gato del sol ( february 23 , 1979 – august 7 , 2007 ) was an american thoroughbred racehorse best known for his win in the 1982 kentucky derby .

gato del sol

ransom also was a pretty good prophet when it came to gato del sol .
with the headline : gato del sol , 21 - 1 , rallies and wins the derby .
please click here to read a wonderful recent article from the courier journal about gato del sol .
the hancocks brought gato del sol home five years ago , and some people still are talking about it .
exercise rider linda smithwick holds the reins of 1982 kentucky derby winner gato del sol . may 2 , 1982
it makes one long for the days of 1982 winner gato del sol , who ran until he was six .
kentucky derby countdown | gato del sol , 1982 remembering the 1982 kentucky derby winner . check out this story on urltoken urltoken
hancock sold gato del sol to a german breeder , hoping he would turn out distance runners fit for european grass courses . but gato became a flop on two continents .
history will not be kind to gato del sol . he will be remembered as one of the least accomplished winners of the kentucky derby .
twenty - three years later gato del sol trainer eddie gregson , known for always putting the horse first and foremost , became the next to decide against a preakness run . gato del sol came back in the belmont stakes , finishing second to conquistador cielo , beaten 14 lengths .
this writer said there were seven horses that had legitimate chances to win the ' 82 derby , and gato del sol wasn ' t one of them .
american pharoah is the fourth to complete the del mar futurity - kentucky derby double . the previous three were : tomy lee ( 1958 - 59 ) , gato del sol ( 1981 - 82 ) and silver charm ( 1996 - 97 ) . connections for both tomy lee and gato del sol passed on the preakness , a rarity then , unheard of now .
gato del sol is only the seventh derby winner to come to the race via california and the santa anita derby . the most recent was affirmed in 1978 .
through endurance and numerous close finishes in big races , gato del sol went out a millionaire , his $ 1 . 3 million ranking him 26th in career earnings .
natalie voss , in a story for the paulick report headlined ‘triple frown’ : derby dreamers who woke up before the preakness - included the tomy lee and gato del sol cases .
tomy lee is one of three del mar futurity champions to go on and win the derby . the others are gato del sol ( 1981 futurity , 1982 kentucky derby ) and silver charm ( 1996 futurity , 1997 derby ) .
although gato del sol had finished second in the blue grass stakes at keeneland the week before , he went off at 21 - 1 odds in the derby . and why not ?
to the owners ' credit , they never stopped trying with gato del sol , whose sire , cougar ii , had been a grass champion as a 6 - year - old .
paris , ky . — gato del sol ' s hair has turned white . this probably can be laid more to his age — 25 — than to , say , worry .
house focus works exclusively for the buyer , which makes us the only exclusive buying agent on the costa del sol .
the 1981 del mar futurity winner gato del sol was the first del mar futurity winner to win the kentucky derby the following year . others to complete the double were silver charm ( 1996 - 97 ) , american pharoah ( 2014 - 15 ) and nyquist ( 2015 - 16 ) .
gato del sol raced until the age of six for hancock and peters , eventually switching to the turf . before his racing career concluded , he won or placed in 17 stakes events and earned $ 1 , 340 , 107 . when he retired in 1985 , gato del sol had tallied seven of 39 starts and a place in history as the 1982 kentucky derby winner .
the 1982 case study is slightly different , in that derby upsetter gato del sol skipped the preakness won by aloma’s ruler . neither could cope with conquistador cielo in the belmont , where gato del sol was best of the rest , but aloma’s ruler turned the tables in both of their ensuing meetings , memorably when they were second and fifth , respectively , in the travers .
so it was only fitting with the tone of surprising reversals that eddie gregson , the winner ' s trainer , said that gato del sol would probably not run in the preakness stakes may 15 .
! our goal is to save you money and make sure that fantastic place on the sunny costa del sol will be yours .
in the fall of ' 83 , gregson lost gato del sol to charlie whittingham , who had trained cougar . maturity , an emphasis on grass races and whittingham ' s considerable expertise still couldn ' t produce another major win for gato del sol . what jockey angel cordero once said about gato applied to too many of his races :
the horse is what you would call a plodder ; he keeps running at the same pace all the way around the track .
gregson said earlier this week that his entire stable would accompany him when he takes gato del sol to belmont . gregson will then race most of his stock in new york , at least through autumn .
by keith williams , the c - j staci and arthur hancock found gato del sol , now 25 , was living in germany and brought him back to their paris , ky . , farm in august 1999 . about top jobs paris , ky . — gato del sol ' s hair has turned white . this probably can be laid more to his age — 25 — than to , say , worry .
the arlington million had a strong field , including the champion mare royal heroine as well as gato del sol , yet john henry made it look easy , drawing off to win by a length and three quarters .
gato del sol , who won the ' 82 derby against 18 horses whose remaining careers were just about as lackluster as his , won only four subsequent races before his owners finally retired him to stud the other day .
had gato del sol ' s owners , arthur hancock iii and leone peters , known what was ahead , they might have retired their horse the day after the derby . gato del sol was probably an $ 8 - million stallion then , but last november , before he ran eighth in the breeders ' cup turf stakes at hollywood park , hancock estimated that the horse ' s value had shrunk to about $ 2 . 5 million .
when exceller , a prime racer and a disappointing stud , ended up in a swedish slaughterhouse , arthur ' s wife , staci , began to worry . she fretted that gato del sol might meet the same fate .
eddie gregson trained gato del sol , and eddie delahoussaye rode him . in the derby their horse went off as a long shot from a seemingly impossible post position — 19 — and won by 2½ lengths over laser light .
the last time the travers field included three different triple crown winners was in 1982 , when gato del sol , aloma’s ruler , and conquistador cielo competed . none of those horses won , however , as runaway groom finished first .
laser light , who lost ground at almost every opportunity , was moving fastest of all on the outside , but gato del sol , under 11 right - handed cracks of delahoussaye ' s whip , was able to maintain his margin .
it will be remembered as the topsy - turvy derby , the one in which the last finished first . by the end of the mile - and - a - quarter race today at churchill downs , gato del sol had come from last place in a field of 19 to win the 108th kentucky derby . so it was only fitting with the tone of surprising reversals that eddie gregson , the winner ' s trainer , said that gato del sol would probably not run in the preakness stakes may 15 . gato del sol , a son of cougar whose name translates from spanish as cat of the sun , finished 2 1 / 2 lengths ahead of laser light , who nipped reinvested by a neck for second . urltoken
gato del sol is owned and was bred in kentucky by arthur hancock 3d and leone j . peters , who collected $ 417 , 600 from a record derby purse of $ 522 , 600 . otherwise , the gray colt ' s victory was a california production . both delahoussaye and gregson do their racing in california , as had gato del sol until he finished second in the blue grass stakes nine days ago . the colt ' s victory was his first in five starts this year .
gato del sol has now earned $ 724 , 793 in winning three of 13 career starts . his other two victories were at del mar near san diego , where he won a maiden race last august , and the rich del mar futurity a month later . he also has been second in the blue grass and san felipe , third in the balboa and norfolk , and fourth in the santa anita derby .
immediately following the derby , trainer eddie gregson announced plans to skip the preakness s . - g1 and focus on the belmont s . - g1 , a race better suited to gato del sol ' s abilities . it would be the first time in 23 years that the derby winner opted to pass the preakness and a chance at triple crown splendor . unfortunately , gato del sol ' s belmont bid fell just short , as he finished second to eventual horse of the year conquistador cielo , who also won the metropolitan h . - g1 just five days earlier .
gato del sol , a son of cougar whose name translates from spanish as cat of the sun , finished 2 1 / 2 lengths ahead of laser light , who nipped reinvested by a neck for second . the three had been running in that order early in the race - at the back of the pack . if the field had been stopped at that point and turned backward , the result would have been the same as it was at the finish : coming out of the first turn , gato del sol was 19th , laser light was 18th and reinvested 17th .
as a juvenile , gato del sol ' s potential was evident when he captured the del mar futurity - g2 in september of 1981 . although it would be his last victory until the run for the roses , the gray colt was runner - up in the prestigious blue grass s . - g1 as his last prep race for the derby and also had placed in the norfolk s . - g1 , san felipe h . - g2 , and hollywood prevue s . no race carries quite the impact as the derby , however , and gato del sol , rallying from last in the field of 19 , crossed the wire first in the most coveted race in north america .
standing at stone farm , gato del sol never lived up to expectations at stud , although he did sire some useful horses . he was sold to stand in germany beginning in 1993 , as it was hoped that european breeding would nicely compliment the strong turf and distance aspects of his pedigree . six years later , after hearing the disturbing news of exceller ' s untimely death in a swedish slaughterhouse , the hancocks bought gato del sol back and immediately pensioned him . the derby winner now enjoys his days in retirement , spending his time in a paddock at his birthplace and enjoying the attention of visiting fans .
gato del sol , who was gray in his youth , went off at 21 - 1 odds and won the derby in shocking style . on the track he never again approached such eminence , retiring at age 6 . his second career , as a stud , was uninspiring , to put it kindly .
dublino gets even in the $ 300 , 000 del mar oaks g1 . . .
it will be remembered as the topsy - turvy derby , the one in which the last finished first . by the end of the mile - and - a - quarter race today at churchill downs , gato del sol had come from last place in a field of 19 to win the 108th kentucky derby .
but suddenly , they were going nowhere and a second flight of horses ran by them as they moved into the final turn . reinvested stuck his big white nose in front for a few strides , but gato del sol passed him on the outside as they straightened away in the stretch . fast on the outside
may britt has some thoroughbred horse connections . in 1958 she was briefly married to actor and future horse - trainer edwin gregson , trainer of 1982 kentucky derby winner gato del sol . since 1993 she has been married to lennart ringqust , who was the second husband of penny chenery , the owner of secretariat .
gato was like a fairy tale ,
hancock said .
it was like seeing a vision .
gato del sol ( usa ) gr . h , 1979 { a1 } dp = 6 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 2 ( 18 ) di = 1 . 77 cd = 0 . 50 - 39 starts , 7 wins , 9 places , 7 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 340 , 107
ironically , linkage , the colt who beat gato del sol by 5 1 / 2 lengths in the blue grass , was sent to maryland after that race to prepare for the preakness . that decision to skip the derby was almost as surprising as gregson ' s to skip the preakness . ' a longrunning horse '
this year , the horse developed an ankle problem , and even though whittingham squeezed out that last win in the 1 1 / 2 - mile caballero two months ago , gato del sol still finished with a record of only 2 wins in 17 starts on the turf . even the grass wasn ' t greener .
laser light might also pass the preakness in favor of the belmont . like gato del sol , he gets better the farther he runs and his trainer , pat kelly , said earlier this week that the belmont was his ultimate goal . the last derby winner to skip the preakness was tomy lee in 1959 . unusual misfortunes
ringquist is now married to may britt , the former actress . not long removed from her native sweden , britt had a brief marriage to the late eddie gregson , a 19 - year - old fledgling actor , in the late 1950s . in 1982 , gregson trained gato del sol , winner of the kentucky derby .
tomy lee returns to the winner’s circle under bill shoemaker following the 1958 del mar futurity .
the third - longest shot on the board , gato del sol flew under everyone ' s radar and pulled a massive upset to win the 1982 kentucky derby at odds of 21 - 1 . though the field that assembled was arguably one of the weakest in recent years , he rallied from last to first to win by 2
the hancocks found that gato del sol had been sold to a farm in germany . they plunked down about $ 5 , 500 to buy him back — and another $ 12 , 500 or so to ship him back to kentucky . he ' s one of about 200 horses on their 2 , 000 - acre farm .
american pharoah ( 2015 ) and gato del sol ( 1982 ) are the only two to win from post # 18 . # 19 and # 20 only have one winner apiece : i’ll have another ( 2012 ) , and big brown ( 2008 ) respectively . the only post to never host a derby winner is # 17 .
gato del sol carried eddie delahoussaye through the 10 furlongs in 2 : 02 2 / 5 , creditable time considering this derby field had been considered the weakest in recent years . he returned $ 44 . 40 for $ 2 to win , the longest derby payoff since proud clarion paid $ 62 . 20 in 1967 . second largest crowd
less jaundiced historians will remember gato del sol as a derby winner who raced into his sixth year , the first to last that long since tomy lee , winner of the race in ' 59 . he was still on the track as a 7 - year - old . but tomy lee made only three starts from ages 4 through 6 .
in 1984 , at the age of nine , the mighty gelding was back for still another grueling season . in his first start that year , he was beaten by champion interco and kentucky derby winner gato del sol in the santa anita handicap after stumbling out of the gate . he was third behind the same pair in the san luis rey .
( hank wesch was the turf writer for the san diego union and union - tribune for 25 years . he authored a book on del mar’s history “del mar : where the turf meets the surf , ” in 2011 and has written del mar’s “stable notes” for the past four years . )
their absences left many racing people feeling that this was an unusually sub - par field . that the first two finishers were sent off at 21 - 1 and 18 - 1 would support that notion . also , gato del sol ' s winning time was the fourth slowest in the last 20 years , over a track that was otherwise fast today .
the california - bred colt would become the seventh horse to race at del mar after winning the kentucky derby , joining gato del sol ( 1982 kentucky derby winner ) , ferdinand ( 1986 ) , unbridled ( 1990 ) , silver charm ( 1997 ) , war emblem ( 2002 ) and giacomo ( 2005 ) . a son of lucky pulpit , california chrome drew post no . 5 with regular rider victor espinoza and is scheduled to meet five three - year - old rivals .
gregson had said several times this week that he thought gato del sol would be at his best in the mile - and - a - half belmont stakes , three weeks after the preakness . but a mile and a quarter seemed long enough for him today . now gregson , hancock and peters will have to decide whether shortening him up only a sixteenth of a mile will really compromise his form .
gato del sol went through all of 1984 without winning . even so , he probably ran his best post - derby races last year . he was beaten by a neck by interco in the san luis rey stakes at santa anita , ran third behind john henry and royal heroine in the arlington park million , and was second , a length behind both ends burning , in the oak tree invitational .
there were physical problems along the way . trainer eddie gregson wisely skipped the preakness , incurring the wrath of most of the state of maryland , and after a distant second - place finish to conquistador cielo in the belmont stakes , gregson wanted to bypass the travers at saratoga , too . but gato del sol did run in the travers , finished last and suffered a chipped knee that sidelined him for almost nine months after surgery .
although known as the
most exciting two minutes in sports ,
the kentucky derby - g1 can take a lifetime to win , or in arthur b . hancock iii ' s case , four lifetimes , as he is a fourth - generation horseman but the first in his family to capture the elusive prize . in 1982 , gato del sol , a flashy gray homebred , brought derby glory to hancock ' s stone farm .
una de las asociaciones decanas en la práctica del senderismo andaluz , con miembros muy activos y una variada oferta de rutas .
four horses won the del mar futurity as juveniles and then went on to win the kentucky derby . name the horses .
none of the four later wins - - which gave the 6 - year - old gray a career total of seven - - amounted to anything . there was an allowance race at saratoga in 1982 , three months after his derby victory ; in ' 83 , a win on the grass in the spring at hollywood park and a win in the minor cabrillo handicap at del mar in august ; and this year , a win in the obscure caballero handicap at hollywood may 18 , which was the last start in gato del sol ' s 39 - race career .
a kentucky derby winner from this century won just one more race in his career , at del mar . name the horse .
there were two things in gato del sol ' s favor , however . for openers , no one knew that he was running against one of the weakest derby fields in years . timely writer , who had won the flamingo stakes and the florida derby , and hostage , winner of the arkansas derby , were out with injuries . the lukewarm favorite was air forbes won , winner of the wood memorial and undefeated , but a colt who had run only four times .
the colt , born in 1979 , was bred in partnership by hancock and leone peters , a longtime client of stone farm ' s . hancock and peters had bought his dam , peacefully , as a yearling at saratoga and campaigned her to a stakes win . after she was retired to stone farm as a broodmare , she was bred to stone farm stallion and eclipse award winner cougar ii for two consecutive years . her second mating to the stallion produced gato del sol .
gato ' s victory meant it was time to reward ransom . the boss had a chevy in mind . once again , hancock and ransom were not on the same page .
california chrome had offered a small hint of things to come with a victory in del mar’s graduation stakes for california - breds before the futurity setback .
the popular grey silver charm began his career with a second - place finish at del mar aug . 10 in 1996 , and followed it with a maiden victory aug . 24 and victory in the del mar futurity , then grade 2 , sept . 11 . he won the derby and preakness the following year .
however , delve back a little and there are some intriguing links . here’s a few posers to test your knowledge of the connections between the derby and del mar .
a kentucky derby winner of the 1990s had his first three races at del mar , finishing second , first , and first in those races . which horse was it ?
when it was all over , sunday silence wore the derby roses with easy goer placing second . hancock had his second derby in seven years , having won in 1982 with gato del sol . horse racing is the sport of dreams , and there is no higher dream , no more colossal wish , no more powerful hope , than to be standing in the kentucky derby winner ' s circle on the first saturday in may . it has reduced grown men to tears . hancock had his second derby and sunday silence was the star , but still neither hancock nor the world could possibly anticipate the greatness that was sunday silence .
gato del sol came away relaxed in last position and clear of horses , advanced on the outside under his own courage in the backstretch , picked up the field with a strong run completing the turn to take command before the furlong pole , was unaffected by reinvested leaning on him briefly and drew clear under strong right hand use of the whip into the final yards . laser light also relaxed in the early running , followed gato del sol around horses leaving the backstretch and was wide straightening away for the final stretch drive , loomed boldly but could not sustain his bid while gamely besting reinvested for the place . reinvested , intimidated by water bank leaving the half - mile marker and bothering cassaleria , swung slightly out on that rival getting room on the outside to follow gato del sol approaching mid - stretch , leaned in briefly under right hand urging and hung . water bank saved ground early , found room between rivals with a stretch bid and hung . muttering , well placed from the beginning , made a bid between horses entering the stretch and weakened slightly . rockwall finished well without being a threat . air forbes won responded with a strong run to reach the leaders completing the final turn and weakened late . star gallant was never a serious factor . majesty ' s prince bore out slightly while tiring . cupecoy ' s joy set the pace in comfortable fashion into the stretch turn before giving way . el baba , well situated closest to the pace , drew on even terms for the lead entering the stretch and weakened suddenly . cassaleria was being outrun when bothered by reinvested in the backstretch and never became a factor . royal roberto was outrun at all stages . bold style saved ground racing forwardly placed for six furlongs and tired . wolfie ' s rascal lost ground and dropped back early . new discovery gave a dull effort . real dare tired badly . scratched - rock steady .
baffert . callahan . espinoza . stevens . zayat . zetcher . all familiar names and faces at del mar for the summer and , as of last year , fall meetings .
this saturday , kentucky derby winner always dreaming , preakness stakes winner cloud computing , and belmont stakes winner tapwrit will square off in the mile - and - a - quarter travers stakes at saratoga . thirty - five years earlier , in 1982 , the three classic winners — gato del sol , aloma’s ruler , and conquistador cielo — all met in the travers as well , but runaway groom , winner of the prince of wales stakes in canada , surprised them all in the stretch to win . in 1918 , the kentucky derby , the preakness , and the belmont winners all faced off in the travers stakes at saratoga , also with a surprising result .
since 1981 , six cashcall futurity participants have gone on to win the kentucky derby ( gato del sol , 1981 ; ferdinand , 1985 ; alysheba , 1986 ; thunder gulch , 1994 ; real quiet , 1997 ; and giacomo , 2004 ) . six have also come back to win the preakness ( tanks prospect , 1984 ; snow chief , 1985 ; alysheba , 1986 ; real quiet , 1997 ; point given , 2000 ; and lookin at lucky , 2009 ) . three have won the belmont stakes ( a . p . indy , 1991 ; thunder gulch , 1994 ; and point given , 2000 ) . eleven cashcall starters have won a breeders’ cup race .
he had won only two races in his life , and the blue grass was his seventh non - winning performance since he had taken the del mar futurity in september of ' 81 .
fusaichi pegasus is the third winner of racing ' s most coveted prize to be bred and / or raised at stone farm . gato del sol , winner of the 1982 derby , also was bred by stone and raised on stone ' s rich land . horse of the year sunday silence , winner of the 1989 derby and preakness s . - g1 , was raised by stone as well and later owned in partnership by hancock . in addition , secretariat ' s best son , risen star , who won the preakness and belmont s . - g1 in 1988 and was subsequently named champion 3 - year - old colt , also was bred , raised , and sold by stone .
' ' we ' ll be sitting down and talking about it , ' ' peters said . ' ' it ' s up to our trainer . ' ' hancock and peters were represented in last year ' s derby by tap shoes , one of the favorites , who finished 14th . hancock is the eldest son of arthur hancock 2d , owner of claiborne farm , perhaps the most regal breeding farm in the country and the current home of several retired derby winners , including secretariat and spectacular bid . but the younger hancock went on his own after a dispute with his family and founded stone farm on an adjacent piece of land , where gato del sol was born and raised . a brilliant future
del mar renamed its escondido handicap in cougar ii ' s honor in 2007 . the 1 - 1 / 2 mile grade iii stakes for horses aged 3 and up is run on the main track .
for another thing , cupecoy ' s joy , a filly , ran one of the fastest three - quarter miles in derby history , and air forbes won and el baba , the second betting choice , tried to stay with her . all three horses paid the penalty . by the time they had to look down churchill downs ' long stretch , they were spent . gato del sol , who broke from the 18th post position , was in last place for a while , looped the field going down the backstretch and then was brought between horses by jockey eddie delahoussaye through the stretch . the horses who finished second , third and fourth - - laser light , reinvested and water bank - - also came from far back .
the 2005 kentucky derby was won at 50 - 1 by the californian - trained colt giacomo . he ran several good races afterwards , but his only subsequent victory was the 2006 san diego handicap at del mar .
in 2005 , o’neill saddled steviewonderboy , owned by entertainment mogul merv griffin , to victories in the del mar futurity and breeders’ cup juvenile - - making the colt the future book favorite for a derby he wouldn’t make .
now , for both of them , it’s on to saturday’s preakness , the second jewel in the triple crown series . a jewel which horses with strong del mar connections have both grasped , and declined to reach for .
no kentucky derby winner has won del mar’s richest race , the pacific classic in the same year . however , four 3 - year - olds beaten in the derby won the pacific classic later that year . name them .
but a look at the history of the del mar futurity , which will be run for the 67th time on wednesday ( september 3 ) , shows an admirable record for providing horses to watch when the triple crown series begins .
we continue straight at first , until we find a pair of little , ruined houses known as del consumo and del fielato . they used to be checkpoints for the products that arrived to the city of ronda . we continue through a clear piece of land that used be a sand mining area ( arenas de santander ) and then descend among the country houses of the cañada real del campo de gibraltar , with which we will also share our itinerary from now on . the track ends at the road from ronda to benaoján ( ma - 7401 ) . we will follow the road for 400m and then , after crossing it , continue down the track that goes to junta de los ríos .
1986 kentucky derby winner ferdinand won a memorable breeders’ cup classic in 1987 over that year’s derby winner alysheba . it was ferdinand’s fourth win in a row , one of which came at the del mar summer meet . name that race .
four years ago loes fell in love with andalucía and the spanish life . her passion for other cultures and languages made her professional career successful as international project manager , doing business with several countries in europe and south america . during these years in spain she built up a great local and international network on the costa del sol . a peoples person is what they call her , dedicated and honest . she will do everything in her power to make her clients walk away with greater than expected results and completely satisfied with their experience with house focus .
in 2012 , o’neill won the kentucky derby and preakness with a horse , i’ll have another , who finished second to creative cause in the 2011 best pal stakes at del mar , but o’neill opted not to run him in the futurity .
in its 11th running , in 1958 , the del mar futurity produced a winner , english - bred tomy lee , who would wear the blanket of roses on the first saturday in may the following year through a victory in the kentucky derby .
the shock of that . . . really moved me and gave it some sense of urgency ,
she said .
it was exceller that prompted me thinking , ` i want to keep an eye on him ( gato ) , and i want to know where he is at all times . '
nyquist remained unbeaten after eight starts when he won the 2016 kentucky derby . he recorded his first graded stakes victories the previous year in the best pal stakes and the del mar futurity on the way to becoming champion 2 - year - old male .
in recent years , trainer doug o’neill has experienced the high of winning a del mar futurity and the low of missing the derby with the same horse . and the low of losing the futurity with one horse , and winning the kentucky derby with a stablemate .
the wide and stone paved path starts with a steep slope that twists and turns in between the almond trees , known as the cuesta del cachondeo . in front of the worn walls of the albacara , which were once plastered with rammed earth and lime , we find a fork on the road . the path runs alongside the wall and connects the puerta del viento ( gate of the wind ) , to the left , with the puerta de los molinos ( gate of the mills ) , to the right . after crossing the puerta del viento , we turn to a path which descends to the right . this path is made of slippery pebbles that can make the walk more difficult when it rains . if so , be careful not to fall and watch out for any passing vehicles .
the kentucky derby in spring may not always seem closely linked to california’s great late - summer meet at del mar , especially given that derby 3 - year - olds often chase east coast races in summer such as the jim dandy stakes , haskell invitational , and travers stakes .
del mar racegoers one day in the 1990s who watched a colt finish fourth in a maiden special weight juvenile race over a mile – thus meaning he was still a maiden after six races – would have been surprised to learn that he would win the kentucky derby . name the horse .
american pharaoah made his racing debut at del mar on august 9 and finished fifth of nine , making behavioral and competitive mistakes that haven’t been seen since , then returned to shine in the futurity . firing line broke his maiden in his second career start on the closing day of the fall meeting .
the gr - 141 continues its way to jimera de líbar after a level crossing and the bridge over the guadiaro . the path that we see by the river leads to the charco de la barranca and the cueva del gato . we will turn south , following the signs of the gr - 141 , gr - 249 and sl - a 138 . we will encounter the ruins of some old mills associated near the river banks and inns like the one of maría joaquina , located on the left bank and easily recognisable for its two palm trees in the front patio , devoured by the red palm weevil . we can see again how the erosion removes the soil that hides the stone pavement .
we leave behind the municipality of ronda and enter that of benaoján . a road crosses the railway towards the pasada de gibraltar , fording the guadiaro river and resuming the cañada real together with the pr - 251 and heading to cueva del gato , estación de benaoján and benaoján . we continue straight into a well marked trail , the camino viejo de ronda ( old road to ronda ) , which gradually climbs higher and higher through huge retamas ( a species of broom bush ) and groups of fan palms . asparagus plants , thorny brooms , buckthorns and wild olive trees also grow here . if we look up to the sky we will surely spot committees of griffon vultures , which are abundant in the area .
' ' i ' ve pointed this colt for the kentucky derby ever since he won the del mar futurity as a 2 - year - old , ' ' gregson said . ' ' he ' s a longrunning horse , and win , lose or draw i wasn ' t planning on the preakness . ' '
ferdinand’s del mar victory – the second in a four - race streak which also included the hollywood gold cup and the goodwood handicap ( now the awesome again stakes ) – was the cabrillo handicap . this ungraded event was run for the last time in 1990 , giving way when the pacific classic was inaugurated in 1991 .
we are now entering the sierra de grazalema natural park . at this point we can cross the cañada real del campo de gibraltar through the itineraries gr - 7 and pr - 251 to montejaque and to the boquete de mures . our choice is to follow the track that overlaps with the pr - 253 and the gr - 249 . we walk alongside railroad track and the guadiaro river . we will see the limestone mountainsides of the cerro de mures and the sierra del algarrobo to the west , dedicated to dry - land farming . after leaving behind the wide meadow known as vega of huertas nuevas , at the point where the guadiaro approaches the cañada real , we find a prominent and solitary ash tree .
there are plenty of reasons to play saturday at del mar , from the exceptional stakes races , headlined by the pacific classic , to the exceptional wager menu , topped by a $ 1 million guaranteed late pick 4 ( races 8 – 11 ) . to help you bet the races , we welcome you to check out our free pacific classic wager guide , which is loaded with picks , analysis , wagering strategies and stats for the day’s three graded stakes races . a full xpressbet account is not required to access the guide , however if you don’t have an account , you must sign up for a trial account prior to downloading . xpressbet customers - log in & download non - xpressbet customers - sign up for a free trial account . no ssn or address required . plus , bet the races with us on saturday at del mar to split 3 million xb rewards points . first post from del mar is 5 : 00pm et and the pacific classic goes as race 8 , at 8 : 45pm et . watch the pacific classic live on the nbc sports network at 8 : 00pm et .
with years of experience working in real estate and banking in the netherlands , peter decided 11 years ago to start a new life in spain . during these 11 years he and his partner set up and managed successfully the restaurant el gato lounge in torremolinos . never losing his interest in real estate , they started renting out holiday properties for home owners several years ago . he would love to represent your interests and will be proud to arrange the best possible deal for you .
“steviewonderboy had such a great mind . i think it takes a brilliant two - year - old who also has a brilliant mind to win a race like the del mar futurity , ” o’neill said . “steviewonderboy just got stung by the injury bug early on in his three - year - old campaign or i think he would have been a factor in the derby . ”
we begin the first part of the gr 141 gran senda de la serranía de ronda ( great track of the serrania de ronda ) in plaza de maría auxiliadora ( maría auxiliadora square ) , also known as plaza del campillo . it is located in the historical centre of the city and near a row of natural balconies that look over the hoya del tajo ( river basin of the tajo de ronda ) , a great steep depression through which the guadalevin river runs . the quickest way to get here , taking the municipal tourism office next to the bull ring as reference , would be to get to the nearby plaza de españa and to cross the famous puente nuevo ( new bridge ) . then , we just have to follow armiñan and tenorio streets .
the neighbourhood of estación de benaoján was built due to the construction of the bobadilla - algeciras railroad . it reached its peak in the mid - 20th century , when the delicatessen lived its best moments . the industrial restructuring of the 80s caused its decline and many abandoned factories remain as proof . nevertheless , we can still buy different pork products ( like manteca de lomo , zurrapa colorá , caña de lomo , salchichón , etc . ) . in the last few years tourism activities have developed and we now find numerous restaurants and accommodations . from benaoján station we can follow several tracks of great interest . the one that takes you through the sl - a 139 towards the cueva del gato ( 2 . 2km long ) , and the one going up to the cueva de la pileta and through the sierra de grazalema natural park ( 3 . 2km ) are highly recommendable .
why it was shocking : though he had won the prestigious del mar futurity as a juvenile , his three - year - old season had been less inspiring . from four races as a sophomore , he had failed to win and was fourth in the santa anita derby in his final prep , leaving questions as to whether or not he had peaked as a two - year - old .
kentucky derby and preakness winner california chrome will make his turf debut in saturday ' s grade 1 , $ 300 , 000 hollywood derby at del mar . a neck third in the breeders ' cup classic , the art sherman - trained colt can make a push for horse of the year and champion three - year - old male with a victory in the 1 1 / 8 - mile turf affair .
american pharoah , who first showcased his talent winning the 2014 del mar futurity , was the derby favorite and obvious horse to watch . and it wasn’t difficult to follow the yellow and blue dotted silks of owner ahmed zayat as jockey victor espinoza guided american pharoah on a wide - but - clear trip from the no . 18 post and prevailed by a length over a game firing line and gary stevens .
real quiet couldn’t win at his first six race attempts in 1997 . he had finished third in four races prior to his del mar fourth - place finish . but he won two of his next three starts , including the hollywood futurity ( g1 ) , and the following year went closer than any horse between affirmed and american pharoah to completing the triple crown , losing the belmont stakes on the line by a nose .
kentucky - bred and venezuelan - raced canonero ii finished fifth , 7 3 / 4 lengths behind june darling in the 1970 del mar futurity . the following may , however , he shocked the racing world with a 3 3 / 4 length victory in the derby . part of the six - horse “field” in a race with 20 horses but technology for only 14 betting interests , canonero ii paid $ 19 . 20 to win and left horse players to wonder what his odds might have been as a solo option .
after a steep slope , we finally surmount the mountain pass of la muela , superb balcony to make a stop and to look back . up to here , the track coincides with the local trail sl - a 38 molinos del tajo ( mills of the tajo ) . this itinerary is also part of the montejaque - ronda section of the gr - 7 ( e / 4 ) and the small routes that lead to benaoján ( pr - a 251 ) and montejaque ( pr - a 253 ) , that converge from this point onwards .
however , the filly lexie lou , winner of the queen ' s plate at woodbine and most recently the autumn miss at santa anita , is cross - entered to sunday ' s grade 1 matriarch for fillies and mare on turf . the hollywood derby is one of three stakes on the penultimate day of del mar ' s bing crosby season along with the native diver , a grade 3 event at 1 1 / 8 miles on polytrack ; and jimmy durante , a one - mile grade 3 turf affair for three - year - old fillies .
from the small bridge that crosses the guadalcobacín river , we can see the point where the two rivers ( guadalcobacín and guadalevín ) meet . from this point onwards the river is known as guadiaro . black poplars , poplars , willows and ash trees grow on the river bank and barbels are easily spotted in its waters . further on , we will see a small stream , the arroyo del cupil , flowing into the guadiaro river . we leave the paved track and cross the railroad at the level crossing , after which we will find another fork in the road .
once we arrive at a mound on the road , we can look out to see a splendid panoramic of benaoján and its mountain range . afterwards , we will follow our path along the oak - covered mountainside . we will also find oaks , ardiviejas ( a type of rockrose ) , furzes , matagallos ( a type of nettle ) , and osyrises . on the other side of the river , in the paraje de la fresnedilla , we will observe the water supply facilities of benaoján and the old vegetable gardens of andalusi origin , which are still cultivated . after a small descent , the road crosses a bridge over the arroyo del agua ( stream of the water ) . once we have crossed the river , which is covered in rosebays , we can visit the ruins of the inn of arroyo del agua with the ruiniform cachón background on the opposite bank . behind the walls and looking to the river , a part of the old stone paving is still preserved , as well as some fig trees and a marvellous laurel . it is here that the road turns into a small path . after a light ascent , we reach another fabulous hillock where the path cuts through the rock .
owner : a . b . hancock iii / stone farm breeder : a . b . hancock iii & l . j . peters state bred : ky winnings : 39 starts : 7 - 9 - 7 , $ 1 , 340 , 107 at 2 : 1st del mar futurity ( g2 ) ; 2nd hollywood prevue s . ; 3rd norfolk s . ( g1 ) , balboa s . at 3 : 1st kentucky derby ( g1 ) ; 2nd san felipe h . ( g2 ) , blue grass s . ( g1 ) , belmont s . ( g1 ) at 4 : 1st cabrillo h . ; 2nd del mar invitational h . ( g2 ) at 5 : 2nd san luis rey s . ( g1 ) , oak tree invitational ( g1 ) ; 3rd santa anita h . ( g1 ) , budweiser million ( g1 ) , carleton f . burke h . ( g2 ) at 6 : 1st caballero h . ; 2nd premiere h . ( only 2 starts in last year ) went out a winner in the 1985 caballero handicap . at stud : stone farm / ky 1986 - 92 ; gestut goerlsdorf , germany 1993 - 99 returned to stone farm ( pensioned ) in august 2000 euthanized due to the infirmities of old age at stone farm , august 7 , 2007 . urltoken ( close )
as it happened with the benaoján station , this neighborhood rose thanks to the construction of the algeciras - bobadilla railroad . the nice climate of the town , in which vegetable gardens and citrus fruits proliferate , did not come unnoticed by the tourists , who made the area the leading edge in rural tourism in the region of málaga . from here we can make different itineraries : on one hand , across the cañada real del campo de gibraltar and the guadiaro , and through the proper town of jimera de líbar on the other . you can also practice canoeing , as the section of the river in between the stations of benaoján and jimera is perfect for doing so . several whitewater rafting competitions have been held here .


the wallace 's hanging parrot ( loriculus flosculus ) also known as the flores hanging parrot , is a small ( length : 11 – 12 cm ) parrot endemic to the island of flores .

this is an arboreal parrot .

the male is predominantly green , with a red bill , a red spot on the throat , orange legs and dark red nape , bright red rump and uppertail-coverts .

the female has the red on the throat reduced or absent .

this parrot qualifies as endangered as it has a very small range and population .

the main threat is habitat destruction .

it is named after alfred russel wallace , a british naturalist , explorer , geographer , and biologist .

wallace ' s hanging parrot

wallace ' s hanging parrot ( loriculus flosculus ) is a species of bird in the psittaculidae family .
the wallace ' s hanging parrot ( loriculus flosculus ) - also known as the flores hanging parrot - is endemic to the western parts of the island of flores in the lesser sunda islands of indonesia .
hanging parrots general info and species listing . . . photos of the various hanging parrot species for identification
species : scientific : loriculus flosculus . . . english : wallace ' s hanging parrot . . . dutch : flores hangparkiet . . . german : blütenpapagei . . . french : loricule de walace
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the wallace ' s hanging parrot is well camouflaged by its plumage and is , therefore , easily overlooked in the foliage . they are most commonly seen flying . their flight is rapid with whirring wing - beats . their calls are not particularly loud , but sharp and shrill .
the flores hanging parrot was , until fairly recently , thought to be extinct due to its very small range and population .
cites lexicon of parrots birdlife international internet bird collection parrots : a guide to parrots of the world , juniper and parr , 1998 xeno - canto wallace ' s hanging parrot , chartier , allen t . xc31397 parrots of the world , forshaw , 2006 . 2010 edition vanished and vanishing parrots , forshaw , 2017 . parrots in aviculture , low , 1992 .
all other parrots on flores are much larger . tawny - breasted parrot - finch
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collar , n . , de juana , e . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . flores hanging - parrot ( loriculus flosculus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
due to its very small range and population , this parrot qualifies as endangered . the current population is estimated at between 2500 and 10000 . its main threat is habitat destruction due to deforestation .
11 - 12 cm . arboreal parrot . male predominantly green , lighter on underparts , with red bill , elongated red spot on throat , orange legs and dark red nape , bright red rump and uppertail - coverts . female has red on throat reduced or absent .
this parrot qualifies as endangered because it has a very small range , in which its habitat is severely fragmented and declining in extent and quality , with rapid declines suspected in the population . its status is likely to deteriorate further if conservation measures are not implemented in the near future .
this is a small arboreal parrot , averaging 4 . 75 inches ( 11 to 12 cm in length ) . the male is predominantly yellowish - green , with a red bill , an elongated red spot on the throat , orange legs and dark red nape , bright red rump and uppertail - coverts . the bill is pale red with yellow tips . the iris of the male is orange ( hen brown ) and the feet are brownish - flesh in color .
the population is estimated to number 2 , 500 - 9 , 999 mature individuals based on an assessment of known records , descriptions of abundance and range size . this is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size , and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated extent of occurrence is likely to be occupied . this estimate is equivalent to 3 , 750 - 14 , 999 individuals , rounded here to 3 , 500 - 15 , 000 individuals . trend justification : the species ' s distribution seems to correspond with the two major natural forest types on flores : moist evergreen and semi - deciduous . these are being cleared for agriculture and the collection of firewood and construction materials . hence , the species is suspected to be in decline , although the likely rate of decline has not been estimated .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
endangered b1ab ( ii , iii , iv , v ) ver 3 . 1
, where it is known from eight documented localities , at some of which it is locally common in groups of up to 20 birds ( birdlife international 2001 ) . at tanjung kerita mese , population density was estimated at c . 10 birds per hectare . the species is quite easily overlooked ; however , its overall rarity cannot be disputed , and its apparently restricted habitat and altitudinal range suggest that it must be both numerically constrained and susceptible to further habitat loss . recent records on rinca island from outside its known altitudinal range and preferred habitat
. 2007 ) suggest that it may be more cosmopolitan in its distribution and therefore less threatened , but this requires further research .
. 2007 ) . its range apparently closely equates to that of these two forest - types on flores , although it also visits degraded roadside habitat . it occurs chiefly in a narrow altitudinal band between 600 m and 1 , 200 m , but has been recorded down to sea - level in deciduous forest on rinca island
habitat destruction through the combined impacts of firewood collection , commercial logging , timber extraction for construction materials and clearance for agriculture together represent the most pertinent threat . the loss and fragmentation of forests is already extensive on flores , where no semi - evergreen forest below 1 , 000 m is included within gazetted protected areas . these threats are compounded by human population expansion , with large volumes of timber required for housing construction , and the fact that there is little or no governmental enforcement of laws . moist deciduous forest is currently being extensively cleared through land grabbing and establishment of agricultural areas , a factor that is inevitably reducing the range and population of this species . forest clearance continues in the coastal belt to make way for crops , and illegal logging continues in protected areas .
cites appendix ii . two recent surveys have targeted endemic birds on flores . two sites at which this species occurs are proposed for establishment as protected areas : tanjung kerita mese and egon iliwuli ( on gunung egon ) .
conduct a targeted survey for the species to identify important sites , with a view to affording them protection . conduct research into its status and habitat use ( with particular regard to feeding ecology and forest fragmentation ) such that long - term management of the species is facilitated . monitor trade across indonesia to investigate whether this presents a significant threat . support the rapid establishment of tanjung kerita mese proposed protected area along with additional intact stretches of forest at nggorang bowosie ( 220 km
) . initiate awareness campaigns to elicit the support of local people in protecting forests .
this errata version of the 2014 assessment was created because the original publication was missing the red list criteria .
( errata version published in 2018 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t22685428a123785052 .
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sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
forms a species - group with l . exilis and l . pusillus , and sometimes considered conspecific with former . monotypic .
11–12 cm . green , lighter on underparts ; bill red ; throat with elongated red spot ; nape tinged orange ; rump and uppertail - coverts red ; legs orange . female has red on . . .
mainly combinations of insect - like , short , staccato , high - pitched “tsee” or “tsik” notes .
primary semi - evergreen forest , chiefly 800–1000 m but with records down to 450 m .
most sightings in 1993 were in fruiting fig trees , and dependence or specialisation on this food resource judged likely .
endangered . cites ii . previously considered vulnerable . a birdlife “restricted - range” species . surveys in 1993 found it to be locally common in the tanjung kerita . . .
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recent reappraisal of higher taxonomy of parrots # r proposed arrangement into three superfamilies , here treated as families ( strigopidae , cacatuidae , psittacidae ) ; same study split psittacidae , as here defined , into three families , with additional recognition of psittrichasidae ( psittrichas to coracopsis , below ) and psittaculidae ( psephotus to micropsitta , below ) ; in present work , separation of these families considered to require further study and perhaps additional support . in the past , present family was often split into two , with recognition of family loriidae ; at the other extreme , it was sometimes considered to include all psittaciformes .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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male - mainly green in colour , orange tint on nape to upper mantle ; red rump and upper tail coverts ; long , red mark on throat ; green tail tipped with pale green ; outer tail feathers tipped with orange / red . bill orange / red . eye orange . female - as in male , but long , red mark on throat minimal or absent . eye brown .
calls made in flight are sharp and screeching ; same notes are made while perched but are softer . also emits some hoarse , abrupt notes in display .
aviary 2 x 1 x 2m ( 6 . 5 x 3 . 3 x 6 . 5 ft ) or large birdroom cage with tiled surround and well - drained floor .
fruits such as : figs , apple , pear , banana , orange , pomegranate , mango , papaya , cactus fruits ; vegetables such as : carrot , celery , green beans and peas in the pod ; nectar made from : lactose - free baby cereal , honey , malt extract or molasses , mixed with filtered water and made fresh once or twice daily or , commercial lory nectar ; various millet seed mixes , canary grass seed , and small amount of niger and oats ( may be sprouted ) ; millet spray ( may be sprouted ) ; softened rusk , eggfood and mealworm larvae for rearing .
enjoys bathing so provide overhead misters or shallow water bowls . provide regular supply of fresh , unsprayed flowering , willow , or elder branches for the birds to remove the bark .
this species is threatened by the combined impacts of firewood collection , commercial logging , timber extraction for construction materials and clearance for agriculture .
found from 450 - 1000m ( 1312 - 3280 ft ) in primary semi - evergreen forest . on rinca seen in coastal moist deciduous forest . apparently requires an abundance of fruiting figs .
outside the breeding season birds gather in flocks of up to 20 individuals . are easily overlooked in the canopy ; noisy and conspicuous in flight .
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their preferred habitat includes forest and wooded areas , as well astall secondary vegetation . outside the breeding season , they are usually seen in small family groups and small flocks of up to 10 birds . at times larger gatherings can be seen foraging in favored feeding areas , such as on flowering and fruiting trees .
please note that some sources consider this species extinct . the state that the only specimen collected in about 1875 on flores island may not have been a valid species and it disappearead after deforestation . ( references : fuller , e . extinct birds of the world ql676 . 8 . f85 1987 isbn 0 - 8160 - 1833 - 2 p . 13 ) .
hens have brown irises and the red throat patch is much smaller or even absent in some females .
their natural diet consists of nectar , fruits , buds , flowers and seeds .
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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birdlife is reviewing the status of this species for the 2018 red list . please click here to join the discussion
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : loriculus flosculus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .


apocorophium lacustre is a species of amphipod crustacean .

it lives in nearly fresh water ; it is white and up to 6 mm long .

apocorophium lacustre

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
polyyppikatka
to
apocorophium lacustre ( vanhoffen , 1911 )
.
benson , a . j . , 2018 , apocorophium lacustre vanhoffen , 1911 : u . s . geological survey , nonindigenous aquatic species database , gainesville , fl , urltoken revision date : 3 / 7 / 2018 , access date : 7 / 9 / 2018
table 1 . states with nonindigenous occurrences , the earliest and latest observations in each state , and the tally and names of hucs with observations† . names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records . the list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of apocorophium lacustre are found here .
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
wilson , e . 2002 . apocorophium lacustre a mud shrimp . in tyler - walters h . and hiscock k . ( eds ) marine life information network : biology and sensitivity key information reviews , [ on - line ] . plymouth : marine biological association of the united kingdom . [ cited 09 - 07 - 2018 ] . available from : urltoken
m . j . de kluijver & s . s . ingalsuo ( 1999 ) .
corophium lacustre
. macrobenthos of the north sea .
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) bousfield , e . l . ( 1973 ) . shallow - water gammaridean amphipoda of new england . cornell university press , ithaca . 312 pp . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) lincoln , r . j . ( 1979 ) . british marine amphipoda : gammaridea . british museum ( natural history ) : london , uk . isbn 0 - 565 - 00818 - 8 . vi , 658 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) bellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
horton , t . ; lowry , j . ; de broyer , c . ; bellan - santini , d . ; coleman , c . o . ; corbari , l . ; daneliya , m . ; dauvin , j - c . ; fišer , c . ; gasca , r . ; grabowski , m . ; guerra - garcía , j . m . ; hendrycks , e . ; hughes , l . ; jaume , d . ; jazdzewski , k . ; kim , y . - h . ; king , r . ; krapp - schickel , t . ; lecroy , s . ; lörz , a . - n . ; mamos , t . ; senna , a . r . ; serejo , c . ; sket , b . ; souza - filho , j . f . ; tandberg , a . h . ; thomas , j . ; thurston , m . ; vader , w . ; väinölä , r . ; vonk , r . ; white , k . ; zeidler , w . ( 2018 ) . world amphipoda database .
lecroy , s . e . ; gasca , r . ; winfield , i . ; ortiz , m . ; escobar - briones , e . ( 2009 ) . amphipoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico . in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college . pp . 941–972 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
maris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar “ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index” . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
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grigorovich , i . a . , t . r . angradi , e . b . emery , and m . s . wooten . 2008 . invasion of the upper mississippi river system by saltwater amphipods . fundamental and applied limnology 173 ( 1 ) : 67 - 77 .
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citation information : u . s . geological survey . [ 2018 ] . nonindigenous aquatic species database . gainesville , florida . accessed [ 7 / 9 / 2018 ] .
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a small amphipod that grows up to 6 mm . the body is subcylindrical and depressed . it has small eyes that are situated on extensions of the head .
constructs mud tubes on hydroids , submerged vegetation and other surfaces in fresh or slightly brackish waters .
urosome segments fused ; lateral ridge distinct , uropods 1 and 2 inserted ventrally .
uropod 1 peduncle outer margin with 7 - 8 spines , inner margin with 1 distal spine ; uropod 2 peduncle inner margin with 1 distal spine , outer margin with 3 - 5 setae .
barnes , r . s . k . , 1994 . the brackish - water fauna of northwestern europe . cambridge : cambridge university press .
bratton , j . h . ( ed . ) , 1991 . british red data books : 3 . invertebrates other than insects . peterborough : joint nature conservation committee .
howson , c . m . & picton , b . e . , 1997 . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . belfast : ulster museum . [ ulster museum publication , no . 276 . ]
lincoln , r . j . , 1979 . british marine amphipoda : gammaridea . london : british museum ( natural history ) .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
depth range based on 231 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : - 99 - 23 . 39 temperature range ( °c ) : 23 . 731 - 23 . 731 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 327 - 0 . 327 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 209 - 35 . 209 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 870 - 4 . 870 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 133 - 0 . 133 silicate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 081 - 1 . 081 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : - 99 - 23 . 39 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
and up to 6 mm long . it occurs mainly on the atlantic coast of north america , the north sea and the baltic .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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faasse , m . ; van moorsel , g . ( 2003 ) . the north - american amphipods , melita nitida smith , 1873 and incisocalliope aestuarius ( watling and maurer , 1973 ) ( crustacea : amphipoda : gammaridea ) , introduced to the western scheldt estuary ( the netherlands ) . < em > aquatic ecology . < / em > 37 ( 1 ) : 13 - 22 .
lecroy , s . e . ; gasca , r . ; winfield , i . ; ortiz , m . ; escobar - briones , e . ( 2009 ) . amphipoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico . < em > in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m press , college . < / em > pp . 941–972 .