enhances spray stability with attendant increases in reproducibility . recent papers have established direct infusion nano - esi - ms / ms utilizing the nanomate for protein identification of gel spots based on full range ms scans with data dependent ms / ms . in a full range scan , discontinuous ion suppression due to sample matrix can impair identification of putative mass features of interest in both the proteomic and metabolomic workflows . in the current study , an extension of an established direct inject nano - esi - ms / ms method is described that utilizes the mass filtering capability of an ion -


dendropoma corallinaceus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family vermetidae , the worm snails or worm shells .

it is a colonial species and forms aggregations on the lower shore near low-water mark .

it is native to south africa .

dendropoma corallinaceum

vermetidae » dendropoma corallinaceum , id : 135477 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
species dendropoma annulatus auct . accepted as dendropoma corrodens ( d ' orbigny , 1841 ) ( misidentification )
species dendropoma gregaria [ sic ] accepted as dendropoma gregarium hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 ( incorrect gender ending )
species dendropoma psarocephala [ sic ] accepted as dendropoma psarocephalum hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 ( incorrect gender ending )
species dendropoma rhyssoconcha [ sic ] accepted as dendropoma rhyssoconchum hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 ( incorrect gender ending )
species dendropoma krypta [ sic ] accepted as dendropoma kryptum s . m . gardner , 1989 accepted as cupolaconcha krypta ( s . m . gardner , 1989 ) ( incorrect gender ending )
species dendropoma meroclista [ sic ] accepted as dendropoma meroclistum hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 accepted as cupolaconcha meroclista ( hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 ) ( incorrect gender ending )
reproductive biology of vermetus sp . and dendropoma corrodens ( orbigny , 1842 ) : two vermetid gastropods from the southern caribbean
species dendropoma kryptum s . m . gardner , 1989 accepted as cupolaconcha krypta ( s . m . gardner , 1989 )
species dendropoma maximum ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) accepted as ceraesignum maximum ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 )
percentage of females of dendropoma maximum in each size class that contained egg capsules . data were pooled over sites and months ( n = 18–48 in each size class ) .
dendropoma maximum larva with velar lobes extended ( a ) and showing the protoconch with what may be yolk stores visible ( b ) . scale bars = 0 . 5 mm .
species dendropoma meroclistum hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 accepted as cupolaconcha meroclista ( hadfield & kay in hadfield et al . , 1972 ) ( original combination )
calvo m . , templado j . & penchaszadeh p . e . ( 1998 ) . reproductive biology of the gregarious mediterranean vermetid gastropod dendropoma petraeum . journal of the marine biological association of the united kingdom 78 : 525 - 549 [ details ]
nicole e . phillips , jeffrey s . shima ; reproduction of the vermetid gastropod dendropoma maximum ( sowerby , 1825 ) in moorea , french polynesia , journal of molluscan studies , volume 76 , issue 2 , 1 may 2010 , pages 133–137 , urltoken
phillips , nicole e . and shima , jeffrey s . 2010 . reproduction of the vermetid gastropod dendropoma maximum ( sowerby , 1825 ) in moorea , french polynesia . journal of molluscan studies , vol . 76 , issue . 2 , p . 133 .
usvyatsov , sima and galil , bella s . 2011 . comparison of reproductive characteristics among populations of dendropoma petraeum - complex ( mollusca : caenogastropoda ) , an endemic mediterranean reef - building vermetid . journal of the marine biological association of the united kingdom , p . 1 .
miloslavich , patricia klein , eduardo and penchaszadeh , pablo 2010 . gametogenic cycle of the tropical vermetids eualetes tulipa and dendropoma corrodens ( mollusca : caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) . journal of the marine biological association of the united kingdom , vol . 90 , issue . 03 , p . 509 .
la marca , emanuela claudia catania , valentina quatrini , paola milazzo , marco and chemello , renato 2018 . settlement performance of the mediterranean reef - builders dendropoma cristatum ( biondi 1859 ) in response to natural bacterial films . marine environmental research , vol . 137 , issue . , p . 149 .
calvo , marta alda , fernando oliverio , marco templado , josé and machordom , annie 2015 . surviving the messinian salinity crisis ? divergence patterns in the genus dendropoma ( gastropoda : vermetidae ) in the mediterranean sea . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , vol . 91 , issue . , p . 17 .
vizzini , salvatrice colombo , francesca costa , valentina and mazzola , antonio 2012 . contribution of planktonic and benthic food sources to the diet of the reef - forming vermetid gastropod dendropoma petraeum in the western mediterranean . estuarine , coastal and shelf science , vol . 96 , issue . , p . 262 .
calvo , marta templado , josé oliverio , marco and machordom , annie 2009 . hidden mediterranean biodiversity : molecular evidence for a cryptic species complex within the reef building vermetid gastropod dendropoma petraeum ( mollusca : caenogastropoda ) . biological journal of the linnean society , vol . 96 , issue . 4 , p . 898 .
spotorno - oliveira , paula figueiredo , marcia a . o . and tâmega , frederico t . s . 2015 . coralline algae enhance the settlement of the vermetid gastropod dendropoma irregulare ( d ' orbigny , 1842 ) in the southwestern atlantic . journal of experimental marine biology and ecology , vol . 471 , issue . , p . 137 .
strong relationships between ( a ) body length and ( b ) shell aperture diameter and body weight of dendropoma maximum . note the log scales of the axes . data were pooled across sexes and sites and , for a only , months . data in b were only collected in april . for a n = 337 , for b n = 110 .
golding , r . e . ; bieler , r . ; rawlings , t . a . ; collins 2014 , t . m . ( 2014 ) . deconstructing dendropoma : a systematic revision of a world - wide worm - snail group with descriptions of new genera ( caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) . malacologia . 57 ( 1 ) : 1 - 97 . page ( s ) : 17 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
individual dendropoma maximum were haphazardly collected from seven sites within the lagoon on the northeast shore of moorea , french polynesia ( 149°50′w , 17°30′s ) . several vermetid species , including d . maximum , are common within this lagoon ( n . e . p . , j . s . s . & c . w . osenberg , unpubl . ) . surveyed sites ranged from c . 1 . 5 to 2 . 5 m in depth . sampling occurred in april and september 2008 ( n = 6–28 individuals per site in april , n = 27–49 in september ) . dendropoma maximum were collected from different patch reefs across each site , and sampling targeted a representative range of sizes within each site . however , the largest individuals at a site were rarely collected because they were often embedded deep within the middle of a head of the large coral porites sp . or were otherwise inaccessible .
a positive linear relationship between body weight of female dendropoma maximum and the number of egg capsules she was brooding ( n = 84 ) ( a ) , capsule size for mid - to late - stage embryos ( n = 35 ) ( b ) and number of embryos per capsule ( n = 44 ) ( c ) ; whereas capsule size had a positive relationship with number of embryos per capsule ( n = 41 ) ( d ) .
( of veristoa iredale , 1937 ) golding , r . e . ; bieler , r . ; rawlings , t . a . ; collins 2014 , t . m . ( 2014 ) . deconstructing dendropoma : a systematic revision of a world - wide worm - snail group with descriptions of new genera ( caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) . malacologia . 57 ( 1 ) : 1 - 97 . page ( s ) : 17 , 42 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
there was a strong linear relationship between log length and log body weight of dendropoma maximum ( y = 2 . 3698 x − 3 . 6506 , r 2 = 0 . 89 , p < 0 . 0001 ; fig . 1 a ) . there was no difference between males and females ( effect of sex : f ( 1 , 333 ) = 0 . 0195 , p = 0 . 889 ) and the relationship with length did not vary with sex ( interaction between sex and log length : f ( 1 , 333 ) = 0 . 008 , p = 0 . 930 ) . log shell aperture diameter predicted 75 % of variation in log body weight ( y = 2 . 9802 x − 2 . 9199 , p < 0 . 0001 ; fig . 1 b ) . this relationship was not dependent on sex ( effect of sex : f ( 1 , 106 ) = 0 . 001 , p = 0 . 973 ; interaction of between sex and log shell diameter : f ( 1 , 106 ) = 0 . 285 , p = 0 . 594 ) .
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
enter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .
e - mail jecilia sisican if you do not receive your email with your username and password .
south africa . jeffrey ' s bay , cape . washed ashore during rough seas . ex - coll . d . & m . meyer . 1980 .
© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 001 seconds . )
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
this website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website . by clicking or navigating the site , you agree to allow our collection of information through cookies . more info
we transform the world with culture ! we want to build on europe’s rich heritage and make it easier for people to use , whether for work , for learning or just for fun .
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .
here we report a study of d . maximum in moorea , french polynesia , where it is common and abundant ( augustin , richard & salvat 1999 ; j . s . s . & c . w . osenberg , unpubl . ) . our aims are ( 1 ) to derive relationships among morphological traits ( length , weight and shell aperture diameter ) ; ( 2 ) to investigate brooding and fecundity ( numbers of egg capsules and embryos per capsule ) ; and ( 3 ) to determine if females release planktonic larvae or crawl - away juveniles .
we examined how sex and log body length influenced the dependent variable log body weight of d . maximum using ancova . because we were most interested in overall morphological relationships and how these varied among sexes , we pooled data across sites and sample dates for these analyses . we conducted a similar ancova using log shell aperture diameter as the covariate and sex as a fixed factor ; these data were only collected in april so we pooled across sites .
using a generalized linear model , we conducted a logistic regression with binomial errors , and a logit link function to examine the frequency of brooding as a function of female weight , a continuous variable . we examined the fit of the logistic curve to the data using graphical tests ( crawley , 2007 ) , and found this model to be a good fit to the data .
we used regression analyses to examine the relationship between female body weight and number of capsules per female , number of embryos per capsule and capsule size , as well as between capsule size and number of embryos per capsule .
the sex ratio became increasingly dominated by females with increasing body size . only 34 % of small animals ( < 2 g body weight ) were female , but 63 % of medium - sized animals ( 2–4 g ) were female , and 75 % of the large animals sampled ( > 4 g ) . in addition , no males were found over 7 . 1 g in body weight , but we sampled 11 females with body weights 7 . 1–17 . 9 g .
brooding frequency was dependent on female body weight ( p = 0 . 0004 ) . the minimum size for brooding was c . 1 g . approximately 40 % of small females ( 1–2 g ) were likely to be brooding , whereas 60–80 % of medium to large females ( > 2 g ) were likely to be brooding ( fig . 2 ) .
the number of capsules per female ranged from 1 to 58 . female body weight was the only significant factor in a model examining number of capsules per female ( f ( 1 , 77 ) = 10 . 43 , p = 0 . 002 ) . neither month nor the interaction in the model was significant ( p > 0 . 29 in both cases ) . although bigger females tended to have more egg capsules , the relationship was relatively weak ( y = 1 . 4092 x + 10 . 345 , r 2 = 0 . 10 , p = 0 . 004 ; fig . 3 a ) .
similar to those described by hughes & lewis ( 1974 ) , capsules were ovoid and attached to the inner wall of the tube by a short stalk ( mean stalk length = 0 . 486 mm , sd = 0 . 154 mm , n = 10 ) in multiple rows . it was common for females to brood egg capsules at different stages of development simultaneously , and capsule size varied with stage of development ( f ( 2 , 324 ) = 34 . 798 , p < 0 . 0001 , n = 327 ) . capsules with embryos at earliest stages of development ( mean length = 3 . 05 mm , sd = 0 . 60 mm , n = 244 ) were smaller than those with mid - ( mean length = 3 . 93 mm , sd = 1 . 40 mm , n = 40 ) to late - stage larvae ( mean length = 4 . 08 mm , sd = 1 . 57 mm , n = 43 ) ( tukey hsd , p < 0 . 0001 ) . capsules appeared to swell over time and take up fluid . for capsules with mid - to late - stage veligers , there were significant , positive , linear relationships between female size and capsule size ( y = 0 . 4854 x + 2 . 5113 , r 2 = 0 . 47 , p < 0 . 0001 ; fig . 3 b ) and number of embryos per capsule ( y = 36 . 819 x + 115 . 06 , r 2 = 0 . 49 , p < 0 . 0001 ; fig . 3 c ) . additionally , larger capsules housed larger numbers of embryos ( y = 59 . 275 x − 9 . 1007 , r 2 = 0 . 69 ; fig . 3 d ) . overall , the number of embryos per capsule ranged from 73 to 571 .
a maximum of 58 capsules was found in a single d . maximum female . this is a much greater number than for other species in this genus , in which a maximum of 15 capsules per female has been reported ( miloslavich & penchaszadeh , 1992 : table 3 ) . the exception is d . petraeum from spain , where females brooded a large number of capsules ( up to 86 , with a mean of 25 ) , but in that case each capsule only contained a single embryo ( calvo et al . , 1998 ) . in the red sea hughes & lewis ( 1974 ) were able to extract a single female d . maximum ( opercular diameter 15 . 5 mm ) with 11 egg capsules . these capsules were on average 6 mm long ( sample size of 3 ) and contained roughly 335 embryos per capsule . these values for capsule size , number and numbers of embryos per capsule are consistent with our results for similar sized , relatively large , females ( equivalent weight of c . 7 g ) .
the reproductive biology of the california vermetid gastropods serpulorbis squamigeros ( carpenter , 1857 ) and petaloconchus monteryensis dall , 1919 .
reproductive cycle and maternal effects on offspring size and number in the neogastropod buccinum undatum ( l . )
oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide
for full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en
urltoken
152 , 260 species and infraspecific names are in the database , 20 , 704 images , 58 , 813 bibliographic items , 390 , 023 distributional records .
please note that there have been many changes within algaebase - there will be a number of links that may have changed .
site © 1996 - 2018 m . d . guiry . all rights reserved .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
abbot rt ( 1974 ) american seashells . van nostrand reinhold company , new york , pp 99–100
allendorf fw , luikart g ( 2007 ) conservation and the genetics of populations . blackwell , usa
azzopardi l , schembri pj ( 1997 ) vermetid crusts from the maltese islands ( central mediterranean ) . mar life 7 : 7–16
bieler r ( 1989 ) marine “wormsnails” : a phylogenetic approach . [ abstract ] . 10th international malacological congress , tübingen , p 26
bieler r ( 1995 ) vermetid gastropods from sao miguel , azores : comparative anatomy , systematic position and biogeographic affiliation . açoreana supplement : 173–192
bieler r ( 1996 ) mörch’s worm - snail taxa ( caenogastropoda : vermetidae , siliquariidae , turritellidae ) . am malacol bull 13 : 23–35
bohonak aj ( 1999 ) dispersal , gene flow , and population structure . qart rev biol 74 ( 1 ) : 21–45
burton rs , feldman mw ( 1982 ) population genetics of coastal and estuarine invertebrates : does larval behavior influence population structure ? in : kennedy vs ( ed ) estuarine comparisons . academic , new york , pp 537–551
byers je , pringle jm ( 2006 ) going against the flow : retention , range limits and invasion in advective environments . mar ecol prog ser 313 : 27–41
calvo m , templado j ( 2005 ) spermatophores of three mediterranean species of vermetid gastropods ( caenogastropoda ) . j moll stud 71 : 301–303
carlton jt ( 2000 ) global change and biological invasions in the oceans . in : moonaey ha , hobbs rj ( eds ) invasive species in a changing world . island , washington dc , pp 31–53
carvahlo rios e ( 1994 ) seashells of brazil , 2nd edn . editora de furg , rio grande , rio de janeiro , p 225
costello mj , stocks k , zhang y , grassle jf , fautin dg ( 2007 ) about the ocean biogeographic ma . information system . retrieved on 2009
davis ma , grime jp , thompson k ( 2000 ) fluctuating resources in plant communities : a general theory of invisibility . j ecol 88 : 528–534
ekdale aa ( 1974 ) marine mollusks from shallow - water environments ( 0 to 60 meters ) off the northeast yucatan coast , mexico . bull mar sci 24 : 638–668
elgar ma ( 1990 ) evolutionary compromise between a few large and many small eggs : comparative evidence in teleost fish . oikos 59 : 283–287
faucci a , hadfield mg ( 2003 ) influence of larval mode on dispersal and genetic population structure of hawaiian vermetids ( vermetidae : gastropoda ) . annual meeting of the society for integrative and comparative biology , san diego 43 ( 6 ) : 936
faucci a , toonen rj , hadfield mg ( 2007 ) phylogeography and population connectivity of vermetid gastropods in the hawaiian island . third international biogeography society conference , tenerife
flores - rodriguez p , flores - garza r , garcía ibáñez s , valdez - gonzáles a ( 2007 ) variation in the diversity of mollusks from the rocky intertidal of playa troncones , la unión , guerrero , mexico . revista mexicana de biodiversidad 78 : 335–405
folmer o , black m , hoeh w , lutz r , vrijenhoek r ( 1994 ) dna primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates . mol mar biol biotechnol 3 : 294–299
gilg mr , hilbish tj ( 2003 ) the geography of marine larval dispersal : coupling genetics with fine - scale physical oceanography . ecology 84 : 2989–2998
, a new pliocene subspecies of vermetid gastropods lacking its defining generic character , with comments on vermetid systematics in general . j paleontol 68 : 1025–1036
grantham ba , eckert gl , shanks al ( 2003 ) dispersal potential of marine invertebrates in diverse habitat . ecol appl 13 : s108–s116
grosberg rk , cunningham cw ( 2001 ) genetic structure in the sea : from populations to communities . in : bertness md , gaines s , hay me ( eds ) marine community ecology . sinauer associates , sunderland , pp 61–84
haase m , misof b , wirth t , baminger h , baur b ( 2003 ) mitochondrial differentiation in a polymorphic land snail : evidence for pleistocene survival within the boundaries of permafrost . j evol biol 16 : 415–428
hadfield mg ( 1989 ) latitudinal effects on juvenile size and fecundity in petaloconchus ( gastropoda ) . bull mar sci 45 ( 2 ) : 369–375
hadfield mg , iaea dk ( 1989 ) velum of encapsulated veligers of petaloconchus ( gastropoda ) , and the problem of re - evolution of planktotrophic larvae . bull mar sci 45 : 377–386
hadfield mg , kay ea , gillete mu , lloyd mc ( 1972 ) the vermetidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of the hawaiian islands . mar biol 12 : 81–98
and its relevance to the systematic position of the vermetidae . j moll stud 54 : 295–308
huelsenbeck jp ( 2000 ) mrbayes : bayesian inference of phylogeny . university of rochester , department of biology , rochester
huelsenbeck jp , ronquist f ( 2001 ) mrbayes : bayesian inference of phylogeny . bioinformatics 17 : 754–755
hughes rn ( 1983 ) the vermetid gastropod of hong kong . in : morton je ( ed ) proceedings of the second international workshop on the malacofauna of hong kong and southern china , hong kong , pp 127–138
hughes rn ( 1993 ) the vermetid gastropods of rottnest island , western australia . in : wells fe , walker di , kirkman h , lethbridge r ( eds ) the marine flora and fauna of rottnest island , western australia , vol 1 . western australia museum , perth , pp 193–205
hulbert sh ( 1984 ) pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments . ecol monogr 54 : 187–211
, an indo - pacific vetigastropod with limited dispersal capacity . mol ecology 16 : 289–304
jablonski d , lutz rl ( 1983 ) larval ecology of marine benthic invertebrates : paleo - biological implications . biol rev 58 : 21–89
jones b , hunter ig ( 1995 ) vermetid buildups from grand cayman , british west indies . j coast res 11 ( 4 ) : 973–983
keen am ( 1961 ) a proposed reclassification of the gastropod family vermetidae . bull brit mus ( nat hist zool ) 7 : 183–214 pls . 54–55
lockwood jl , hoopes mf , marchetti mp ( 2008 ) invasion ecology . blackwell publishing , usa
losada f , martín a , feragotto w , alamo c ( 1988 ) interacciones biológicas en el canal de toma de la planta termoeléctrica del centro punta morón , venezuela . ecotropicos 1 : 55–70
lydeard c , holznagel we , glaubrecht m , ponder wf ( 2002 ) molecular phylogeny of a circum - global , diverse gastropod superfamily ( cerithioidea : mollusca : caenogastropoda ) : pushing the deepest phylogenetic limits of mitochondrial lsu rdna sequences . mol phylogenet evol 22 : 399–406
machordom a , araujo r , erpenbeck d , ramos ma ( 2003 ) phylogeography and conservation genetics of endangered european margaritiferidae ( bivalvia : unionidae ) . biol j linn soc 78 : 235–252
miller kj , ayre dj ( 2008 ) population structure is not a simple function of reproductive mode and larval type : insights from tropical corals . j anim ecol 77 : 713–724
, dos especies pertenecientes a la familia vermetidae . bachelor dissertation , simón bolívar university
miloslavich pa ( 1996 ) nurse egg feeding prosobranchs : a comparative biochemical and electrophoretic analysis of eggs and hatchlings . am malacol bull 13 : 37–46
miloslavich pa ( 2002 ) balance de proteínas en los embriones de caenogasterópodos durante su desarrollo intracapsular . v congreso latinoamericano de malacología , sao paulo , brazil , p 28
( orbigny , 1842 ) : two vermetid gastropods from the southern caribbean . veliger 35 : 78–88
reeve , 1859 ( caenogastropoda ) from morrocoy and la restinga lagoon , venezuela . naut 117 : 121–134
( mollusca : caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) . j mar biol ass uk ( in press )
molnar jl , gamboa rl , revenga c , spalding md ( 2008 ) assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity . front ecol environ 6 : 485–492
morton je ( 1965 ) form and function in the evolution of the vermetidae . bull brit mus ( nat hist ) 11 : 585–630
( prosobranchia , vermetidae ) . sci rep tokyo kyoiku daigaku ( sec . b ) 14 ( 208 ) : 69–78
olsson aa , harbison a ( 1953 ) pliocene mollusca of southern florida , with special reference to those from north saint petersburg . mon acad nat sci phil 8 : vii + 459 , 65 pls
olsson aa , mcginty tl ( 1958 ) recent marine mullusks from the caribbean coast of panama with the description of some new genera and species . bull am paleont 39 ( 327 )
palumbi sr ( 1995 ) using genetics as an indirect estimator of larval dispersal . in : mcedward l ( ed ) ecology of marine invertebrate larvae . crc press , new york , pp 369–387
palumbi sr ( 1996a ) nucleic acids ii : the polymerase chain reaction . in : molecular systematics . hillis dm , moritz c , mable bk ( eds ) sinauer associates , sunderland , pp 205–248
palumbi sr ( 1996b ) macrospatial genetic structure and speciation in marine taxa with high dispersal abilities . in : ferraris jd , palumbi sr ( eds ) molecular zoology : advances , strategies and protocols . wiley - liss john wiley & sons , inc , usa , pp 101–117
ponder wf , lindberg dr ( 1997 ) towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs : an analysis using morphological characters . zool j linn soc 9 : 83–265
posada d , crandall ka ( 1998 ) modeltest : testing the model of dna substitution . bioinf 1 : 817–818
r development core team ( 2008 ) r : a language and environment for statistical computing . r foundation for statistical computing vienna , austria , isbn 3 - 90005107 - 0 .
radwin ge ( 1969 ) a recent molluscan fauna from the caribbean coast of southeastern panamá . trans san diego soc nat hist 15 ( 14 ) : 229–236
rawlings ta , collins tm , bieler r ( 2001 ) major mitochondrial gene rearrangement among closely related species . mol biol evol 18 : 1604–1609
rosenberg g ( 2005 ) malacolog 4 . 1 . 0 : a database of western atlantic marine mollusca . www database ( version 4 . 1 . 0 ) . available via dialog .
roughgarden j ( 1996 ) theory of population genetics and evolutionary ecology : an introduction . prentice hall , usa
schiaparelli s ( 1995 ) contribution to the knowledge of vermetidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) from the ligurian sea . boll malacolog 31 : 267–276
schiaparelli s , cattaneo - vietti r ( 1999 ) functional morphology of vermetid feeding - tubes . lethaia 32 : 41–46
schiaparelli s , métivier b ( 2000 ) on the identity of “vermetus” roussaei vaillant , 1871 ( mollusca , caenogastropoda , vermetidae ) , with the description of a new species . zoosyst 22 ( 4 ) : 677–687
schiaparelli s , guidetti p , cattaneo - vietti r ( 2003 ) can mineralogical features affect the distribution patterns of sessile gastropods ? the vermetidae case in the mediterranean sea . j mar biol assoc uk 83 : 1267–1268
schiaparelli s , albertelli g , cattaneo - vietti r ( 2006 ) phenotypic plasticity of vermetidae suspension feeding : a potential bias in their use as biological sea - level indicators . mar ecol 27 : 44–53
statsoft inc ( 2003 ) statistica ( data analysis software system ) . version 6 .
strathmann r ( 1974 ) the spread of sibling larvae of sedentary marine invertebrates . am nat 108 : 29–44
strathmann mf , strathmann rr ( 2006 ) a vermetid with complex intracapsular cannibalism of nurse eggs and sibling larvae and a high potential for invasion . pac sci 60 : 97–108
swofford dl ( 2003 ) paup * : phylogenetic analysis using parsimony ( * and other methods ) , version 4 beta 10 . sinauer associates , massachusetts
tello j ( 1975 ) catálogo de la fauna venezolana . viii . mollusca , arte , caracas
underwood aj , chapman mg , richards sa , sage mb ( 1997 ) gmav5 for windows . institute of marine ecology , university of sydney , sydney
warmke gl , abbot rt ( 1961 ) caribbean seashells . livingston , col narberth
warmke gc , abbot rt ( 1962 ) caribbean seashells : a guide to the marine mollusks of puerto rico and other west indian islands , bermuda and the lower florida keys . livingston , wynnewood , p 346
weir bs ( 1996 ) intraspecific differentiation . in : hillis dm , moritz c , mable bk ( eds ) molecular systematics . sinauer associates inc . publishers , usa , pp 385–406
nomenclature genus name placed on the official list in opinion 1425 ( i . c . z . n . 1987 )
nomenclature genus name placed on the official list in opinion 1425 ( i . c . z . n . 1987 ) [ details ]
( of veristoa iredale , 1937 ) iredale t . ( 1937 ) . mollusca . in : whitley , g . p . ( ed ) . middleton and elizabeth reefs , south pacific ocean . australian zoologist . 8 ( 4 ) : 232 - 261 , pls 15 - 17 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 254 [ details ]
spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
iczn . ( 1987 ) . opinion 1425 . suppressed : spiroglyphus daudin , 1800 and stoa de serres , mollusca , gastropoda ) and specific names published in combination with them . bulletin of zoological nomenclature . 44 ( 1 ) : 57 - 58 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
keen m . ( 1961 ) . a proposed reclassification of the gastropod family vermetidae . bulletin of the british museum , natural history ( zoology ) , 7 ( 3 ) : 183 - 213 , pls . 54 - 55 . [ february ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 189 [ details ]
( of veristoa iredale , 1937 ) bieler , r . ; petit , r . e . ( 2011 ) . catalogue of recent and fossil “worm - snail” taxa of the families vermetidae , siliquariidae , and turritellidae ( mollusca : caenogastropoda ) . zootaxa . 2948 , 1 - 103 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 21 [ details ]
( of siphonium gray , 1850 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1923 ) . liste préliminaire des mollusques marins de madagascar et description de deux espèces nouvelles . j . conchyliol . 68 : 21 - 74 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of siphonium gray , 1850 ) bieler , r . ; petit , r . e . ( 2011 ) . catalogue of recent and fossil “worm - snail” taxa of the families vermetidae , siliquariidae , and turritellidae ( mollusca : caenogastropoda ) . zootaxa . 2948 , 1 - 103 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 18 [ details ]
( of siphonium gray , 1850 ) keen , a . m . ( 1980 ) . siphonium , an over - used name in mollusca . the festivus , 12 ( 10 ) : 125–126 . [ details ]
( of bivonia gray , 1842 ) bernard , p . a . ( ed . ) ( 1984 ) . coquillages du gabon [ shells of gabon ] . pierre a . bernard : libreville , gabon . 140 , 75 plates pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of bivonia gray , 1842 ) bieler , r . ; petit , r . e . ( 2011 ) . catalogue of recent and fossil “worm - snail” taxa of the families vermetidae , siliquariidae , and turritellidae ( mollusca : caenogastropoda ) . zootaxa . 2948 , 1 - 103 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 13 [ details ]
we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites . close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings .
this article has been cited by the following publications . this list is generated based on data provided by crossref .
breves , andré széchy , maria teresa m . de lavrado , helena p . and junqueira , andrea o . r . 2017 . abundance of the reef - building petaloconchus varians ( gastropoda : vermetidae ) on intertidal rocky shores at ilha grande bay , southeastern brazil . anais da academia brasileira de ciências , vol . 89 , issue . 2 , p . 907 .
milazzo , marco fine , maoz la marca , emanuela claudia alessi , cinzia and chemello , renato 2017 . marine animal forests . p . 345 .
cribb , thomas h . crespo - picazo , jose l . cutmore , scott c . stacy , brian a . chapman , phoebe a . and garcía - párraga , daniel 2017 . elucidation of the first definitively identified life cycle for a marine turtle blood fluke ( trematoda : spirorchiidae ) enables informed control . international journal for parasitology , vol . 47 , issue . 1 , p . 61 .
milazzo , marco fine , maoz la marca , emanuela claudia alessi , cinzia and chemello , renato 2016 . marine animal forests . p . 1 .
fine , maoz tsadok , rami meron , dalit cohen , stephanie and milazzo , marco 2016 . environmental sensitivity ofneogoniolithon brassica - floridaassociated with vermetid reefs in the mediterranean sea . ices journal of marine science : journal du conseil , p . fsw167 .
franzitta , g . capruzzi , e . la marca , e . c . milazzo , m . and chemello , r . 2016 . recruitment patterns in an intertidal species with low dispersal ability : the reef - buildingdendropoma cristatum ( biondi , 1859 ) ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . italian journal of zoology , vol . 83 , issue . 3 , p . 400 .
milazzo , marco rodolfo - metalpa , riccardo chan , vera bin san fine , maoz alessi , cinzia thiyagarajan , vengatesen hall - spencer , jason m . and chemello , renato 2015 . ocean acidification impairs vermetid reef recruitment . scientific reports , vol . 4 , issue . 1 ,
golding , rosemary e . bieler , rüdiger rawlings , timothy a . and collins , timothy m . 2014 . deconstructingdendropoma : a systematic revision of a world - wide worm - snail group , with descriptions of new genera ( caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) . malacologia , vol . 57 , issue . 1 , p . 1 .
colombo , francesca costa , valentina dubois , stanislas f . gianguzza , paola mazzola , antonio and vizzini , salvatrice 2013 . trophic structure of vermetid reef community : high trophic diversity at small spatial scales . journal of sea research , vol . 77 , issue . , p . 93 .
galil , bella s . 2013 . going going gone : the loss of a reef building gastropod ( mollusca : caenogastropoda : vermetidae ) in the southeast mediterranean sea . zoology in the middle east , vol . 59 , issue . 2 , p . 179 .
di franco , antonio graziano , mariagrazia franzitta , giulio felline , serena chemello , renato and milazzo , marco 2011 . do small marinas drive habitat specific impacts ? a case study from mediterranean sea . marine pollution bulletin , vol . 62 , issue . 5 , p . 926 .
strong , ellen e . colgan , donald j . healy , john m . lydeard , charles ponder , winston f . and glaubrecht , matthias 2011 . phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily cerithioidea using morphology and molecules . zoological journal of the linnean society , vol . 162 , issue . 1 , p . 43 .
museo nacional de ciencias naturales ( csic ) , josé gutiérrez abascal 2 , 28006 madrid , spain .
( mollusca : gastropoda ) has been studied in the south - eastern coast of spain . it apparently is a gonochorisric species with the sex ratio biased toward females ( 71 % ) . a broad peak of more intense reproductive activity occurs in spring months and an inactive reproductive period during winter . the gonad of the males develops about two months before those of females , and storage of sperm by females has been observed . internal fertilization takes place after the capture of pelagic spermatophores .
the egg capsules lie free within the female mantle cavity , and females brood up to 86 capsules simultaneously ( the highest number reported for any vermetid gastropod ) . the size of the capsules is somewhat variable and increases slightly from those containing first stages of development ( mean = 678×579 μm ) to those containing late stages ( mean = 996×693 μm ) . each egg capsule usually contains a single large egg or embryo , but sometimes two ( 8 . 2 % of the capsules ) or rarely three ( 0 . 24 % ) . production of egg capsules by females seems to be continuous throughout the reproductive period ( from march to october ) .
the unsegmented eggs measure from 440 to 507 μm in diameter ( mean = 482 ) and are the largest reported for any vermetid gastropod . nurse eggs are not present , and therefore most of the intracapsular nutrition comes from the internal yolk of the embryo .
development is lecithotrophic without a pelagic larval phase . the late intracapsular veliger stage metamorphoses within the capsule and hatching occurs at a crawling juvenile stage .
. vermerid gastropods from são miguel , azores : comparative anatomy , systematic position and biogeographic affiliation .
. the ecology and reproductive biology of some hawaiian vermetid gastropods . phd thesis ,
mémoire sur l ' anatomie et l ' embryogénie des vermets ( vermetus triqueter et v . semisurrectus phil . )
. contribution a l ' étude des mollusqus opisthobranches de la côte provençale . phd thesis ,
email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation ' s collection .
full text views reflects the number of pdf downloads , pdfs sent to google drive , dropbox and kindle and html full text views .
* views captured on cambridge core between september 2016 - 9th july 2018 . this data will be updated every 24 hours .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .
there are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :
you have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .
your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .
your browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .
the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .
you have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .
this site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .
this site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .
in general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .