FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Wis. Stat. § 47.01 — WI Code / Chapter 47 / Section 47.01
Definitions.
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) “Blind” means central visual acuity that does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with correcting lenses or a visual field that subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees.

(1m) “Department” means the department of workforce development.

(2) “Employability” means that the provision of vocational rehabilitation services is likely to enable an individual to obtain or retain employment consistent with his or her capacities and abilities in the competitive labor market, the practice of a profession, self-employment, homemaking, farm or family work, sheltered employment, home-based employment or other gainful work.

(3) “Person with a disability” means any person who has a physical or mental disability that constitutes or results in a substantial barrier to employment and who can reasonably be expected to benefit in terms of employability from the provision of vocational rehabilitation services.

(3g) “Person with a severe disability” means any person with a disability who has a severe disability that seriously limits one or more functional capacities, including mobility, communication, self-care, self-direction, work tolerance, or work skills, in terms of employability, whose vocational rehabilitation can be expected to require multiple vocational rehabilitation services over an extended period of time and who has one or more physical or mental disabilities determined on the basis of an evaluation of rehabilitation potential to cause comparable substantial functional limitation.

(3m) “Personal assistance services” has the meaning given in 29 USC 705 (28).

(5) “Visually impaired” means a loss of vision that can reasonably be expected to lead to blindness or a loss of vision that represents a barrier to employment or other major life activities.

(6) “Vocational rehabilitation” means assisting a person with a disability to become capable of competing in the labor market, practicing a profession, being self-employed, raising a family and making a home, participating in sheltered employment or other gainful work.

History: 1983 a. 435 ; 1991 a. 39 ; 1993 a. 373 ; 1995 a. 27 ss. 2408 , 9130 (4) ; 1997 a. 3 , 112 ; 2025 a. 139 .
Wis. Stat. § 244.21 — WI Code / Chapter 244 / Section 244.21
Laws applicable to financial institutions and entities.
Status: in_force

This chapter does not supersede any other law applicable to financial institutions or insurance companies, and the other law controls if in conflict with this chapter.

History: 2009 a. 319 .
Wis. Stat. § 948.51 — WI Code / Chapter 948 / Section 948.51
Hazing.
Status: in_force

(1) In this section “forced activity” means any activity which is a condition of initiation or admission into or affiliation with an organization, regardless of a student’s willingness to participate in the activity.

(2) No person may intentionally or recklessly engage in acts which endanger the physical health or safety of a student for the purpose of initiation or admission into or affiliation with any organization operating in connection with a school, college or university. Under those circumstances, prohibited acts may include any brutality of a physical nature, such as whipping, beating, branding, forced consumption of any food, liquor, drug or other substance, forced confinement or any other forced activity which endangers the physical health or safety of the student.

(3) Whoever violates sub. (2) is guilty of:

(a) A Class A misdemeanor if the act results in or is likely to result in bodily harm to another.

(b) A Class H felony if the act results in great bodily harm to another.

(c) A Class G felony if the act results in the death of another.

History: 1983 a. 356 ; 1987 a. 332 s. 32 ; Stats. 1987 s. 948.51; 2001 a. 109 .
Wis. Stat. § 806.36 — WI Code / Chapter 806 / Section 806.36
Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment.
Status: in_force

(1) Except as provided in sub. (3) , a judgment or arbitration award on a foreign-money claim must be stated in an amount of the money of the claim.

(2) The judgment or award on a foreign-money claim is payable in that foreign money or, at the option of the debtor, in the amount of U.S. dollars that will purchase that foreign money on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.

(3) Assessed costs must be entered in U.S. dollars.

(4) Each payment in U.S. dollars must be accepted and credited on the judgment or award in the amount of the foreign money that could be purchased by U.S. dollars at a bank-offered spot rate of exchange at or near the close of business on the conversion date of that payment.

(5) Judgments or awards made in an action on both a defense, setoff, recoupment or counterclaim and on the adverse party’s claim must be netted by converting the money of the smaller into the money of the larger and subtracting the smaller from the larger, and must specify the rate of exchange used.

(6) A judgment substantially in the following form complies with sub. (1) :

(7) If a contract claim is of the type covered by s. 806.34 (1) or (2) , the judgment or award for the amount of the money stated to measure the obligation to be paid shall be entered in the money specified for payment or, at the option of the debtor, in the number of U.S. dollars that will purchase the computed amount of the money of payment on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.

(8) A judgment shall be filed with the clerk of circuit court and entered in the judgment and lien docket in foreign money in the same manner and shall have the same effect as other judgments.

History: 1991 a. 236 ; 1995 a. 224 ; 2017 a. 365 s. 111 .
Wis. Stat. § 30.2023 — WI Code / Chapter 30 / Section 30.2023
Seawalls; Wolf River and Fox River basins.
Status: in_force

A riparian owner is exempt from the permit requirements under s. 30.12 for a structure that is placed on the bed of a navigable water in the Wolf River and Fox River basin area, as described in s. 30.207 (1) , and that extends beyond the ordinary high-water mark, if the following conditions apply:

(1) The structure is a vertical wall designed to prevent land from eroding into a navigable water.

(2) The structure is not a replacement for an existing structure and is placed on the bed of an artificial enlargement of a navigable water, or the structure is a replacement for an existing structure placed on the bed of a navigable water, including the bed of an artificial enlargement of a navigable water.

(3) If the structure is a replacement for an existing structure placed on the bed of a navigable water, including the bed of an artificial enlargement of a navigable water, it is placed not more than 2 feet waterward of the structure that it is replacing.

(4) The structure incorporates adequate bracing and anchors to ensure structural stability.

(5) A filter fabric lining containing a layer of gravel extends from the landward side of the structure to facilitate drainage.

(6) The base of the structure extends to a sufficient depth into the bed of the navigable water to ensure the structure’s stability and to prevent the structure from failing.

(7) The structure is secured into the bank of the navigable water in a manner that prevents erosion or scouring.

(8) The riparian owner places riprap at the base of the waterward side of the structure up to the waterline or, if the structure is placed in a location where watercraft are moored, the riparian owner places riprap at the base of the waterward side of the structure up to a point that allows adequate space for the mooring of watercraft.

(9) The structure is constructed of treated wood and built so that the top of the structure meets the lower of the following:

(a) The natural topography of the bank of the navigable water.

(b) A point that is 4 feet above the ordinary high-water mark of the navigable water.

(c) The minimum height required to prevent overtopping by wave action.

History: 2003 a. 118 ss. 42 , 43 .
Wis. Stat. § 905.01 — WI Code / Chapter 905 / Section 905.01
Privileges recognized only as provided.
Status: in_force

Except as provided by or inherent or implicit in statute or in rules adopted by the supreme court or required by the constitution of the United States or Wisconsin, no person has a privilege to:

(1) Refuse to be a witness; or

(2) Refuse to disclose any matter; or

(3) Refuse to produce any object or writing; or

(4) Prevent another from being a witness or disclosing any matter or producing any object or writing.

History: Sup. Ct. Order, 59 Wis. 2d R1, R101 (1973).
Wis. Stat. § 86.105 — WI Code / Chapter 86 / Section 86.105
Snow removal in private driveways.
Status: in_force

The governing body of any county, town, city or village may enter into contracts to remove snow from private roads and driveways.
Wis. Stat. § 178.0306 — WI Code / Chapter 178 / Section 178.0306
Partner’s liability.
Status: in_force

(1) Except as otherwise provided in subs. (2) to (3m) , all partners are liable jointly and severally for all debts, obligations, and other liabilities of the partnership unless otherwise agreed by the claimant or provided by law.

(2) A person that becomes a partner is not personally liable for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the partnership incurred before the person became a partner.

(3)

(a) Except as provided in sub. (3m) , a debt, obligation, or other liability of a partnership incurred while the partnership is a limited liability partnership is solely the debt, obligation, or other liability of the limited liability partnership. A partner is not personally liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for such a debt, obligation, or other liability of the limited liability partnership solely by reason of being or acting as a partner.

(b) This subsection applies despite anything inconsistent in the partnership agreement that existed immediately before the vote or consent required to become a limited liability partnership under s. 178.0901 (2) .

(c) This subsection applies regardless of the dissolution of the limited liability partnership.

(3m)

(a) To the extent a partnership has or is deemed to have elected under par. (b) to have this par. (a) apply, sub. (3) does not affect the liability of a partner in a limited liability partnership for any of the following that occurs while the partnership is subject to this subsection:

1. The partner’s own omissions, negligence, wrongful acts, misconduct, or malpractice.

2. The omissions, negligence, wrongful acts, misconduct, or malpractice of any person acting under the partner’s actual supervision and control in the specific activity in which the omissions, negligence, wrongful acts, misconduct, or malpractice occurred.

(b)

1. Except as provided in subd. 3. , a limited liability partnership that became a limited liability partnership before January 1, 2018, is deemed to have elected to have par. (a) apply.

2. Except as provided in subd. 3, a limited liability partnership that became a limited liability partnership on or after January 1, 2018, is deemed to not have elected to have par. (a) apply.

3. A limited liability partnership may change its election under this paragraph by filing an amended statement of qualification to that effect. This amendment may be made at any time, but shall be effective prospectively only.

(4) The failure of a limited liability partnership to observe formalities relating to the exercise of its powers or management of its business is not a ground for imposing liability on a partner for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the partnership.

(5) The cancellation or administrative revocation of a limited liability partnership’s statement of qualification does not affect the limitation in this section on the liability of a partner for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the partnership incurred while the statement was in effect.

History: 2015 a. 295 .
Wis. Stat. § 553.23 — WI Code / Chapter 553 / Section 553.23
Private franchisee and subfranchisor sales exempted.
Status: in_force

The sale of a franchise by a franchisee for the franchisee’s own account and the sale of the entire area franchise owned by a subfranchisor for the subfranchisor’s own account are exempted from s. 553.21 if the sale is not effected by or through a franchisor. A sale is not effected by or through a franchisor merely because a franchisor has a right to approve or disapprove a different franchisee or because a franchisor imposes or has the right to impose a fee or charge to reimburse the franchisor for reasonable and actual expenses incurred in connection with the sale.

History: 1971 c. 241 ; 1981 c. 54 ; 1987 a. 381 ; 1995 a. 364 .
Wis. Stat. § 97.32 — WI Code / Chapter 97 / Section 97.32
Special dairy and food inspectors.
Status: in_force

(1) Special dairy and food inspectors may be appointed by the department for any factory, plant, receiving station, or group thereof, which buys or receives milk or cream for the purpose of manufacturing, processing or any other purpose whatsoever, upon petition therefor signed by more than two-thirds of the regular patrons of such factory, plant, receiving station, or group thereof, or by the officers of such factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof, or of the officers of any association organized under ch. 185 or 193 representing patrons of such factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof, and upon receiving satisfactory proof that such special dairy and food inspectors will be compensated in full for all services rendered and traveling expenses incurred upon and pursuant to such appointment as provided in this section. If the inspector is appointed pursuant to petition signed by the officers of an organization, such compensation and expenses shall be paid by such organization; and any factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof shall pay to the association the checkoff as contracted for between the member and the association. If appointed pursuant to petition signed by patrons, each patron of the factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof shall pay such proportion of the total amount of such compensation and expenses as the amount of milk or cream delivered thereto by the patron bears to the total amount delivered thereto by all patrons. The state shall not be liable for any such compensation or expenses.

(3) Each such special dairy and food inspector shall have all powers conferred by law upon dairy and food inspectors, shall at all times be under the supervision of the department and shall make such reports to the department as the department may require. The special dairy and food inspector shall supervise and inspect the weighing and testing of and shall inspect all milk, cream, butter or cheese delivered to such factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof, except that if the special dairy and food inspector be appointed upon petition by an association organized under ch. 185 or 193 , the special dairy and food inspector shall perform duties only for its members, and for such purpose the special dairy and food inspector may use any or all weighing or testing apparatus in such factory, plant, receiving station or group thereof. In addition to the duties herein specifically prescribed, the special dairy and food inspector shall perform such duties as the patrons or organization compensating the special dairy and food inspector or the department may direct.

(4) An appointment of a special dairy and food inspector may be denied, suspended or revoked by the department as provided in s. 93.06 (7) . Rehearing and judicial review shall be as provided in ch. 227 .

History: 1975 c. 308 ; 1975 c. 414 s. 28 ; 1993 a. 492 ; 2005 a. 441 .
Wis. Stat. § 346.45 — WI Code / Chapter 346 / Section 346.45
Certain vehicles to stop at railroad crossings.
Status: in_force

(1) Except as provided in sub. (3) , the operator of any of the following vehicles before crossing at grade any track of a railroad, shall stop such vehicle within 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of such railroad:

(a) Every motor bus transporting passengers.

(am) Every vehicle painted and displaying markings in accordance with s. 347.44 (1) .

(b) Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of chlorine.

(c) Every motor vehicle which, in accordance with sub. (4) , is required to be marked or placarded with a classification of marking or placarding that requires the vehicle to stop.

(d) Every cargo tank motor vehicle, whether loaded or empty, used for the transportation of any liquid having a flashpoint below 200 degrees Fahrenheit, as determined by the test method approved for that product by ASTM International.

(e) Every cargo tank motor vehicle transporting a commodity which at the time of loading has a temperature above its flashpoint as determined by the same standard method of testing as prescribed in par. (d) .

(f) Every vehicle transporting a building, as defined in s. 348.27 (12m) (a) 1.

(g) Every cargo tank motor vehicle, whether loaded or empty, transporting a commodity under exemption in accordance with 49 CFR part 107 , subpart B.

(2) The operator of every vehicle required to stop before crossing any track shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching railroad train or railroad track equipment, and shall not proceed until such precautions have been taken and until the operator has ascertained that the course is clear. Wherever an auxiliary lane is provided for stopping at a railroad, operators of vehicles required to stop shall use such lane for stopping.

(3) A stop need not be made at:

(a) A railroad grade crossing when a police officer or crossing flagman directs traffic to proceed.

(b) A railroad grade crossing when an official traffic control signal permits traffic to proceed.

(c) An abandoned railroad grade crossing with a sign indicating the rail line is abandoned.

(d) A railroad grade crossing which is marked with a sign in accordance with s. 195.285 (3) . Such signs shall be erected by the maintaining authority only upon order of the office of the commissioner of railroads as set forth in s. 195.285 .

(4) The department shall adopt rules for the marking and placarding of vehicles being used to transport hazardous materials which are potentially dangerous to life and property, which rules shall be in accordance with the regulations of the U.S. department of transportation. These rules shall identify classifications of markings or placarding that, consistent with federal regulations, when required on a vehicle also require the vehicle to stop as provided in sub. (1) (c) .

History: 1973 c. 12 ; 1975 c. 41 , 63 , 199 ; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (6) (b) , (9) (f); 1977 c. 410 ; 1981 c. 347 s. 80 (2) ; 1993 a. 16 , 123 ; 2005 a. 250 ; 2011 a. 101 , 247 ; 2015 a. 55 , 186 ; 2017 a. 365 s. 111 .
Wis. Stat. § 181.0821 — WI Code / Chapter 181 / Section 181.0821
Action without meeting.
Status: in_force

(1m) Definitions. In this section:

(a) “In writing” or “written” includes a communication that is transmitted or received by electronic means.

(b) “Sign” includes executing an electronic signature.

(1r) Method. An action required or permitted to be taken at a board meeting may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action is signed by all of the directors then in office. If the articles of incorporation or bylaws so provide, an action required or permitted to be taken at a board meeting may be taken by written action signed by two-thirds of the directors then in office.

(2) Effectiveness. A consent under this section has the same force and effect as a vote of the board of directors taken at a meeting and may be described as such in any articles or document filed with the department under this chapter. The written action is effective when signed by the required number of directors, unless a different effective date and time are specified in the written consent. If written notice is required under sub. (3) , the written action shall be effective on the date specified in the written consent or on the 10th day after the date on which written notice under sub. (3) is given, whichever is later.

(3) Notice; liability. If written action is permitted to be taken by less than all directors, all directors must be noticed immediately of the text of the written consent and of its effective date and time. Failure to provide notice under this section does not invalidate the action taken by written consent under this section. A director who does not sign or consent to the action taken by written consent is not liable for the action.

(4) Consent effective at future time. Any person, whether or not then a director, may provide, whether through instruction to an agent or otherwise, that a consent to action will be effective at a future time, including a time determined upon the happening of an event, and such consent shall be considered to have been given for purposes of this section at such effective time so long as the person is then a director and did not revoke the consent prior to that time. Any such consent shall be revocable prior to its becoming effective.

History: 1997 a. 79 ; 2003 a. 259 ; 2021 a. 258 .
Wis. Stat. § 939.51 — WI Code / Chapter 939 / Section 939.51
Classification of misdemeanors.
Status: in_force

(1) Misdemeanors in chs. 939 to 951 are classified as follows:

(a) Class A misdemeanor.

(b) Class B misdemeanor.

(c) Class C misdemeanor.

(2) A misdemeanor is a Class A, B or C misdemeanor when it is so specified in chs. 939 to 951 .

(3) Penalties for misdemeanors are as follows:

(a) For a Class A misdemeanor, a fine not to exceed $10,000 or imprisonment not to exceed 9 months, or both.

(b) For a Class B misdemeanor, a fine not to exceed $1,000 or imprisonment not to exceed 90 days, or both.

(c) For a Class C misdemeanor, a fine not to exceed $500 or imprisonment not to exceed 30 days, or both.

History: 1977 c. 173 ; 1987 a. 332 s. 64 ; 1997 a. 35 .
Wis. Stat. § 23.1987 — WI Code / Chapter 23 / Section 23.1987
Fish hatchery infrastructure project.
Status: in_force

(1) From the moneys appropriated under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) , the department shall set aside $7,000,000 in fiscal year 2014-15 that may be obligated only for infrastructure improvements to the Kettle Moraine Springs fish hatchery. For purposes of s. 23.0917 , moneys obligated under this subsection shall be treated as moneys obligated under the property development and local assistance subprogram under s. 23.0917 (4) . Section 23.0917 (5g) does not apply with respect to amounts obligated before July 1, 2018, under this subsection.

(2) The department may not obligate any moneys under sub. (1) without the approval of the joint committee on finance. The procedures under s. 13.10 shall apply to approvals by the joint committee on finance in lieu of the procedures under s. 23.0917 (6m) .

History: 2013 a. 20 ; 2015 a. 55 .
Wis. Stat. § 215.519 — WI Code / Chapter 215 / Section 215.519
Indemnification and allowance of expenses of employees and agents.
Status: in_force

A mutual association may indemnify and allow reasonable expenses of an employee or agent who is not a director or officer to the extent provided by the articles of incorporation or bylaws, by general or specific action of the board or by contract.

History: 1987 a. 13 .
Wis. Stat. § 186.52 — WI Code / Chapter 186 / Section 186.52
Customer access to appraisals.
Status: in_force

If requested by an individual who is a customer, loan applicant or credit applicant, a financial institution, as defined in s. 705.01 (3) , shall provide that individual with a copy of any written appraisal report which is held by the financial institution, which relates to residential real estate that the individual owns or has agreed to purchase and for which a fee is imposed.

History: 1991 a. 78 .