the noble snipe ( gallinago nobilis ) is a small stocky wader .

it breeds in the andes of colombia , ecuador , peru and venezuela above or just below the treeline .

it is entirely sedentary .

noble snipe

noble snipe ( gallinago nobilis ) is a species of bird in the scolopacidae family .
a 300 page book that summarises the available literature on the biology and demography of the 3 snipe species ( common snipe , great snipe , and jack snipe ) and the management techniques for their habitats .
fluctuations of common snipe , jack snipe and golden plover in tiree , argyllshire - j . morton boyd
giant snipe can be distinguished from sympatric common and magellan snipe by its huge size and rounded wings . the other large species , andean , fuegian and imperial snipe , are upland species which lack the well - defined upperpart markings and white belly shown by giant snipe . noble snipe is more similar to giant , but obviously smaller - bodied .
unstoppable noble train . creating operations , where first nuke land at 100ms , second nuke at 120ms , third nuke at 140ms , fourth nuke at 160ms , first noble at 200ms , second noble at 220ms , third noble at 240ms and fourth noble at 260ms , is very easy . 20ms timespan can be lowered to 0ms for nukes and nobles , but timespan between last nuke and first noble should be at least 10ms - for safety purposes . take a quick look at my screenshot on the right with accurately executed attacks as planned .
©1997 - 2018 barnes & noble booksellers , inc . 122 fifth avenue , new york , ny 10011
you can with easy send army tasks to backtime other players . i like to snipe every incoming attack - thanks to attacks detection system i know which incoming attacks has a nobleman . players couldn ' t believe their eyes , when i snipe noble attacks between 100ms each .
three different calls . birds not seen but earlier in the afternoon two birds were flushed here , see photo . the birds here are known to be south american snipe but i found only noble . i have still to see convincing evidence that sa snipe has ever occurred here .
same bird ( s ) as xc77712 . birds not seen but earlier in the afternoon two birds were flushed here , see photo . the birds here are known to be south american snipe but i found only noble . i have still to see convincing evidence that sa snipe has ever occurred here .
yea this is what i usually tell people to do until they learn how to snipe properly .
this volume contains 16 papers covering topics such as breeding biology , ecology , behaviour , population dynamics , monitoring and hunting bags . the papers focus on woodcock ( scolopax rusticola ) common snipe ( gallinago gallinago ) , great snipe ( gallinago media ) , jack snipe ( lymnocryptes minimus ) and african snipe ( gallinago nigripennis ) . a general paper describes the conservation status of the world ' s woodcocks and snipes .
yeah well that ' s mostly the best method of killing a good timed - noble train , congratz for posting it mellow .
habitat use and diet of common snipe gallinago gallinago breeding on moorland in northern england : c . . .
this is a bit different than normal noble trains , in normal noble trains you aim to launch as fast as possible , in sniping trains you aim to launch as regularily as possible , this is because by doing so you increase the chances of landing one between clearing and nobles .
the noble snipe is rare is and appears to be local in elfin forest bogs at or near treeline . it ranges at elevations of about 3300 m and is restricted to extreme northern peru only on the north and west side of the marañon river . it also occurs in
. the noble snipe has a patterned head and rest of the upperparts . the back shows conspicuous pale or buff stripes . the neck , breast , and sides are barred with a pale unbarred center of belly . it is secretive in marshy and muddy habitats . it is very similar to the
the giant snipe has a kek - kek call when flushed , and a rasping trisyllabic call is given in its nocturnal display flight .
when i first read this guide i thought of it as new way to overcome very tight noble train . when you got 5second lag between first noble and the last , its easy to snip with one shot but what if your opponents send very tight train ? the only way to do it is mass snipping attempts as explained in the guide .
no plumage differences related to age or sex are known , but in other snipe the sexes are similar and immature birds differ only in showing pale fringes on the wing coverts .
30–33 cm ; 188–197 g . medium - sized , bulky snipe with disproportionately long , two - toned bill ; underwing relatively dark ; wings rather broad and rounded ; tail . . .
in the future , more functions like
detection of village owner change ( village was nobled ) in 30 range from my villages
will be added . in this case you will be able to very fast village re - noble .
the puna snipe is a small snipe of high elevation bogs and stream margins , fairly common in moist areas of puna from 3 , 000 to 4 , 600m . it ranges from northern peru into bolivia and northern chile and argentina . a miniature version of the south american snipe ( and sometimes considered a subspecies thereof ) , the puna snipe has a shorter bill and bright yellow legs . it can be distinguished by an unmarked , white belly , a nearly white underwing , and a thin white trailing edge to the wings . in flight , it displays a web of narrow white markings on the upperside , the result of a white tips on the wing coverts , white edges of the tail , and distinct pale stripes along the mantle . flushes with vertical flight followed by “jumps” .
capsule : moorland breeding birds were associated with marshy grassland , acid flush and unimproved acid grassland , where their diet was dominated by earthworms and tipulid larvae . aims : to quantify breeding snipe densities in upland habitats and to examine diet and the structural characteristics of feeding areas . methods : snipe were surveyed on four areas ( total 44 km 2 ) near otterburn , . . . [ show full abstract ]
van gils , j . , wiersma , p . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . noble snipe ( gallinago nobilis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the great snipe gallinago media is considered to be an endangered species . this paper examines its food and habitat use on a sub - alpine / low - alpine breeding area in central norway . it was estimated that earthworms constitute more than 90 % of great snipe food ( by weight ) . feeding birds selected the low herb willow scrub vegetation community and to a lesser degree eutrophic fen . birds did not . . . [ show full abstract ]
i created noble train example video on youtube . this is the proof of perfectly synchronized 3 nukes and 4 nobles from 4 different villages . first attack land at 91ms and the last one at 130ms . there is this video . you can watch it to see how it is done .
approximately 900 separate vocalisations from 240 species including vocalisations from distinct subspecies . includes : puna , noble , andean , and imperial snipe ; 29 species of hummingbird ; greater scythebill , jocotoco and crescent - faced antpitta ; 6 species of tapaculo , tufted , agile , and black - crested tit - tyrant ; 7 species of chat - tyrant including jelski ' s ; chestnut - crested cotinga . ; giant conebill ; tit - like dacnis ; 5 species of flowerpiercer and mountain - tanager ; masked saltator , 6 species of brush - finch and many others .
this species is rarely seen on the ground , and its habitat , reluctance to flush until almost trodden on , cryptic plumage , and nocturnal feeding mean its habits are almost unknown . its diet apparently includes frogs . the giant snipe is usually seen alone when flushed .
the giant snipe has a stocky body and relatively short legs for a wader . it has broad rounded wings like a woodcock and a very long bill . its upperparts , head and neck are streaked and patterned with black and brown , and chestnut edges to the feathers form distinct lines down its back . the belly is white with brown barring on the flanks . the flight feathers are barred , a feature unique to this snipe . the horn - coloured bill is very long and straight . the legs and feet are greyish - green .
this is the largest snipe at 40–43 . 5 cm in length . g . u . gigantea , as its name suggests , is larger than the nominate subspecies with little overlap in size ; for example , its bill length is usually more than 12 . 0 cm , whereas g . u . undulata is usually less than 11 . 5 cm .
the giant snipe is hunted through most of its range , its large size making it easier to shoot than other snipes . habitat loss is also a threat , at least in part of its range . it is nowhere common , and is local and uncommon in colombia and venezuela , but its nocturnal habits and extremely secretive behaviour might exaggerate its apparent scarcity , and it is currently not thought to be threatened .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . puna snipe ( gallinago andina ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
accepting the requirement for accurate information regarding the status of common and jack snipe populations in great britain , and the problems associated with conventional survey methods for secretive , largely nocturnal or crepuscular , rarely aggregating species with a preference for little observed habitat , this report presents and discusses a range of alternative survey methodologies taken from the literature . survey methods discussed are : simple transects , nets and ringing , nocturnal surveys , calls and playback . each alternative approach is discussed in relation to likely effectiveness and feasibility in relation to : time constraints , habitat characteristics , locating the birds and welfare issues .
. . . recent initiatives such as the push to develop markets for wood fuel ( anonymous , 2007 ) offer the possibility of providing financial incentives to bring woodlands into active management . from the perspective of woodland bird conservation , the recent declines are well documented ( fuller et al . , 2005 ; amar et al . , 2006 ; hewson et al . , 2007 ; hewson and noble , 2009 ) and our knowledge of habitat requirements of woodland birds continues to increase ( fuller , 1995 ; hinsley et al . , 2007 hinsley et al . , , 2009 hoodless and hirons , 2007 ; lewis et al . , 2009 ) . opportunities should now be taken to establish long - term monitoring of habitat structure and biodiversity in broadleaved woodlands where active management is being reinstated . . . .
from the preface :
this little book is not intended as an exhaustive book of instruction either scientific or sporting . it is merely a reprint , with additions , of sundry papers jotted down in the rare idle hours of a busy life . these papers having , i am told , amused many in the pages of ' maga , ' may perhaps amuse more when collected in booklet form . if they should do for the reader the kindness which they performed for the writer - namely , that of bringing a whiff from the snipe - haunted marshes into the stuffy prison of everyday life in parlour and street - scolopax will feel that he has at any rate done some one a good turn , and nobody any harm .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
this species is classified as near threatened as there is evidence that hunting and the loss and degradation of its habitats are likely to be driving an on - going and moderately rapid decline in its population . if evidence were to suggest a more rapid decline in its population , it might be eligible for a higher threat category .
. 1996 ) . localised declines have been noted in recent years , for example at la mica lagoon in ecuador ( cisneros - heredia 2006 ) .
no population estimates of this species are available , but it is described as fairly common .
this species is suspected to be experiencing a moderately rapid population decline owing to the on - going threats of localised over - hunting and habitat conversion and degradation ( ridgely and greenfield 2001 , cisneros - heredia 2006 ) .
. 1996 ) . it is usually found at 2 , 500 - 3 , 900 m , but may range from 2 , 000 to 4 , 000 m . it breeds from march to september , probably laying a clutch of only two eggs ( del hoyo
the species is targeted by both indigenous people and sports - hunters and is threatened by localised over - hunting , as well as the desiccation , transformation and degradation of its habitats ( ridgely and greenfield 2001 , cisneros - heredia 2006 , d . cisneros - heredia
2011 ) . suitable habitat is converted for agriculture and degraded by fires ( cisneros - heredia 2006 , d . cisneros - heredia
carry out surveys in order to estimate the total population size and rate of decline . implement an outreach and education campaign to reduce hunting pressure . increase the area of suitable habitat that receives protection .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
over open pasture near humid forest . reference : lxb 122 - 163 marantz counter ( galnob10 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
call from ground . páramo marsh . reference : ilb 3 - 40 ( galnob8 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
from ground ? páramo marsh . reference : xviia 63 - 64 ( galnob6 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
páramo marsh . reference : xviia 34 - 34 ( galnob5 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
páramo marsh . reference : xvib 412 - 414 , 436 - 451 ( galnob3 - 4 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
collected ( mecn 553 ) . páramo marsh . reference : xia 422 - 423 ( galnob2 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) . filtered version on moore et al . ( 2013 ) urltoken
rush bed in shallow lake on pumice flat . filtered version on moore et al . ( 2013 ) urltoken
ref : tape ohm065b 1204 . frightened by my presence . bird in groun along the stream . natural vocalization . 10m to mic .
at least 4 displayed and called between 5 : 35 and 5 : 45 . my mic is very sensitive to wind so most of the display is ruined , also some traffic on the road . the display was nice though .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
n andes from extreme nw venezuela ( s táchira ) through c colombia and ecuador to nw peru ( piura , n cajamarca ) .
display flight by male is given at dawn and dusk , or for most of the night if moonlit , is typically . . .
montane grassy wetlands , swamps and bogs , wet savannas , rushy pasture and reedy marsh adjoining . . .
season mar–sept , probably mainly during wet season , with eggs collected in jul ( venezuela ) and sept ( colombia ) and a pullus also in . . .
not globally threatened . currently considered near threatened . no population estimates available ; locally fairly common in colombia . very poorly known ; research required . . . .
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sequence of species in this family is based largely on findings of a recent phylogenetic study # r .
formerly referred to as capella , because this name was erroneously thought to pre - date gallinago .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
, but is distinguished by having an unbarred and pale center of belly and by preferring bogs in elfin forests . it is larger than the
schulenberg , t . s . , d . f . stotz , and l . rico . 2006 . distribution maps of the birds of peru , version 1 . 0 . environment , culture & conservation ( ecco ) . the field museum .
material published in urltoken belongs to the author ( s ) and is protected by copyright laws . contributor ( s )
contribute to the knowledge and undertanding of bird distribution in peru . report your rare and unusual sightings :
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ok im celebrating my return to tribalwars by releasing a secret i promised myself i would never release , sniping has really been left to the last resort way of defending due to its innacuracy , you basically have 1 shot to put defence between nobles , that is till now . . . . .
2 . jot down support times to each village with train incomings from each available defence village from the longest to shortest time . work out a brief plan of order , if you are sniping from a defence village with train incomings make sure it snipes another train before it is hit .
instead of preping a timed launch of support , open opera and prep up a train , if you have a defence village with 10k / 10k in it load 10 tabs and put 1k / 1k in each , aim this support for the village you are sniping the trains from .
factor in lag + 1 second or so to be on the safe side and launch lag + 1 seconds before the support time matches the incoming time on the targetted village .
4 . clear the misses , the other great advantage of this tactic is that you can clear all the support that lands outside the train and then reuse the village to support another village .
i ' ve mentioned this before , although i ' ve only actually used it in one instance ( successfully though ) .
i think i mentioned it in mimelim ' s defense strat guide somewhere , but it could have been somewhere else . there are a lot of similar threads .
actually , not alot of guides i have seen explained it with such simplicity .
it ' s been released . . . a lot of times . . . . besides which anyone who knows about backtiming out to know about this .
i think i heard about this somewhere . i believe there was a guide on the forums of one of the tribes i was on , but this one was much simpler and easier to understand what you were actually trying to say .
i have used this quite a bit , it ' s not so secret .
common but not put explicitly in a guide till now i think . i was actually planning on making a guide of how to do this for my w26 tribe , with more visuals . beat me to it .
> _ > . don ' t bother , there ' s something else you ought to teach them instead of this .
i thought i was really clever when i figured this one out all by myself , then realised that other people had been doing it since before i even started playing tw . . . then i felt stupid : icon _ redface :
nice quide but as everyone has been saying , it ' s a well known idea . i kinda figured it out playing speed since i have never needed it in a slow world due to no attackers having any skill or timing ability .
sw . venezuela ( tachira ) , c . and e . colombia and n . ecuador .
clements , james f . birds of the world : a checklist . vista , ca : ibis publishing company , 2000 .
if there is no family list to the left , you may have arrived at this page from a direct link . please select
mangoverde world bird guide
to view the entire bird site .
kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name
ylänkökurppa
from
gallinago nobilis p . l . sclater , 1856
as trusted .
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spreads are indicated by surrounding icons representing items on the same ( double page ) spread in a grey box .
the species list above is in systematic order , the taxonomy and nomenclature of which generally follows the wells world birds list on birder ' s diary v3 . 0 ( courtesy of thayer software : urltoken ) , with adaptations by wildsounds . the wells world birds list is based on a classification created by mic wells . please note that the above list may not be in the same order or be a full and accurate representation of the species on the title concerned . we take due care to ensure the accuracy of the list , but should you find any errors , please notify us .
©wildsounds 2009 . no portion of this page ( including sounds , images , style - sheets and code ) may be copied or used without the express permission of wildsounds .
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la florida park is a maze of wetlands just outside bogota near the international airport .
all content and design © 2004 - 2017 by exotic birding , llc . original banner photo © laura l fellows . all rights reserved . no photos , descriptions , or other content may be copied or disseminated on any media without prior written permission . checklists may be copied or printed for personal use only but not for commercial purposes of any kind . website designed and produced by jim wittenberger and laura l fellows . photography by laura l fellows and jim wittenberger .
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isbn - 10 : 0323047211 isbn - 13 : 9780323047210 pub . date : 05 / 22 / 2008 publisher : elsevier health sciences
current price is $ 33 . 25 , original price is $ 36 . 95 . you save 10 % .
reinforce your comprehension of pharmacologic concepts with this hands - on workbook . specially designed to parallel the material in pharmacology for pharmacy technicians , 3 rd edition , this workbook provides in - depth study and review of the terminology , principles , and applications of pharmacology needed for certification and practice as a pharmacy technician . its user - friendly format and engaging learning exercises include vocabulary quizzes , review questions , critical thinking exercises , research activities , and new case applications to help you build a solid foundation for pharmacy practice !
• new ! case scenarios and questions promote real - world application of text content . • improved ! new and revised review questions offer a mix of recall , comprehension , and application for progressive learning • new ! coverage of advancements in the areas of vaccines , hiv / aids , cancer , and diabetes provide students with the latest information for these chronic conditions . • new ! additional artwork supports foundational and body - system pharmacology content .
unit i : introduction to pharmacology 1 . fundamentals of pharmacology 2 . principles of pharmacology 3 . pharmacodynamics 4 . drug interactions and medication errors
unit ii : drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system and central nervous system 5 . treatment of anxiety 6 . treatment of depression 7 . treatment of schizophrenia and psychoses 8 . treatment of alzheimer’s , huntington’s and parkinson’s disease 9 . treatment of seizure disorders 10 . treatment of pain and migraine headache 11 . treatment of sleep disorders and attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder
unit iii : drugs affecting the musculoskeletal system 12 . neuromuscular blockade and muscle spasms 13 . treatment of gout , osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis 14 . treatment of osteoporosis and paget’s disease of the bone
unit iv : drugs affecting the ophthalmic and otic systems 15 . treatment of diseases of the eye 16 . treatment of disorders of the ear
unit v : drugs affecting the cardiovascular system 17 . treatment of angina 18 . treatment of hypertension 19 . treatment of heart disease and stroke 20 . treatment of arrhythmia
unit vi : drugs affecting the gastrointestinal system 21 . treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease , laryngopharyngeal reflux , and peptic ulcer disease 22 . treatment of irritable bowel syndrome , ulcerative colitis , and crohn’s disease
unit vii : drugs affecting the respiratory system 23 . treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 24 . treatment of allergies
unit viii : drugs affecting the endocrine system 25 . treatment of thyroid disorders 26 . treatment of diabetes mellitus
unit ix : drugs affecting the reproductive system 27 . drugs that affect the reproductive system 28 . treatment of prostate disease and erectile dysfunction
unit x : drugs affecting the immune system 29 . treatment of bacterial infections 30 . treatment of viral infections 31 . treatment of cancers 32 . vaccines and immunomodulators
unit xi : drugs affecting the integumentary system 33 . treatment of fungal infections 34 . treatment of pressure injuries and burns 35 . treatment of acne 36 . treatment of eczema and psoriasis 37 . treatment of lice & scabies
brecknock birds sightings are now available via a rss feed . the link is : urltoken
below are all sightings recorded on this website . the newest sighting is displayed first , there are ten sightings per page . we would love to hear your bird sightings - whether common or more unusual - click here to add a sighting . you can also search all sightings - click here .
please neter the os grid referance . whilst this is optional , it allows for the sighting to be accurately mapped . please use discretion if the sighting is of a sensitive nature .
sighting location : craig y cilau nnr . sighting date : 22 / 03 / 08
sighting location : talybont reservoir . sighting date : 21 . 3 . 08 - 12 . 45
6 goldeneye , 1 tufted , 8 mallard , 2 gc grebe , 1 l grebe , 5 coot and 2 mute swan .
sighting location : roman road and usk reservoir area . sighting date : 21st march 2008
12 lapwing and a single curlew at the roman road . a pair of shellduck ( still present at 12 : 40 , record shots available to be uploaded ) , drake goldeneye , 5 cormorant at the usk reservoir ( willow tit calling near water tower on carms bank ) . little grebe on graiggoch pool near r usk .
sighting location : cantref reservoir . sighting date : thursday 20 / 03 / 08
late news from thursday , osprey at cantref reservoir most of morning , observed by 2 anglers flyfishing . bird seen taking a fish , eating and resting before flying north at approximately 12 : 00 . ( i arrived at 12 : 30 )
sighting location : sn8941 and sn911441 . sighting date : 19 . 3 . 08
male wheatear sighted near ' g ' range , and c . 1000 starlings ground feeding nr . penlanwen . 25 siskin and 2 redpoll on birdfeeders on tuesday .
sighting location : mynydd aberyscir . sighting date : 18 / 3 / 08 - 8 . 45
sighting location : pontfaen , brecon . sighting date : 16 / 13 / 08
not a sighting by me but by a workmate that lives near pontfaen . he observed an adult hobby from his conservatory perched in a large pine not 30 metres away . it flew off when he got up to get his camera ( typical ! ) .
song from ground comprises a fast - paced but mellow - sounding “tip - tip - tip - tip . . . ” , “cut - cut - cut - cut . . .
inhabits boggy rivers high in puna zone of andes , between 3000 m and 4600 m in peru , at 2000–5000 m . . .
very poorly known ; season mainly oct–dec in c peru , sept in n chile . downy young similar to that of
nominate race at least locally moves to lower altitudes during austral winter , e . g . reaching . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . no population estimates available . range large and relatively little impacted by human activities over much of it . nominate race . . .
ultimate tribal wars bot can work all the time - 24 / 7 thanks to captcha recognition system . bot has also features like farming villages , construct buildings , recruit army , minting a gold coins , balancing resources between villages , detection of incoming attacks , interactive map and much more . utwb is still under development and will do whatever you want it to do - make an proposal and see it done . features are being added all the time so you can check home page for the latest release informations .
building system enables you to set static and dynamic queue . once you set building target level , let ' s say - wall 20 level , and this building will be destroyed by incoming attacks , it will be immediately queued to build . the same apply for rally point and other buildings .
there are also options like
if storage is full , build storage first
,
construct building requirements first
,
build farm if free space is lower than 5 - 30 %
.
you can set number of maximum queued building positions in headquarters . if you have premium account it will be helpful , because premium account allows you to queue more building positions in headquarters at once .
interactive map helps you to control farmed villages , creating attacks or selecting all villages of player / s . management of tribes relations is also available . village menu under right mouse click behaves the same like menu on the normal tribal wars map .
you can look into village details by double click on village . village details includes history of village points , history of owner ( player ) and your notes . if you have something important you can make a memo for each village , which help you in the future during your conquers .
time synchronization with high precision ( + / - 10ms ) . check image proof on the right and test this capabilities by yourself . before you start you need to properly configure time synchronization settings - tutorial .
synchronization of multiple attacks is very powerful . you can synchronize many attacks from many of your villages to other village or villages . basically you can synchronize and send : one to one ( 1 : 1 ) , one to many ( 1 : * ) , many to one ( * : 1 ) and many to many ( * : * ) attacks .
just imagine 6 full trains ( 4 nobleman attacks for each ) with 20 full nukes and subsequent 20 supports . all are synchronized to land between 100ms and 300ms . all hit many oponent villages and are sent from many of your villages . that kind of waves are beautiful .
recruit army system will save you a lot of time . you don ' t need to worry that barracks or stable are on idle . once you set target count of specified unit , bot will recruit until that amount is reached .
this feature is very helpful when you send troops as support and some of them die . in this case utwb immediately start troops recruitment in villages where it is needed . you can configure ratio for specified units in order to create optimal recruitment troops package . along with ratio , you should also remember about maximal queue time , which is configurable too .
you can also recruit noblemen . i didn ' t forget about gold coins minting and resources storing . for that you should only specify amount of resources above which gold coins will be minted or resources will be stored .
sending army is practically essence of ultimate tribal wars bot . on this registry you can create and manage previously created send army tasks .
there is a lot of informations at a glance . you see if options like
send accurately in time
,
troops must be at home between specified time
are enabled . you know if send army task has specified random interval or contains one or more target villages .
attack or support , troops count , description , send time , land time , return time , travel time , target village name , target village owner name and much more informations are available to you .
in short cut , it would be enough . there is a lot more functions , which you would want to use - all are listed below on the right . notice that you can use utwb for free ! read this tutorial to see how it is possible with referential system .
update to version 2 . 021 . added 35 days of service to all ultimate tribal wars bot accounts .
update to version 2 . 016 . added 4 days of service to all ultimate tribal wars bot accounts .
update to version 2 . 015 . added 2 days of service to all ultimate tribal wars bot accounts .
fixed issues related to sending army , ifarmer and time sync because of the game update .
update to version 2 . 013 . bot cost 1£ more because of captcha solving .
update to version 2 . 012 . captcha solving works again . added 11 days to all bot accounts .
added in sendingarmy view , on right click menu - > set the same - > target village - works only for tasks with one target village .
added to time synchronization - > minimal sync unit count . on some world it ' s impossible to send 1 unit in attack , so you can configure it now .
added to map - > select village by radius from ( open / exclusive ) - to ( close / inclusive ) .
changed option
barb to player
to
ownership change
. so each time village will change player ownership it will be disabled and bot message will be generated .
fixed disabling village in ifarmer for all cities on red or red - blue report .
changed in map - > right click - > remove from all attacks . by default all attacks for selected villages will be removed . when holding ctrl key , only attacks for village under mouse pointer will be removed .
fixed on map when mouse over village , village info control was in wrong place , now it works properly .
update to version 2 . 008 . bot is now fully functional , all functions work fine .
cefcache with cookies is stored in bot directory . cookies file is a sqllite db file so you can read it using any sqllite engine or sqlitebrowser .
update to version 2 . 007 . 30 days has been added to each bot account .
when google captcha appears , bot send email according to your settings - > mailing configuration , bot play captcha _ sound . wav ( you can replace it with your own . wav sound file ) and bot stops .
update to version 2 . 002 . added 7 days of service to each bot account .
bot is safe to use again . to all accounts 45days service have been added .
update to version 1 . 094 . please use this version because previous versions have a major bug .
update to version 1 . 091 . sorry for delays - busy life . main problem with starting bot is fixed . 3 days has been added to each bot account .
map missing scenery bug fix ( to reload scenery you need close bot , remove map . bin and run bot again ) .
added time synchronization on / off toggle . in some worlds , like w115 on
there is new tw feature - to each attack , 1 second is randomly added or substracted to landing time - hence time sync in this situation is pointless .
added max ongoing attacks for rams and cats ( building destruction logic ) . max ongoing attacks are splitted to two separated registers . first one is farming and ram attacks . second one is cats attacks .
farmed village history is wiped - villageid is not reliable ( it is changing for the same xy of the village ) , it has been changed to xyid . if you want to have village history again , please remove gamereports . bin file and allow bot to read reports again .
changes to reports reading . old reports will not have info about village , new reports works properly . if you want bot to read reports again please remove gamereports . bin file ( it will take few moments to read all reports ) .
added to ifarmer option to set custom interval for farmed village - two places , per city and per farmed village .
added to ifarmer option to set limit of max total ongoing attacks from all cities to one farmed village .
farmed village will be disabled also on red - blue report , previously was disabled only on red report .
fixed reading population issue caused by tribal wars update 8 . 33 . 2 . resources balancer , recruit army and all building features works properly now .
bot is now build for anycpu - so one . exe serves x86 and x64 machines .
time sync precision changed from 0 . 1 seconds to 0 . 001 - please check if time sync is working properly for you .
changed villages selection radius in map , was square ( taxicab geometry ) - now is circle radius .
update to version 1 . 082 . ifarmer is about to come . . . - i ' m working on it . please remember to do backup of
userdata
folder !
added
select village
option in map view - > mouse right menu .
changed behaviour of selected village dropdown in map view . on my village change map is not centered . to center map new button has been added .
update to version 1 . 081 . if you want to see intelligent farming draft , please visit
update to version 1 . 078 . please use
automatically set units speed
function in settings to correct units speed . time synchronization should works good now .
group selection - in sending army tasks view - works good now . only attacks from selected group will be listed .
added mint coins / store resources if
any / all
are over
n
, in recruit army ( beside recruit nobleman ) .
added possibility to assign many groups for city . ( please watch tutorial above )
when you run utwb first time , you will have to choose main page again , but only first time .
added sorting , on column header click for task targets in send army task form .
lowered minimal time span between attacks from 5 to 1 . was 1 - 5 , now it is 1 - 2 . it gives you possibility to send ~ 3600 farm attacks / h ( excluding
send accurately in time
sait attacks )
you can add cities in other overviews for premium account . combined , production , troops , buildings , technology , groups view - all are working fine now .
added option to disable logs ( settings - > general ) . it will improve performance for users with many villages .
the species has been found in tall vegetation in swamps and flooded grasslands , and occasionally in dry savannas ( hayman et al . 1986 ) , from the tropical zone locally up to 2 , 200 m ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) . it apparently also occurs in degraded habitat following forest clearance ( j . mazar barnett verbally 1998 ) . its diet apparently includes frogs and it may feed only at night ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) . in brazil , nests have been found in september and from november to early january ; nests are generally placed on a small hillock between swamps , and 2 - 4 eggs are laid ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) . the movements of this species are very poorly understood , and it appears to arrive seasonally at some sites , apparently after rain ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 3 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is regarded as local and uncommon in colombia , and is nowhere common , but its nocturnal habits and extremely secretive behaviour might exaggerate the impression of its scarcity ( del hoyo et al . 1996 ) .
it occurs in tall vegetation in swamps and flooded grasslands , and occasionally in dry savannah . it ranges from the lowlands up to 2 , 200 m altitude .
it seems to arrive in some areas after rain , but its seasonal movements are very poorly understood .
nests of the southern race have been found in brazil in september and from november to early january . they are placed on a hillock between swamps , and 2–4 eggs are laid . no nests of the nominate subspecies have been found .
other gallinago snipes have an aerial display , which involves flying high in circles , followed by a powerful stoop during which the bird makes a drumming sound , caused by vibrations of modified outer tail feathers . this species displays at night , but it is not known whether it drums .
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. . . this study confirms that woodcock wintering in britain are frequently parasitized by cestodes , and suggests that the intensity of parasitization may be determined by the body condition of the host , as those birds with higher fresh weight and pectoral mass showed higher cestode burdens . given the fact that earthworms are intermediate hosts for several cestode species found in woodcock ( bondarenko & kontrimavichus , 2006 ) , and that earthworms are one of the woodcock ' s main prey items ( granval , 1987 ; hoodless & hirons , 2007 ) , the high prevalence found in all regions was not surprising . our results agree with an earlier suggestion of high prevalence levels ( shorten , 1974 ) and the prevalence in our sample was similar to that found by reguera et al . ( 1991 ) for woodcock harvested in spain ( 89 % ) , and to that found by paoletti et al . ( 2016 ) in italy ( 93 . 2 % ) . . . .
. . . the intensity of cestodiasis in woodcock may be affected by differences in feeding patterns and earthworm availability in each region . earthworm availability and subsequent woodcock diet composition vary among different regions , as demonstrated by hoodless & hirons ( 2007 ) in spring , and by granval ( 1987 ) in autumn and winter . it may be , then , that those birds feeding more efficiently in each region were more prone to cestodiasis . . . .
. . . moreover , unlike many woodland specialists , woodcock do not rely on mature forest and appear to require areas with at least some young growth or clearings . perhaps habitat complementarity is a more important consideration ( dunning et al . 1992 ) as radio - tracking studies suggest that habitats associated with nesting and chick - rearing differ ( hirons 1988 , hoodless & hirons 2007 . it may be that larger woods usually offer a greater diversity of stand type and ages as well as a more diverse range of micro - climates , ensuring the availability of wet feeding areas throughout the summer . . . .
. . . the great disadvantage would be that these activities might require far more effort with less chance of success . the technique which is suitable for conditions in spring or in autumn might not be efficient in summer , when woodcocks may spend less time in open fields at night ( hoodless & hirons 2007 ) . the recovery rate – which is linked mainly to hunting – can be considered high . . . .
. . . diet ) , as well as a number of bird species including thrushes ( gruar et al . 2003 ) and some predatory birds ( hounsome et al . 2004 ; schipper et al . 2012 ) are only facultative earthworm predators , consuming earthworms only at certain times , such as when they are present on the soil surface ( e . g . , during wet periods ) . other species , such as the european mole ( talpa europaea ) and birds like the american woodcock ( the eco‐ssl receptor ) feed predominantly on earthworms , with earthworms constituting greater than 75 % of the diet ( hoodless and hirons 2007 ) . prey selection can also represent an important exposure estimation variable for carnivores . . . .
. . . the same phenomenon seems to occur at larger spatial scales both in britain ( hoodles et al . 2009 ) and in france ( ferrand et al . 2008 ) , where breeding woodcock are particularly scarce in the locations where they tend to be most abundant in winter . the seasonal change in altitudinal distribution is coupled with a seasonal change in activity patterns : in summer , woodcocks are almost continuously active over a 24 hour period but are more active during the day and in the forest ( hoodless & hirons 2007 , this study ) whereas during the winter their activity and feeding take place mainly at night and in the fields ( duriez et al . 2005a , b , braña et al . 2010 ) . change in earthworm availability could be the key factor in explaining this seasonal shift in habitat use and time schedule , as summer soil dryness prevents woodcock probing for food . . . .


the black-crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) is a species of hummingbird in the family trochilidae .

it is found in belize , costa rica , guatemala , honduras , mexico , and nicaragua .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and heavily degraded former forest .

black - crested coquette

nobody uploaded sound recordings for black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) yet .
the black - crested coquette is sedentary in its range . some irregular seasonal altitudinal movements can be observed .
range : the black - crested coquette is found in s mexico and s to e costa rica , but also in belize , guatemala , honduras and nicaragua .
the black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) is a central american hummingbird that occurs naturally in southern mexico ( veracruz , oaxaca , chiapas ) south to eastern costa rica .
diet : the black - crested coquette feeds on nectar from several flowers such as clusia , cordia , dipterix , hampea and others . it also consumes arthropods gleaned from foliage and twigs .
the black - crested coquette has a very short red bill with a black tip . the back is glossy green ; the rump is blackish - and a white band separates the green back from the black rump . the under plumage is greenish bronze spotted . its most distinctive feature is the white rump band .
behaviour : the black - crested coquette usually forages at canopy level . it feeds on nectar from flowers of several plant species . it also gleans arthropods from the vegetation , foliage and tiny branches .
habitat : the black - crested coquette frequents semi - open habitats . it also can be seen at forest edges , in second growth and plantations . this species occurs between 100 and 1200 metres of elevation .
the black - crested coquette adult male has bronze - green upperparts and white band across the rump , whereas the uppertail coverts are black . wings are dark olive - green . tail is slightly forked , with dark green central rectrices and other tail feathers are rufous with dusky green edges .
flight : the black - crested coquette performs active hovering to feed on nectar from flowers . it is able to fly forwards and backwards , and the wings draw flattened “8” . such active flight requires energy , and according to the temperature , the frequency of wing - beats changes , involving energy conservation .
the adult male has a long black and green crest . the throat is sparkling green with showy black - and - buff throat ( gorget ) feathers extending from his lower throat .
6·4–7 cm ; male and female 2·6–2·8 g . male has short straight bill , red , tipped black ; crown iridescent green , wispy crest hair - like , black , . . .
protection / threats / statuts : the black - crested coquette is uncommon , but the species is not threatened at this moment . this species frequents man - made habitats such as plantations , and the numbers of mature birds are relatively stable , in spite of some declines ( about 10 % ) in the last ten years .
reproduction : the nesting behaviour of the black - crested coquette is poorly known . nest has been found in march , placed at the end of a twig , at about 8 metres above the ground . the tiny nest is cup - shaped and made with fine plant materials . the nest - site is probably near the feeding areas .
throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
as other hummingbirds from small to large species , the black - crested coquette defends its feeding territory against intruders . even if many species are trap - line feeders on nectar sources too scattered to be defended , and do not establish true feeding territories , some intimidation behaviour occurs if two birds feed in close vicinity . they are mainly non - territorial but with limits , according to the situation .
description : all members of genus lophornis have a conspicuous crest often raised during the displays . the hummingbirds named “coquette” are among the tiniest birds .
züchner , t . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto the black - crested coquette , as other trochilid species , utters high - pitched , short calls . these unmelodious sounds are heard when the birds are feeding “teek” , or as advertising calls when they defend a rich food source . but usually , singing activity is closely associated to breeding season during which they utter a repeated upslurred “tsuwee” , and also to defence behaviour . when fighting , they give a high - pitched twittering .
the female black - crested coquette is responsible for building the cup - shaped nest out of plant fibers woven together and green moss on the outside for camouflage in a protected location in a shrub , bush or tree . she lines the nest with soft plant fibers , animal hair and feather down , and strengthens the structure with spider webbing and other sticky material , giving it an elastic quality to allow it to stretch to double its size as the chicks grow and need more room . the nest is typically found on a low , skinny horizontal branch .
on the underparts , the throat is glossy green and the breast is black , bordered by bronze breast band . belly is white and shows conspicuous iridescent golden - bronze rounded spots . vent is white . undertail coverts are rufous .
the black - crested coquettes primarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored , scented small flowers of trees , herbs , shrubs and epiphytes . they favor flowers with the highest sugar content ( often red - colored and tubular - shaped ) and seek out , and aggressively protect , those areas containing flowers with high energy nectar . they use their long , extendible , straw - like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second . sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding .
on the head , the crown is iridescent green and shows a wispy crest made with some elongated dark feathers . face is darker , rather glossy blackish - green according to the lighting . we can see some other elongated lateral feathers on the throat sides . these feathers are black , with pale buff inner web .
the thin , straight bill is red with black tip . eyes are dark brown . short legs and feet are pinkish - grey . feet are reduced because the hummingbirds do not use them for hopping , walking or climbing as numerous other birds’ species do . this criterion is common to all hummingbirds which spend most of the day hovering . such flight requires a lot of energy .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be moderately small to large , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
partners in flight estimated the population to number fewer than 50 , 000 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) , thus it is placed in the band 20 , 000 - 49 , 999 individuals here .
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authors : marîa del coro arizmendi , claudia i . rodríguez - flores , carlos a . soberanes - gonzález , guy m . kirwan , and thomas s . schulenberg
arizmendi , m . d . c . , c . i . rodríguez - flores , c . a . soberanes - gonzález , g . m . kirwan , and t . s . schulenberg ( 2013 ) .
) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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martin flack , claude king , jacqueserard , joseph c . boone , marc fasol , holger teichmann , david lingard , beat . r , ken havard , tadeusz rosinski , dusan m . brinkhuizen .
formerly placed , together with its sister - species l . adorabilis , in a separate genus , paphosia . monotypic .
s mexico ( veracruz , n oaxaca , chiapas ) s to ec costa rica .
mostly silent . presumed song a repeated clear , upslurred “tsuwee” . calls include a quiet , metallic . . .
semi - open habitats , forest edge , second growth , gaps and plantations at 100–1200 m . forages . . .
nest found in mar ; small , cup - shaped at end of twig 8 m above ground . no further information available .
not globally threatened . cites ii . generally uncommon . may accept man - made habitats like plantations to some extent . species has been recorded in sierra de los tuxtlas ( . . .
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recent molecular analysis found that most genera in the following linear sequence , from heliangelus to metallura , are members of a monophyletic group # r ; authors of that study also proposed that polyonymus , sappho and taphrolesbia ( not sampled in their analysis ) be included in same group .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america by steve n . g . howell , sophie webb - oxford university press - isbn : 0198540124
l’encyclopedie mondiale des oiseaux - dr christopher m . perrins - bordas - isbn : 2040185607
female has whitish throat flecked dark . she has shorter crest , and the feathers of the throat sides are absent . tail is rounded . bill is blackish on the upper mandible .
immature male resembles female and shows vestige of crest . throat is whitish and upper breast is blackish .
this species feeds by “trap - lining” technique , as several species do according to the bill - shape . the members of genus lophornis take advantage of their very small size , resembling large insects , and do not hesitate to feed in areas within a territory which is not directly visible or guarded by the owner . they forage in trap - line , following a repeated foraging circuit .
during the courtship displays , the male expose its glossy plumage . the crest is also displayed , as the elongated feathers of the throat sides . displays are accompanied by vocalizations . the white rump is probably exposed too , the male raising the back feathers to show off the white area . males are usually polygamous .
their preferred habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests or moist montanes , as well as heavily degraded former forest .
juveniles and adult females lack the crest and throat patch of the adult male . he plumage is more brownish and generally duller .
hummingbirds are solitary in all aspects of life other than breeding ; and the male ' s only involvement in the reproductive process is the actual mating with the female . they neither live nor migrate in flocks ; and there is no pair bond for this species . males court females by flying in a u - shaped pattern in front of them . he will separate from the female immediately after copulation . one male may mate with several females . in all likelihood , the female will also mate with several males . the males do not participate in choosing the nest location , building the nest or raising the chicks .
the average clutch consists of two white eggs , which she incubates alone , while the male defends his territory and the flowers he feeds on . the young are born blind , immobile and without any down .
the female alone protects and feeds the chicks with regurgitated food ( mostly partially - digested insects since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing chicks ) . the female pushes the food down the chicks ' throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs .
as is the case with other hummingbird species , the chicks are brooded only the first week or two , and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days - probably due to the small nest size . the chicks leave the nest when they are about 20 days old .
many native and cultivated plants on whose flowers these birds feed heavily rely on them for pollination . the mostly tubular - shaped flowers actually exclude most bees and butterflies from feeding on them and , subsequently , from pollinating the plants .
they may also visit local hummingbird feeders for some sugar water , or drink out of bird baths or water fountains where they will either hover and sip water as it runs over the edge ; or they will perch on the edge and drink - like all the other birds ; however , they only remain still for a short moment .
they also take some small spiders and insects - important sources of protein particularly needed during the breeding season to ensure the proper development of their young . insects are often caught in flight ( hawking ) ; snatched off leaves or branches , or are taken from spider webs . a nesting female can capture up to 2 , 000 insects a day .
males establish feeding territories , where they aggressively chase away other males as well as large insects - such as bumblebees and hawk moths - that want to feed in their territory . they use aerial flights and intimidating displays to defend their territories .
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natural vocalization ; calls and wing noise from a male bird visiting some porterweed at very close range . surrounding habitat was dense primary foothill forest . the bird was calling consistently , but this was all i could get due to very heavy traffic nearby .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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