the bocaccio , sebastes paucispinis , is a northeast pacific species in the sebastidae ( rockfish ) family .

other names for this species include salmon grouper , grouper , tom cod ( juveniles ) , and slimy .

in greek , sebastes means “ magnificent , ” and paucispinis is latin for “ few spines ” .

bocaccio rockfish

information on the bocaccio rockfish is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the reported catch of bocaccio rockfish in the bc bottom trawl fishery by trawl management area is shown below .
the seasonal depth distribution of bocaccio rockfish catch in the bc bottom trawl fishery from 1996 to 2003 is shown below .
diet juvenile bocaccio feed on larvae , euphausiids , young rockfish , surf perch , mackerel and numerous small inshore fishes . adults feed on other rockfish , sablefish , anchovies , lanternfish and squid .
this is an adult bocaccio off photographed off southern california by remotely operated vehicle .
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- body dark gray dorsally , light ventrally ; gill rakers 33 - 36 ( 28 - 31 in bocaccio ) ; dorsal rays typically 15 - 17 ( 13 - 15 in bocaccio ) ; scales below lateral line 58 - 70 ( 72 - 90 in bocaccio ) .
bocaccio also benefitted from several good year classes , when survival rates for young fish improved .
stocks of bocaccio and the darkblotched rockfish have been rebuilt after years of conservation restrictions to protect populations knocked down by a combination of poor ocean conditions and overfishing .
bocaccio is one of at least 35 species of rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) found in british columbia . adults can be olive - orange to brown in colour . when less than 25 centimetres in length , young bocaccio are light bronze with small brown spots on their sides . their colour darkens and their spots disappear as they grow . these fish can be distinguished from other rockfish by their long lower jaw . bocaccio is one of the largest rockfish species and can reach almost one metre in length . other common names for bocaccio include : rock salmon , salmon rockfish , pacific red snapper , pacific snapper , oregon red snapper , oregon snapper , and longjaw .
commercial groundfish fisheries are the largest known threat to bocaccio . like other rockfish species , bocaccio have swim bladders which cannot adjust to the sudden changes in pressure that occur when fishing gear brings them to the surface . bocaccio accidentally caught in fisheries die when they are brought up from depths greater than about 25 to 30 metres . other research suggests that bocaccio are also potentially threatened with habitat destruction caused by the long - term use of fishing gear on the ocean floor .
noaa fisheries and the council also developed rebuilding plans for lingcod , canary rockfish , cowcod , pacific ocean perch , widow rockfish , and yelloweye rockfish . the plans required sharp reductions in commercial and recreational groundfish fisheries , which included widespread fishing closures through the establishment of rockfish conservation areas off the west coast .
seven of the 10 west coast groundfish species found to be overfished since about 2000 are now rebuilt , with noaa fisheries declaring bocaccio and darkblotched rockfish rebuilt ahead of schedule earlier this month .
interannual variation in pelagic juvenile rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) abundance—going with the flow
for fishermen and seafood lovers , there is good news about two species of rockfish .
a management plan based on individual vessel quotas ( ivqs ) was introduced for the bc trawl fishery in 1997 . bocaccio catches are not limited by ivqs but are constrained by a 15 , 000 lb trip limit for all non - quota rockfish combined . the 2004 / 05 landed value of the bocaccio fishery is $ 230 , 000 .
the bocaccio , a rockfish that can grow up to 3 feet in length and live for a half century , was declared to be overfished in the 200 - mile federally managed zone back in 1999 . the smaller darkblotched rockfish , which can live for more than a century , got the designation in 2000 .
bocaccio have a long lifespan , with a maximum age of at least 57 years and an average generation time is 20 years .
range bocaccio is found throughout the coastal waters of the eastern pacific ocean from the gulf of alaska south to baja california mexico .
tiger rockfish ( sebastes nigrocinctus ) . photo by chad king of the sanctuary integrated monitoring program .
status of bocaccio , sebastes paucispinis , in the conception , monterey and eureka inpfc areas for 2015 . portland , or : pacific fishery management council
in 2004 , fisheries and oceans canada worked with the commercial fishing industry to develop a conservation program for bocaccio . this program required that all the profits earned from catching bocaccio be directed to programs that support recovery of the species , and began trawl surveys to improve knowledge of bocaccio and other pacific groundfish . it also implemented measures to manage fishery impacts such as setting a total allowable catch and specific fishery limits for bocaccio caught and through restricting the number of groundfish trawl licences . recovery of the species is also assisted through monitoring of groundfish fisheries which maintains accountability and monitoring for bycatch species .
an evaluation of the effectiveness of rockfish conservation areas in british columbia , canada . the university of british columbia
mitigation of impacts caused by bottom - contact fishing through management tools may also provide some support for bocaccio recovery . for example , fisheries act closures to protect sensitive benthic areas , marine protected areas , and rockfish conservation areas enable management of bottom - contact fishing to protect groundfish and marine habitat . it is unclear if these areas will benefit bocaccio recovery , but they may provide some protection for the species and its habitat .
2001 . california department of fish and wildlife marine region gis lab . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult bocaccio rockfish ( sebastes paucispinis ) . the process of creating this shapefile . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
“by working together , we’ve brought bocaccio and darkblotched rockfish back to where they will again be part of a sustainable west coast groundfish fishery” said barry thom , regional administrator of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) fisheries west coast region , in a statement .
wdfw . 2009 . draft puget sound rockfish conservation plan . washington department of fish and wildlife , olympia , wa .
after years of conservation efforts , populations of two long - lived species of west coast rockfish have rebounded from overharvesting .
predators the main predators of juvenile bocaccio are seabirds including the least tern . the main predators of adults are marine mammals such as harbour seals and northern elephant seals .
stanley , r . d . , starr , p . and n . olsen 2004 bocaccio update . dfo science advisory secretariat research document 2004 / 027 . 64 pp .
a severe decline in the commercial passenger fishing vessel rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) catch in the southern california bight , 1980–1996
of the more than 70 species of rockfish living off the united states ' west coast , the bocaccio rockfish is one of the most endangered . while this 3 - foot fish reaches reproductive age sooner than many overfished species - - as early as four to five years - - its larvae have a very low survival rate . changes in ocean currents and temperature since the 1970s mean that large numbers of bocaccio larvae live to become juveniles only once every 20 years . in response to their dwindling numbers , the united states closed several fisheries along the west coast in 2002 . but even without trawling in these areas , scientists believe it could take 100 years for bocaccio populations to recover . with such significant challenges to recovery , the iucn has listed the species as critically endangered .
there are dozens of species of rockfish and other fish harvested in the west coast groundfish harvests managed through the pacific fishery management council and noaa fisheries . ten species were declared overharvested under federal definitions . with the latest two darkblotched and bocaccio , seven of these fish populations are now considered to be rebuilt .
table 1 . summary of the status of rockfish stocks in puget sound ( wdfw ) ( palsson et al . 2009 ) .
cosewic . 2013 . cosewic assessment and status report on the bocaccio sebastes paucispinis in canada . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada . ottawa . xi + 49 pp .
the rebuilding successes continued . in 2012 a new stock assessment found that widow rockfish was rebuilt , which allowed for additional harvest and helped increase the fleet’s access to other healthy groundfish species . further assessments led to a declaration in 2015 that petrale sole and canary rockfish were rebuilt . that was particularly significant because limitations on canary rockfish also restricted access to other more abundant and healthy groundfish stocks .
bocaccio are found in the northeastern pacific ocean , occurring from the gulf of alaska to central baja california in mexico . in canada , bocaccio are found mainly offshore although they have occasionally been found closer to inshore waters such as the strait of georgia , juan de fuca strait , and queen charlotte strait . bocaccio in canada have experienced a sharp decline over the last 60 years , and has declined by 28 % in the 10 - year period since it was first assessed by cosewic . the current population is estimated to be over 400 , 000 individuals .
stout , h . a . , b . b . mccain , r . d . vetter , t . l . builder , w . h . lenarz , l . l . johnson , and r . d . methot . 2001 . status review of copper rockfish , quillback rockfish and brown rockfish in puget sound , washington . noaa technical memo , u . s . department of commerce .
harvey , c . j . , k . gross , v . h . simon , and j . hastie . 2008 . trophic and fishery interactions between pacific hake and rockfish : effect on rockfish population rebuilding times . marine ecology progress series 365 : 165 - 176 .
rockfish form a diverse assemblage of fish in puget sound and throughout their range . in puget sound , rockfish have abundances decreased substantially since quantitative monitoring began in the 1970s . these declines have resulted in the federal listing of three species under the endangered species act . because of their diversity in habitat use , ecology and life history , single - species approaches to rockfish management in puget sound are currently being considered .
table 2 . proposed species of interest , habitats and reason for their selections in the draft puget sound rockfish management plant ( wdfw ) .
life history aspects of 19 rockfish species ( scorpaenidae : sebastes ) from the southern california bight . noaa technical report national marine fisheries service 87
rebuilding plans remain in place for the three remaining overfished species : cowcod , pacific ocean perch , and yelloweye rockfish . all three are on track with their plans , with cowcod estimated to be rebuilt by 2020 , pacific ocean perch by 2051 , and yelloweye rockfish by 2074 .
a new management plan has recently been proposed by wdfw which outlines several possible management options for rockfish in puget sound and is currently under review ( wdfw 2009 ) . one of the key components of this plan is the recommendation that quillback , copper , black , yelloweye , bocaccio , canary and puget sound rockfish be managed as individual species due to their importance to recreational fisheries , conservation concerns , or ecological importance ( wdfw 2009 ) ( table 2 ) . in addition to these proposed changes in management , there are currently 16 marine reserves throughout puget sound that include the rocky habitat thought to be beneficial for rockfish .
although rockfish larvae are pelagic , there is genetic evidence for limited dispersal within puget sound for the quillback ( s . maliger ) and copper ( s . caurinus ) rockfish ( seeb 1998 ) as well as for differentiation from coastal populations of brown rockfish ( s . auriculatus ) ( buonaccorsi et al . 2002 ) . this degree of population structure is consistent with other genetic and otolith studies from coastal pacific rockfish populations ( cope 2004 , miller et al . 2005 , burford 2009 ) . because of these findings , populations of each species of rockfish in the northern and southern portions of puget sound are recognized by wdfw to be separate stocks ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 1 ) .
bocaccio are more susceptible to overfishing because of the species’ life history characteristics , such as late maturity and variable recruitment . as with most other rockfish , offspring survival is variable from year to year . it is dependent on density of adults and ideal environmental conditions . life history characteristics such as these reduce the species’ ability to recover from decline .
krieger kj ( 1993 ) distribution and abundance of rockfish determined from a submersible and by bottom trawling . fish bull 91 ( 1 ) : 87–96 .
the study used calcofi data to examine larval numbers of 15 rockfish species inside and outside two large protected areas southwest of los angeles called cowcod conservation areas ( ccas ) , designated by noaa fisheries in 2001 at the recommendation of the pacific fishery management council . the ccas prohibit fishing deeper than 110 feet , since many adult rockfish species live at such depths . therefore , the 4 , 300 - square - mile areas protect numerous species of rockfish in addition to cowcod .
scientists found that larvae of most of the rockfish species historically targeted by fishing increased throughout southern california waters , but especially within the protected conservation areas . species that were not historically fished increased at about the same rate both inside and outside the protected areas , indicating that rockfish spawning was high within the protected areas .
green km , starr rm ( 2011 ) movements of small adult black rockfish : implications for the design of mpas . mar ecol prog ser 436 : 219–230 .
description : bocaccio have an elongate body type and are laterally compressed . they have a head that is pointed , a large mouth , and a lower jaw with a knob on the end ( symphyseal knob ) that greatly protrudes beyond the upper jaw . underwater , adult color varies from shades of pink to pink - brown , grey or red that extends down over the belly . after capture the colors are brighter , usually reddish brown . young fish are generally light bronze with speckling over the sides and back . as bocaccio age , their color generally becomes darker and the speckling fades . this is a large rockfish species .
figure 1 . map of puget sound showing north sound and south sound designations relevant to rockfish management ( reprinted from palsson et al . 2009 with permission from . )
williams gd , levin ps , palsson wa ( 2010 ) rockfish in puget sound : an ecological history of exploitation . mar policy 34 ( 5 ) : 1010–1020 .
the research published in royal society open science shows that protecting important ocean habitat promotes the long - term recovery of rockfish such as cowcod and bocaccio that have long been a staple of west coast fishermen . favorable ocean conditions also played a role , according to the study by scientists from noaa fisheries ' southwest fisheries science center ( swfsc ) , university of san diego , and the university of massachusetts amherst .
berkeley , s . a . 2006 . pacific rockfish management : are we circling the wagons around the wrong paradigm ? bulletin of marine science 78 : 655 - 667 .
boccaccio larvae and young - of - the - year ( age 0 fish ) live in the upper layers of the ocean for several months . they then settle to bottom habitats in nearshore areas where they form schools . as juveniles mature into adults ( around 7 years ) , they move offshore to greater depths . adult bocaccio are usually found above rocky bottoms between 60 to 340 metres deep . recent science has found that adult bocaccio may also prefer coral and sponge reefs as habitat .
using the abundances and trends from all available fishery - independent data , palsson et al . ( 2009 ) classified each rockfish species as healthy , precautionary , vulnerable or depleted . these status categories are based on those used by the american fisheries society ( musick 1999 ) . for the two rockfish species for which demographic data were most available ( quillback and copper rockfish ) , designations were made based on current spawners per recruit ( spr ) relative to 1970s spr ( proxy for an unfished population ) and 1999 spr ( palsson et al . 2009 ) .
researchers examined trends from 1998 to 2013 in eight species that were historically fished and seven that were not . the same period brought largely cool ocean conditions , which support increased rockfish reproduction .
longevity and mortality bocaccio are difficult to age and thus the maximum age of bocaccio is unknown but radiometric dating of the ear bones has suggested a maximum of 50 years . little is known about the mortality of younger ages . estimates of the natural mortality rate vary between 14 - 22 % per year . this implies that it would take between 12 – 20 years for 95 % of fish of the same age to die of natural causes . age - at - maturity and maximum age imply a generation time of about 10 years .
both cowcod and bocaccio are overfished stocks that are being rebuilt under the federal west coast groundfish fishery management plan that is administered by the pacific fishery management council . in fact , the cowcod conservation areas where no fishing can occur deeper than 20 fathoms ( ~ 37 meters ) , was created to help recover cowcod populations , which are found from about 70 - 350 meters in depth , primarily in the southern california bight . bocaccio are found coast - wide , from british columbia into mexico , from 20 - 250 meters in depth .
parker sj , berkeley sa , golden jt , gunderson dr , heifetz j , hixon ma , et al . ( 2000 ) management of pacific rockfish . fisheries 25 ( 3 ) : 22–30 .
although this was the first study to examine rockfish dynamics in association with the ccas , short - term studies also suggest that the ccas benefit rockfish populations . a larval survey in 2005 using the same techniques as the current work but with finer - scale sampling showed that species richness and the abundance of targeted rockfishes was higher within than outside of the ccas [ 26 ] . similarly , submersible surveys in 2012 encountered cowcod with greater frequency within than outside of the ccas [ 25 ] . in addition , abundances of recently hatched , but not older , larval bocaccio were concentrated around the relatively shallow banks within the eastern cca [ 24 ] . although we did not detect an interaction between year and cca for bocaccio , abundances were higher within than outside of paired cca stations in all but two years . these studies and ours indicate that the ccas were positioned in locations that are well suited to protect and facilitate the recovery of many rockfishes in southern california .
cope , j . m . 2004 . population genetics and phylogeography of the blue rockfish ( sebastes mystinus ) from washington to california . canadian journal of fisheries & aquatic sciences 61 : 332 - 342 .
mitamura h , uchida k , miyamoto y , arai n , kakihara t , yokota t , et al . ( 2009 ) preliminary study on homing , site fidelity , and diel movement of black rockfish
this video shows a large school of cowcod and bocaccio rockfish found at 89 meters . the footage was taken using a remotely operated vehicle ( rov ) at forty - three fathom bank in the cowcod conservation area off of san diego , ca , by scientists at the southwest fisheries science center . the red dots in the video are produced by two parallel lasers attached to the rov . the lasers are exactly 10 cm apart , and the scientists use them to help estimate the size of fish underwater .
both bocaccio and darkblotched give live birth to their young , rather than lay eggs . year to year , there are huge swings in the number of young that survive to become part of the fishery . and , researchers initially underestimated the extent to which populations could rebound from low levels , according to hastie .
lucero , y . 2009 . a multivariate stock - recruitment function for cohorts with sympatric subclasses : application to maternal effects in rockfish ( genus sebastes ) . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 66 : 557 - 564 .
hannah rw , rankin ps ( 2011 ) site fidelity and movement of eight species of pacific rockfish at a high - relief rocky reef on the oregon coast . n am j fish manage 31 ( 3 ) : 483–494 .
west coast rockfish species in deep collapse only 20 years ago have multiplied rapidly in large marine protected areas off southern california , likely seeding surrounding waters with enough offspring to offer promise of renewed fishing , a new study has found .
gary greene h , o’connell vm and brylinsky ck ( 2011 ) tectonic and glacial related seafloor geomorphology as possible demersal shelf rockfish habitat surrogates—examples along the alaskan convergent transform plate boundary . cont shelf res 31 ( 2 ) : s39–s53 .
three years ago , for example , was a great year for survival rates of young darkblotched rockfish . “the current model says 2013 was twice as big as anything we have seen in the past 30 years , ” hastie said .
caught commercially off the outer washington coast with otter - trawls , longline , and jig handline gear . rarely caught by recreational harvesters off the outer washington coast . the puget sound and georgia basin populations of bocaccio are listed as endangered under the endangered species act and recreational retention in all puget sound waters is prohibited . see : urltoken
population trends the abundance of bocaccio in bc waters is unknown . there is little directed research because of its lack of commercial importance . the population as a whole is present in all coastal waters along the edge of the continental shelf . the abundance in the outer north coast is unknown but it appears to be stable in the central coast .
burford , m . o . 2009 . demographic history , geographical distribution and reproductive isolation of distinct lineages of blue rockfish ( sebastes mystinus ) , a marine fish with a high dispersal potential . journal of evolutionary biology 22 : 1471 - 1486 .
reynolds bf , powers sp , bishop ma ( 2010 ) application of acoustic telemetry to assess residency and movements of rockfish and lingcod at created and natural habitats in prince william sound . plos one 5 ( 8 ) : e12130 . pmid : 20730090
habitat and distribution in bc , bocaccio are mainly caught along the outer pacific coast near the edge of the continental shelf , with largest catches from the northwest end of vancouver island and queen charlotte sound . they are sometimes reported from mainland inlets as well as the strait of georgia . the depth of catch is slightly shallower during summer than winter , with median depth of catch in the trawl fishery of 110 m in summer to 180 m in winter . two tagging studies conducted off the coast of california suggest that bocaccio move more during the first few years of life , and become more sedentary as they age . the amount of movement appears to drop off after they reach a length of 47 cm .
the us national marine fisheries service ( nmfs ) conducts triennial surveys and operated 7 times in canadian waters between 1980 - 2001 . these surveys led to conclusions that bocaccio biomass has declined in the vancouver inpfc region although there have been some problems using this biomass index to determine trends in abundance . another index is derived from the wcvi shrimp trawl survey that has been carried out every year since 1973 and has recorded rockfish catches since 1975 . this survey represents the longest series of biomass estimates for bocaccio in canadian waters and has shown that there was relatively low biomass in the 1970s , increasing in the mid 1980s and declining by the late 1980s , a trend that has continued to the present . again , like the nmfs survey estimates , these estimates have low precision . however , there does appear overall to be some evidence of a decline over the last two decades in southern offshore waters , and there is strong evidence for a similar decline in us waters further south .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult black rockfish ( sebastes melanops ) . the process of creating this shapefile includ . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the most common distribution for adult brown rockfish ( sebastes auriculatus ) . the process of creating this shapefil . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult calico rockfish ( sebastes dalli ) . the process of creating this shapefile included . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
fishery in bc , bocaccio are commonly caught along with several other groundfish species including pacific ocean perch , yellowtail rockfish and canary rockfish . in recent years , their occurrence appeared to be relatively predictable in both time and space . current commercial catches are low , as are the sport and first nations catches . they currently make up less than 1 % of the commercial trawl landings , but there is a small amount of targeting for boccacio . commercial trawl catch is almost zero in the strait of georgia . there is a small hook - and - line catch as well as discarding in the commercial hook - and - line fisheries for halibut , zn and schedule ii . the population s in bc are contiguous with those in washington state ; therefore it is possible that catches in the us may impact the bc population s . at this time however , this is unlikely to be an issue as us landings are very low due to restrictive trip limits .
the results on the water column use indicate that s . schlegelii are mainly found at an average depth of 20 . 90 m ( ranging from 16 m to 31 m ) . s . schlegelii is a demersal rockfish and remained closer to the bottom for a large portion of the tracking period in our study ( table 4 ) . in another study , the black rockfish sebastes melanops also remained close to the bottom ; the proposed explanation for this behavior was that it enabled fish to avoid the water turbulence from wave action and storm activity [ 41 ] .
both commercial and recreational catches of rockfishes have substantially declined since the mid 1980s and 1990s in both the north and south puget sound ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 2 ) . bottom trawl survey data also show declines in the harvested species of rockfishes ; the two species that have increased over time ( redstripe rockfish , s . proriger and puget sound rockfish , s . emphaeus ) are smaller - bodied fish that are not harvested ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 3 ) . the estimated spr ratios for copper and quillback rockfish in the north and south sound have also declined dramatically from 1970s to 1999 in both the north and south sounds ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 4 ) . this metric is important because it reflects the effect of fishing pressure on the reproductive capacity of a harvested population .
boccacio are caught at depths between 60 - 340 m during bottom trawling while midwater trawl catches tend to occur over bottom depths of 60 - 200 m . incidental catches in midwater trawling occur when yellowtail ( sebastes flavidus ) and widow rockfish ( s . entomelas ) are targeted in the fishery .
citation : zhang y , xu q , alós j , liu h , xu q , yang h ( 2015 ) short - term fidelity , habitat use and vertical movement behavior of the black rockfish sebastes schlegelii as determined by acoustic telemetry . plos one 10 ( 8 ) : e0134381 . urltoken
buonaccorsi , v . p . , c . a . kimbrell , e . a . lynn , and r . d . vetter . 2002 . population structure of copper rockfish ( sebastes caurinus ) reflects postglacial colonization and contemporary patterns of larval dispersal . canadian journal of fisheries & aquatic sciences 59 : 1375 .
range / habitat : bocaccio are found from stepovak bay , alaska peninsula , to punta blanca , baja california . this species was once common on steep walls in portions of puget sound , now they are very rare . they have been found at water depths ranging from 12 to 478 m ( 40 - 1 , 578 ft ) , but tend to be most abundant from 50 to 250 m ( 165 - 825 ft ) in depth .
miller , j . a . , m . a . banks , d . gomez - uchida , and a . l . shanks . 2005 . a comparison of population structure in black rockfish ( sebastes melanops ) as determined with otolith microchemistry and microsatellite dna . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 62 : 2189 - 2198 .
our work strongly indicates that the ccas have been effective in facilitating the recovery of multiple targeted rockfish species and supports the effectiveness of establishing and regularly monitoring long - term mpas . given that augmenting larval output is the primary mechanism by which mpas can benefit fisheries , this study provides an example of how larval monitoring can be used to assess mpa efficacy .
habitat enhancement via the deployment of ars has been a widely used management and conservation tool worldwide [ 86 , 87 ] . there is strong evidence that the implementation of ars increases the local abundance of fishes by various mechanisms , creating a mating / spawning area , increasing fish growth and survival of juveniles , and attracting fish from outside the area [ 88 – 90 ] . ar restoration has been shown to mitigate rockfish population loss in many studies [ 91 – 93 ] and , in general , rockfish habitat utilization is closely linked to habitat complexity [ 81 ] . in fact , rockfish exhibit a strong affinity for rugged geomorphological features [ 38 , 94 , 95 ] and the heterogeneous and structured habitat of rocky substrates [ 39 , 96 , 97 ] . reynolds et al . [ 81 ] demonstrated the potential of ars to provide quality habitat for s . caurinus along the alaskan convergent transform plate boundary . the results of our study agree with these previous findings for other species , and we suggest that ars create quality habitat and serve as attractants for s . schlegelii .
this is the first research we know of to demonstrate that marine protected areas are producing high abundances of fish larvae that can seed surrounding areas ,
thompson said .
that was an important part of the vision for these areas when they were established , and it ' s rewarding that management actions are contributing to the recovery of rockfish in southern california .
from 1999 to 2002 , scientific stock surveys documented declining numbers of west coast groundfish , and the council and noaa fisheries took action by declaring them overfished and reducing commercial harvests . while the reductions represented sharp blows to coastal economies , fishing communities and the fishing industry recognized the importance of maintaining sustainable groundfish stocks for the long term . bocaccio , for example , was declared overfished in 1999 , but strong reproduction and recruitment combined with the fishing cutbacks helped rebuild the species five years ahead of the original target of 2022 .
many aspects of the ecology and biology of rockfish germane to their management in puget sound are not well understood . for example , ecological interactions such as predation may play important roles in determining the success of management strategies ( e . g . , beaudreau and essington 2007 , harvey et al . 2008 ) , while demographic parameters such as age structure of populations ( berkeley et al . 2004 , berkeley 2006 , lucero 2009 ) or variability in the factors that drive recruitment rates are also likely to be quite important in driving the potential for rockfish recovery . furthermore , while targeted exploitation of rockfishes in puget sound has diminished in recent years , the influence of continued threats such as pollution , altered food webs , incidental catch in recreational fisheries are not known .
the larvae of several species of rockfish that were once heavily fished increased in number within protected areas over the past decade ,
said andrew thompson , a research scientist at the swfsc in la jolla , calif .
the larvae have the potential to drift outside the protected region . that ' s good for fisheries because it can build populations beyond the protected waters too .
we processed 6717 larvae and identified 39 rockfish species throughout the time - series ( electronic supplementary material , table s1 ) . two non - targeted species , squarespot and shortbelly , were especially common , comprising over 50 % of the combined larvae ( table 1 ) . the next most abundant non - targeted species were pygmy , halfbanded , stripetail , swordspine and whitespeckled ( table 1 ) . the most abundant targeted species were bocaccio , blue , bank , speckled , olive , widow , chilipepper and copper ( table 1 ) . conversely , some species were extremely rare . for example , we detected only one individual ( not adjusting for shf ) for greenspotted ( s . chlorostictus ) , greenblotched ( s . rosenblatti ) and flag ( s . rubrivinctus ) , two individuals for calico ( s . dalli ) and yelloweye ( s . ruberrimus ) , and three for mexican ( s . macdonaldi ) ( electronic supplementary material , table s1 ) .
we would have never known this if not for the trove of data we get from those ships out on the water regularly looking at everything from temperature to , in this case , numbers of larval rockfish ,
said kristen koch , acting director of the swfsc .
we ' ve discovered this conservation success story thanks to long - term monitoring that gives us new insight into how the ocean works and changes .
we found that larval abundances of the majority of targeted rockfishes increased throughout southern california between 1998 and 2013 . the rates of increase , however , were much higher within than outside of the ccas for most of the targeted but none of the untargeted species ( figure 5 ; electronic supplementary material , table s4 ) . this indicates that the presence of the ccas is facilitating the recovery of rockfish species that were historically targeted by fishers .
six of the eight ( excluding cowcod which were quite rare ) most abundant targeted species ( copper , widow , blue , speckled , bocaccio and olive ) showed significant increases in their mean abundances across the entire region over time ( figure 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s2 ) . interestingly , although cowcod abundances were below the threshold for formal analysis , this species did significantly increase during the study ( figure 2 ) . four of the seven ( squarespot , whitespeckled and pygmy ) most abundant non - targeted species significantly or nearly significantly ( stripetail ) increased during the study ( figure 3 ; electronic supplementary material , table s2 ) .
in addition to management actions that allowed more individuals to reach maturity , environmental conditions probably contributed to the proliferation of rockfish larvae . rockfish spawning output is affected by the environment as female reproduction is reduced when food is scarce and adult energy reserves are low [ 19 ] . low spawning years typically occur during el niños when water temperature is high and primary productivity is low [ 51 , 52 ] . our logistic regression models support the idea that reproduction is higher when the water is cool as the presence of most species correlated negatively with temperature . further , we found that the water was cooler than the 30 - year average in most years between 1998 and 2013 , and it has been speculated that 1999 marked the beginning of an oceanographic shift from warm conditions that characterized the region between 1977 and 1998 [ 53 ] . therefore , environmental conditions appeared to have been generally conducive for high larval production and recruitment throughout much of the study .
parker , s . j . , s . a . berkeley , j . t . golden , d . r . gunderson , j . heifetz , m . a . hixon , r . larson , b . m . leaman , m . s . love , j . a . musick , v . m . o ' connell , s . ralston , h . j . weeks , and m . m . yoklavich . 2000 . management of pacific rockfish . fisheries 25 : 22 - 30 .
a common feature of the spatial and temporal behavior of rockfishes of the genus sebastes is that their behaviors differ between day and night [ 83 , 84 ] . this divergent behavioral pattern suggests that rockfish activity is closely related to ambient light intensity and that sunset and sunrise determine changes in behavioral state [ 38 ] . however , this pattern is not consistent among sebastes species ; some species are more active during the day , others during the night , and some exhibit no diel behavioral patterns . for example , the rosethorn rockfish sebastes helvomaculatus exhibits a clear diurnal activity pattern ( active during the day and inactive at night ) [ 85 ] . similarly , s . mystinus is more active during the day than at night , as indicated by a steep decrease in detection rates at dusk and resuming to the high level at dawn [ 38 ] . by contrast , s . inermis remains buried in rock crevices during the day but ranges between the surface and very deep depths at night [ 42 ] . in the present study , s . schlegelii was more frequently detected during the day than night , which is interpreted as a day active behavior [ 70 ] .
the probability of presence of six of the eight most abundant targeted species ( copper , widow , blue , speckled , bocaccio and olive ) correlated negatively with temperature ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 a ) . two of the seven most abundant non - targeted species ( whitespeckled and pygmy ) also had negative relationships with temperature ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 b ) . there were also significant positive relationships with chlorophyll a for copper , squarespot , shortbelly , whitespeckled and halfbanded ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) . trend direction with salinity and oxygen were inconsistent as the presence of chilipepper decreased but swordspine increased with salinity ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) . similarly , trends were positive with oxygen for blue but negative for shortbelly and halfbanded ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) .
reproduction bocaccio bear live young and produce between 20 , 000 and 230 , 000 eggs . fecundity tends to increase with increasing size of a female . copulation occurs early in the fall and larval release occurs over the winter . the larvae are 4 - 5 mm in length at parturition and metamorphose into pelagic juvenile s at 19 - 40 mm over a period of several months . the growth of juvenile s is rapid at around 0 . 56 - 0 . 97 mm per day . they can reach 24 cm in length by the end of the first year . the juvenile s settle into littoral and demersal habitat from late spring throughout the summer . young - of - the - year live near the surface for a few months and then settle in nearshore areas where they form schools over bottom depths of 30 - 120 m . adults may be semi - pelagic and are found over a variety of bottom types between bottom depths of 60 - 300 m .
adults found over rocky reefs , but also common on open bottoms to about 320 m ( ref . 2850 ) . juveniles are pelagic and settle in near shore nursery areas , then move to deeper habitats ( ref . 36715 ) . young form schools ( ref . 2850 ) . feed mainly on fishes , including other rockfishes ( ref . 2850 ) . ovoviviparous , with planktonic larvae ( ref . 36715 , 6885 , 34817 ) . validated age by radiometry is 37 yrs ( ref . 75794 ) . a famous sport fish throughout its range ( ref . 2850 ) . flesh is of excellent quality when kept chilled ( ref . 27436 ) . sold with other rockfish species ( ref . 27436 ) .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 13 - 15 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 13 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 8 - 10 ; vertebrae : 26 . a large rockfish with weak head spines - nasal and parietal spines usually absent , preocular , supraocular , postocular , tympanic , coronal and nuchal spines absent ( ref . 27437 ) . lower jaw long , thickened , with no real symphyseal knob and projects past upper jaw ; maxillary extends to behind the eye ; parietal ridges parallel ( ref . 27437 ) . caudal slightly indented ( ref . 6885 ) . olive orange to burnt orange or brown in color ( ref . 27437 ) . branchiostegal rays : 7 ( ref . 36715 ) .
in response to the decline in populations of rockfishes in southern california , ( particularly cowcod , which was formally declared overfished in 1999 [ 22 ] ) , the pacific fishery management council established two cowcod conservation areas ( ccas ) in 2001 . the ccas comprise a western and eastern area in the scb ( encompassing 10 878 km 2 and 260 km 2 , respectively ; figure 1 ) where cowcod were historically caught at high rates [ 22 ] . bottom - fishing deeper than 36 m is prohibited within the ccas as larger , targeted rockfishes typically reside below this depth . these areas are several times larger than most marine mpas that have been comprehensively studied thus far ( but see [ 23 ] ) and are the largest rockfish conservation areas in the world .
one difficulty in evaluating mpa effects has been a lack of robust sampling designs [ 15 , 16 ] . mpa impacts may be masked or misinterpreted if , for example , samples are collected only within mpa bounds without outside control locations . furthermore , inside and outside locations should be paired such that habitat conditions are similar inside and outside of mpas [ 5 ] . an ideal set - up will monitor both before and after mpa establishment to determine if sample ( e . g . fish abundances ) trajectories diverge inside and outside following placement of mpas [ 15 ] . finally , data should be collected on species that are and are not targeted by fishing to assess if mpas are affecting population dynamics of protected species [ 17 ] . we use a before - - after , control - impact paired series design [ 18 ] to quantify mpa effects on larval abundances of 15 rockfish species that were and were not historically targeted by fishing .
relatively large rockfish conservation areas ( rcas ) have also been established along the western us coast , as well as further north in canadian waters with the goal of facilitating recovery of overfished stocks . us rcas north of southern california appear to be benefitting rockfishes in addition to other demersal species as both bottom trawl [ 58 ] and hook and line surveys [ 59 ] detected significant increases in abundances since the beginning of the millennium . however , studies in canada obtained mixed results . whereas surveys in the strait of georgia indicated that these rcas positively impacted rockfishes [ 60 ] , a more comprehensive study suggested that canadian rcas have not facilitated recovery of demersal fish populations [ 61 ] . lack of compliance was a potential explanation for the canadian mpa ineffectiveness as there was no difference in fishing activity before and after establishment in most of these rcas [ 62 ] . indeed , a recent global survey found that many mpas were inadequately managed and these performed almost three times worse than equitably governed mpas [ 63 ] . it is likely that differences in management efficacy explain performance variation between the us and canadian rcas .
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species of concern are those species about which we have some concerns regarding status and threats , but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the endangered species act ( esa ) . we wish to draw proactive attention and conservation action to these species .
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status does not carry any procedural or substantive protections under the esa .
fact sheets for each species are provided on the links below . note : species of concern can also be
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atlantic - cape breton , nova scotia , to st . john ' s river , fl ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , aug 2013 , 78 fr 48943 )
indo - pacific - red sea and east africa to the line islands and samoa ; north to yaeyama , south to the great barrier reef and new caledonia ; paulau , caroline , mariana in micronesia ; in u . s . it occurs in guam , american samoa , cnmi and the pacific remote island areas ( wake islands ) . ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , nov 2012 , 77 fr 66799 ) .
indo - pacific - red sea to the tuamotus , north to the ryukyus , east to wake islands , south to new caledonia , throughout micronesia ; includes u . s . territories of guam and american samoa ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , sept 2014 , 79 fr 57875 )
pacific - sitka island , alaska to baja california , mexico . ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , dec 2014 , 79 fr 77998 ) .
* nmfs reviewed the status of this species as a result of a petition to list it under the endangered species act . while esa listing was determined to not be warranted , nmfs retained this species on the species of concern list .
the following species were removed from species of concern list because they were either listed under the endangered species act ( esa ) or concerned about their status were removed because of new information and completion of a species of concern status report .
the proactive species conservation grant program supports voluntary conservation efforts designed to conserve marine and anadromous species before listing under the endangered species act ( esa ) becomes necessary . through this grant program , nmfs will provide federal assistance , in the form of grants or cooperative agreements , to support conservation efforts for species it has identified as species of concern ( soc ) .
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information on other grant opportunities offered by office of protected resources is also available .
body color : olive - brown dorsally becoming pink to red ventrally ; specimens less than 10 inches ( 25 cm ) w / small brown spots on sides .
- anus midway between pelvic - fin base and anal - fin origin ; maxilla extends to midorbit ; head spine count differs ; maximum length 32 cm .
- maxilla extends to midorbit , symphyseal knob present ; body red w / whitish belly ; head spine count differs .
this species is under consideration for listing as endangered under the federal species at risk act ( sara ) . more information about sara , including how it protects individual species , is available on the species at risk public registry . additionally , fisheries protection and pollution prevention provisions of the fisheries act provide protection to this species .


it was described by hampson in 1893 .

the wingspan is about 40 mm .

the forewings are dull brown suffused with fuscous and with traces of numerous waved dark lines .

there is a pale speck below the median nervure near the base and an indistinct dark spot on the discocellulars , as well as a pale patch at the apex .

the hindwings are pale fuscous with an indistinct paler band just beyond the middle .

paragnorima fuscescens

this is the place for paragnorima definition . you find here paragnorima meaning , synonyms of paragnorima and images for paragnorima copyright 2017 © urltoken
palimpsestis brunnea leech , 1900 syn . n . of paragnorima fuscescens ( hampson , [ 1893 ] )
haplothyatira unipunctata dubitatrix bryk , 1943 , syn . n . of paragnorima fuscescens ( hampson , [ 1893 ] )
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word paragnorima . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word paragnorima and , of course , paragnorima synonyms and on the right images related to the word paragnorima .
paragnorima fuscescens is a moth in the drepanidae family . it was described by hampson in 1893 . it is found in india , nepal , china ( sichuan , yunnan , tibet ) , vietnam , thailand and burma .
figures 73 – 79 . genitalia of thyatiridae from yunnan . 82 – 85 . male ( left : posterior view ; right : phallus , lateral view ) . 77 , 78 , 79 . female , ventral view . 73 . parapsestis naxii sp . n . , holotype ; 74 . parapsestis tachengensis sp . n . , holotype ; 75 . parapsestis tomponis almasderes lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 76 . paragnorima fuscescens hampson , [ 1893 ] ; 77 . gaurena margaritha werny , 1966 ; 78 . macrothyatira fasciata ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 79 . isopsestis meyi lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 .
figures 32 – 42 . adults of thyatiridae from yunnan , upperside . 32 . parapsestis tachengensis sp . n . , holotype , male ; 33 . parapsestis tomponis almasderes lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , male ; 34 . paragnorima fuscescens hampson , [ 1893 ] , male ; 35 . gaurena margaritha werny , 1966 , female ; 36 . macrothyatira fasciata ( houlbert , 1921 ) , female ; 37 . isopsestis meyi lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , female ; 38 . psidopala undulans ( hampson , [ 1893 ] ) , female ; 39 . mimopsestis basalis sinensis lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , female ; 40 . parapsestis . . .
figures 32 – 42 . adults of thyatiridae from yunnan , upperside . 32 . parapsestis tachengensis sp . n . , holotype , male ; 33 . parapsestis tomponis almasderes lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , male ; 34 . paragnorima fuscescens hampson , [ 1893 ] , male ; 35 . gaurena margaritha werny , 1966 , female ; 36 . macrothyatira fasciata ( houlbert , 1921 ) , female ; 37 . isopsestis meyi lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , female ; 38 . psidopala undulans ( hampson , [ 1893 ] ) , female ; 39 . mimopsestis basalis sinensis lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 , female ; 40 . parapsestis naxii sp . n . , paratype , female ; 41 . parapsestis tachengensis sp . n . , paratype , female ; 42 . betapsestis brevis ( leech , 1900 ) , female .
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zhuang , hailing , yago , masaya , owada , mamoru & wang , min , 2017 , taxonomic review of the moth family thyatiridae ( lepidoptera ) from yunnan province , china , zootaxa 4306 ( 4 ) , pp . 451 - 477 : 463
, [ 1893 ] , the fauna of british india , moths 1 : 182 ( tl : naga hills , india , [ bmnh ] ) .
, transactions of the entomological society of london 1900 : 18 ( tl : pu - tsu - fong , china [ bmnh ] ) .
, in oberthür , études de lépidoptérologie comparée 18 ( 2 ) : 115 , pl . 488 , fig . 4010 ( tl : lachin lachoong , sikkim , india [ bmnh ] ) .
, arkiv för zoologi 34a : 13 , pl . 2 , fig . 25 ( tl : kambaiti , burma [ = myanmar ] [ nrs
material examined . 1 male , 27 . vii . 2013 , alt . 2 , 340 m , midu , yunnan , leg . hailing zhuang , slide no . scau - thy048 .
distribution . china ( sichuan , yunnan , tibet ) , india , nepal , myanmar , vietnam , thailand .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
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attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
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this dataset contains the digitized treatments in plazi based on the original journal article zhuang , hailing , yago , masaya , owada , mamoru , wang , min ( 2017 ) : taxonomic review of the moth family thyatiridae ( lepidoptera ) from yunnan province , china . zootaxa 4306 ( 4 ) : 451 - 477 , doi : urltoken
figures 85 – 93 . adults and genitalia of toxoides sichuanensis zhuang , owada & wang , 2014 . 85 , 86 . male , upperside , hubei ; 87 . ditto , hunan ; 88 . female , upperside , yunnan ; 89 , 90 . male genitalia , hubei ; 91 . ditto , hunan ; 92 . female genitalia , hunan ; 93 . ditto , yunnan . 87 , 91 , 92 . after jiang et al . ( 2015 ) .
figures 80 – 84 . female genitalia of thyatiridae from yunnan , ventral view . 80 . psidopala undulans ( hampson , [ 1893 ] ) ; 81 . mimopsestis basalis sinensis lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 82 . parapsestis naxii sp . n . , paratype ; 83 . parapsestis tachengensis sp . n . , paratype ; 84 . betapsestis brevis ( leech , 1900 ) .
figures 63 – 72 . male genitalia of thyatiridae ( left : posterior view ; right : phallus , lateral view ) . 63 . psidopala opalescens ( alphéraky , 1897 ) ; 64 . psidopala ornata ( leech , 1900 ) ; 65 . habrosyne dentata werny , 1966 ; 66 . habrosyne intermedia conscripta warren , 1912 ; 67 . habrosyne indica indica moore , 1867 ; 68 . habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta hampson , [ 1893 ] ; 69 . hiroshia albinigra lászló , ronkay & ronkay , 2001 ; 70 . parapsestis argenteopicta nepalina lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 71 . parapsestis lichenea splendida lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , . . .
figures 53 – 62 . male genitalia of thyatiridae from yunnan ( left : posterior view ; right : phallus , lateral view ) . 53 . tethea ( tethea ) punctorenalia ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 54 . tethea ( tethea ) subampliata ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 55 . toxoides sichuanensis zhuang , owada & wang , 2014 ; 56 . euparyphasma albibasis guankaiyuni lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 57 . euparyphasma obscura ( sick , 1941 ) ; 58 . neotogaria hoenei ( sick , 1941 ) ; 59 . horipsestis aenea minor ( sick , 1941 ) ; 60 . horipsestis kisvaczak lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 61 . horipsestis minutus . . .
figures 43 – 52 . male genitalia of thyatiridae from yunnan ( left : posterior view ; right : phallus , lateral view ) . 43 . thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966 ; 44 . horithyatira decorata decorata ( moore , 1881 ) ; 45 . gaurena florens walker , 1865 ; 46 . gaurena gemella leech , 1900 ; 47 . gaurena pretiosa werny , 1966 ; 48 . macrothyatira arizana diminuta ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 49 . macrothyatira subaureata ( sick , 1941 ) ; 50 . tethea ( saronaga ) consimilis aurisigna ( bryk , 1943 ) ; 51 . tethea ( tethea ) fusca werny , 1966 ; 52 . tethea ( saronaga ) oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 ) .
figures 15 – 31 . male adults of thyatiridae from yunnan , upperside . 15 . euparyphasma obscura ( sick , 1941 ) ; 16 . neotogaria hoenei ( sick , 1941 ) ; 17 . horipsestis aenea minor ( sick , 1941 ) ; 18 . horipsestis kisvaczak lászló , ronkay , ronkay & witt , 2007 ; 19 . horipsestis minutus ( forbes , 1936 ) ; 20 . isopsestis poculiformis zhuang , owada & wang , 2015 ; 21 . psidopala opalescens ( alphéraky , 1897 ) ; 22 . psidopala ornata ( leech , 1900 ) ; 23 . habrosyne dentata werny , 1966 ; 24 . habrosyne intermedia conscripta warren , 1912 ; 25 . habrosyne indica indica moore , . . .
figures 1 – 14 . male adults of thyatiridae from yunnan , upperside . 1 . thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966 ; 2 . horithyatira decorata decorata ( moore , 1881 ) ; 3 . gaurena florens walker , 1865 ; 4 . gaurena gemella leech , 1900 ; 5 . gaurena pretiosa werny , 1966 ; 6 . macrothyatira arizana diminuta ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 7 . macrothyatira subaureata ( sick , 1941 ) ; 8 . tethea ( saronaga ) consimilis aurisigna ( bryk , 1943 ) ; 9 . tethea ( tethea ) fusca werny , 1966 ; 10 . tethea ( saronaga ) oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; 11 . tethea ( tethea ) punctorenalia ( houlbert , 1921 ) ; . . .
die zahlreichen expeditionen ungarischer forscherteams , die ende des 20 . jahrhunderts in die himalayaregion zu allen jahreszeiten unternommen wurden brachten aus den bisher kaum erforschten wintermonaten neben noctuidae und geometridae auch eine unerwartete fülle von material der familie thyatiridae . diese familie hat neben noctuidae und geometridae als einzige weitere heterocera - familie einen schwerpunkt des erscheinens zu dieser jahreszeit , wodurch das interesse der noctuidae - spezialisten l . und g . ronkay sowie des geometridae - spezialisten g . m . lászló geweckt wurde , dieses material , das gemäß getroffener vereinbarungen geschlossen ans museum witt gelangte , auch zu bearbeiten . die dort bereits vorhandenen materialeingänge aus angrenzenden regionen zeigten sehr schnell daß eine erschöpfende bearbeitung nur im rahmen einer gesamtrevision der familie mit typenstudium durchgeführt werden konnte , also einem vorhaben das genau den forschungszielen von thomas witt entsprach . nach etwa 10 - jähriger bearbeitungszeit erscheint nun 2007 in der buchreihe esperiana ( band 13 ) diese revision mit dem titel „the thyatiridae of eurasia including the sundaland and new guinea ( lepidoptera ) ” aus der feder des autorenteams gyula m . lászló , gábor ronkay , lászló ronkay und thomas witt . grundlage und dokumentation dieser bearbeitung bildet die sammlung im museum witt , deren bedeutung am besten im vorwort / preface zu dieser revision geschildert wird .
the present work is a result of an almost ten - years long study of the authors having rather different former interest in the lepidopterology . only one of us had previous experience on the taxonomy and systematics of the wide sense „bombycoid” families since the three hungarian authors worked with different geometridae and noctuidae groups . but the „false owlet moths” display a great number of noctuoid features which make this very fascinating lepidopteran family even more interesting for the noctuid workers .
the final impetus was given during the intensive studies of the „winter moth fauna” of the himalayan region : to our great surprise , it was found that the macrolepidoptera fauna of the cold aspects has not been restricted to the „ordinary” noctuidae and geometridae but a diverse thyatiridae assemblage is present in practically all winter aspects . moreover , it is proved that thyatiridae is the only large heterocera group which shares this long and still rather poorly explored period with the noctuidae and geometridae in the wide sense himalayan region . the best marker of the richness of this fauna is the fact that the hnhm budapest has become the second largest european thyatiridae collection in the mirror of the species numbers within six years !
originally we thought to deal with the winter genera and species and the first discoveries were published in separate papers but the need of the full revision of the family became obvious even in the early period of the studies . we had to face unsolved problems not only in the treatment of the highly specialised and partly newly discovered himalayan - sino - pacific groups but even in such well - known , partly european genera like habrosyne and thyatira ( and horithyatira , macrothyatira , gaurena etc . ) . it should be stated that the lack of the proper investigations of an amazingly large portion of the type specimens led to several mistakes in the former and the rather recent monographic works as well .
the elaboration of the monograph was unexpectedly lengthy , mostly due to the detailed examination and documentation of the type material and , the continuous discoveries of new species . a propitious moment in this long process that the technical conditions of the digital photography became increasingly better during this period , therefore the quality of our colour images and microscopic photographs could also be remarkably improved and we are able to provide impressive illustrations about these really beautiful animals . it is our pleasure to present this book to all lepidopterists , hoping that the readers will read and use it with joy and success .
gyula m . lászló , gábor ronkay , lászló ronkay and thomas j . witt
laszlo , gy . m . , g . ronkay , l . ronkay and t . witt
esperiana buchreihe zur entomologie 13 : 1 - 683 , 42 farbtafeln . schwanfeld , 18 . juli 2007 , isbn 3 - 938249 - 06 - 4 .
revised status , stat . rev . , status nova , stat . n . , bona species , bona sp . raised to species
microthyatira werny , 1966 syn . n . of nemacerota hampson , [ 1893 ]
togaria matsumura , 1921 syn . n . of nemacerota hampson , [ 1893 ]
asphalia nigrofascicula graeser , 1888 , syn . n . of neoploca arctipennis ( butler , 1878 )
cymatophora intermedia houlbert , 1921 , syn . n . of tethea or terrosa ( graeser , 1888 )
cymotrix decora gaede , 1930 syn . n . of habrona brunnea bethune - baker , 1908
cymotrix submarginalis gaede , 1930 syn . n . of habrona concinna warren , 1915
gaurena trimacula gaede , 1930 syn . n . of habrona marmorata warren , 1915
horithyatira assamensis werny , 1966 , syn . n . of horithyatira diehli werny , 1966
mimopsestis determinata bryk , 1943 syn . n . of parapsestis pseudomaculata ( houlbert , 1921 )
psidopala ebba bryk , 1943 , syn . n . of psidopala undulans ( hampson , [ 1893 ] )
psidopala pseudoornata werny , 1966 syn . n . of psidopala ornata ornata ( leech , 1900 )
spilobasis curvata sick , 1941 syn . n . of neotogaria flammifera ( houlbert , 1921 )
togaria suzukiana matsumura , 1921 syn . n . of nemacerota tancrei ( graeser , 1888 )
achlya flavicornis finmarchica schöyen , 1881 syn . n . of achlya flavicornis ( linnaeus , 1758 )
achlya flavicornis meridionalis wolfsberger , 1968 syn . n . of achlya flavicornis ( linnaeus , 1758 )
achlya longipennis inokoi inoue , 1982 syn . n . of achlya tateyamai inoue , 1982
epipsestis perornata sicki yoshimoto , 1988 syn . n of epipsestis nigropunctata nigropunctata ( sick , 1941 )
gaurena albifasciata likiangensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena margaritha werny , 1966
gaurena albifasciata nepalensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena albifasciata gaede , 1930
gaurena argentisparsa eberti werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena argentisparsa hampson , 1896
gaurena aurofasciata bryki werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena aurofasciata hampson , [ 1893 ]
gaurena florens obscura werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florens walker , 1865
gaurena florens oliva werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florens walker , 1865
gaurena florens yuennanensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florens walker , 1865
gaurena florescens albomaculata werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florescens walker , 1865
gaurena florescens burmanica werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florescens walker , 1865
gaurena gemella flavescens werny , 1966 syn . n . of gaurena florescens walker , 1865
habrosyne albipuncta szechwanensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne albipuncta angulifera ( gaede , 1930 )
habrosyne argenteipuncta burmanica werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta hampson , [ 1893 ]
habrosyne argenteipuncta chinensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne violacea violacea ( fixsen , 1887 )
habrosyne argenteipuncta nigricans werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta hampson , [ 1893 ]
habrosyne argenteipuncta pallescens werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne violacea violacea ( fixsen , 1887 )
habrosyne argenteipuncta szechwana werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta hampson , [ 1893 ]
habrosyne aurorina moellendorfi ( fixsen , 1887 ) syn . n . of habrosyne aurorina aurorina ( butler , 1881 )
habrosyne conscripta nepalensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne intermedia conscripta warren , 1912
habrosyne dieckmanni urupina bryk , 1941 syn . n . of habrosyne dieckmanni ( graeser , 1888 )
habrosyne dieckmanni roseola matsumura , 1909 syn . n . of habrosyne dieckmanni ( graeser , 1888 )
habrosyne fraterna chekiangensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne fraterna japonica werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne indica aurata werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne indica flavescens werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne indica grisea werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne indica malaisei bryk , 1943 syn . n . of habrosyne indica ( moore , 1867 )
habrosyne petrographa ( sic ! ) tapaischana werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne pterographa ( poujade , 1887 )
habrosyne pyritoides ochracea werny , 1966 syn . n . of habrosyne pyritoides derasoides ( butler , 1878 )
macrothyatira fasciata shansiensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of macrothyatira fasciata ( houlbert , 1921 )
palimpsestis duplaris kamschadalis sheljuzhko , 1926 syn . n . of ochropacha duplaris ( linnaeus , 1767 )
palimpsestis fluctosa isshikii matsumura , 1921 , syn . n . of tetheella fluctuosa ( hübner , [ 1803 ] )
psidopala ornata yuennanensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of psidopala ornata ornata ( leech , 1900 )
psidopala pseudoornata indecorata werny , 1966 syn . n . of psidopala ornata ornata ( leech , 1900 )
psidopala tenuis falkneri werny , 1966 syn . n . of psidopala tenuis ( hampson , 1896 )
stenopsestis alternata bryki yoshimoto , 1993 syn . n . of stenopsestis alternata ( moore , 1881 )
tethea akanensis koreibia bryk , 1948 syn . n . of tethea or terrosa ( graeser , 1888 )
tethea albicosta birmanica werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea albicosta ( moore , 1867 )
tethea albicostata contrastata werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea albicostata ( bremer , 1861 )
tethea albicostata japonibia werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea albicostata ( bremer , 1861 )
tethea albicostata koreonaga bryk , 1948 syn . n . of tethea albicostata ( bremer , 1861 )
tethea albicostata montana werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea albicostata ( bremer , 1861 )
tethea ampliata griseofasciata werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea ampliata shansiensis werny , 1966
tethea ampliata var . askoldensis ( houlbert , 1921 ) syn . n . of tethea ampliata ampliata ( butler , 1878 )
tethea angustata staudinger , 1885 syn . n . of tethea octogesima octogesima ( butler , 1878 )
tethea consimilis birohoensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea consimilis consimilis ( warren , 1912 )
tethea consimilis flavescens werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea consimilis consimilis ( warren , 1912 )
tethea consimilis hoenei werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea consimilis consimilis ( warren , 1912 )
tethea consimilis szechwanensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea consimilis commifera ( warren , 1912 )
tethea oberthueri chekiangensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 )
tethea oberthueri fukienensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 )
tethea oberthueri monticola bryk , 1943 syn . n . of tethea oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 )
tethea oberthueri occidentalis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea oberthueri oberthueri ( houlbert , 1921 )
tethea octogesima var . caucasica krulikowsky , 1901 , syn . n . of tethea ocularis ocularis ( linnaeus , 1767 )
tethea ocularis caucasica werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea ocularis ocularis ( linnaeus , 1767 )
tethea ocularis kosswigi werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea ocularis ocularis ( linnaeus , 1767 )
tethea ocularis orientalis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea ocularis osthelderi ( bytinski - salz & brandt , 1937 )
tethea ocularis tsinlingensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea ocularis amurensis ( warren , 1912 )
tethea or nigrescens werny , 1966 syn . n . of tethea or or ( [ denis & schiffermüller ] , 1775 )
tetheella fluctuosa isshikii ( matsumura , 1921 ) syn . n . of tetheella fluctuosa ( hübner , [ 1803 ] )
thyatira batis japonica werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis batis ( linnaeus , 1758 )
thyatira batis mandschurica werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis batis ( linnaeus , 1758 )
thyatira hedemanni elbursina werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira hedemanni christoph , 1885
thyatira rubrescens assamensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens kwangtungensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens nepalensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens obscura werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens orientalis werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens szechwana werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens tienmushana werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
thyatira rubrescens vietnamensis werny , 1966 syn . n . of thyatira batis rubrescens werny , 1966
. this doi represents all versions , and will always resolve to the latest one .


cudonigera houstonana , the juniper budworm moth , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california , kansas , mississippi , new hampshire , new jersey , new mexico , north carolina , oklahoma , tennessee and texas .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

adults have a mottled tan and brown colour pattern on their wings , resembling dead foliage of the host plant .

adults have been recorded on wing from april to november .

there are up to two generations per year .

the larvae feed on the foliage of juniperus ashei .

they construct silken tubes .

pupation occurs in the larval shelter .

the species overwinters in the larval stage .

cudonigera houstonana

choristoneura houstonana ( grote , 1873 ) was formerly in the genus cudonigera , zootaxa . 3729 ( 1 ) : 25 .
powell , j . a . & n . s . obraztsov . 1977 . cudonigera : a new genus for moths formerly assigned to choristoneura houstonana ( tortricidae ) . journal of the lepidopterists ' society , 31 ( 2 ) : 119 - 123 .
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heinrichs , e . a . 1971 . external morphology of larvae of choristoneura houstonana ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . the canadian entomologist 103 ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 .
heinrichs , e . a . & h . e . thompson . 1968 . the biology of choristoneura houstonana ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , a pest of juniperus species . canadian entomologist 100 ( 7 ) : 750 - 763 .
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photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
dombroskie , j . j . & f . a . h . sperling , 2013 . phylogeny of the tribe archipini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : tortricinae ) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures . zootaxa , 3729 ( 1 ) : 1 - 62 .
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 19 . 13f ; p . 151 . book review and ordering
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
adult - checkered with raised patches of pale rust and rose lavender scales . hindwing white .
during the spring and early summer of 2002 , an unusual outbreak of the juniper budworm was documented across the following central texas counties : travis , hayes , comal , and blanco .
ashe juniper ( juniperus ashei ) is apparently the only food in central texas for the juniper budworm . texas county range map of j . ashei per usda .
the larva of juniper budworm goes through 8 - 11 instars , or caterpillar stages , as it grows . then it changes to a pupa from which the adult moth emerges . life history studies on this insect were done in kansas where one generation per year was reported . however , records of adult moths in the texas a & m ; university insect collection indicate there are probably two generations per year in texas ( labeled specimens showed moths were collected in june and october ) .
as the larvae feed in the juniper foliage , they construct silken tubes and pupation occurs in the shelter where the larvae fed . adult moths appear shortly after pupation occurs . in kansas , larvae overwinter in the infested juniper trees , pupate in late june and july , and emerge as adult moths in july . in texas , however , the overwintering stage is not known , but it is probably the egg stage or as very young larvae .
the adult moths are about 1 / 4 - inch long and are similar to the color of dead ashe juniper foliage . they have a mottled tan and brown color pattern on their wings . they are active mostly at night and are attracted to lights . they generally remain at rest on the host plant during the day and only fly when disturbed . unless they fly , they are difficult to detect . ( texas forest service )
it is closely related and similar in appearance to the spruce budworm ( choristoneura fumiferana ) , a major defoliating insect pest of true firs in the eastern and western forests of the united states and canada .
dombroskie , j . j . & f . a . h . sperling . 2013 . phylogeny of the tribe archipini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : tortricinae ) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures . zootaxa 3729 ( 1 ) : 1 - 62 . ( pdf )
grote , a . r . , 1873 . i . description of new north american moths .
powell , j . a . 1980 . nomenclature of nearctic conifer - feeding choristoneura ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) : historical review and present status . usda forest service general technical report pnw - 100 . usda forest service 18pp .
powell , j . a . 1995 . biosystematic studies of conifer - feeding choristoneura ( lepidoptera tortricidae ) in the western united states . university of california press , berkeley . 275 pp .
quinn , m . a . 2000 . abundance and distribution of potential arthropod prey species in a typical golden - cheeked warbler habitat . unpublished thesis . texas a & m ; university , college station . ix + 182 pp .
i . description of new north american moths . augustus radcliffe grote . 1873 . bulletin of the buffalo society of natural sciences 1 : 1 - 16 .
north - american torticidae thomas , lord walsingham . 1879 . illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . 4 .
check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .
abundance and distribution of potential arthropod prey species in a typical golden - cheeked warbler habitat . quinn , m . a . 2000 . unpublished thesis . texas a & m ; university , college station . ix + 182 pp .
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[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


arachnogyaritus celestini is a species of beetle in the family cerambycidae , and the type species of its genus .

it was described by gouverneur and vitali in 2016 .

it is known from laos .

arachnogyaritus celestini

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help us to expand this encyclopedia ! if you are logged in , you can add new subtaxa , vernacular and scientific names , texts , images or intertaxon relationships for this taxon .
166 . 31 kb from laos , mt . phu pane . size : 6 mm
thank you xavier ! ! one of your species ! ! i doubted between this and elegantogyaritus wakaharai .
urltoken is a brazilian scientific electronic library ( iheringia , revista brasileira de entomologia , zoologia . . . )
to sign my photos of flat - faced longhorned beetles . of course , it is possible for any site to create a link towards any page of urltoken or for any publication to cite a resource without express authorization . for any question about rights of reproduction and use , contact me ! how to quote this website ?
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longicornia malayana ; or , a descriptive catalogue of the species of the three longicorn families lamiidæ , cerambycidæand prionidæ , collected by mr . a . r . wallace in the malay archipelago .
base des élytres avec une série de tubercules ( sri lanka ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceylania n . gen . - base des élytres avec une épine discale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
dan heffern , houston ( usa ) pour nous avoir transmis ses clichés photographiques d ' holotypes de gyaritini .
breuning ( s . ) , 1956 . – die ostasien - cerambyciden im museum a . koenig , bonn . bonner zoologische beiträge , 7 ( 1 - 3 ) : 229 - 236 .
1872 . – histoire naturelle des insectes genera des coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu ' ici dans cet ordre d ' insectes . famille lxviii . longicornes . ( suite ) . sous - famille iii
lacordaire ( t . ) , 1872 . – histoire naturelle des insectes . genera des coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu ' ici dans cet ordre d ' insectes . famille lxviii . longicornes . ( suite ) . sous - famille iii . lamiides . librairie encyclopédique de roret , paris , 9 ( 2 ) : 411 - 930 .
part iii . the transactions of the entomological society of london , ( 2 ) 4 ( 6 ) : 236–266 .
wallace in the malay archipelago . ( part i ) . the transactions of the entomological society of london , 3 ( 3 ) 1 : 1 - 96 .
though very popular among entomologists , cerambycids are not very common as fossils . the description of extinct taxa implies a knowledge of the group at a worldwide level since tribes and genera c…
[ more ]
inventory of the collections , description of the history of this collections , description of the donations and biography of the donators , description of the major samples . . . and publications of dat…
[ more ]
three new species of cerambycinae from laos , comusia atricornis n . sp . , demonax vitalii n . sp . and perissus octopunctatus n . sp . are described .
nemophas thomson , 1864 , iothocera thomson , 1864 and dolichoprosopus ritsema , 1881 are compared and revised with emphasis on the genital morphology . nemophas is recognised as older synonym of iothocera n . syn . consequently , apriona tomentosa bouquet , 1859 is transferred to the genus nemophas as follows : nemophas tomentosus ( bouquet , 1859 ) n . comb . dolichoprosopus incensus pascoe , 1866 and . . . [ show full abstract ]
compléments à la révision de la tribu des gyaritini breuning , 1956 et description d’un nouveau genre . . .
le genre retilla lacordaire , 1872 est transféré dans la tribu des desmiphorini thomson , 1860 . protogyaritus griseofasciatus n . gen . , n . sp . est décrit du nord - est laos ( houa phan ) . ce nouveau taxon est caractérisé par les yeux réniformes , le pronotum avec des tubercules discaux très réduits , les élytres parallèles et les ailes membraneuses normalement développées , caractères qui le . . . [ show full abstract ]
two new laotian species , sinomimovelleda chemini n . sp . and aconodes guerardi n . sp . are described . aconodes breuningi n . nom . is proposed for aconodes submontanus breuning , 1975 nec breuning , 1949 ( secondary homonymy ) . deux nouvelles espèces du laos , sinomimovelleda chemini n . sp . et aconodes guerardi n . sp . sont décrites . aconodes breuningi n . nom . est proposé pour aconodes submontanus . . . [ show full abstract ]
workers of the leptogenys chalybaea species group are swarm raiders that primarily prey on large millipedes . the ants attack and immobilize these relatively large prey and can then form chains of workers to drag their newly acquired trove of nutrients back to the nest ( peeters & de greef 2015 ) . the leptogenys chalybaea species pages includes a youtube video of this behavior that has been viewed more than 7 million times !
the big and the small . a discothyrea sexarticulata worker placed on dinoponera australis . photo by guilherme ide ( mzusp ) .
myrmoteras worker from danum valley , sabah , malaysia . the trigger hair , used to release the mandibles from their open to closed position when prey is encountered , can be seen between the mandibles . photo by steve shattuck .
a formica comata worker defending her nest , ready to bite and spray the invader with formic acid ( ch 2 o 2 ) . photo by gary alpert .
a stigmatomma minutum worker from kerala , india ( photo by kalesh sadasivan ) . stigmatomma has received considerable attention lately , with a phylogeny of the subfamily amblyoponinae ( ward & fisher , 2016 ) transfering a number of species from stigmatomma to the newly revived genus fulakora and the malagasy species being revised ( esteves & fisher , 2016 ) .
it turns out some early ants were absolutely amazing . perrichot , wang & engel ( 2016 ) report on a 99 - million - year - old ant from myanmar amber that had a bulbous horn bursting from the top of its head and elongate trap jaw mandibles with “trigger” hairs . clearly there were some highly specialized ants even at this early stage of their history .
from missouri ( approximately 38 . 7n 90 . 2w ) are well advanced in developing their sexual brood for the coming summer . being opportunistic nesters , this colony was found in a curled leaf among lawn grass .
it ' s not an ant , but it would really like to be . a cerambycid beetle , from laos , pretending to be a polyrhachis to avoid its predators .
, photographed using an electron microscope . one of the reasons ants are so successful is because of their great morphological diversity . this diversity also extends to their life history and ecology . these two species differ so greatly that they would likely not even recognise each other when they meet in northern queensland , australia , where they both occur . they would pass by without a second thought and certainly wouldn ' t realise that they are cousins !
, the latest addition to the ant family . containing two newly described species from the
a lego pinned insect manipulator ! this shows that lego ' s can be important in serious research , and that some scientists are still kids at heart . it also shows what happens when you think outside the box . see dupont s , price b , blagoderov v ( 2015 ) for full details .
queen , major worker and minor worker . workers are polymorphic in size and this is associated with differences in ovariole numbers . queens are not much larger than the major workers , but have disproportionately more ovarioles and a 10 - fold higher egg - laying rate .
corrie moreau has a video discussing a few of her current research projects . she says
we are all just walking rainforests ! humans and ants ( and almost all of life ) are ecosystems in themselves . always great fun to share my research with the brain scoop !
well worth a look .
this odontoponera worker found an earthworm while foraging on the rainforest floor in borneo . she spent several minutes attempting to capture it but to no avail . in the end she retreated for easier prey , the earthworm having defended itself by smearing the ant with sticky mucus that was too much for her to handle . photo by : steve shattuck during a recent ant course .
polyrhachis is known from over 750 species which occur from africa east through india and into australia . they are especially abundant and incredibly diverse in the rainforests of southeast asia , where this species and over 100 others are found . they forage singly or in groups on low vegetation and the ground during the day , making them easy to find and observe . they are also very patient , sitting quietly while they have their portraits taken . the subgenus polyrhachis , to which this species belongs , is readily recognised by the elongate spines on the dorsum of the petiole ( the left - most pair in this photo taken in borneo during a recent ant course ) . these really are exceptional ants . photo by : steve shattuck .
david general and perry buenavente recently published a paper describing a new species of romblonella , romblonella coryae , from the philippines . this is only the ninth known species of this small , asian genus . photo by : dave general
this wide - spread introduced species has a new name . previously known as monomorium destructor , ward et al . ( 2015 ) recognised that this species and its close relatives were not related to other monomorium species , but belonged to the genus trichomyrmex . this resulted in a name change to trichomyrmex destructor . photo by : april nobile / antweb
a member of the newly resurrected genus syllophopsis . photo by : april nobile / antweb
this page was last modified on 23 may 2015 , at 17 : 05 .
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my machine specs are : xeon e5 - 2687 3 . 10 ghz ( 2 processors ) 64 gb ram nvidia quadro 6000 softwares used : zbrush , maya , arnold renderer , nuke by ramteen ahmadi
phylogeny of the coleoptera based on morphological characters of adults and larvae john f . l awrence
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