smith 's bush squirrel , the yellow-footed squirrel , or the tree squirrel in south africa , paraxerus cepapi , is an african bush squirrel found in angola , botswana , the democratic republic of the congo , malawi , mozambique , namibia , south africa , tanzania , zambia , and zimbabwe .

it is a common rodent which is diurnal by nature .

smith ' s bush squirrel

smith ' s bush squirrels will store their food at the bases of trees .
viljoen , s . 1977 . behaviour of the bush squirrel , paraxerus cepapi cepapi ( a . smith , 1836 ) .
smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) , warming - up in the morning sun , south africa , krueger np , aug 04 .
the smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) is the 159th species in my mammals of the world series . all media is educational fair use .
viljoen , s . 1977 . factors affecting breeding synchronization in an african bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi cepapi ) .
smith ' s bush squirrels mark areas . 3 to 1 . 26 ha in size by mouth wiping , urinating , and anal dragging .
there have been squirrels on the african continent for around 20 million years . the african bush squirrel is a genus of squirrels that consist of 11 species of which the smith’s bush squirrel is one . smith’s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) , otherwise known as the yellow - footed squirrel or in south africa simply as the tree squirrel is found in central africa , eastern africa and the northern regions of southern africa . this species lives in savannah woodland areas , favouring trees with suitable nesting holes . tree squirrels are often seen in the protected bushveld areas of sabi sabi and the surrounding reserves .
smith ' s bush squirrel is mostly arboreal , and diurnal , or active primarily during the daytime . the diet is mostly made up of seeds , but it sometimes will eat insects as well .
there is very little information on the reproduction and mating systems in striped bush squirrels . however , in a related species , smith ' s bush squirrels ( paraxerus cepapi ) , there is more information .
. his quarterbacks have been matt cassel and alex smith . he ' s lucky if a healthy
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john koprowski handles a smith’s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) in africa . koprowski and collaborators hope to learn how squirrels influence regeneration of forests where elephants have caused damage in africa . image credit : mike stokes
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will narrow its eyes at a submissive squirrel . in which case , the submissive squirrel will run away .
the smith ' s bush squirrel is listed as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
smith’s bush squirrel may well be the most common mammal in the okavango . this small rodent is territorial and prefers mature mopane and other broad - leafed woodlands . preyed upon mostly by raptors , mambas and small python .
the indian giant squirrel , also called the malabar giant squirrel , has its name for a very good reason : this is the largest tree squirrel sp . . .
the tiny little tree squirrel is a common inhabitant of south africa ' s kruger national park .
welcome to the 24 th edition of shakati’s bush facts . in this edition we will be focusing on the greater kudu . these are the majestic warriors of the bush , and have the ability to melt away into the bush .
, the striped bush squirrel , is found throughout southern kenya , the united republic of tanzania , malawi , and northern mozambique .
( smith ' s bush squirrel ) is found in eastern , central , and southern africa including southern angola , northern namibia , southeastern democratic republic of the congo , western tanzania , malawi , botswana , zimbabwe , mozambique , and northern south africa .
a juvenile abert’s squirrel ( sciurus aberti ) climbs on a tree branch in arizona . image credit : jonathan derbridge
author : bernard dupont license : attribution - sharealike 2 . 0 generic ( cc by - sa 2 . 0 ) urltoken description : male smith ' s bush squirrel or tree squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) filmed on 110 road north of berg - en - dal , kruger national park , south africa link : urltoken title : smith ' s bush squirrel ( paraxerus cepapi ) . webm details of the licenses can be found on this channel ' s
about
page . in this video , no changes or modifications have been made to the original material . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
striped bush squirrels eat seeds , fruits , roots , leaves , and buds .
is a social squirrel . they live in groups of one or two adults and many juveniles . family groups consist of 2 to 12 . these groups nest together in trees , ground holes , house roofs , and in - between rocks . smith ' s bush squirrels are diurnal and arboreal . although
african bush squirrels are the largest , most diverse and adaptable of all african squirrels .
spring is almost here , and soon our squirrel friends will be hearing the pitter - patter of tiny squirrel paws . mating season for eastern gray . . .
smith ' s bush squirrels are found in areas that provide appropriate nesting holes . these are commonly savanna , mopane and acacia woodlands . although these squirrels mostly live in trees , they will also nest in holes on the ground , between rocks , and in house roofs .
smith ' s bush squirrels are medium - sized african bush squirrels . the coat is yellow to brown in color but can vary by region . in general , the dorsal coat is a brownish yellow or gray color , while the ventral coat is a white or gray color with a buff coloration on the chest . the face has white stripes both above and below the eyes and cheeks that are a subtle brownish yellow color . smith ' s bush squirrels have long , bushy tails with a black and yellow to brown coloration . adults have an average body length measuring 238 . 5 mm and an average body mass of 222 . 85 g .
unlike north american tree squirrels , the smith ' s bush squirrels live in territorial family groups , with both adult males and females defending territory and nesting together along with their juvenile offspring . the nests are made in holes in trees . group solidarity is reinforced through mutual grooming .
a young / baby of a smith is called a ' pup , kit or kitten ' . the females are called ' doe ' and males ' buck ' . a smith group is called a ' dray or scurry ' .
safaris are all about the big game . but even though elephants , leopards and rhinos ( oh my ! ) fill your lens and retinas on a daily basis , it’s still just as wonderful to watch a squirrel scamper through a tree . this species is known in south africa simply as a tree squirrel , or smith’s bush squirrel more broadly . its golden coat with tinges of rust and green make it a far more handsome creature than the common grey squirrels that run through london’s parks . it lacks none of their characteristic agility either , as the video below will demonstrate . i spent a good half - hour watching this individual scurry about the tree that stood right next to the lodge .
in the wild ; however , in captivity , one squirrel lived for 9 . 6 years .
a mt . graham red squirrel . this species of squirrels is the most endangered in america .
reggie bush nearly made this list . let ' s say he ranked 27th . bush may have been overpriced and overhyped in his heyday , but he was a heck of a receiver and return man early in his career who developed into a capable running back as he matured .
, yields clues about the communication of striped bush squirrels . tail flicking and ear wagging have been recorded in
smith was such a mismatch headache for opponents that the cardinals dusted off the
tight end around
play for him . smith rushed 38 times for 327 yards and three touchdowns in his career . he was also the cardinals ' regular punter for three seasons . and if that isn ' t enough versatility for you , smith also sings a fine national anthem .
my pet squirrel , sandy . snuggling , biting , playing , licking , yawning , and being generally cute .
smith ' s bush squirrels are mostly vegetarian , consuming many plants , seeds , berries , flowers , and some arthropods . although opportunistic , they prefer seeds and gums of acacia , and seeds and flowers of aloes . they will also consume termites . in east africa , the squirrels will also eat insects , bird eggs , and euphorbia leaves .
african bush squirrels are usually seen in pairs but live amongst six or more other squirrels in a small area of the forest .
the sub - species of tree squirrel found in the kruger national park , known as smith’s bush squirrel , is covered by shades of grey fur , with yellow parts covering its lower - back region , hind legs and its bushy , long tails . there are added white parts of fur on their chest and belly - regions , although the shade of these colors differs from one are to another . the average weight of such a squirrel is a meager 200g , and their length average is 35cm of which nearly half of that spans the length of their well - known furry tail . their ears are small and round , and they have long fingered paws similar to primates at the ends of their front legs .
very young striped bush squirrels have been collected in the months of march and april . in june , some half - grown young were collected . it has been suggested that the birthing season may occur around these months , and possibly a second one in september . a striped bush squirrel nest was recorded as being made from grass and coconut fibers and was located in a hollow tree .
zimbabwe ' s top destinations range from victoria falls to mana pools national park .
is a larger squirrel that has gray shoulders with tan gray sides , gray markings on the belly , and gray white feet .
anded mongoose , bat eared fox , blesbok , blue wildebeest , squirrel , impala , giraffe , kudu , njala , warthog .
suddenly , the mother noticed koprowski with her baby on his head and bolted toward him , ready to attack . koprowski , startled , began running from the protective mother squirrel . “like any good mother , she wouldn’t give up , ” he said . after a few seconds of running around with a squirrel on his head while onlookers stood staring at the fiasco , koprowski shook the baby squirrel off of his head onto a nearby tree . it was hard to tell who was more relieved — koprowski or the mother squirrel .
smith ran track and played tailback at northwestern louisiana before switching to flanker , where he played well enough to get drafted in the 10th round by the cardinals in 1963 . cardinals ends coach fran polsfoot saw the 210 - pound smith ' s potential as a tight end and moved him there to cover for some injuries . smith bulked up a bit and was soon putting up mammoth numbers for the era , including a 56 - catch , 1 , 205 - yard , 21 . 5 - yard - per - catch and nine - touchdown receiving line in 1967 .
there is little doubt that the most beautiful and instantly recognizable physical characteristic of the squirrel is its tail . tree squirrels . . .
smith ' s bush squirrels are able to communicate using clicking and rattling vocalizations . if disturbed , they will grunt and growl . their low intensity alarm call consists of three “chir” or “click” sounds . this is used as a warning or territorial defense . they also have a high intensity alarm call composed of six or seven high pitched notes ; this is similar to a bird call or whistle . when threatened ,
sometime vegetarian . bird and squirrel watcher . husband and father . unapologetic red state liberal . texas tech red raider football and basketball fan .
murmurs , which is thought to be a form of communication used to contact another squirrel and can be aggressive or friendly . male and female
john koprowski stood in an urban park in kansas with binoculars pressed to his eyes . he was conducting a study as part of his phd thesis research and was intently observing a female eastern fox squirrel ( sciurus niger ) carry each of her seven babies from one nest in a tree to the base of a nearby tree . each baby squirrel wrapped its feet around its mother’s head , with its own head tucked under her chin . “the mother squirrel kind of looked like it had a giant head , ” koprowski recalled .
there is not much information on communication in striped bush squirrels except that young will emit a piercing squeak when threatened or fearful , to which the mother will respond .
striped bush squirrels are diurnal mammals . not much is known about their social system , but females and males associate with their young . there are no recordings of large associations of
just give me 18 inches of daylight . that ' s all i need .
— gale sayers
when most americans think of squirrels , we think of the eastern gray , the familiar bushy - tailed tree squirrel of parks and suburban yards . b . . .
first , happy squirrel appreciation day ! i wasn ' t sure how to commemorate this special day . here are some ideas of things to appreciate a . . .
mary’s old , mysterious letter . photo by sam kurth ( cc by 2 . 0 ) click for source .
gifford was , in fact , a popular golden boy . he was also one of history ' s great playmakers
since the last couple of posts on this blog have been kind of grim , i thought a bit of squirrel cuteness overload would be appropriate . so i . . .
if a dominant p . cepapi narrows its eyes at a submissive p . cepapi , the submissive squirrel will run away and is then often chased by the dominant one .
tree squirrels have often been referred to as ( smith ' s ) bush squirrels , yellow - footed squirrels or mopane squirrels . these associations relate to its bushveld habitat , foot colouring and frequent mopane tree visitations . they spend much of the day searching for food in a very small area , with the males performing sentry duty , alarm soundings and anal and urination scent - marking rituals . they will be close to trees though with suitable nesting holes , of mostly savannah woodland areas that include a wide variety of tree types
the garden route region is located between the western cape ' s mossel bay and storms river in the eastern cape .
the kruger national park is south africa ' s top safari destination , offering every accommodation option from camping to exclusive lodges .
for diptera , it’s a no - brainer . students should read wiegmann et al . ’s ( 2011 ) episodic radiations in the fly tree of life . sure it’s technical in its methods , but it also tells an interesting story about how diptera have been so successful , describes natural history trends we see across the phylogeny , and discusses how robust the current classification is .
it is thought that color changes in the fur might be connected with age . color changes do not seem to be merely seasonal , but may depend on the physiological condition of the squirrel .
striped bush squirrels are small to medium sized squirrels . head and body length measurement averages 175 mm and tail length also averages 175 mm . they can weight from 120 g to 200 g . striped bush squirrels undergo periodic color changes . the back can be dark grey or olive - brown , which can be replaced by brightly ochraceous tipped hairs . the dorsal surface can also take on a fulvous or bright gold hue .
while koprowski hasn’t had such a riveting encounter with a squirrel since he was a phd student , his excitement about the small , bushy tailed species hasn’t faltered over the years as he’s traveled all over the world to teach children about squirrels , including the panda breeding center in china where he taught students about the importance of biodiversity , and to remote areas to study them . along with three other authors , he also published the book squirrels of the world in 2012 , which is a comprehensive examination of all squirrel species globally .
when you are extremely lucky you may see the bat eared foxes on shakati . i spotted these curious and teddy bear like creatures very early on a game drive . just shows you how the bush may always surprise you .
thank you for this information . the sound the squirrel makes in my back garden in selebi - phikwe is rather like a bird alarm call . when i first heard it i kept looking for a bird !
available information on the ecosystem roles of striped bush squirrels is lacking . it seems likely , however , that they disperse seeds of the tree species they feed on and affect the abundance of the specific plants on which they feed .
striped bush squirrels are terrestrial and live in a variety of habitats , from moist savannahs to forests . they can be found on cultivated lands , preferring sugar plum tree groves . populations are most numerous in old - growth hardwood forests .
sproles also had an excellent early career for the chargers , complementing ladainian tomlinson as a third - down back and return man . add it all up , and sproles is now eighth on the all - time list with 19 , 011 all - purpose yards . that ' s almost as many as westbrook ( 11 , 259 ) and bush ( 10 , 001 ) combined .
keep in mind that barry sanders and emmitt smith were both in the nfl for most of thomas ' tenure as the scrimmage - yardage king . smith was the best pure rusher of the bunch , and he was helped by the best offensive line . ( spoiler alert : sanders is coming soon on this countdown . ) while sanders was a better pure playmaker than thomas , he lacked his former oklahoma state teammate ' s consistency and versatility in the passing game . in his prime , thomas combined the best elements of a shake - ' n ' - bake third - down back and a no - nonsense workhorse , the perfect combination for creating mismatches on the fly .
[ 0455 ] virginia hayssen et al . ( 1993 ) , asdell ' s patterns of mammalian reproduction : a compendium of species - specific data
koprowski is currently conducting a long - term project over 25 years on america’s most endangered squirrel , the mt . graham red squirrel ( tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis ) . he is studying factors such as fire and insect damage in high elevation coniferous forests that influence the status of the squirrel population which includes only about 250 individuals . he also has extended his work to south africa in collaboration with mike stokes at western kentucky university to observe the role of squirrels and other rodents in regenerating forests in areas where elephants are causing damage . in china , he is using a diverse array of squirrels and other seed - eating rodents as an indicator of climate change in high elevations where giant pandas live . “overall , we are interested in using squirrels as indicators of forest change and climate change over time , ” he said .
this countdown was not really designed for tight ends . but it is designed for mold - breakers . smith didn ' t just break the mold for tight ends . he completely reshaped it , and successors from winslow to gronk have been adding to the design ever since .
. striped bush squirrels nest in hardwood tree hollows and can be seen basking near their nest holes in the early morning . if they realize they have attracted attention , they will flee . it has been suggested that females are more wary than males .
2007 .
u . s . fish and wildlife service : working together
( on - line ) . accessed march 16 , 2007 at urltoken .
specimens from 1935 mexico , found in the same box as mary’s letter . photo by sam kurth ( cc by 2 . 0 ) click for source .
unfortunately , an internet search for smith usually brings up dozens of reference to his dropped pass in the end zone in super bowl xiii , after the 38 - year - old was lured out of retirement by the injury - ravaged cowboys . the greatest tight end of his era waited 16 years to reach the hall of fame because voters of the past were obsessed with
signature moments
instead of a player ' s body of work .
squirrels in the southern hemisphere are seasonal breeders . mating takes place in august and after an 8 week gestation period , 1 - 3 blind , naked , toothless young are born . the baby squirrels are weaned at 6 weeks and become sexually mature shortly thereafter . a squirrel’s life expectancy is 2 - 3 years in the wild , with squirrels in captivity living for as long as 9 years .
welcome to the fifteenth edition of shakati bush facts . in this edition we will be sharing with you a special find which we have made on the shakati private game reserve , namely the ground pangolin ! we are quite excited to share this find with you !
as cold weather sets in and we complain about the freezing temperatures during our morning drive to work , it ' s easy to forget that wild . . .
more dangerous as a running back ( 5 . 7 yards per carry with the saints ) , more versatile as a receiver ( 16 touchdowns in three seasons ; bush scored 12 receiving touchdowns in five saints seasons ) and more reliable as an all - purpose return man .
all of those all - time great tight ends certainly left their stamp on the position . but jackie smith is the guy who literally turned the tight end from a blocker who lined up next to the right tackle and caught a few underneath passes to a chess piece who can line up anywhere and do practically anything .
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
viljoen , s . 1983 . communicatory behaviour of southern african tree squirrels , paraxerus palliatus ornatus , p . p . tongensis , p . c . cepapi and funisciurus congicus .
to the uneducated mind , it just looks like another latin name . this species of wasp is known for the larvae’s manipulation of its host insect , pushing the discoverers to name it
when i was a kid in london on the ’50’s things were a little different . yes , today you will see the “common grey squirrels that run through london’s parks” , but back then they were a recent invading species ( from america ) taking over from the red squirrels we all loved . i guess the grey squirrels were successful : even the memory of the little red guys is gone now , in london . they are still around in the forests , but even there their existence is precarious . see the forestry service’s report ( urltoken ) .
imagine a player with the kick - return skills of david meggett , the quick feet of barry sanders and the sure hands of michael irvin ,
timothy w . smith wrote of metcalf in the new york times in 1995 . nowadays , imagine a durable percy harvin , a more explosive julian edelman or a tyreek hill without the baggage . that ' s who metcalf was . he finished his career with 12 return touchdowns , 12 rushing touchdowns , 31 receiving touchdowns and 17 , 230 all - purpose yards , 15th on the all - time list .
this is a small species of squirrel . adults are only about 14 inches long , about half of which is the tail , and weigh about seven ounces . it is a light rusty brown or , in some regions , more gray in color , with a buff or sometimes white chest and belly .
certain species of squirrels such as eastern gray squirrels ( sciurus carolinensis ) are also very common , making them a convenient species to study . there are 285 squirrel species in the world , koprowski said , and the fact that most are active during the day also makes them conspicuous and easy to find .
working as a member of the frost’s research and curatorial team has been such a rewarding experience thus far , and i am excited to be a part of all we have in store for the upcoming year .
this week’s mystery lice come from mossman , north queensland , australia . they were collected in 1962 on uromys caudimaculatus ( krefft 1867 ) ( rodentia : muridae ) , commonly known as a giant white - tailed rat .
chip kelly ' s no - huddle experiment . shady led the nfl in rushing and scrimmage yards in 2013 before the rest of the league figured out kelly was running the same handful of plays over and over again .
dunn was the primary offensive weapon for tony dungy ' s buccaneers in the late 1990s . paired with bruiser mike alstott in the backfield , he was both the big - play threat of the running game and the team ' s most reliable receiver . dunn missed his chance to win a super bowl when jon gruden arrived in tampa bay , however , as he had signed on to become part of a radically different system in atlanta .
andy reid ' s west coast offense , which at the time was pass - oriented with a rudimentary rushing attack . mccoy had two 1 , 000 - yard rushing seasons and a 20 - touchdown campaign in this scheme .
little was short for a running back in that bruising era . he was also bowlegged . but the legs he sometimes described as
parentheses
brought several unexpected advantages . little ' s center of gravity was low , his balance was exceptional and his ankles were permanently braced to make a cut on a defender . he quickly became one of the most dangerous rusher - receiver - returner combinations in the afl . saban ' s broncos , meanwhile , slowly climbed to respectability .
the trees squirrel has hind legs which are longer than the front , with toes equipped with claws for climbing trees . there is soft padding on the underside of their feet . they have a tooth structure which is typical of a rodent ; large chisel - like top and bottom incisors that continue growing for their entire lives and flattish grinding molars for crushing food .
some were officially third - down running backs , some slot receivers . all of them were incredibly versatile . brown and edelman played defense at times . welker was the emergency kicker . patten ' s versatility in one 2001 game against the colts
mitchell would do everything else , both for washington and the eagles . he ' s the nfl ' s all - time leader in career punt and kick return yardage ( 19 , 013 ) . his 13 return touchdowns rank fifth on the all - time list of non - offensive touchdowns . mitchell was also one of the most dangerous and reliable third - down backs of his era , averaging 5 . 1 career yards per rush and never missing a game in 14 seasons .
the modern broncos have a well - earned reputation as one of the best - run sports franchises in america . it all started when a bowlegged spark plug of a runner finally gave the fans of football ' s ugliest franchise something worth watching .
sanders was history ' s most elusive running back , making him an ideal fit for the run ' n ' shoot ' s barely controlled chaos . nickel and dime defenders of the day were no match for sanders ' ankle - twisting cutbacks . linebackers didn ' t stand a chance of even keeping up with him . lions quarterbacks were generally average - to - terrible , but sanders kept the team and the hinky system in the playoff picture with his ability to consistently rack up big plays .
jones , k . , j . bielby , m . cardillo , s . fritz , j . o ' dell . 2009 . pantheria : a species - level database of life history , ecology , and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals .
the topic of the plenary is one that koprowski sees evidence of every day as a squirrel researcher . aside from the element of human interest that surrounds squirrels , they are also good indicators of changes in the environment , according to koprowski . as forests become fragmented and disrupt their habitat , squirrels still can be easily found , telling us a lot about climate change and other changes caused by humans .
greg roman / anthony lynn ' s cro - magnon power - running jamboree . mccoy averaged 5 . 4 yards per carry , caught 50 passes and scored 14 touchdowns for a power - and - options offense that had zero receiving threats for much of last season .
barber left a complicated legacy in the locker room and off the field . he was as quick to criticize teammates and coaches as he was to fake out a linebacker , and the giants ' becoming a tightly knit super bowl team as soon as he retired was not lost on anyone . but this isn ' t a countdown of the nfl ' s most lovable teammates . barber made himself the nfl ' s most dangerous playmaker in the mid - 2000s , proving there is much more to the job than being quick and having good hands .
mitchell ' s pure speed allowed him to both burn cornerbacks deep and beat defenders to the edge on sweeps . he was also nifty in the open field with a devastating mix of dart - like quickness and vision . his career marks the changing of eras , not just from segregation ' s last holdouts to more enlightened times , but the opening up of offenses near the dawn of the super bowl . mitchell was too good of a playmaker to be a
left halfback .
football was changing , because men like mitchell were changing it .
while the mother probably intended for all of her young to wait patiently while she carried each one up to their new nest , the baby squirrels scurried off in different directions . one squirrel ran straight toward what it thought was another tree — one with binoculars and arms and legs — 6 - foot - 2 - inch koprowski . “the youngster went up my face and on top of my head , ” koprowski said .
“squirrels help us study how ecosystems are changing , and the recovery from these changes is critical , ” he said . “the challenges involve humans as well as natural systems . we can help effect change with management elements . it’s an exciting time to be a wildlife biologist . ”
brian westbrook nearly made this list . let ' s say he ranked 26th . westbrook is revered in philadelphia . he carried the andy reid / donovan mcnabb eagles at times as an all - purpose weapon , and he was a respected figure in the locker room as well .
gifford moved to the broadcast booth upon retirement and spent decades as one of the smoothest announcers in the business . he moved from color commentary to play - by - play , and later generations forgot he was ever even a player . gifford ' s all - purpose stats in the old encyclopedias looked nothing like jim brown ' s perennial dominance . gifford reached the hall of fame in 1977 , but younger fans perusing the encyclopedias may think his enshrinement was some sort of lifetime achievement award for a golden boy who popularized the game for new yorkers or something .
squirrels are rodents belonging to the family sciuridae which also includes chipmunks , marmots and prairie dogs . the name squirrel is derived from skiouros , an ancient greek word meaning shadow - tailed . there are over 270 types of squirrels , with various indigenous species found on every continent except antarctica and australia , ( although squirrels have been introduced into australia . ) squirrels are divided into 3 groupings , tree , ground or flying squirrels .
mitchell led a late touchdown drive , completing three passes for 40 yards . keep in mind , this was against buddy ryan ' s defense in an era before any team had a wildcat or read - option package for a player like mitchell to fall back upon . ( the eagles were in prevent mode , but buddy ' s prevent mode wasn ' t like normal prevent mode . ) it was a gutsy , dignity - saving performance , but mitchell would never play quarterback again , though he threw a few more career passes on trick plays and fake punts .
tarkenton was an undersized mid - round quarterback with amazing scrambling ability and tremendous touch on his deep passes . he joined the expansion minnesota vikings in 1961 and immediately butted heads with their coach , the notoriously irascible norm van brocklin . the dutchman didn ' t like tarkenton ' s scrambling
the browns lined mitchell up in the same backfield as jim brown in the 1950s and early 1960s . serving as a motion man and brown ' s
mr . outside ,
mitchell averaged 5 . 4 yards per rush for four seasons and returned three punts and three kickoffs for touchdowns .
while most people haven’t had this kind of close encounter with a squirrel , many have equally memorable stories about the thriving species that are a familiar backyard sight . people care about their welfare , which in turn helps with conservation of squirrels and related species . according to koprowski , this aspect of squirrels makes them an important and useful species for wildlife conservation in general . his early experience with them led to a lifetime of interest in the species .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
sometimes , the fireplug - shaped all - purpose guy is just an all - purpose guy . in sproles ' case , he ' s an easy - to - overlook all - time great , hiding in plain sight and outperforming better - paid , better - regarded players at their own games .
i’ve been working on my course ( ent 432 ) syllabus for what seems like forever , though it’s only been eight years . in the latest iteration i’ve tried to incorporate required reading from the primary literature—mostly empirical studies , rather than reviews—for each lecture . this exercise was mush more difficult than i anticipated !
history ' s best playmakers often start their careers as ordinary all - purpose backs . they return kicks , catch some third - down screen passes , produce a few highlights and then appear poised to give way to someone younger , faster and cheaper as soon as they lose a fraction of a step .
whether he ' s cutting back for positive yardage on a sweep that the entire defense sniffed out , exploding through a tiny crease in the line for a big gain or turning a screen pass into a touchdown , shady has multiple ways of turning nothing into something or a little something into a whole lot .
judged as
playmakers ,
there ' s no contest between cunningham , steve young and michael vick . young was a brilliant soloist and conductor for a world - class orchestra . vick played in offenses that complemented his rushing ability , and his 2000s passing totals don ' t come close to cunningham ' s 1980s totals . when it came to contortionist tactics to avoid sacks , windmill leaps at the end of scrambles and making up new moves just to survive , cunningham was in a class by himself . he often looked like he was on the field by himself . and win or lose , he always put on a show .
don ' t look up grange ' s nfl stats seeking enlightenment ; what little is there is almost incomprehensible to modern eyes anyway . just know that he was a ruthian figure who achieved lebron james - like fame the moment such fame became possible in american society , and his exploits introduced the fledgling nfl to future fanatics all across the country .
at just under a million ) and the “discoverer” of a new one earns the right to name the species , oftentimes causing the name to have an interesting and unique etymology . now i know what you’re thinking . isn’t it confusing using the words entomology and etymology back and forth in rapid succession ? well of course , but that’s where the fun lies !
along came head coach lou saban , who formerly coached the bills to a pair of afl championships . then the nfl - afl common draft arrived , giving the broncos a puncher ' s chance of acquiring real talent . with their first pick of the new era , the broncos selected little , a 5 ' 10
all - purpose back from syracuse .
the species today is named for its “ability to hunt down obscure prey” ( jozwiak , rewicz , pabis 2015 ) . if that doesn’t scream google then you should probably get in touch with the modern world because it’s pretty great . in madagascar where the ant was discovered in 2005 , entomologist brian l . fisher named the species proceratium google ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) .
mcelhenny , by contrast , was all jukes , weaves and squirrel - on - the - freeway chaos .
the king
averaged 7 . 0 yards per carry on 98 carries as a rookie in 1952 and 8 . 0 yards per carry on 64 carries when the million dollar backfield officially came together in 1954 . while perry took tittle handoffs and sprinted off left end behind johnson , mcelhenny took handoffs and pitches and did . . . whatever he felt like doing . both perry and mcelhenny were also effective receivers , and both took turns returning kicks and punts .
these tree squirrel species arrange themselves into family groups who usually share a shelter from the heat of the day and the shadows or those within them during the starry african nights . all members of such a family group share the same scent , making life much easier for them when it comes to setting boundaries for other families and their members . all the young are raised together by all their respective mothers together , a very communal and social relationship building exercise . furthermore males may show territorial behavior by protecting their homes , although the same behavior has been seen from females and adolescent young .
the bills may field something close to a typical nfl offense this year , with multiple wide receivers and everything . for the first time in four years , mccoy won ' t face stacked fronts of defenders who know what ' s coming . it could be too little , too late for a back who has already had an excellent career . but it could also result in a season for the ages .
when a quarterback as incandescently talented as young leaves college , teams do crazy things to acquire him . the usfl ' s los angeles express offered him $ 40 million they didn ' t really have so he could single - handedly fill the coliseum for them . young ended up taking snaps at running back and paying team bus drivers out of his own pocket just to get the express to games on time .
in cunningham ' s
ultimate weapon
days with the eagles , like his 30 - passing - touchdown , 942 - rushing - yard effort in 1990 , his running backs were 1970s - style plodders anthony toney and keith byars . his receivers were pretty good , but the eagles offensive lines of the era were built out of steroid violators , converted defensive linemen and other assorted castoffs and buddy ryan experiments .
the letter was undated , but found among specimens dated from 1928 , addressed to “george and alice . ” the wounds from the great war were starting to heal after a decade of peace and rebuilding , the great depression was not even a shadow of a thought , fitzgerald’s famous book had exploded in popularity ; the jazz age was truly in full swing . somewhere out there was mary , trading through fields collecting dragonflies .
faulk gained over 1 , 000 rushing and receiving yards in 1999 . he led the league in touchdowns in 2000 and 2001 . he averaged no less than 5 . 3 yards per rush for three consecutive years , leading the league each year and supplementing the rushing production with over 80 receptions per season . faulk wasn ' t just the nfl ' s best playmaker from 1999 through 2001 . he was the best player , period .
we will start discussing and examining lepidoptera in late november . scales are certainly a contributing factor to lepidoptera’s diversity , and their patterns are important for determining species . is their a great read about lep scales ? or should we focus our discussion on host plat relationships , chemical defense , moth avoidance , proboscis morphology … ? photo by johan j . ingles - le nobel ( cc by - nc - nd 2 . 0 ) . click for original .
dunn ' s falcons , like his buccaneers , were too flawed to reach the super bowl . both teams needed dunn to be an offensive focal point and a locker room leader , not just mr . shake ' n ' bake in the open field . dunn responded by becoming one of the most respected players in the nfl , not just one of the most exciting . that one - two punch is what earned him a spot on this countdown .
the various woody areas of the kruger national park offer many suitable shelters and habitats , from mopane forests near mopani rest camp to tree - rich woodland areas found in scattered areas throughout the park . trees with natural holes in them are preferred by most squirrel species , because of its use as a shelter and place in which to raise young . the more trees in a woodland area the better for these animals , whether it be acacia thorn trees or larger trees . their main food source is also found within trees ; seeds . they also spread seeds around large trees to facilitate regrowth , thereby giving back what they take and keeping up their end of the symbiotic relationship they share with trees .
hester holds the nfl record with 20 non - offensive touchdowns . that ' s an astounding number for a modern player , particularly one who played on offense ( defenders can mix in some pick - sixes with their kick and punt returns ) . hester was also a capable screens - and - bombs receiver stuck in largely bad offenses for much of his career . but he was at his best when he could specialize in the dying art of fielding kicks and punts .
in modern football , trippi would be a cross between christian mccaffrey , terrelle pryor and jabrill peppers , with a dash of marquette king sprinkled in . great prospects like these still leave college for an nfl befuddled about how best to make use of their gifts . for trippi , the chicago cardinals tried a little of everything , and it worked . today ' s nfl teams can still learn something from their post - wwii forebears . give great playmakers the ball . worry about the labels later .
given 18 inches of daylight , gale sayers performed feats that are still dazzling over half a century later . he jump - cut , head - faked , hurdled and juked early ' 60s defenders who had never seen the likes of the kansas comet before . it might be cheating to point to a highlight reel and say
watch this ,
but here ' s a highlight reel , complete with quotes from george halas and others ( plus some ac / dc music ) . words don ' t really do sayers justice .
tarkenton led the vikings to three super bowls in the 1970s . his supporting cast was excellent : the purple people eaters on defense , the aforementioned line , ahmad rashad , john gilliam and chuck foreman among his weapons . but tarkenton ' s timing was poor . the nfl was dominated by the steelers , raiders , cowboys and vikings through most of the mid - to - late ' 70s . with tarkenton and many of the vikings stars already well past their prime when everything came together , they had a habit of finishing one or two games shy of a championship .
yet in the mid - 2000s , it was still possible for a return man to be a great team ' s most valuable offensive player , as hester proved for the bears . his six return touchdowns in the 2006 regular season and playoffs helped a team with a blundering offense come within a rainy day run - in with peyton manning of winning a super bowl . when he wasn ' t taking a kickoff to the house , he was forcing opponents to squib kick to avoid him , giving the bears offense the field position it desperately needed to muster a few points .
on this list of all - time playmakers , it must be noted that vick spent what should have been his prime either in jail or rebuilding the nfl ' s trust on the eagles bench . he robbed himself of those great years , and it cost him a chance to be the best playmaker ever . he doesn ' t even rank first among our quarterbacks . but vick is in a category all his own , as both an athlete and cultural figure . few inspire more complex emotions . the off - field ugliness was undeniable . but so was the on - field beauty .
they are most active , out and about during the daytime , making them diurnal creatures , but spend most of their time in trees , on branches and between leaves where the sun’s grasp on them is not that strong . they mostly forage for food during this time , but keep a careful lookout for any predator that might come walking or flying by , because squirrels overall , especially juvenile squirrels , are very vulnerable and are almost last on the food chain . they also groom and socialize vocally with one another during the day , checking for parasites and keeping up their appearance and hygiene .
call these players products of brady and the patriots system if you like . but several of these players ( like welker ) have had success elsewhere , and the system itself points the way to the future . the patriots used to be alone in plucking guys like welker off other rosters or drafting and grooming edelman types for slot receiver roles . copycats are catching on , and players like christian mccaffrey can now enter the draft marketing themselves as patriots - style weapons , even as television analysts shrug their shoulders and ask
what position does he play ?
like it ' s still 1977 .
speaking of ryan experiments : buddy held the very concept of coordinating a modern offense in near contempt . cunningham ' s job was to drop back and make stuff happen , whether it was a bomb to fred barnett or calvin williams , a pirouetting ballet recital of a scramble or some combination of both . sometimes , the results were highlights that will be remembered forever , like the 95 - yard touchdown to barnett or the apparent carl banks sack that cunningham turned into a touchdown pass to jimmie giles . sometimes , cunningham spent whole afternoons running for his life on 3rd - and - 25 .
when grange joined the nfl in 1925 , it changed perceptions about professional football . his presence at a bears road game could put a struggling host team in the black for the season . fans came to see the most dynamic , elusive all - purpose weapon of that primitive era . grange ran , passed and returned punts in an era when punt returns were much more integral to the game than they are now . football before grange was college lads clobbering each other in the mud . grange introduced quickness and grace to the sport . he was , quite literally , the nfl ' s first playmaker .


a leopon / ˈlɛpən / is a hybrid resulting from the crossing of a male leopard with a lioness .

the head of the animal is similar to that of a lion while the rest of the body carries similarities to leopards .

these hybrids are produced in captivity and are unlikely to occur in the wild .

leopon

no , flint , other mutations are not inheritable . however , if a lion has a leopon parent , that leopon parent has the chance to pass the
leopon gene
down and make the cub a leopon as well .
of course ! a 2g leopon could get the leopon base and mark but also inherit some of the other markings of the father .
since the male leopon is fertile and all female hybrid big cats are fertile , have scientist or zoos tried to steadily breed leopons and leopon . . .
this offspring is not a leopon . her sister has not inherited the leopon gene and is a regular lioness as a result . despite lacking the leopon gene , she has inherited the leopon only base , kimanjano , and the leopon only marking , mottled rosette , from her mother . she is capable of passing these down to any cubs she may have ( see below for breeding details ) .
none of the members of leopon team are ever depicted wearing the school uniform .
leopon = leopard + lion the leopon is the result of breeding a male leopard with a female lion . the head of the animal is similar … | pinteres…
this offspring is a leopon . this cub has gained the
leopon gene
as can be seen by the unique lines . her mutation will simply be listed as leopon without a generation . she has inherited her father ' s breed only attributes , but is also a leopon due to her mother . as a result of this , she has the possibility of passing on the leopon gene to her own cubs .
the names of leopon team ' s members are derived from famous japanese racing drivers .
leopon team ' s tiger ( p ) with it ' s first paint scheme .
leopon team ' s tiger ( p ) with it ' s second paint scheme .
leopon team takes care of the majority of post - match damage repair for ooarai ' s tanks .
leopon team are the only ooarai team that were not depicted as having trouble in initially learning to drive their tank .
interestingly enough , all first generation leopons are born with two very special , leopon - only , traits : kimanjano base and the mottled rosette marking . these traits are very hard to breed onto a regular lion , but can pass to other leopons with ease . a female leopon can give birth to leopon cubs naturally , however the males are completely infertile .
october 9th , 1967 : if all goes well , japanese zoo experts hope to have by next april the world’s first tippon , a cross between a male tiger and a female leopon . the first leopon , offspring of a leopard and lion was successfully bred eight years ago by these experts . tiger named ben , aged 3 years and 10 months , and miss daisy the leopon , 6 years and 4 months , were mated last week .
leopon team consists of four members of the automotive club from ooarai girls high school , which also provide maintenance for all of ooarai ' s tanks .
despite the fact that the tiger ( p ) is designed for a five - man crew , leopon team operates the tank with only four members .
leopon leopons are the first hybrid to be introduced to lioden . leopons are a cross between a lioness and a leopard male . first generations are very rare . leopons are obtained exactly the same way as other breeding mutations , which means any lioness could randomly pop out a leopon cub when she is bred !
how do i get a leopon on lioden ? i ' m starting with a lot of very low fertility lionesses and breeding until i get a leopon ! of course , special items help too . should i claim very low fertility lionesses ? let me know what you think ! follow me on facebook : urltoken add me on lioden : urltoken
a leopon skin and skull at the british museum of natural history is said to have come from an animal bred at kolhapur zoo in india in the early part of the 20th century .
name : primalnstincts # gnash id : 82551 why i want to join : ever since i joined lioden i have been drawn to leopons . then i find out that it ' s a rare mutation . this seems like a cool way to work with other players to get a leopon without spending 400gb . i don ' t mind if we don ' t get a leopon , but i am happy to try ! what would i do with a leopon : i would pamper it and give it lots of decors , and after i get 1 - 2 more i would share the rest . if a get a leopon boy i will give him to one of my partners . if i sell a leopon that was bred here everyone would get a share of the money or it would be spent on items for leopon breeding . do i have a leopon : nope . . . : ( how do i get currency : i buy gb or sell stuff on the monkey business anything else : why can ' t you just tell your lionesses to mate with a leopard ? also should we make a clan for this ? using a clan hoard as a item storage area ? it would be private . edited on 02 / 05 / 17 @ 20 : 44 : 56 by primalnstincts # gnash ( # 82551 )
during the final match against kuromorimine girls academy , ooarai ' s tanks managed to survive the initial attack by kuromorimine ' s tanks and they gathered on the top of a hill , later successfully executing a breakthrough , with leopon team acting as the armored spearhead . although the tank ' s temperamental transmission threatened to catch fire , leopon team were able to make engine repairs whilst on the move . during the subsequent escape from kuromorimine ' s main force , while crossing a bridge , leopon team deliberately demolished it , forcing the opponent to take a different route and gaining critical time for ooarai .
a leopon is a hybrid resulting from a lioness and leopard mating . in the wild , the lioness and leopard use different mating techniques and would be unlikely to find themselves in a position of compatibility .
leopon team initially crewed their tank to see if they could drift in it . as it turns out , they are very good at it , at one stage drifting the tank over 180 degrees around .
leopon team started the match as part of team dandelion , where they engaged in fruitless long - range gunnery with rumi company ' s pershings . once the battle shifted to the theme park , leopon team , along with the other ooarai tanks excepting the panzer iv , acted as a mobile reserve . they were deployed first to the main gate , then redirected to the eastern utility gate after miho realized the deception .
if you know a lion and a leopard very well then you should be able to identify a leopon because its physical appearance is a combination of that of both parents . leopons are spotted like leopards the only
towards the end of the match , leopon team helped chase down the bermuda trio by using their tank to create a slipstream for their allies . although the stress of leopon team ' s turbo - charged boost surpassed the technical limits of the engine and caused the tank to fatally break down , their contribution allowed the otherwise slow pravda and kuromorimine tanks to catch the bermuda trio in a close ranged engagement and take one of them out .
as plan f took effect , leopon team was joined by anteater team and katyusha in the t - 34 - 85 in a high speed engagement through a wild - western setting . just as the all - stars university team tanks were about to close the trap on the ooarai force , leopon team used the heavy weight of the tank to drive through the buildings , which were just theater set constructs , suddenly changing the angle of attack and catching the surprised university tanks in the open .
a leopon ( pronounced :
lep - ən
) is the hybrid produced by a mating between a lioness and a leopard . the hybrid produced from the reciprocal cross ( lion x leopardess ) is called a lipard ( pronounced :
lip - erd
) .
lifespan ever recorded for a leopon is over 20 years . to us humans this may seem short but when compared to either lions or leopards this is an unusually long amount of time . for instance lions have a life expectancy of only 13 years ; seeing the difference ?
name : kat why you want to join : i ' m interested in leopon and have been since i joined the game but never could get ahold of one . what you would do with a leopon : i ' d pamper and breed her . i would give her my most beautiful decors . i would make her my queen lol . if i got a male i would make it a sub since they are infertile so i would not breed him . do you have a leopon : unfortunately no how you intend to help : i have two accounts one of which was a giant face plant so i sold all my lions it now only has a male and a adolescent female i could use that to grow and breed them . like @ korea said how do you get currency : selling items and i could purchase gb
i hope this helps clarify the confusion on breeding leopons or hybrids in general ! please feel free to post below with any questions , comments , or concerns you have . i ' ll be happy to address them as best i can . many thanks and best luck in your leopon adventures !
a leopon
flat study skin and skull
from the kolhapur zoo in india ( bred in 1910 ) was donated to the british museum of natural history by lt col fw wodehouse of the junior united services sometime before 1940 . the more famous japanese leopons are preserved as mounted specimens in japan .
four months into trying , i bred a leopon ! how can you breed a leopon on lioden ? follow along for my tips and tricks for getting the best mutant cubs on this lion simulator . breed a mutant cub today on lioden ! cotton root bark ? gmo cow ? i did some testing so you don ' t have to . add me on lioden : urltoken lioden is a revolutionary twist on the sim game experience - be the king of your very own pride of lionesses , breed the best cubs , defend your territory and battle other lions for supremacy . follow on facebook : urltoken consider supporting me on patreon : urltoken
their first leopon cubs were born in 1959 after 97 days gestation—the gestation period of a hybrid is usually intermediate in length between those of its parents ( in leopards gestation lasts 90 - 105 days , and in lions , 105 - 110 days ) . three more were born in 1962 , a male and two females .
many persons have wondered what kind of animal would be produced if a cross should happen between a lion and a leopard , some have even doubted the possibility . for those who have doubted the possibility , yes it is possible to cross a lioness and a leopard . when crossed the resulting hybrid is known as a leopon .
the leopon is documented in r i pocock ' s letter to the field of 2nd november 1912 and the 1913 - 14 vol . of the journal of the bombay natural history society . it refers to three more letters in the field 1908 april 18 , 25 , and may 9th . judging from the letters , the indian leopons were born in 1910 . pocock wrote in november 1912 :
mr franco stenta of barberino mugello near florence . stenta owned a number of tame big captive - born big cats : 2 male lions , 2 male tigers , 1 tiger cub and a leopardess . these had been acquired from rome zoo and were tame to the point of being domesticated . one lion (
puff
) , the leopardess (
miccia
) and the tiger cub were housed in cages in the courtyard of the stenta family ' s paper factory in barberino mugello 25 km from florence . the owner did not expect or intend them to breed . the lion / leopard hybrid cub ( often called a
leopon
or
reverse leopon
in reports ) came as a complete surprise to the owner and at first he mistook it for a domestic cat , which he thought had slipped into the cage .
( 5 ) reginald pocock ( 1951 ) describes the skin of a wild - shot leopon :
it is a male , measuring approximately : head and body 5 ft . 10 1 / 2 in . , tail , without terminal hairs of the tuft , 2 ft . 9 in . , making a total of about 8 ft . 8 in . this is of course small for adult east african lions , of which the dressed skins may
there have been successful attempts to cross a lion with a leopardess to produce liards or lipards ( or as florio proposed
leonards
) . the large size of the lion compared to that of the leopardess means that a leopon ( male leopard / lioness ) is a more plausible explanation for the marozi than a lion / leopardess pairing . a lion x leopardess hybrid was born in schoenbrunn zoo , vienna in 1951 . a better documented lipard was born in 1982 .
although the leopard and lion come into contact in sub - saharan africa , it is widely believed that a leopon could not occur in a natural state because a leopard would be unable to mate with an unsedated lioness . but many reported hybrids of this type were the result of unplanned crosses in captivity . doi and reynolds ( 1967 ) say a lioness willingly and regularly lay on her side for a leopard to mount ( the pair in question were raised together ) .
like leopards , the leopon is an excellent climber and enjoys going into the water , distressing their lioness mothers , who have little , if any , interest in getting wet . leopons are about the size of a lion but their legs are shorter , more like a leopard . they have spots , but somewhat paler than a leopard and a tuft at the end of their tail like a lion . mature males have manes but not nearly as fluffy and large as a male lion . [ 1 ]
as the match against the st . gloriana - pravda compound team moved into an urban environment , leopon team peeled off from the main force in an attempt to lure the pravda tanks away from the flag tank . when katyusha refused to take the bait , they instead moved to the oy - line , where they set up a defensive line to block the tanks chasing anglerfish team . after an extended firefight , they took a direct hit from nonna ' s is - 2 , which triggered the subsequent collapse of the oy - line .
( 4 ) in a letter to the field ( nov . 2nd , 1912 ) , r . i . pocock gives the following description of the pelt of a leopon now in the british museum of natural history . pocock thanked walter samuel millard , the honorary secretary of the bombay natural history society , for sending me a skin of a specimen , which ,
according to the testimony of col . f w wodehouse , was bred in the gardens at kolhapur between a male panther i . e . a large leopard and a lioness . there were
the leopons shown here were bred at koshien hanshin park in nishinomiya city , japan . some of the photos show the cats as being extremely overweight , possibly due to a lack of testosterone ; predisposing them to lay down fat instead of muscle ( life in relatively small cages did not help matters ) . the lioness mother , leopard father and leopon offspring were taxidermised and are still on display . the park is closing and will donate two stuffed leopons to the national science museum in tokyo for scientific research . the remaining stuffed leopons will be displayed in nishinomiya city .
the marozi is reported in cameroons , central african republic , uganda , rwanda , kenya and ethiopia where it is reportedly a forest - dweller with a unique spot pattern distinct from that of the leopard . the presence of a supposedly self - sustaining population ( male big cat hybrids are sterile ) , the small size and the size difference problems of a leopard / lioness mating suggests a mutant form of either leopard or lion . because male hybrids are rarely fertile , a female leopon would have to mate with either a leopard or lion in order to produce offspring . those offspring would resemble the pure - bred parent .
they are real and are the only hybrid big cat species where the male is fertile . in other hybrid big cat species only the female offspring is fertile and can only mate with a pure - bred big cat . . . usually one of the parent species . more information about this hybrid . . . it is actually the offsrping of a leopard ( male ) and a lioness ( female ) the reciprocal offsrping is a lipard which is a male lion and female leopard mix . from my understanding it is much bigger than the leopon . something you should note , this mix has never occured in the wild and only in captivity .
leopon team consists of members of the automotive club from ooarai girls high school , which up to that point had meticulously done the restoration and the maintenance of the school ' s tanks . the team operates a german tiger ( p ) , which was accidentally found by miho while searching for saori and the rest of the rabbit team who had lost their way inside their ship city ; after lengthy repairs , it was fixed and painted it with an image of a lion ; miho herself suggested to them that they could become the tiger ( p ) ' s crew . together with anteater team , they became the last minute addition to ooarai ' s lineup prior to the final round of the sensha - dō tournament .
inheritance please note that most mutations are not naturally inherited . the only mutations that are naturally inherited are : leopon , overgrown fur , primal , smilus , felis and all piebald patterns . leopons can only be passed down by the mother . males with this mutation are sterile and cannot breed . overgrown fur can only be passed down by the mother . males cannot inherit this mutation . primal can only be passed down by the father . females can inherit this mutation . smilus can only be passed down by primal , felis or smilus males . females cannot inherit this mutation . felis can only be passed down by primal , felis or smilus males . females can inherit this mutation . piebald can be passed down by both mother and father .
in terms of size , the leopons take after the lioness mother and are larger than leopards . they have stout lion - like bodies and shorter leopard - like legs . they have brown , rather than black , spots and tufted tails . they will climb like leopards and seem to enjoy water , also like the leopard ( oddly enough , the japanese leopons were born of a water - loving lioness and a male leopard that did not seem to like water ! ) . when mature , males had sparse manes about 20 cm long when adult ( florio , 1983 ) . females may be torn between the solitary nature of the leopard and the social nature of a lioness . the hybrids proved to be sterile and the last one died in 1985 .
h hemmer ( 1966 ) described leopard / lion hybrids as large animals , larger than the leopard and almost as large as the lioness mother . males had a beard and mane ; the mane developing at 2 years of age and remaining poorly developed at age 3 . the background colour was pale reddish - yellow ; being more reddish than in a lion . the markings were paler than those of the leopard .
interestingly , the leopard was originally believed to be a hybrid between the
pard
( old name for panther , this being considered a separate creature from the leopard ) and the lion (
leo
) i . e . a leo - pard . nowadays , the term
panther
is generally only applied to black leopards . pliny believed that leopards were a hybrid of panther ( pard ) and lioness ( leo ) . this belief held sway for centuries , leading some authorities to identify dante ' s lonza as a leopard / lion hybrid in the style of pliny . in dante ' s book
inferno
( 1314 ) a leopard - like creature called the
lonza
represents the sin of lust . although generally translated as leopard , the word
lonza
is ambiguous ( being a play on words ) and some identify it as a hybrid of lion / leopardess or leopard / lioness , citing the works of pliny as possible inspiration for dante ' s lonza .
must a lioness be sedated for the smaller leopard to mount her ? or does she willingly adopt a lying position ? any natural hybrids would require her to be willing . some have claimed that the zoo pictures below show a very unresponsive , sedated lioness , but reports on the japanese leopons state that the lioness voluntarily assumed a position on her side to allow the much smaller leopard to mount her . the photos clearly show affection between the two animals .
july 8th , 1961 : zoo keepers here have dubbed their latest attraction leopons . the three cubs are offspring of a female lion and a male leopard . two are yellowish - brown with light black spots . the third leans to the father’s side – spotty .
1968 : the story of leopons . doi , hiroyuk and barbara reynolds . putnam . today japanese children can visit a zoo and see leopons - animals that several vears ago did not exist anywhere in the world . their mother is a lion and their father is a leopard . dr . hiroyuki doi first believed that lions and leopards were more similar than most people had thought , he felt that perhaps the animals had developed from one common ancestor and his experiment was a plausible testimony to his theory . the book is full of photos of these fascinating creatures .
july 12th , 1971 : hanshin park zoo officials reported the death of sonoko , a lioness who gave birth in 1959 and 1961 to five cubs called leopons because they were fathered by a leopard . four leopons survive .
the father of the hybrid was a 2 year old 250 kg lion 1 . 08 m tall at the shoulders and 1 . 8 m long ( excluding tail ) . the mother was a 3 and a half year old leopardess weighing only 38 kg . the female cub was born overnight on 26 / 27 august 1982 . its estimated birth - weight was similar to that of a leopard cub and the estimated gestation period was 92 - 93 days . miccia was initially a good mother , but began to over - groom the cub , biting off its tail when it was 2 days old . from then on , the cub was left with its mother while nursing . after 2 weeks it was hand - reared . at 5 months old it weighed 13 - 14 kg and was one third the size of its mother . it had the body conformation of a lion cub with a large head ( lion trait ) but receding forehead ( leopard trait ) , fawn fur and thick but faded ( i . e . brown ) spotting . the parents mated again in november 1982 and the leopardess was reported to be pregnant . however she had to be kept separate from puff as he continued to mount her whenever they were together .
the mysterious african
marozi
or
spotted lion
, may be a rare natural leopard / lion hybrid or an adult lion which retained its childhood spots . descriptions vary , but in general the marozi is described as a small lion with a sandy , tawny or grey coat with tawny spots . to add to the confusion , the spotted patterns are variously described as leopard - like , not leopard - like or even jaguar - like .
painting of two marozi by bill rebsamen , big - cat lover and wildlife artist . reproduced here by kind permission . bill ' s website can be found at :
the first observations of spotted lions ( marozi , panthera leo maculatus ) by westerners were in 1903 . details of marozi / spotted lion sightings is at spotted lions .
black leopards ( black panthers ) have always caught the public imagination . to my knowledge black leopons have not occurred . the gene for melanism in leopards is recessive and would probably be masked by lion colouration genes .
florio pl . birth of a lion x leopard hybrid in italy . international - zoo - news , 1983 ; 30 ( 2 ) : 4 - 6
many thanks to paul mccarthy for tirelessly researching back issues of the field and the times .
a lion detects intercourse with a leopard in the case of an adulterous mate by scent , and uses all his strength to punish her . so she will wash away the guilty odor in some stream , or else keep her distance when accompanying him .
lioness × leopard close - up of face ( male ) . image : trjn
many leopard - lion hybrids have been bred in captivity . best known are those born at koshien hanshin park in nishinomiya , japan in the late fifties and early sixties , one of which survived more than twenty years . this is longer than usual for a leopard ( maximum recorded life span in captivity 23 years ) or a lion , which has an average captive life expectancy of 13 years .
the staff at koshien hanshin decided to breed lion - leopard hybrids because other zoos were focusing on lion - tiger hybrids . they began by raising a lioness and a male leopard together . she was named sonoko and her leopard mate , kaneo . both were born in 1955 .
one of the interesting facts about leopons is that , unlike lions , they ' re good climbers . they also enjoy water , which often distresses their lioness mothers . leopons are big animals nearly the size of a lion , with stout bodies , but their legs are shorter , like a leopard’s ( hemmer 1966 ) . they have brown spots , paler than the leopard’s black spots , and tufted tails , like a lion . the base color is pale reddish yellow . mature males have sparse manes about 8 inches ( 20 cm ) long .
there are , however , anecdotal reports of natural hybrids , known as marozis , from cameroon , central african republic , uganda , rwanda , kenya , and ethiopia . apparently , the only solid evidence of hybridization occurring in the wild is a skin ( and possible skull ) in the british museum of natural history , shot in 1931 in kenya’s aberdare mountains ( this pelt is described in detail in note 5 below ) .
leopard and lioness making friends : wild lioness nursing leopard cub . this leopard would likely become imprinted on lions , so that it would prefer to mate with lionesses instead of leopards when it reached maturity . more info > >
as to the reciprocal cross , florio ( 1983 ) reports a case of a lipard , occurring in italy . in this particular case there was a large difference in the sizes of the parents . the lion father weighed 550 pounds ( 250 kg ) , while the leopard mother weighed a mere 84 pounds ( 38 kg ) . unfortunately for the mom , the lion attempted to mate at every opportunity . another lion - leopardess hybrid was born in schoenbrunn zoo , vienna , in 1951 .
there is also a three - way cross between leopard , jaguar and lion known .
antonius ( 1951b ) ; doi and reynolds ( 1967 ) ; flower ( 1929a ) ; gray ( 1972 ) ; hemmer ( 1966 : figs . 75 , 76 , 78 , 1968c ) ; international zoo yearbook ( 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 ) ; petzsch ( 1956 ) ; peters ( 1978 ) ; pocock ( 1908a , 1908b , 1913 , 1951 ) ( list of works cited ) .
( 1 ) stuffed leopons are on display in japan at the national science museum in tokyo .
( 2 ) according to jerdon ( 1874 : 174 ) , arab tradition says the cheetah is a product of this cross ( see also platt 1909 ) .
( 3 ) this hybrid was apparently known even in ancient times , since it is mentioned by pliny ( natural history , book viii , xvii ) .
two cubs in the litter . one , whose skin is here figured , died when about two and a half months old , whereas the other , now about two years old is , i believe , still living . at first sight this skin recalls that of the leopard in being covered with spots ; but those on the side of the body are much smaller and closer set than in a typical indian leopard’s , and also browner and altogether less distinct , as if beginning to disappear with age … on the head , down the spine , on the belly and the legs , they are however quite black and distinct . the tail is very confusedly spotted above , but striped below , and has a blackish tip covered with longer hairs . another leonine feature is the dirty white — rather than clear white — tint of the underside , while the ears are fawn with a broad , black bar , but are without the white spot seen in leopards
surpass 10 ft . over all . from its size i guessed it to be about three years old , a year or more short of full size . there is nothing particularly noticeable in its mane , which is small and , except on the cheeks , consists of a mixture of tawny , grey and black hairs , the longest up to about 5 in . in length . … the peculiarity of the skin lies in the distinctness of the pattern of spots , consisting of large ‘jaguarine’ rosettes arranged in obliquely vertical lines and extending over the flanks , shoulders and thighs up to the darker spinal area where they disappear . they are irregular in size and shape , the largest measuring 85 by 45 or 65 by 65 mm . in diameter . their general hue is pale greyish - brown , with slightly darkened centres , but at the periphery they are thrown into relief by the paler tint of the spaces between them . on the pale cream - buff belly , the solid richer buff spots stand out tolerably clearly . the legs are covered with solid spots , more distinct than the rosettes of the flanks , and on the hind legs they are more scattered and a deeper , more smoky grey tint than on the fore legs .
some of these crosses are much better documented than others ( as indicated by the reliability arrow ) . indeed , some might seem completely impossible .
but all have been reported at least once . the links below are to separate articles . additional crosses , not listed here , are covered on the
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leopons have been successfully bred in captivity according to a few sources . the best known were at the koshien hanshin park in nishinomiya city , japan in the 1950s . [ 1 ]
i ' m not at all convinced this pairing could happen in the wild , but i can imagine it might in a zoo . animals are known to exhibit unnatural behaviors in a typical zoo environment . hybrids are usually considered sterile ; a natural biological barrier against occurrences of hybridization . there have been rare instances where the sterility rule didn’t hold .
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it is a real image . published in the daily mirror 28 january 1970 .
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from the rosette markings on this cat , its probably the mix of a lion and jaguar . not a leopard . however , the photo is shopped . the mane is the only indication of any semblance of lion and the distinction is simply to neat . remove the mane , and this is pedigree jaguar . that being said , there are successful jaglions and liguars .
spoiler warning ! this wiki contains detailed information regarding the girls und panzer universe . proceed with caution !
the tiger ( p ) is a german prototype heavy tank with a formidable 8 . 8cm kwk 36 l / 56 gun ; it has excellent firepower and armor protection , but it ' s very unreliable , often suffering from engine breakdowns .
although technically members of the automotive club , they are categorized alongside the other sensha - dō members at ooarai school ' s temporary transfer site .
the tiger ( p ) carries the largest gun in the ooarai sensha - dō arsenal .
in reality , most tiger ( p ) tanks had additional armour plating bolted onto the front . although the automobile club mentions that they have done something similar for the panzer iv , they have not done so for their own tank .
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since their addition into the game , leopons are arguably one of the most popular mutations . not only are they mind numbingly adorable with their art , but they also present a plethora of new breeding challenges . these hybrids are unique among lioden genetics and are accompanied by a swathe of attributes only they possess . their bloodlines can become rather complex and it can be confusing to understand how hybrid genetics all play out . this guide is here to help you understand where leopons come from , how they can be bred , and what inheritance patterns they follow . please note this guide does not and will not provide exact percentages for any breeding and / or mutation rates . only vague proportions will be given to keep some mystery involved in breeding them !
i wonder . . . will there be other hybrids introduced in the game ? 0 . 0 i hope so . : )
omg . so useful thought . : 3 thanks for posting this , cleared things up ! xp but , i have a question . does the mother has to have the rosette marking in order to breed with a leopard ? o . o
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being the color ; leopons have brown spots while leopards are black spotted . when looking at size leopards and lions are relatively the same , a leopons legs are however shorter like that of leopards . another similarity is that the males have manes like that of lions .
when it comes to mating the lioness would normally lie on her side allowing the leopard to mount . it is also believed that mating seldom happens between these two because the lioness when unsedated often times wouldn’t allow the leopard to mount on her . therefore most of the leopons produced are as a result of human doings .
so , hybridization is unlikely in nature because of behavioral differences ? i wonder what dynamics were in play between homo sapiens and homo neanderthalensis back in the day . would a human male find a neanderthal babe hot ? perhaps if he was inibriated , he might not know the difference . rod martin , jr . http : / / www . spacesoftware . net
cross - breed means the animal is of mixed blood ; the animal is often a mix of two different breeds , or a mix of several breeds . these are often referred to as mongrels for dogs , or moggies for cats , mules in sheep , or just known as a cross - breed with other species . cross - breeds often display traits from all the breeds that make up the mix . cross - breeds can reproduce , as they are just different types of the same species .
a cross - breed is different to what is referred to as a hybrid . a hybrid is cross between different species , as with cross - breeds , hybrids often display both physical and personality traits from both parents species . however , hybrids tend to be infertile ( they cannot reproduce their own young ) and therefore the only way to get the particular hybrid is to cross the 2 original species . a few hybrid animal examples are :
it is important to think about this when acquiring a cross - breed as a pet ; if the mix of breeds is known , you can research into them to see the likely physical characteristics , as well as the likely personality traits you may see in your pet .
cross - breeds are becoming increasingly popular with dogs , and cross - bred dogs are being sold as designer breeds . some of the more popular designer dog breeds are :
as you may have noticed , these deisgner breeds have been given their own , new name that combines the 2 breeds they have been crossed with .
due to the fact that cross - breeds have ability to reproduce , there is dispute about designer breeds and what makes them up . take the labradoodle for example , most breeders will only accept a dog as being a labradoodle if it is the first generation ; i . e . one parent is a poodle , the other parent is a labrador . if 2 labradoodles have offspring , most breeders do not class the puppies as labradoodles , but rather as mongrels . if one parent is a labradoodle , and the other is either a poodle or a labrador , the offspring is also termed as being mongrels along most breeders of the designer breed .
aside from the designer cross - breeds , most cross - breeds are not recognised as “breeds” , but rather just referred to as crosses . the crosses from just 2 different breeds that are not designer dogs are easily differentiated by the fact they are referred to as cross - breeds , and do not have their own “breed name” .
often cross - breeds are similar breeds that have been mated , such as the scottish terrier and the west highland terrier . these are 2 similar looking breeds ; similar height , coat , ears , face , as well as having a similar temperament .
however , due to the ability to reproduce , cross - breeds become more and more diluted in breed terms and eventually just get termed as a mongrel . a lot of mongrels are so mixed with breeds that a similarity to any one breed is very hard to see , others have a distinct breed that stands out ; such as the alsatian mix and the tibetan terrier mix , pictured below .
all breeds , including the ones that are now classified as pedigree breeds , have come about from mixing different kinds of canines to get the desired appearance and / or personality out of the animal that the breeder desired . the bedlington terrier for example , is thought to be a mix of ; the rothbury terrier , kerry blue terrier , wheaten terrier ,
otterhound , poodle and the dandie dinmont terrier… so basically a mongrel with a lot of breeds mixed in ! however , nowadays it is its own recognised breed , a pedigree .
dogs may be the most popular animals to mix breeds , but they are certainly not the only ones ! cats , birds , fish , rabbits , rodents , reptiles , sheep , cows , pigs , horses and ponies can all be cross bred ; but some species cross - breeds are more common than others . for example , cross - breed rabbits are fairly common , often due to un - neutered pets having accidental litters !
cats cross - breed often too , however in one litter there can be a different father for each kitten , so the crosses cannot always be determined and may not be known – unless the cross - breeding was intentional and artificially selected . cats are usually bred via artificial selection for their pedigree , so in the way we get designer dog breeds , it is not the same with cats . some cat crosses can be seen clearly , but most are unsure and just get termed as a moggie .
just to clarify – the terms horse and pony refers to the height of the same animal . they are measure in hands high ( hh ) – horses are 14 . 2hh + , whereas ponies are up to ( and including ) 14 . 1hh . horses and ponies are usually selected for their pedigree too , due to needing pure bloodlines for race and show animals . however , there are a few recognised cross - breeds :
there is also a mongrel of horses – a mix breed of many breeds that has come to be recognised as a breed , the pony of the americas ( poa ) .
a lot of people do not believe birds and fish can be cross bred , however this is just due to the occurrence of this being very low ( lower in fish than birds ) . birds can cross breed as long as they belong to the same sub - species ; for example , 2 of the same type ( such as 2 conures , or 2 cockatoos ) of parrot can have offspring , 2 of the same type of aviary bird ( such as a pair of different finch types ) can have offspring , 2 different chicken types can have offspring… and the list goes on . it is just uncommon , but the ability is there .
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check this out ! ! ! i have a zebra heart , instant birth feather and can find some really persistent studs . . . so . . . anyone have 5x yoh barks ? ?
want to breed lioden mutants ? the right items will steer the random cub generator towards mutation . this is a comprehensive list of breeding items . let me know what ' s worked for you in the past ! don ' t forget to add me on lioden : urltoken join the pet simmer clan : urltoken guides used - - common misconceptions : urltoken dem lion scrotums : urltoken how to lion scrotum : urltoken item database : urltoken
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congrats ! you ' ve decided to try and make some adorable little lions to continue on your pride ' s legacy . in order to do that , you ' ll have to be attuned to the breeding of your females . not every lioness is the same as the next and so not every lioness is likely to give you a cub . some are more susceptible to breeding than others and sometimes the genes even get a bit mixed - up . this page talks about the fertility system , how it affects your breeding , and mutations .
fertility is how likely your lioness is to get pregnant when bred . it is a chance or a likelihood . this means you and / or the stud that you are using may have to breed with a lioness multiple times before they get pregnant . a successful breeding could take 5 tries or it could take 500 , depending on her fertility . it also correlates to how
good
your lioness ' genes are . although mutations can occur at all fertility levels , the lower your lioness ' fertility is the more likely she is to produce one .
all cubs , regardless whether they ' re male or female , have a set fertility level . however , it does not manifest itself until adulthood in case you decide to sex - change your male adolescent into a female . once grown , males are considered to have
goddess
fertility levels while females all vary .
if you do not like the fertility of your lioness there are some temporary and permanent ways to alter it .
- choose a new , permanent , fertility . ( infertile / goddess unavailable )
sometimes , during breeding , the genes of the cub get a little messed up ! what comes afterwards can be a wild card . mutations randomly occur when breeding a lioness . although lower fertility levels are more likely to produce a mutation , they can appear at any fertility level . even then , some mutations are more debilitating than others and others are more common . as a general rule , lethal mutations and hybrids tend to be quite rare .