W. Va. Code § 6C-2-3 — WV Code / Chapter 6C / Article 2 / Section 3
§6C-2-3. Grievance procedure generally.
Status: in_force

(a) Filing. —

(1) Each grievant shall file a grievance form, signed by the grievant, within the time limits specified in this article. If more than one grievant is a party to the grievance, they may submit one signed form initiating the grievance. Grievant representatives who file on behalf of one or more grievants shall provide, as part of the grievance form, the name of each grievant being represented and his or her work location. Failure to properly sign the form will result in immediate dismissal of a grievance, without prejudice. If the initial grievance was timely filed and then dismissed without prejudice, the grievant has five days from receipt of the order of dismissal to refile the grievance. The refiled grievance must meet the requirements of this article and applicable rules of procedure.

(2) The specified time limits may be extended to a date certain by mutual written agreement or the grievance evaluator, mediator, or administrative law judge at the request of any party. The specified time limits shall be extended for cause whenever an agency representative, intervenor, or a grievant is not working because of accident, sickness, death in the immediate family, or other cause for which the agency representative or grievant has approved leave from employment.

(b) Default. —

(1) The grievant or the employer prevails by default if a required response is not made by the grievant or the employer representative within the time limits established in this article, unless the employer representative or grievant is prevented from doing so directly as a result of injury, illness, or a justified delay not caused by negligence or intent to delay the grievance process.

(2) Within 10 days of the default, the grievant or employer may file with the chief administrator a written notice of intent to proceed directly to the next level or to enforce the default. If the chief administrator objects to the default, then the chief administrator may, within five days of the filing of the notice of intent, request a hearing before an administrative law judge for the purpose of stating a defense to the default, as permitted by subdivision (1) of this subsection, or showing that the remedy requested by the prevailing grievant is contrary to law or contrary to proper and available remedies. The administrative law judge shall determine whether the remedy is proper, available, and not contrary to law.

(3) If the administrative law judge finds that the grievant or the employer has a defense to the default, as permitted by subdivision (1) of this subsection, or that the remedy is contrary to law or not proper or available at law, the administrative law judge may deny the default or modify the remedy to be granted to comply with the law or otherwise make the grievant or employer whole.

(c) Defenses and limitations. —

(1). Timeliness. — A grievance must be filed within the time frames established in §6C-2-4 of this code. If the level one evaluator determines that the grievance was not timely filed, an order dismissing the grievance shall be issued. In no event shall a motion to dismiss be held in abeyance while other proceedings take place. This decision may be appealed to level three, and an administrative law judge shall review the order. If the dismissal is upheld an order shall be issued and the grievance shall be removed from the grievance board’s docket. If the dismissal is overturned an order shall be entered stating with particularity the facts and the law found to be in error in the order below. The grievance will be returned to level one for disposition. An administrative law judge will decide an appeal of a dismissal for untimeliness within 30 days. If the grievant proceeds directly to level three, the administrative law judge shall make a determination on timeliness prior to scheduling the level three hearing.

(2) Motion to dismiss. — Any party may, at any time, file a motion to dismiss asserting that the board lacks jurisdiction under §6C-2-2(i) of this code, that the grievant has otherwise failed to state a claim under this article upon which relief may be granted, or that the grievance was not timely filed. Upon filing of such a motion, the chief administrator or administrative law judge shall immediately hold in abeyance all other proceedings, and within 10 days of receipt of filing, issue a ruling on the motion or schedule the motion for a hearing.

(3) Back pay. — When it is a proper remedy, back pay may only be granted for one year prior to the filing of a grievance, unless the grievant shows, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employer acted in bad faith in concealing the facts giving rise to the claim for back pay, in which case an 18-month limitation on back pay applies.

(4) Statutory defense. — If a party intends to assert the application of any statute, policy, rule, or written agreement as a defense at any level, then a copy of the materials shall be forwarded to all parties.

(d) Withdrawal and reinstatement of grievance. — An employee may withdraw a grievance at any time by filing a written notice of withdrawal with the chief administrator or the administrative law judge. The grievance may not be reinstated by the grievant unless reinstatement is granted by the chief administrator or the administrative law judge. If more than one employee is named as a grievant, the withdrawal of one employee does not prejudice the rights of any other employee named in the grievance.

(e) Consolidation and groups of similarly situated employees. —

(1) Grievances may be consolidated at any level by agreement of all parties or at the discretion of the chief administrator or administrative law judge: Provided , That a grievance that has been dismissed under the provisions of subdivisions (1) or (2) of this subsection may not be revived or consolidated with another grievance.

(2) Class actions are not permitted. However, a grievance may be filed by one or more employees on behalf of a group of similarly situated employees. Any similarly situated employee shall complete a grievance form stating his or her intent to join the group of similarly situated employees. Only one employee filing a grievance on behalf of similarly situated employees shall be required to participate in the conference or level one hearing.

(f) Intervention. — Upon a timely request, any employee may intervene and become a party to a grievance at any level when the employee demonstrates that the disposition of the action may substantially and adversely affect his or her rights or property and that his or her interest is not adequately represented by the existing parties.

(g) Representation and disciplinary action. —

(1) An employee may designate and shall provide the name and contact information for the individual or organization of the representative who may be present at any step of the procedure, as well as at any meeting that is held with the employee for the purpose of discussing or considering disciplinary action.

(2) An employee may not be compelled to testify against himself or herself in a disciplinary grievance hearing.

(h) Reprisal. — No reprisal or retaliation of any kind may be taken by an employer against a grievant or any other participant in a grievance proceeding by reason of his or her participation. Reprisal or retaliation constitutes a grievance and any person held responsible is subject to disciplinary action for insubordination.

(i) Improper classification. — A supervisor or administrator responsible for a willful act of bad faith toward an employee or who intentionally works an employee out of classification may be subject to disciplinary action, including demotion or discharge.

(j) Forms. — The board shall create the forms for filing grievances, giving notice, taking appeals, making reports and recommendations, and all other necessary documents and provide them on the Grievance Board’s website to be downloaded for completion and submission and for chief administrators to make available to any employee upon request.

(k) Discovery. — The parties are entitled to copies of all material submitted to the chief administrator or the administrative law judge by any party.

(l) Notice. — Reasonable notice of a proceeding shall be sent at least five days prior to the proceeding to all parties and their representatives and shall include the date, time, and place of the proceeding. If an employer causes a proceeding to be postponed without adequate notice to employees who are scheduled to appear during their normal workday, the employees may not suffer any loss in pay for work time lost.

(m) Record. — Conferences may be recorded at the discretion of the chief administrator for the sole use of aiding in issuing a decision or report. The recording shall not be transcribed, nor will the recording be shared with the parties, or made part of the record. The recording shall be destroyed promptly after the decision has been issued. All documents admitted, and the decision, agreement, or report become part of the record. All the testimony at a level one and level three hearing shall be recorded by mechanical means and a copy of the recording or transcript will be provided to any party upon request. The board is responsible for paying for and promptly providing a certified transcript of a level three hearing to the court for a mandamus or appellate proceeding.

(n) Grievance decisions and reports. —

(1) Any party may propose findings of fact and conclusions of law within 20 days of an arbitration or a level three hearing.

(2) A decision, agreement, or report shall be dated, in writing, setting forth the reasons for the decision or outcome, and transmitted to the parties and, in a private arbitration, to the board, within the time limits prescribed. If the grievance is not resolved, the written decision or report shall include the address and procedure to appeal to the next level.

(o) Scheduling. — All proceedings shall be scheduled during regular work hours in a convenient location accessible to all parties in accommodation to the parties’ normal operations and work schedules. By agreement of the parties, a proceeding may be scheduled at any time or any place. Disagreements shall be decided by the chief administrator or administrative law judge presiding in the case.

(p) Attendance and preparation. —

(1) The grievant, witnesses, and an employee representative shall be granted reasonable and necessary time off during working hours to attend grievance proceedings without loss of pay and without charge to annual or compensatory leave credits. A grievant or an intervenor may not be on any type of leave time or worker compensation at the time of the conference, mediation, hearing, or other proceeding. The proceedings shall be held in abeyance until the grievant returns to work: Provided , That, where the grievant has been determined to be unable to return to work, and the grievant’s inability to return to work does not render the grievance moot, the grievance proceedings shall be resumed and the grievance resolved upon its merits.

(2) In addition to actual time spent attending grievance proceedings, the grievant and an employee representative shall be granted time off during working hours, not to exceed four hours per grievance, for the preparation of the grievance without loss of pay and without charge to annual or compensatory leave credits. However, the first responsibility of any employee is the work assigned to the employee. An employee may not allow grievance preparation and representation activities to seriously affect the overall productivity of the employee as determined by the employer. An employee may be the representative in no more than five grievances per year. Time spent in preparing for and attending grievance proceeding will be accounted for on leave request forms by stating the amount of time expended in such activities. Each employee representative shall request annual leave for any time in excess of four hours per grievance spent in grievance preparation.

(3) The grievant and an employee representative shall have access to the employer’s equipment for purposes of preparing grievance documents subject to the reasonable rules of the employer governing the use of the equipment for nonwork purposes.

(4) Disagreements regarding preparation time shall be decided by the chief administrator or administrative law judge presiding in the case.

(q) Grievance files. —

(1) All grievance forms decisions, agreements, and reports shall be kept in a file separate from the personnel file of the employee and may not become a part of the personnel file, but shall remain confidential except by mutual written agreement of the parties.

(2) The grievant may file a written request to have his or her identity removed from any files kept by the employer one year following the conclusion of the grievance.

(r) Number of grievances. — The number of grievances filed against an employer by an employee is not, per se, an indication of the employer’s or the employee’s job performance.

(s) Procedures and rules. — The board shall prescribe rules and procedures in compliance with this article, article three of this chapter and the state Administrative Procedures Act under chapter 29A of this code for all proceedings relating to the level three grievance procedure. Chief administrators may adopt procedural rules to govern level one proceedings. Chief administrators and administrative law judges are governed by the West Virginia Ethics Commission’s legislative Code of Conduct for Administrative Law Judges, rule 158 CSR 13.