bibasis jaina , the orange-striped awl , is a species of hesperid butterfly found in asia .

the butterfly was reassigned to the genus burara by vane-wright and de jong ( 2003 ) , and is considered burara jaina by them .

the butterfly is occasionally referred to as the orange awlet , though that name is also used for bibasis harisa .

bibasis jaina

bibasis jaina ( moore , [ 1866 ] ) = ismene jaina moore , [ 1866 ] = ismene jaina vasundhara fruhstorfer , 1911 = bibais jaina = burara jaina = burara jaina jaina = ismene vasundhara fruhstorfer , 1911 .
orange - striped awl , burara jaina ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 11 ] formerly bibasis jaina .
bibasis jaina velva ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 62 , f . 4
orange awlet
redirects here . for the other moth with this common name , see bibasis jaina .
life cycle of orange awlet - burara jaina . by dr . k . saji
ismene jaina vasundhara fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : assam
ismene jaina formosana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : formosa
ismene jaina margana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 60 ; tl : siam , hinlap
bibasis kanara ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 15 ( text )
bibasis harisa consobrina ; [ bmp ] : 332 , pl . 52 , f . 4 - 6
bibasis iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis iluska iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis sena senata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis arradi [ sic ? ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 13 ( text )
green awlet , burara vasutana moore , 1865 [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 13 ] formerly bibasis vasutana .
bibasis ( coeliadinae ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
pale green awlet , burara gomata ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 6 ] formerly bibasis gomata .
plain orange awlet , burara anadi de nicéville , 1883 [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ] formerly bibasis anadi .
vane - wright and de jong ( 2003 ) ( see tol web pages on genus bibasis and genus burara in the tree of life web project ) state that bibasis contains just three diurnal species , the crepuscular remainder having been removed to burara . the species now shifted to burara are morphologically and behaviorally distinct from bibasis , within which many authors have formerly included them .
orange awlet , burara harisa ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 10 ] formerly bibasis harisa .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis jaina
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
small green awlet , burara amara ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] formerly bibasis amara .
branded orange awlet , burara oedipodea ( swainson , 1820 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 12 ] formerly bibasis oedipodea .
on : ismene jaina margana fruhstorfer , 1911 od : deut . ent . zeit . [ iris ] 25 : 60 . tl : hinlap , siam . ( nhml ) distribution : thailand , laos , vietnam , hainan .
note : bibasis contains just three diurnal species , of which only one occurs in india ; the crepuscular remainder having been removed to burara . the species now shifted to burara are morphologically and behaviorally distinct from bibasis , within which many authors have formerly included them . [ 3 ]
bibasis sena uniformis ; inoue & kawazoe , 1964 , tyô to ga 15 ( 2 ) : 35 ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 52 , f . 9
bibasis uniformis elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 305 , pl . 27 , f . 95 ; tl : java
bibasis tuckeri elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 293 , pl . 20 ; tl : tavoy , s . burma
bibasis owstoni eliot , 1980 ; malayan nat . j . 33 ( 3 / 4 ) : 150 , f . 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 ; tl : malaysia , pahang , fraser ' s hill
bibasis harisa , the orange awlet , is a species of hesperid found in asia . the butterfly was reassigned to genus burara by vane - wright and de jong ( 2003 ) and is considered by them to be burara harisa .
bibasis harisa , the orange awlet , [ 2 ] is a species of hesperid found in asia . the butterfly was reassigned to genus burara by vane - wright and de jong ( 2003 ) and is considered by them to be burara harisa . [ 3 ]
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis sena
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis gomata
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis amara
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis anadi
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis harisa
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis oedipodea
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis vasutana
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
bibasis sena ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 4 ) : 161 , pl . 65 , f . 3 , 3a ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 16 , pl . 6 , f . 21a - b ; [ bir ] , 469 ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 17 ; [ mrs ] , 693 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
ismene swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ( preocc . ismene savigny , 1816 ) ; ts : ismene oedipodea swainson
ismene gomata moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 783 ; tl : darjeeling
burara gomata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
gomata radiosa ( plötz , 1885 ) ( ismene ) ; berl . ent . z . 29 ( 2 ) : 232 ; tl : celebes
burara gomata radiosa ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
ismene gomata vajra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : java
ismene mahintha moore , [ 1875 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 ( 4 ) : 575 , pl . 67 , f . 4 ; tl : burma
ismene nestor zonaras fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 63 ; tl : wetter i .
hasora nestor ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 14 , pl . 6 , f . 17a - b
ceylon , india - assam , burma , s . vietnam , malaya , philippines . see [ maps ]
goniloba sena moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 778 ; tl : bengal
1019x734 ( ~ 77kb ) underside thailand , chantaburi province , khao - khitchakut national park , the krating rivulet valley among the tropical forest above the waterfalls . 6th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
sri lanka , s . india - burma , thailand , laos , hainan , andamans
sikkim - burma , thailand , laos , haina , andamans , s . yunnan . see [ maps ]
ismene amara pindapatra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 62 ; tl : assam
burara amara ; huang & xue , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 57 : 145 ( name )
ismene aphrodite fruhstorfer , 1905 ; soc . ent . 20 ( 18 ) : 141 ; tl : celebes
burara aphrodite ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burma , thailand , laos , vietnam , malay peninsula , singapore , borneo , sumatra , java , palawan , mindanao . see [ maps ]
ismene etelka hewitson , 1867 ; ill . exot . butts [ 5 ] ( ismene i - ii ) : [ 88 ] , pl . [ 44 ] ; tl : sarawak
ismene harisa moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 782 ; tl : bengal
ismene harisa asambha fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : n . vietnam , chieem - hoa
ismene harisa distanti evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 319 ; tl : singapore
ismene imperialis plötz , 1886 ; stettin ent . ztg 47 ( 1 - 3 ) : 115 ; tl : celebes
burara imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis veteratrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
w . ghats , mussoorie - sikkim , assam , burma , n . thailand , vietnam . see [ maps ]
ismene velva evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 318 , no . i . 2 . 9
chaba , assam , burma , indo - china , malay peninsula , sumatra , java , borneo , palawan , philippines , sulawesi . see [ maps ]
ismene oedipodea swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ; tl : java
burara oedipodea ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
larva on hiptage benghalensis [ mrs ] , combretum , hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene excellens hopffer , 1874 ; stettin ent . ztg 35 ( 1 - 3 ) : 39 ; tl : celebes
burara oedipodea excellens ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene oedipodea [ ? ] athena fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : thailand
burara phul ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene septentrionis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 525 , pl . 73 , f . 3 ; tl : china
sri lanka , n . india , malay peninsula , java , borneo , palawan , mindanao , sulawesi , banggai , sula . see [ maps ]
burara tuckeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
larva on hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
unipuncta lee , 1962 ; acta ent . sin . 11 ( 2 ) : 141 , 146
nepal , sikkim , assam , burma , thailand , laos . see [ maps ]
ismene [ ? ] kanara evans , 1926 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 ( 1 ) : 63
ismene fergusonii de nicéville , [ 1893 ] ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 7 ( 3 ) : 345 , pl . j , f . 6 ; tl : s . india
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
a catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the hon . east - india company in horsfield & moore ,
neue hesperiden des indischen archipels und ost - africa ' s aus der collection des herrn h . ribbe in blasewitz - dresden , gesammelt von den herren : c . ribbe auf celebes , java un den aru - inseln , künstler auf malacca ( perak ) ; kühn auf west - guinea ( jekar ) ; menger auf ceylon
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
the agaricales , or euagarics clade , is a monophyletic group of approximately 8500 mushroom species . . . read more
the tree of life web project ( tol ) is a collaborative effort of biologists and nature enthusiasts from around the world . on more than 10 , 000 world wide web pages , the project provides information about biodiversity , the characteristics of different groups of organisms , and their evolutionary history ( phylogeny ) .
each page contains information about a particular group , e . g . , salamanders , segmented worms , phlox flowers , tyrannosaurs , euglenids , heliconius butterflies , club fungi , or the vampire squid . tol pages are linked one to another hierarchically , in the form of the evolutionary tree of life . starting with the root of all life on earth and moving out along diverging branches to individual species , the structure of the tol project thus illustrates the genetic connections between all living things .
the affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree . . . as buds give rise by growth to fresh buds , and these if vigorous , branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch , so by generation i believe it has been with the great tree of life , which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth , and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications .
tree of life design , images , and icons copyright © 1995 - 2005 tree of life web project . all rights reserved . image of rose © 1999 nick kurzenko . image of annelid worm © 2001 greg w . rouse .
ankita gupta , swapnil a . lokhande & abhay soman . 2013 . parasitoids of hesperiidae from peninsular india with description of a new species of dolichogenidea ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) parasitic on caterpillar of borbo cinnara ( wallace ) ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae ) zootaxa 3701 ( 2 ) : 277–290 .
( moore , [ 1866 ] ) – common orange awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
if mentioning specific images please give media code ( s ) . for misidentifications please list reasons to assist in diagnosis .
copyright © 2018 , all rights reserved . national centre for biological sciences ( ncbs ) holds copyright for all the original material and compilations on this website , although contributing writers and photographers may hold copyright for their material as cited . material from this website can be used freely for educational , basic research and conservation purposes , provided that this website is acknowledged and properly cited as the source . contact us to obtain prior permission for any other use , including for large data downloads and collaborative research .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
nakhon nayok : nakhon nayok dist . 1♂ ( photo by t . aoyama ) .
fruhstorfer , h . , 1911 : neue hesperiden des indo - malayischen faunengebietes und besprechung verwandter formen .
encyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
eclosed at home from pupae collected while photographing the caterpillars ( see comments for caterpillar image ) . photographed at release ( background is sky ) .
skipper ( butterfly ) - richmond park , london , england - saturday july 12th 2008 .
yup . . . . as the title says . . . better days . . . it may only be 4 days since the death of my canon eos 400d . . . but it seems like a life time already . . : o ( (
at least i managed to capture a few images before the camera gave up the ghost , so you can expect a few dslr shots to go along side the fuji ones . . . compare and contrast as they say . . . lol . . . : o ) )
i hope your all having a great week . . . : o ) ) )
a skipper is a butterfly of the family hesperiidae ( superfamily hesperioidea ) , named after their quick , darting flight habits .
skippers differ in several important ways from the remaining butterflies , which are classified in the superfamily papilionoidea and the neotropical superfamily hedyloidea . collectively , these three groups of butterflies share several characteristics especially in the egg , larval and pupal stage ( ackery et al . 1999 ) . however , skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet hook , whilst butterflies have club - like tips to their antennae and hedylids have feathered or pectinate antennae giving them an even more moth - like appearance than skippers . skippers also have generally stockier bodies than the other two groups , with stronger wing muscles . hesperioidea is very likely the sister group of papilionoidea , and together with hedyloidea constitute a natural group or clade .
there are about 3500 species of skippers . they are usually classified in the following subfamilies :
note : some authorities treat the giant skippers as a separate family , the megathymidae , but more modern classifications place them within the subfamily hesperiinae in the family hesperiidae .
many species of skippers look frustratingly alike . for example , some species in the genera erynnis , hesperia , and amblyscirtes cannot currently be distinguished in the field by experts , the only reliable method of telling them apart involving dissection and examination of the genitalia .
this is a hesperiid ( skipper ) caterpillar of the subfamily coeliadinae ( awls and awlets ) , hasora sp .
i can comprehend fake eyes and facial features as a defensive mechanism , but why would it resemble a human face , far removed from the head features of any insect ? startling nonetheless .
p1320394 - large cabbage whiteat at devalsari , uttarakhand , himalayas ~ 1800m altitude .
this is the only one species in the burara genus in taiwan , and with its vivid orange color and unique stripes , it ' s easy to identify .
it is distributed throughout the lowlands of the island and there are several broods in a year , so it ' s somewhat easy to meet them .
the male has a black spot in the upperside forewing , but it ' s very difficult to take a dorsal view of this butterfly . i would guess it ' s a male .
i am running low on new subject material due to the longstanding inclement and unpredictable wet weather on top of work commitments , so for the next few days i will do some reposts recognizing the top 30 most ' interesting ' images in my photostream as deemed by flickr ' s magic donkey algorithm ( in reverse order in batches of five to build the suspense ) .
coeliadinae is a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family ( hesperiidae ) and includes the awls and awlets .
the cutest butterfly i have ever photographed . it was a cloudy day and i was stalking a common red eye butterfly , i saw this sitting on the underside of a leaf . to the naked eye , it looked very dull orange . almost left it thinking it was a moth . but just took a photo with flash and bingo ! ! the rest is history . . .
check out this home i found on urltoken . follow urltoken on pinterest : urltoken | awlet | pinterest
the orange awlet is found in india , myanmar , malaysia , java , singapore , hong kong and north vietnam .
in india , the butterfly is found along the himalayas from sikkim to assam and eastwards to south myanmar . it also has been recorded from the andaman islands .
it is considered by william harry evans to be very rare in hong kong , rare in south india , but not rare in the himalayas .
male . upperside dull vinaceous brown , palest on the disk ; forewing with an orange yellow costal streak ; hindwing broadly along anterior margin pale buff yellow . body greyish . cilia of hindwing orange yellow . underside paler suffused with orange yellow ; forewing with a curved series of pale purple narrow streaks between the veins before the apex , and a broad pale buff patch along the posterior margin ; hindwing with the veins and lines between them and cilia orange yellow : a black orange yellow encircled basal spot on both wings ; a discal series of pale purplish streaks . third joint of palpi brown ; palpi beneath , front and sides of thorax , legs and streak alongside of abdomen orange yellow ; middle of thorax and abdomen and anal tuft orange yellow .
a total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the coeliadinae ( family hesperiidae ) , or the awls , awlets and awlkings , as they are commonly called , are found in india . these are relatively large skippers which inhabit dense forests , mostly evergreen , and have dicotyledonous host - plants . the vividly marked , smooth , cylindrical caterpillars construct cells from leaves within which they metamorphose into stout pupae . these skippers tend to synchronise egg - laying followed by migration , sometimes to sub - optimal habitats in search of fresh supplies of host - plants .
the awls and related genera have long , narrow forewings , rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus . the adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings . they have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye . the eyes are large , an adaptation to the crespuscular habits of this species .
this list forms part of the full list of butterflies of india ( hesperiidae ) which itself is part of the complete list of butterflies of india .
the common name similar awlking is that of taxon similis ( vide evans ( 1932 ) ) which is not recognised as a valid species by savela and by tolweb ( ref its page on genus choaspes ) . taxon similis is now considered to be a synonym of taxon xanthopogon .
the species is considered to be furcata by [ lepindex ] , and as furcatus by tolweb . savela gives it as furcatus without appropriate reference for the change . accordingly it is being retained as furcata , with furcatus as redirect , pending the availability of a proper reference .
hasora alexis ( fabricius , 1775 ) is a synonym of h . chromus vide lepindex
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 9 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 10 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
gay , thomas ; kehimkar , isaac david ; punetha , jagdish chandra ( 1992 ) .
. nature guides . bombay , india : world wide fund for nature - india by oxford university press .
watson , e . y . ( 1891 ) hesperiidae indicae . vest and co . madras .
beccaloni , george ; scoble , malcolm ; kitching , ian ; simonsen , thomas ; robinson , gaden ; pitkin , brian ; hine , adrian ; lyal , chris .
brower , andrew v . z . and warren , andrew , ( 2007 ) . coeliadinae evans 1937 . version 21 february 2007 ( temporary ) . urltoken in the tree of life web project , urltoken .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 10 / 19 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
sorry , preview is currently unavailable . you can download the paper by clicking the button above .
enter the email address you signed up with and we ' ll email you a reset link .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
original russian text © a . l . monastyrskii , 2009 , published in entomologicheskoe obozrenie , 2009 , vol . 88 , no . 3 , pp . 553–580 .
arnol’di , k . v . , “on the theory of a distribution range in relation to ecology and origin of populations , ” zool . zh .
averyanov , l . v . , phan ke loc , nguyen tien hiep , and harder , d . k . , “phytogeographic review of vietnam and adjacent areas of eastern indochina , ” komarovia
cotton , a . and rachelli , t . , “preliminary annotated checklist of the papilionidae of laos with notes on taxonomy , phenology , distribution and variation ( lepidoptera , papilionoidea ) , ” fragmenta entomol . roma , no . 38 , 279–378 ( 2007 ) .
eliot , j . n . , “an analysis of the eurasian and australian neptini ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae ) , ” bull . brit . mus . nat . hist . ( entomol . ) suppl .
, ed . by r . hall and j . holloway , ” ( backhuys publ . , leiden , 1998 ) , pp . 99–131 .
hirowatari , t . , “a generic classification of the tribe polyommatini of the oriental and australian regions ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae , polyommatinae ) , ” bull . univ . osaka pref . ser . b suppl .
holloway , j . d . , “a numerical investigation of the biogeography of the butterfly fauna of india and its relation to continental drift , ” biol . j . linn . soc .
holloway , j . d . , “the affinities within four butterfly groups ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) in relation to genera patterns of butterfly distribution in the indo - australian area , ” trans . r . entomol . soc . london
( dr . w . junk publishers , the hague , 1974 ) , pp . 473–499 .
holloway , j . d . and hall , r . , “se asian geology and biogeography : an introduction , ” in
, ed . by r . hall and j . holloway , ” ( backhuys publ . , leiden , 1998 ) , pp . 1–23 .
( masson et cie , paris , 1967 ; progress , moscow , 1976 ) [ in russian ] .
( harvard univ . press , cambridge , 1970 ; mir , moscow , 1974 ) [ in russian ] .
miller , l . d . , “the higher classification , phylogeny and zoogeography of the satyridae ( lepidoptera ) , ” mem . amer . entomol . soc . , no . 24 , 1–174 ( 1968 ) .
( geos , moscow — hanoi , 2003 ) , pp . 188–218 [ in russian ] .
monastyrskii , a . l . , “fauna , ecology and biogeography of butterflies in vietnam , ” butterflies , no . 44 , 41–55 ( 2006 ) .
monastyrskii , a . l . , “ecological and biogeographical characteristics of butterflies ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) of vietnam , ” entomol . obozr .
monastyrskii , a . l . and devyatkin , a . l . , “new taxa and new records of butterflies from vietnam ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) , ” atalanta
monastyrskii , a . l . and kotlobai , a . a . , “some biological characteristics and laboratory rearing of
osada , s . , uemura , y . , and uehara , j . ,
, ed . by y . nishiyama ( mokuyo - sha , 1999 ) .
( cambridge univ . press , london , 1952 ; inostr . liter . , moscow , 1961 ) [ in russian ] .
( akad . nauk sssr , moscow , 1962 ) [ in russian ] .
( len . gos . univ . , leningrad , 1965 ) [ in russian ] .
vane - wright , r . i . and boppre , m . , “adult morphology and higher classification of
voris , h . k . , “maps of pleistocene sea levels in southeast asia : shorelines , river systems and time durations , ” j . biogeogr .
yamaguchi , s . and aoki , t . , “studies on the butterflies of the semi - dried tropical forest in east thailand iii . butterflies collected during the survey in the provinces of mukdahan and ubon ratchathani , august and september 1999 ( insecta : lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) , ” evol . sci . , no . 11 , 41–59 ( 2005 ) .
( nauka , leningrad , 1970 ) , pp . 29–88 [ in russian ] .
a total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the subfamily coeliadinae ( family hesperiidae ) , or the awls , awlets and awlkings , as they are commonly called , are found in india . these are relatively large skippers which inhabit dense forests , mostly evergreen , and have dicotyledonous host plants . the vividly marked , smooth , cylindrical caterpillars construct cells from leaves within which they metamorphose into stout pupae . these skippers tend to synchronise egg - laying followed by migration , sometimes to sub - optimal habitats in search of fresh supplies of host plants .
the awls and related genera have long , narrow forewings , rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus . the adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings . they have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye . the eyes are large , an adaptation to the crepuscular habits of this species .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
badamia exclamationis
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved april 20 , 2018 .
haribal , meena ( 1992 ) . the butterflies of sikkim himalaya and their natural history . gangtok , sikkim , india : sikkim nature conservation foundation .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes benjaminii
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes plateni
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes xanthopogon
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
the common name similar awlking is that of taxon similis ( vide evans ( 1932 ) ) which is not recognised as a valid species by savela and by tolweb ( ref its page on genus choaspes ) . taxon similis is now considered to be a synonym of taxon xanthopogon .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes hemixanthus ssp . furcata
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . accessed 12 october 2007 .
the species is considered to be furcata by lepindex , and as furcatus by tolweb . savela gives it as furcatus without appropriate reference for the change . accordingly it is being retained as furcata , with furcatus as redirect , pending the availability of a proper reference .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora anura
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
hasora alexis ( fabricius , 1775 ) is a synonym of h . chromus vide beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora chromus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora chromus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora taminatus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora schoenherr
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora badra
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora vitta
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora khoda
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora leucospila
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora salanga
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 2 october 2007 .
evans , w . h . ( 1932 ) . the identification of indian butterflies ( 2nd ed . ) . mumbai , india : bombay natural history society .
gay , thomas ; kehimkar , isaac david ; punetha , jagdish chandra ( 1992 ) . common butterflies of india . nature guides . bombay , india : world wide fund for nature - india by oxford university press . isbn 978 - 0195631647 .
kunte , krushnamegh ( 2000 ) . butterflies of peninsular india . india , a lifescape . hyderabad , india : universities press . isbn 978 - 8173713545 .
wynter - blyth , mark alexander ( 1957 ) . butterflies of the indian region . bombay , india : bombay natural history society . isbn 978 - 8170192329 .
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
the source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .
would you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .
it will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .
i use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .
of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .
the orange awlet is found in india , myanmar , malaysia , java , singapore , hong kong and north vietnam . [ 2 ]
in india , the butterfly is found along the himalayas from sikkim to assam and eastwards to south myanmar . it also has been recorded from the andaman islands . [ 2 ] [ 4 ]
it is considered by william harry evans to be very rare in hong kong , rare in south india , but not rare in the himalayas . [ 4 ]
. upperside dark purple brown ; the base of wings greyish , with steel blue gloss . body greyish . cilia of hindwing pale orange yellow . underside as in male ; posterior margin of forewing with a less defined pale patch .
the larva has been recorded on zingiber zerumbet ( zingiberaceae ) . [ 2 ]
brower , andrew v . z . and warren , andrew , ( 2007 ) . coeliadinae evans 1937 . version 21 february 2007 ( temporary ) . urltoken in the tree of life web project , urltoken
basis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .


the marquesan kingfisher ( todiramphus godeffroyi ) is a species of bird in the family alcedinidae .

it is endemic to french polynesia .

it is threatened by habitat loss and predation by introduced species , and is currently classified as critically endangered , with less than 500 individuals left in the wild .

marquesan kingfisher

marquesan kingfisher ( todiramphus godeffroyi ) is a species of bird in the alcedinidae family .
survival , territory resources , and population persistence in the critically endangered tuamotu kingfisher .
adamson , a . m . 1936 . marquesan insects : environment . bernice p . bishop museum bulletin 139 : 1 - 73 .
rolett , b . v . 1993 . marquesan prehistory and the origins of east polynesian culture . jounral de la societe des oceanisttes 96 : 29 - 47 .
the marquesan kingfisher ( todiramphus godeffroyi ) , one of the most endangered kingfishers , faces a different suite of threats . once found on a handful of islands in the marquesas chain , the species is now limited to only one , tahuata . the bird’s decline has been attributed to habitat degradation…
this article is part of project alcedinidae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each kingfisher , including made - up species .
this article is part of project halcyoninae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each tree kingfisher , including made - up species .
i did two internships back in french polynesia , with the ornithological society of french polynesia ( sop manu ) . my first three - month internship was working on a conservation project funded by the clp ( conservation leadership program ) . the project’s goal was to update the population number of the endangered species marquesan kingfisher ( only population on tahuata island , marquesas archipelago )
the rufous - collared kingfisher is categorised as near - threatened due to the rapid loss of its rainforest habitat . a number of species are considered threatened by human activities and are in danger of extinction . the majority of these are forest species with limited distribution , particularly insular species . they are threatened by habitat loss caused by forest clearance or degradation and in some cases by introduced species . the marquesan kingfisher of french polynesia is listed as critically endangered due to a combination of habitat loss and degradation caused by introduced cattle , and possibly due to predation by introduced species .
i studied factors influencing territory configuration in the tuamotu kingfisher ( todiramphus gambieri ) . radiotelemetry data were used to define territory boundaries , and i tested for effects on territory size and shape of landscape habitat composition and foraging patch configuration . tuamotu kingfisher territories were larger in areas with reduced densities of coconut plantation foraging . . . [ show full abstract ]
. . . future research should analyze habitat preferences of mo ' orean kingfishers in greater detail . closely related kingfisher species have been seen habituating coconut trees in managed and unmanaged coconut farms ( coulombe , kesler & gouni , 2011 ) . studies of the mo ' orean kingfisher should be conducted in coconut farms to support or refute this idea . . . .
wagner , w . l . 1991 . evolution of waif floras : a comparison of the hawaiian and marquesan archipelagos . pages 267 - 284 in e . dudley , editor . the unity of evolutionary biology . the proceedings of the 4th international congress of systematics and evolutionary biology . dioscorides press , portland , oregon .
22 cm . distinctive kingfisher with buff triangle on upper back . totally white crown , forehead , mantle and centre of upper back . blue eye - stripe ending as broken line behind head . white underparts . blue - green lower back , rump , tail and wings .
a wide range of threats affect populations of pacific island birds and conservationists have been challenged to identify factors upon which to focus management . the tuamotu kingfisher ( todiramphus gambieri ) is one of the most endangered vertebrate species in the world , yet little has been published about basic biology or causes of the population decline . we used 4 years of mark - resight and . . . [ show full abstract ]
woodall , p . f . , sharpe , c . j . & de juana , e . ( 2018 ) . marquesas kingfisher ( todiramphus godeffroyi ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 10 july 2018 ) .
. . . there was a notable gap in occupancy in a large agricultural area on the lagoon side of the western - central section of niau ( 16° 08′ 34 . 26″ s , 146° 23′ 28 . 68″ w ) . active and mixed fallow coconut agriculture , wetlands , and feo forests characterized the gap region . agricultural coconut groves are open , and similar to those described previously as suitable habitat for the tuamotu kingfisher ( see coulombe et al . 2011 ) . although it was not clear why the birds did not occur in the release location , disturbances for airport construction is likely cause of extirpation . . . .
. . . point - transect surveys were conducted annually from 2006 through 2009 at stations spaced by approximately 300 m along the island ' s ocean and lagoon coasts . results showed regular kingfisher occurrence around the eastern half of the island , with occasional detections along the western oceanic coast ( coulombe et al . 2011 ) . there was a notable gap in occupancy in a large agricultural area on the lagoon side of the western - central section of niau ( 16° 08′ 34 . 26″ s , 146° 23′ 28 . 68″ w ) . active and mixed fallow coconut agriculture , wetlands , and feo forests characterized the gap region . . . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
critically endangered b1ab ( i , ii , iii , iv , v ) ver 3 . 1
derhé , m . , mahood , s . , o ' brien , a . , shutes , s . , stattersfield , a . , symes , a . , ashpole , j , north , a .
this species is listed as critically endangered as , following its extinction on hiva oa , it is now found on only a single small island on which it is suspected to be declining owing to habitat deterioration and predation .
and was last seen in february 1997 in the atuona valley . searches in 2001 , 2004 and 2006 failed to find the species and it is considered extinct on the island ( j . - c . thibault
ghestemme and timau ( 2014 ) estimated the population to be approximately 350 mature individuals .
2012 ] ) may have contributed to the decline ( gouni and zysman 2007 ) . on tahuata , black rats , polynesian rats
2012 , ghestemme and timau 2014 ) . mynas are currently absent on the island and local inhabitants are aware of the risk of their introduction to tahuata island ( withers
2012 ) , and 2013 - 2014 ( ghestemme and timau 2014 ) investigating the distribution , species ' s behaviour and nesting and territory requirements . public awareness - raising was implemented with positive results , as inhabitants were previously unaware of the species ' s endemic status .
regularly resurvey the species to determine trends . investigate threats , including feral cat impact and species distribution knowledge . work with local stakeholders to protect remaining forest and retain dead trees in plantations , especially in coconut plantations . take all measures possible to ensure that
does not colonise tahutua . exclude livestock from the remaining intact forest . consider the possibility of translocation to a nearby island . produce a species recovery plan and develop captive breeding populations .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
traditionally thought to form a species - group with several other australasian and polynesian species ( see t . sanctus ) . monotypic .
hiva oa and tahuata ( probably extinct in the former ) # r , in marquesas is ; reports from other islands in marquesas ( ua pou , mohotani and fatu hiva ) are apparently erroneous .
21 cm . both sexes white crown , neck and underparts , dark mask through eye continuing as blue - black stripe and as thin band across nape ; upper mantle with characteristic buffy . . .
short , deep , repeated “kiau” , which can accelerate into chatter ; also soft “treeet - tee - tee” .
primary forest , preferring dense humid forest along mountain streams and in remote valleys ; . . .
insects , mainly beetles ( coleoptera ) and large grasshoppers ( orthoptera ) , and small lizards ; possibly some fish . takes prey in the foliage . . .
lays in sept–jan on hiva oa . nest found in hole of old mango tree , another in hollow with 2 entrances dug into decayed screw - pine ( . . .
critically endangered . restricted - range species : present in marquesas islands eba . population in 1970s 300–500 pairs on tahuata and under 50 pairs on hiva oa . on latter . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : todiramphus godeffroyi . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
the treeet - tee - tee call described in pratt , et al . listen for it at 30 to 31 sec . sadly , a very rare bird now . confined to tahuata . seen in coconut plantation understory .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
2012 ) . it formerly occurred on hiva oa , where there were fewer than 50 pairs in 1971 and 1973 ; it was exceedingly rare on the island in 1990 ( seitre and seitre 1991 ) and was last seen in february 1997 in the atuona valley . searches in 2001 , 2004 and 2006 failed to find the species and it is considered extinct on the island ( j . - c . thibault
2009 ) . records from fatu hiva , mohotani and ua pou are apparently erroneous ( holyoak and thibault 1984 , thibault 1988 ) .
kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name
marquesasinkalastaja
from
todiramphus godeffroyi ( finsch , 1877 )
as trusted .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
this is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 301 , 298 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
this article is part of project aves , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird , including made - up species .
this article is part of project coraciiformes , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each coraciiform , including made - up species .
can ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .
many of the flight - inclusive holidays on this website are financially protected by the atol scheme . but atol protection does not apply to all holiday and travel services listed on this website . please ask us to confirm what protection may apply to your booking . if you do not receive an atol certificate then the booking will not be atol protected . if you do receive an atol certificate but all the parts of your trip are not listed on it , those parts will not be atol protected . please see our booking conditions for information , or for more for more information about financial protection and the atol certificate go to : urltoken certificate
birdquest ltd is registered in england , company no . 01568270 . the address of our registered office is two jays , kemple end , stonyhurst , clitheroe , lancashire bb7 9qy
like the hawaiian islands , the tropical marquesas islands are extremely isolated and all flora and fauna present are the result of long - distance colonization and in situ evolution for thousands to millions of years . forty - two percent of the 320 native vascular plants are endemic . the terrestrial snail community is quite diverse , with at least 78 species represented . ten endemic birds occur here . unfortunately , this biodiversity has been exposed to almost two millennia of human disturbance . several species have gone extinct in known history and much of the flora and fauna is critically endangered .
the protection and management of upper - elevation forests on ua pou , nuku hiva , fatu hika , ua huku , and fatu hiva islands would serve to protect large numbers of endemic plant species and the unique communities they form ( dahl 1980 , montgomery et al . 1980 , thibault 1988 , seitre & seitre 1992 , florence & lorence 1997 ) .
justification of ecoregion delineation this ecoregion consists of the relatively discrete marquesas islands group . allison treats the cooks , societies , tuamotus , and marquesas as a unit herpetologically as they share a similar reptile assemblage . van balgooy ( 1996 ) similarly lumps the cooks , niue , societies , tuamotus , tubaui , and marquesas based on floristic affinities . however , birdlife international ( stattersfield et al . 1998 ) separates the marquesas from surrounding island groups due to the presence of 10 endemic bird species , and based on this consideration we have delineated the marquesas as a separate ecoregion .
references adamson , a . m . 1935 . affinities and origins of the fauna of the marquesas islands . phd dissertation university of california , berkeley . 205 pp .
brown , f . b . h . 1931 . flora of southeastern polynesia . i . monocotyledons . bernice p . bishop museum bulletin 84 : 1 - 194 .
brown , f . b . h . 1935 . flora of southeastern polynesia . iii . dicotyledons . bernice p . bishop museum bulletin 130 : 1 - 386 .
dahl , a . l . 1980 . regional ecosystems survey of the south pacific area . south pacific commission , noumea , new caledonia .
dekker , b . g . 1992 . secondary plant cover on upland slopes : marquesas islands , french polynesia . atoll research bulletin 363 : 1 - 36 .
florence , j . and d . h . lorence . 1997 introduction to the flora and vegetation of the marquesas islands . allertonia 7 : 226 - 237 .
kuehler , c . , a . lieberman , a . varney , p . unitt , r . m . sulpice , j . azua , and b . tehevini . 1997 . translocation of ultramarine lories , vini ultramarina , in the marquesas islands : ua huka to fatu hiva . bird conservation international 7 : 69 - 79 .
montgomery , s . l . , w . c . gagne , and b . h . gagne . 1980 . notes on birdlife and nature conservation in the marquesas and society islands . ‘elepaio 40 : 152 - 156 .
mueller - dombois , d . and f . r . fosberg . 1998 . vegetation of the tropical pacific islands . springer press , new york .
seitre , r . and j . seitre . 1992 . causes of land - bird extinctions in french polynesia . oryx 26 : 215 - 222 .
stattersfield , a . j . , m . j . crosby , a . j . long , and d . c . wege . 1998 . endemic bird areas of the world : priorities for biodiversity conservation . birdlife conservation series no . 7 , birdlife international , cambridge , uk . 846 pp .
steadman , d . w . 1995 . prehistoric extinctions of pacific island birds : biodiversity meets zooarchaeology . science 267 : 1123 - 1130 .
steadman , d . w . and b . rolett . 1996 . a chronostratigraphic analysis of landbird extinction on tahuata , marquesas islands . journal of archaeological science 23 : 81 - 94 .
thibualt , j . - c . 1988 . menacés et conservation des oiseaux de polynésie française . pages 87 - 124 in j . - c . thibualt and i . guyot , eds . livre rouge des oiseaux menacés des régions françaises d’outre - mer . conseil internatioal pur la protection des oiseaux ( monograph 5 ) , saint - cloud .
van balgooy , p . h . hovenkamp , and p . c . van welzen . 1996 . phytogeography of the pacific – floristic and historical distribution patterns in plants . pages 191 - 213 in keast , a . and s . e . miller , editors . the origin and evolution of pacific island biotas , new guinea to eastern polynesia : patterns and processes . spb academic publishing , amsterdam .
wwf and iucn . 1995 . centres of plant diversity . a guide and strategy for their conservation . vol . 2 . asia , australasia and the pacific . iucn publication unit , cambridge , uk .
world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037
locally called
pahi
. this is one of the world ' s rarest kingfishers . currently assessed as critically endangered due to its sole distribution on only one single island and it is already extinct on the other .
although not so extremely rare on its now sole surviving home - tahuata island , it is still not easy to locate them reliably unless an active nest is located . we were lucky to locate a pair and a dependent juvenile at an uninhabited beach .
i later found out that this is a parent perching on its favourite vantage point for catching prey on the ground , which it flew to feed its young nearby .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
les effets de la modification anthropique de l ' habitat sont évidents sur les îles tropicales du pacifique où les forêts ont été extensivement converties en plantations de cocos nucifera . nous avons évalué la sélection des ressources chez todiramphus gambieri gertrudae , une espèce en danger critique d ' extinction limitée à une seule population sur l ' île à basse altitude de niau atoll , en polynésie française . nos analyses indiquent que les ressources associées à la quête de nourriture sont à la base de l ' utilisation de l ' espace et de la sélection de l ' habitat par cette espèce à plusieurs échelles spatiales . à l ' échelle de l ' île , les caractéristiques de l ' habitat associées à des opportunités d ' alimentation , telles que les plantations de cocotiers avec un sous - étage ouvert , des perchoirs de chasse et un sol exposé , sont les facteurs qui permettent le mieux de prédire la présence de l ' espèce . à l ' inverse , la répartition de l ' espèce était négativement associée à une végétation non perturbée , telle que les forêts primaires et les plantations de cocotiers en jachère . à l ' échelle du domaine vital , la répartition des individus munis d ' émetteurs a également indiqué que les oiseaux ont sélectionné les forêts agricoles de cocotiers et ont moins préféré les forêts primaires . les observations ont de plus indiqué que les oiseaux en quête alimentaire ont sélectionné les plantations de cocotiers gérées à l ' aide du brûlage dirigé pour la chasse . t . gambieri gertrudae constitue un exemple rare d ' une espèce tropicale menacée susceptible de bénéficier de la gestion agricole . nos résultats soutiennent les stratégies de conservation basées sur l ' établissement de populations de sauvetage sur d ' autres îles possédant des plantations de cocotiers . nous suggérons que le fait d ' incorporer les forêts agricoles de cocotiers dans la planification de la conservation peut aider à prévenir l ' extinction de plusieurs espèces de martins - pêcheurs qui dépendaient par ie passé des habitats naturels de feuillus qui sont désormais pratiquement absents des îles d ' océanie , dans le pacifique .
l , adapted with permission from butaud ( 2007 ) . locations and results of tu
e ar ea wa s act ively used to pro duce c oconu ts .
is akaike weight ( i . e . , model probability given the set of
25 , 25 , and 75 m ( e . g . , unﬁlled points ) ; ground cover bet
 .   ( m a na g ed c oc o nu t f o re s t ) –  .   ( m ea n
t t o  % in man ag ed c oco nut for es t . p ar am
lo ca tio ns ( fi g .  ) f rom vi sua l o bs er vat io ns (  % ) , tr ia ng ul at ion (  % ;
, e d . ) . pa peet e , fre nch po lyne sia .
ar e ac ute ly s usc ept ibl e to glo ba l ch ang e . b iod ive rsi ty a nd c on ser
rces ( m . l . reaka - kudla , d . e . wi
. . . common myna removal projects may prove to be more effective if conducted in agricultural areas as well as forests , based on our findings that common mynas were less frequently detected in forests . there is very little information about the habitat requirements , calling activity , and natural history of native avifauna in french polynesia ( coulombe , kesler & gouni , 2011 ) . mo ' orean kingfishers were shown in this study to have low call counts , low detection probability , and a negative correlation with non - native calling activity in all of the habitats studied . . . .
. . . not all avian species will decline with human disturbance , and some may even benefit from resource subsidies and increases in open and edge habitats , including those within anthropogenic areas ( werner , hejl & brush , 2007 ; kamp et al . , 2009 ; coulombe , kesler & gouni , 2011 ) . the bahama oriole uses anthropogenic areas during the breeding season , where it selects nest sites in the tallest available palm trees ( price , lee & hayes , 2011 ) . . . .
. . . synanthropic species , which cohabit with humans and benefit from resources and modifications that exist in anthropogenic landscapes , present unique challenges for conservation management . today , at least 14 highly endangered birds are recognized as synanthropic , including the bahama oriole ( coulombe , kesler & gouni , 2011 ; price , lee & hayes , 2011 ; wright , lake & dolman , 2012 ) . the extent to which synanthropy affects gene flow among populations remains unclear , but rapid cultural and evolutionary changes may be associated with landscape modification ( johnston , 2001 ; boardman , 2006 ; jiménez et al . , 2013 ) . . . .
. . . we removed locations with an estimated error ellipse greater than 2 ha in size to reduce the potential effects of inaccurate locations ( e . g . kesler & haig , 2007 ; coulombe , kesler & gouni , 2011 ) . together , excluded bearing groups represented less than 5 % of the total dataset . . . .
. . . the climate was tropical oceanic without pronounced seasons ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) . we conducted our research during 2006– 2010 on 2 study areas situated on the east side of the island , 1 on the ocean coast and 1 near the lagoon ( coulombe et al . 2011 ) . coconut plantations on the 2 study areas were managed by farmers using hand tools and prescribed burns to clear understory vegetation . . . .
. . . we estimated both apparent survival ð ^ fþ and the probability of resight ð ^ pþ to account for individuals that might have been present on study areas but were missed when resighting color bands ( lebreton et al . 1992 , anders and marshall 2005 ) . we incorporated island and territory resource metrics into the analysis of adult survival ( f ahy ) using previously published results of resource use , wherein we defined home range area ( ha ) by the 95 % isopleth constructed with a kernel density analysis of radio - marked individuals ( coulombe et al . 2011 ) . we intersected home range polygons with vegetation cover maps for niau ( butaud 2007 ) to identify the area of each habitat within home ranges , including atoll forest , mixed coconut and atoll forest , agricultural coconut plantation , littoral zone , urbanized , and wetland . . . .
. . . we used a mean of 0 . 95 ( sd 0 . 02 ) for f , a mean of 1 . 7 ( sd 0 . 15 ) for n , and a mean of 0 . 534 ( sd 0 . 105 ) for f nestling . we selected simulation input values for effects of territory size on adult female survival from a normally distributed set of values centered on the mean home range size of birds used in our survival analysis ( 4 . 2 ha , sd 0 . 1 ; coulombe et al . 2011 ) . we simulated 1 , 000 value combinations for matrix variables and derived l i for each . . . .
. . . the climate was tropical oceanic without pronounced seasons ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) . we conducted our research during 20062010 on 2 study areas situated on the east side of the island , 1 on the ocean coast and 1 near the lagoon ( coulombe et al . 2011 ) . coconut plantations on the 2 study areas were managed by farmers using hand tools and prescribed burns to clear understory vegetation . . . .
. . . we estimated both apparent survival ð ^ fþ and the probability of resight ð ^ pþ to account for individuals that might have been present on study areas but were missed when resighting color bands ( lebreton et al . 1992 , anders andmarshall 2005 ) . we incorporated island and territory resource metrics into the analysis of adult survival ( f ahy ) using previously published results of resource use , wherein we defined home range area ( ha ) by the 95 % isopleth constructed with a kernel density analysis of radio - marked individuals ( coulombe et al . 2011 ) . we intersected home range polygons with vegetation cover maps for niau ( butaud 2007 ) to identify the area of each habitat within home ranges , including atoll forest , mixed coconut and atoll forest , agricultural coconut plantation , littoral zone , urbanized , and wetland . . . .
. . . we used a mean of 0 . 95 ( sd 0 . 02 ) for f , a mean of 1 . 7 ( sd 0 . 15 ) for n , and a mean of 0 . 534 ( sd 0 . 105 ) for f nestling . we selected simulation input values for effects of territory size on adult female survival from a normally distributed set of values centered on the mean home range size of birds used in our survival analysis ( 4 . 2 ha , sd 0 . 1 ; coulombe et al . 2011 ) . . . .
. . . the climate is tropical oceanic without pronounced seasons ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) . from 2006 to 2010 donor population research ( coulombe 2010 , coulombe et al . 2011 ) was conducted primarily on two study areas situated on the east side of the island : one on the ocean coast and one near the lagoon . coconut forests on the two study areas are managed by the farmers using hand tools and prescribed burns to clear understory vegetation . . . .
survival , territory resources , and population persistence in the critically endangered tuamotu kingf . . .
translocation of tuamotu kingfishers , postrelease exploratory behavior , and harvest effects on the d . . .
conservationists previously described the need for research into using translocation to rescue threatened populations . we conducted an experimental translocation of tuamotu kingfishers ( todiramphus gambieri gertrudae ) to pro - vide foundational information about movement ecology and inform conserva - tion planning for the critically endangered bird . we captured and radio - marked mated pairs of . . . [ show full abstract ]
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
> stream hu ] o¢p } ÷wì # 7y® ^ ¾¤ipµ´ fà¡ùn6ôbëjtÿýþáj± { i» > ¨0ü9gfî æq¯¿ ~ èú ¤gp²däòrì¹ðëçññºç # °lúä = hü«çc | æ -  & a ; ªt¿ + k c ' kcäntå } ¢êê | & àì < ª ) ç % ¦âc
®p¢8qme >  _ qòü0wéãøw  ûcï < äm9æü # cñõ # ¾þ§mzáðtv¨ ! n 5ç4 | 6  ? ºâ ¾dwj
úèm4õe·iæhî _ bin¸¸jd¦xþ ç > e½ ? máð¨n ïß¢k qnc§qèçht öúüù rü / ' jê5£jò45ê6mâ ' ñ¦¬îqh5¼th * ®³íïe ®¶ % þ ê±tfqkû5i & éjwl÷ ¦ [ ®qfçà´j vé¢õsyø _  : êp£õfå | úf²éÿ ` ¬°ªñnþàí¡ \ ch ] jå® aeågü²ø = r§¤« ¶mp { ôù¬ü ^ tfÿ«¨é ) ³gjãv0 ; jè°mùßà
°¿û < - ` ² ] / öyq ù ` guù ëxsý8øõqîe´ì ~ ïòéð¡ m¯ë  / { l8ey·º | ë ? gk ¦¶yñ * oxlvâueïµ¡óï7u¬öý§í9íoqùnáxç ~ íæýþuê7jµlêîleêuïc @ á ' á < óþe ] kg¿sh¯¢àít8o°¬ .  ) wßð ? 7ÿv / y # = 4¼£ëwï´¨qö ë $ ¸ ·eàïôäãþ _ ¼iq endstream endobj 1589 0 obj <
´ < cé´l°n³vyï¨êÿ ï´b6ì¾ë ^ ëg£ôqo - ^ óµzæsf } µ m³¶g ; ©óîitð # ³½½þ | # ³ ! y¾ ^ ú _ ìz9 _ qöqìòe ( fí \ §ìú¹60óyf # ³ | £ôxþèìbvz1 { ¡ù ÷å¬ _ êpå , ®l ` à xn1ëx ) ð # p <  fõtn ` ¦×æô3«» ` ¹â :  ~ ª
¹¾ & k ; ßªï * 5k¬ ´ª æq«ruùþñwtmûcüqþsßæþp ? ÷£ ? óãú / ¾q 9×÷ø | ¹oämõ $ ßï© < ñ7òüûõcª ? ðuø + / ¦ú¦øªë« ½ þ þiþ¥õûªã¼ïyûª«tooo§§» ' ãó¼§§ ' ýìqyzx¢ = hþ2ýæ5ó²y¡ ~ ¹çüan7·¨ùns¹æìnv5 _ 4lé4  } û | ¼cgx·«æãkøl ^ üý [ òuê v6ì¨íbôw * ¦«¾©øôv¼ºªe ¯r¾rrpg ( (  , å¿û - t¤tñ _ ìkâ®¿þ4ºáðö¡ * ¿ý½ { ãrölùïªñõ : áéuî = é { ; ßíj÷þ ? ög4îë 9ðà
è q ! yp¨ðx ` . , åê4¨ ¸wa2ádðàmëá [ ¥í÷ôz ìuð  @ > tê = öâ ~ 8 ¡áu gátájø3üijùáqø \  ? | cà -  oã0xjxþª \ ùßà } êü²áøfâg°àh90nàmø x cðv @ ga1îæ¨z $ ä ( çà \ ó± `  e©lðb \ à ! . æ % ¸ë° ár \  + q®æ5¸×ázüànäi¸7áfüa >  [ ±b8f ` $ øà
as her career takes flight , master of science graduate tehani withers still remains grounded . currently employed as a project manager for sop manu / birdlife international , she tells us about her deep connection to waikato university and the benefits of studying her bsc tech degree in nz , a home away from home .
what made you decide waikato ? mainly because of the bsc tech degree , which had a specialisation in restoration ecology and an internship component . at that time , the upf ( université de polynésie francaise ) did not have many options in biology studies . another motivator was that my parents attended waikato previously , along with other family members and friends , so i was not completely alone when i moved to nz .
tell us about growing up i grew up in tahiti ( french polynesia ) . my parents moved there after working a couple of years in singapore , where i was born , to be closer to my father’s family . they actually met at waikato university where they completed their masters’ degrees . they found jobs pretty quickly back in singapore , my mother as a biology teacher and my father as a french teacher in the alliance française . we then moved to tahiti where my little sister was born . she got leukaemia when she was around 5 years old and as there were no hospitals to treat cancer in tahiti , we had to live part - time in auckland at the ronald mcdonald house . when she got better , we moved back to tahiti and after completing high school in tahiti , i decided to move to nz to complete my tertiary studies ; at the same university as my parents .
the sop manu took me back for another internship , to work on the tahiti fly - catcher ( critically endangered bird species : 50 individuals ) . i monitored nests and population , and i worked on monitoring the number of invasive introduced birds and conducted a survey on a little fire ant colony next to the tahiti fly - catcher habitat .
finally , for the department of conservation ( on motutapu island , hauraki gulf ) and the meit ( maungatautari ecological island trust ) , i conducted a research on another nz endangered species , the takahe . my thesis title : foraging behaviours of translocated takahē ( porphyrio hochstetteri ) at two contrasting sites , new zealand .
were you involved in any extra - curricular activities / clubs etc ? i lived in college hall during my 3 year bsc tech degree and i used to participate in all pacific cultural nights by performing tahitian dance shows . i tried to start a club to teach students tahitian dance , but became too busy during my third year . i was also a student ambassador during 2014 , which was quite a nice casual job to do while in university .
did you have any outstanding mentors / lecturers during your time here ? any particular papers / courses you enjoyed ? the college hall staff were the best support i could have while i was studying . it was very hard to be away from my family and tahiti at first , and they really helped me get used to nz cultural differences . teachers were mostly understanding of my problems with writing in english , since french was my first language .
during my masters , i was lucky to be supervised by dr . chrissen gemmill , mr . john innes ( landcare research ) and dr . steven miller ( statistics department ) . many other waikato staff in the research department really guided me too and really inspired me to work in ecology : dr bruce clarkson , dr daniel laughlin , dr mike clearwater , kiri cutting , rebecca bylsma , catherine kirby , toni cornes , etc . they are the best at what they do and the most enthusiastic people i have met .
finishing my 6 yearlong studies ! while i was searching for a job , i was also very happy to work on different projects ( with doc , bream head trust , project tongariro trust , etc . ) . i was very lucky to meet new people & travel across nz while participating in different conservation projects . i felt that completing a few weeks at a time of volunteer work was very meaningful ( and also helped my professional career ) .
my biggest achievement right now is to have been recruited as a project manager for sop manu / birdlife international . although i am qualified , this job required many years of experience , and i was very lucky to have been chosen .
outside of your career , what do you enjoy doing ? since i came back to tahiti , i’ve gone back to tahitian dance , and managed to participate in two dance shows , which was great . i also enjoy running when i can , and hiking .
what do you see yourself doing over the next five years ? life is full of endless possibilities . the conservation projects that i am working now will take at least 5 years to be completed . for now , this job is being funded for 2 years . if they are funded again i might renew my contract and i could then continue as a manager for a different conservation project , or find a steadier job in a private or government firm . i might also try to become a private consultant for different conservation projects across the pacific . i may eventually come back to nz , as there is not much future in conservation here in french polynesia ( ideology of conservation / preserving the environment is still a work in progress ) . i might try to get back into research and obtain a doctorate degree .
nb : your browser has javascript disabled or does not support javascript . elements of this website require javascript , and will not function unless you enable it or use another browser with javascript support .
this site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .
there are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :
you have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .
your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .
your browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .
the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .
you have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .
this site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .
this site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .
in general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en
evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species . the list is based on scientific assessment of an organism ' s status by experts .
copyright rhett butler 1994 - 2015 carbon dioxide ( co2 ) emissions generated from urltoken operations ( server , data transfer , travel ) are mitigated through an association with anthrotect , an organization working with afro - indigenous and embera communities to protect forests in colombia ' s darien region . anthrotect is protecting the habitat of mongabay ' s mascot : the scale - crested pygmy tyrant .
rainforest
is used interchangeably with
rain forest
on this site .
jungle
is generally not used .