W. Va. Code § 48-9-209 — WV Code / Chapter 48 / Article 9 / Section 209
§48-9-209. Parenting plan; considerations.
Status: in_force

When entering an order approving or implementing a temporary or permanent parenting plan order, including custodial allocation, the court shall consider whether a parent:

(1) Has abused, neglected, or abandoned a child, as defined by state law;

(2) Has sexually assaulted or sexually abused a child as those terms are defined in §61-8B-1 et seq . and §61-8D-1 et seq . of this code;

(3) Has committed domestic violence, as defined in §48-27-202 of this code;

(4) Has overtly or covertly, persistently violated, interfered with, impaired, or impeded the rights of a parent or a child with respect to the exercise of shared authority, residence, visitation, or other contact with the child, except in the case of actions taken for the purpose of protecting the safety of the child or the interfering parent or another family member, pending adjudication of the facts underlying that belief; or

(5) Has made one or more fraudulent reports of domestic violence or child abuse: Provided , That a person’s withdrawal of or failure to pursue a report of domestic violence or child support shall not alone be sufficient to consider that report fraudulent.

(b) If a parent or another person regularly in the household of the parent is found to have engaged in any activity specified by subsection (a) of this section, the court shall impose limits that are reasonably calculated to protect the child or child’s parent from harm. The limitations that the court shall consider include, but are not limited to:

(1) An adjustment of the custodial responsibility of the parents, including but not limited to:

(A) Increased parenting time with the child to make up for any parenting time the other parent lost as a result of the proscribed activity;

(B) An additional allocation of parenting time in order to repair any adverse effect upon the relationship between the child and the other parent resulting from the proscribed activity; or

(C) The allocation of exclusive custodial responsibility to one of the parents;

(2) Supervision of the custodial time between a parent and the child;

(3) Exchange of the child between parents through an intermediary, or in a protected setting;

(4) Restraints on the parent from communication with, or proximity to, the other parent or the child;

(5) A requirement that the parent abstain from possession or consumption of alcohol or nonprescribed drugs while exercising custodial responsibility and in the 24-hour period immediately preceding such exercise;

(6) Denial of overnight custodial responsibility;

(7) Restrictions on the presence of specific persons while the parent is with the child;

(8) A requirement that the parent post a bond to secure return of the child following a period in which the parent is exercising custodial responsibility or to secure other performance required by the court;

(9) A requirement that the parent complete a program of intervention for perpetrators of domestic violence, for drug or alcohol abuse, or a program designed to correct another factor; or

(10) Any other constraints or conditions that the court determines to be necessary to provide for the safety of the child, a child’s parent, or any person whose safety immediately affects the child’s welfare.

(c) If a parent or a person regularly in the home of the parent is found to have engaged in any activity specified in subsection (a) of this section, the court may not allocate custodial responsibility or decision-making responsibility to that parent without making special written findings that the child and other parent can be adequately protected from harm by such limits as it may impose under subsection (b) of this section. The parent found to have engaged in the behavior specified in subsection (a) of this section has the burden of proving that an allocation of custodial responsibility or decision-making responsibility to that parent will not endanger the child or the other parent.

(d) If the court determines, based on the investigation described in part III of this article or other evidence presented to it, that an accusation of child abuse or neglect, or domestic violence made during a child custody proceeding is false and the parent making the accusation knew it to be false at the time the accusation was made, the court may order reimbursement to be paid by the person making the accusations of costs resulting from defending against the accusations. The reimbursement may not exceed the actual reasonable costs incurred by the accused party as a result of defending against the accusation and reasonable attorney’s fees incurred.

(e) (1) A parent who believes he or she is the subject of activities by the other parent described in subdivision (5), subsection (a) of this section may move the court pursuant to §49-5-101(b)(4) of this code for the Department of Human Services to disclose whether the other parent was the source of the allegation and, if so, whether the department found the report to be:

(A) Substantiated;

(B) Unsubstantiated;

(C) Inconclusive; or

(D) Still under investigation.

(2) If the court grants a motion pursuant to this subsection, disclosure by the Department of Human Services shall be in camera. The court may disclose to the parties information received from the department only if it has reason to believe a parent knowingly made a false report.

(f) In determining whether the presumption for an equal (50-50) allocation of physical custody has been rebutted, a court shall consider all relevant factors including any of the following:

(1) The factors set forth in subsection (a) of this section;

(2) Whether the child:

(A) Was conceived as a result of sexual assault or sexual abuse by a parent as set forth in §48-9-209a of this code;

(B) Has special needs, a chronic illness, or other serious medical condition and would receive more appropriate care under another custodial allocation;

(C) Is a nursing child less than six months of age, or less than one year of age if the child receives substantial nutrition through nursing: Provided , That the child reaching one year of age shall qualify as a substantial change in circumstances per §48-9-401 of this code; or

(D) Will be separated from his or her siblings or the arrangement would otherwise disrupt the child’s opportunities to bond with his or her siblings;

(3) Whether a parent:

(A) Is willfully noncompliant with a previous order of the court regarding payment of child support payments for a child or children of the parties;

(B) Is unwilling to seek necessary medical intervention for the child who has a serious medical condition;

(C) Has a chronic illness or other condition that renders him or her unable to provide proper care for the child;

(D) Has intentionally avoided or refused involvement or not been significantly involved in the child’s life prior to the hearing, except when the lack of involvement is the result of actions on the part of the other parent which were, without good cause, designed to deprive the parent of contact and involvement with his or her child or children without good cause;

(E) Repeatedly causes the child or children to be in the care of a third party rather than the other parent when he or she is available;

(F) Does not have a stable housing situation: Provided , That a parent’s temporary residence with a child in a domestic violence shelter shall not constitute an unsafe housing situation; or

(G) Is unwilling or unable to perform caretaking functions for the child as required by §48-1-210 of this code;

(4) Whether a parent, partner, or other person living, or regularly in that parent’s household:

(A) Has been adjudicated in an abuse and neglect proceeding to have abused or neglected a child, or has a pending abuse and neglect case;

(B) Has been judicially determined to have committed domestic violence or has a pending domestic violence case;

(C) Has a felony criminal record;

(D) Is addicted to a controlled substance or alcohol;

(E) Has threatened or has actually detained the child with the intent to retain or conceal the child from the other parent or from a third person who has legal custody: Provided , That a parent’s temporary residence with the child in a domestic violence shelter shall not be construed as evidence of the parent’s intent to retain or conceal the child from the other parent; or

(F) Has been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility, or suffers from a serious mental illness;

(5) Whether an equal (50-50) physical allocation is:

(A) Impractical because of the physical distance between the parents’ residences;

(B) Impractical due to the cost and difficulty of transporting the child;

(C) Impractical due to each parent’s and the child’s daily schedules;

(D) Would disrupt the education of the child; or

(E) Contrary to the firm and reasonable preferences of a child who is 14 years of age or older; and to accommodate, if the court determines it is in the best interests of the child, the firm and reasonable preferences of a child under 14 years of age, but sufficiently matured that he or she can intelligently express a voluntary preference for one parent;

(6) Whether the parents cannot work cooperatively and collaboratively in the best interest of the child; or

(7) Whether a parent will encourage and accept a positive relationship between the child and the other parent, including which parent is more likely to keep the other parent involved in the child’s life and activities.