grass wonder ( japanese グラスワンダー , foaled 18 february 1995 ) is an american-bred , japanese-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a racing career which lasted from 1997 until 2000 he won nine of his fifteen races including four grade i races .

he was the leading juvenile colt in japan in 1997 when he was unbeaten in four races , culminating in a victory in the asahi hai sansai stakes .

he missed most of his second season with injury problems but returned in autumn to win the arima kinen .

he reached his peak as a four-year-old when he won the takarazuka kinen and a second arima kinen .

he failed to win in three races in 2000 and was retired to stud .

he has had some success as a breeding stallion .

grass wonder

i can ' t help but wonder elisabeth by the grass roots on 1969 abc - dunhill lp .
i can ' t help but wonder elisabeth by the grass roots on 1969 abc - dunhill lp . - youtube
mix - i can ' t help but wonder elisabeth by the grass roots on 1969 abc - dunhill lp .
the tetrarch , native dancer . . . the list is long over the one season wonder , one circuit wonder vigors
special week ended his racing career when he met grass wonder for the second time in the arima kinen at nakayma in december . the race produced a four - way photo finish in which special week was beaten a nose by grass wonder , with t m opera o and tsurumaru tsuyoshi just behind .
grass wonder made almost $ 6 million in his 15 - race career , and he is a full brother to multiple us grade 1 winner wonder again . he was smoked by silence suzuka and el condor pasa , even with the weight concession .
the days of pearly spencer by the grass roots on 1969 abc - dunhill lp .
what love is made of by the grass roots on 1969 abc - dunhill lp .
i wonder if bill is finding the one good thing about having a hearing aid is you can turn it off .
so could well suit australian conditions and his not entirely fashionable pedigree offers a valuable outcross for many mares although his roberto ( hail to reason ) line sire screen hero ( grass wonder ) is out of a sunday silence ( halo ) mare .
, who is getting great results with mares by sunday silence and his sons ) . screen hero is doubly vulnerable in this respect : not only is he a son of grass wonder , but his dam is the sunday silence mare running heroine .
did louganis act properly ? : diving : some wonder whether he should have revealed he was hiv - positive during ' 88 games .
the next day , cutting grass around the douglas fir with the swing in it , i caught walter watching me . i killed the engine , walked over , and squatted down near where he sat in the grass . we were both silent , studying one another through the waving stalks of oxeye daisies .
nike has announced reforms in its asian factories . wonder if this means they ' re going to discontinue the
take your parents to work
day .
grass wonder ( usa ) ch . h , 1995 { 12 - c } dp = 6 - 6 - 25 - 0 - 1 ( 38 ) di = 1 . 81 cd = 0 . 42 - 15 starts , 9 wins , 1 places , 0 shows career earnings : ¥691 , 646 , 000
with a son of roberto as his sire and a daughter of danzig as his dam , temple city is bred along similar lines to that successful stallion arch and to the japanese stallion grass wonder , whose g1 japan cup - winning son screen hero is currently responsible for one of japan’s most outstanding older horses , maurice .
. born in kentucky in 1995 , grass wonder was bred at darby dan farm by john phillips , whose grandfather john galbreath had bred and raced roberto and had then stood him at the property . sold to nobuo tsunoda for $ 250 , 000 at keeneland’s september yearling sale in 1996 , grass wonder was brought to japan and did all his racing there . he enjoyed a splendid career there , winning nine of his 15 races under the care of mitsuhiro ogata . he was a grade one winner at ages two , three and four , and his haul of victories including the arima kinen in both 1998 and ’99 . descending from the swaps mare
silver hawk ' s record is certainly not short of group one performers . his best runners include the 1997 epsom derby hero benny the dip , 1996 musidora stakes heroine magnificient style , 1989 prix de diane winner lady in silver , red bishop , hawkster and japanese superstar grass wonder , who earned nearly $ 6 million in prize money .
bid at the hidaka selection sale for 8 . 4 million yen to train at jra ' s yearling training facility , and then resold to his current owner at jra ' s
breeze up sale
in april , seiun wonder began training under masazo ryoke and quickly reached the starting gate for his debut in june . the grass wonder colt broke his maiden in his second start with an overwhelming six - length margin and followed up with his first grade - race victory in the niigata nisai stakes ( 1 , 600m ) in september .
a live action scooby doo film is in the works . going to be tough casting the lovable crime fighting dog . hmmm . wonder if linda tripp ' s calendar is free ?
resuming his racing in august after an 11 - month break , the grass wonder colt was conditioned by first - season trainer yuichi shikato , who took over after susumu yano ' s retirement , and won his 2008 season debut , then followed up with two runner - up efforts before scoring his first grade race victory in the copa republica argentina ( 2 , 500m ) .
proves that gray horses are also good on the turf as this horse became great when he hit the grass . cozzene was bred and owned by hall of famer john nerud and was trained by his son jan . he won 10 races in his career of which seven came on the grass . his victory in the 1985 breeders’ cup mile earned him the 1985 eclipse award as champion turf horse .
san francisco , california , where work on the new ballpark is unearthing a lot of nineteenth century artifacts . wonder what the chances remains of strom thurmond ' s first west coast tour will surface ?
marv albert signs a five year contract with wonder bra and named co - host with susan molinari on the cbs saturday morning show . in a tearful first stab at journalistic ethics , molinari quits .
jockey tetsuzo sato guided earnestly to victory for owner koji maeda and trainer shozo sasaki . bred in japan by north hills management , the bay horse by 1999 takarazuka kinen champion grass wonder improved upon his third - place finish in last year ' s event . participants , which numbered 16 in this year ' s race , are selected by the public who made buena vista the number one selection in the field .
now the dam of three stakes winners , parlez is a granddaughter of the renowned producer halory ( halo ) , who was the dam of five graded stakes winners , including blue grass stakes winner halory hunter .
* a warm season grass likes to grow in warm weather . before it will show signs of life in the spring , the soil must warm up , and be warm for possibly as long as two weeks .
pedigree illustrates that wonder again hails tail - female through four generations of mares bred and raised on darby dan land beginning in 1960 with her fourth dam , the swaps mare soaring . through 24 starts and four seasons of racing , wonder again amassed grade one wins at ages 3 and 5 , was grade one stakes placed at age 6 , and was in the money in 15 of 24 races . with three foals of racing age on the ground , wonder again has yet to produce a foal possessing talent matching her own but it is only a matter of time before those classy bloodlines find the way back into the winner’s circle .
a drug ring was found to be operating out of the gary , indiana government building . i wonder if the feds were suspicious when everybody who received a key to the city also got a pound of cut .
san francisco , california , where washington square is nowhere near washington street . union square is not even close to union street and there ' s no beach in north beach . no wonder this town is so screwed up .
leaving behind not only a beautiful farm and superior bloodstock , galbreath’s grandson , john phillips , remains committed to this heritage . the late 80’s saw two top grade 1 winners in champion , sunshine forever , and florida derby winner and subsequent leading japanese sire , brian’s time . the 1990’s added an impressive list of grade 1 winners including japanese two year old champion colt grass wonder , and fillies and mares tribulation , plenty of grace , memories of silver and 1999 champion turf mare soaring softly . in 2004 , darby dan was represented by grade i winning turf mare wonder again . most recently , the popular multiple grade 1 winner winter memories added to the tradition of breathtaking winners . current star performers include recepta and time and motion .
seiun wonder won three out of four starts , including the 2008 two - year - old championship race , the asahi futurity stakes ( 1 , 600m ) , to earn the jra award for best two - year - old colt of 2008 .
some wonder if the national football league shouldn ' t be embarrassed by such sudden success , but realists see the precocious two - year - old toddlers for what they are : good organizations with good personnel evaluators , good coaches and good players .
special week began his third season in the grade ii american jockey club stakes at nakayama on 24 january and won from silent hunter and mejiro steed . on 21 march at hanshin he added another grade ii win when he defeated mejiro bright in the 3000 metre hanshin daishoten . the grade i spring edition of the tenno sho over the same course and distance saw special week matched against eleven opponents including mejiro bright ( winner of the race in 1998 ) , matikanefukukitaru , seiun sky , stay gold , silk justice ( arima kinen ) . special week recorded his second grade i win as he defeated mejiro bright by half a length with seiun sky two and a half lengths back in third . [ 10 ] in the takarazuka kinen over 2200 metres at hanshin on 11 july , his final start before the summer break , special week was matched against grass wonder a colt who had been the best of his generation in 1997 but missed most of the 1998 season before returning to win the arima kinen in december . special week was beaten three lengths into second place by grass wonder but finished seven lengths clear of the other ten runners .
grass wonder , who finished eight and a half lengths back in this race under just 121 pounds , returned to win a grade 1 at 13 / 1 odds next time out . this was followed by a grade 2 win , a nose defeat in a grade 1 , a three - length win in a grade 1 , a nose win in a grade 2 , and a nose win in a grade 1 . that adds up to five wins and a nose defeat in his next six starts , four of them at the grade 1 level and two at the grade 2 level .
grass pollen is implicated in most hay fever allergies in ireland and britain , as up to 90 % of people with hay fever are allergic to it . a person with hay fever may simply be allergic to grass pollen , or they may be allergic to a number of other varieties of pollen too . only allergy testing will establish what a person is actually allergic to . pollen allergies seem to relate to the climate and vegetation of the country . in scandinavia birch pollen is the most common allergen , while in parts of spain pollen from the olive tree is the most prolific cause of hay fever .
trained by susumu yano , grass wonder ran adequately in his two starts as a two - year - old in 2006 without winning . having finished fourth over 1600m at tokyo and second over 1800m at nakayama as a juvenile , then then got off the mark at the first attempt at three , winning an 1800m maiden race at nakayama early in the year . he won again over 1600m at the same course later in the winter , and then in the spring a switch from dirt to turf helped him to make further improvement . he did not win again that year , but he ran some good placings , including when second to
life responds to these interannual patterns and others as yet unknown to us . in wet years , the differences among my exlosure plots is muted , perhaps because the grass growth keeps up with herbivory . after the el nino rains , there was a great increase in hibiscus , especially in and near the black cotton glades .
yes , the jaguars are fortunate to be here . if atlanta ' s morten andersen had kicked a last - second 30 - yard field goal instead of slipping on slick grass , the jaguars would have lost their season finale and been out of the playoffs . but now they have won twice in the playoffs , impressively .
there in the meadow with walter , i was close to crying . i closed my eyes , and when i opened them again , walter invited me to sit beside him . for a long time we hunkered down there in his nest of grass and daisies , watched dragonflies and monarchs drift above us in the meadow breeze .
now i wonder at my son , your grandson . the four of us make maps of the homestead — the cabin , the meadow , the nearby woods . walter grits his teeth and draws , with a seriousness that belies his actual drawing ability , the cabin on its stilts , the miner’s orchard full of gnarled apple trees , the tall douglas fir with the board swing hanging from a high branch , the meadow grass in three shades of green . and , of course , to keep everything straight and true , he includes , as is his wont , a compass rose with a red arrow labeled n pointing to the top of the page .
shows she was bred in 1995 as a homebred for the farm by kris s . and is similarly bred , but not closely related , to wonder again as both are by roberto - line stallions and trace to soaring through their dams and granddams . bred to some of the most fashionable sires , the best runner out of
bred and owned by teruya yoshida of the shadai group , the grass wonder colt was winless in his two starts as a two - year - old but broke his maiden in his kick - off race of his three - year - old campaign and added another win two starts later before making his first grade - race attempt in the spring stakes ( 1 , 800m ) in which he finished fifth to flying apple ( usa ) . winless but steadily progressing through his 2007 season , screen hero earned a ticket to the kikuka sho but was found to have fractured his left foreleg and was turned out for the remaining season as well as the first half of 2008 .
joanna symons you can always tell when you ' ve come up against a real wonder of the world . no matter how often you ' ve seen it plastered across calendars or mouse mats , no matter how tightly it ' s girt about with trinket shops and tourists , it sweeps you off your feet and into another time and place .
after marrying soon yi , woody allen is now literally his own father - in - law . wonder if he asked himself for her hand in marriage . of course the first ring he gave her , she probably teethed on . now he ' s writing a play for her . or he could remake the old sitcom ,
father knows best
.
fusaichi pegasus had his most success as a sire with his first crop , foals of 2002 , which included roman ruler ( haskell and norfolk stakes ) and bandini ( blue grass stakes ) among 11 stakes winners from that crop . with 12 percent stakes winners from that crop , fusaichi pegasus would have been a very serious sire if only he had managed to maintain that trajectory .
malawi ( sunvil - 0208 232 9777 , urltoken ) , once , briefly , our home , represented another step back in time . there can ' t be many other places where you can spend the morning crunching across the frosty grass of a dazzling 7 , 000ft escarpment and , within three hours , be steaming gently in a riverside gamepark and eyeballing a crocodile from your hammock .
in fact , witte says , in every homestead , at every interview , she would look at the surviving children and wonder : who will make it ? which child will die ?
and you have to question what this does to the bond between mother and child . do mothers cherish the children more because they may die ? or is it harder to become attached to your child if you know you may lose him ?
in ireland , the high pollen season begins sometime in june , depending on which part of the country you happen to live . obviously , there is seasonal variation and the exact start date will depend on what the weather is like throughout march , april and may . the warmer weather in south west cork means that the grass pollen season tends to start there in mid - may . in dublin and the midlands the high season usually begins at the start of june and in north west donegal a fortnight later .
the toughest job in washington dc these strange days isn ' t the president ' s or even his battery of lawyers but rather that of the first lady whose smile is so tight you can hear the enamel cracking during extreme close ups . she ' s always been a rock next to her sliding mound of liquid bubba gel , but now she makes the rocky mountains look like everglades mud . i can ' t help but wonder how clinton ' s other paramours would have fared in her place .
sounds of earth ( jpn , h5 , by neo universe ) and gold actor ( jpn , h5 , by screen hero ) , whom toho jackal had beaten to second and third , respectively , in the kikuka sho , both have proven to be of high quality by finishing second and first , respectively , in the 2015 arima kinen ( g1 , 2 , 500m ) . sounds of earth ( jpn , h5 , by neo universe ) , after scoring just two wins out of 15 career starts , more recently has finished second in two g1 and three g2 starts , plus a close fifth by 0 . 3 second in last year’s japan cup . gold actor was sidelined for eight months following the kikuka sho but has been undefeated in all four starts since his comeback , including as a g1 winner in the 2015 arima kinen . his sire , screen hero ( jpn , by grass wonder ) , also made late but rapid improvement to claim the 2008 japan cup in his four - year - old season .
today walter and i woke early , before liz and edie , and in the mountain dark we ate peanut - butter toast , then pulled on our hiking shoes and took our poles and hiked down the mountain slope to the river . it was early , still chilly and damp in the shadows . i’d brought a thermos of coffee , and whenever we stopped , walter did jumping jacks , though he claimed the cold didn’t bother him . we hiked on , dropping down through forest , then flood grass , then boulder field and sandbar .
i knew your anger . it’s one of the strongest memories i have of you . you were bloated and bald by then , yellowed from all the chemicals the doctors were pumping through your brain . i wanted to wear to school a pair of jeans with holes in the knees , which i thought were cool . you told me to take them off . knowing , without really knowing , that you were fading from my life — you , the burden that was father , my sick and needy father — i refused . you swore at me , said i looked like trash , said if i wore such clothes i was trash and no son of yours . i ran for the safety of trees . i hid in the tall grass and took the grass in my hands and pulled until it cut the undersides of my fingers . the worst part , i think now , was that i already felt so distant from you , hadn’t felt for a long time like a son of yours . after you’d yelled yourself out , i went back in , ate my cereal , and left for school dressed the way i wanted .
who , like the aforementioned wonder again , is a phillips homebred and grade one winner on turf sired by silver hawk . bred in 1993 , memories of silver represented a third - generation darby dan bloodline tracing back through her granddam java moon by graustark . a theme of heartiness runs through many of the darby dan female families as many of its mares not only race but win in top quality races over multiple seasons . memories of silver and her best runners winter memories and la cloche were all turf graded stakes winners their final season on the track .
the colosseum in rome , which i visited this year , opened a window straight into the gorier side of the roman world . looking down into the arena , i swear i could hear the roar of lions , the baying crowd ; smell the blood and dust . seeing rome with my children was an education for all of us . we adults can try so hard to cram in all the sights that we lose out on the spirit of a place ; the children ' s wonder , and oblique view of the city was - happily - infectious .
grass pollen is the most common allergen in ireland without a doubt
, says dr paul dowding , a senior lecturer with the trinity college dublin botany department .
herb pollen is less common and tree pollen is not a great factor in ireland because it is not a heavily wooded country . the highest pollen count levels within ireland are usually found in lowland country areas , especially agricultural areas where there is likely to be a lot of grassland . levels in cities would be a half or quarter of that and in coastal areas pollen levels would be lower again
.
already an accomplished star jockey in nar regional public racing before debuting under a jra license in 2006 , it wasn ' t long before yasunari iwata elevated his status in the jra . attracting increasing offers from big owners for major g1s , he responded with impressive results and boosted his purses . among his 13 grade - race wins during 2008 were four g1 titles , which he won with admire jupiter ( tenno sho spring , g1 ) , vodka ( yasuda kinen , g1 ) , black emblem ( shuka sho ) and seiun wonder ( asahi hai futurity stakes ) .
we have seen two complete population cycles of jackals . in the early 1990s they were abundant . by mid 1990s , they had all but disappeared . they returned in force after the el nino year ( 1997 - 8 ) , but have recently declined again . by 2003 / 4 , they appeared to be making a comeback . the el nino year had myriad cascading effects . first the grass grew tall and thick , raising the specter of uncontrollable bush fires . the rodents responded , and these usually shy creatures were seen daily . on their heels were the predators , the jackals and the snakes .
last summer , witte lived in a hotel with no running water , no oven for the chef to cook food , and the only phone in town . now , settled back into her life as an emory student , witte is far removed from her sojourn to kenya - but not its impact .
it gave me hands on experience . i learned first - hand about a grass roots community project . and i came away from the experience committed to continuing my education . also , i have a new understanding about why it is so important to rigorously evaluate public heal th programs and find out what really works .
he missed one start in november due to an infection in his foot before being sent to post favorite for a grade - one attempt in the asahi hai futurity stakes . despite appearing overexcited in both the paddock and the post parade prior to his first start in three and a half months , seiun wonder took a ground - saving route from stall three . from racing well off the pace , jockey yasunari iwata steered him off the rails between the third and last corner and then split horses for the final stretch , from where the big colt of more than 500 kilos burst into gear to outrun the leaders and then held off the late chargers for a head - margin victory .
by the time the sun burned away the clouds , i was already drenched in sweat and itching , spears of grass and burs stuck to my legs , a blister boiling up in the center of my hand . yet i had a luxury you didn’t : we’re here only for a season , and my work this morning at the pond wouldn’t make or break us . i was only halfway around the longer western edge of the pond , but anyway i stabbed my shovel into the mud , pulled off my hat and shirt , and dove into the green water . i surfaced and swam over to walter and edie , who proudly showed me all the wriggling , bulb - eyed newts they’d caught .
go ahead , have a drink . today is the darkest day in america . a stain on the calendar . april 15th . the day we part with our hard earned money and give it to the government . i ' m talking about perfectly good money that could be used to buy beer . and what nice little sheep we are to just give it al away .
here mr . pentagon : take three months of my take home pay and buy yourself a hammer
. you pay taxes and i pay taxes . the difference is you don ' t pay enough and i pay way too much . and i ' m sure you feel the same . even the president pays taxes . for 1997 , the clintons had a gross adjusted income of $ 569 , 511 and paid $ 91 , 964 in federal taxes and $ 19 , 745 in state and local taxes , about half of what they paid last year , mostly because hillary ' s book
it takes a village
tanked from the best seller lists like a boxer wearing trunks made out of quaalude patches . they ' re getting a refund of $ 3 , 040 from the irs and gave away $ 270 , 725 to charities but refused to say who got the contributions . i don ' t know about you but i have a feeling the national rifle association saw about as much of that money as you and i did . wonder if copies of
leaves in the grass
were tax - deductible ?
they held them up to me in their fists , the newts pawing at the rough air . then they let the newts loose and rinsed their hands — the amphibians’ skin harbors quite a poison — and i helped them snap on their life jackets . we floated for an hour in the pond with the newts , who , back in the green water , swam and dove around us like we might all be family , their wide snouts rippling the surface here and there for air . a gust of wind danced through the crowns of the nearby firs and pines . the grass bent in the wind , even broke — i heard the crackling . the wind died down then , and a phalanx of red - gold dragonflies veered above us , snapped and whirred .
michael , 15 months old , visits the locker room after the game , in the arms of his father ' s brother hank , 24 , who along with another brother , dane , 30 , spends a lot of time in vancouver babysitting his nephew and helping mike keep track of his schedule away from basketball . watching the affection mike showers on michael makes an observer wonder about mike ' s estrangement from his father , henry , a former nba player who even after his retirement spent long stretches of time away from the family . henry , now usc ' s coach , could be helping his youngest son adjust to nba life , but it ' s obvious that he won ' t have the chance to do that anytime soon . mike doesn ' t answer questions having to do with his father .
dynaformer thoroughly merited his promotion , going on to sire well over 60 group / graded winners , but even he was not guaranteed to sire an heir apparent . as many as 14 of his 23 grade i winners were fillies and two of the others–perfect drift and vergennes–were geldings . that left just seven grade i - winning sons . one , the exciting gi kentucky derby winner barbaro , met an untimely death . a second , the gi shadwell turf mile winner purim , died in 2012 , before his progeny had had much chance to prove themselves . however , he left the grade i winners twilight eclipse and undrafted among his legacy of only 218 foals . a third grade i - winning son of dynaformer , the gi blue grass s . winner brilliant speed , was killed by lightning earlier this year at the age of eight .
there is a common misunderstanding that rainfall in laikipia can be described as long rains in march - may and short rains in october - november , separated by two dry seasons . people come in the summer and wonder where all the rain is coming from . although much of the area to the south and east of laikipia does have a simple bimodal rainfall pattern , laikipia ( and many areas to the west ) also get a set of rains in july - august . these are sometimes called the lake rains or the continental rains . these blur into the long rains that preceded them , and the short rains that follow . the net result is a fairly predictable dry season from december to mid - march , and a weakly trimodal distribution of rain thereafter , with a distinct peak in april - may , and perhaps minor dips in june and september . the long - term records for mpala suggest that august is the third wettest month at mpala .
the world ' s first invention of the
selfie robot - ic chip module , the agency tracking the design of research and development company
, we proposed ic chip products in the world is not similar to
selfie robot hardware and software combination of tracking action products , use face recognition , object tracking , software technology to capture face tracking , and tracking with infrared hardware to shoot . this wafer module supports the android and ios app algorithms and firmware of the mechanism of rotation tracking control technology , customers can easily use this chip , just select the battery , lights , motors , you can process design product appearance , and the phone linked to the selfie situation of the application selfie robot goods . our positioning :
grasswonder inside
( embedded small green grass chip ) , this positioning to support customers to design , perfect user selfie experience :
let the phone lens has been chasing their own , their own kind of being chasing the stars feel
, which is the best user experience .
these months we’ve spent in isolation on this mountain were my choice , my responsibility , just as our family’s life in the badlands of montana was yours . did you ever try to figure the escape paths we might have taken out ? did you wonder which way you would run with us when the river dried up ? when smoke filled the sky ? when the grasshoppers fell across the fields like a plague ? and what sudden plans did you make when you woke one morning and had your wife feel your belly , which was by then nothing but a mass of tumor ? you’d left behind a stable job with the u . s . forest service , left a pension and healthcare benefits , left access to a good hospital — where a doctor perhaps wouldn’t have misdiagnosed your cancer as ulcers for so long — left it all for a life you’d known would be hard . and it was hard , even harder than you’d reckoned . in response i have chosen a life of relative security : a good job , a house in town , decent savings . this mountain sojourn of ours is , i know , only a hint of the trial you lived and knew .
before you were a farmer , father , you were a forester , a ranger in glacier national park and the backcountry of the bob marshall wilderness , then later in mount rainier and mesa verde . and i imagine you did your share of christening seasonal creeks with the names of long - ago girlfriends or naming hard - to - cross fields of scree after disfavored politicians . you must , i am sure , have picked a rock to sit on along the ridge , one with a view of the river , and then rifled hungrily through your pack for lunch . in your later life as a farmer , the life in which i knew you , you were a man of order : the fields irrigated for so many hours three times a summer ; the lambing tally inked in blue ballpoint in spiral notebooks . i’ve seen them , you know , in the bottom - right drawer of your old roll - top desk , those tattered notebooks , their pages stained with iodine and afterbirth , the mess of delivering lambs . you favored red for the covers and always kept a pen poking out of the metal coil . as a boy i’d open them and trace with my finger the loop of your scrawl , wonder at the workings of this hand i’d only briefly known .
you can call us many things here in the golden plated state of california , but we ' re about as predictable as a rhinestone canoe in a freight elevator . our democratic gubernatorial suitors spent $ 64 million cozying up to us for tuesday ' s primary , and what do we do , but go and nominate the goober who bought us a corsage the size of a golf ball dimple . grey
and that ' s a gross exaggeration
davis , beat both al
checkbook with a smirk
checci , and jane
i am a woman dammit
harman for the honor of facing dan
darth
lungren in november ' s race for governor of us , the world ' s seventh largest economy . now , of course , the next five months is going to be easy . the two of them will stomp each other like daisies on a fifty yard line claiming that all important moderate middle as a fumble recovery and blast the other for being so far out of the mainstream , they got grass stains on their butts . according to which playbook you ' re reading , it ' ll either be mister compassion versus the steel nazi or mister responsible versus the stone hippie . or another way of putting it , for us in california , its $ 64 million down and a bajillion to go .
monica talks !
not quite
garbo talks
, but you and me and hard copy are going to have to settle for it right now . still don ' t know what ms . lewinsky said . but you can bet your ass that our boy bill is going to know exactly how many times she coughed and how many separate particles of spit expectorated from her mouth when she did cough before he testifies on august 17 . wonder if monica ' s voice is squeaky or smokey or seductive ? hard to believe we ' ve lived with this lady for so long and still haven ' t heard her speak . also hard to believe the only way to tell the difference between the jerry springer show and cbs evening news these days is dan rather doesn ' t wears glasses . hardest of all to believe is mr . starr ' s witch hunt has gone on longer than the civil war . you really got to feel sorry for the 23 men and women on the grand jury who for six months have been hearing the most salacious things possible about the leader of the free world , the leader of the leader of the free world , an intern and her best friend . wouldn ' t blame any of those grand jurors who responded to their public service by moving to the yukon interior .
summer . barefoot at a barbecue . sinfully skinny tan lines . sand under the elastic of your underwear . men obviously bereft of mirrors naked from the waist up . ice cream dripping down the sugar cone onto your fingers . lemonade so tart it makes your toes pucker . the tinny mantra of a baseball game on an am radio . it started sunday but not really . oh sure the solstice ostensibly began at 10 : 03 am edt father ' s day , when the sun was at its furthest point from the equator . solstice : from the latin for
stand still
, featured the longest day of the year . yes , this may be the astronomical beginning of the season of summer for those of us in the northern hemisphere , but we ' re already a goodly way into it ' s clammy depths . we ' ve just been experiencing that weird cuspal convergence of summer and spring : sprummer . because true summer is not a fixed date , it ' s a state of mind . an altered state of mind . as an adult , it means memorial day and the ability to wear white shoes sans impunity not to mention lawn furniture . it means fresh cut grass and the soft stirring of a hammock complete with snoring noises . it means the smell of burning flesh , both from barbecues and the shoulders of the pigmentally challenged at the beach .
- radio news while i slice potatoes , slick the cast - iron pan with bacon grease , and tuck thick pats of butter and slices of garlic inside the fish . you rise , even though you’re tired — i realize you’d be seventy - three this year — and join me on the porch , bringing the beer i left inside . while the fish grill , the oil dripping and popping in the flames , we talk politics . we argue . we might for a moment turn away from one another . you’re a southerner raised on tobacco and jim crow , a poor boy who enlisted , made good with the help of the gi bill , and missed out on most of what we think of when we say “the sixties . ” i am my mother’s son — my mother the social worker and teacher , the idealist who stored her joan baez records in the same box as your waylon jennings albums . but i’m not after a reckoning here , not by a long shot . what i want to do is turn the blackening fish , lean against the log rail by you , with you , and take a deep swallow of suds . what i want is to touch your elbow lightly and point down below the old shed , near the oak tree , where a doe and a yearling fawn slip like ghosts through the grass in the dusty light of evening .
at & t , god ' s phone service , has figured out the best way to attract young consumers who would rather chew gravel than align themselves with a corporate behemoth like ma bell ' s favorite son . wear a disguise . in offering their new dial around service , they ' re posing as a hip and fun company called lucky dog in a naked attempt to appeal to the young and anti establishment . at & t is posturing as anti establishment ? now that ' s sacrilege . isn ' t that a lot like bob dole skateboarding in cut offs ? or alan greenspan with a mohawk wading into the mosh pit of a primus concert . called
stealth branding
, this wolf in chihuahua ' s clothing stuff is nothing new . miller brewing , which is to microbrew what godzilla is to guppies has been cashing in on the small is better craze for years with a boutique label called red dog . makes you wonder if matt damon is really just tom hanks with a lot of makeup . and in the same vein , german media conglomerate bertlesmann ag is paying $ 200 million for a 50 % stake in barnesandnoble . com even though they ' re still running their own online service . i ' m not sure i get this whole competing with yourself strategy . not only do you lose even when you win , but often not only do you lose but you also lose as well . nothing stockholders love more than a lose lose situation .
today is fat tuesday . the day we cast aside restraint , and drink till we puke on our shoes and then laugh . as my dad always used to say ,
moderation in everything . including moderation
. your response to today is probably dependent on your geography . in san francisco , it ' ll be a much bigger deal than it will be in pierre , south dakota . but to be fair , california coyote festivals don ' t even begin to measure up to theirs . our stages end up littered with at best , half the shredded chicken carcasses as theirs and most of our coyotes aren ' t even quadrupeds . of course , san francisco ' s mardi gras celebration is to new orleans ' like dick york was to dick sergeant . a pale imitation at best . and i ' m sure the folks at carnaval in rio de janeiro will tell you that new orleans is the second darrin . isn ' t it funny that nobody wants to be the second darrin . i wonder when some fancy psychological think tank is going to do a highly funded useless study on the
second darrin syndrome .
dicks who fill other people ' s shoes , badly . they say that mardi gras is just a state of mind . of course so is the second darrin syndrome . all i know is , this is the only holiday we have where pure unadulterated excess is expected and encouraged . until aerick ' s day , that is . which is almost 3 whole weeks away .
don ' t get me wrong . i ' m no fan of hooters ' restaurants . ate there twice . both times i felt like i had felt someone up without their consent . and the wings were just okay . did not agree when hooters waitresses sued , saying they knew the uniforms were provocative , but didn ' t expect the sexual harassment . the hell did they expect ? true love ? macarthur genius grants ? carefully formulated queries about sub atomic particle research ? it ' s called hooters , for crum ' s sake . it might as well be
tits r us
with a giant nipple on the backwards
r
. oh yeah , the logo is owl eyes .
owl eyes
capable of lactation . now a federal appeals court is considering the case of 4 chicago guys whose applications for waiter positions were turned down . i ' m thinking , if guys with really tight buns who looked good in cut off t shirts filled out applications , they might have been hired . some battles are worth going down for . this case rates a . 0001 on that list . do we really want to set a precedent allowing dr . ruth westheimer to file a discrimination suit for being denied the opportunity to start as chicago bulls point guard ? does anybody foresee a grass roots campaign petitioning playgirl on behalf of ernest borgnine ' s bid for a photo spread ? next thing you know , michael bolton is going to demand grammy award accreditation in the male singer category . does crowbarring the lid off of pandora ' s box have any meaning here ?
as a public service , i watched the impeachment hearings so that you didn ' t have to . and i got to be honest here . you owe me money . oh , it was riveting television . a lot like listening to golf on the radio in mandarin . like watching varnish harden on a closet baseboard by a ten watt light bulb . i don ' t mean to say kenneth starr was boring but his own staff was nodding off behind him . he has to be the whitest human on the face of the planet . beyond white . he ' s translucent . a man to whom the term
pasty
is but a dream . envious of diaphanous . and it ' s an absolute wonder how he ' s able to be so incredibly patient with us . because we are so stupid . don ' t we get it ? my god , it ' s like trying to explain quantum physics to a rabbit hutch . not only did the man lie , but then he lied about lying . yeah , sure , maybe his staff intimidated monica lewinsky by a threat of 27 years in jail if she tried to talk to her lawyer . he was just following normal prosecutorial procedure . and sure , he can ' t remember a lot of stuff . so what ? didn ' t clinton use the same ruse ? and don ' t give me that birds of a feather crap , there ' s a big difference between the two of them . it ' s so obvious . starr is on the side of right .
we tried everything to get him out . we banged on the wheel well with a lug wrench so loudly that it would have deafened an animal that actually had ears . we poked it with sticks that were uncomfortably short , but it just retreated deeper . we even poured petrol on it . nothing worked . i figured i had a couple of choices . i could leave the vehicle there and hope that when i came back in a few hours , the snake had left . but that seemed to give the snake too much credit . instead , i decided to drive off . perhaps the snake would drop off or be shredded by the axle . ( its amazing how your concern for animals declines when there is a puff adder in your wheel well . ) i had two unsettling images . the first was of taking the snake all the way home and inadvertently delivering it to my five - year - old son ' s backyard . i had decided that i would park a kilometer away , and walk the rest . my other image was even more disturbing . old land rovers are miracles of low - tech engineering , and i could not be sure that the puff adder could not find a way from the wheel well into the cab . i imagined driving along and feeling the dry coarse rasp of its scales against my leg just before the lightning strike . i searched the car , and found no obvious route , but was little reassured . i finally did just drive off , with another vehicle spotting behind . sure enough , the puff adder was flung off within the first couple of hundred meters , and slithered off into the long grass .
we here at yourbank know you must be a little worried about all these big mergers going on . and well you should be . so let us put your mind at rest by insisting these changes are not for us , they ' re designed with you , our valued customers in mind . just trying to streamline operations to make it easier for you , our most precious collateral . we know you don ' t need a lot of perplexing ' choices ' to slow down your day , so here at yourbank , we ' re doing our best to make sure that when the smoke clears , we ' ll remain standing as your one and only choice when seeking financial security . we ' d also like to take this time to introduce the new ' one - rate ' atm fees from yourbank . aren ' t you tired of all those confusing charges for automated banking ? who wouldn ' t be ? one institution tacks on an outrageous fee for each on line service dial up , while another establishment nails you for even more , just for using their atm . well , at yourbank , we ' ve taken the guesswork out of banking . each transaction is the same special low user friendly price of . . . five dollars . that way you ' ll know you ' re getting the same beneficial easy to remember rate each and every time you do business with us . no hassles . no confusion . just the same convenient price . any time . anywhere . for anything . you ' ll never have to wonder if you ' re being ripped off again . remember , at yourbank , we ' re working harder , to make your money . . . our money .


kryptopterus is a genus of catfishes belonging to the family siluridae .

they are found in freshwater throughout southeast asia .

the scientific name comes from ancient greek kryptós ( κρυπτός , " hidden " ) + ptéryx ( πτέρυξ , " fin " ) .

it refers to the reduced or even entirely absent dorsal fin of these catfishes .

these small - to medium-sized catfishes have opaque , transparent or translucent bodies , hence their common name asian glass catfishes .

despite this name , only three described species have clearly transparent bodies : k. minor , k. piperatus and k. vitreolus .

most significant among these is the ghost catfish ( k. vitreolus ) , which is the " glass catfish " most often seen in the aquarium fish trade .

this species was initially confused with the larger glass catfish ( k. bicirrhis ; infrequent in aquarium trade ) and subsequently with k. minor ( essentially absent from aquarium trade ) .

this matter was only fully resolved in 2013 .

kryptopterus

kryptopterus minor is not the glass catfish commonly found in the trade . the species we see in the trade is kryptopterus vitreolus . unless you collected the fish yourself in borneo , you almost certainly have that species .
kryptopterus : from the greek kryptos , meaning hidden and pteryx , meaning fin ; in reference to the reduced or absent dorsal fin of this group of fishes .
kryptopterus : from the greek kryptos , meaning ‘hidden’ , and pterýgio , meaning ‘fin’ , in reference to the reduced or absent dorsal - fin in members of this genus .
kryptopterus species are found only in southeast asia and the genus has been considered polyphyletic since bornbusch ( 1995 ) with some former species already moved to the genera phalacronotus and micronema .
asia : malay peninsula , java , sumatra and borneo . reports of this species from mekong , mae khlong , bang pakong and chao phraya river drainages in mainland southeast asia are misidentifications of kryptopterus geminus .
ng , h . h . , s . wirjoatmodjo and r . k . hadiaty , 2004 - ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 15 ( 1 ) : 91 - 95 kryptopterus piperatus , a new species of silurid catfish ( teleostei : siluridae ) from northern sumatra .
kryptopterus : from the greek kryptos , meaning hidden and pteryx , meaning fin ; in reference to the reduced or absent dorsal fin of this group of fishes . from the greek cryptos , meaning hidden and pterygion , meaning fin . in reference to the rudimentary dorsal fin .
for years this fish was known in the hobby as kryptopterus bicirrhis , a very similar but larger species , but it has now been correctly identified as k . minor . this is a large genus , and other species , along with species in the similar genera , may be impor
kryptopterus geminus , a new species of silurid catfish is described from the bang pakong , mekong , mae khlong and chao phraya river drainages in mainland southeast asia . kryptopterus geminus , together with k . cryptopterus , can be distinguished from congeners by the dorsal profile lacking a nuchal concavity and short maxillary barbels extending to the base of the pectoral fin . kryptopterus geminus can be further distinguished from k . cryptopterus in having a narrower head ( 9 . 5– 12 . 0 % sl vs . 12 . 2–14 . 2 ) , longer anal fin ( 62 . 2–72 . 7 % sl vs . 57 . 2–62 . 9 ) and snout ( 39 . 5–45 . 3 % hl vs . 35 . 1–39 . 8 ) , and more laterally - placed eyes ( only ventral half , vs . ventral two - thirds , of the orbital margin visible when the head is viewed ventrally ) .
among other kryptopterus spp . only k . minor and k . piperatus also possess a transparent body in life with the remaining species translucent or opaque , and these three are hypothesised to form a sub - clade within the k . bicirrhis species group ( ng & kottelat , 2013 ; see below for definition of this species group ) .
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k . vitreolus is one of three species in the genus to possess a transparent body in life . . .
. . . although it does sometimes appear less so depending on the angle of light .
vitreolus : from the diminutive form of the latin adjective vitreus , meaning ‘of glass’ , in reference to this species’ transparent appearance in life .
known only from a series of coastal river basins of peninsular thailand draining into the gulf of thailand south of the isthmus of kra , plus a handful of rivers draining the cardamom ( khao banthat ) mountains in southeastern thailand .
ng and kottelat ( 2013 ) state that its status in the wild requires investigation since it’s collected intensively for the aquarium trade , has a relatively restricted range and appears never to have been bred on a commercial basis .
displays a preference for slow - moving or standing habitats and has been collected from turbid brownish water as well as acidic blackwater .
best kept in a well - decorated set - up with some surface or floating vegetation since it appears to prefer relatively dim conditions .
the addition of dried leaf litter and / or alder cones would further emphasise the natural feel while the tannins and other chemicals released by these as they decompose are considered beneficial for fishes from blackwater environments .
do not add this fish to a biologically immature aquarium as it can be susceptible to swings in water chemistry .
in the aquarium it will accept dried foods of a suitable size but should also be offered daily meals of small live and frozen fare such as artemia nauplii , moina , grindal worm , etc .
generally peaceful though it may predate on eggs or fry and is somewhat timid so does not compete well with much larger , robust or otherwise boisterous fishes .
small , peaceful species make the best tankmates with examples from thailand including trigonostigma heteromorpha , t . espei , brevibora dorsiocellata , acanthocobitis zonalternans , lepidocephalichthys , acanthopsoides and pangio spp .
many species from other countries are of course also suitable but be sure to research your choices thoroughly prior to purchase .
k . vitreolus is highly gregarious and tends to form quite tight schools meaning a group of 6 or more specimens is the minimum recommended .
this species has been available in the trade for decades during which time it’s been widely misidentified as the congeners k . bicirrhis or , more recently , k . minor .
its identity was not resolved until early 2013 at which point it was described as a new species by ng and kottelat , meaning you will see it under one of these two names in the majority of literature published prior to that date .
unusually , the authors were required to publish a short communication just after the description since the words ‘new species’ did not feature in the first paper meaning that technically the name k . vitreolus remained unavailable as per art . 16 . 1 of the iczn code .
alternative trade names include ‘asian glass catfish’ , ‘ghost catfish’ and ‘phantom catfish’ , while it’s sometimes confused with the ‘african glass catfish’ , parailia pellucida .
k . vitreolus can be told apart from k . minor , k . piperatus and all other k . bicirrhis group members by the following combination of characters : snout length 29–35 % hl ; eye diameter 28–34 % hl ; body depth at anus 16–20 % sl ; depth of caudal peduncle 4–7 % sl ; maxillary barbels extending beyond base of first anal - fin ray ; dorsal profile with pronounced nuchal concavity ; 14–18 rakers on the first gill arch ; 48–55 anal - fin rays .
k . bicirrhis group : k . bicirrhis , k . lais , k . palembangensis , k . macrocephalus , k . minor , k . piperatus , k . vitreolus k . cryptopterus group : k . cryptopterus , k . geminus k . limpok group : k . limpok , k . mononema , k . dissitus , k . baramensis , k . hesperius k . schilbeides group : k . schilbeides , k . paraschilbeides
bombusch ( 1995 ) identified the k . bicirrhis group as a distinct clade although he didn’t propose any synapomorphy to diagnose it .
ng and kottelat ( 2013 ) later noted that members normally have fewer anal - fin rays ( 46–67 vs . 64–85 ) than other congeners and placed k . piperatus and k . vitreolus within the group based on this character .
ng , h - h . and m . kottelat , 2013 - zootaxa 3630 : 308 - 316 after eighty years of misidentification , a name for the glass catfish ( teleostei : siluridae ) .
bornbusch , a . h . , 1995 - zoological journal of the linnean society 115 : 1 - 46 phylogenetic relationships within the eurasian catfish family siluridae ( pisces : siluriformes ) , with comments on generic validities and biogeography .
ng , h - h . and m . kottelat , 2013 - zootaxa 3640 ( 2 ) : 299 - 300 a name for the glass catfish ( teleostei : siluridae ) revisited .
, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
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mainstream of sungai pinoh at nanga saian , 45 kilometers south of nangapinoh , borneo , indonesia .
68mm or 2 . 7
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
memoirs of the california academy of sciences no . 14 , pp149 , fig . 115 .
( 1 ) glasscats ( k : 3 ) . click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species . you can also view all
my cats
data for this species .
get or print a qr code for this species profile , or try our beta label creator .
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distribution : europe and asia . dorsal fin rays usually less than 7 , when present . no spine before dorsal fin . no adipose fin . pelvic fins small or absent . anal fin base very long with 41 - 110 rays . nasal barbel absent , one or two pairs of barbels on lower jaw , and maxillary barbels usually elongate . maximum length of 5 m reached in silurus glanis , with 330 kg . this european species may enter brackish waters .
latin , silurus = a kind of fish . 1555 ( ref . 45335 ) .
the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .
rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .
but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .
unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .
this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .
in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .
when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .
type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .
type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .
greek , kryptos = hidden + greek , pteron = wing . fin ( ref . 45335 )
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 6 . 5 - 7 . 4 ; dh range : 10 - 20 . tropical ; 22°c - 26°c ( ref . 2060 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 9 . 7 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7050 )
restricted to peat habitats ( ref . 57235 ) . occurs in shady spots in running waters . omnivorous , although larger individuals may prey on smaller fishes ( ref . 6868 ) . uncommon in aquarium trade ( ref . 57235 ) .
kottelat , m . , a . j . whitten , s . n . kartikasari and s . wirjoatmodjo , 1993 . freshwater fishes of western indonesia and sulawesi . periplus editions , hong kong . 221 p . ( ref . 7050 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00575 ( 0 . 00278 - 0 . 01190 ) , b = 2 . 99 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 17 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 2 ±0 . 73 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 20 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
kottelat , m . 2013 . the fishes of the inland waters of southeast asia : a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters , mangroves and estuaries . raffles bulletin of zoology supplement no . 27 : 1 - 663 .
, particularly in the aquarium literature . there is a possibility that the populations from sundaic southeast asia are not conspecific with those from mainland southeast asia .
justification : this species is recorded from the malay peninsula from southern thailand and southeastern thailand to kalimantan , and southeast thailand to western cambodia . it is heavily utilised in the aquarium trade , although a high proportion of the species in trade come from farmed sources . data are not available on population trends , however the species is assessed as near threatened due to inferred population declines arising from the impact of harvesting for the ornamental fish trade and the loss and degradation of suitable habitat , especially peatland and lowland forest covered streams .
recorded from the malay peninsula from southern thailand and southeastern thailand to kalimantan , and southeast thailand to western cambodia . the species is possibly present in viet nam in the lower dong nai river basin .
it is thought that the population might have suffered some decline from collection for the aquarium trade .
inhabits small streams and swamps , especially peatland and lowland forest covered streams , as well as from larger turbid rivers .
popular in the aquarium trade , traded in very large volumes . most of the individuals in trade are thought to be from farmed sources , with a small percentage from the wild .
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and from malaysia ( peninsula , sabah and sarawak ) , and indonesia ( sumatra and kalimantan ) . although a commercially fished species , it is assessed as least concern at present .
) , thailand and cambodia , and from malaysia ( peninsula , sabah and sarawak ) , and indonesia ( sumatra and kalimantan ) .
inhabits large rivers with turbid waters but reportedly prefers fast flowing water , but also enters flooded fields ( kottelat 1998 ) . a diurnal , active pelagic species .
occurs in commercial and subsistence fisheries . highly commercial . used to make fermented foods or fish sauce . regularly seen in the aquarium trade .
likely to be impacted locally in parts of its range by pollution and overfishing .
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 6 . 8 - 7 . 8 ; dh range : ? - 18 ; potamodromous ( ref . 51243 ) . tropical ; 22°c - 25°c ( ref . 2060 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 14 . 6 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2091 )
roberts , t . r . , 1989 . the freshwater fishes of western borneo ( kalimantan barat , indonesia ) . mem . calif . acad . sci . 14 : 210 p . ( ref . 2091 )
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 27 of 100 ) .
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200mm or 7 . 9
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
rudimentary dorsal fin ; the maxillary barbels reaching to the base of the pectoral fin ; 64 - 78 anal rays . nearly straight dorsal profile with no nuchal concavity ; pectoral - fin length greater than head length .
males are more slender and have strong serrations on the posterior edge of the pectoral spine ( females lack these serrations ) .
readily feeds on live / frozen foods and other prepared foods such as pellets .
this fish is fairly active and needs open spaces to swim in . provide plenty of vegetation for it to hide in during the day .
a schooling species that should be kept in groups of three or more . a relatively peaceful fish compatible with most other species . ideal tankmates include larger barbs and rasboras , and other mid - sized bottom - dwelling asian catfishes ( e . g . mystus ) .
in the mekong , this species spawns during the early part of the rainy season ( june - july ) . the young move toward the seasonally flooded habitats and are first seen in august . not reported in aquaria .
( 1 ) silentskream , who also notes :
one of many called
glass catfish
but this is one of the less common varieties . we got ours as a donation , and have been very happy with him !
, ( 2 ) miles44 ( k : 2 ) , ( 3 ) straitjacketstar ( k : 2 ) , ( 4 ) in _ the _ seance ( k : 2 ) . click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species . you can also view all
my cats
data for this species .
special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 6 . 0 - 8 . 0 ; dh range : 5 - 19 . tropical ; 24°c - 28°c ( ref . 30491 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7050 )
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 6 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 13 of 100 ) .
inhabits lakes and main rivers ( ref . 56749 ) . feeds on small fishes and prawns ( ref . 56749 ) . usually processes as smoked or salted fish ( ref . 56749 ) .
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this species was described from the mekong river in stung treng province , cambodia ( ng 2003 ) . prior to its recognition as a distinct species , it has been misidentified as k . cryptopterus .
justification : even though there is no information regarding the population size and trends for this species , survey data indicates that it is still abundant throughout much of its range . it is therefore assessed as least concern .
the species is known from the mekong ( from the mouth upriver to vientiane , lao pdr ) , mae khlong ( the mouth to at least kanchanaburi ) , bang pakong ( from the mouth to at least prachinburi ) and chao phraya ( the mouth upriver to at least ayutthaya ) river drainages in mainland southeast asia ( ng 2003 ) .
there is no information available on the population size and trends for this species , but survey data indicates that it is still abundant throughout much of its range .
dominany presence at khone falls during dry season , exhibits peak in beginning of rainy season . ( baran
this species is utilized as a food fish in artisanal fisheries . it is also sporadically collected and exported as an ornamental fish .
the threats to this species are unknown , since there is no information on the biology of this species and therefore the impact of potential threats ( especially those of an anthropogenic nature ) remains unknown .
there is insufficient information on the distribution , biology and potential threats for this species .
smallest 68mm , largest 350mm , average 181mm , most commonly 80mm . all sl .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
individual collected in the rajang river system , sarawak state , malaysia ( borneo ) .
macrocephalus : from the greek makros , meaning ‘long’ , and kephalos , meaning ‘head’ .
known from southern ( peninsular ) thailand , peninsular malaysia , singapore and the greater sunda islands of sumatra , borneo and java .
type locality is usually given as ‘padang , sumatra’ although habitats in that area are said to be unsuitable for this species and it’s never been recorded there post - description .
this species is a stenotypic inhabitant of peat swamp forests and associated blackwater streams .
many such habitats have suffered large - scale degradation of some kind but in unaltered cases the dense canopy of branches above means very little light penetrates the surface of such environments , and riparian vegetation also tends to grow thickly .
substrates are usually littered with fallen leaves , branches and submerged tree roots though in some places aquatic plants from genera such as cryptocoryne or barcalaya can be found .
the water is typically stained darkly with humic acids and other chemicals released by decaying organic materials , the dissolved mineral content generally negligible and ph as low as 3 . 0 or 4 . 0 .
for example in sarawak state , malaysia ( borneo ) it’s been collected from a blackwater river known as the sungai kepayan which flows through remnant and intact peat swamp forest .
in 1998 ph was measured at 4 . 1 and depth ranged from 20 cm to 2 metres or more .
syntopic fish species included osteochilus spilurus , ‘ puntius ‘ rhomboocellatus , brevibora dorsiocellata , trigonopoma gracile , t . pauciperforatum , sundadanio cf . axelrodi , kottelatlimia pristes , neohomaloptera johorensis , nanobagrus fuscus , ompok weberi , silurichthys phaiosoma , hemirhamphodon phaiosoma , betta edithae , b . midas , nandus nebulosus , belontia hasseltii , luciocephalus pulcher , parosphromenus anjunganensis , p . ornaticauda , and sphaerichthys osphromenoides .
probably a predator feeding on crustaceans , invertebrates and smaller fishes in nature , although there should be no need to use such live foods in captivity .
offer a varied diet comprising sinking dried foods , live and frozen bloodworm , tubifex , etc . , and perhaps the occasional small earthworm .
generally peaceful though it may predate on smaller fishes and is somewhat timid so does not compete well with much larger , robust or otherwise boisterous species .
peaceful , comparably - sized cyprinids , loaches and other catfishes perhaps constitute the best options but be sure to research your choices thoroughly prior to purchase .
k . macrocephalus is gregarious and tends to form schools so ideally four or more specimens should be purchased .
adult males are noticeably slimmer than females and the posterior edge of the pectoral - fin spine is serrated ( vs . smooth in females ) .
this species is also referred to as ‘false glass catfish’ , ‘mottled glass catfish’ or ‘tawny glass catfish’ .
roberts ( 1989 ) discusses the existence of striped and mottled colour forms but investigation is apparently required to establish whether these are conspecific or not .
the congener k . piperatus is very similar but has a colour pattern comprising a pale brown body with scattered dark spots vs . prominent dark brown spots or stripes in k . macrocephalus .
ferraris , c . j . , jr . , 2007 - zootaxa 1418 : 1 - 628 checklist of catfishes , recent and fossil ( osteichthyes : siluriformes ) , and catalogue of siluriform primary types .
parenti , l . r . and k . k . p . lim , 2005 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement 13 : 175 - 208 fishes of the rajang basin , sarawak , malaysia .
roberts , t . r . , 1989 - memoirs of the california academy of sciences no . 14 : i - xii + 1 - 210 the freshwater fishes of western borneo ( kalimantan barat , indonesia ) .
tan , h . h . and h . h . ng , 2000 - journal of natural history 34 ( 2 ) : 267 - 303 the catfishes ( teleostei : siluriformes ) of central sumatra .
asia : mekong and chao phraya basins ; malay peninsula , sumatra and borneo .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 15 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 27732 )
anal soft rays : 55 - 68 . rudimentary dorsal fin ; the maxillary barbels reaching to the anal fin ; 55 - 68 anal rays ( ref . 27732 ) . dorsal profile arched with a nuchal concavity ; pectoral - fin length greater than head length ( ref . 12693 ) .
inhabits large rivers with turbid waters ( ref . 27732 ) . reported to prefer fast flowing water and usually occurs along the shores ( ref . 56749 ) . enters flooded fields ( ref . 12975 ) . found in lowland streams to peat adjacent in large school up to 100 fish ( ref . 57235 ) . diurnal . feeds mostly on pelagic hemipterans and some small fishes ( ref . 12693 ) , also on worms , crustaceans and insects ( ref . 7020 ) . the clearest body of world ' s fish ( ref . 57235 ) . used to make prahoc or fish sauce and regularly seen in the aquarium trade ( ref . 12693 ) . aquarium keeping : at least 10 individuals ; minimum aquarium size 100 cm ( ref . 51539 , 57235 ) .
kottelat , m . , 1998 . fishes of the nam theun and xe bangfai basins , laos , with diagnoses of twenty - two new species ( teleostei : cyprinidae , balitoridae , cobitidae , coiidae and odontobutidae ) . ichthyol . explor . freshwat . 9 ( 1 ) : 1 - 128 . ( ref . 27732 )
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 63 se ; based on food items .
though not suitable for beginners , this unusual and delicate catfish can be cared for by hobbyists with basic fishkeeping skills . especially important are high water quality and adequate diet . lots of water changes and live or frozen foods will help ensur
a heavily planted tank with peaceful tankmates that are much smaller than the catfish is ideal . glass catfish are unable to deal with aggression , and they cannot compete well for food . small tetras and rasboras are perfect tankmates . the more cover ( plant
frequent feedings of small live invertebrates are the best diet for these fish . they will also take frozen foods and will learn to accept high - quality flakes and tiny pellets . although they have tiny mouths and require food in very small pieces , they are
truly a transparent fish , this animal’s bones and internal organs are all visible—even its beating heart ! when light hits at the right angle , the fish displays an iridescence .
this is a most unusual catfish . it is a diurnal , shy , transparent fish that dwells in midwater and is an obligate schooler . a heavily planted tank with some open space will bring out the best of these animals . they may hide for several days when first introduced , and they are quick to dive into the thickets when disturbed . they can become quite bold , however , at feeding time . it is very common to find the entire school identically aligned , heading into currents , shimmying to stay in place . often purchased as a novelty , this fascinating fish holds your interest with its interesting behaviors .


the lake rukwa minnow ( raiamas moorii ) is a species of ray-finned fish in the cyprinidae family .

it is found in lake tanganyika , lake kivu , and lake rukwa in burundi , the democratic republic of the congo , rwanda , tanzania , and zambia .

its natural habitats are rivers , freshwater lakes , freshwater marshes , and inland deltas .

lake rukwa minnow

the lake rukwa minnow is a species of ray - finned fish in the cyprinidae family .
africa : lake tanganyika , lake kivu ( ref . 2801 ) and lake rukwa ( ref . 27292 )
africa : lake tanganyika ( ref . 2801 ) , lake kivu ( ref . 2801 ) and lake rukwa ( ref . 27292 ) . ;
africa : lake tanganyika , lake kivu ( ref . 2801 ) and lake rukwa ( ref . 27292 ) . in the lukuga river ( lake tanganyika outflow ) , known up to niemba ( ref . 93587 ) .
endemic to lake tanganyika and the lake kivu systems linked by the rusizi . it is found in the streams and rivers flowing into these lakes , including the malagarasi . also found in lake rukwa .
this species contribution to the fisheries catch compositions in lake rukwa declined from 1 . 77 % in 1977 ( bernacsek 1980 ) to less than 0 . 3 % by 1994 ( fish . div . 1994 ) . similarly cpue has declined from 0 . 2 tons / vessel in 1977 to less than 0 . 1 tons / vessel in 1994 ( fish . div . 1994 , 1977 ) . the lake rukwa population has therefore declined by about 50 % . it is still common in fishery catches in inshore waters of lakes tanganyika and kivu and in the lower parts of rivers rusizi and malagarasi .
found in sandy bays of lakes and rivers ( eccles 1992 ) where it feeds on smaller fishes and insects . in the rukwa drainage it is found in lake itself and in the rivers entering the lake , but prefers the latter habitat ( seegers 1996 ) . it migrates up the rivers to spawn ( seegers 1996 ) . feeds on small fish fry and , in the rivers , probably also on insects and other small animals ( seegers 1996 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )
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freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 6 . 5 - 7 . 5 ; dh range : 12 - ? . tropical ; 24°c - 26°c ( ref . 2059 ) ; 2°s - 8°s
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 22 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7021 )
lévêque , c . and j . daget , 1984 . cyprinidae . p . 217 - 342 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . orstom , paris and mrac , tervuren . vol . 1 . ( ref . 2801 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00513 ( 0 . 00268 - 0 . 00982 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 2 . 90 - 3 . 24 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( k = 0 . 7 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 20 of 100 ) .
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, ph range : 6 . 5 - 7 . 5 , dh range : 12 environment .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1 jorrit h . poelen , james d . simons and chris j . mungall . ( 2014 ) . global biotic interactions : an open infrastructure to share and analyze species - interaction datasets . ecological informatics .
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