lycodon cavernicolus , also known as gua wang burma wolf snake , is a species of colubrid snake found in peninsular malaysia .

it was first described in 2014 .

lycodon cavernicolus

aínda ninguén contribuíu con rexistros de datos para lycodon cavernicolus . aprende a contribuír .
top : jaw of lycodon aulicus from jackson & fritts 2004 middle : lycodon zoosvictoriae from neang et al . 2014 bottom : lycodon cavernicolus from grismer et al . 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar m . s . , muin , wood & nor 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar m . s . , muin , wood & nor , 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar , muin , wood & nor , 2014 , sp . nov . - plazi treatmentbank
regions according to the tdwg standard , where < em > lycodon cavernicolus < / em > occurs , not a & nbsp ; precise distribution map .
note that this is not a & nbsp ; precise distribution map , but region standardised by tdwg world geographical schema , where < em > lycodon cavernicolus < / em > occurs .
figure 4 . left : ventral pattern of the holotype of lycodon cavernicolus sp . nov . lsuhc 9985 . right : ventral pattern of the paratype lsuhc 10500 . photos by l . l . grismer
lycodon cavernicolus , grismer , l . lee , quah , evan s . h . , anuar , shahrul , muin , mohd abdul , wood , perry l . & nor , siti azizah mohd , 2014
lycodon
. the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .
lycodon zawi
. the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .
the specific epithet “cavernicolus” is an adjective derived from the latin caverna meaning “cave” and the latin cola meaning “dweller of” and refers to this species being a cave - dweller .
nota bene : a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than lycodon .
hans - martin braun added the english common name
mountain wolf snake
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
berg - wolfszahnnatter
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
white plum blossom snake
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
siler et al . ( 2013 ) concluded that dinodon species are nested within the lycodon tree and noted that dinodon ( the more recently described genus ) should therefore be treated as a junior synonym of lycodon . based on their own molecular phylogenetic studies , guo et al . ( 2013 ) also suggested that dinodon should be synonymized with lycodon . lei et al . ( 2014 ) also found that dinodon species are nested within lycodon . based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses , lei et al . further concluded that oligodon multizonatum ( an endemic species known from sichuan and possibly gansu provinces in china ) actually falls within lycodon as well .
lanza , b . ( 1999 ) a new species of lycodon from the philippines , with a key to the genus . tropical zoology , 12 , 89–104 .
gaulke , m . 2002 . a new species of lycodon from panay island , philippines ( reptilia , serpentes , colubridae ) . spixiana , 25 , 85–92 .
lanza , b . 1999 . a new species of lycodon from the philippines , with a key to the genus ( reptilia serpentes colubridae ) . tropical zoology , 12 , 89–104 .
jackson , k . and t . h . fritts . 2004 . dentitional specialisations for durophagy in the common wolf snake , lycodon aulicus capucinus . amphibia - reptilia 25 : 247 - 254 < link >
vogel , g . & luo , j . ( 2011 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( boie , 1826 ) from the southwestern china ( squamata : colubridae ) . zootaxa , 2807 , 29–40 .
lei , j . , x . sun , k . jiang , et al . 2014 . multilocus phylogeny of lycodon and the taxonomic revision of oligodon multizonatum . asian herpetological research 5 ( 1 ) : 26–37 .
vogel , g . & david , p . ( 2010 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( boie , 1826 ) from yunnan province , china ( serpentes : colubridae ) . bonn zoological bulletin , 57 , 289–296 .
guo , p . , l . zhang , q . liu , et al . 2013 . lycodon and dinodon : one genus or two ? evidence from molecular phylogenetics and morphological comparisons . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 68 : 144–149 .
a new species of the genus lycodon fitzinger , 1826 is described from the cardamom mountains of southwest cambodia . lycodon zoosvictoriae distinctly differs from all other species of lycodon in southeast asia by a combination of its morphometric characters and unique coloration . the new species has 17 dorsal scales at midbody ; 2 + 2 temporals ; 8 supralabials ; 10 infralabials ; loreal separated from internasal and orbit ; 213 ventrals ; 85 subcaudals ; pale tan brown ground color ; irregular dark brown blotches on anterior part , 31 transverse blotches on posterior part of body and 26 blotches on tail . given its submontane type locality , the new species could prove to be endemic to the cardamom mountains of southwestern cambodia and probably southeast thailand .
figure 3 . dorsal ( upper ) and lateral ( lower ) head views of the holotype of lycodon cavernicolus sp . nov . lsuhc 9985 showing the location of head scales . f = frontal ; if = infralabial ; in = internasal ; l = loreal ; lat = lower anterior temporal ; lpt = lower posterior temporal ; m = mental ; mpt = middle posterior temporal ; n = nasal ; p = parietal ; pf = prefrontal ; po = postocular ; pp = postparietal ; pro = preocular ; r = rostral ; sl = supralabial ; so = suprocular ; uat = upper anterior temporal ; and upt = upper posterior temporal .
zhang , j . , jiang , k . , vogel , g . & rao , d . ( 2011 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( squamata : colubridae ) from sichuan province , china . zootaxa , 2982 , 59–68 .
siler , c . d . , c . h . oliveros , a . santanen , and r . m . brown . 2013 . multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta , 42 : 262–277 .
siler , c . d . , oliveros , c . h . , santanen , a . & brown , r . m . ( 2013 ) multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta , 42 , 262–277 . urltoken
siler , c . d . , c . h . oliveros , a . santanen , and r . m . brown . 2013 . multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta 42 ( 3 ) : 262 - 277 .
vogel , g . , nguyen , t . q . , kingsada , p . & ziegler , t . ( 2012 ) a new species of the genus lycodon boie , 1826 from laos ( squamata : colubridae ) . north - western journal of zoology , 8 , 344–352 .
regarding inferences about the historical biogeography of lycodon , siler et al . ( 2013 ) note that with few exceptions , the results observed in their study are consistent with many of the biogeographic expectations for vertebrates in asia and the philippines ( see siler et al . 2013 for details and discussion ) .
neang , t . , t . hartmann , s . hun , n . j . souter , and n . m . furey . 2014 . a new species of wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from phnom samkos wildlife sanctuary , cardamom mountains , southwest cambodia . zootaxa 3814 : 68 - 80 < link >
grismer , l . lee ; evan s . h . quah , shahrul anuar m . s , , mohd abdul muin , perry l . wood , jr & siti azizah mohd nor 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3815 ( 1 ) : 051–067
fitzinger li . 1826 . neue classification der reptilien nach ihren natürlichen verwandtschaften . nebst einer verwandtschafts - tafel und einem verzeichnisse der reptilien - sammlung des k . k . zoologischen museums zu wien . vienna : j . g . heubner , five unnumbered + 67 pp . + one plate . ( lycodon , new genus , p . 57 ) . ( in german and latin ) .
grismer , l . lee , quah , evan s . h . , anuar , shahrul , muin , mohd abdul , wood , perry l . & nor , siti azizah mohd , 2014 , a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia , zootaxa 3815 ( 1 ) , pp . 51 - 67 : 56 - 61
grismer , l . l . , e . s . h . quah , s . anuar , m . a . muin , p . l . wood jr , and s . a . m . nor . 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3815 : 51 - 67 < link >
boulenger ga . 1893 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) , volume i . , containing the families . . . colubridæ aglyphæ , part . . london : trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) . ( taylor and francis , printers ) . xiii + 448 pp . + plates i - xxviii . ( genus lycodon , p . 348 , figure 23 ) .
vogel , g . , david , p . , pauwels , o . s . g . , sumontha m . , norval g . , hendrix , r . , vu , n . t . & ziegler , t . ( 2009 ) a revision of lycodon ruhstrati ( fischer 1886 ) auctorum ( squamata colubridae ) , with the description of a new species from thailand and a new subspecies from the asian mainland . tropical zoology , 22 , 131–182 .
type locality : gua wang burma , perlis state park , perlis , peninsular malaysia ( 6°41 . 594n 100°11 . 400e at 175 m elevation ) .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
holotype : lsuhc 9985 , adult female , collected on 12 march 2011 by evan s . h . quah and shahrul anuar m . s . paratype . juvenile male ( lsuhc 10500 ) has the same data as the holotype except for being collected on 23 may 2010 .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
, named for large teeth in both jaws . asian wolf snakes are placed in the genera
, is a small , drab species with a metallic sheen and lives chiefly on lizards . it can grow to lengths of about 50 cm ( 20 inches ) . the
snake , ( suborder serpentes ) , any of more than 3 , 400 species of reptiles distinguished by their limbless condition and greatly elongated body and tail . classified with lizards in the order squamata , snakes represent a lizard that , over the course of evolution , has undergone structural reduction , …
reptile , any member of the class reptilia , the group of air - breathing vertebrates that have internal fertilization , amniotic development , and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body . the major groups of living reptiles—the turtles ( order testudines ) , tuatara ( order rhynchocephalia…
vertebrate , any animal of the subphylum vertebrata , the predominant subphylum of the phylum chordata . they have backbones , from which they derive their name . the vertebrates are also characterized by a muscular system consisting pimarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system…
chordate , any member of the phylum chordata , which includes the vertebrates , the most highly evolved animals , as well as two other subphyla—the tunicates and cephalochordates . some classifications also include the phylum hemichordata with the chordates . as the name implies , at some time in the life…
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new & recent described flora & fauna species from all over the world esp . asia , oriental , indomalayan & malesiana region
grismer , l . l . , evan s . h . quah , shahrul a . m . s . , mohd . a . muin , perry j . l . wood & siti a . m . nor . 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae :
ป้ายกำกับ : 2014 , asia , author : l . l . grismer , author : quah , conservation , herpetology - frog ; reptile snake , karst - limestone , peninsular malaysia , peninsular thailand , serpentes - snake , southeast asia , zootaxa
wuodendron b . xue , y . h . tan & chaowasku wuodendron praecox ( hook . f . & thomson ) b . xue , y . h . tan & x . l . hou in xue , tan . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] begonia fulgurata | ดาดดารารัศมี • a new species ( sect . diploclinium , begoniaceae ) from chiang mai , northern thailand
begonia fulgurata c . - i peng , c . w . lin & phutthai ดาดดารารัศมี | | doi : 10 . 3767 / blumea . 2017 . 62 . 03 . 01 urltoken be . . .
chamaelirium viridiflorum l . wang , z . c . liu & w . b . liao in liu , feng , wang & liao , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / phytotaxa . 357 . . . .
great - billed seed - finch sporophila maximiliani ( cabanis , 1851 ) in ubaid , silveira , medolago , et . al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / . . .
endocerids with their filtering apparatus in mironenko , 2018 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2018 . 1491565 reconstruction by andre . . .
aristolochia tongbiguanensis j . y . shen , q . b . gong & s . landrein in gong , landrein , xi , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 6165 / tai . . . .
bagualosaurus agudoensis pretto , langer & schultz , 2018 doi : 10 . 1093 / zoolinnean / zly028 illustration : jorge blanco c . . .
the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of ceratosaurs based on current topologies . the main source is from wang et al . ( 2016 . . .
nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao , 1936 in takasaki , chiba , kobayashi , et al . , 2018 ニッポノサウルス | | doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2017 . . . .
begonia medogensis jianw . li , y . h . tan & x . h . jin in li , tan , wang , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 3897 / phytokeys . 103 . 25392 . . .
on this day ( july 10th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anomaloglossus meansi : a new species of cryptic forest frog from the wokomung and ayanganna sky islands of southern guyana .
the benefits and costs of academic travel . or
there and back again ; again and again
canon renueva su gama de 70 - 200 mm f : 2 . 8 y f : 4
plants go extinct , but sometimes species are rediscovered . this one after 151 years .
i ' m killing antediluvian salad but even in death there is rebirth . . .
necps carnivorous plant show : sept . 9 - 10 at tower hill botanical garden
this is a particularly beautiful species of centrolenid - the granular glass frog , cochranella granulosa .
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urltoken
l . lee grismer department of biology , la sierra university , 4500 riverwalk parkway , riverside , california 92515 usa .
evan s . h . quah school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
shahrul anuar m . s school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia . center for marine and coastal studies , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 minden , pulau pinang , malaysia
mohd abdul muin school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
perry jr l . wood department of biology , brigham young university , 150 east bulldog boulevard , provo , utah 84602 usa .
siti azizah mohd nor school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
l . lee grismer , evan s . h . quah , shahrul anuar m . s , mohd abdul muin , perry jr l . wood , siti azizah mohd nor
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grismer , l . l , , belabut , d . m , quah , e . s . h . , chan , k . o . , wood , p . l . jr . & hasim , r . ( 2014c ) a new species of karst forest - adapted bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ) belonging to the c . sworderi complex from a threatened karst forest in perak , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3755 ( 5 ) , 434–446 . urltoken
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9985 ) collected on 12 march 2011 by evan s . h . quah and shahrul anuar m . s . from gua wang burma , perlis state park , perlis , peninsular malaysia ( 6 ° 41 . 594 n 100 ° 11 . 400 e at 175 m in elevation ) .
10500 ) has the same data as the holotype except for being collected on 23 may 2010 .
groups by having the combination of an elongate loreal scale that enters the orbit ; 245 ( male ) and 232 ( female ) ventral scales ; 113 ( male ) and 92 ( female ) paired subcaudal scales ; a single precloacal plate ; nine or 10 supralabials ; 10 or 11 infralabials ; a maximum total length of 508 mm for the single female ; relative tail length 0 . 25–0 . 27 ; venter immaculate as juveniles and with dark edging on the posterior margins of the ventral scales in adults ; and bands in juveniles that are white ( tables 2 , 3 ) .
–5 ) . head flattened anteriorly , distinct from the neck ; snout elongate ; nostril oval , large , in the middle of the nasal ; eye large , with a vertically elliptic pupil ; rostral triangular , hardly visible from above ; nasal vertically divided by a furrow along posterior margin of nostril ; two square internasals , in wide , medial contact , and in contact with two large , subrectangular prefrontals posteriorly ; single , azygous , subpentagonal frontal , longer than wide ; two large , elongate parietals , contacted laterally by upper anteriror and posterior temporals and a larger paraparietal ; 1 / 1 wide , triangular supraocular ; 1 / 1 small preocular , located above the posterior portion of loreal ; 2 / 2 postoculars of similar size ; 1 / 1 narrow , elongate loreal entering orbit , in contact with second , third , and fourth supralabials ventrally , the prefrontal and preocular dorsally , the nasal anteriorly ; 9 / 10 supralabials all higher than wide except last scale in the series ; first and second supralabials in contact with nasal ; fourth , fifth , and sixth supralabials entering orbit ; seventh supralabial largest ; upper row of two ( long anterior and short posterior ) temporals ; lower row of three ( two anterior and one posterior ) temporals ; a middle posterior temporal ventral to upper posterior temporal and dorsal to lower posterior temporal ; posterior temporals smaller than anterior temporals ; 11 / 11 infralabials ; first pair of infralabials separated medially by deep , medial groove ; first five infralabials in contact with first pair of chinshields ; anterior and posterior pair of chinshields elongate , generally same size and shape , and bearing a deep , medial groove that is confluent with groove separating first pair of infralabials .
body elongate , somewhat laterally compressed ; svl 406 mm ; tal 102 mm ; tl 508 mm . 232 ventrals ( plus two preventrals ) , 92 paired , subcaudals ; anal single ; dorsal scales in 17 – 17 – 15 rows , the eight medial rows weakly keeled ; vertebral row not enlarged ; no apical pits .
, 5 ) . body and tail nearly uniformly light - brown ; body bearing 36 faint , lighter colored bands ; tail bearing 29 similarly colored bands ; head coloration same as that of the faint bands ; venter ground color beige ; posterior edges of ventral scales edged in light - brown , generally beginning with ventral scale 40 ; subcaudals mottled with light - brown .
from throughout its range are listed in table 3 . the paratype is a hatchling and bears a bold , contrasting , dorsal color pattern similar to that of juvenile
( fig . 5 ) . its venter however , is nearly immaculate unlike the holotype whose ventrals are edged posteriorly with dark - brown ( fig . 4
) . it also has 45 irregularly shaped , whitish bands with darkened centers on the body and 41 similarly colored caudal bands . a wide , white band covers the occipital and posterior temporal regions . the anterior 11 bands on the body are more widely separated and distinct than the posterior body and caudal bands . presumably , the banding pattern fades considerably with maturity as in
” is an adjective derived from the latin caverna meaning “cave” and the latin cola meaning “dweller of” and refers to this species being a cave - dweller .
natural history . both the holotype and paratype were found deep within gua wang burma cave approximately 200 m from the cave entrance ( fig . 6
) . both specimens were found at approximately 1100 hrs . the holotype was observed scaling a vertical wall approximately 2 m above the ground while exploring nooks and crevices . she was gravid but expelled two eggs soon after capture . the paratype was found crawling over a slanting cave wall approximately 3 m above the ground in a more exposed area . other species of amphibians and reptiles observed in the cave or near the cave entrance were the bufonid
sp . nov . extends through march . the only potential food source we found deep within cave is
( juvelies ) which are also known to occur on the cave walls ( grismer et al . 2012 ) .
group by having a single loreal scale that enters the orbit as opposed to the loreal scale not entering the orbit . from the species of the
group it differs by having more ventral scales ( 232–245 vs . 182–227 collectively ) ; more subcaudal scales in the male ( 113 vs . 65–92 collectively ) ; a much smaller adult female total length ( 508 vs . 615–762 collectively ) ; more caudal bands ( 29–41 vs . 7–23 collectively ) ; and a belly pattern that lacks wide , dark bands or dark spots ( table 2 ) .
by the loreal and internasals being separat as opposed to contacting and having an uncorrected p - distance of 9 . 3 % ( table 4 ) .
figure 6 . microhabitat inside the gua wang burma cave at the type locality in perlis state park , perlis . photos by l . l . grismer .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
update 1st june , 2018 : we just set up snake _ id , a cool new page that simplifies snake identification . be sure to check it out !
images provided by flickr - / inaturalist - api . sporadic false assignments may occur .
? ? ? to ? ? ? meter above sea level ( a . s . l . )
© 2002–2012 mdi biological laboratory . all rights reserved . © 2012–2018 mdi biological laboratory & nc state university . all rights reserved . data updated june 26 , 2018 revision 15488
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the phylogenetic results of siler et al . ( 2013 ) provide evidence of deeply divergent lineages within some taxa ( l . effraensis , l . subcinctus ) that may represent cryptic species . some of the lineage diversity revealed appears to correspond to taxonomic entities previously identified ( currently recognized as subspecies or synonyms ) and some does not . on the other hand , as noted above , genetic results suggest that species diversity within several clades may be overestimated , rather than underestimated , by current taxonomic treatments . between these two extremes lie species with moderate genetic structure observed among populations ( l . muelleri , l . aulicus complex ) .
( guo et al . 2013 and references therein ; siler et al . 2013 and references therein )
pyron , r . a . , h . k . dushantha kandambi , c . r . hendry , et al . 2013 . genus - level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in sri lanka . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 66 : 969–978 .
mish fc ( editor in chief ) . 2004 . merriam - webster ' s collegiate dictionary , eleventh edition . springfield , massachusetts : merriam - webster , incorporated . 40a + 1 , 623 pp . isbn 0 - 87779 - 809 - 5 . (
lycopodium
, p . 742 ;
odonate
p . 860 ) .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a72cb320 - 8375 - 4854 - 942f - a025734f852e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : beb61503 - f9a1 - 4ef9 - 9f01 - 7ea999f95966
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e5cdd7ed - 6fcf - 491e - 92a8 - d1955d939986
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c54c823c - 2131 - 48c0 - 8875 - b4af04a48cb6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 246472
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neang thy , timo hartmann , seiha hun , nicholas j . souter , neil m . furey . 2014 . a new species of wolf snake ( colubridae :
for professional , respectful , and non - lethal snake removal and consultation services in your town , try wildlife removal usa .
although cyrtodactylus vilaphongi was the 10 , 000th reptile species for a while , the order and position of entries in the reptile database is constantly changing . although new species get added to the end of the list , it ' s common for two or more existing species to get synonymized or merged , which moves the position of all subsequent species up . furthermore , sometimes species that were described long ago and subsequently synonymized are revalidated , leading to ' new ' species that aren ' t really new in the sense that they have existed before . finally , often existing species get split up , leading to additions that aren ' t as dramatic as legitimate new discoveries . this last complication is on the rise now that molecular systematics has enabled us to describe the cryptic diversity of some lineages , which are not all that morphologically distinct but may contain considerable genetic diversity .
at the time of my email to peter last month , c . vilaphongi was the 9988th species , and ( happily ) , a new snake , siphlophis ayauma , was # 10 , 000 . although this has probably changed again by now , i ' m going to operate under the assumption that , since we can ' t really say with certainty that any particular species was # 10 , 000 , if it was a snake , it was probably one of the 11 brand new snake species that have been described so far this year . you can read about many of these on the blog ' species new to science ' , but i ' m going to highlight them in a little more detail here .
eutrachelophis bassleri and its weird penis from myers & mcdowell 2014 a color photo of e . bassleri was published in echevarría & venegas 2015
harvey bassler , a petroleum geologist , explored many of the amazon ' s upper tributaries for his work during the 1920s and 30s , during which time he collected over 4 , 200 snakes on the side . bassler deposited his magnificent collection in the american museum of natural history in 1934 , and on march 6th this year
has extremely unusual heimpenes tipped with a dome - like structure so strange ( at least within the world of snake hemipenes ) that the authors wrote
we have seen nothing quite like [ it ] .
hemipenes were traditionally considered one of the most taxonomically - important structures in snakes
because they were considered to be evolutionarily neutral ( that is , unlikely to change in response to selection ) , but a growing awareness that evolution by both natural and especially sexual selection can influence the morphology of male genitalia led these authors to recognize that these two snakes were in fact close relatives . although we await molecular confirmation , the authors propose a mechanism by which differential expression of
on january 12th , 2008 , a group of american and ecuadorian herpetologists stopped for lunch at a grilled - chicken restaurant in paute , azuay province , ecuador . they noticed a peculiar sun - faded snake on display in a jar of alcohol that they couldn ' t quite put a name to . following negotiation with the restaurant owner , the specimen was acquired and determined to belong to the genus
, but could not be identified to any known species . a few months later , another specimen was found alive about 100 miles to the north , and two more were discovered in 2011 about the same distance to the south . a fifth individual is now recognized to have been hiding out unnoticed in the collection of the museo de zoología , pontificia universidad católica del ecuador . because of its red - banded head and its occurrence in the mountains near cold ( achachay ) streams , the new species was named
after the kichwa spirit aya uma , a good spirit devil who derives strength from nature , particularly from cold mountain pacchas ( cascades ) and is represented in kichwa folklore as having a colorful red - banded head . this is the seventh species in the genus , the third species known from ecuador , and the first new species of
.
amaru
means
snake
in kichwa , and is also the name of a snake deity who influences water and the economy . this diurnal snake lays clutches of 9 - 13 eggs underground in galleries and under decaying logs , and probably eats frogs and lizards . it is a close relative of the
) are a small and unusual group of vipers found in sub - saharan africa . they were once thought to be the most primitive vipers and were placed in their own subfamily , but they are now grouped with the
after the late jens rasmussen , a dutch expert on african snakes who died in 2005 . this species is found only in the watershed between the congo and zambezi basins , where it co - occurs with three other species of
from northwestern zambia with black markings and low ventral scale counts . in 2013 , someone sent him a picture of one eating a toad ( another unusual adaptation that night adders share with
) , which prompted him to look again at the unusual specimens and describe them as a new species . few molecular data are available for
brazil is graced with nearly 400 species of snakes , including 30 of the world ' s ~ 80 species of coralsnakes . the morphology of coralsnakes is highly variable , and there are many misidentified specimens in museum collections , so it is often difficult to recognize new species . a group of brazilian herpetologists working on the tri - colored coralsnakes from the endangered northeastern coastal forests discovered a new species , which they described in the june 5th issue of
( if any of these dates are your birthday , then you share a birthday with that of a new species of snake ! ) .
) are named for their fearsome - looking fang - like anterior maxillary teeth . unlike
, wolfsnake teeth are not grooved or hollow and they have no venom . instead , their strongly arched upper jaw helps them feed on skinks , whose hard , cylindrical bodies fit snugly into their diastema , or the gap between their anterior and posterior teeth . the wolf - like anterior teeth keep the skink from being squeezed out of the mouth , while the posterior teeth slice through the skink ' s cycloid scales . at least 16 of the nearly 60 species of
from a limestone cave in peninsular malaysia . the latter is a cave - adapted species , both specimens of which were found climbing several feet above the cave floor , in total darkness . it ' s likely that they eat a cave - adapted gecko . many of the caves in this region are in immediate danger of being quarried for cement before their endemic fauna and flora can be fully documented . both of these species were also described in
, with the stated goal of aiding conservation efforts by circumventing the lengthy delays normally associated with publication of new science . since its inception in 2001 ,
cloudogram
of crotalus triseriatus species group showing the new nine - species arrangement from bryson et al . 2014
species group , which contains small montane rattlesnakes found in mexico and the southwestern usa . although five species were historically recognized within the group , an analysis of seven nuclear genes revealed that there are at least nine species , including two that were previously recognized as subspecies and two more that have not heretofore been formally recognized . the paper described the two new species :
. the authors of this paper suggest that these rattlesnakes speciated rapidly from a single common ancestor during the uplifting of the trans - mexican volcanic belt near the end of the neogene period 2 . 6 million years ago , which makes sense because they are not very mobile and populations of their common ancestor likely would have become isolated from one another on various
sky islands
of suitable habitat during the genesis of this new mountain range . many species are endemic to the high - altitude pine - oak forests and grasslands of this region , which has become famous
( 10 or 12 ) , the central pair of which are strongly keeled , giving the snake a distinctly flat - backed appearance . this species is found in riparian forests along rocky streams in coastal brazil , not too far south of the new coralsnake ( above ) .
, from near the border of china , india , and burma . which is relatively closely related to the
) . more new species from both of these groups will likely follow , given the taxonomic untidiness of their genera .
thanks to peter uetz at the reptile database for sharing with me some inside information , and to the authors of these papers for their photos .
newspaper clipping from 10 january 1960 showing broadley with his amputated finger . you can see more at the finger ' s facebook page or listen to broadley describe the experience here .
angarita - sierra , t . 2014 . hemipenial morphology in the semifossorial snakes of the genus ninia and a new species from trinidad , west indies ( serpentes : dipsadidae ) . south american journal of herpetology 9 : 114 - 130 < link >
broadley , d . g . 2014 . a new species of causus lichtenstein from the congo / zambezi watershed in north - western zambia ( reptilia : squamata : viperidae ) . arnoldia zimbabwe 10 : 341 - 350 < link >
bryson , r . j . , c . w . linkem , m . e . dorcas , a . lathrop , j . m . jones , j . alvarado - diaz , c . i . grunwald , and r . w . murphy . 2014 . multilocus species delimitation in the crotalus triseriatus species group ( serpentes : viperidae : crotalinae ) , with the description of two new species . zootaxa 3826 : 475 - 496 < link >
cope , e . d . 1895 . the classification of the ophidia . transactions of the american philosophical society 18 : 186 - 219 < link >
dowling , h . g . 1967 . hemipenes and other characters in colubrid classification . herpetologica 23 : 138–142 < link >
guo , p . , q . liu , l . zhang , j . x . li , y . huang , and r . a . pyron . 2014 . a taxonomic revision of the asian keelback snakes , genus amphiesma ( serpentes : colubridae : natricinae ) , with description of a new species . zootaxa 3873 : 425 - 440 < link >
fernandes , d . and b . hamdan . 2014 . a new species of chironius fitzinger , 1826 from the state of bahia , northeastern brazil ( serpentes : colubridae ) . zootaxa 3881 : 563 - 575 < link >
köhler , g . and m . kieckbusch . 2014 . two new species of atractus from colombia ( reptilia , squamata , dipsadidae ) . zootaxa 3872 : 291 - 300 < link >
linnaeus , c . 1758 . systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . tomus i . editio decima , reformata . [ 10th ed . ] . laurentii salvii , holmiae , stockholm , sweden < link >
myers , c . w . and s . b . mcdowell . 2014 . new taxa and cryptic species of neotropical snakes ( xenodontinae ) , with commentary on hemipenes as generic and specific characters . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 385 : 1 - 112 < link >
pires , m . g . , n . j . da silva jr . , d . t . feitosa , a . l . d . c . prudente , g . a . p . filho , and h . zaher . 2014 . a new species of triadal coral snake of the genus micrurus wagler , 1824 ( serpentes : elapidae ) from northeastern brazil . zootaxa 3811 : 569 - 585 < link >
salazar - valenzuela , d . , o . torres - carvajal , and p . passos . 2014 . a new species of atractus ( serpentes : dipsadidae ) from the andes of ecuador . herpetologica 70 : 350 - 363 < link >
schneider , n . , t . q . nguyen , m . d . le , l . nophaseud , m . bonkowski , and t . ziegler . 2014 . a new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from the karst forest of northern laos . zootaxa 3835 : 80 - 97 < link >
sheehy , c . m . , m . h . yánez - muñoz , j . h . valencia , and e . n . smith . 2014 . a new species of siphlophis ( serpentes : dipsadidae : xenodontinae ) from the eastern andean slopes of ecuador . south american journal of herpetology 9 : 30 - 45 < link >
teynié , a . , a . lottier , p . david , t . q . nguyen , and g . vogel . 2014 . a new species of the genus opisthotropis günther , 1872 from northern laos ( squamata : natricidae ) . zootaxa 3774 : 165 - 183 < link >
uetz , p . 2010 . the original descriptions of reptiles . zootaxa 2334 : 59 - 68 < link >
vogel , g . , p . david , and i . sidik . 2014 . on trimeresurus sumatranus ( raffles , 1822 ) , with the designation of a neotype and the description of a new species of pitviper from sumatra ( squamata : viperidae : crotalinae ) . amphibian and reptile conservation 8 : 1–29 < link >
zaher , h . , j . c . arredondo , j . h . valencia , e . arbeláez , m . t . rodrigues , and m . altamirano - benavides . 2014 . a new andean species of philodryas ( dipsadidae , xenodontinae ) from ecuador . zootaxa 3785 : 469–480 < link >
zhu , g . - x . , y . - y . wang , h . takeuchi , and e . - m . zhao . 2014 . a new species of the genus rhabdophis fitzinger , 1843 ( squamata : colubridae ) from guangdong province , southern china . zootaxa 3765 : 469 - 481 < link >
another fascinating post . changing taxonomy plays havoc with people who try to keep a tally of the reptiles that they have encountered . i try to maintain a bird list and keep track of it all on , ebird . they drive me nuts by constantly informing me that i need to update my records to reflect changes in bird taxonomy . i do not even try to remember all the new names of old bird species . i have no idea what my real life list is .
thanks john ! i agree , it is quite complicated . i use ebird as well , and i have to admit that i ' ve found the way they handle taxonomy to be quite painless . i ' ve heard that this is not the case on other bird life - listing websites , however .
i am a phd student at utah state university , where i study the physiology and ecology of lizards and snakes . my research is quite narrow compared to the fascinating field of snake ecology , which i write about here to indulge my broader interests . my work brings me into frequent contact with the need for snake conservation , which requires holistic conservation of ecosystem structure and function , on which human society depends . i believe that we can only accomplish this goal through education , and that is partly why i decided to publish this blog . the title is a quote by david quammen , one of the best science writers around , and the mudsnake in the logo is from duméril , bibron , & duméril ' s nine - volume early 19th century opus , erpétologie générale .
click here to read this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español ! figure from laszlo 1975 recently somebod . . .
if you have found a snake shed that you wish to identify in the usa or canada , click here for a guide . click here to view the spanish . . .
click here to view this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para ver este blog en español ! i noticed that a huge proportion of the hits on . . .
click here to read this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español ! solenoglyphous fangs of a gaboon viper snake . . .
click here to read this post in spanish haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español global distribution of all snake species combin . . .
continent : asia distribution : taiwan , china ( jiangxi , fujian , guangdong , northward to anhui and west to sichuan [ elevation 800 - 1850 m ] and se gansu ) , n vietnam ( elevation 500 - 1500 m ) ruhstrati : taiwan ( endemic ) abditus : type locality : u bo region , phong nha – ke bang np , quang binh province , vietnam . type locality : süd - formosa [ = south taiwan ] , china .


it is found in china ( sichuan ) .

the length of the forewings is 9-10 mm .

auzata semilucida

this is the place for semilucida definition . you find here semilucida meaning , synonyms of semilucida and images for semilucida copyright 2017 © urltoken
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auzata semilucida is a moth in the drepanidae family . it was described by chu and wang in 1988 . it is found in china ( sichuan ) .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word semilucida . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word semilucida and , of course , semilucida synonyms and on the right images related to the word semilucida .
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the length of the forewings is 9 - 10 mm . adults have a large translucent patch on the hindwings .
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bhou io xiang henordokcidenia kolegio de agrikulturo la shaanxi - a ir . stltuto de zoologio ; studo drepanedoj el shaanxi provinco ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) [ j ] ; entomotaxonomia ; 1982 - 04
chou io xiang he nordokcidenta kolegio de agrikulturo , wugong , shaanxi . la shaanxi - a instituto de zoologio , xi ' an , shaanxi . ; studo de drepanedoj el yunnan provinco ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) [ j ] ; entomotaxonomia ; 1984 - z1
guo zheng - fu ~ 1 , ding dong - sun ~ 2 ( 1 . jiangxi provincial academy of forestry , nanchang , jiangxi 330046 , china ; 2 . jiangxi provincial station of forest disease and pest control , nanchang , jiangxi 330077 , china ) ; butterfly fauna analysis of the natural reservation of guanshan , jiangxi province [ j ] ; entomological journal of east china ; 2005 - 02
xie xiao - jian1 , ren ze - jun1 , ding dong - sun1 , lin yu - jian2 ( 1 . forest pest control station of jiangxi province , nanchang , 330077 ; 2 . college of agronomy , jiangxi agriculture university , nanchang 330045 ) ; the species of lymantriidae insects from jiangxi province [ j ] ; jiangxi plant protection ; 2007 - 01
ding dongsun1 , zhu xianchao2 , huang xianlin3 , qiu ningfang1 ( 1 . jiangxi forest pest control station , nanchang jiangxi 330077 , china ; 2 . leqing city yandang town forest station , leqing zhejiang 325614 , china ; 3 . leqing city xiangyang town forest station , leqing zhejiang 325619 , china ) ; tettigonioidae and geographical distributions of insect from jiangxi lushan nature reserve [ j ] ; jiangxi forestry science and technology ; 2007 - 03
zhen benguang1 , chen chunquang1 , zhuo chuansen1 , cheng yong1 , jia fenghai2 ( 1 . jinggang mountain national reserve management bureau , ji ' an jiangxi 343600 , china ; 2 . nanchang university , nanchan jiangxi 330031 , china ) ; lepidoptera lycaenidae new records in jiangxi [ j ] ; jiangxi forestry science and technology ; 2007 - 04
song hong - min1 , 2 , zhang qing - fen1 , han xue - mei1 , xu yan1 , 3 , xu ru - mei 1 * * ( 1 ministry of education laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering , beijing normal university , beijing 100875 , china ; 2 ministry of laboratory for biological - active substances and functional food , beijing union university , beijing 100083 , china ; 3 institute of animal and plant quarantine , administry of quality supervise and inspection and quarantine , beijing 100029 , china ) ; climex : professional biological software for predicting potential distribution of species . [ j ] ; entomological knowledge ; 2004 - 04
liu yuanfu , associate professor ( the research institute of tropical forestry , caf guangzhou 510520 ) . ; the insect fauna of the jianfengling forest area , hainan island - - thyrididae [ j ] ; forest research ; 1993 - 03
ding dong - sun1 , zeng zhi - jie1 , chen chun - fa1 , lin yu - jian2 , wu he - ping3 , xu xiang - rong3 , yu ze - ping3 ( 1 . forest pest control and quarantine bureau of jiangxi , nanchang 330077 , jiangxi , china ; 2 . jiangxi agricultural university , nanchang 330045 , jiangxi , china ; 3 . guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi , yifeng 336300 , jiangxi , china ) ; insect fauna analysis of guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi [ j ] ; forest research ; 2009 - 03
©2006 tsinghua tongfang knowledge network technology co . , ltd . ( beijing ) ( ttkn ) all rights reserved
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by hong - fu chu and lin - yao wang in 1988 . it is


it is found in the regions of los gatos ( osomo province ) , antofagasta ( antofagasta province ) , atacama ( chanaral and huasco provinces ) , coquimbo ( el qui , limari , and choapa provinces ) , valparaiso ( petorca and los andes provinces ) , santiago ( santiago province ) , o'higgins ( cachapoal province ) , maule ( curico , talca , and linares provinces ) and biobio ( nuble province ) in chile .

the length of the forewings is about 7 – 8.5 mm for males and 7 – 10.5 mm for females .

eupithecia sibylla

sibylla rubens studied voice ( concert and opera ) at the staatliche musikhochschule in trossingen and at the hochschule für musik in frankfurt and in master classes with edith mathis .
sibylla schwarz , also known as sibylle schwartz [ in ] ( 14 february 1621 in greifswald – 31 july 1638 in greifswald ) was a german poet of the baroque era .
vargas , h . a . ; l . e . parra ; h . e . vargas & d . e . bobadilla . 2002 . aspectos biológicos de eupithecia sibylla buttler 1882 ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) . gayana 66 : 103 _ 106 . [ links ]
168 sibylla is a large main - belt asteroid , discovered by canadian - american astronomer j . c . watson on september 28 , 1876 . based upon its spectrum this object is classified as a c - type asteroid , which indicates it is very dark and composed of primitive carbonaceous materials . 168 sibylla is a cybele asteroid , orbiting beyond most of the main - belt asteroids .
herbulot , c . 2001 . on neotropical eupithecia . spixiana 24 : 196 . [ links ]
the eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of chile . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 186 , article 3
etymology . eupithecia landryi is named in honor of dr . bernard landry by his outstanding contributions on lepidoptera of the galapagos islands , ecuador .
rindge , f . h . 1991 . the eupithecia of chile ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) ii . american museum novitates 3020 : 1 _ 14 . [ links ]
eupithecia yubitzae vargas & parra , 2004 was until recently the only species of this genus known for the coastal valleys of the arica province , northern chile . in march 2009 , male and female of an undescribed species of eupithecia were collected at light . thus , the purpose of this work is to present a description of the adults of this new species .
rindge , f . h . 1987 . the eupithecia of chile ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 186 : 269 _ 363 . [ links ]
uma nova espécie de eupithecia curtis ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) do vale de azapa , norte do chile . macho e fêmea de uma nova espécie de eupithecia curtis da província de arica , chile são descritos e ilustrados . a espécie é comparada com e . yubitzae vargas & parra , 2004 , da mesma localidade , e e . galapagosata landry & rindge 1995 , das ilhas galápagos , equador .
larvae of eupithecia are generally phytophagous . however , many endemic species may be ambush predators in the hawaiian islands ( montgomery 1982 ) . host plants have been mentioned for only six chilean eupithecia , including the families chenopodiaceae , fabaceae and gunneraceae ( ibarra - vidal & parra 1993 ; parra & ibarra - vidal 2002 ; vargas & parra 2002 , 2004 , 2005 ; vargas et al . 2002 ) .
a new species of eupithecia curtis ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) from the azapa valley , northern chile . male and female adults of a new species of eupithecia curtis from the arica province , chile are described and illustrated . the species is compared with e . yubitzae vargas & parra , 2004 , from the same locality , and e . galapagosata landry & rindge 1995 , from the galapagos islands , ecuador .
vargas , h . a . & l . e . parra . 2002 . notas sobre eupithecia atacama ( vojnits ) ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) . idesia 20 : 27 _ 33 . [ links ]
the eupithecia species of the coastal desert of southern peru and northern chile are still poorly known and it is possible that other undescribed species may occur in this area . eupithecia landryi is known only from the type locality , the azapa valley . additional fieldwork along the coastal desert of southern peru and northern chile is necessary for a better knowledge of the geographic distribution of the geometrid moths of this very interesting ecosystem .
eupithecia sibylla is a moth in the family geometridae . it is found in the regions of los gatos ( osomo province ) , antofagasta ( antofagasta province ) , atacama ( chanaral and huasco provinces ) , coquimbo ( el qui , limari , and choapa provinces ) , valparaiso ( petorca and los andes provinces ) , santiago ( santiago province ) , o ' higgins ( cachapoal province ) , maule ( curico , talca , and linares provinces ) and biobio ( nuble province ) in chile . the habitat consists of the northern desert , northern coast , intermediate desert , coquimban desert , central andean cordillera , central valley , valdivian forest and the northern valdivian forest biotic provinces .
montgomery , s . l . 1982 . biogeography of the moth genus eupithecia in oceania and the evolution of the ambush predation in hawaiian caterpillars ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) . entomologia generalis 8 : 27 _ 34 . [ links ]
eupithecia curtis , 1825 is a diverse and widespread genus of geometridae with more than 1300 described species ( scoble 1999 ; herbulot 2001 ) . more than 60 species have been reported for the chilean fauna ( herbulot 2001 ) , but only four occur in the northernmost desert ( rindge 1987 , 1991 ; vargas & parra 2004 , 2005 ) . vojnits ( 1985 ) proposed three chilean genera , which were subsequently synonymised with eupithecia by rindge ( 1987 ) . rindge ( 1987 , 1991 ) divided the chilean species into two sections mostly based on the morphology of the sclerites of the male eighth segment . however , additional efforts are required to obtain a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of eupithecia .
one of the main scenes of the play is the visit of nero at the oracle of delphi to take the oracle by sibylla , priestess of the oracle , and the reactions of the latter . this work , unlike his first one , the
dithyramb of rose
, is a complete tragedy , in terms of genre and structure : with distinct and complete parts both in the dialogue and chorus parts as well as in the plot and characters . the messages of the time for resistance against the oncoming storm and the pursuit of freedom and human dignity through struggle that the work depicts are portrayed through a dense dramaturgical and finely processed storyline of symbolic relations , influences and elements of ancient drama . a vast number of structures and textual ( vocative or expressive ) sequences can be found in
sibylla
all of which can be attributed to ancient tragedy ( for instance the way that the landscape of delphi is depicted is similar to certain tragedies on the same topic ) .
landry , b . & f . h . rindge . 1995 . additions to the geometridae ( lepidoptera ) of the galapagos islands , ecuador , including a new species of eupithecia . american museum novitates 3118 : 1 _ 10 . [ links ]
parra , l . e . & h . ibarra - vidal . 2002 . a new species of eupithecia ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) of juan fernández islands . annals of the entomological society of america 95 : 9 _ 15 . [ links ]
vargas , h . a . & l . e . parra . 2004 . una nueva especie de eupithecia curtis ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) del extremo norte de chile . revista chilena de historia natural 77 : 485 _ 490 . [ links ]
vargas , h . a . & l . e . parra . 2005 . descripción de una nueva especie de eupithecia curtis ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) de la pampa del tamarugal , chile . neotropical entomology 34 : 215 _ 219 . [ links ]
sibylla sambetha ( or simply portrait of a young woman ) is a small oil on oak panel painting by hans memling , completed in 1480 and still in its original frame . it is now in the hans memling museum at the old st . john ' s hospital in bruges and shows a young woman who is not pretty , but nonetheless elegant and well dressed . she is set against a black background and looks out of the picture as if she is at a window . her hands are folded and rest on the lower border of the brown marbled frame , in an early and effective example of trompe - l ' œil .
ibarra - vidal , h . & l . e . parra . 1993 . descripción de los estados preimaginales y aspectos de la historia natural de eupithecia horismoides rindge 1987 ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) , perforados del pecíolo del pangue ( gunnera tinctoria ) . revista chilena de entomología 20 : 35 _ 41 . [ links ]
eupithecia robinsoni sp . nov . is described from the juan fernández islands . this species is associated with gunnera peltata phil . the egg , larva , pupa , adult , and genitalia are described and illustrated . preliminary results of the natural history of this species are given and compared with biology of e . horismoides rindge , 1987 .
the play expresses personal ideas of sikelianos , similar to the ideas of his time , expressed through the theatrical garb of ancient tragedy and the elements that are traditionally used in tragedies ( religious , psychological and other ) . what is important for the understanding of the play are the concepts of the
mantosyni
( the art of oracle as an inner power , spiritually superior to the other inner powers of every man ) a property that sibylla has as a mythical figure and symbol and also the concept of the combination of the apollonian and the dionysian element ( the individual , logic - wise , prophetic , cult of apollo in connection with the collective , bacchic - frenzied , ecstatic , joyful worship of dionysus , cults that were in stark contrast before the advent of dionysus in delphi ) .
. . . actualmente se han registrado 64 especies para la fauna chilena ( herbolut 2001 ) , muchas de las cuales son endémicas , ya sea del territorio continental o de las islas de juan fernández ( rindge 1987 ) . por otro lado , la información biológica de las diferentes especies chilenas es escasa , solamente se tienen antecedentes sobre cuatro de ellas : e . horismoides rindge y e . robinsoni parra & ibarra - vidal , ambas asociadas a gunneraceae , e . atacama ( vojnits ) , asociada a especies de chenopodiaceae , y e . sibylla , cuyas larvas son antófagas sobre fabaceae ( ibarra - vidal & parra 1993 , parra & ibarra - vidal 2002 , vargas & parra 2002 ) . mediante muestreos tendientes a determinar la diversidad de lepidópteros asociados a yaro , acacia macracantha humb . . . .
. . . en chile esta familia se encuentra representada por más de 450 especies distribuidas en las subfamilias archierinae , ennominae , geometrinae y larentiinae ( parra 1995 ) . eupithecia curtis es uno de los géneros más diversos de la subfamilia larentiinae con más de 1 . 300 especies descritas ( scoble 1999 , parra & ibarra - vidal 2002 ) , y es probablemente el género más ampliamente distribuido . se encuentra bien representado en el neotrópico por 352 especies ; sin embargo , es escaso en australia con solo dos especies y está ausente de nueva zelandia ( herbulot 2001 ) . . . .
. . . sin embargo , a pesar de estas características externas de los imagos , las armaduras genitales de ambos sexos entregan caracteres específicos que permiten discriminar claramente una especie de otra ( rindge 1987 , bolte 1990 ) . las especies de eupithecia de chile fueron revisadas por rindge ( 1987 ) , y posteriormente se han efectuado algunas adiciones ( rindge 1991 , parra & ibarra - vidal 2002 ) . actualmente se han registrado 64 especies para la fauna chilena ( herbolut 2001 ) , muchas de las cuales son endémicas , ya sea del territorio continental o de las islas de juan fernández ( rindge 1987 ) . . . .
remarks . eupithecia landryi is the second species of eupithecia described from the coastal valleys of the northern desert of chile . morphology of the male genitalia of e . landryi is strikingly similar to that of e . yubitzae , the other species of the genus recorded in the area , and e . galapagosata landry & rindge , 1995 , from the galapagos islands , ecuador ( landry & rindge 1995 ) . this morphological pattern , characterized by a short and pointed uncus , valvae narrowing distally , long and digitiform papillae , and vesica with at least one cornutus longer than the half of the aedeagus , may indicate a possible phylogenetic relationship among these species . however , some morphological features of the male genitalia allow to separate e landryi from e . galapagosata and e . yubitzae : a reduced number of cornuti , and the shape of the larger cornutus . on the other hand , morphology of the female genitalia of e . landryi is also similar to that of e . yubitzae and e . galapagosata . however , in e . landryi the corpus bursae and the appendix bursae are membranous , and the appendix bursae arises from the lateroposterior area of the corpus bursae , while in e . yubitzae and e . galapagosata the corpus bursae is sclerotized basally , and the appendix bursae , which is sclerotized , arises distally in the corpus bursae .
the native tree schinus molle ( anacardiacae ) is reported for the first time as a host plant for larvae of the little known geometrid moth eupithecia yubitzae vargas & parra ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) in the atacama desert of northern chile , based on morphology and dna barcodes . this discovery importantly expands the host range of e . yubitzae , as previous records were restricted to fabaceae trees . larvae were previously known as florivorous , while these were found to be folivorous on s . molle . furthermore , host - associated cryptic larval polychromatism was detected , as larvae collected on s . molle were found to be mostly pale green , contrasting with the dark yellow ground color of the larvae typically collected on fabaceous host plants .
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departamento de recursos ambientales , facultad de ciencias agronómicas , universidad de tarapacá , casilla 6 - d , arica , chile . havargas @ urltoken
type material will be deposited in the museo nacional de historia natural de santiago ( mnnc ) , santiago , chile .
type material . holotype male . chile , arica : azapa , arica , chile ; march 2009 ; h . a . vargas coll . ( mnnc ) . paratype : one female , same data as holotype ( mnnc ) .
diagnosis . small geometrid moth ( 5 . 9 mm forewing length in the holotype ) with filiform antennae , male with a tuft of elongated , white scales on the ventral surface of the forewing arising near the wing base , among the discal cell and anal veins ; sternite viii composed by two longitudinal sclerotized stripes , each stripe with lateral and median margins broadly concave , anterior and posterior margins round ; male genitalia with vesica bearing two cornuti , the largest cornutus elongated , slightly curved , with a short distal projection ; female genitalia characterized by the presence of two groups of the spine - like signa : one proximal with bigger spine - like signa and another distal with shorter signa .
male ( fig . 1 ) . head . front , vertex and occiput light reddish brown ; labial palpi pale brown with scattered dark brown scales , long around 1 . 5 times eye diameter ; antennae filiform , dorsal surface with transversal stripes of scales pale brown and dark brown alternate , ventral surface ciliate ; chaetosema a narrow transverse stripe between vertex and occiput . thorax light reddish brown dorsally with dark brown scales scattered , pale brown laterally . legs yellowish brown with dark brown scales mostly concentrated on the tibia and tarsus , tibiae of middle and hindlegs with one and two pairs of yellowish brown spines , respectively . forewing ( 5 . 9 mm length in the holotype ) : dorsal surface reddish brown with dark brown scales scattered ; ventral surface pale brown with dark brown and light reddish brown scales , a tuft of elongated , white scales arising near the wing base , among the discal cell and the anal veins . hindwing : dorsal color pattern similar to forewing , with a marked basal depression near costal margin for receiving the tuft of the forewing ; ventral color pattern as that of the forewing . abdomen mostly light reddish brown with pale brown and dark brown scales scattered ; tergite viii ( fig . 4 ) with lateral margins broadly concave , posterior margin round ; sternite viii ( fig . 5 ) composed of two longitudinal sclerotized stripes , each stripe with lateral and median margins broadly concave , anterior and posterior margins round .
male genitalia ( figs . 3 , 4 ) . uncus short , pointed apex ; tegumen and saccus straight ; juxta ellipsoid basally , with striking lateral constrictions , distal margin broadly concave ; transtilla well developed ; papillae digitiform , elongated , with small setae distally ; valva broad basally , straight toward the apex ; costa not reaching the distal end of the valva , saccular area with a fold at base . aedeagus cylindrical , about 2 / 3 the length of the valva ; vesica with two cornuti , one of them with approximately 3 / 4 the length of the aedeagus , elongated , slightly curved , with a short distal projection ; the other cornutus with approximately 1 / 4 the length of the aedeagus , cylindrical and straight .
female . similar to male . forewing without tuft of scales on the ventral surface . hindwing without a marked basal depression near costal margin on the dorsal surface .
female genitalia ( fig . 6 ) . antrum broad , membranous ; ductus bursae straight , membranous , about 1 / 3 the length of the antrum ; corpus bursae elongated , membranous , with two groups of spine - like signa , one proximal with large signa , and the other distal with smaller signa ; appendix bursae membranous , cylindrical , twice the length of the ductus bursae , arising from the right lateroposterior area ; ductus seminalis arising at apex of the appendix bursae ; sterigma not differentiated ; anterior apophyses straight and long , with a posterior projection at base ; posterior apophyses straight and elongated , reaching the anterior margin of tergite viii .
scoble , m . j . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) . victoria , csiro publishing , xxv + 1016 p . [ links ]
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photometric observations of this asteroid made at the torino observatory in italy during 1990–1991 were used to determine a synodic rotation period of 23 . 82 ± 0 . 004 hours .
the length of the forewings is about 7–8 . 5 mm for males and 7–10 . 5 mm for females . the forewings are pale grey , with darker scales indicating cross lines and with a variable amount of reddish brown scaling opposite the end of the cell . the hindwings are pale greyish white , but slightly darker distally , and with grey and greyish black scales along the anal margin .
the woman ' s identity is lost . there have been a number of attempts to associate her with a historical person , including in the 19th century , as willem moreel ' s daughter mary . willem moreel was a magistrate of bruges who commissioned from memling a portrait diptych and , later , a triptych for the church of saint james at bruges which he had founded . but any identities have in turn been rejected ; in the case of mary moreel , she would have been too young in 1480 to be the woman portrayed .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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and the number of omitted authors .
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bulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .
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construcción de riesgo de incendios forestales en la interfaz urbana - forestal de las comunas del área metropolitana de concepción ( amc ) . proyecto vrid
the genus psilaspilates butler , 1893 is redefined and its species are taxonomically revised and described . the species are as follows : p . catillata ( felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ) comb . nov . , p . cautinaria sp . nov . , p . ceres ( butler , 1882 ) , p . concepcionenesis parra sp . nov . , p . obscura parra sp . nov . , p . signistriata ( butler , 1882 ) , and p . stygiana ( butler , 1882 ) comb . nov . keys and distribution . . . [ show full abstract ]
the genus ennada blanchard , 1852 is reviewed and redefined . a coniform signum in the genitalia of the female and androconium in the basal third of the costa of the valvae in the male genitalia constitute diagnostic characters for the genus . the genera phyllia blanchard 1852 and anchiphyllia butler 1893 are junior synonyms of ennada . the following species are included : e . flavaria blanchard . . . [ show full abstract ]
taxonomy and biological antecedents of microdulia mirabilis ( rothschild 1895 ) ( lepidoptera : saturnii . . .
the egg , larvae , pupae , and imago of microdulia mirabilis ( rothschild ) , an insect that defoliates native nothofagus obliqua mirb . ( oerst . ) , are described . m . mirabilis distributes between 35° and 47°s in chile and neuquén , argentina . aspects of the life cycle associated with the duration of different stages of development are given . immature stages , the imago , and the genitalia are illustrated .


adults have off-white forewings with a faint brown pattern .

chamaita barnardi

chamaita barnardi ( t . p . lucas , 1894 ) ( previously known as nudaria barnardi ) lithosiinae , arctiidae , noctuoidea
lithosiinae chamaita barnardi female view full size photographer : d . britton © australian museum
chamaita barnardi is a moth of the family erebidae . it is found in australia ( including queensland ) . [ 1 ]
chamaita barnardi ; [ nhm card ] ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 804 , pl . 41 , f . 30 ; [ aucl ]
nudaria barnardi lucas , 1894 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) : 135 ; tl : geraldton , johnson river , queensland
chamaita celebensis roepke , 1946 ; tijdschr . ent . 87 : 87 ; tl : todjambu
chamaita fasciata rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 ( 3 ) : 332 ; tl : dampier i .
chamaita nubifera hampson , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 107 ; tl : philippines , luzon , los baños
chamaita semifasciata rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 ( 3 ) : 332 ; tl : dampier i .
this species has two distinct black spots on the forewing , with one near the base of the forewing cell , and one at the tip of the cell . the other species in the genus is s . obducta , which has more brown markings on the forewings , and does not have the distinct black spots . psilopepla mollis is similar , but is smaller , with more transparent wings , and has only one rather indistinct black marking in the forewing cell . chamaita barnardi is smaller , has fewer scales on the wings , and has only a few indistinct pale brown markings on the forewings . males of c . barnardi have highly modified antennal scapes ( base of the antenna )
chamaita fascioterminata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 219 ; tl : milne bay , british new guinea
chamaita niveata rothschild , 1913 ; novit . zool . 20 ( 1 ) : 219 ; tl : mt goliath , dutch new guinea
chamaita nympha ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 530 , f . 384 ; [ nhm card ]
chamaita edelburga schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 28 ; tl : mt makiling , luzon , philippines
chamaita hirta ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 804 , f . 267 ; [ nhm card ]
chamaita neuropteroides ; [ mob7 ] , 381 ( note ) ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 27
chamaita metamelaena hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 565 , pl . 35 , f . 15 ; tl : new guinea , milne bay
chamaita sundanympha holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 381 , pl . 8 , f . 280 - 281 ; tl : sabah , poring , 1800ft , e of mt . kinabalu
chamaita niveata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 805 , pl . 41 , f . 31 ; [ nhm card ]
chamaita ( nudariini ) ; bendib & minet , 1999 , ann . soc . ent . fr . ( n . s . ) 35 ( 3 - 4 ) : 257 ; [ mob7 ] : 380
chamaita fascioterminata ; hampson , 1914 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 1 : 803 , f . 266 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ mob7 ] , 382 ( note )
chamaita trichopteroides ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 530 , f . 383 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ mob7 ] : 381 , pl . 8 , f . 278 , 283
chamaita hamata dubatolov & bucsek , 2013 ; tinea 22 ( 4 ) : 288 , f . 11 - 12 ; tl : vietnam , ngoc linh , kon tum , 14°45 ' - 15°15 ' n ; 107°21 ' - 108°20 ' e
the adult moths of this species have off - white forewings with a faint brown pattern . the wingspan is up to 1 . 5 cms .
series 2 , volume 8 ( 1894 ) , pp . 135 - 136 ,
qld : base cableway mt bellenden - ker 80m 17º16’s 145º54’e 19 oct 1981 e . d . edwards
the majority of images of lithosiinae presented on these pages were taken from specimens housed in the australian national insect collection ( anic ) ( csiro , canberra ) . i would like to thank the staff and researchers at anic for their generous assistance in providing me access to this collection , and i acknowledge the depth of effort and the investment of staff time that has gone into building and curating this splendid resource . in particular , i would like to thank ted edwards and marianne horak for their assistance .
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adults have off - white forewings with a faint brown pattern . [ 2 ]
this page was last edited on 20 february 2018 , at 04 : 55 .
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= ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; bendib & minet , 1999 , ann . soc . ent . fr . ( n . s . ) 35 ( 3 - 4 ) : 257
homopsyche nympha moore , [ 1887 ] ; lepid . ceylon 3 ( 4 ) : 536 , pl . 211 , f . 11 ; tl : ceylon
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
lithosiine main lineages and their possible interrelationships . i . - definition of new or resurrected tribes ( lepidoptera : arctiidae )
the lithosiids , collected by dr . l . j . toxopeus in central celebes , with remarsk on some allied species
on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands
catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at sarawak , in borneo , by mr . a . r . wallace , with descriptions of new species
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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urltoken
( walker ) . they were so numerous they appeared as snowflakes . the tiny moths seemed to be everywhere in the kuranda area even on the busy kennedy highway leading to cairns . as far as i can tell , the larvae are unknown . the following night , there were not so many .
these moths measure only 5 - 6 mm so there must have been millions of them emerging at approximately the same time . what triggered such an emergence and where where the larvae ?
this little moth seems to be seasonal . it is not always found at lights as are the two below .
all belong to the tiger moth family , the arctiidae , and are placed in the subfamily lithosiinae . i have dealt with these moths
there is so much in this article that i would never thought of on my own . your content gives readers things to think about in an interesting way . thank you for your clear information . pest control san antonio
david and family moved to kuranda , queensland in 2002 , following retirement from csiro canberra , australia . david , barbara and an assortment of wildlife live in a rainforest setting . it is their first experience living in the tropics . david ' s major interest is entomology . he continues research in the orthopteroid insects and is keenly interested in the biology of the rainforest . this blog is a narrative of observations made in and around kuranda . and remember to see more insects go to : urltoken and proceed to the
albums
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license .
borneo ! ! why borneo of all places . well it a place that i have visited about a half dozen times in the last 15 years and it is an interestin . . .
an interesting dilemma a situation has arisen recently that is worthy of note here . a large stick insect , the giant spiny stick ins . . .
meet the green tree snake i’ve been waiting for that spectacular snake shot to introduce the snake fauna of our rainforest , but nothing very . . .
nothing has been said to date on the lizard fauna in this blog . kuranda has a nice selection of lizards ranging from some very small speci . . .
well as a tropical low develops over the city of cairns , the titan arum in the cairns botanic gardens continues to develop . it is a wet time . . .
last week during the height of the deluge , i had a look at the light and the tree adjacent to it , a quandong , elaeocarpus sp . , was actually . . .
coremata , including hair pencils , is a phenomenon associated with lepidoptera . they are signalling structures produced by males that are see . . .
a few interesting beetles each morning there is an array of beetles of many species at the light sheet . the species component varies with . . .
the recent aquisition of a truly giant stick insect has prompted this bit of
crowing
. australia ' s largest insects are to be . . .
there are only a few grasshopper species that could be considered as true rainforest inhabitants in northern australia . reasons for this are . . .
these small white moths have only a thin layer of scales so that the wings are almost transparent . they are common at light in regions north of brisbane in queensland .
lithosiinae schistophleps albida female view full size photographer : d . britton © australian museum
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