megalictis ( great weasel ) is an extinct genus of large predatory mustelids , which existed in north america during the " cat gap " in the miocene period .

it is thought to have resembled a large wolverine , with a body mass of up to 60 kilograms ( 130 lb ) .

megalictis

lower tooth measurements ( in mm ) of megalictis ferox , megalictis simplicidens , megalictiss frazieri , and “megalictis” petersoni .
relationships between lengths ( l ) and widths ( w ) of lower dentition in megalictis ferox , megalictis simplicidens , megalictis frazieri , and “ megalictis ” petersoni .
s5 video . video of the mandible of megalictis simplicidens ( cm 1553 ) and megalictis frazieri uf 23928 .
megalictis ferox , hunt and skolnick , 1996 ( pars ) . [ 7 ]
sequential reconstruction of the head of megalictis ferox based on f : am 25430 .
craniomandibular measures of megalictis ferox and other giant mustelids and extant north american carnivorans .
s6 video . video of the reconstructed head of megalictis ferox f : am 25430 .
cranium and mandibles remains of f : am 54079 and amnh 54076 of megalictis ferox .
image - megalictis by hodarinundu - d52eqrr . jpg | dinopedia | fandom powered by wikia
s1 video . video of the cranium and mandible of megalictis ferox f : am 25430 .
s2 video . video of the cranium and mandible of megalictis ferox f : am 54079 .
included species : megalictis simplicidens ( = paroligobunis simplicidens ) ( peterson , 1907 ) [ 5 ] and megalictis frazieri ( = paroligobunis frazieri ) ( frailey , 1978 ) [ 28 ] .
type species : megalictis ferox matthew , 1907 p1 . ii , fig . 1 [ 1 ]
relationships between lengths ( l ) and widths ( w ) of upper dentition in megalictis ferox .
i think megalictis is an ancestor to the present day wolverine . say , how about drawing a megalictis attacking a prehistoric elephant , horse , rhino , or camel of the same time period ?
s3 video . video of the cranium and mandible of the holotype of megalictis ferox amnh - 12880 .
searches were performed using the branch and bound and a bootstrap analysis through 1000 replicates to test the clade support in the analysis . the outgroup was c . lupus . strict consensus tree of 6 trees ( length 194 steps , consistency index ( ci ) = 0 . 41 , retention index ( ri ) = 0 . 65 ) for knowing the relationships between the different specimens of megalictis ferox , megalictis simplicidens , megalictis frazieri , “ megalictis ” petersoni , oligobunis crassivultus , and a sample of extant musteloids and a canid . numbers below nodes are bremer indices , and numbers above nodes are bootstrap support percentages ( only shown when ≥ 50 ) . character / taxa matrix is detailed in the – appendices . silhouette of megalictis ferox based on hunt and skolnick [ ] , silhouette of megalictis simplicidens , megalictis frazieri , “ megalictis ” petersoni and oligobunis crassivultus based on megalictis ferox but rescaled according the size of the dentition .
searches were performed using the branch and bound and a bootstrap analysis through 1000 replicates to test the clade support in the analysis . the outgroup was c . lupus . strict consensus tree of 6 trees ( length 194 steps , consistency index ( ci ) = 0 . 41 , retention index ( ri ) = 0 . 65 ) for knowing the relationships between the different specimens of megalictis ferox , megalictis simplicidens , megalictis frazieri , “ megalictis ” petersoni , oligobunis crassivultus , and a sample of extant musteloids and a canid . numbers below nodes are bremer indices , and numbers above nodes are bootstrap support percentages ( only shown when ≥ 50 ) . character / taxa matrix is detailed in the s1 – s3 appendices . silhouette of megalictis ferox based on hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] , silhouette of megalictis simplicidens , megalictis frazieri , “ megalictis ” petersoni and oligobunis crassivultus based on megalictis ferox but rescaled according the size of the dentition .
virtual models of the mandibles and skulls of megalictis ferox ( f : am 25430 , f : am 54079 , amnh 12880 and amnh 22632 ) as well as megalictis frazieri uf 23928 and megalictis simplicidens ( cast of cm 1553 ) were derived by means of a 3d nextengine hd laser surface scanner ( s1 – s6 videos ) .
s4 video . video of the cranium and mandible megalictis ferox amnh - 22632 ( cast of cm 1590 ) .
three views of megalictis : restoration , skull reconstruction , and original skull . art by adam hartstone - rose .
both wolverines and megalictis are members of the weasel family mustelidae . so , informally , you could say a wolverine ( or megalictis ) is a giant weasel , same way you could say a lion or tiger is a giant cat . if you want to be technical , megalictis was megalictis , and it was neither a wolverine nor a weasel , but was related to both of them ( and probably looked more like a wolverine and less weasel - y than seen here )
megalictis , the bone - crushing giant mustelid ( carnivora , mustelidae , oligobuninae ) from the early miocene of north america .
there are no derived characters uniting the three named species of paroligobunis that are not shared with megalictis ( s2 appendix ) . our phylogenetic analysis ( fig 5 ) shows that these three species are paraphyletic with m . ferox . the larger p . frazieri and p . simplicidens are both referred to megalictis . the differences in morphology and size between the three species of megalictis with respect to “ m . ” petersoni ( fig 6 ) suggest that “ m . ” petersoni could be excluded from the genus megalictis .
( a ) megalictis simplicidens , type specimen , cm1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ ] , lateral view of the mandible , ( b ) megalictis simplicidens cm 1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ ] , medial view , ( c ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ ] , lateral view of the mandible , ( d ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ ] , medial view , ( e ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ ] , holotype uf 23928 , lateral view of the mandible , ( f ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ ] , uf 23928 , medial view , ( g ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ ] , holotype acm 2011 , lateral view of the mandible , ( h ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ ] acm 2011 , medial view , ( i ) megalictis simplicidens cm1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ ] , occlusal view , ( j ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ ] , occlusal view , ( k ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ ] , uf 23928 , occlusal view , ( l ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ ] acm 2011 , occlusal view . scale bar equals 5 cm . a - d , i and j courtesy of the carnegie museum of natural history . e - f and k courtesy of the florida museum of natural history . g - h and l , beneski museum of natural history at amherst college , courtesy of the trustees of amherst college .
un megalictis a la entrada de su guarida . : > megalictis fue una comadreja gigante - segun ciertos autores , algunas especies alcanzaban el tamaño de un oso negro . era incluso mas grande que ekorus , pero tenía proporciones distintas , mas similares a las de un mustélido moderno . los mustelidos modernos son depredadores temerarios que atacan presas a veces mucho mayores que ellos mismos ; imaginen si megalictis existiera todavia . . . a megalictis by its lair : > megalictis was a giant weasel - according to certain authors , some species could grow up as big as a black bear . it was even bigger than ekorus , but had different proportions , more like a modern day mustelid . modern day mustelids are fearless predators that attack prey sometimes much larger than themselves . imagine if megalictis was still around . . .
( a ) megalictis simplicidens , type specimen , cm1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ 5 ] , lateral view of the mandible , ( b ) megalictis simplicidens cm 1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ 5 ] , medial view , ( c ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ 29 ] , lateral view of the mandible , ( d ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ 29 ] , medial view , ( e ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ 28 ] , holotype uf 23928 , lateral view of the mandible , ( f ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ 28 ] , uf 23928 , medial view , ( g ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ 27 ] , holotype acm 2011 , lateral view of the mandible , ( h ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ 27 ] acm 2011 , medial view , ( i ) megalictis simplicidens cm1553 ( peterson , 1907 ) [ 5 ] , occlusal view , ( j ) megalictis simplicidens cm 2389 ( peterson , 1910 ) [ 29 ] , occlusal view , ( k ) megalictis frazieri ( frailey , 1978 ) [ 28 ] , uf 23928 , occlusal view , ( l ) “ megalictis” petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ 27 ] acm 2011 , occlusal view . scale bar equals 5 cm . a - d , i and j courtesy of the carnegie museum of natural history . e - f and k courtesy of the florida museum of natural history . g - h and l , beneski museum of natural history at amherst college , courtesy of the trustees of amherst college .
a , and b megalictis ferox holotype amnh 12880 , lateral view ( a ) , ventral view ( b ) ; c , and d megalictis ferox cm 1590 ( genotype of aelurocyon brevifacies ) , lateral view ( c ) , ventral view ( d ) ; megalictis ferox f : am 25430 lateral view ( e ) , ventral view ( f ) ; g , and h megalictis ferox f : am 54079 lateral view ( g ) , ventral view ( h ) . scale bar equals 5 cm . c and d courtesy of the carnegie museum of natural history .
megalictis , the bone - crushing giant mustelid ( carnivora , mustelidae , oligobuninae ) from the early miocene of north america . - pubmed - ncbi
awesome ! nice to see a picture of megalictis . y ' know , ya don ' t don ' t see many of that around .
finally , a second megalictis restoration ! until now , there was only one i knew of , and it was part of a childrens ' coloring book . wonderful job on the artwork , as usual .
but now paleontologist alberto valenciano and colleagues have discovered that megalictis was no feline wannabe . through a new analysis of previously - undescribed skull material , the researchers not only refine the evolutionary relationships of america’s giant weasels , but they also make the case that the teeth and jaws of megalictis were more like those of hyenas and some deep - jawed dogs than to cats . in other words , this huge weasel was a bone - crusher .
oh , ok , thanks for clearing it up . so you ' re saying that megalictis would appear more like a wolverine than a stoat ? so bacically you ' re saying your drawing is innacurate ? ( still an awesome drawing though )
name : megalictis . phonetic : meg - ah - lik - tiss . named by : william diller matthew  -  1907 . synonyms : aelurocyon brevifacies ,  brachypsalis simplicidens ,  megalictis brevifacies ,  megalictis simplicidens ,  paroligobunis ,  simplicidens . classification : chordata ,  mammalia ,  carnivora ,  mustelidae ,  oligobuninae . species : m .  ferox ( type )  ,  m .  frazieri ,  m .  petersoni . diet : carnivore . size : estimated between 20 and 60 kilograms ,  but opinions amongst palaeontologists can vary greatly . known locations : usa . time period : harrisonian ( late chattian of the oligocne to aquitanian of the miocene )  . fossil representation : multiple individuals .
paleontologist william diller matthew named carnivore megalictis ferox way back in 1907 . the mammal’s teeth and osteology clearly showed it to be a cousin of martens and stoats , yet their dimensions “indicate an animal which may best be described as a gigantic wolverene [ sic ] , equaling a jaguar or a black bear in size . ” and given that cats were meek little things at the time megalictis lived , paleontologists thought that this weasel had evolved to take on a lion - like lifestyle during north america’s long cat gap .
it was rendered almost exactly like a modern wolverine , right down to the pattern of its coat . yours has more of a chunky bear - like quality to it , which makes a bit more sense than simply upsizing a wolverine to megalictis ' proportions .
valenciano , a . , baskin , j . , abella , j . , pérez - ramos , a . , álvarez - sierra , m . , morales , j . , hartstone - rose , a . 2016 . megalictis , the bone - crushing giant mustelid ( carnivora , mustelidae , oligobuninae ) from the early miocene of north america megalictis , the bone - crushing giant mustelid ( carnivora , mustelidae , oligobuninae ) from the early miocene of north america . plos one . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0152430
“megalictis” petersoni ( fig 6g , 6h and 6l ) differs from m . simplicidens and m . frazieri in the absence of mesial accessory cuspids on p3–4 , a relatively stouter p4 with a shorter mesial part and a relatively more robust m1 with a taller and stouter metaconid .
. . . hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] synonymized megalictis , aelurocyon , and paroligobunis simplicidens into a single , sexually - dimorphic chronospecies m . ferox . this hypothesis has been generally accepted ( e . g . , [ 3 , 13 , 42 ] ) . . . .
i like how you drew him cute . at least until he bites someone ' s face off ! it just baffles me that bear - sized wolverines once walked the earth . i mean , modern day wolverines can drive off bears and kill moose , so imagine what this creature was capable of ! megalictis don ' t care !
citation : valenciano a , baskin ja , abella j , pérez - ramos a , álvarez - sierra má , morales j , et al . ( 2016 ) megalictis , the bone - crushing giant mustelid ( carnivora , mustelidae , oligobuninae ) from the early miocene of north america . plos one 11 ( 4 ) : e0152430 . urltoken
hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] did not consider the other two species referred to paroligobunis : the small p . petersoni loomis , 1932 [ 27 ] and p . frazieri frailey , 1978 [ 28 ] . as discussed below , we consider the material referred to both p . simplicidens and p . frazieri to be valid species : megalictis frazieri and m . simplicidens .
megalictis ferox [ 1 ] was described from the black bear formation , stanley county , south dakota , usa . a second giant oligobunine , aelurocyon brevifacies peterson , 1907 [ 5 ] , was described from the niobrara canyon local fauna , anderson ranch formation in sioux county , nebraska , usa . hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] established that the actual publication date for a . brevifacies was one week after matthew described m . ferox in 1907 , not in 1906 as indicated in the journal . after these initial descriptions , riggs [ 6 ] described new cranial and postcranial material of both taxa . hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] synonymized megalictis ferox , aelurocyon brevifacies , and the large oligobunine mustelid paroligobunis simplicidens ( peterson , 1907 ) [ 5 ] .
here , we describe an important unpublished sample of craniomandibular remains of megalictis ferox ( f : am 25430 , f : am 54079 , and amnh 54076 ) , housed at the american museum of natural history ( new york , usa ) . although f : am 25430 and f : am 54079 were found in the late 1930s and have been used to obtain metric , morpho - functional and phylogenetic data ( e . g . , [ 2 , 7 , 12 – 16 ] ) , they have never been fully described . therefore , the main objective of the present paper is to describe these unpublished skulls and mandibles , and provide new data on the taxonomy and systematics of the genus in order to shed new light on the paleobiology of megalictis .
all the three species that have been referred to paroligobunis ( fig 6 ) are known from limited material . the genotype of paroligobunis , megalictis simplicidens ( cm 1590 , peterson , 1907 , 1910 ) [ 5 , 29 ] comes from the “agate stock farm” , sioux county nebraska . the exact locality is unknown and it is either from the harrison formation ( ar3 ) or the basal part of the anderson ranch formation [ 7 ] . additional material first referred to p . simplicidens [ 29 ] and later to megalictis ferox [ 7 ] is from quarry 3 , beardog hill , agate fossil beds national monument , from the basal part of the anderson ranch formation . the small “m” . petersoni ( loomis , 1932 ) [ 27 ] is from a locality near van tassel , wyoming , “upper harrison beds” ( = anderson ranch formation ) and p . frazieri frailey , 1978 [ 28 ] is from the sb - 1a local fauna , florida , latest oligocene , early late arikareean ( ar3 ) . hunt ( in tedford et . al , 2004 : p . 205 [ 3 ] ) recognized that “‘ paroligobunis’ frazieri is an earlier form preceding the late arikareean species of megalictis ” .
the new specimens of megalictis ferox described here ( f : am 54079 , f : am 25430 and amnh 54076 ) give us a broader understanding of the morphology of m . ferox and lead us to conclude that the holotypes of both m . ferox ( amnh 12880 ) and aelurocyon brevifacies ( cm 1590 ) are conspecific and thus the latter should be subsumed into m . ferox . we argue that there are 3 species ascribed to megalictis : m . ferox , m . frazieri and m . simplicidens . however , the fourth potential congener , “m” . petersoni , might be best ascribed to a different genus . our cladistic analysis suggests that m . ferox is the sister taxon of the clade composed by m . simplicidens — m . frazieri . our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the subfamily oligobuninae as being a stem mustelid .
megalictis frazieri ( fig 6e , 6f and 6k ) differs from m . simplicidens ( fig 6a–6d , 6i and 6j ) in having a less massive mandible and a more distinctive distal cingulum with a higher crown in p2–4 than m . simplicidens . the c and p2 of m . frazieri are also more robust . the m1 hypoconid is higher and the talonid is relatively larger , slightly basined with a very low internal rim .
synonyms : senior subjective synonym [ 7 ] of aelurocyon brevifacies peterson , 1907 , p . 68 [ 5 ] , “upper harrison formation” , sioux county , nebraska and paroligobunis peterson , 1910 [ 29 ] . hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] synonymized megalictis , aelurocyon , and paroligobunis simplicidens into a single , sexually - dimorphic chronospecies m . ferox . this hypothesis has been generally accepted ( e . g . , [ 3 , 13 , 42 ] ) .
hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] partially described and measured some of the unsm and cm specimens of megalictis from the basal part of the anderson ranch formation at beardog hill that we refer to m . simplicidens . aside from their more primitive morphology ( e . g . , presence of a metaconid on m1 ) , they are smaller than m . ferox from the upper anderson ranch formation . the upper and lower dental measurements indicate a size similar to g . gulo .
thanks . yeah , i don´t think i had ever seen a megalictis reconstruction when i drew this , so yes , it probably looks little like the real thing . there ' s quite a few drawings in my gallery that are really just my first impresison of what x creature would look like , because quite simply there were no other reconstructions available ( or i didn´t find any ! ) the drawing ' s over three years old , i think it may be time to draw a new version
diagnosis : baskin [ 2 ] diagnosed of aelurocyon brevifacies ( which he considered the senior subjective synonym of megalictis ferox because of the presumed earlier publication date at the time he submitted the chapter ) . new or revised characters follow . megalictis ferox is the largest of the oligobunines ; coronoid process high and caudally curved ; enlarged masseteric fossa with a robust crest extending from the dorsal border of the coronoid process to below the m2 ; laterocaudal area of the ventral edge of the mandibular corpus laterally projected ; p2 with distal accessory cusp ; robust p3 ; robust p4 with strong parastyle and protocone ; p4 carnassial notch present ; m1 with enlarged stylar area ; m2 with paracone and protocone ; p2–4 with high - crowned distal cingula ; p3 with mesial and distal accessory cuspid ; p4 relatively enlarged with presence of mesial accessory cuspid and stout distal accessory cuspid ; m1 trigonid widened ; m1 with strong lingual concavity between paraconid and protoconid ; m1 protoconid higher than paraconid ; m1 hypoconid short , trenchant and buccally located ; m1 with a lingual cingulum in the entoconid position ; m2 reduced with metaconid .
dental nomenclature follows ginsburg [ 17 ] and smith and dodson [ 18 ] . anatomical descriptions are based primarily on scapino [ 19 ] , turnbull [ 20 ] , barone [ 21 , 22 ] , waibl et al . [ 23 ] , evans and de lahunta [ 24 , 25 ] , and hartstone - rose et al . [ 26 ] . the terminology conforms to the standard of the nomina anatomica veterinaria [ 23 ] with the exception of the masseter and temporalis muscle complexes for which we follow hartstone - rose et al . [ 26 ] . the megalictis material ( figs 1 – 4 ) has been compared to all the other material of megalictis and paroligobunis on the basis of published descriptions , figures , measurements and photographs . we have re - measured the dentition of amnh 12880 and 22632 ( cast of cm 1590 ) measured initially by matthew [ 1 ] and peterson [ 5 ] and completed the measures of paroligobunis petersoni loomis , 1932 [ 27 ] using a cast tmm 40966–1 . measurements were made using mitutoyo absolute digital calipers to the nearest 0 . 1 mm ( tables 1 and 2 ) .
the preservation of the of m . ferox specimen f : am 25430 represents by far the most complete and best preserved craniomandibular specimen of any giant mustelids . based on the size of the skull , m . ferox emerges as the largest terrestrial mustelid ever known–even larger than the extinct late miocene giant mustelid ekorus , eomellivora , and plesiogulo [ 13 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 70 ] . this new material sheds light on a new paleobiological interpretation of megalictis as a hyena - like , bone - crushing mustelid , instead of the cat - like ecomorphotype previously ascribed to the genus .
metrically the new megalictis ferox sample described above ( f : am 54079 , f : am 25430 and amnh 54076 ) together with amnh 12880 and cm 1590 form a single picture of m . ferox with dental biometric variability similar to the largest extant terrestrial mustelids gulo and mellivora ( figs 7 and 8 ) . however , if m . simplicidens is considered as a synonym of m . ferox , this variability exceeds the extant one . such variability is much more pronounced when all the specimens of m . simplicidens , m . frazieri and the small “ m . ” petersoni ( figs 7 and 8 ) are included .
megalictis ferox matthew , 1907 [ 1 ] is a giant mustelid of the subfamily oligobuninae and belongs to the paraphyletic group of “paleomustelids” [ 2 ] . it lived in the early miocene during the late arikareean ar4 north american land mammal age 22 . 7–18 . 5 mya [ 3 , 4 ] of the central great plains of united states in the states of nebraska , south dakota , and wyoming [ 1 , 5 – 7 ] . the ar4 lithostratigraphic units containing giant oligobunines have been revised . hunt [ 8 ] named the anderson ranch formation for the terminal formation of the arikaree group in nebraska and wyoming formerly referred to as the upper harrison beds of peterson [ 5 , 9 ] and the lower marsland formation of schultz [ 10 ] . the black bear formation replaces the upper rosebud formation of south dakota [ 11 ] .
in order to better understand the phylogenetic relationships of the oligobunines megalictis ferox ( amnh 12880 , cm 1590 , f : am 25430 and f : am 54079 ) , m . simplicidens ( = paroligobunis simplicidens ) ( cm 1553 and cm 2389 ) , m . frazieri ( = paroligobunis frazieri ) ( uf 23928 ) , “ m . ” petersoni ( = paroligobunis petersoni ) ( acm 2011 ) , and oligobunis crassivultus ( amnh 6903 ) , we have performed a cladistic analysis ( fig 5 ) including 18 taxa ( m . ferox is represented in the analysis as 4 separate operational taxonomic units ( otu ) ) and 73 equally weighted and unordered craniomandibular characters ( s1 – s3 appendices ) . cladistic analysis was performed using in paup * 4 . 0b10 [ 38 ] . the analysis was rooted using c . lupus as the outgroup .
differential diagnosis : megalictis ferox differs from m . simplicidens , m . frazieri , “m . ” petersoni and oligobunis crassivultus in its larger size , m1 without metaconid and m1 talonid with a closed lingual morphology with a lingual cingulum between the metacristid and entocristid . additionally , it differs from m . simplicidens and m . frazieri in having a higher and more robust mandibular symphysis , a reduced p2 and a more robust p4 and m1 . it further differs from “m . ” petersoni in much larger size and p3–4 with mesial accessory cuspids . it further differs from oligobunis crassivultus in having a more rectangular p2 , smaller m1 than p4 , enlarged m1 stylar area , higher paracone than metacone on the m1 , reduced p2 , p2–3 high - crowned distal cingula , more developed p3 distal accessory cuspid , relatively enlarged p4 , and higher protoconid than paraconid on the m1 .
megalictis simplicidens and m . frazieri ( fig 6 ) resemble m . ferox in several characters , such as a high , wide and distally curved ascending ramus , and a deep masseteric fossa with a robust crest that extends from the dorsal border of the coronoid process to below the m2 . both taxa have a p1 , the distal cingula of p2–4 are high - crowned , and the p4 is relatively enlarged with mesial and distal accessory cuspids . the m1 trigonid is widened , with a strong lingual concavity between the paraconid and protoconid , a low , and narrow talonid with a short , trenchant and labially located hypoconid , and a reduced m2 with presence of a metaconid . however they differ from m . ferox in having a non - reduced p2 , the presence of a stout m1 metaconid , relatively more slender p4 and m1 , m1 talonid with an open lingual morphology between the metacristid and entocristid , and a lower and more slender mandibular symphysis .
megalictis ferox ( figs 1 – 4 ) is characterized by several traits : long external auditory meatus ; high and caudally curved coronoid process ; enlarged masseteric fossa with a robust crest from the dorsal border of the coronoid process to just beneath the m2 ; latero - caudal area of the ventral edge of the mandibular corpus is laterally projected , with the ventral edge of the angular process also laterally projected ; i3 is enlarged ; p2 with a distal accessory cusp ; robust p3 ; robust p4 with carnassial notch ; enlarged stylar area of m1 , and a m2 with paracone and protocone differentiated ; p2–4 distal cingula high - crowned ; distal accessory cuspid on p3 ; relatively enlarged p4 with a stout mesial accessory cuspid ; relatively stout m1 with a widened trigonid , a strong lingual concavity between the paraconid and protoconid , no metaconid , protoconid higher than paraconid , with a short , trenchant and buccally located hypoconid and a lingual rim in the entoconid position ; reduced m2 with a metaconid .
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full reference : w . d . matthew . 1907 . a lower miocene fauna from south dakota . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 23 ( 9 ) : 169 - 219
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copyright : © 2016 valenciano et al . this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
data availability : all relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files .
funding : a . v . has received funding from the european union’s seventh framework programme ( fp7 / 2007 - 2013 ) under grant agreement n° 226506 ( synthesys ; se - taf - 3637 ) , the usc school of medicine ( columbia , south carolina , usa ) , the amnh ( collection study grant program 2014 ) and the international travel grant 2015 from the vertebrate paleontology department of flmnh from uf . a . v . is researcher in formation in the csic program jae - pre _ cp2011 ( csic program
junta para la ampliación de estudios
) , co - funded by the european social fund . a . p . r . is a pre - doctoral fpi fellowship ( bes - 2013 - 065469 ) of the project cgl2012 - 37866 . this study was also supported by the spanish ministerio de economía y competitividad ( research project cgl2015 - 68333 , cgl2011 - 28877 and cgl2011 - 28681 ) , the research group bsch - ucm 910607 and university of south carolina school of medicine ( columbia , south carolina , usa ) .
abbreviations : acm , amherst college beneski museum of natural history , massachusetts , usa ; ahr , comparative anatomy research collection , university of south carolina school of medicine , columbia , usa ; amnh , american museum of natural history , division of paleontology and division of mammalogy , new york , usa ; cm , carnegie museum of natural history , pittsburgh , usa ; f : am , collection housed in the frick collection of the division of paleontology , amnh , new york , usa ; lgput , laboratory of geology and palaeontology , university of thessaloniki , greece ; mncn , museo nacional de ciencias naturales madrid , spain ; mncncomp , comparative anatomy research collection of paleobiology department of museo nacional de ciencias naturales madrid , spain ; nrm , naturhistoriska rikmuseet , stockholm , sweden ; pin , palaeontological institute , russian academy of sciences , moscow , russia ; sam - pql , iziko south african museum , cape town south african museum , south africa ; tmm , texas memorial museum at the vertebrate paleontology laboratory , the jackson school of geosciences , university of texas , austin , usa ; uf , vertebrate paleontology collection of the florida museum of natural history ( flmnh ) , university of florida , gainesville , usa ; unsm , university of nebraska state museum , lincoln , nebraska , usa ; usnm , united states national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , d . c . , usa
a lateral view ; b rostral view ; c dorsal view ; d caudal view ; e ventral view . scale bar equals 5 cm .
a right mandible lateral view ; b occlusal view ; c left mandible lingual view of lower dentition . scale bar equals 5 cm .
a1–4 cranium f : am 54079 , lateral view ( a1 ) , dorsal view ( a2 ) , ventral view ( a3 ) , and caudal view ( a4 ) ; b1–3 right hemimandible f : am 54079 , lateral view ( b1 ) , medial view ( b2 ) , and occlusal view ( b3 ) ; c1–3 left hemimandible f : am 54079 lateral view ( c1 ) , medial view ( c2 ) , and oclussal view ( c3 ) ; d1–3 right hemimandible of amnh 54076 , lateral view ( d1 ) , medial view ( d2 ) , and occlusal view ( d3 ) . scale bar equals 5 cm .
f : am 25430 ( figs 1 and 2 , s1 video ) : relatively complete skull with i1 - 3 , c , p1 - 4 and m1 - 2 , missing only its left zygomatic arch , a broken frontal area plus a portion of the right parietal region missing and filled with plaster , a hole in its right parietal bone , and a complete mandible with i1 - 3 , c , p1 - 4 and m1 - 2 ; f : am 54079 ( fig 3 , s2 video ) : right side of a partial skull without the premaxilla , with worn c , p2 - m1 and partial mandibles with a nearly complete right one with c - m2 and a broken mandibular symphysis and a left one just with the mandibular corpus preserved and a broken p2 , and a complete both p3 and m1 ; amnh 54076 ( fig 3 ) : partial mandibular corpus with m1 - 2 .
diagnosis : large to giant size mustelid ; robust mandible with a high , wide and distally curved ascending ramus ; deep masseteric fossa with a stout crest that extends from the dorsal border of the coronoid process to below the m2 ; robust dentition ; p1 present ; p2–4 with distal cingula high - crowned ; p4 relatively enlarged with mesial and distal accessory cuspids ; m1 trigonid widened , with a strong lingual concavity between the paraconid and protoconid ; m1 metaconid reduced to absent , present in the older and smaller forms and absent in the giant forms , m1 talonid low and narrow with a short , trenchant and labially located hypoconid ; and m2 with reduced metaconid .
holotype : amnh 12880 , a partial reconstructed skull ( fig 4 , s3 video ) with right p4 , m1 - 2 , a fragmented right mandible with almost complete coronoid process , m1 trigonid and m2 , and very few postcranial remains figured by matthew , 1907 , p . 196 , fig . 10–13 , 15 [ 1 ] .
type locality : rosebud 22 , porcupine butte , black bear formation , stanley county , south dakota .
other localities : rosebud 5 , porcupine butte , stanley county , south dakota , usa ( amnh 12881 ) ; niobrara canyon local fauna , sioux county , nebraska , usa ( cm 1590 ) , “high daemonelix beds” , niobrara canyon local fauna , sioux county , nebraska , usa ( f : am 25430 ) ; j - m district , south of lusk , goshen county , wyoming , usa [ 6 ] ; “high brown sand” , 16 mile district , goshen county , wyoming , usa ( f : am 54079 ) ; 8 north of lusk , goshen county , wyoming , usa ( f : am 54076 ) .
age : upper part of the anderson ranch formation and its equivalents , south dakota , nebraska , and wyoming , late late arikareean ( ar4 ) , 22 . 7–18 . 5 mya [ 4 ] early miocene .
comments : specimens that can be referred to m . ferox s . s . are from the latest arikareean ( ar4 ) upper part of the anderson ranch formation and its equivalents .
a nearly complete skull with i1 - 3 , c , p1 - 4 and m1 - 2 ( fig 1 , s1 video ) and a complete mandible with i1 - 3 , c , p1 - 4 and m1 - 2 ( fig 2 , s1 video ) . the left zygomatic arch is missing . part of the frontal and a region of the right parietal bones are missing and filled with plaster . there is a subrectangular and anthropogenic hole in its right parietal bone located above the most caudal area of the zygomatic arch .
locality : “high daemonelix beds” , anderson ranch formation , niobrara canyon local fauna , sioux county , nebraska , usa .
the zygomatic arches are robust , especially caudally near the glenoid cavity . both m . masseter pars superficialis and m . masseter pars profunda have their origin on the ventrolateral side of the zygomatic arch . the frontal processes of the zygomatic arches are triangular and dorsoventrally high .
ventrally ( fig 1e ) , the incisive foramina are preserved . the palate is broad and expanded mediolaterally between the p4–m2 . the posterior border of the palatine is expanded caudally behind the molars . the pterygoid region and the hamulus pterygoideus processes are relatively well preserved . the hamulus pterygoideus processes are large and caudally expanded ( fig 1e ) . the foramen ovale is located in line with the glenoid fossa . the alisphenoid canal is absent . the glenoid fossa is relatively strong . the auditory bullae are large and swollen . the external auditory meati are rounded ( fig 1a ) . the ventral wall of the auditory bullae has been partially destroyed , and the tympanic chamber is exposed . the postglenoid foramen is large , rounded and located caudally to the postglenoid process and medially to the external auditory meatus . the rostral foramen lacerum or external carotid foramen is a large double foramen located on the rostromedial corner of the auditory bullae . the caudal carotid foramen is almost hidden and is located in line with the external auditory meatus , midway along the medial margin of the auditory bullae . the large rounded caudal foramen lacerum is located on the caudal - most corner of the skull . the suprameatal fossa is absent . the condyloid foramen is located caudally to the caudal foramen lacerum and is clearly separated from it . the stylomastoid foramen is not preserved . the occipital condyles are strong and their dorsal parts are broader than the ventral ones . the foramen magnum is large and subquandrangular ( fig 1d ) . the mastoid process is highly expanded ( fig 1c and 1e ) ; measuring 106 . 1 mm in width . the caudal area of the skull is very broad . the nuchal crest has a great caudal development . its dorsal part is projected caudally . in dorsal view the ventral parts of the nuchal crest in conjunction with the mastoid process are laterally widened , which creates large attachment areas for m . zygomatic temporalis on the dorsal side ( fig 1c ) and m . obliquus capiti cranialis on the caudal side ( fig 1d ) . the mastoid process is robust and is situated caudal to the external auditory meatus . the supraoccipital bone is very enlarged . the paroccipital process is not preserved .
mandible and lower dentition : the mandible of f : am 25430 is very robust ( fig 2a and 2b ) . it has a total length of 149 . 0 mm . the tooth row is slightly convex and is aligned with the articular process . the mandibular corpus is high and robust . the ventral margin is convex at the level of the m1 . there is single rounded mental foramen under p2 . the ascending ramus is tall and rostrocaudally broad ( fig 2a ) . its tip is distally oriented . the coronoid process is laterally rotated with an angle of ~ 75 degrees , compared to the articular process . there is a robust crest from the dorsal border of the coronoid to beneath the m2 where the tendon of the m . temporalis is attached . this area is especially enlarged and laterally projected around the area of the m2 ( fig 2a and 2b ) . the masseteric fossa is large and deep . its rostral margin lies at the level of talonid of m1 , and ventrolaterally is limited by a strong area where the m . masseter pars superficialis and m . masseter pars profunda insert . the articular process is large and robust . the angular process is robust and shows a medial crest for the muscular attachment of the m . pterygoideus medialis .
the lower dentition ( 3 / 1 / 4 / 2 ) is also preserved in its entirety ( fig 2 ) . the lower incisors are heavily worn . the canine is large , stout and markedly curved distally ( fig 2a and 2b ) . it has a swollen base and is oval in cross - section . the p1 is oval , single - cusped and distally wide ( fig 2b ) . the p2–4 are stout , subrectangular and wider distally . these premolars have strong cingula at their bases , and the distal cingula are high - crowned . the p2 has a single messially - located cuspid . the p3 has a low mesial accessory cuspid and a more developed distal one . the p4 is the largest lower premolar and has more strongly developed mesial and distal accessory cuspids . the m1 is a relatively short and stout tooth ( fig 2 ) . the very robust trigonid occupies almost three fourths of the total length of the tooth , with the greatest width at the base of the protoconid . the paraconid is lower than the protoconid and there is no metaconid . the m1 shows a markedly lingual concavity in the base of the crown between the trigonid cuspids ( fig 2b ) . the stout talonid lacks an entoconid . the hypoconid is low , trenchant and buccally located . there is a smooth cristid from the top of the protoconid to the hypoconid that encloses a deep lingual depression ( fig 2c ) . the m2 is rounded and low ( fig 2b ) . the paraconid is low , and located in the mesial corner . the protoconid is the highest cuspid , located buccally in the middle of the tooth . the metaconid is situated over the lingual corner . it is less developed than the protoconid . the hypoconid is low and located in the distal corner . there is a cingulum around the whole tooth .
partial skull with worn c , p2–m1 and partial mandible with worn p1–4 and m1–2 ( fig 3a1–4 , 3b1–3 and 3c1–3 , s2 video ) .
locality : “high brown sand” , 16 mile district , anderson ranch formation , goshen county , wyoming , usa .
c , p2–4 and are preserved . the p1 is missing . they are more worn than are those of f : am 25430 . the c has a large lingual wear facet . the morphology of p2–4 ( fig 3a3 ) is almost identical to that of f : am 25430 . the p3 is more quadrangular than that of f : am 25430 , but the mesiolingual corner of the p3 is missing . the p4 paracone , protocone and metastyle are greatly - worn ( fig 3a3 ) . the m1 ( fig 3a3 ) has the same development of the cusps as that found in f : am 25430 , and shows a very similar morphology as that of amnh 12880 . the m2 and its alveoli are not preserved .
mandible and lower dentition : the right hemimandible ( fig 3b1–3 ) has a fragmented corpus that is missing its symphyseal end but includes a complete ascending ramus with p1–4 and m1–2 . its morphology is almost identical to that of f : am 25430 . the left hemimandible ( fig 3c1–3 ) is missing its ascending ramus but includes a complete mandibular corpus , a complete p1 , a fragmented p2 , a highly worn p3 , a complete m1 and a fragmented m2 . the p1–4 and m1 are almost identical to those of f : am 25430 though there is more substantial occlusal wear in p2–4 and m1 than in f : am 25430 . the m2 is oval and has a more developed metaconid than the m2 of f : am 25430 .
locality : 8 north of lusk , goshen county , anderson ranch formation , wyoming , usa .
mandible and lower dentition : amnh 54076 is a fragmented mandibular corpus missing its symphysis ( fig 3d1–3 ) . it has roots for p2–3 , and complete m1–2 . the mandibular corpus is high and robust . the m1 is identical to those of f : am 54079 and f : am 25430 . it has a stout trigonid , and a low talonid composed of a trenchant hypoconid , lingually located and a lingual depression . the m2 is rounded and low . it has a distinguishable protoconid and metaconid , and a continuous basal cingulum .
the results of the cladistic analysis indicate that the specimens we assign to m . ferox form a monophyletic group ( fig 5 ) . we agree with hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] in that m . ferox and a . brevifacies are the same taxon , and that m . ferox has priority . morphologically , the specimens f : am 54079 , f : am 25430 and amnh 54076 , as well as cm 1590 and amnh 12880 , are practically identical to each other ( figs 1 – 4 ) . f : am 54079 differs from f : am 25430 and cm1590 in having a more robust p3 and a relatively longer m2 . cm 1590 has a reduced lingual expansion of p3 and a stronger parastyle of p4 than f : am 54079 , f : am 25430 and amnh 12880 . the morphology of f : am 25430 is clearly different from the skull of amnh 12880 , and shows that the reconstructed parts of the latter were incorrect , in which the temporal , frontal and a part of the zygomatic arch bones are misinterpreted ( fig 4a and 4b ) . f : am 25430 allows us to complete the knowledge about the morphology of the skull of m . ferox and showing that the holotype of m . ferox ( amnh 12880 ) and the holotype of a . brevifacies ( cm 1590 ) belong to the same species . consequently , f : am 54079 , f : am 25430 and amnh 54076 should be assigned to m . ferox . we agree with hunt and skolnick [ 7 ] that the difference observed in the specimens of m . ferox can be explained by intraspecific variability ( sexual dimorphism and intrapopulational differences ) or small temporal differences .
a life appearance ; b , reconstructed skull and mandible ; c , skull and mandible f : am 25430 . artwork by adam hartstone - rose .
s1 table . list of the extant specimens of carnivorans used in this paper .
conceived and designed the experiments : av jm ahr . performed the experiments : av jab jm . analyzed the data : av jab ja maas jm ahr . contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools : av ja apr . wrote the paper : av jab ja maas jm ahr .
matthew wd . a lower miocene fauna from south dakota . bull am mus nat hist . 1907 ; 23 : 169–219 .
baskin ja . mustelidae . in : janis cm , scott km , jacobs ll , editors . evolution of tertiary mammals of north america , volume 1 : terrestrial carnivores , ungulates , and ungulate - like mammals . cambridge : cambridge university press ; 1998 . pp . 152–173 .
tedford rh , albright lb iii , barnosky ad , ferrusquia - villafranca i , hunt rm jr , storer je , et al . mammalian biochronology of the arikareen through hemphillian interval ( late oligocene through early pliocene epochs ) . in : woodburne mo , editor . late cretaceous and cenozoic mammals of north america : biostratigraphy and geochronology . new york : columbia university press ; 2004 . pp . 169–231 .
albright lb iii , woodburne mo , fremd tj , swisher cc iii , macfadden bj , scott gr . revised chronostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the john day formation ( turtle cove and kimberly members ) , oregon , with implications for updated calibration of the arikareean north american land mammal age . j geol . 2008 ; 116 : 211–237
peterson oa . the miocene beds of western nebraska and eastern wyoming and their vertebrate faunae . ann carnegie mus . 1907 ; 4 : 21–72 .
riggs es . some early miocene carnivores . publ - field mus nat hist , geol ser . 1945 ; 9 : 69–114 .
from the early miocene carnivore dens at agate fossil beds national monument , nebraska : earliest evidence of dimorphism in new world mustelidae ( carnivora , mammalia ) . univ wyoming contrib geol . 1996 ; 31 : 35–48 .
hunt rm jr . new amphicyonid carnivorans ( mammalia , daphoeninae ) from the early miocene of southeastern wyoming . am mu novit . 2002 ; 3385 : 1–41 .
peterson oa . a revision of the entelodontidae . mem carnegie mus . 1909 ; 4 : 41–158 .
schultz c . b . the miocene of western nebraska . am j sci . 1938 ; 35 : 441–444 .
martin j e . the rosebud problem revisited . proc s dak acad sci . 2011 ; 90 : 37–50 .
radinsky lb . evolution of skull shape in carnivores . 3 the origin and early radiation of the modern carnivores families . paleobiology . 1982 ; 8 : 177–195 .
werdelin l . mio - pliocene carnivora from lothagam , kenya . in : leakey mg , harris jm editors . lothagam , the dawn of humanity in eastern africa . new york : columbia university press ; 2003 . pp . 261–328 .
holliday ja , steppan sj . evolution of hypercarnivory : the effect of specialization on morphological and taxonomic diversity . paleobiology . 2004 ; 30 : 108–128 .
( arctoidea , carnivora ) from hsanda gol formation , central mongolia and phylogeny of basal arctoids with comments on zoogeography . am mu novit . 2005 ; 3483 : 1–57 .
finarelli ja . a total evidence phylogeny of the arctoidea ( carnivora : mammalia ) : relationships among basal taxa . j mammal evo . 2008 ; 15 : 231–259 .
ginsburg l . order carnivora . in rössner ge , heissig k editors . the miocene land mammals of europe . friedrich pfeil : münchen ; 1999 . pp . 109–148 .
smith jb , dodson p . a proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions . j vert paleontol . 2003 ; 23 : 1–12 .
scapino rp . biomechanics of feeding in carnivora . ph . d . theses , university of illinois . 1968
turnbull wd . mammalian masticatory apparatus . fieldiana , geol . 1970 ; 18 : 149–356 .
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waibl h , gasse h , hashimoto y , burdas kd , constantinescu gm , saber as , et al . nomina anatomica veterinaria . 5th edition . international committee on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature . world association of veterinary anatomists , columbia , missouri ; 2005 .


eutrichopidia latinus is a species of moth of the noctuidae family .

it is known from eastern australia , including queensland , new south wales , the australian capital territory , victoria , south australia and tasmania .

the moth is about 45 mm .

adults are black with a broad diagonal band across each forewing .

this band may vary from white to yellow to orange .

the hindwings have a white margin with black dots and the abdomen is tipped with a tuft of orange hairs .

the larvae feed on hibbertia obtusifolia and haloragis teucriodes .

eutrichopidia latinus

the adult moths of this species are black , with a broad diagonal band across each forewing . this band is varied in colour : anywhere from white through yellow to orange . the hindwings have a white margin containing black dots . the abdomen is tipped with a tuft of orange hairs , and the forelegs have orange hair tufts . the moths are inclined to rest head downward . the moths have a wingspan of about 4 . 5 cms .
melbourne university press , 1990 , pl . 22 . 28 , p . 464 .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7be5da87 - c9af - 4d9e - 850c - d392ec1e2bc1
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b96346fa - 6c57 - 422b - bb53 - e875180d91bb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : db89495e - d8b9 - 4ccd - 9f82 - 9d3dfeaa5589
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 396252
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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cathy powers your id is absolutely correct and the ala image connected with idalima is an incorrect id . good spotting . goes to show you need more than one source and natureshare is a very good one .
cathy powers yep , a moth . this group is covered in mov 8 which will be available before the end of 2017 .
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celeric is a retired , british thoroughbred racehorse .

he improved from running in minor handicaps to group one level , and recorded his most important win in the 1997 ascot gold cup .

in the same year he was named european champion stayer at the cartier racing awards .

he won thirteen of his forty-two races in a career which lasted from 1994 until his retirement at the age of eight in 2000 .

together with double trigger , kayf tara and persian punch he was one of a group of horses credited with revitalising the staying division in the 1990s .

celeric

satisfy due diligence requirments on celeric investments limited in one single ' time - saving ' search . run full background checks for fitness and probity on the directors of celeric investments limited and anti - money laundering checks ( aml checks ) on celeric investments limited
michael garbutt is a company director of celeric investments limited since 1995 and a listed director of 6 other companies .
( won by celeric ) , leading some to conclude that he was no longer a threat in major races .
celeric ( out of character ) : i pull amearann aside and take him to the outside part of the camp .
celeric winning in 1997 from classic cliche . this is the last mile of the two and a half mile race . . .
the latest documents filed with the companies registration office for celeric investments limited ( which can include the account details ) are listed below .
log - in now to run due diligence checks and compliance checks on celeric investments limited or click join - up to get started .
frankie dettori , who takes the ride on celeric , can complete a double aboard crumpton hill in the doubleprint whitsun cup rated stakes .
it ' s fair to say that john is who david would have wanted to train celeric as they were great friends .
the 15 % one that does stack is called a stable greater celeric arcanium tincture , and you ' ll find in under
special charges
.
celeric ( in character ) : this is for you . not as a token of my gratitude , but as a sign that i’ll always be close…
“my first memory of royal ascot is celeric winning the gold cup ( 1997 ) . he was owned by a great friend of my dad . he had been telling us for weeks that celeric would win the gold cup and through the mist and murk pat eddery managed to weave his way through . ”
and seren ,
stable greater celeric arcanium tincture
is out of date , according to patch notes its now 17 % charge and not 15 % .
five years old and hardly lightly - raced by today ' s standards , celeric nevertheless appears still on the upgrade and should be able to follow up .
horses like double trigger and celeric , who finished a noble fourth yesterday , have transformed the marathons from embarrassing throwbacks into compelling centrepieces in no more than half a dozen seasons .
the defection of double eclipse - who now goes straight to the royal meeting - eases celeric ' s task and the five - year - old looks sure to start favourite . however , persian punch , the recent winner of the aston park stakes at newbury - who receives 5lb - and orchestra stall should ensure that celeric does not have things his own way .
celeric , scaling the staying peaks like a latter - day sherpa tenzing , can continue his ascent up the ranks by taking the group three bonusprint henry ii stakes at sandown today .
mtoto ended his career with an unlucky - in - running second in the arc before retiring to stud where his progeny included derby winner shaamit , champion stayer celeric and leading national hunt stallion presenting .
morley was responsible for many winners in the colours of hamdan al - maktoum , but his most successful horse during 1997 was celeric , who won the gold cup at royal ascot under pat eddery .
celeric ( in character ) : know that , even though the meals you eat afar may not be as good as mine , i’ll always have a hot meal waiting for you when you come back .
pat eddery is a racing legend and he rode many great horses . two of the best rides that stick out in my memory are dancing brave in the arc and celeric in the ascot gold cup .
celeric needed his reappearance in the jockey club stakes at the beginning and probably found the mile - and - a - half a bit on the sharp side , but ran a respectable fourth to time allowed .
inside the final furlong he slipped celeric through a gap between snow princess and the fading foundry lane , and the gelding ran on well up the rails to win by a cosy three - quarters of a length .
the 17 % one doesn ' t stack with healer celerity . the 15 % one that does stack is called a stable greater celeric arcanium tincture , and you ' ll find in under
special charges
.
spence announced :
following the closure of david morley ' s yard i and jonathan morley have decided to send celeric to be trained by john dunlop , who has confirmed he will be delighted to train him .
eddery earned wide praise for one of
the rides of the season
after he brought celeric from behind to land the feature race at royal ascot last june by three quarters of a length from classic cliche .
on dismounting at york , willie carson told morley that he had a gold cup prospect for next year and celeric now gets a big chance to prove he ' s up to that level as he faces double trigger .
double trigger spread a plate there and was found to have hurt his foot but is reportedly fighting fit once more . he is the strict form selection but could find himself vulnerable to celeric ' s excellent finishing speed .
to start : except for how you need to cut out the heart of the celeric root before beginning , you make these the same way you do potato fries ( see video below for how to cut it ) .
celeric , the winner of four races as a three - year - old , added a further five to his haul at four in 1996 , in the process crossing the divide between handicapper and pattern - class performer .
best bet of the day is celeric in the £40 , 000 - added weatherbys insurance lonsdale stakes . david morley ' s gelding graduated to group level in this race last year , smoothly beating always aloof two by lengths .
i talked about trying celeric root for the first time when i used it as icing for the meatloaf cupcakes recipe . recently i have been experimenting with other ways to use this potato - like veggie , my first being fries .
also called turnip - rooted celery or knob celery celeric is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible roots grown for its bulbs but you can also be use the tops like celery . the flavour of roots is milder than celery .
. ridden by dettori , he was held up in the closing stages before moving up to take the lead in the straight . inside the final furlong he was overtaken by celeric and finished second , beaten three quarters of a length .
to have a horse suddenly improve 30lb is unlikely in the extreme , especially after it has run six times , yet i couldn ' t drop kristal paradise as she was second to celeric previously and that is rock solid form .
celeric should be celeriac , a turnip - rooted variety of celery , but somewhere in the transmission to weatherbys an
a
went missing . he was bred , appropriately enough , in the back garden of his owner , christopher spence .
the small stud we have is literally in the garden at home ,
he said . celeric ' s mother , hot spice , has produced a greengrocers ' shelf of offspring as her progeny also includes sesame , myrrh , camomile , turmeric and zucchini .
celeric can cope with another rise in class and land the £30 , 000 added east coast doncaster cup on town moor today . david morley ' s four year old simply hasn ' t stopped improving , since winning a york handicap back in may .
. sadly , the trainer died not long after celeric ' s gold cup victory ( as a five - year - old in 1997 ) and the admirable gelding was to contest the following year ' s gold cup from john dunlop ' s stable .
he faced a stiff task when fifth to shantou in the princess of wales ' s stakes over a mile and a half at newmarket last time but now reverts to his optimum trip . celeric has a group one penalty but possesses the class to overcome it .
pat eddery ' s first , and previously only , victory in the gold cup was on erimo hawk 25 years ago and , as his prowess and longevity remain closely entwined , celeric should not be the last . he will , however , be the most memorable .
the defection of double eclipse has deprived the £40 , 000 contest of some of its flavour , but celeric , winner of the group two yorkshire cup for david morley at york last time , still faces a formidable opponent in john dunlop ' s sagaro stakes winner orchestra stall .
contesting the listed lonsdale stakes , celeric left his rivals for dead once he hit the front a fur long out , beating always aloof two lengths . incidentally , that form received a nice boost last weekend when always aloof registered a fine win in the group three prix gladiateur at longchamp .
this season celeric has looked better than ever , winning the yorkshire cup in may before a narrow defeat by persian punch in the henry ii stakes at sandown . the slow early pace was against him there and he meets his conqueror on 7lb better terms which should allow him to turn the tables .
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not found the requested url / merchants . htm was not found on this server .
. . . and seren ,
stable greater celeric arcanium tincture
is out of date , according to patch notes its now 17 % charge and not 15 % .
last year ' s winner classic cliche and second double trigger are both proven stayers but there are question marks hanging over them both as they ran abysmal races last time out . respective trainers mark johnston and saeed bin suroor are both confident that their charges are back to their best but celeric gets the nod .
sad to see you go pat ! legend is a term used to frequently these days , this man deserves this accolade bestowed on him . i agree with ritchie povey , pat ' s ride on celeric in the 1997 gold cup was the maestro at the height of his powers , enjoy your retirement pat .
given celeric ' s upward spiral , his trainer was sure to pitch him into group races and after a good second to double trigger in the doncaster cup , the bay broke his pattern duck in the group three jockey club cup at newmarket in october , battling on courageously to hold ebor winner sanmartino by a head .
gold cup winner celeric is to be moved to john dunlop ' s stable , it was announced yesterday . his co - owners christopher spence and jonathan morley have chosen to send their gelding to the former champion trainer following the death of david morley , whose widow melanie has elected not to take over the training licence .
happily , my first experience with celeric root fries has been rapturous . i’d argue that they are even more flavorful than potato fries . not to mention , paleo - friendly foods are oftentimes great for keeping flare - ups down for people with autoimmune dysfunctions such as celiacs and crohn’s . seriously folks , give these babies a try .
celeric , the stayer who showed his courage matches his smart turn of foot when he deprived mons in york ' s group two yorkshire cup last time out , is starting to look like a gold cup winner . and many expect him to further enhance his royal ascot claims in the group two henry ii stakes at sandown today , writes ian davies .
notable previous winners of the northumberland plate include quick ransom ( 1994 ) , celeric ( 1996 ) , sergeant cecil ( 2005 ) and tominator ( 2011 and 2013 ) . paul cole trained the winner three times in five seasons between 1997 and 2001 . donald mccain was successful in 2010 and 2012 while charlie appleby trained antiquarium to win for godolphin in 2016 .
buttermilk - battered chicken sandwich with apple / celeric slaw and sambal ( chili - infused ) mayo from genuine roadside at gotham market , 600 11th avenue , new york city ; and , the brisket sandwich at the bolivian llama party , 1000 eighth avenue ( really the southern end of the columbus circle subway station , enter at 57th street and eighth avenue ) .
all willie carson ' s previous trespasses this season were forgiven yesterday when he gave celeric an inch - perfect ride to take yesterday ' s northumberland plate and land a gamble . the four - year - old , trained by david morley at newmarket , was backed at 9 - 1 in the ante - post market and from 7 - 2 to 2 - 1 favourite on the course .
celeric investments limited was set up on saturday the 1st of april 1995 . their current address is 109 lower baggot street , dublin 2 . , and the company status is dissolved with the company closing on friday the 3rd of march 2000 . the company ' s current directors ena smale and michael garbutt have been the director of 5 other irish companies between them ; 5 of which are now closed .
willie carson , who before his retirement from raceriding last year had enjoyed a successful partnership with celeric , said :
it is very sad . although he had a running battle with his health for a number of years , we hoped he would last a lot longer . he was a great friend to me and i had a lot of fun riding for him . we had a good relationship .
it is the gelding ' s nature that he must be brought to the front with only fractions of his journey remaining . thus it was no surprise to see eddery and his partner ambling out of the stalls yesterday . as anticipated , the outriders were grey shot and double trigger , who carried wide - cupped blinkers which lent the impression he was wearing sunglasses . behind them , the order changed but not the position of celeric , who was glued in last place .
down the far side , eddery crept as unnoticed as ivy up brickwork , and by the time the straight was breached the final push was under way . celeric slid through the bookends of double trigger and samraan and then had just classic cliche in front of him . so well was the five - year - old travelling , that his passenger could afford to take a cheeky tug before striking out for the post . at the line there was three - quarters of a length of space behind him .
there have been many outstanding rides in pat eddery ' s 28 - year career but hardly ever have they been accompanied by a flash of emotion . the gold cup changed that yesterday . the irishman executed a ride of such skill and timing on celeric that he even managed to satisfy his greatest critic , himself . when he came to a stop , his face covered in a rash of mud spots , eddery smiled at connections and raised a clenched fist in front of him . the mission had , gloriously , been accomplished .
it was a bad day all round for the bookies at newcastle , where the first six favourites went in . celeric , owned and bred by his trainer ' s brother - in - law chris spence , was 53 - year - old carson ' s third winner of the pitmen ' s derby ; he rode the first , amateur , 28 years ago - and he said of the son of mtoto :
he ' s a bit of a character , and making it difficult for him keeps him interested . if he ' s not in a bit of bother , then he doesn ' t bother .
make a stand arrived at the pipe yard in a fairly conventional way in august 1995 , picked up from henry candy for £8 , 000 after winning a leicester claimer . his flat career had been something of a disappointment , showing plenty of promise as a two - year - old but seemingly proving difficult to train thereafter , missing a year prior to his four - year - old season . he ran for pipe on the level the following month , finishing mid - field in a newmarket handicap ( future ascot gold cup winner celeric was third ) . make a stand ' s hurdling debut was just as inauspicious , with him finishing down the field in an exeter novice run in very poor visibility .
a tricky sort of ride who has been known to idle in front , carson kept him off the pace among horses until the field , led by highflying , turned into the straight . as foundry lane took over , to be tackled almost immediately by the market ' s second choice snow princess , carson began to weave through the pack .
at newmarket one of carson ' s regular partners , gabr , took the group three van geest criterion stakes , with richard hills deputising . the globetrotting six - year - old , back with robert armstrong this season , beat the subsequent group one winner soviet line over a mile early in the season but had been disappointing since , hence his odds of 14 - 1 .
but switched back to seven furlongs to counteract a tendency to pull , he was far too good for his rivals yesterday , with three lengths to spare over inzar .
the henry cecil - pat eddery - khalid abdullah team , responsible for dushyantor in ireland today , got their weekend off to a bright start with an impressive victory from the unexposed bequeath in the fred archer stakes .
the son of rainbow quest , racing for only the fourth time , quickened on demand inside the final furlong to stride impressively clear . there are some high - flying plans for the chestnut , with next saturday ' s eclipse stakes - in which michael hills has been confirmed the rider of pentire even if his derby winner shaamit runs - now a possible target .
over in france at auteuil , mysilv ' s bid to become the first british - trained winner of the french champion hurdle failed by two lengths . the gallant charlie egerton - trained mare tried to make all in the pounds 100 , 000 event , but was headed three out by the eventual winner earl grant .
it was 15 lengths back to the third horse montperle , and the jockey jamie osborne said :
she ran and jumped her heart out and lost absolutely nothing in defeat .
brett doyle will miss his ride on amfortas in today ' s budweiser irish derby at the curragh due to illness .
doyle , suffering from food poisoning , gave up his rides at newmarket yesterday and will not be able to renew his association with clive brittain ' s shock king edward vii stakes winner in ireland .
darryll holland , recently returned from riding in hong kong , will deputise on the son of caerleon in the curragh feature .
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easycall , who won goodwood ' s richmond stakes , the flying childers stakes at doncaster and ascot ' s cornwallis stakes last year , could develop into a champion sprinter this term . however , in farhana , the duke of york stakes runner - up and hever golf rose , the 1995 prix de l ' abbaye winner , easycall faces tough rivals on his reappearance from a lengthy absence in the group two temple stakes .
the michael - stoute trained insatiable , third to centre stalls in the hambleton rated handicap at york on his reappearance , is the one the bookmakers fear could be the subject of a major office gamble this morning for the whitsun rated handicap .
there was a sense of the past and a glimpse of the future yesterday as enzeli galloped clear in the gold cup . johnny murtagh ' s silks were straight out of a pathe newsreel , the chocolate and green hoops of the old aga khan which won a dozen classics in the 1930s aboard horses like bahram and mahmoud . the thought which fixed itself most firmly , though , was that the astonishing renaissance of races for stayers is not yet complete .
now a new generation seems ready to inherit their legacy , led by the four - year - old enzeli , and other gutsy fighters like invermark , yesterday ' s runner - up . nedawi , last year ' s st leger winner and the beaten favourite yesterday , may yet be a match for them in time , while kayf tara , the gold cup winner 12 months ago and third this time , is still only five .
these horses and more will be back for seasons to come , pulling in racegoers not just at ascot but at goodwood , york and doncaster too . they will all do well to cope with enzeli , though , who was running yesterday for just the eighth time , and must surely get better with age .
the field of 17 was the largest in gold cup history , but enzeli showed everything you could ask of a stayer to beat them off with ease . he travelled smoothly as murtagh , the irish champion jockey , took the inside line throughout the first two miles , and quickened instantly to take a decisive lead over a furlong from home . he then lasted out the 20th and final furlong with real determination as invermark came after him all too late .
the winning colours , those of the current aga khan ' s grandfather , had not been seen on a racecourse for eleven years . that track was epsom , on the first wednesday in june 1988 , when kahyasi carried the green and chocolate silks to victory in the derby . yesterday , one of kahyasi ' s sons did them every bit as much credit .
the cheers were muted as enzeli passed the post at 20 - 1 , but his irish connections had not arrived without hope .
he had to improve by 10lb at least to be in the frame , but he has been giving all the right signals recently ,
john oxx , his trainer , said .
he is normally a lazy worker but his work has been very good recently and this extra distance can improve a horse a lot . i don ' t know whether he will go for the goodwood cup or have a break instead , but he will probably go for the prix du cadran later on .
it was only good fortune which kept enzeli with oxx long enough to win a gold cup .
this race is not normally one i have on my agenda ,
he said ,
because i do not have a lot of older horses , they are usually sold . in fact a lot of people could have bought enzeli last year but he just had one or two little things go wrong .
it would take a wild offer now to prise enzeli away from his trainer , and the aga khan is hardly a man who needs the money . instead , he should become a familiar feature of the flat racing landscape , which certainly needs a few more heroes who stick around .
the defeat of nedawi in the gold cup was excellent news for bookmakers , who had already seen frankie dettori , his jockey , win the first two races . there was never any danger that dettori might repeat his through - the - card trick of two years ago - he did not have a ride in the fifth - but the italian ' s name in conjunction with ascot can still cause bookies to develop a nervous twitch .
both of dettori ' s winners were horses of promise , particularly warm heart , who took the norfolk stakes and now heads to the richmond at goodwood , a lightning - fast track which should suit him well . fairy queen , meanwhile , who won the ribblesdale stakes , will be winning again now that godolphin can be sure she stays 12 furlongs .
the only horse who really mattered yesterday , though , was enzeli .
when will those colours be out again ?
someone asked the aga khan in the winners ' enclosure . the aga smiled and narrowed his eyes .
you must be a punter ,
he said .
i will be the next time i see those colours ,
came the reply . wise man .
the huge personality of frankie dettori dominates racing today , but he is not champion jockey . that honour belongs to the man who has won the championship 11 times , ridden around 4 , 000 winners , 67 of them at the royal meeting .
the horse loves to be ridden like that and i just went out there with so much confidence as the owner and trainer let me do what i wanted ,
eddery said .
it was marvellous .
that david morley managed to send out such a positive message was a tribute to his stagecraft . he actually felt dreadful . the trainer heard rain spattering against his bedroom window in the dark hours and felt like climbing out on to the ledge for a closer inspection .
i was in the depths of despair this morning with all that rain having fallen ,
the newmarket man said .
i was awake from 4 . 15am listening to the rain and the more it came down the more despondent i got . i thought he had no chance .
elsewhere , there were victories for figures who do not have to ask for directions to the winners ' enclosure at the royal meeting . yashmak was devastating in the ribblesdale stakes for henry cecil , while paul cole ' s central park provoked a quote of 25 - 1 for the 1998 2 , 000 guineas from coral with his success in the chesham stakes . but perhaps the most warming success was that of cole ' s former assistant , kevin mcauliffe .
the only people who fancied his tippitt boy in the norfolk stakes were probably those who liked the name or devotees of the system of backing the outsider of six . tippitt boy , however , seemed to be unaware that he was a 33 - 1 option as he caught and passed hopping higgins inside the final furlong .
this is the best day of my life ,
mcauliffe said .
i ' ve always thought he was a good horse , the best two - year - old i have ever trained .
to be fair , that particular race does not require much winning .
mcauliffe has been training from delamere cottage stables in lambourn for four years , employing the expertise he collected at whatcombe .
paul [ cole ] is a very good trainer of two - year - olds and he taught me the bottom line is buying young horses ,
he said .
he taught me that if you buy a selling plater , it will always be a selling plater .
there were plenty who thought tippitt boy was not much above that class before yesterday . after his defeat at redcar in may one of the trade papers opined that he
might be capable of winning a seller on a small track
. they were right .
royal ascot set an attendance record for the third successive day yesterday . the ladies ' day crowd of 77 , 543 beat the previous best of 76 , 640 , set in 1986 .
almaty may be a late withdrawal from today ' s king ' s stand stakes if the rain - softened ground is deemed unsuitable .
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he landed some good bets when showing a good turn of foot to take the northumberland plate at newcastle in june but his best performance came at york last month .
winner of the gold cup in 1995 , the latter was sent off 1 to 2 favourite for this year ' s race but came up against another smart customer in classic cliche .
reams of verse can come out best of some promising fillies in the £25 , 000 added , may hill stakes . henry cecil ' s filly had to work hard to land odds of 4 to 7 at newmarket last time but may have met a smart sort in bint batadee .
reams of verse held on by neck as bint baladee ran very green but the pair put 14 lengths between them and the rest of the field , an impressive distance over seven furlongs , even on rain softened ground . now reams of verse can prove beyond doubt that she ' s a serious 1000 guineas candidate .
at chepstow , miss universal is napped to gain a deserved first success in the silurian scania fillies ' conditions stakes .
one of clive brittain ' s specialities being able to produce horses that can hold their own in smart company before they ' ve even won a race and miss universal is the latest to fall into that category .
she was far from disgraced when under four lengths fifth to shake the yoke in the group one coronation stakes at royal ascot and luck just hasn ' t been on her side since . brett doyle ' s mount subsequently went down by a short head to sheer danzig in the £50 , 000 hong kong jockey club trophy handicap at sandown .
and she would have won a listed race at sandown last lime had not wandering star improved by several pounds to land the spoils . miss universal is the clear form choice and should see off her three rivals with a bit up her sleeve
al shaatl catches the eye in the scania 4 series king of the road handicap . roland o ' sullivan ' s six year old will have been sharpened up by an encouraging run at kempton - his first for six months - and is on a handy mark .
at newton abbot , best bet is second colours , who should have too much speed for her opponents in the thurlestone hotel centenary celebrations novices hurdle .
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adaptable to most garden soils but prefers a humus rich soil in a sunny position . avoid deformed roots by planting them in loose soil free from stones or rocks .
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nutritional target map™ the nutritional target map™ allows you to see at a glance how foods line up with your nutritional and weight - management goals . the closer a food is to the right edge of the map , the more essential nutrients per calorie it contains . for a more nutritious diet , select foods that fall on the right half of the map . the closer a food is to the top edge of the map , the more likely it is to fill you up with fewer calories . if you want to restrict your caloric intake without feeling hungry , choose foods from the top half of the map . foods that are close to the bottom edge are more calorie - dense . if you want to increase your calorie intake without getting too full , choose foods from the bottom half of the map . read more about the nutritional target map
: this food is very low in cholesterol . it is also a good source of dietary fiber , vitamin b6 , magnesium , potassium and manganese , and a very good source of vitamin c and phosphorus .
caloric ratio pyramid™ this graphic shows you what percentage of the calories in a food come from carbohydrates , fats , proteins , and alcohol . if you are trying to achieve a specific distribution of calories , such as the 40 / 30 / 30 distribution of the zone™ diet , or the more traditional 60 / 30 / 10 distribution , the caloric ratio pyramid™ will show you how recipes , meal plans , or individual foods line up with those goals . foods low in fat , for example , will cluster along the bottom edge of the pyramid , ranging from foods that are high in carbohydrates ( at the left edge ) to foods that are high in protein ( at the right edge ) . foods low in carbohydrates will cluster along the right edge of the pyramid , with foods that are high in fat at the upper edge and foods that are high in protein at the lower edge . foods that have roughly the same number of calories from fats , calories , and protein will be found closer to the center of the pyramid . read more about the caloric ratio pyramid
estimated glycemic load™ glycemic load is a way of expressing a food or meal ' s effect on blood - sugar levels . nutrition data’s patent - pending estimated glycemic load™ ( egl ) is available for every food in the database as well as for custom foods , meals , and recipes in your pantry . how to interpret the values : experts vary on their recommendations for what your total glycemic load should be each day . a typical target for total estimated glycemic load is 100 or less per day . if you have diabetes or metabolic syndrome , you might want to aim a little lower . if you are not overweight and are physically active , a little higher is acceptable . read more about the egl
nutrient balance indicator™ this symbol offers a visual representation of a food ' s nutritional strengths and weaknesses , with each spoke representing a different nutrient . the spoke for dietary fiber is colored green , protein is blue , vitamins are purple , minerals are white , and yellow represents a group of commonly overconsumed nutrients : saturated fat , cholesterol , and sodium . a completeness score between 0 and 100 is a relative indication of how complete the food is with respect to these nutrients . although few ( if any ) individual foods provide all the essential nutrients , the nutrient balance indicator and completeness score can help you construct meals that are nutritionally balanced and complete . read more about the nutrient balance indicator
protein quality protein quality is dependent on having all the essential amino acids in the proper proportions . if one or more amino acid is not present in sufficient amounts , the protein in your diet is considered incomplete . each spoke on the protein quality graph represents one of the nine essential amino acids , and the graph shows how close the protein in your diet is to the optimal distribution of amino acids recommended by the institute of medicine ' s food and nutrition board . an amino acid score of 100 or higher indicates a complete or high - quality protein . if the amino acid score is less than 100 , a link is provided to complementary sources of protein . by combining complementary proteins , you may be able to increase the overall quality of the protein you consume . read more about protein quality
this listing does not contain enough data on individual amino acids to determine protein quality .
source : nutrient data for this listing was provided by usda sr - 21 . each
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indicates a missing or incomplete value . percent daily values ( % dv ) are for adults or children aged 4 or older , and are based on a 2 , 000 calorie reference diet . your daily values may be higher or lower based on your individual needs . nutrition data ' s opinion , completeness score , fullness factor , rating , estimated glycemic load ( egl ) , and better choices substitutions are editorial opinions of nutritiondata . com , given without warranty , and are not intended to replace the advice of a nutritionist or health - care professional . nutrition data ' s opinions and ratings are based on weighted averages of the nutrient densities of those nutrients for which the fda has established daily values , and do not consider other nutrients that may be important to your health or take into account your individual needs . consequently , nutrition data ' s higher - rated foods may not necessarily be healthier for you than lower - rated ones . all foods , regardless of their rating , have the potential to play an important role in your diet .
nutrition data ' s opinion nutrition data awards foods 0 to 5 stars in each of three categories , based on their nutrient density ( nd rating ) and their satiating effect ( fullness factor™ ) . foods that are both nutritious and filling are considered better choices for weight loss . foods that are nutritious without being filling are considered better choices for healthy weight gain . foods that have more essential nutrients per calorie are considered better choices for optimum health . nutrition data also indicates whether a food is particularly high or low in various nutrients , according to the dietary recommendations of the fda . read more about nutrition data ' s opinion
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i have been trying to find out what the 17 % celerity charge tincture ( that stacks with healer casted haste ) is called . but with the alchemy names , it seems both haste and celerity charges are called something with
celerity
in the name witch is really bad imo .