momphidae ( mompha moths ) is a family of moths with some 115 described species .

these tend to be rather small moths with a wingspan of up to 21 mm .

the wings are held folded over the body at rest .

the larvae are concealed feeders , either as leaf miners or within seeds or stems .

momphidae

( 1937 ) placed it in momphidae . later the genus was transferred to oecophoridae ( riedl
( lepidoptera ) collected on the maltese islands is provided . sixteen species are recorded ( 1 momphidae ,
from california ( 8 ; lepidoptera : momphidae ( 9 ; . journal of the new york entomological society 100 : 203–208 .
worms ( 2018 ) . momphidae herrich schaffer , 1857 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 989030 on 2018 - 07 - 09
riedl , t . 1969 . matériaux pour la connaissance des momphidae paléarctiques ( 8 ; lepidoptera ( 9 ; . part ix . revue des momphidae européenes et compris quelques espéces d ( 7 ; afrique du nord et du proche - orient . polski pismo entomologica 39 : 635–919 .
heppner j . b . ( 2004 ) mompha moths ( 8 ; lepidoptera : momphidae ( 9 ; . in : encyclopedia of entomology . springer , dordrecht
i am working on the momphidae from south and central america . the fauna on this family is very rich over there , but need to be revised .
luz fa , gonçalves gl , moreira grp , becker vo ( 2014 ) three new cecidogenous species of palaeomystella fletcher ( lepidoptera , momphidae ) from the brazilian atlantic rain forest . zookeys 433 : 97–127 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 433 . 7379
riedl , t . , and a . popescu - gorj . 1974 . catalogue of the momphidae ( 8 ; lepidoptera - gelechioidea ( 9 ; from the collections of the natural history museum “grigore antipa” of bucharest . travaux du muséum d ( 7 ; histoire naturelle “grigore antipa” 14 : 273–298 .
an annotated list of momphidae , batrachedridae , stathmopodidae and cosmopterigidae ( lepidoptera ) collected on the maltese islands is provided . sixteen species are recorded ( 1 momphidae , 1 batrachedridae , 1 stathmopodidae , 13 cosmopterigidae ) , one of them is new to the maltese islands and europe : bifascioides leucomelanellus ( rebel , 1917 ) and three of them are new to the maltese islands : mompha subbistrigella ( haworth , 1828 ) , anatrachyntis badia ( hodges , 1962 ) , and ascalenia echidnias ( meyrick , 1891 ) . mompha subbistrigella ( haworth , 1828 ) and eteobalea serratella ( treitschke , 1833 ) are mentioned as new for sardinia .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
formerly considered a subfamily of coleophoridae ; treated as a full family by heikkilä et al . ( 2013 )
heikkilä , m . , mutanen , m . , kekkonen , m . and kaila , l . 2013 . morphology reinforces proposed molecular phylogenetic affinities : a revised classification for gelechioidea ( lepidoptera ) . cladistics 1 - 27 . ( abstract )
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the momphid moths are small to very small in size , with a wingspan of 0 . 8 - 1 . 6 cm . they are very similar in appearance to blastobasid moths and elachistid moths . little is known about many of these species . in species for which life histories are known , momphid caterpillars feed in buds and seed capsules of evening - primroses and related plants . alternatively , blastobasid larva feed on dead leaves or fallen nuts , and elachistid larvae mine leaves of grasses and sedges .
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huebner , ( 8 ; lepidoptera : lavernidae ( 9 ; . entomologists ( 7 ; gazette 2 : 173–182 , pl . 5 .
monarch butterfly , danaus plexippus l . ( 8 ; lepidoptera : danaidae ( 9 ;
the larva of mompha terminella ( fig . 1 ) makes a full - depth blotch mine in the leaf of enchanter ' s nightshade , circaea lutetiana ( onagraceae ) . active mines can be found from early june through late july ; this may indicate two generations per year . the larva leaves the mine to pupate , which it does in a cocoon of white silk . the coloration of the adult ( orange and black with metallic markings ) is seen in several additional species of nearctic mompha , but the species with this coloration do not form a monophyletic group . mompha terminella also occurs in europe .
figure 1 . mompha terminella . left , adult ; right , larva in leaf mine on enchanter ' s nightshade , circaea lutetiana ( onagraceae ) .
mompha luciferella ( fig . 2 ) has not been reared . in central illinois , adults have been collected at light in early july , in deciduous forest near large populations of enchanter ' s nightshade , circaea lutetiana ( onagraceae ) , which likely is the larval foodplant of m . luciferella . if so , then mature larvae most probably would be found by searching c . lutetiana during the second week of june .
mompha circumscriptella ( fig . 3 ) is one of several eastern - nearctic mompha species that feed on evening primroses , oenothera spp . ( onagraceae ) . the larva of m . circumscriptella is a borer in the fruit of its host , with pupation occurring inside the fruit . the infested fruit does not show any externally - visible evidence to indicate the presence of the m . circumscriptella larva , and the best strategy for rearing is simply to collect and cage entire clusters of fruits .
considerable variation in size of the adult moth and in ground color of the forewing can occur in m . circumscriptella , depending upon the particular species of oenothera from which the moth is reared ( see photo caption ) . genital morphology of all of these different entities is identical , so that , on basis of morphology , all appear to represent a single species , with the observed variation being non - genetic and determined by the larval foodplant . molecular studies might be warranted here , to shed more light on the exact relationships of these moths .
figure 3 . mompha circumscriptella . moths reared from two different species of evening primrose , oenothera ( onagraceae ) . left , small , cinnamon - brown form reared from o . laciniata , which has a relatively small , narrow fruit ; right , large , chocolate - brown form reared from o . biennis , which has a relatively large , massive fruit .
the larva of mompha murtfeldtella ( fig . 4 ) also feeds on the reproductive tissue of evening primroses , oenothera spp . the adult is somewhat similar to that of m . circumscriptella , but the white patch on the posterior margin of the basal half of the forewing is much less extensive in m . murtfeldtella than in that species , and the forewing ground color , which consists of a rather mottled amalgam of grayish brown , rust , and white , with small dashes of black , is less uniform than in m . circumscriptella .
mompha brevivittella ( fig . 5 ) is another species that feeds as a larva in the capsule of evening primroses , oenothera spp . , most frequently o . biennis .
figure 5 . mompha brevivittella . adult , reared from seed capsule of evening primrose , oenothera biennis ( onagraceae ) .
mompha eloisella ( fig . 6 ) is a stem borer in evening primroses , oenothera spp . , including o . biennis . it also has been reared from stem - boring larvae in an alien plant , purple loosestrife , lythrum salicaria ( lythraceae ) . pupation takes place inside the stem . the adult is easily recognized by its distinctive coloring and pattern . remarkable size variation is seen in the adult of this moth , but genital morphology argues that only one species is represented .
figure 7 . mompha stellella . top : adult , reared from flower - boring larva on evening primrose , oenothera biennis ( onagraceae ) ; bottom : left , o . biennis showing a normal , uninfested flower ( on left - hand side of stem ) and a flower infested by the larva of m . stellella ( on right - hand side of stem ) ; right , mature larva of m . stellella , exposed by opening the infested flower that is shown in the left - hand panel .
figure 8 . mompha rufocristatella . top : adult , reared from gall on flower stem of biennial gaura , gaura biennis ( onagraceae ) ; unspread individual , right - lateral aspect , showing the raised tufts of reddish scales on the forewing ; center left : spread adult ; bottom left : gall ( rotated 90 degrees from
upright
orientation seen in right - hand panel ) , dissected to reveal cocoon of m . rufocristatella , the head ( right - hand in this photo ) end of which is seen to be continuous with the emergence window prepared by the larva ; right : gall induced by larva of m . rufocristatella on flower stem of g . biennis , with emergence window visible as a round whitish spot near the apex of the gall .
there are found in illinois several small
black and white
mompha species ( fig . 9 ) . hodges ( 1992 ) reported that at least 12 such species exist in the usa ; most of them remain undescribed . one of these species was reared by annette braun in ohio , from blue waxweed , cuphea viscosissima ( lythraceae ) . this perhaps is not surprising , as an association with cuphea spp . has been reported for mompha in the neotropical region as well ( graham 1995 ) .
figure 9 . mompha spp . of the
black and white
color group . adults , collected at light .
figure 10 . mompha argentimaculella . adult , collected at light in northern indiana . specimen courtesy of james vargo .
the larva of mompha passerella ( fig . 11 ) ( = m . nuptialis ) feeds in the seed capsule of helianthemum and lechea spp . ( cistaceae ) . an externally - similar species , m . bottimeri , likewise feeds in capsules of helianthemum , but m . bottimeri is consistently slightly larger than m . passerella , and the two species are very different on genital morphology .
mompha capella ( fig . 12 ) likewise feeds as a larva in the seed capsule of helianthemum and lechea spp . ( cistaceae ) ; mature larvae occur in late june and early july , with adults emerging during the latter month . in the eastern usa , there are a number of additional , undescribed mompha species that are externally similar to m . capella . those that have been reared also feed on helianthemum spp .
figure 12 . mompha capella . adult , reared from seed capsule of helianthemum canadense ( cistaceae ) . specimen courtesy of dr . george balogh , who reared the moth in michigan .
figure 13 . mompha cephalonthiella . adult , reared from leaf mine on cephalanthus occidentalis ( rubiaceae ) .
until the work of harrison revealed extensive differences in genital morphology of reared moths of both genders . until then , most series of
, as it is by far the more common of the two species within the state . this moth was formally described and named by
. it is named for dr . james solomon , who first noted the shoot - boring habit of the initial generation of the year .
figure 14 . mompha solomoni . adult , reared from leaf mine on cephalanthus occidentalis ( rubiaceae ) .
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the family contains only the genus mompha of which more than 100 species have been described . most species occur in north america . no representatives are known from asia , the orient , and australia ( scoble 1992 : 248 ) . identification : bradley 1951 , gozmány 1958 , koster 2002c , koster & sinev 2003 , opheim 1971 , riedl 1969 , 1984 , wakely 1945 , zagulyaev & sinev 1990a . nomenclature according to fauna europaea . species in belgium : 16 .
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fernando a . luz , 1 gislene l . gonçalves , 2 , 3 gilson r . p . moreira , 4 and vitor o . becker 5
1 ppg ecologia , departamento de ecologia , instituto de biociências , universidade federal do rio grande do sul , av . bento gonçalves 9500 , porto alegre , rs , 91501 - 970 , brazil
2 ppg biologia animal , departamento de zoologia , instituto de biociências , universidade federal do rio grande do sul , av . bento gonçalves , 9500 , porto alegre , rs 91501 - 970 , brazil
4 departamento de zoologia , instituto de biociências , universidade federal do rio grande do sul , av . bento gonçalves 9500 , porto alegre , rs , 91501 - 970 , brazil
5 reserva serra bonita , p . o . box 001 , camacan , ba 45880 - 970 , brazil
corresponding author : gilson r . p . moreira ( rb . sgrfu @ arierom . noslig )
copyright fernando a . luz , gislene l . gonçalves , gilson r . p . moreira , vitor o . becker
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( cc by 4 . 0 ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
in the course of an ongoing survey on the diversity of microlepidopterans in the atlantic rain forest , brazil , three momphid species associated with galls induced on three different species of tibouchina were found recently : one morphotype in bahia and two others in rio grande do sul . a comparison between their inducers and type material not only revealed the generic affinity of these microlepidopterans with palaeomystella , but also indicated that they have diagnosable , stable , distinctive characters . therefore , three new species are proposed here ; their last larval instar , pupal and adult stages are described and illustrated , and their life history , including a general description of their galls , is characterized . a preliminary phylogenetic inference based on mitochondrial dna sequences , including additional members of the genus , is also presented .
) solution and mounted on slides with either glycerin jelly or canada balsam . observations were made with the aid of a leica® m125 stereomicroscope . structures selected to be drawn were previously photographed with an attached sony® cyber - shot dsc - h10 digital camera . then , vectorized line drawings were made with the software corelphotopaint® x4 , using the corresponding digitalized images as a guide . at least five specimens were used for the descriptions of each life stage . measurements were made with an attached ocular micrometer ; values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless noted otherwise .
specimens used in scanning electron microscope ( sem ) analyses were dehydrated in a bal - tec® cpd030 critical - point dryer , mounted with double - sided tape on metal stubs , and coated with gold in a bal - tec® scd050 sputter coater . they were examined and photographed in a jeol® jsm5800 scanning electron microscope at centro de microscopia eletrônica ( cme ) of ufrgs .
. pcr products were treated with exonuclease i and fastap™ thermosensitive alkaline phosphatase ( thermo scientific ) , sequenced using the bigdye® chemistry , and analyzed on an abi3730xl dna analyzer ( applied biosystems inc . ) at macrogen ( seoul , republic of korea ) . sequences were aligned and visually inspected using the algorithm clustal x in mega 5 (
) running in full mode with no manual adjustment . all data generated in this study were deposited in genbank under the accession numbers
of brazil
( mombr001 - 14 to 014 - 14 ) . a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed in order to test the proposed hypothesis of monophyletic status for the three members of
and with other species were also investigated . the single currently recognized and named taxon (
sp . 2 ) were used in order to cover the widest possible diversity of the genus . accordingly , variants that match exactly the previously sequenced region in a representative taxon of the sister group of
specimens used in this study to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the new species of paleomystella , based on cytochrome oxidase subunit i sequences .
dzup coll . padre jesus s . moure , departamento de zoologia , universidade federal do paraná , curitiba , paraná .
lmci laboratório de morfologia e comportamento de insetos , universidade federal do rio grande do sul , porto alegre , rio grande do sul .
mctp museu de ciências e tecnologia da pontifícia universidade católica do rio grande do sul , porto alegre , rio grande do sul .
vob coll . vitor o . becker , reserva serra bonita , camacan , bahia .
spread right wings ( left column ) , head and thorax in detail ( right column ) of pinned palaeomystella species , dorsal view : a–b palaeomystella fernandesi c–d palaeomystella rosaemariae e–f palaeomystella tavaresi . scale bars = 2 , 0 . 5 , 2 , 0 . 5 , 2 and 0 . 5 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella fernandesi adult morphology : a wings b male valva , mesolateral view c male eighth sternum , ventral view d juxta , ventral e ventral spines of the valva upper section in detail ( rectangular area shown in b ) , mesolateral view f male genitalia , lateral view g aedeagus , lateral view ( asterisk indicates attached juxta - lobes ) h male genitalia , ventral view ( transtilla , aedeagus and juxta not illustrated ) i female genitalia , ventral view ( corpus bursae not illutrated ) j female genitalia , lateral view . scale bars = 1 mm ; 200 , 200 , 100 , 50 , 200 , 200 , 200 and 250µm ; 0 . 5 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella fernandesi last larval instar : a cephalic chaetotaxy , frontal view b thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy , lateral view c head and prothoracic shield in detail , dorsal view d body , lateral view . scale bars = 50 µm , 1 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella fernandesi pupa , in dorsal ( a ) , ventral ( b ) and lateral ( c ) views , respectively . scale bar = 1 mm .
scanning electron micrographs of palaeomystella species pupal cremaster , in dorsal view ( left column ) , apical process in detail ( central column ) and lateral view ( right column ) : a–b palaeomystella fernandesi c–d palaeomystella rosaemariae ; e–f palaeomystella tavaresi . scale bars = 100 , 20 , 200 , 100 , 20 , 200 , 100 , 20 , 200 µm , respectively .
galls induced by palaeomystella species : a–c palaeomystella fernandesi d – f palaeomystella rosaemariae g – i palaeomystella tavaresi a on tibouchina sellowiana , general view b operculum made by last - instar larva on gall surface before pupation ; c pupal cocoon in a dissected gall ( arrow indicates the operculum shown in b ) d on tibouchina asperior , general view e exit hole made by last larval instar on gall surface f pupal cocoon constructed between two leaves , uncovered by pulling them apart ( direction indicated by arrows ) g on tibouchina fissinervia , general view h longitudinally dissected gall , showing gall chamber ( arrow indicates position of exit orifice on cocoon ) i internal chamber in detail , showing the exit orifice on cocoon ( asterisk ) . scale bars = 10 , 2 , 4 , 10 , 5 , 4 , 10 , 10 , 2 mm , respectively .
although showing congeneric affinity , palaeomystella fernandesi has morphological features that in conjunction distinguish it from all known palaeomystella species , as follows : 1 ) male genitalia with upper section of valve narrowing distally , forming a single process that bends medially ; 2 ) pupa with cremaster short and apically rounded , with four pairs of setae ; 3 ) galls of fusiform type , external surface without conspicuous ornament , bearing a few longitudinal carinae , induced on stem of tibouchina sellowiana apical branches .
) . sexes similar in size and color ; forewing length 4 . 68 to 6 . 11 mm ( n = 7 ) .
) : frons and vertex creamy white ; labial palpus mostly dark brown , basal segments angled laterally , terminal segment slightly angled upward ; antennae dark brown ; proboscis yellowish brown .
: tegula and mesonotum whitish creamy white with pale - brown scales ; legs dark brown . forewing (
) : lanceolate , with 13 veins ; l / w index ~ 5 . 1 ; dorsally covered mostly by dark - brown scales ; with three interconnected white areas that form a longitudinal s - like band ; one proximal , rounded , in the anal area , made of pale - creamy white scales , followed by a short stripe aligned in the cubital area , made of creamy white scales , and a third , also rounded and faint , in the cell , made of pale - creamy white scales ; a tenuous , u - shaped band of pale - gray scales following the contours of the tornus ; three raised tufts of pale - gray scales , located posteriorly to cubitus , in anal area , in line with mid - cell , and near tornal area respectively ; fringes dark brown ; ventrally mostly covered by dark - brown scales ; retinaculum subcostal ; discal cell closed , ~ 0 . 8× length of forewing , ending near 1 / 5 of wing margin ; sc ending ca . middle of anterior margin ; r 5 - branched ; r
stalked ca . 1 / 2 distance from the cell apex ; m 3 - branched ; cua 2 - branched ; cup weak proximally and not stalked , with well - developed 1a + 2a extending more than 1 / 2 posterior margin . hindwing (
) : strongly lanceolate , with nine veins ; l / w index ~ 7 . 2 , ~ 0 . 8 forewing in length ; scales dark brown on both sides ; fringes dark brown ; frenulum a single acanthus in male , with two distally directed acanthi in female ; sc + r
ending ca . 1 / 2 anterior margin ; rs ending ca . 1 / 5 anterior margin ; m 3 - branched , m
) anteriorly expanded medially into a short lobe , associated with a subtriangular sternite .
) . papillae anales connected dorsally , narrowed distally , setose ; anterior apophyses with arms slightly curved , similar in length to posterior apophyses ; sterigma divided into a bandlike tergum and a distally bilobed sternum , shallowly and widely emarginate medially ; ostium bursae small , wider than long ; ductus bursae membranous , shorter than corpus bursae ; ductus seminalis inserted distally ; corpus bursae an elongate sac , with no sclerotizations on inner wall .
holotype ♂ brazil : centro de pesquisas e conservação da natureza pró - mata ( cpcn pró - mata ; 29°29 ' 16
s , 50°10 ' 60
w ; 925 m ) , são francisco de paula , rs , brazil . dry preserved pinned adults , reared from galls induced on tibouchina sellowiana ( cham . ) cogn . ( melastomataceae ) , lmci 210 - 56 , 7–9 . iii . 2013 , by g . r . p . moreira , f . a . luz and l . t . pereira , donated to dzup ( 29 . 409 ) . paratypes : same data , 26 . iii . 2012 , by g . r . p . moreira , f . a . luz and p . pollo ; 2♀ ( lmci 174 - 161 and 162 ) , donated to dzup ( 29 . 410 and 29 . 411 ) ; 1♂ ( lmci 174 - 157 ) with genitalia in glycerin ( grpm 50 - 51 ) and 1♀ ( lmci 174 - 158 ) , donated to mctp ( 36 . 225 and 36 . 226 , respectively ) .
with the same collection data , deposited in lmci . adults , dried and pinned : 2♂ ( lmci 174 - 159 and 210 - 49 ) , 1♀ ( lmci 174 - 160 ) , 1♀ ( lmci 174 - 163 ) with genitalia in glycerin ( grpm 50 - 52 ) . adults , fixed in kahle - dietrich’s fluid and preserved in 70 % etoh : 1♂ ( lmci 174 - 165 ) , 3♀ ( lmci 174 - 164 , 166 and 167 ) . slide preparations , mounted in canada balsam : genitalia , 3♂ ( grpm 50 - 29 , 47 and 48 ) , 1♀ ( grpm 50 - 28 ) ; wings , 2 ♂ ( grpm 50 - 45 and 50 ) , 1♀ ( grpm 50 - 46 ) ; larvae , 2 last instars ( grpm 50 - 49 ) . immature stages , fixed in kahle - dietrich’s fluid and preserved in 70 % etoh : 8 last - instar larvae ( lcmi 174 - 52 ) ; 7 pupae ( lmci 174 - 168 , 169 and 223 ; and 210 - 16 ) ; 10 galls ( lmci 174 - 47 to 49 , 174 - 217 to 222 , and 210 - 15 ) . in tissue collection , 9 larvae ( lmci 174 - 50 and 56 ) fixed and preserved in 100 % etoh , at - 20°c .
) , 3 . 51 to 7 . 01 mm ( n = 6 ) . cecidogenous , endophyllous , semiprognathous , and tissue - feeder . body with setae well developed .
) : brown , with two paler mid - dorsal areas ; smooth , with shallow ridges ; labrum shallowly notched ; frons higher than wide , extending ca . 3 / 4 epicranial notch ; six stemmata arranged in c - shape . chaetotaxy (
) : a - group trisetose ; l - group unisetose ; p - group bisetose ; md trisetose ; c - group bisetose ; f - group unisetose ; af - group bisetose ; s - group trisetose ; ss - group trisetose . a1 , a3 , p1 and s2 about equal in length , longest setae on head ; c1 , c2 , f1 , a2 , af2 , l1 intermediate in length ; af1 shorter ; md1–3 very reduced and aligned with each other . antenna two - segmented . mandibles broad with four teeth , and one seta on outer surface ; labium broad , with two - segmented palpus and spinneret parallel - sided ; maxilla prominent .
) : prothoracic shield light brown , divided longitudinally by indistinctly marked , unpigmented area ; anal fig brown . thoracic legs slightly pigmented . prolegs on a3–a6 and a10 of equal size ; crochets in a circle , uniserial and uniordinal . thorax chaetotaxy : t1 with d - group bisetose , both located on the dorsal shield , d1 shorter than d2 ; xd - group bisetose , setae similar in length and both on the dorsal shield ; sd bisetose , laterally on the dorsal shield ; l - group bisetose , l1 longer than l2 ; sv - group bisetose , posteroventral to l2 , sv1 slightly longer than sv2 ; v - group unisetose . t2 and t3 with d - and sd - groups bisetose , median - transversely aligned ; d2 and sd1 similar in length , and longer than d1 and sd2 respectively ; l trisetose , l3 posterior to l1–l2 , similar in length to l1 ; sv unisetose ; v unisetose . abdomen chaetotaxy : d - group bisetose ; a1–9 with d2 slightly longer than d1 , and a10 with d1 longer than d2 ; sd - group bisetose , a1–7 with sd1 slightly longer than sd2 and a10 with sd2 longer than sd1 , sd2 absent in a9 ; a1–8 with l - group bisetose , l1 longer than l2 , l2 absent in a9 ; a1–8 with sv - group bisetose , sv1 slightly shorter than sv2 , sv1 absent in a9 ; v - group unisetose .
) , 4 . 42 to 6 . 11 mm long ( n = 5 ) . body elongate - oval in dorsal and ventral views , widest and dorsally raised in mesothoracic region . integument weakly melanized , mostly smooth , with a few scattered microsetae dorsally . frontoclypeal suture not evident . labrum u - shaped . labial palpi long ; antennae arched anteriorly and separate , approximate and parallel posteriorly to distal margins of maxillae , surpassing apical margin of forewings ; maxillae extending distally between sclerites of mid - legs ; femora of midleg not fused distally ; femora of foreleg extending beyond widest part of labial palpi . cremaster (
) short and apically rounded , with four pairs of setae ; one latero - basally , another latero - dorsally and two latero - distally .
known only from the type locality , in the dense umbrophilous forest ( = brazilian atlantic rain forest sensu stricto ) portions of the cpcn pró - mata , são francisco de paula , rs , brazil .
tibouchina sellowiana ( cham . ) cogn . ( melastomataceae ) . a small tree ( 3 to 6 m ) , endemic to the coastal montane forests of southern brazil , ranging from minas gerais to rio grande do sul , usually flowering in april–may ( souza 1986 , guimarães 2014 ) .
at the type locality , during spring ( october ) and summer ( february ) . they are prosoplasmatic histioid ( küster , in
) ; without conspicuous projections , bearing a few longitudinal carinae on surface and changing gradually from green to violet as ages ; fleshy , without uniformly defined internal chamber ; unilocular , unilarval . most of them house a specialized kleptoparasitic gelechiid moth , whose complex natural history is described in detail elsewhere (
) . those that are free from the kleptoparasite fall to the ground in late larval ontogeny and larva complete development on the ground . pupation occurs inside the gall , within a cylindrical , longitudinally arranged cocoon made of woven white silk (
named in honor of prof . dr . geraldo wilson fernandes , departamento de biologia geral , instituto de ciências biológicas , universidade federal de minas gerais , for his great contributions to the development of cecidology in the neotropics .
palaeomystella rosaemariae adult morphology : a wings b male valva , mesolateral view c male eighth sternum , ventral view d juxta , ventral ; e aedeagus , lateral view ( asterisk indicates attached juxta - lobes ) f male genitalia , lateral view g signum , internal view h male genitalia , ventral view ( transtilla , aedeagus and juxta not illustrated ) i female genitalia , ventral view ( corpus bursae not illustrated ) j female genitalia , lateral view . scale bars = 1 mm ; 200 , 200 , 100 , 200 , 100 , 200 , 200 and 250 µm ; 0 . 5 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella rosaemariae last larval instar : a cephalic chaetotaxy , frontal view b thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy , lateral view c head and prothoracic shield in detail , dorsal view d body , lateral view . scale bars = 50 µm , 1 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella rosaemariae pupa , in dorsal ( a ) , ventral ( b ) and lateral ( c ) views , respectively . scale bar = 1 mm .
) . sexes similar , forewing length 4 . 81 to 5 . 59 mm ( n = 5 ) .
) : frons pale brown ; vertex and labial palpus and antenna with pale - brown scales tipped with dark brown ; labial palpus with basal segments angled laterally , terminal segment slightly angled upward ; proboscis yellowish brown .
: tegula and mesonotum with pale - brown scales tipped with dark brown , posterior scales having more pale brown ; fore and midlegs dark brown ; hindlegs pale brown , tibia and tarsus with intermixed dark - brown scales . forewing (
) : lanceolate , with 13 veins ; l / w index ~ 4 . 5 ; dorsally covered by pale - brown scales intermixed with scattered , pale - brown scales tipped with dark brown , and with longitudinally aligned groups of brown scales ; a narrow , ill - defined , dark - brown streak bisecting the wing longitudinally from base to tornus ; 3 raised scale tufts located posterior to cubitus , including 1 wider tuft in anal area , 1 in line with midcell , and 1 near tornal area ; fringes pale brown , interspersed with a few pale - brown scales tipped with dark brown ; tornal area with two bands of pale - brown scales tipped with blackish brown ; ventrally , mostly uniformly covered with dark - brown scales ; retinaculum subcostal ; discal cell closed , ~ 2 / 3 length of forewing ; ending near 1 / 5 of wing margin ; sc ending ca . middle of anterior margin ; r 5 - branched ; r
stalked ca . 1 / 4 distance from the cell apex ; m 3 - branched ; cua 2 - branched ; cup weak proximally and not stalked , with 1a + 2a that is well developed , extending more than half length of posterior margin . hindwing (
) strongly lanceolate , with 9 veins ; l / w index ~ 6 . 4 , ~ 0 . 8 forewing in length ; scales pale brown on both sides ; fringes pale brown ; frenulum with a single acanthus in male , and with two acanthi in female , proximal acanthus anteriorly divergent , and distal acanthus parallel to wing anterior margin ; sc + r
ending at ca . 1 / 2 anterior margin ; rs ending at ca . 1 / 5 anterior margin ; m 3 - branched ; cua 2 - branched , with cua
stalked to m3 ; cup weakly sclerotized , ending at 1 / 3 posterior margin ; 1a + 2a well developed , ending near basis of posterior margin .
) anteriorly expanded medially into a slender , sharply pointed lobe , associated with a subtrapezoidal sternite .
) covered with several long setae , divided near 1 / 3 from base , with flat , broad sacculus tapering distad , and long , spatulate costa , rounded distally and gradually constricted toward base .
holotype ♂ : brazil : private farm belonging to antonio malta , coxilha das lombas , 30°02 ' 13
s , 50°36 ' 30
w , 17 m , santo antônio da patrulha , rs , brazil . dry preserved pinned adults , reared from galls induced on tibouchina asperior ( cham . ) cogn . ( melastomataceae ) , lmci 211 , 12 . iii . 2013 , by g . r . p . moreira , f . a . luz and s . bordignon , ( lmci 211 - 12 ) , donated to dzup ( 29 . 412 ) . paratypes : same data , 1♂ , 1♀ ( lmci 211 - 14 and 06 ) with genitalia in glycerin ( grpm 50 - 43 and 44 ) , donated to dzup ( 29 . 413 and 29 . 414 , respectively ) .
dry preserved pinned adults , with the same collection data , deposited in lmci under the following accession numbers : 2♂ ( lmci 211 - 07 and 10 ) ; 1♀ ( lmci 211 - 11 ) . slide preparations , mounted in canada balsam : genitalia , 2♂ ( grpm 50 - 38 and 39 ) , 1♀ ( grpm 50 - 40 ) ; wings , 1♂ ( grpm 50 - 36 ) , 1♀ ( grpm 50 - 37 ) ; larvae , 2 last instars ( grpm 50 - 41 and 42 ) . immature stages , fixed in kahle - dietrich’s fluid and preserved in 70 % etoh : 6 last - instar larvae ( lcmi 211 - 17 to 22 ) ; 3 pupae ( lmci 211 - 5 , 9 and 26 ) ; 6 mature , intact galls ( lmci 211 - 25 ) . in tissue collection , 6 larvae ( lmci 211 - 8 ) , fixed and preserved in 100 % ethanol , at - 20°c .
) , 4 . 94 to 9 . 88 mm long ( n = 5 ) . cecidogenous , endophyllous except prior to pupation , semiprognathous and tissue - feeder . body subcylindrical , creamy white , changing to red when mature prior to exit the gall ; with setae well developed .
) : pale brown , interspersed with two pairs of darker mid - dorsal areas ; smooth , with shallow ridges ; labrum shallowly notched ; frons higher than wide , extending ca . 3 / 4 epicranial notch ; six stemmata arranged in c - shaped configuration . chaetotaxy (
) : a - group trisetose ; l - group unisetose ; p group bisetose ; md trisetose ; c group bisetose ; f group unisetose ; af group bisetose ; s group trisetose ; ss group trisetose . a1 , a3 , p1 and s2 about equal in length , longest setae on head ; c1 , c2 , f1 , a2 , af2 , l1 intermediate in length ; af1 absent ; md1–3 very reduced and aligned with each other . antenna two - segmented . mandibles broad with four teeth , and one seta on the outer surface ; labium broad , with two - segmented palpus , the distal segment minute ; spinneret parallel - sided ; maxilla prominent .
) : prothoracic shield and anal fig slightly marked by irregularly shaped , small light - brown blots . thoracic legs also scarcely pigmented . prolegs on a3 - a6 and a10 of equal size ; crochets in a semicircle , uniserial and uniordinal . thorax chaetotaxy : t1 with d group bisetose , both located on dorsal shield , d1 shorter than d2 ; xd group bisetose , similar in length and both on the dorsal shield ; sd bisetose , laterally on the dorsal shield ; l group bisetose , l1 longer than l2 ; sv group bisetose , posteroventral to l2 , sv1 slightly longer than sv2 ; v group unisetose . t2 and t3 with d and sd groups bisetose , median - transversely aligned ; d2 and sd1 similar in length , and longer than d1 and sd2 respectively ; l trisetose , l3 posteriorly , similar in length to l1 ; sv unisetose ; v unisetose . abdomen chaetotaxy : d group bisetose ; a1–9 with d2 slightly longer than d1 , and a10 with d1 longer than d2 ; sd group bisetose , a1–7 with sd1 slightly longer than sd2 and a10 with sd2 longer than sd1 , sd2 absent in a9 ; a1–8 with l group trisetose , l1 longer than l2 , l1 and l2 absent in a9 ; a1–8 with sv group trisetose , sv3 absent in a7–9 ; v group unisetose .
) , 5 . 59 to 6 . 76 mm long ( n = 3 ) , elongate in dorsal and ventral views , slightly wider in thoracic region . integument light amber - colored , mostly smooth , with a few scattered microsetae dorsally . frontoclypeal suture not evident . labrum u - shaped . labial palpi long ; antennae arched anteriorly and separate , approximate and parallel posteriorly to distal margins of maxillae , reaching apical margin of forewings ; maxillae extending distally between sclerites of midlegs ; femora of midleg not fused distally ; femora of foreleg extending beyond widest part of labial palpi . cremaster (
) long , tubular , dorsally directed , bearing latero - apically a pair of distally conspicuous , anteriorly curved spines .
palaeomystella rosaemariae is known only from the type locality , the fragments of lowland dense umbrophilous atlantic forest of coxilha das lombas , santo antônio da patrulha , rs , brazil .
tibouchina asperior ( cham . ) cogn . ( melastomataceae ) , a shrub ( 0 . 5 to 1 . 0 m ) , in humid grassland areas , endemic to santa catarina and rio grande do sul ( souza 1986 , guimarães 2014 ) . at coxilha das lombas , where the southernmost portions of lowland dense umbrophilous atlantic forest occurs , these shrubs are common along the borders of forest fragments located in poorly drained , swampy areas , associated with the formation of lagoons and also influenced by sand dunes .
are located at distal axillary buds of the host . at the type locality , they occur in low numbers per plant . galls are prosoplasmatic histioid ( küster , in
) ; small , delicate , globoid ( 5 . 2 to 7 . 28 mm long ; n = 7 ) , green to reddish , covered with several short spine - like projections (
) . unilocular , unilarval , pupates away from the gall . little is known about the life history of this species . in laboratory , mature last instar larva invariably made a lateral orifice by chewing the gall wall (
) and moved directly to the bottom of the plastic pot . there , they promptly began to construct a cocoon by tying together small pieces of dried leaves with silk , where the pupation occurred (
) . the adult emerged through a slit made at the terminal end of the cocoon . specimens that pupated in the laboratory during the summer emerged as adults in the following autumn ( may ) .
named in honor of prof . dr . rosy mary dos santos isaias , an anatomist of the departamento de botânica , instituto de ciências biológicas , universidade federal de minas gerais , for her great contributions to the development of cecidology in the neotropics .
palaeomystella tavaresi adult morphology : a wings b male valva , mesolateral view c male eighth sternum , ventral view d juxta , ventral ; e aedeagus , lateral view ( asterisk indicates attached juxta - lobes ) f male genitalia , lateral view g signum , internal view h male genitalia , ventral view ( transtilla , aedeagus and juxta not illustrated ) i female genitalia , ventral view ( corpus bursae not illustrated ) h female genitalia , lateral view . scale bars = 1 mm ; 200 , 250 , 50 , 200 , 100 , 200 , 200 and 250 µm ; 0 . 5 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella tavaresi last larval instar : a cephalic chaetotaxy , frontal view b thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy , lateral view c head and prothoracic shield in detail , dorsal view d body , lateral view . scale bars = 50 µm , 1 mm , respectively .
palaeomystella tavaresi pupa , in dorsal ( a ) , ventral ( b ) and lateral ( c ) views , respectively . scale bar = 1 mm .
walshia sp . lima 1945 : 303–305 , figs 180 , 183 , 184 , misidentification .
) . sexes similar , forewing length 7 . 02 to 9 . 23 mm ( n = 8 ) .
) ; labial palpus pale brown , basal segments angled laterally , terminal segment slightly angled upward ; antennae brown ; proboscis yellowish brown .
) with brown scales tipped with dark brown , posterior scales paler brown ; fore and midlegs dark brown ; hindlegs pale brown , tibia and tarsus with intermixed dark - brown scales . forewings (
) : lanceolate , with 13 veins ; l / w index ~ 4 . 4 ; dorsally covered with brown scales , intermixed with dark - brown scales tipped with black , and pale - brown scales ; a narrow , ill - defined , dark - brown streak bisects the wing longitudinally from base to a brown , subapical , crescentic marking , edged distally with dark - gray scales ; 3 raised scale tufts located posterior to cubitus , in anal area , in line with midcell , and near tornal area , respectively ; fringes pale brown ; ventral side most uniformly covered with dark - brown scales ; discal cell closed , ~ 0 . 7× length of forewing ; ending near 1 / 5 wing margin ; sc ending ca . 1 / 3 anterior margin ; r 5 - branched ; r
stalked ca . 1 / 2 distance from cell apex ; m 3 - branched ; cua 2 - branched ; cup weak proximally and not stalked , with 1a + 2a that is well developed , extending more than half length of posterior margin . hindwing (
) : strongly lanceolate , with 9 veins ; l / w index ~ 5 . 4 , ~ 0 . 84 forewing in length ; scales light brown on both sides ; fringes pale brown ; frenulum a single acanthus on male , with two parallel - sided acanthi in female . sc + r
stalked near rs ; cua 2 - branched ; cup weakly sclerotized , ending at 1 / 2 posterior margin ; 1a + 2a well developed , ending near basis of posterior margin .
( not illustrated ) : scales pale brown intermixed with gray scales , with transverse irregular rows of spiniform setae on terga 2–7 in both sexes . eighth sternum (
) expanded anteromedially into a stout , rounded lobe , associated with a subtrapezoidal sternite .
) covered by several long setae , divided near 1 / 3 from the basis , with sacculus spatulate , tapering distad , and costa long , palmate , gradually constricted basad .
holotype ♂ : brazil : reserva serra bonita , 15°23 ' 30
s , 39°33 ' 57
w , 832 m , camacan , ba , brazil . adults preserved dried and pinned , reared from galls induced on tibouchina fissinervia ( schrank & mart . ex dc . ) cogn . ( melastomataceae ) by g . r . p . moreira , 15–21 . x . 2013 , lmci 230 - 05 , donated to dzup ( 29 . 415 ) . paratypes : same data , 17–23 . ii . 2013 , lmci 209 ; 1♂ ( lmci 209 - 31 ) , 1♀ ( lmci 230 - 20 ) , donated to dzup ( 29 . 416 and 29 . 417 , respectively ) ; 1♂ ( lmci 230 - 06 ) , 2♀ ( lmci 230 - 09 and 22 ) donated to vob .
adults dried and pinned , collected in light traps at the type locality , deposited in vob : 1♂ ( vob 144730 ) , - . viii . 2009 , by f . l . santos ; 1♂ ( vob 146783 , with genitalia mounted on slide ) , - . ix . 2010 , by v . o . becker . additional specimens , with the same collection data as the type material , deposited in lmci : adults dried and pinned , 6♂ ( lmci 230 - 07 , 15 , 16 , 17 and 21 ; lmci 230 - 08 , with genitalia in glycerin grpm 50 - 57 ) and 6♀ ( lmci 230 - 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 and 19 ; lmci 230 - 23 , with genitalia in glycerin grpm 50 - 58 ) . slide preparations , mounted in canada balsam : adults , 1♂ ( grpm 50 - 54 ) , 1♀ ( grpm 50 - 55 ) ; wings , 1♂ ( grpm 50 - 53 ) ; larvae , 2 last instars ( grpm 50 - 56 ) . immature stages , fixed in kahle - dietrich’s fluid and preserved in 70 % etoh : 5 last - instar larvae ( lcmi 209 - 13 and 14 , and 230 - 2 ) ; 6 pupae ( lmci 209 - 7 , 11 , 18 , and 230 - 1 ) ; 12 dissected galls ( lmci 209 - 21 and 22 , 230 - 3 and 4 ) . in tissue collection , 6 larvae ( lmci 209 - 06 ) fixed and preserved in 100 % etoh , at - 20°c .


harpa doris , common name the rose harp , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family harpidae , the harp snails .

harpa doris

species harpa striata lamarck , 1816 accepted as harpa cabriti p . fischer , 1860
title : harpa doris location : s tome e principe , sao tome and principe description : harpa sea snail [ harpa doris ] on a blue background . lives on te african west coats and is usually burried in sand keywords : stamp , shell , 1 . 50 db , blue , 1981 , wolfgang hartwig , lito nacional , porto , portugal , harpa doris
species harpa ventricosa lamarck , 1816 accepted as harpa cabriti p . fischer , 1860 ( invalid : junior homonym of harpa ventricosa lamarck , 1801 )
species harpa multicostata g . b . sowerby i , 1822 accepted as harpa costata ( linnaeus , 1758 )
message please keep me informed when a similar specimen ( harpa - doris giant ! - [ senegal ] ( röding , 1798 ) ) is available .
harpa doris approaching her berth at praia , cape verde april 09 2015 . former name : launched as vadero trym built by selay gemi - tuzla , turkey 2009 .
harpa rosea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
harpa doris robusta ( röding , 1798 ) live taken , fine + + + , slightly smoothed terminal ridge ; splendid ! - extra heavy specimen close to the wrs ; 82 . 5 mm ; cape verde islands , são nicolau , carriçal ; scuba diving at 12 - 14m . ; november 2012 . [ har101 ]
( of harpa robusta röding , 1798 ) dance , s . p . & g . t . poppe , 1999 family harpidae . in : a conchological iconography ( conchbooks , ed . ) , 69 p . [ details ]
( of harpa robusta röding , 1798 ) rehder h . a . ( 1973 ) . the family harpidae of the world . indo - pacific mollusca 3 ( 16 ) : 207 - 274 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of harpa rosea lamarck , 1816 ) rehder h . a . ( 1973 ) . the family harpidae of the world . indo - pacific mollusca 3 ( 16 ) : 207 - 274 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of harpa rosea lamarck , 1816 ) gofas , s . ; afonso , j . p . ; brandào , m . ( ed . ) . ( s . a . ) . conchas e moluscos de angola = coquillages et mollusques d ' angola . [ shells and molluscs of angola ] . universidade agostinho / elf aquitaine angola : angola . 140 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of harpa rosea lamarck , 1816 ) lamarck , j . b . p . a . de monet de ( 1798 - 1816 ) . encyclopédie méthodique . tableau encyclopédie et méthodique de trois règnes de la nature . vers , coquilles , mollusques et polypiers , livraison 64 , part 21 : pls . 287 - 390 ( 28 april 1798 ) ; livr . 84 , part 23 : 1 - 16 ( = liste des objects représentés dans les planches de cette livraison ) , pls . 391 - 488 ( 14 december 1816 ) . – paris ( v . agasse ) . page ( s ) : vol . 3 , pl . 404 , fig . 2 [ details ]
rolán e . , 2005 . malacological fauna from the cape verde archipelago . part 1 , polyplacophora and gastropoda . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
bernard , p . a . ( ed . ) ( 1984 ) . coquillages du gabon [ shells of gabon ] . pierre a . bernard : libreville , gabon . 140 , 75 plates pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
dance , s . p . & g . t . poppe , 1999 family harpidae . in : a conchological iconography ( conchbooks , ed . ) , 69 p . [ details ]
rehder h . a . ( 1973 ) . the family harpidae of the world . indo - pacific mollusca 3 ( 16 ) : 207 - 274 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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shell gallery view « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc . » conchological megadatabase on mollusks
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( 1973 ) . rehder presented 11 species of living harps . there have been many new taxa proposed since 1973 . all but one are now generally accepted as forms of one or the other of the 11 species addressed by rehder . only
rehder , 1993 is mostly accepted as a valid addition to his 1973 list . whether or not all 11 of the taxa addressed by rehder ( plus
) are truly separate species or if the many localized forms given species / subspecies names actually represent separate species will have to await a comprehensive dna analysis .
( two or one blotch ) to be able to accept his argument . i would also note that the characters described for
( “body whorl … more broadly ovate and rounded , ” “ribs tend to be narrower and more distant” ) . my own opinion is that
species addressed by rehder and the
accepted
species addressed 31 and 42 years later .
. indo - pacific mollusca , volume 3 , no . 16 . delaware museum of natural history .
are quite variable within populations and across geographic range . so variable that they occur readily across taxa , especially those that share common geographic distributions and influences , and most often cannot be relied upon to distinguish between species when confronted with a particular specimen . in my presentations i have limited the features discussed to those that should be relied upon to distinguish among taxa . i have presented the protoconchs for all , but did not find this feature to be helpful ( too variable , too often missing or incomplete , and too similar ) in distinguishing among taxa , except in a few cases (
) . i did not find color to be helpful for taxa that are otherwise close and from the same locales . i did not find reliance on “blotching” to be more than partially helpful without linkage to other confirming features . i have addressed the distribution of parietal glazing and found it to be quite helpful and distinctive for many taxa ( especially when linked to other features ) , but not decidedly so for the most problematic taxa (
) . i do not present a general description of each taxa , which is available many places elsewhere ( see rehder 1973 ) . rather , for some i present some background information and then start my descriptions with the parietal glazing and follow with those features that i found can best be used to distinguish among taxa .
the following table presents the features i found best allow identifying and distinguishing the 12 taxa . the green cells describe key features that should be identified first ( and in some taxa , alone or linked to other “greens , ” are sufficient to identify a taxon ) . the pink cells describe features very helpful in narrowing the possibilities for otherwise similar taxa . the yellow cells describe features that i found very consistently separate taxa within the geographic range of
. i apologize for the tiny text in the table , but i wanted to get it all on one page .
, and from a dozen to several dozen for the others , limited examination of shells displayed at shell shows by exhibitors and dealers , some images from the web ( usually too poor to be helpful ) , and images in literature ( also usually also too poor to be helpful ) . obviously , my sample is limited in terms of actual material for close examination , and my conclusions should be tempered accordingly . i would be happy to hear from those with specimens in any of these taxa that question or confirm my observations (
) . however , i would also hope that you can provide good quality photos or would be willing to loan the specimens for a photo session . i will continue to add to these presentations with comments or more photos / material contributed by other fans of
. three terms ( subsutural plateau , shoulder and t ) should be understood . normally , “shoulder” refers to the area from the suture to an inflection point ( a pronounced downward angle ) or , when absent , the periphery . all
, the shoulder would normally be the area from suture to the inflection point ( where spines are located ) . i have defined the area from the suture to the inflection point as the subsutural plateau . and , when i refer to the shoulder , i am referring narrowly to the spiral line representing the inflection where the subsutural plateau turns downward ( and is where the rib spines normally occur ) . i have observed that all mature
has three . as a matter of shorthand i may use t1 , t2 , t3 or t4 to refer to the teleoconch whorls . so ,
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full reference : f . e . eames . 1952 . a contribution to the study of the eocene in western pakistan and western india : c . the description of the scaphopoda and gastropoda from standard sections in the rakhi nala and zindar pir areas of the western punjab and in the kohat district . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london series b 236 : 1 - 168
type specimen : bmnh g . 68305 , a shell . its type locality is fossil bed f . 2556 , zinda pir , which is in a lutetian marine shale in the domanda formation of pakistan .
( of harpalis link , 1807 ) link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 114 [ details ]
poppe g . t . , brulet t . & dance s . p . ( 1999 ) . the family harpidae . conchological iconography . conchbooks , hackenheim . 69pp . [ details ]
( of harpalis link , 1807 ) obis indo - pacific molluscan database . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of harpalis link , 1807 ) rehder h . a . ( 1973 ) . the family harpidae of the world . indo - pacific mollusca 3 ( 16 ) : 207 - 274 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 237 [ details ]
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tulane studies in geology and paleontology was devoted primarily to the geology and paleontology of the coasts and adjacent land areas of the gulf of mexico and the caribbean sea . each number
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for all scientific names see vol . 10 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 1 - 10 ) ; vol . 20 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 11 to 20 ) ; vol . 30 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 21 to 30 ) .
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search = country = / angola = africa / angola / dsc _ 9272 . jpg
title : puma location : argentina description : cougar or puma [ puma concolor ] in a tree , printed in an orangeish color . with
s . oficial
printe over it . keywords : stamp , mammal , cat , correos , 50 c , puma
title : llama location : argentina description : llama [ lama glama ] out in the desert . s pficial printed ofer the stamp keywords : stamp , mammal , llama , 20 c , s oficial , lama glama , correos
title : neon tetra location : brazil description : neon tetra [ paracheirodon innesi ] in green underwater vegitation keywords : stamp , fish , 1 . 00 , 1976 , raul pereira , casa da mondeda do brasil , hyphessobrycon innesi , paracheirodon innesi
title : manduba location : brazil description : manduba [ ageneiosus inermis ] just over a sandy bottom keywords : stamp , fish , 1 . 00 , 1976 , raul pereira , casa da mondeda do brasil , palmito , ageneiosus sp , ageneiosus inermis
title : reina del choco location : columbia description : reina del choco [ cattleya dowiana var . aurea ] all in oragne keywords : stamp , plant , flower , orchid , cattleya dowiana aurea , cattleya dowiana var . aurea , 1874 , 1949 , upu , 5 , centavos , waterlow and sons limited
title : lawyer ' s wigs location : guyana description : lawyer ' s wigs [ coprinus comatus ] growing in the grass keywords : stamp , mushroom , 1990 , macro , $ 2 . 55 , coprinus comatus
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haloclavidae is a family of sea anemones .

members of the family are found worldwide and many live largely buried in soft substrates with only their oral disc and tentacles protruding .

haloclavidae

tree of life web project . 2000 . haloclavidae . version 01 january 2000 ( temporary ) .
, p 29 ) of the family haloclavidae requires slight modifications to accommodate the new taxon within this family ( see above ) .
cruises ant xv / 3 and ant xix / 3 . the new genus shares several features with some genera of the families haloclavidae ( verrill
) have remarked , the distinctness of the families haloclavidae and halcampoididae is not clearly established . most ( if not all ) characters given by carlgren (
metapeachia schlenzae sp . nov . ( cnidaria : actiniaria : haloclavidae ) a new burrowing sea anemone from brazil , with a discussion of the genus metapeachia .
the ' antenna balloon anemone ' found in the seto inland sea : new genus and species of sea anemone , antennapeachia setouchi ( cnidaria , actinaria , haloclavidae ) .
metapeachia schlenzae sp . nov . ( cnidaria : actiniaria : haloclavidae ) a new burrowing sea anemone from brazil , with a discussion of the genus metapea . . . - pubmed - ncbi
, pp 21 , 26 , 29 ) , distinguishing characters between the families haloclavidae and halcampoididae are reduced to the differential length between inner and outer tentacles and the possible absence of the siphonoglyph in the halcampoididae .
) . we therefore prefer not to use this category in the present work . we tentatively place the genus within the family haloclavidae . finally , the relationships of this new genus with the most similar haloclavid genera are discussed .
daly , m . ; fautin , d . ( 2018 ) . world list of actiniaria . haloclavidae verrill , 1899 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 100671 on 2018 - 07 - 09
mesacmaea is the only genus of the haloclavidae ( including stephanthus gen . nov . ) in which the column is divisible into different regions ; moreover , it is clearly remarkable within the family due to the presence , although weak , of a diffuse sphincter . mesacmaea also has a very regular arrangement of the tentacles but is quite atypical in having seven tentacles in the inner cycle . the retractor musculature is strong and restricted in mesacmaea but is diffuse in stephanthus gen . nov .
van der land , j . ; den hartog , j . h . ( 2001 ) . actiniaria , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 106 - 109 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
hayward , p . j . ; ryland , j . s . ( ed . ) . ( 1990 ) . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe : 1 . introduction and protozoans to arthropods . clarendon press : oxford , uk . isbn 0 - 19 - 857356 - 1 . 627 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
usually elongated , sometimes relatively short and stout , usually differentiated into regions . aboral end rounded , without a
. mesenteries not differentiated into macrocnemes and microcnemes , at least six pairs being perfect ; imperfect ones , if present , being long and bearing retractor muscles . a single siphonoglyph is present , usually well - defined and sometimes more or less separated from the
sorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .
the unexplored portions of the world ' s oceans are so vast that the descriptive stage of their faunas is far from being completed . although during recent years research into antarctic biodiversity has been intensified , the anthozoan fauna is not well known , our present knowledge being estimated to encompass no more than 50 % ( winston
) . thus , efforts to increase our knowledge of the benthic fauna in this area are necessary not only to complete our knowledge of the anthozoan fauna but also to go further in our understanding of the processes involved in the origins of the extant antarctic fauna .
the material studied was collected on the polarstern cruises ant xv / 3 ( easiz - ii ) and ant xix / 3 ( andeep - i ) , sponsored by the alfred - wegener - institut für polar - und meeresforschung , bremerhaven , during the austral summers of 1998 to the eastern weddell sea and antarctic peninsula ( easiz - ii ) and 2002 to the scotia arc ( andeep - i ) .
sea anemones were relaxed on board using menthol crystals and subsequently fixed in 10 % formalin in seawater . fragments of the holotype and the larger paratype were dehydrated in buthanol ( johansen
) , and embedded in paraffin . histological sections 7–8 μm thick were stained with ramón and cajal ' s triple stain ( gabe
cnidae measurements were taken from preserved material in squash preparations at 1 , 000× magnification with nomarski differential interference contrast optics . frequencies given are subjective impressions based on squash preparations .
the material studied in this article has been deposited in the zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum in hamburg ( zmh ) , in the university natural history museum in kansas ( kunhm ) and in the zoology section of the faculty of biology at the university of seville in spain ( sz ) .
) , the characters and their variants referring to this genus have been suppressed .
the genus is named after professor t . a . stephenson in recognition of his major contributions to our knowledge in sea anemone systematics , and anthus ( anthos - anthus : flower in figurative sense in greek ) being a common suffix in sea anemone generic names . gender masculine .
holotype : zmh ( c11680 ) , one specimen , polarstern ant xv / 3 , stn . 48 / 336 , antarctic peninsula , 61°26 . 8′s 58°06 . 2′w , 1 , 047–1 , 227 m depth , 19 march 1998 , agassiz trawl . paratypes : kunhm ( 001610 ) , one specimen ; zmh ( c11681 ) , one specimen , both materials with the same sampling data as the holotype .
additional material : sz ( ant - 1282 ) , one specimen , polarstern ant xix / 3 , stn . ps61 / 103 - 1 , antarctic peninsula , 61°44 . 9′s 58°01 . 4′w , 256–296 m depth , 13 february 2002 , bottom trawl ; sz ( ant - 1281 ) , one specimen , polarstern ant xix / 3 , stn . ps61 / 106 - 1 , antarctic peninsula , 61°38 . 2′s 57°32 . 7′w , 424–427 m depth , 14 february 2002 , bottom trawl ; sz ( ant - 1609 ) , one specimen , polarstern ant xix / 3 , stn . ps61 / 107 - 1 , antarctic peninsula , 61°51 . 2′s 57°17 . 6′w , 256–277 m depth , 14 february 2002 , bottom trawl .
) : body ovoid to more or less spherical , to 40 mm diameter and 56 mm height in preserved and contracted specimens . aboral end rounded , physa - like . body without regional differentiation but with a parapet and a deep fosse ( fig .
a ) . about 20 longitudinal folds on inner distal border of parapet . scapus soft and fibrous , corrugated in preserved and contracted specimen , forming deep irregular transversal furrows with numerous small longitudinal furrows . larger specimens with pale spots slightly restricted to proximal part of scapus ; no foreign particles adhered to them ( fig .
stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov . a holotype ( zmh c11680 ) in lateral view . b , c paratype ( zmh c11681 ) , lateral and aboral view , respectively ; note the rounded aboral end . d paratype ( kunhm 001610 ) , lateral view . scale bar 20 mm
stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov . ( holotype zmh c11680 ) . a preserved specimen , longitudinal section of the distal part of the column and oral disc . b , c detail of the proximal part of the body wall showing the superficial spots . d cross section at stomodaeum level of whole animal ; note the basal enlargement of the single siphonoglyph . abbreviations : fo fosse , mo mouth , od oral disc , rm retractor musculature , te tentacles . scale bars 5 mm
oral disc slightly broader in diameter than proximal end in retracted specimens . tentacles can be only partially retracted , being only middle covered by the parapet in all preserved specimens . tentacles longitudinally furrowed , longer than diameter of the oral disc in preserved specimens . inner tentacles more or less equal in length ( to 27 mm in preserved specimens ) to outer ones , to 24 in number , arranged in three cycles ( 6 + 6 + 12 ) . oral end of siphonoglyph distinguishable at border of the mouth , but does not form a conchula .
) : equal number of mesenteries distally and proximally . mesenteries hexamerously arranged in two cycles : first cycle perfect and fertile ; second cycle imperfect and fertile ( fig .
d ) . two pairs of fertile directives , only one connected with the single , strong and well - developed siphonoglyph , with a basal enlargement ( figs .
a ) . mesogloea and gastrodermis of siphonoglyph slightly wider than mesogloea and gastrodermis of the stomodaeum . gastrodermis of siphonoglyph not vacuolated . retractor musculature diffuse at stomodaeum level ( fig .
a ) and attached near to the base of tentacles where it becomes slightly restricted ( fig .
b ) . parietobasilar musculature strong , well developed . gametogenic tissues well developed in specimens collected in february and march ; gonochoric ; developing spermatic vesicles and oocytes ( to 0 . 25 mm and to 1 . 8 mm in diameter in preserved specimens , respectively ) .
stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov . a histological cross section at stomodaeum level ( holotype zmh c11680 ) . b detail retractor musculature at most distal level ( holotype zmh c11680 ) . c longitudinal histological section of the distal part of the column and oral disc ( paratype kunhm 001610 ) . abbreviations : * endocoel between mesenteries of the first cycle , * * endocoel between mesenteries of the second cycle , e . g . basal enlargement of the siphonoglyph , fo fosse , ms mesenteries , rm retractor musculature , te tentacles . scale bars : a 5 mm , b 3 mm , c 5 mm
stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov . longitudinal sections through the body wall of the holotype ( zmh c11680 ) . a detail of the body wall . b , c detail of the proximal part of the body wall showing the superficial spots , which are poorly histologically differentiated . abbreviations : ep epidermis , ga gastrodermis , me mesogloea , ss superficial spots . scale bars 0 . 5 mm
stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov . ( holotype zhm c11680 ) . a detail of cross section showing a second cycle mesentery ; note the distinct parietobasilar musculature , the diffuse retractor musculature and the developing spermatic vesicles . b cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature ; note the subepidermical nerve plexus . c longitudinal section through the proximal part of the mesenteries showing the absence of basilar musculature . abbreviations : ep epidermis , ga gastrodermis , me , mesogloea , np , nerve plexus , pb , parietobasilar musculature , rm , retractor musculature , sv , spermatic vesicles . scale bars : a 1 mm ; b , c 0 . 5 mm
sphincter muscle absent . tentacles and oral disc with ectodermal longitudinal musculature . no histologically differentiated regions along tentacles . endodermal circular musculature well developed at mid - column . column wall of similar thickness entire length , corrugated nature probably due to contraction of the specimens ( fig .
a ) . superficial spots in proximal part of column poorly differentiated in histological sections ( fig .
b , c ) . epidermis 0 . 1–0 . 4 mm thick and fibrous ; mesogloea 0 . 25–1 . 5 mm thick , and gastrodermis 0 . 09–0 . 33 mm thick .
) : spirocysts , basitrichs and microbasic b - mastigophores . a survey of the cnidae is presented in table
size ranges of the cnidae of stephanthus antarcticus gen . nov . , sp . nov .
stephanthus antarcticus sp . nov . is known only from the south shetland islands , off the antarctic peninsula , inhabiting muddy bottom , depth 256–1 , 227 m .
, pp 26 , 29 ) , for both families , have a high range of variability , often overlapping between one another , due to the existence of numerous exceptions to the rule , with the text containing terms such as
rarely
,
usually
,
sometimes
,
except in . . .
.
with regard to the use of the differential length between inner and outer tentacles as a distinctive character at familial level , we think that this should be restricted as a generic feature in these two families . according to stephenson (
, p 514 ) ,
the form of the tentacles in a preserved specimen will depend chiefly on the circumstances of the animal ' s death
. it is true that in some species their entameric or ectameric nature can be easily established . however , in
gen . nov . some of the inner tentacles are longer than the outer ones , some are shorter and others are of about equal length . thus , the relative length between the inner and the outer tentacles is not so helpful in this case .
furthermore , the new genus shows a distinctive character , a deep fosse and parapet . the supposed presence of a fosse and a parapet has been attributed to the genera
the presence of a distinct fosse and parapet is also present in the family andresiidae . however , members of this family are characterised by a well defined , circumscribed , endodermal sphincter , two siphonoglyphs and 24 pairs of perfect mesenteries .
the systematic position of the family andresiidae is another instance of the lack of phylogeny patterns in carlgren ' s system and some of its categories ( which carlgren himself recognised ) and the necessary wholesale revision of the higher categories in the actiniarian taxonomy . according to stephenson (
) does not resemble a typical athenarian , except in the absence of basilar musculature and in a burrowing mode of life . stephenson (
) show distinct acrospheres at the apex of the tentacles . the imperfect mesenteries and no clear difference between the length of the outer and the inner tentacles distinguish
, in which all the mesenteries are perfect and the inner tentacles are shorter than the outer ones .
stephanthus gen . nov . has imperfect mesenteries , whereas in metapeachia , mesacmaea and harenactis , all mesenteries are perfect .
metapeachia is easily distinguishable from the other haloclavid genera ( including stephanthus gen . nov . ) by the presence of a siphonoglyph completely separated from the other parts of the actinopharynx . the presence of a distal conchula is another distinctive generic character of metapeachia ( shared only with peachia ) . furthermore metapeachia has only eight pairs of mesenteries ( all perfect and fertile ) and 16 tentacles , while stephanthus gen . nov . has 12 pairs of mesenteries ( only six of them perfect ) and 24 tentacles arranged in three regular cycles .
in harenactis the retractor musculature of the oldest mesenteries is reniform , but it is diffuse in stephanthus gen . nov . harenactis also has vertical rows of cinclides in the column , stephanthus gen . nov . has no cinclides .
finally , peachia shares with stephanthus gen . nov . a second cycle of imperfect mesenteries , but peachia is easily distinguishable from stephanthus gen . nov . by having a distinct conchula . also peachia usually has only 12 tentacles , its aboral end is perforated by numerous apertures , and its second cycle of mesenteries is formed by only four pairs of imperfect and sterile mesenteries . in contrast , stephanthus gen . nov . has no conchula , 24 tentacles , an imperforate aboral end , and a distinct fosse and parapet , and its second cycle of mesenteries is formed by six regularly arranged pairs of imperfect and fertile mesenteries .
to a new family , oractiidae . because of that , and the addition of
b ) column divisible into regions . arrangement of tentacles regular but atypical with 7 in the inner cycle . a weak , diffuse sphincter
c ) siphonoglyph with a conchula , rarely completely separated from the actinopharynx . second cycle formed by only 4 pairs of imperfect and sterile mesenteries ( 2 ventral and 2 ventrolateral pairs )
cc ) conchula absent . second cycle formed by 6 pairs of imperfect and fertile mesenteries . well developed parapet and fosse present
sp . nov . is the absence in its cnidom of microbasic p - mastigophores . this absence is atypical ; indeed , the microbasic p - mastigophore is one of the commoner nematocysts in the actiniaria , usually present in the filaments and in the actinopharynx ( carlgren
) . another notable feature is the long basitrichs ( basitrichs 2 , see fig .
) in the tentacles . the range of the basitrichs 2 in the proximal part of the tentacles is wider than that in the distal part of the tentacles , the longest basitrichs being more abundant in the distal part . moreover , the length range of the basitrichs 2 is even more restricted in the stomodaeum than in the tentacles .
special thanks are addressed to dr . josep - maria gili ( instituto de ciencias del mar , barcelona ) and prof . wolf arntz ( alfred - wegener - institut , bremerhaven ) , who made possible our participation in the antarctic cruises where the present material was collected .
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carlgren , o . 1949 . a survey of the ptychodactiaria , corallimorpharia and actiniaria . kungl . svenska vetenskapsakadamiens handlingar , series 4 , volume 1 , number 1 .
this media file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial - noderivs license - version 2 . 0 .
the information provided on this page is based on oscar carlgren ' s 1949 catalog .
please note that carlgren ' s text contains a number of errors , and much of the information is now out of date . an update of the catalog is currently under preparation in daphne fautin ' s laboratory , and the results of this work will be incorporated in future versions of this page .
keyboarding of carlgren ' s catalog was done as part of a project to create an electronic database of the sea anemones of the world , funded by nsf grant deb9521819 , awarded to daphne g . fautin . this grant is in the program partnerships to enhance expertise in taxonomy ( peet ) . susanne hauswaldt , katherine pearson , and april wakefield - pagels contributed to the keyboarding effort .
each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .
for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .
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warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
departamento de zoologia , instituto de biociências , universidade de são paulo , rua do matão , trav . 14 , 101 , cidade universitária , 05508 - 090 , são paulo , sp , brazil current address : department of invertebrate zoology , american museum of natural history , central park west at 79th street , 10024 , new york , ny , usa . ; email : lgusmao @ amnh . org .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
the ' antenna balloon anemone ' found in the seto inland sea : new genus and species of sea anemone , antennapeachia setouchi ( cnidaria , actinaria , hal . . . - pubmed - ncbi
1 department of biological sciences , the university of tokyo , bunkyo - ku , tokyo 113 - 0033 , japan .
2 coastal branch of natural history museum and institute , chiba , kastuura - shi , chiba 299 - 5242 , japan .
3 department of zoology , national museum of nature and science , tsukuba - shi , ibaraki 305 - 0005 , japan .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
please note : entries in the above species list are the original binomina of species according to carlgren ' s 1949 catalog . nomenclatorial inconsistencies need to be resolved in a future revision of this genus ( see below ) .
collection and donation of this specimen by dr . r . dekker ( nioz , texel , netherlands ) is gratefully acknowledged .
rodríguez , e . & lópez - gonzález , p . j . helgol mar res ( 2003 ) 57 : 54 . urltoken
what type of species is peachia chilensis ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the peachia chilensis species belongs to .
how to identify peachia chilensis marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species peachia chilensis . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species peachia chilensis are marked in green .
where is peachia chilensis found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species peachia chilensis can be found .
which photographers have photos of peachia chilensis species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species peachia chilensis .
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877 . 705 . 1878 ( toll - free , u . s . & canada ) 773 . 753 . 3347 ( international )
permission by prof . c . hand to take this picture in the bodega marine lab , university of california is gratefully acknowledged .
france . collection and donation of this specimen by dr . r . dekker ( nioz , texel , netherlands ) is gratefully acknowledged .
tree of life web project . 2000 . athenaria . version 01 january 2000 ( temporary ) .
copyright ( c ) zeuter development corporation , 1996 - 2002 . all rights reserved .