Abolition of monarchy
Country
Last monarch
Year
Annotations
1900s
Dendi
Askia Malla
1901
Ousted by the French, the country became a part of French West Africa.
-
Ashanti
Prempeh I
1902
Ousted by the British, the country became a part of Gold Coast (British colony).
Oyo
Adeyemi I Alowolodu
1905
Last monarch died, the country became a part of British Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
-
Mwali
1909
The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
1910s
-
Portugal
Manuel II
1910
Republican Coup d'État.
-
Korea
Sunjong
Native monarchy abolished; replaced by rule by Japan, a monarchy, through 1945.
Angoche
Ousted by the Portuguese, the country was incorporated into Portugal.
Nri
Eze Nri Òbalíke
1911
Ousted by the British, the country became a part of Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
Kasanje
The country was incorporated into Portuguese West Africa.
-
China
Xuantong
1912
Xinhai Revolution – Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans.
Ndzuwani
Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar
The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
-
Kongo
Manuel III
1914
Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.
-
Sultanate of Sulu
Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II
1915
Split into American Insular Government over the Philippine islands, British North Borneo and the Dutch East Indies.
Darfur
Ali Dinar
1916
Darfur formally re-incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
-
China
Hongxian
Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the National Protection War.
-
Russia
Nicholas II
1917
Russian Revolution of 1917.
-
Finland
Finnish Declaration of Independence.
-
Montenegro
Nicholas I
1918
Referendum deposed King and united Montenegro with Serbia.
-
Germany
William II
All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following German Revolution.
-
Prussia
-
Bavaria
Ludwig III
-
Württemberg
William II
-
Saxony
Frederick Augustus III
-
Hesse
Ernest Louis
-
Baden
Frederick II
-
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
William Ernest
-
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Frederick Francis IV
-
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Adolphus Frederick VI
-
Oldenburg
Frederick Augustus II
-
Brunswick
Ernst Augustus
-
Anhalt
Joachim Ernst
-
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Charles Edward
-
Saxe-Meiningen
Bernhard III
-
Saxe-Altenburg
Ernst II
-
Waldeck-Pyrmont
Friedrich
-
Lippe
Leopold IV
-
Schaumburg-Lippe
Adolf II
-
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Günther Victor
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
-
Reuss Elder Line
Heinrich XXIV
-
Reuss Younger Line
Heinrich XXVII
-
Austria
Charles I
Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on 10 September 1919.
-
Finland
Frederick Charles I
Monarchy never in effect.
-
Lithuania
Mindaugas II
-
Poland
Ruled by Regency Council
-
Hungary
Charles IV
Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a Regent.
-
Serbia
Peter I
Country transformed to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
-
Ukraine
Pavlo Skoropadskyi
Removed from power, following an uprising led by Symon Petliura and the withdrawal of German forces from Kiev.
1920s
-
Bukhara (Uzbekistan)
Mohammed Alim Khan
1920
Monarchy deposed by an invasion by the Red Army (Bukhara operation (1920)).
-
Khiva (Uzbekistan)
Abdallah Khan
Monarchy deposed by a communist uprising aided by the Red Army (Khivan Revolution).
-
Syria
Faisal I
Monarchy deposed, following the Siege of Damascus.
-
Ottoman Empire
Mehmed VI
1922
Sultanate abolished in 1922.
Wituland
Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad
1923
Sultanate abolished by British, the country was incorporated into Kenya Colony.
-
Greece
George II
1924
Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).
-
Mongolia
Bogd Khan
Communist People's Republic proclaimed after Khan's death.
-
Albania
William I
1925
Monarchy restored in 1928 (Albanian Kingdom).
Mohammerah
Khaz'al al-Ka'bi
1925
Sheikhdom abolished by Persia
Orungu
Rogombé-Nwèntchandi
1927
Position abolished by French.
1930s
-
Spain
Alfonso XIII
1931
Later restored (see below).
Jimma
Abba Jofir
1932
Ousted by Ethiopians, Jimma incorporated into Ethiopia.
-
Albania
Zog I
1939
Throne usurped by Victor Emmanuel III, after Italian invasion.
1940s
-
Albania
Victor Emmanuel III
1943
Relinquished throne after Italian armistice.
-
Croatia
Tomislav II
Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support.
-
Iceland
Christian X
1944
Union with Denmark terminated.
-
Montenegro
Ruled by Governor
Monarchy abolished after takeover by Yugoslav Partisans
-
Yugoslavia
Peter II
1945
Communist reconstruction.
-
Manchukuo
Kāngdé
Merged into the Republic of China after abolition of the Empire.
-
Vietnam
Bảo Đại
Monarchy abolished after the Surrender of Japan.
-
Hungary
Miklós Horthy as Regent
1946
Decision of the parliament without a referendum.
-
Italy
Umberto II
Referendum; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.
-
Bulgaria
Simeon II
Referendum held to decide whether the monarchy would be retained; 95% in favour of republic. Simeon later served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria 2001-2005.
-
Sarawak
Charles Vyner Brooke
White Rajahs hand over power to British crown.
-
Romania
Michael I
1947
Forced out by the communists.
-
Ireland
George VI
1949
Abolished the last "Monarchy of Ireland", the King of the United Kingdom.
1950s
-
India
George VI
1950
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Mysore
HH Maharaja Sir Jayachamaraja Wodeyar
1950
The Kingdom of Mysore merged with the Republic of India in 1950
-
Tibet
Tenzin Gyatso
1951
Incorporated into the People's Republic of China.
-
Egypt
Fuad II
1953
Republic proclaimed one year after the 1952 Revolution.
-
Vietnam
Bảo Đại
1954
Vietnam partitioned through the Geneva Accords.
-
Vietnam
Bảo Đại
1955
Referendum in South Vietnam.
-
Pakistan
Elizabeth II
1956
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Tunisia
Muhammad VIII al-Amin
1957
coup d'état
-
Iraq
Faisal II
1958
1960s
-
Ghana
Elizabeth II
1960
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, following a referendum; official result: 88% in favour of republic.
-
South Africa
1961
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy pursuant to 1960 referendum; official result: 53% in favor of republic.
-
Rwanda
Kigeli V
coup d'état, followed by referendum; official result: 80% in favor of abolishing monarchy.
-
Tanganyika
Elizabeth II
1962
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Yemen
Muhammad al-Badr
coup d'état
-
Nigeria
Elizabeth II
1963
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Uganda
-
Kenya
1964
-
Zanzibar
Jamshid bin Abdullah
Zanzibar Revolution
-
Burundi
Ntare V
1966
coup d'état
-
Malawi
Elizabeth II
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Fadhli Sultanate
Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli
1967
The countries were incorporated into newly created People's Republic of South Yemen.
-
Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut
Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti
-
Sultanate of Upper Yafa
Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah
-
Sultanate of Lower Yafa
Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi
Muflahi Sheikhdom
al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman
Audhali Sultanate
Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali
-
Emirate of Beihan
Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli
Dathina Sheikhdom
-
Emirate of Dhala
Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri
-
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf in Hadhramaut
Sheikhdom of Shaib
Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi
Alawi Sheikhdom
Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi
Aqrabi Sheikhdom
Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi
-
Wahidi Sultanate of Haban in Hadhramaut
Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi
Qutaibi Sheikhdom
Hadrami Sheikhdom
Mausatta Sheikhdom
Busi Sheikhdom
Dhabi Sheikhdom
Haushabi Sultanate
Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi
-
Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut
Al Husayn ibn Ali
-
Mahra Sultanate
-
Sultanate of Lahej
Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali
Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi
-
Maldives
Muhammad Fareed Didi
1968
Independence referendum.
-
Libya
Idris I
1969
coup d'état
1970s
-
Rhodesia
Elizabeth II
1970
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. An unrecognised government of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia had unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965, proclaiming Elizabeth II as Queen, but she did not accept the title, nor was it recognised by any other state.
-
Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk
Later restored (see below).
-
The Gambia
Elizabeth II
1971
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Guyana
-
Sierra Leone
-
Ceylon
1972
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, state name changed into "Sri Lanka".
-
Afghanistan
Mohammed Zahir Shah
1973
coup d'état.
-
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie I
1974
-
Greece
Constantine II
referendum; official result: 69% against monarchy
-
Malta
Elizabeth II
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Laos
Savang Vatthana
1975
Communist takeover
-
Sikkim
Palden Thondup Namgyal
Referendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India.
-
Trinidad and Tobago
Elizabeth II
1976
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
-
Iran
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1979
Iranian Revolution
-
Central Africa
Bokassa I
coup d'état
1980s
-
Rwenzururu
Charles Mumbere
1982
Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.
-
Fiji
Elizabeth II
1987
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. Elizabeth II remained recognized as Paramount Chief by the Great Council of Chiefs until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012.
1990s
-
Kuwait
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
1990
Later restored (see below)
-
Mauritius
Elizabeth II
1992
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
2000s
-
Nepal
King Gyanendra
2008
Monarchy abolished on 28 May 2008, replaced with a secular federal republic.
King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum.
King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum.
King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum.
King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum.
King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum.
<page_title> Abolition of monarchy </page_title> <section_title> Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries </section_title> <table> <cell> 1975 <col_header> Year </col_header> <col_header> 1900s </col_header> <col_header> 1910s </col_header> <col_header> 1920s </col_header> <col_header> 1930s </col_header> <col_header> 1940s </col_header> <col_header> 1950s </col_header> <col_header> 1960s </col_header> <col_header> 1970s </col_header> </cell> <cell> Sikkim <col_header> Country </col_header> <col_header> 1900s </col_header> <col_header> 1910s </col_header> <col_header> 1920s </col_header> <col_header> 1930s </col_header> <col_header> 1940s </col_header> <col_header> 1950s </col_header> <col_header> 1960s </col_header> <col_header> 1970s </col_header> </cell> <cell> Palden Thondup Namgyal <col_header> Last monarch </col_header> <col_header> 1900s </col_header> <col_header> 1910s </col_header> <col_header> 1920s </col_header> <col_header> 1930s </col_header> <col_header> 1940s </col_header> <col_header> 1950s </col_header> <col_header> 1960s </col_header> <col_header> 1970s </col_header> </cell> <cell> Referendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India. <col_header> Year </col_header> <col_header> 1900s </col_header> <col_header> 1910s </col_header> <col_header> 1920s </col_header> <col_header> 1930s </col_header> <col_header> 1940s </col_header> <col_header> 1950s </col_header> <col_header> 1960s </col_header> <col_header> 1970s </col_header> </cell> </table>