W. Va. Code § 61-5-17 — WV Code / Chapter 61 / Article 5 / Section 17
§61-5-17. Obstructing officer; fleeing from officer; making false statements to officer; interfering with emergency communications; penalties; definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who by threats, menaces, acts, or otherwise forcibly or illegally hinders, or obstructs or attempts to hinder or obstruct a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer, courthouse security officer, correctional officer, the State Fire Marshal, or a full-time deputy or assistant fire marshal acting in his or her official capacity is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $50 nor more than $500 or confined in jail not more than one year, or both fined and confined.

(b) A person who intentionally disarms or attempts to disarm a law-enforcement officer, correctional officer, probation officer, parole officer, courthouse security officer, the State Fire Marshal, or a full-time deputy or assistant fire marshal acting in his or her official capacity is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than one nor more than five years.

(c) A person who, with intent to impede or obstruct a law-enforcement officer, the State Fire Marshal, or a full-time deputy or assistant fire marshal in the conduct of an investigation of a misdemeanor or felony offense, knowingly and willfully makes a materially false statement is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $25 nor more than $200, or confined in jail for five days, or both fined and confined. The provisions of this section do not apply to statements made by a spouse, parent, stepparent, grandparent, sibling, half-sibling, child, stepchild, or grandchild, whether related by blood or marriage, of the person under investigation. Statements made by the person under investigation may not be used as the basis for prosecution under this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, "law-enforcement officer" does not include a watchman, a member of the West Virginia State Police, or college security personnel who is not a certified law-enforcement officer. A criminal charge under this subsection relating to the investigation of a misdemeanor offense may not be used to seek or support a secured bond or pre-trial incarceration.

(d) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee by any means other than the use of a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer, courthouse security officer, correctional officer, the State Fire Marshal, or a full-time deputy or assistant fire marshal acting in his or her official capacity who is attempting to make a lawful arrest of or to lawfully detain the person, and who knows or reasonably believes that the officer is attempting to arrest or lawfully detain him or her, is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $50 nor more than $500 and confined in jail for 10 days. A person convicted of a second offense violation of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $250 nor more than $1,000 and confined in jail for 30 days. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense in violation of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 and confined in jail not less than 60 days nor more than one year.

(e) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $500 nor more than $1,000 and shall be confined in jail not more than one year. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 or shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than three years, or both fined and confined. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $2,000, nor more than $5,000 and shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than two nor more than five years, or both fined and confined.

(f) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop, and who operates the vehicle in a manner showing a reckless indifference to the safety of others, is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 and shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than one nor more than five years. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 or shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than two nor more than 10 years, or both fined and confined. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $2,000 nor more than $5,000 and shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than three nor more than 15 years, or both fined and confined.

(g) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop, and who causes damage to the real or personal property of a person during or resulting from his or her flight, is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $3,000 and shall be confined in jail for not less than six months nor more than one year. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $3,000 nor more than $5,000 or shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than three years, or both fined and confined. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $5,000 nor more than $8,000 and shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than two nor more than five years, or both fined and confined.

(h) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop, and who causes bodily injury to a person during or resulting from his or her flight, is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than three nor more than 10 years. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than five years nor more than 10 years. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than five nor more than 15 years.

(i) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop, and who causes death to a person during or resulting from his or her flight, is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than five nor more than 15 years. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than 15 years nor more than life. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility for life. A person confined pursuant to this subsection is not eligible for parole prior to having served a minimum of three years of his or her sentence or the minimum period required by §62-12-13 of this code, whichever is greater.

(j) A person who intentionally flees or attempts to flee in a vehicle from a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, or parole officer acting in his or her official capacity after the officer has given a clear visual or audible signal directing the person to stop, and who is under the influence of alcohol, controlled substances, or drugs, is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than three nor more than 10 years. A person who is convicted of a second offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and shall be confined in a state correctional facility for not less than five years nor more than 15 years. A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense of violation of this subsection is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a state correctional facility not less than 10 nor more than 20 years. A conviction for a violation of this subsection may be used as a predicate offense for driving under the influence, second offense driving under the influence, or third offense driving under the influence, and it shall be treated as a driving under the influence conviction for licensure purposes by the Division of Motor Vehicles.

(k) For purposes of this section, the term "vehicle" includes any motor vehicle, motorcycle, motorboat, all-terrain vehicle, or snowmobile, as those terms are defined in §17A-1-1 of this code, whether or not it is being operated on a public highway at the time and whether or not it is licensed by the state.

(l) For purposes of this section, the terms "flee", "fleeing", and "flight" do not include a person's reasonable attempt to travel to a safe place, allowing the pursuing law-enforcement officer to maintain appropriate surveillance, for the purpose of complying with the officer's direction to stop.

(m) The revisions to subsections (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section enacted during the 2010 regular legislative session shall be known as the Jerry Alan Jones Act.

(n) (1) A person, with the intent to purposefully deprive another person of emergency services, may not interfere with or prevent another person from making an emergency communication, which a reasonable person would consider necessary under the circumstances, to law-enforcement, fire, or emergency medical services personnel.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "interfere with or prevent" includes, but is not limited to, seizing, concealing, obstructing access to, or disabling or disconnecting a telephone, telephone line, or equipment or other communication device.

(3) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "emergency communication" means communication to transmit warnings or other information pertaining to a crime, fire, accident, power outage, disaster, or risk of injury or damage to a person or property.

(4) A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in jail for a period of not less than one day nor more than one year, or shall be fined not less than $250 nor more than $2,000, or both fined and confined.

(5) A person who is convicted of a second offense under this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in jail for not less than three months nor more than one year, or fined not less than $500 nor more than $3,000, or both fined and confined.

(6) A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense under this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in jail not less than six months nor more than one year or fined not less than $500 nor more than $4,000, or both fined and confined.

(o) A person is guilty of filing a false complaint against a law-enforcement officer when, knowing the information reported is false or baseless, he or she:

(1) Initiates a false complaint of improper action of a law-enforcement officer relating to an incident or other circumstance;

(2) Reports, by word or action, to any official or quasi-official agency, or organization having the function of dealing with conduct of law-enforcement officers which did not occur, does not in fact exist; or

(3) Reports to a law-enforcement officer or agency the alleged occurrence of any offense or incident which did not in fact occur.

Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or confined in jail not more than six months, or both fined and confined.

(p) In determining the number of prior convictions for purposes of imposing punishment under this section, the court shall disregard all such prior convictions occurring more than 15 years prior to the offense in question.