24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 16 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 123B / Section 16
App. § 123B-16. Announcing a conflict
Status: in_force

If a Town officer recognizes that he or she might have a conflict of interest or if another person raises an objection to the participation of any Town officer, the Town officer or the other person shall state the nature of the conflict as soon as may be possible and the Town officer shall thereupon disqualify himself or herself from further participation if there is a conflict of interest.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 207 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 4 / Section 207
App. § 4-207. Governing body; meetings
Status: in_force

As soon as possible after the election of the President and Vice President, the Council shall fix the time and place of its regular meetings, and such meetings shall be held at least once a month.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 903 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 903
App. § 5-903. Council action on the budget
Status: in_force

The City Council shall review the annual City budget as submitted by the City Manager at budget meetings established by the Council. The meetings of the City Council upon the budget shall be open to the public. During its review of the proposed budget, the City Council may add or increase budget programs or amounts and may delete or decrease any programs or amounts, except expenditures required by law or for fixed debt service requirements.
24 V.S.A. § 1913 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 54 / Section 1913
§ 1913. Communications plant; operation and regulation
Status: in_force

(a) A municipality shall operate its communications plant in accordance with the applicable State and federal law and regulation, and chapter 53 of this title, relating to municipal indebtedness, with regard to the financing, improvements, expansion, and disposal of the municipal communications plant and its operations. However, the powers conferred by such provisions of law shall be supplemental to, construed in harmony with, and not in restriction of, the powers conferred in this chapter.

(b) A municipality's operation of any communications plant shall be supported solely by the revenues derived from the operation of such communications plant, except that portion which is used for its own municipal purposes.

(c) A municipality may finance any capital improvement related to its operation of such communications plant for the benefit of the people of the municipality in accordance with the provisions of chapter 53 of this title, provided that revenue-backed bonds shall be paid from net revenues derived from the operation of the communications plant.

(d) Any restriction regarding the maximum outstanding debt that may be issued in the form of general obligation bonds shall not restrict the issuance of any bonds issued by a municipality and payable out of the net revenues from the operation of a public utility project under chapter 53, subchapter 2 of this title.

(e) To the extent that a municipality constructs communication infrastructure with the intent of providing communications services, whether wholesale or retail, the municipality shall ensure that any and all losses from these businesses, or in the event these businesses are abandoned or curtailed, any and all costs associated with the investment in communications infrastructure, are not borne by the municipality's taxpayers.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a municipality may enter into a public-private partnership for the purpose of exercising its authority under this subchapter regarding the provision of communications services. A municipality may contract with a private entity to operate and manage a communications plant owned by the municipality or may contract with a private entity to co-own, operate, or manage a communications plant. A communications plant that is the subject of a public-private partnership authorized by this subsection may be financed in whole or in part pursuant to this chapter and chapter 53, subchapter 2 of this title, provided the municipality first issues a request for proposals seeking an internet service provider to serve or to assist with serving unserved and underserved locations targeted by the issuing municipality. The terms of such a partnership shall specify that the owner or owners of the communications plant, as applicable, shall be responsible for debt service.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 31 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 401 / Section 31
App. § 401-31. Recall of officers
Status: in_force

An officer shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Supervisors and may be removed by a vote of the Board as set forth in section 14 of this chapter, except that two-thirds of the representatives of the member municipalities and two-thirds of the votes cast shall be required.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 402 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 131 / Section 402
App. § 131-402. Elective officers
Status: in_force

(a) The elected officers of the Town shall be elected and their compensation fixed by the Town at its annual meeting.

(b) All elected officers, except as provided by law or as specifically provided in this charter, shall be chosen at large from the legally qualified voters of the Town and shall hold office for the term hereafter specified and until their successors are elected and qualified.

(c) All officers shall be elected by Australian Ballot.

(d) When an elected or appointed officer resigns, makes residence in another town, or dies or becomes incapacitated, the office shall become vacant and the Selectboard shall appoint an eligible person to fill the vacancy until the next annual meeting. The person elected at the annual meeting shall serve until the predecessor's term expires. Incapacity shall include the failure of a Selectboard member to attend 50 percent of the meetings of the Board in any calendar year.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 306 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 306
App. § 1-306. Records of proceedings
Status: in_force

(a) It shall be the duty of the City Council to keep an official record of its proceedings that shall be open for public inspection. The agenda for the regular Council meeting shall be published in a local newspaper no later than three days preceding the meeting. The latest edition of Robert's Rules of Order shall govern the deliberations of the Council except when in conflict with the laws.

(b) The minutes of each meeting shall be approved by the Council at its next meeting and the official copy authenticated by the signature of the Clerk.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 303 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 133 / Section 303
App. § 133-303. Terms of office-Selectboard members
Status: in_force

(a) There shall be three Selectboard members elected for a staggered term of three years, with only one of these positions vacant in any one year, and two Selectboard members elected for a one-year term.

(b) At their first regular meeting following the annual Town meeting, the Selectboard shall elect a Chair and a Vice Chair of the Selectboard, each of whom shall be elected for a term of one year and may succeed himself or herself indefinitely.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 12 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 126 / Section 12
App. § 126-12. Adoption of ordinances by initiative
Status: in_force

(a) An ordinance may be enacted by vote of the Town according to the following procedure:

(1) A petition requesting enactment of the ordinance signed by not less than 10 percent of the Town's registered voters shall be filed, along with the text of the proposed ordinance, with the Town Clerk.

(2) The proposed ordinance shall be examined by the Town attorney before being submitted to the special Town meeting. The Town attorney is authorized, subject to the approval of the Selectboard, to amend the petitioned ordinance to:

(A) correct repetitive, unlawful, or unconstitutional provisions; and

(B) ensure accuracy, clarity, and precision in its text, legal references, and phrasing, provided that these technical corrections shall not change the meaning or effect of the proposed ordinance.

(3) The Selectboard shall call a special Town meeting to be held within 60 days after the date the petition is filed, unless the Selectboard enacts the ordinance within the 60-day period.

(4) The warning for the special Town meeting shall include the text of the proposed ordinance verbatim and shall provide for a “yes” or “no'' vote as to its enactment.

(5) The ordinance shall be adopted if at least 15 percent of the Town's registered voters vote on the question to adopt the ordinance and a majority of that number vote for adoption.

(b) Any ordinance adopted pursuant to this section shall take effect on the 60th day following adoption.
24 V.S.A. § 1967 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 58 / Section 1967
§ 1967. Cases prohibited
Status: in_force

No case involving domestic violence, sexual violence, sexual assault, or stalking shall be referred to a community justice center except through Department of Corrections offender reentry programs pursuant to protocols protecting victims, or as provided in section 1968 of this title. The community justice centers shall work with the Department of Corrections and the Center for Crime Victim Services or its designee to develop victim safety protocols for community justice centers that take into consideration victim needs such as safety, confidentiality, and privacy.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 512 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 411 / Section 512
App. § 411-512. Validation of District meetings
Status: in_force

Whenever any of the requirements as to the notice or warning of a District meeting have been omitted or not complied with, such omission or noncompliance, if the meeting and the business transacted thereat is otherwise legal and within the scope of the District powers, may be corrected and affirmed by vote of the legal voters of the District at any annual or special meeting of the District called and duly warned for that purpose. The question to be voted upon shall substantially be:

“Shall the action taken at the meeting of this District held on (state date), at which meeting (state the error or omission), and any act or action of the District officers or agents pursuant thereto, be readopted, ratified, or confirmed.”
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 52 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 901 / Section 52
App. § 901-52. Seal
Status: in_force

The Authority shall have a seal designed as the Board requires.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 7 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 207 / Section 7
App. § 207-7. President's duties
Status: in_force

By virtue of the office, the President shall be a member of the Board of Trustees and shall preside over meetings of the Board of Trustees. In the absence of the President, the Trustees shall elect a chair from among their number.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 266 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 266
App. § 3-266. Chief Administrative Officer to record assessments; notification of owners
Status: in_force

It shall be the duty of the Chief Administrative Officer to collect such assessments, as soon as may be after he or she shall have recorded the same. The Chief Administrative Officer shall thereupon forthwith notify in writing the owner or owners of lands or buildings so assessed, their agents, or attorneys, stating therein the amount of such assessments.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 29 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 29
App. § 3-29. Checklists to be prepared and posted
Status: in_force

Checklists of voters in the respective wards for each freemen's meeting shall be prepared, posted, corrected, and furnished to the inspectors of election therein; and elections at such freemen's meetings shall be conducted in the manner herein provided for City elections. No person whose name is not on such checklist shall be allowed to vote at any freemen's meeting.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 101 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 411 / Section 101
App. § 411-101. Creation and name
Status: in_force

In accordance with the provisions of 24 V.S.A. chapter 121, subchapter 3, there is hereby created a union municipal district that shall be known as the Northeast Kingdom Waste Management District at a place designated by the Board of Supervisors.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 423 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 423
App. § 3-423. Bond issuance to be approved by voters
Status: in_force

The City Council shall not issue any bonds under the provisions of this article for any of the purposes thereof unless previously authorized so to do by a majority of the legal voters of said City voting on the question at any annual or special City meeting duly warned for the purpose.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 48 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 48
App. § 3-48. Enumerated
Status: repealed

The City Council shall have power:

(1) To establish and regulate a market and to regulate, license, tax, or prohibit the selling or peddling of meat, fish, or other provisions on foot or from vehicles about the City, except that the City Council shall not have power to license, tax, or prohibit farmers selling the produce of their own farm.

(2) To restrain and prohibit all descriptions of gaming, to order the destruction of all instruments and devices used for that purpose, and to license or tax any such devices or instruments the usage of which is now, or may hereafter be, permissible under the laws of the State and to license or tax any mechanical or electrical amusement devices or the places wherein the same may be located.

(3) To regulate, license, tax, or prohibit the exhibition of common showmen, circuses, menageries, carnivals, and shows of every kind, and all plays, athletic contests, exhibitions, or entertainments for money, including the power to tax admissions to the same except such as may be conducted by educational or nonprofit institutions or organizations or wholly for charitable purposes; to provide a system of examination, approval, and regulation of motion picture films, reels, or stereopticon views or slides and of banners, posters, and other like advertising matter used in connection therewith; to create and establish a Board of Censors to administer such system within the limits of said City and to define and prescribe their duties and powers and to regulate, restrict, or prevent attendance of minors at exhibitions of films, reels, or stereopticon views.

(4) To regulate, license, tax, or prohibit itinerant vendors, peddlers, street musicians, transient auctioneers, and itinerant photographers, provided the City Council shall not have the power to license, tax, or prohibit farmers selling the produce of their own farm.

(5) To prevent riots, noises, disturbances, or disorderly assemblages.

(6) To abate and remove nuisances; to regulate or prohibit the storage and accumulation on premises within the City of garbage, ashes, rubbish, refuse, and waste materials; to tax or license for revenue and regulate or prohibit the collection and removal of such materials from such premises and the disposal of the same by private persons or agencies; to compel and regulate the removal and disposal of such materials by owners, tenants, and occupants of such premises; to require and provide for the collection, removal, and disposal of such materials by the City at its expense by contract with some private individual or agency or by some City officer, officers, or department either existing, or hereafter created and established by the City Council for that purpose; to establish, in case the collection, removal, and disposal of such materials is done at the expense of the City, service rates to be paid to the City by the owners, tenants, or occupants of premises from which said materials are collected and removed for services rendered by the City in collecting, removing, and disposing of such materials, to compensate the City for the cost and expense of those services. All service rates against owners or others shall be collected and enforced under such regulations and ordinances as the City Council shall prescribe.

(7) [Repealed.]

(8) To compel the owner or occupant of any unwholesome, noisome, or offensive house or place to remove or cleanse the same from time to time, so far as may be necessary for the health or comfort of the inhabitants of said City.

(9) To direct the location and management of all slaughterhouses, markets, steam mills, blacksmith shops, sewers, and all private drains and to compel the construction of drains within the limits of the City, under such inspection regulations as the City Council may adopt.

(10) To regulate the use in blasting, the manufacture, and the keeping of gunpowder and all other combustible and dangerous materials.

(11) To regulate the making of alterations and repairs of stovepipes, furnaces, fireplaces, and other things from which damage by fire may be apprehended and also to regulate the use of buildings in crowded localities for hazardous purposes; to provide for the preservation of buildings from fires by precautionary measures and inspections.

(12) To establish and regulate a Fire Department and fire alarm system, and fire companies, except as herein otherwise provided.

(13) To regulate the size, height, material, and manner of erecting and constructing new buildings and repairing of buildings already constructed in said City or in certain prescribed localities therein and to regulate the use of streets for building purposes.

(14) To prescribe the duties and powers of inspectors of buildings and fire wardens and to provide penalties for any refusal or neglect to comply with the orders of said inspectors and fire wardens made by virtue of any resolution or ordinance passed by said City Council.

(15) [Repealed.]

(16) To prevent encumbering the streets, sidewalks, and public alleys with firewood, lumber, carriages, boxes, or other things.

(17) To provide for the care, preservation, and improvement of public grounds, except as herein otherwise provided.

(18) To restrain and punish vagrants.

(19) To make regulations respecting paupers, except as herein otherwise provided.

(20) To restrain or regulate the keeping and running at large of poultry, cattle, horses, swine, sheep, goats, and dogs. And in addition to the tax now imposed by the laws of this State upon the owner or keeper of dogs, to impose upon or require of the owner or keeper of any dog or dogs such additional tax or license fee for the keeping thereof, and prescribe such penalties in default thereof, as may be deemed necessary. And all monies received hereunder shall be paid into the City Treasury and belong to said City.

(21) To provide a supply of water for the protection of the City against fire and for the distribution and sale of water for private and public purposes to persons and corporations both within and without the City, and to regulate the use of the same; to establish and maintain reservoirs, aqueducts, water pipes, hydrants, or any other apparatus necessary for such purposes, upon, in, and through the lands of individuals and corporations both within and without the City, on making compensation therefor; but the City Council, in providing such supply of water and establishing and maintaining reservoirs, aqueducts, water pipes, hydrants, and other apparatus, as hereinbefore provided, for the distribution and sale of water outside of the City, shall not incur any expense for the same that cannot be paid from the current net earnings of the Water Resources Department above the necessary operating expenses, and the necessary cost of maintaining, improving, and adding to the property and equipment of that Department within the City, unless authorized by the legal voters so to do, and to raise the necessary funds to pay for the same.

(22) To regulate and determine the time or place of bathing in any of the public waters within said City, or adjacent thereto, and to prevent the same.

(23) To compel all persons to remove from the sidewalks and gutters in front of the premises owned or occupied by them all snow, ice, dirt, and garbage, and to keep such sidewalks and gutters clean, and to compel the owners or occupants of any land or premises in the City to cut and remove from the streets and sidewalks in front of such land or premises all grass, brush, thistles, and weeds growing or being thereon, under such regulations as may be prescribed therefor, except as herein otherwise provided.

(24) To regulate and license innkeepers, keepers of saloons, victualing houses, billiard saloons, billiard tables, bowling alleys, places of amusement, and auctioneers, or to tax the same, under such regulations as shall be prescribed therefor; and all monies paid for such licenses or taxes shall belong to the City and be paid into the City Treasury.

(25) To regulate or restrain the use of rockets, squibs, firecrackers, or other fireworks in the streets or commons, and to prevent the practicing therein of any amusements having a tendency to injure or annoy persons passing therein or to endanger the security of property.

(26) To regulate gauging; the place and manner of selling and weighing hay, packing, inspecting, and branding meats and produce; and of selling, measuring, and weighing wood, lime, coal, and petroleum products; and to appoint suitable persons to superintend and conduct the same.

(27) To regulate and license porters and cartmen who receive or discharge their loads within the City; to regulate and license the owners and drivers of taxicabs, jitneys, and motor vehicles for hire, receiving, or discharging passengers, with or without baggage, within the City, whether or not such vehicles are engaged in carrying passengers entirely within the City; to prescribe the duties and privileges of such owners and drivers; to fix and regulate rates of fare, including maximum and minimum rate or rates, for any such transportation of passengers within the City; to license and regulate all such vehicles; to rescind any and all licenses granted hereunder, and to prohibit the operation of such vehicles upon the streets of the City when either the owners or the drivers thereof have not complied with all the provisions of ordinances duly enacted hereunder; provided, however, that no license shall be granted hereunder unless the applicant has first complied with all the requirements of the laws of the State of Vermont relative to the registration and operation of motor vehicles to enable the applicant to use the license for which he or she applies; and to limit and restrict the use of its streets and highways by such motor vehicles in such manner as will promote the safety and general welfare of the public.

(28) To prescribe the powers and duties of watchmen and police officers of said City.

(29) To regulate, establish, and alter the grade of streets and the grade and width of sidewalks, and the construction thereof, and prescribe the material to be used therein.

(30) To provide for lighting of the City.

(31) To provide for removing and trimming shade, fruit, and ornamental trees in the public streets and parks whenever the public good or convenience requires the same to be done, except as herein otherwise provided.

(32) To prohibit and punish willful injuries to shade, ornamental, and fruit trees standing on public or private lands.

(33) To prevent and punish trespasses or willful injuries to or upon public buildings, squares, commons, cemeteries, fountains, statues, or other property.

(34) To establish and maintain a public library.

(35) To regulate the time and manner in which examinations of public documents, land records, and other public records shall be made.

(36) To establish, manage, and control public cemeteries, parks, commons, or any other public place in said City, and to regulate the use of the same by the public, except as herein otherwise provided.

(37) To permit, regulate, license, tax, or prohibit, except as herein otherwise provided, the suspending, putting up, or continuance of any sign or awning in or over any street, lane, alley, common, or other public place in said City; and whenever the public good may require, to order and direct that any such sign or awning heretofore erected or suspended as aforesaid shall be changed, taken down, or removed; and to order and direct the removal of any sign or awning upon which any license fee or tax levied under the provisions hereof shall not have been paid.

(38)(A) To provide for assessing owners of land and buildings thereon abutting any street, alley, or lane in said City such sum as said land and buildings shall be benefited by raising or lowering the surface of said street or highway and also to award such damages to such owners as they shall suffer in consequence of raising or lowering the surface of said street or highway as aforesaid.

(B) The same proceedings shall be had in respect to said award of damages and assessment as are herein provided in case the owners of lands are dissatisfied with the award of damages or amount of assessment in laying out or altering streets or highways and said assessment shall be a lien in the nature of a tax on the lands and buildings so assessed, and may be collected or enforced in the same manner herein provided for assessments made in laying out, altering, or resurveying any street or highway in said City.

(39) To provide for indexing any part or all of the records of deeds and of any or all public records of said City of Burlington, and like records of the former Town of Burlington, by the “card index,” so-called, or any other like system. Such “card index” or other like system may be employed in addition to or in lieu of the manner of indexing now required by the laws of this State.

(40)(A) To fix, demand, impose, and enforce such terms, conditions, and regulations for the use or occupation of any street or highway in said City by any street railroad, traction, telegraph, telephone, electric, gas, electric lighting, electric power, or other company or any person enjoying the privileges, or exercising the functions of any such company aforesaid, as shall be just and reasonable, including any sum or sums of money to be paid to said City for the use of any street or highway by any or all of said companies for the purpose of laying, maintaining, and operating any street railway therein, or for the purpose of therein erecting and maintaining any poles, wires, or any other apparatus in or under the surface of said street and to prohibit the use of such street by any such company or person until such terms have been complied with.

(B) In case any such company or person cannot agree with said City upon such terms, said company or person may apply by petition to the county court within and for the County of Chittenden, and said court shall thereupon, after hearing all parties interested therein, fix such terms as shall be just and reasonable and make all necessary orders for carrying its decision therein into effect.

(C) Provided, however, that no special franchise shall be granted by said City Council for a longer term than 30 years, and further provided that at the expiration of any franchise, or at any time thereafter, the City shall have the right to acquire the title to and take over the property employed or used in the business for which such franchise was granted, upon the payment to the owner of the same of the fair value of the physical properties at that time employed or used in such business, and that in case the City is unable to agree with the owners as to the value of such physical properties, then said property may be condemned and taken for public use, and the value thereof ascertained and awarded as compensation therefor to the owner of the same in the manner, as near as may be, provided in the general laws of the State for the determination of the damages to be awarded persons aggrieved or damaged by the construction or operation of a street railway, and further provided that the grant of every such special franchise shall contain provisions embodying the foregoing conditions and limitations. Provided, notwithstanding the foregoing, the City Council shall not have authority to increase the level of any franchise fee enacted pursuant hereto without first receiving approval by a majority of the voters present and voting at an annual or special City meeting duly warned for this purpose.

(41) To prescribe the duties of the Inspector of Electrical Wiring Apparatus and the installation and maintenance thereof, to regulate and require licenses for all persons engaged in the business or trade of selling electrical apparatus and supplies and in the business or trade of installing and repairing electrical wiring and apparatus but not including telephone or telegraph wires or apparatus, and to regulate and require licenses for all persons engaged in the business or trade of plumbing or house drainage within the limits of said City and to fix and impose the terms, conditions, and fees for all such licenses.

(42) To purchase, construct, and maintain a public wharf.

(43) [Reserved.]

(44) To acquire voting machines, so-called, and prescribe the use thereof in any or all elections held within said City.

(45) To order any streets or part of a street sprinkled, sprayed, or treated with water, tarvia, or any other materials when in its judgment the public good requires.

(46) To enact and enforce rules for its government and for the government of the City Council. Notwithstanding 1 V.S.A. § 172, the City Council may enact rules providing that, as long as a quorum exists, a valid majority for taking action may be a concurrence of a majority of those present and voting.

(47) To appropriate money in excess of the amount required by law to be raised for highways, which a town may now vote to raise at its annual meeting or at a special meeting duly warned for that purpose, according to the provisions of the laws of the State relating to highways, and to assess upon the grand list of the City a tax sufficient to raise the amount of money so appropriated.

(48) To regulate the exposing for sale in the City and conveying through the streets of the City of foodstuffs intended for human consumption to prevent contamination thereof.

(49) To fix, impose, and establish the terms, conditions, and regulations under which any person or persons may exclusively occupy specified portion of any public street, lane, alley, or other thoroughfare used for public travel, for the storage or sale of oil or other merchandise, or for any other private purpose not affected with a public interest, to fix and collect a fee for such occupancy, and to prohibit use or occupancy of such specified portion for any other purpose.

(50) To acquire and hold by lease, purchase, or gift and to maintain within the limits of said City, or within the limits of an adjoining town, a public aviation field and municipal airport and to properly equip the same for use; to regulate the use of said field and its equipment and to charge, receive, demand, and collect from time to time reasonable compensation for use thereof and to manage and control such field and its equipment, appoint proper officers to have charge of the same and to define their duties; to provide for the establishment and maintenance of an airport police force to provide security and law enforcement within the limits of the airport premises and to lease to private parties for aviation purposes such part of said field and buildings as in the judgment of the City Council is not for the time being required by the City for the purposes of a public aviation field or municipal airport and for such time as in the judgment of said Council the same is not so required.

(51) To acquire and hold by lease, purchase, or gift, and to maintain and operate within or without the limits of said City, a stone quarry, a sand and gravel pit, and an asphalt plant, and all lands and interests in lands, required for such purposes, and to properly equip the same for use, and to engage the City in the business of selling stone from such quarry, sand and gravel from such pit, and asphalt from such plant, to persons and corporations both within and without said City and for public or private purposes, said City being hereby authorized to maintain and operate such stone quarry, sand and gravel pit, and asphalt plant for such purposes.

(52) To regulate and license junk dealers.

(53) To receive and hold grants, gifts, or bequests of money or other property, in trust, the income or interest of which is to be used for the care, improvement, embellishment, and repairs of its burial grounds, or of private lots within any such burial ground.

(54) To receive and hold grants, gifts, or bequests in money or other property, in trust, for any governmental purpose, under the charter, and manage and use the same, its income, or interest, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the trust.

(55) To provide for, create, establish, maintain, and regulate an insurance sinking or reserve fund to be used for the purpose of compensating the City for any and all losses and damages to City property by reason of fire, tornado, wind, flood, or other casualty and for the purpose of paying to City employees, their dependents, executors, administrators, and heirs, any and all compensation that may become their due from the City under the provisions of the laws of the State relating to workers' compensation.

(56) To control and regulate the use of any present or future harbor on Lake Champlain in said City and to make and put into force and effect by proper ordinances all reasonable rules and regulations not in conflict with the jurisdiction of the federal government, governing the use of the waters of Lake Champlain within the City limits and the use of any public pier, wharf, or dock within said City; the mooring and anchorage of vessels within said harbors and at piers, docks, or wharfs within the City; trespasses and nuisances upon public and privately owned wharfs, docks, and piers; and all other proper and reasonable rules and regulations in the premises, tending to promote the public safety, health, morals, convenience, utility, and the public welfare, and to fix, determine, collect, and enforce reasonable charges for the use of any public wharf, pier, or dock owned by the City, and to prescribe and enforce penalties for violation of any and all of such rules and regulations.

(57) To enter into any agreement on behalf of the City with the United States, or any department, subdivision, or agency thereof, to accept grants, loans, and assistance from the United States, or any department, subdivision, or agency thereof, to make public improvements within the City, or upon property of the City outside its corporate limits, and to make appropriations consistent with the provisions of this charter to accomplish such purpose.

(58)(A) To acquire and hold by lease, purchase, gift, condemnation under the provisions of 24 V.S.A. §§ 2805 through 2812, inclusive of the Vermont Statutes Annotated, as amended, or otherwise, and to maintain and operate within the limits of Chittenden County, a municipal parking lot or lots, a municipal parking garage or garages, and any other municipal parking structure(s), and to alter, improve, extend, add to, construct, and reconstruct such lots or garages, subject, however, to the provisions hereinafter contained in this subdivision (58). In exercising the foregoing power, and notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the City Council shall not, except pursuant to subdivision (50) of this section and section 276 of this charter, have authority to acquire any property outside the limits of the City of Burlington through the use of the power of eminent domain or condemnation. The City Council shall not be exempt from the responsibility for securing all applicable permits from any community within Chittenden County outside the limits of Burlington in which it desires to construct a parking lot or garage. Any parking lot or garage constructed by the City outside the corporate limits of Burlington shall be subject to the ad valorem property tax of the community in which it is located.

(B) The Board of Public Works Commissioners shall have general control, management, and supervision of all municipal parking lots and garages. The Board shall have power to make regulations with respect to the use of all such municipal parking lots and garages, including reasonable terms, conditions, and charges, and shall also have the power to regulate the parking, operation, and speed of vehicles and pedestrian and vehicular traffic on the public highways of the City, including such ways, streets, alleys, lanes, or other places as may be open to the public, to erect, maintain, and operate equipment and systems for the regulation of parking of vehicles; to govern and control the erection of guideposts, street signs, and street safety devices on the highways; and to prescribe regulations and penalties for violation of the same in respect to all of the matters and to remove and impound as a public nuisance, at the expense of the owner, any vehicle found parking on a public highway or in a municipal parking lot or garage in violation of any City ordinance or any regulation hereunder, and to prescribe the terms and conditions upon which the owner may redeem such vehicle from the pound, which regulations, when published in the manner provided in section 49 of this charter for the publication of ordinances, shall have the force and effect of ordinances of the City, and violations of which shall be subject to the penalties provided in section 50 of this charter. All ordinances of the City, and all regulations of the Board of Parking Commissioners, in effect prior to July 1, 1959, shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding that the subject matter thereof shall be within the jurisdiction of the Board of Public Works Commissioners, unless and until such Board shall, by regulation duly adopted and published, alter, amend, or repeal the same.

(C) The Board shall also from time to time recommend to the City Council the acquisition or construction of municipal parking lots or garages, and the City Council shall not authorize such acquisition or construction without such recommendation, nor shall the City Council dispose of or lease to others for operation any municipal parking lot or garage without the recommendation of the Board.

(D) All receipts from the operation or lease of municipal parking lots and garages shall be kept by the City Treasurer in a separate fund, to be known as the Parking Facilities Fund and shall be used for the purpose of paying any and all expenses related to operating, maintaining, acquiring, constructing, or expanding the lots and garages, including any payments on any obligation incurred for construction or repair of those lots or garages. Any amounts unused at the end of a fiscal year shall be carried over to the next fiscal year. All revenues generated from on-street parking equipment and systems shall be used by the City Council for traffic regulation and control, including acquisition or maintenance of parking facilities; proper repair or construction of streets, sidewalks, and bridges; traffic or parking demand management facilities, planning, or services; traffic calming measures; and other transportation-related activities. In addition, the City Council may vote to place any such revenues in the Parking Facilities Fund, at its discretion.

(E) If it shall reasonably appear to the Board of Public Works Commissioners at any time that the receipts from the existing municipal parking lots or garages are in excess of the amounts required for the purposes enumerated in subdivision (D) of this subdivision (58), and that the acquisition of further lots or garages is not required, they shall cause rates and charges for the use of the lots and garages, or some of them, to be reduced.

(F) If the Board of Public Works Commissioners, pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (C) of this subdivision (58), has recommended the acquisition or construction of a new parking lot or garage, the City Council may from time to time pledge, assign, or otherwise hypothecate the net revenues from the lots or garages, after the payment of operating expenses, and may mortgage any part or all of the lots or garages, including personal property located therein, to secure the payment of the cost of purchasing, acquiring, leasing, altering, improving, extending, adding to, constructing, or reconstructing the lots or garages, but the City Council shall not pledge the credit of the City for any of the purposes except in accordance with the provisions of section 62 of this charter.

(59) To fix and establish, and to provide for the collection of, sewer rents and sewage disposal charges, and to alter and amend the same, pursuant to the provisions of the general laws of the State relating thereto. In addition, the City Council shall also have the power to fix and establish by ordinance, and to alter and amend from time to time thereafter, reasonable fees to be paid for new or amended uses of lands or buildings that shall require a new or additional allocation of a portion of the City's wastewater collection system capacity, and/or wastewater treatment facilities capacity, such fees to include capacity charges, connection fees, impact fees, or similar charges related to the sewer system.

(60) To exercise any powers now or hereafter granted to municipalities under the laws of the State, and not inconsistent with the provisions of this charter; provided, however, that in the event so granted to municipalities, excepting only those powers relating to the amount of taxes that may be assessed upon the grand list, are more extensive than the powers herein contained, the powers so granted shall control.

(61) To provide by ordinance minimum requirements and standards for the subdivision of lands within the corporate limits of the City, including standards and requirements for streets, services, and utilities in such subdivisions; to prescribe penalties for the violation of such standards or requirements; to prohibit such subdivisions and to prohibit the recording or filing of plans for such subdivisions as do not comply with such standards or requirements; and to designate appropriate City officials to pass upon such compliance; provided, however, that no ordinance shall be adopted hereunder until after public hearing thereon. The term “subdivision” as used herein shall mean the division of a tract or parcel of land into two or more lots for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale or building development, excluding development for agriculture purposes, and shall include resubdivision.

(62) To provide by ordinance a procedure for waiver of process and prosecution by an individual, firm, or corporation notified or accused of a violation of a City of Burlington ordinance by payment to the City of an amount fixed by ordinance, in lieu of such process and prosecution.

(63)(A) To establish and maintain a unified Department of Public Works, the superintendent of which will be designated Public Works Director, said Department to be managed and controlled by the Mayor and City Council. The City Council may by resolution delegate any of its powers relating to the Public Works Department to the Board of Public Works Commissioners.

(B) The Board of Public Works Commissioners shall consist of seven legal voters of the City of Burlington, who shall be appointed by the City Council to serve for the term of three years, and until their successors are appointed and qualified, except as herein otherwise provided.

(C) The City Council with Mayor presiding shall appoint to the Public Works Commission seven legal voters of the City of Burlington. On the first Monday in June, 1988, and every three years thereafter, the City Council with Mayor presiding shall appoint three commissioners to serve a term of three years. On the first Monday in June 1989, and every three years thereafter, the City Council with Mayor presiding shall appoint two commissioners to serve a term of three years. On the first Monday in June 1990, and every three years thereafter, the City Council with Mayor presiding shall appoint two commissioners to serve a term of three years.

(D) The Public Works Director shall have the special and immediate care and practical supervision of the Public Works Department, its personnel, and its facilities and equipment, subject to the authority of the Mayor as Chief Executive Officer and the orders and ordinances of the City Council.

(E) Unless otherwise determined by resolution of the City Council, the Public Works Department shall, in addition to the Director, consist of a Streets Division, Water Division, Waste/Solid Waste Division, Traffic Division, Finance Division, Equipment Maintenance Division/Engineering Division, and Construction Division, each of which shall include a Manager who shall be hired as a City employee by the Director and shall serve subject to the direction of the Director.

(64)(A) Where there is no written rental agreement and notwithstanding 9 V.S.A. § 4467(c), to prohibit, by ordinance, a landlord from terminating a tenancy of rental housing within the City for no cause unless the landlord provides to the tenant written notice of at least 90 days when the tenancy has been less than two years and of at least 120 days when the tenancy has been two years or more.

(B) Unless inconsistent with a written rental agreement or otherwise provided by law, and notwithstanding the provisions of 9 V.S.A. § 4456(d), to require, by ordinance, tenants who wish to terminate a residential tenancy to give actual notice to the landlord at least two rental periods prior to the termination date specified in the notice.

(65) To prohibit increases in rent for rental housing within the City without advance written notice of at least 90 days.

(66) To regulate thermal energy systems in residential and commercial buildings, including assessing carbon impact or alternative compliance payments, for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions throughout the City. No assessment of carbon impact or alternative compliance payment shall be imposed unless previously authorized by a majority of the legal voters of the City voting on the question at an annual or special City meeting duly warned for that purpose.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 29 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 175 / Section 29
App. § 175-29. Bonding of officers
Status: in_force

All officers of the Town required to be bonded by State law shall be bonded. The amount of bonding insurance shall be determined by the Selectboard.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 45 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 126 / Section 45
App. § 126-45. Postponing and combining Town meetings
Status: in_force

(a) The Selectboard may postpone the vote on any question to be voted at a special Town meeting to the following annual meeting or a November general election if the special meeting is scheduled to occur within 75 days of the annual meeting or a November general election, except that the Selectboard may not postpone a vote if the vote is for the purpose of using or discontinuing the use of the Australian ballot system for budgets as provided in 17 V.S.A. § 2680(c) or for the recall of an elected officer.

(b) If a special Town meeting has been called, and a later special Town meeting is called by petition to be held within 45 days after the earlier special Town meeting, the Selectboard may warn the question to be voted at the earlier special Town meeting for the later Town meeting called by petition, and may by resolution rescind the call of the earlier meeting.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 40 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 417 / Section 40
App. § 417-40. Indebtedness
Status: in_force

(a) Short-term borrowing. The Board of Supervisors may borrow money through the issuance of notes of the District for the purpose of paying current expenses of the District. Such notes must mature within one year. The Board of Supervisors may also borrow money in anticipation of grants-in-aid from any source and any revenues other than assessments through the issuance of notes of the District. Such notes must mature within one year, but may be renewed as provided by general law. The Board of Supervisors may also borrow money in anticipation of assessments in an amount not to exceed 90 percent of the amount assessed for each year, and may issue notes of the District that must mature within one year. The Board of Supervisors may also borrow money in anticipation of bond proceeds that have been authorized as provided in this chapter. The Board of Supervisors may engage in capital asset financing by any other means allowed by law.

(b) Long-term indebtedness; long-term contracts.

(1) Submission to voters. On a petition signed by at least 10 percent of the voters of the District, the proposition of incurring a bonded debt or other indebtedness to pay for public improvements or of authorizing a long-term contract shall be submitted by the Board of Supervisors to the qualified voters thereof at a special meeting to be held for that purpose. In the alternative, when the Board of Supervisors, at a regular or special meeting of the Board of Supervisors called for such purpose, shall determine by resolution passed by a vote of a majority of members present and voting that the public interest or necessity demands improvements or a long-term contract, it shall order the submission of the proposition of incurring bonded debt or other indebtedness or of authorizing a long-term contract to the qualified voters of the District at a meeting to be held for that purpose. A “long-term contract” means a contract in which the District incurs obligations for which the costs are too great to be paid out of the ordinary annual income and revenues of the District, in the judgment of the Board of Supervisors. The terms “long-term contract” and “debt” or “indebtedness” shall not include any contract that is subject to annual renewal or extension at the election of the District or any contract pursuant to which payment by the District shall be subject to annual appropriations in accordance with the annual budget or any contract for services or the purchase or lease of equipment, materials, or supplies needed in the ordinary course of business of the District. The term “public improvements” shall include improvements that may be used for the benefit of the public, whether or not publicly owned or operated. Bonded debt or other indebtedness may be authorized for any purpose permitted by 24 V.S.A. chapter 53, or any other applicable statutes for any purpose for which the District is organized. The Board of Supervisors may not submit to the voters more than twice in the same calendar year the proposition of incurring bonded or other indebtedness to pay for the same or similar public improvement or of entering the same or similar long-term contract.

(2) Sale of evidence of indebtedness. Any bonds, notes, or other evidence of indebtedness of the District may be sold at par, premium, or discount at public or private sale or to the Vermont Municipal Bond bank as the District, by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Supervisors, shall determine. For this action, each member of the Board of Supervisors shall cast one vote. Such indebtedness shall constitute a joint and several general obligation of the District and its members.

(3) Warnings of meeting. The warning calling the special meeting of the District to incur bonded debt or other indebtedness or to authorize a long-term contract shall state the object and purpose for which the indebtedness or long-term contract is proposed to be incurred or authorized, the estimated cost of the improvements or service, the amount of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness proposed to be authorized, a summary of the terms of any contract proposed to be authorized, and means of raising or apportioning costs entailed thereby for debt service or payments under a long-term contract. The warning shall fix the places where and the date on which the meeting shall be held and the hours of opening and closing the polls. The Board of Supervisors, in cooperation with the board of civil authority of each member municipality, shall determine the number and location of polling places; provided, however, there shall be at least one polling place in each member municipality.

(4) Notice of meeting. The Clerk of the District shall cause notice of such special meeting to be published in a newspaper of known circulation in the District once a week for three consecutive weeks on the same day of the week, the last publication to be not less than five nor more than 10 days before such meeting. Notice of the meeting shall also be posted in at least two public places within each member municipality at least 30 and not more than 40 days before the meeting and be filed with the clerk of each member municipality and the clerk of the District prior to posting.

(5) Informational hearing. The Board of Supervisors shall call, notice, and conduct at least one public informational hearing preceding the date of the special meeting in the manner provided in section 46 of this chapter.

(6) Authorization. When a majority of all the voters present and voting on the question from all the member municipalities at such special meeting vote to authorize the issuance of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness or to authorize a long-term contract, the District shall be authorized to issue the bonds or other evidence of indebtedness as provided in 24 V.S.A. chapter 53 or other applicable statutes or to enter into the long-term contract. The ballots cast in each member municipality shall be counted by the election officials of each member municipality, preserved and secured with the checklist, and thereafter the results shall be certified to the District Clerk within 48 hours, who shall then certify the aggregate votes in favor and opposed to the proposition. Subchapter 5, sections 50 (Australian ballot), 51 (Qualifications and registration of voters), 52 (Conduct of meetings), 53 (Reconsideration or recession of vote), and 54 (Validation of District meetings) of this chapter shall apply to any District meeting called to incur long-term debt or to authorize a long-term contract.

(7) Assessment. The cost of debt service or of payments under a long-term contract shall be included in the annual budget of the District, and shall be allocated among the member municipalities as provided in sections 36 and 37 of this chapter unless otherwise provided by applicable law and in the vote authorizing the same. The applicable provisions of 24 V.S.A. chapter 53, or other enabling law under which debt is incurred, or long-term contracts authorized, shall apply to the issuance of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness by the District, and for that purpose, the District shall be deemed a “municipal corporation” the Board of Supervisors shall be deemed a “legislative branch,” and the District Treasurer shall be deemed a “municipal treasurer” within the purview of that chapter. Bonds or other evidence of indebtedness and long-term contracts shall be signed by the Treasurer and Chair of the Board of Supervisors of the District.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 64b — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 64b
App. § 3-64b. Revenue bonds authorized
Status: in_force

(a) The following terms when used in this section shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the following meanings:

(1) The term “revenue producing facility” shall mean any building, activity, function, or service that any executive officer or department of the City is authorized to construct, operate, or carry out and for which the City receives revenue in the form of rent admission or use fees, concession fees, or other consideration. Provided, the facilities and activities of the Burlington Electric Light Department, the Burlington Water Resources Department, and the airport as herein defined shall be excluded from this definition of revenue producing facility.

(2) The term “airport” shall mean the entire airport now owned by the City, including runways, hangars, loading facilities, repair shops, terminals, retail stores in such terminals, restaurants, parking areas, and other facilities necessary or convenient for the operation of the airport, together with any improvements thereto hereafter constructed or acquired.

(3) The term “bonds” shall mean any bonds, notes, or obligations of the City issued pursuant to this section.

(4) The term “City” shall mean the City of Burlington.

(5) The term “improvement” shall mean any improvement, expansion, betterment, addition, alteration, reconstruction, extraordinary repair, equipping, or reequipping of the airport.

(6) The term “related laws” shall mean those acts of the Vermont General Assembly that are specifically applicable to the City of Burlington and are set out in Part I, Subpart B of the Burlington Code of Ordinances but that do not specifically amend sections of the Burlington City charter.

(7) The term “revenues” shall mean all rates, fees, charges, rents, and other income derived from the ownership or operation of a revenue producing facility or of the airport and may include, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, investment earnings and the proceeds of insurance, condemnation, sale, or other disposition of revenue producing facility or airport assets and proceeds of borrowing hereunder.

(b) The City is hereby authorized and empowered to improve its revenue producing facilities and its airport for the purpose of providing expanded service and facilities to the users of such revenue producing facilities and airport.

(c)(1) The City is hereby authorized and empowered to issue bonds, from time to time, for the purpose of financing the costs of any improvement to a revenue producing facility or the airport; provided, however, that no bonds other than refunding bonds shall be issued under this section unless and until a majority of the legal voters of the City present and voting thereon at any annual or special City meeting duly warned for the purpose shall have first voted to authorize the issuance of such bonds. Said bonds and the interest thereon shall be payable solely and exclusively from the revenues of the revenue producing facility and/or the airport as the case may be and shall not constitute general indebtedness of the City nor be an obligation or liability upon the City to pay the same from any funds of the City other than the revenues of said revenue producing facility or airport. No airport revenues may be pledged or payable to support a revenue producing facility, nor may the revenues of a revenue producing facility be pledged or payable to support the airport. No owner or owners of any bonds issued under this section shall ever have the right to compel any exercise of the taxing power of the City to pay said bonds or the interest thereon. Said bonds shall not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any debt limitation or restriction and shall not be within any statutory limitation upon the power of the City to issue bonds. It shall be plainly stated on the face of each bond that it does not constitute an indebtedness of the City but is payable solely from the revenues of the revenue producing facility or of the airport.

(2) Bonds issued under this section may be issued in one or more series, may bear such date or dates, mature at such time or times both exceeding 40 years from their respective dates, bear interest at such rate or rates (whether variable or fixed), be in such denominations, be in registered form, have such rank or priority, be executed in such manner, be payable in such medium of payment, at such place or places, and be subject to such terms of redemption, with or without premium, be declared or become due before the maturity date thereof as may be determined or authorized by resolution of the City Council. Said bonds may be sold at public or private sale for such price or prices as the City Council shall determine.

(3) In case any officer of the City whose signature appears on any bond or coupon shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such bond, such a signature shall, nevertheless, be valid and sufficient for all purposes, the same as if he or she had remained in office until such delivery. Any provision of any law to the contrary notwithstanding, any bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be deemed to be investment securities under the Uniform Commercial Code. Any bonds issued by the City pursuant to the provisions of this section are declared to be issued for an essential public and governmental purpose and to be public instrumentalities, and, together with interest and income thereon, shall be exempt from taxes. The resolution authorizing the issuance of said bonds may provide that the bonds shall contain a recital that they are issued pursuant to this section, which recital shall be conclusive evidence of their validity and of the regularity of their issuance.

(d) In order to secure the payment of any of the bonds issued pursuant to this section, the interest thereon, or in connection with such bonds, the City shall have power as to such bonds, to the extent not inconsistent with the mandatory provisions of this section:

(1) to pledge all or any part of the revenues derived from the revenue producing facility to secure payment of bonds issued for a revenue producing facility or from the airport to secure payment of bonds issued for the airport;

(2) to provide for the terms, forms, registration, exchange execution, and authentication of such bonds;

(3) to provide for the replacement of lost, destroyed, or mutilated bonds;

(4) to covenant as to the use and disposition of the proceeds from the sale of such bonds and as to the use and disposition of revenues, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the establishment of reserves for debt service of other capital or current expenses from bond proceeds or revenues or both;

(5) to covenant as to the rates, charges, and rents of the revenue producing facility or airport, provided that the City shall always collect revenues adequate at all times to provide for the proper operation and maintenance of the revenue producing facility or airport and for the payment of the principal of and interest on all bonds payable from said revenues and all other required payments in connection therewith;

(6) to redeem such bonds, and to covenant for their redemption, and to provide the terms and conditions thereof;

(7) to covenant and prescribe as to what happenings or occurrences shall constitute “events of default” and the terms and conditions upon which such declaration and its consequences may be waived;

(8) to covenant as to the rights, liabilities, powers, and duties arising upon the breach by it of any covenant, conditions, or obligations;

(9) to vest in a trustee or trustees the right to receive all or any part of the income and revenue pledged and assigned to, or for the benefit of, the owner or owners of bonds issued hereunder, and to hold, apply, and dispose of the same and the right to enforce any covenant made to secure or pay the bonds or made in relation to the bonds; to execute and deliver a trust agreement or trust agreements that may set forth the powers and duties and the remedies available to such trustee or trustees and limiting the liabilities thereof and describing what occurrences shall constitute “events of default” and prescribing the terms and conditions upon which such trustee or trustees or the owner or owners of bonds of any specified amount of percentage of such bonds may exercise such rights and enforce any and all such covenants and resort to such remedies as may be appropriate;

(10) to make covenants other than, and in addition to, the covenants herein authorized, of like or different character, necessary or advisable to effectuate the purposes of this section;

(11) to execute all instruments necessary or convenient in the exercise of the powers herein granted or in the performance of its covenants or duties.

(e)(1) Any pledge hereunder shall be valid and binding and shall be deemed continuously perfected from time to time when the pledge is made; unless otherwise provided in the resolution making the pledge, the pledge of revenues shall include any contract or other rights to receive the same, whether then existing or thereafter coming into existence and whether then held or thereafter acquired by the City, and the proceeds thereof; the revenues, rights and proceeds so pledged and then held or thereafter acquired by the City shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery or segregation thereof or further act; and the lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against the City, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. The resolution by which a pledge is made need not be filed or recorded except in the records of the proceedings of the City Council and no filing need be made under the Uniform Commercial Code.

(2) A resolution pledging revenues hereunder may provide for priorities among payments to be made from such revenues, whether required by statute, the City charter, such resolution, or otherwise. The pledge may include revenues otherwise accruing to particular funds established by statute or the City charter. In the event bonds are issued junior and subordinate to other bonds, revenues remaining from time to time that are permitted by the terms of the senior bonds to be used to pay or secure the junior bonds may be pledged for that purpose by the resolution under which the junior bonds are issued. A pledge of revenues under this section shall constitute a sufficient appropriation thereof for the purpose of any provision for appropriation and such revenues may be applied as required by the pledge without further appropriation.

(f) The City may issue refunding bonds for the purpose of paying any of its bonds issued hereunder at maturity or upon acceleration or redemption. The refunding bonds may be issued at such time prior to the maturity or redemption of the refunded bonds as the City deems to be in the public interest. The refunding bonds may be issued in sufficient amounts to pay or provide the principal of the bonds being refunded, together with any redemption premium thereon, any interest accrued or to accrue to the date of payment of such bonds, the expenses of issue of the refunding bonds, the expenses of redeeming the bonds being refunded, and such reserves for debt service or other capital or current expenses from the proceeds of such refunding bonds as may be required by a resolution under which bonds are issued. The issue of refunding bonds, the maturities and other details thereof, the security therefor, the rights of the owners thereof, and the rights, duties, and obligations of the City with respect thereto shall be governed by the provisions of this section relating to the issue of bonds other than refunding bonds insofar as the same may be applicable.

(g) Unless otherwise provided in the authorizing proceedings, if bonds are authorized under this section, temporary notes may be issued in anticipation thereof. The City Council may delegate the sale (but not the authorization) of temporary notes to an officer or officers of the City. The principal of and interest on notes may be renewed or paid from time to time by the issue of other notes. Except as otherwise provided, notes issued under this subsection shall be governed by the provisions of this section relating to bonds insofar as the same may be applicable.

(h) Except as otherwise permitted by this section, all monies received from the issue of bonds for improvements to revenue producing facilities or for airport improvements (other than refunding bonds) shall be used solely to defray the cost of improving the revenue producing facility or the airport of the City as the case may be. The cost of improving shall include all costs of improvement, including all preliminary expenses, the cost of acquiring all property, franchises, easements, and rights necessary or convenient therefor, engineering and legal expenses, expenses for estimates of costs and revenues, expenses for plans, specifications, and surveys, other expenses incident or necessary to determining the feasibility or practicability of a project, administrative expenses, interest prior to and during the carrying out of any project and for a reasonable period thereafter, such reserves for debt service or other capital or current expenses as may be required by the resolution under which the bonds are issued, and such other expenses as may be incurred in the financing herein authorized, the improvement of the revenue producing facility or the airport, the placing of an improvement in operation, including the creation of cash working funds, and the performance of the things herein required or permitted in connection therewith.

(i) Any owner or owners of bonds, and a trustee or trustees for holders of such bonds shall have the right in addition to all other rights.

(1) By mandamus or other suit, action, or proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction to enforce his or her or their rights against the City, the City Council and any other proper officer, agent, or employee of any of them, including the right to require the City, the City Council, and any proper officer, agent, or employee of any of them, to fix and collect rates, charges, and rents adequate to carry out any agreement as to, or pledge of revenues, and to require the City, the City Council, and any officer, agent, or employee of any of them to carry out any other covenants or agreements and to perform its and their duties under this section;

(2) By actions or suit in equity to enjoin any acts or things that may be unlawful or a violation of the rights of such holder of bonds.

(j) The City shall have power by resolution of its City Council to confer upon any owner or owners of a specified amount or percentage of bonds, including a trustee or trustees for such owners, the right in the event of an “event of default” as defined in such resolution or as may be defined in any agreement with the owner or owners of such bonds or the trustee or trustees therefor:

(1) By suit, action, or proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction to obtain the appointment of a receiver of the revenue facility or the airport as applicable or any part or parts thereof. If such receiver be appointed, he or she may enter and take possession of such revenue producing facility or airport or any part or parts thereof and operate and maintain the same, and collect and receive all revenues thereafter arising therefrom in the same manner as the City itself might do and shall deposit such monies in a separate account or accounts and apply the same in accordance with the obligations of the City as the court shall direct.

(2) By suit, action, or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction to require the City to account as if it were the trustee of an express trust. Any such resolution shall constitute a contract between the City and the owners of bonds of such issue.

(k) The powers conferred by this section shall be in addition and supplemental to the power conferred by any other law or by any other section of this City charter or the related laws of the City. Bonds may be issued hereunder for the improvement of a revenue producing facility and/or the airport, notwithstanding that any other law may provide for the issuance of bonds for the like purpose and without regard to the requirements, restrictions, or procedural provisions contained in any other law. Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude the City from issuing general obligation bonds or notes in accordance with applicable law to finance improvements to a revenue producing facility or to the airport. Such financing shall not be governed by the provisions of this section. It shall not be necessary for the City proceeding under this charter to obtain a certificate of convenience or necessity, franchise, license, permit, or other authorization or approval from any bureau, board, commission, or other instrumentality of the State of Vermont or the City for the issuance of bonds hereunder except as expressly provided in this section.

(l) This section is remedial in nature and the powers hereby granted shall be liberally construed to effectuate the purposes hereof, and to this and the City shall have power to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes hereof in addition to the powers expressly conferred in this section.

(m) It is hereby declared that the subsections, clauses, sentences, and parts of this section are severable, are not matters of mutual essential inducement, and any of them shall be exscinded if this section would otherwise be unconstitutional or ineffective; it is the intention to confer upon the City the whole or any part of the powers in this charter provided for, and if any one or more subsections clauses, sentences, and parts of this section shall for any reason be questioned in any court, and shall be adjudged unconstitutional or invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remaining provisions thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the specific provision or provisions so held unconstitutional or invalid, and the inapplicability or invalidity of such subsection, clause, sentence, or part of this section in any one or more instances shall not be taken to affect or prejudice in any way its applicability or validity in any other instance.

(n) The powers granted to the City hereunder shall be exercised by its City Council. No provisions hereof shall be deemed to permit the exercise or any power in violation of the rights of bonds or note owners.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 6 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 7 / Section 6
App. § 7-6. Elections of officers at annual meeting
Status: in_force

At the annual meeting the said corporations shall elect from among the legal voters of said City a Mayor, City Clerk, four aldermen, a City Treasurer, one Constable, three listers, three auditors, and three grand jurors, who shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, except that at the first annual meeting of said corporation two of said aldermen shall be elected for one year and two for two years; one of said listers shall be elected for one year, one for two years, and one for three years; one of said auditors shall be elected for one year, one for two years and one for three years, and at each succeeding annual election two aldermen shall be elected for two years, one lister for three years, and one auditor for three years. The City Clerk and the Treasurer shall be elected for a term of three years, and the Mayor for a term of two years.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 210 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 407 / Section 210
App. § 407-210. Vacancy
Status: in_force

Any vacancy on the Board of Supervisors shall be filled within 30 days after such vacancy occurs by appointment by the authority that appointed the representative whose position has become vacant. An appointee to a vacancy shall serve until the expiration of the term of the representative to whose position the appointment was made and may thereafter be reappointed.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 11 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 171 / Section 11
App. § 171-11. Use of streets by public utilities and private interests
Status: in_force

Every public utility and private interest that desires to dig up a public street or alley for the purpose of laying pipes or wires shall first obtain from the Selectboard, through its appointee, a written permit stating the place where and the time when digging may be done. Upon receipt of a permit, the digging up and replacing of the street or alley shall be done under the supervision of the Selectboard, who may complete the work at the expense of the utility or private interest and recover that expense in an action of tort in the name of the Town, with costs.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 7 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 149 / Section 7
App. § 149-7. Potential or actual conflict of interest; personal financial interest
Status: in_force

The Selectboard shall adopt and maintain a conflict of interest policy.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 146 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 146
App. § 3-146. Redeemed bonds, notes, and interest coupons to be kept
Status: in_force

When old notes or bonds and any interest coupons are taken up by payment thereof, by exchange or by sale of the new notes or bonds, the Chief Administrative Officer shall keep a record of the same and such old notes or bonds and interest coupons shall be cancelled and kept on file in the Chief Administrative Officer's office for a period of 14 years from the date when the note or bond is taken up and cancelled and after such period of 14 years such cancelled notes or bonds and interest coupons thereof may be destroyed.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 32 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 401 / Section 32
App. § 401-32. Fiscal year
Status: in_force

The fiscal year of the District shall commence on July 1 and end on June 30 of each year.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 431 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 431
App. § 3-431. Definitions
Status: in_force

The following terms when used in this article shall have the following meaning:

(1) The term “City” shall mean the City of Burlington.

(2) The term “electric plant” shall mean the complete municipal electric generating, transmission, and distribution system now owned by the City, together with any improvements thereto hereafter constructed or acquired, and the complete municipal natural, manufactured, or synthetic gas generating, transmission, and distribution system now or hereafter owned by the City, together with any improvements thereto hereafter constructed or acquired, and all other facilities, including those authorized by 30 V.S.A. § 604, equipment, and appurtenances necessary or appropriate to such system, for the furnishing of electric power, and energy or gas for lighting, heating, power or any other purpose for which electric power and energy or gas can be used. Such term may include facilities for the production and distribution of steam and hot or chilled water, timberlands or other fuel sources, facilities for the production, processing, transportation, and storage of fuel to be used in the production of utilities furnished by the City, facilities for the processing or disposal of solid waste involving the production of such utilities (with or without other byproducts) from solid waste (with or without other fuels), and innovative or experimental facilities for the utilization of conventional or other energy sources for the production of such utilities, including pilot or demonstration facilities.

(3) The term “improvement” shall mean any improvement, extension, betterment, addition, alteration, reconstruction, extraordinary repair, equipping, or re-equipping of the electric plant of the City.

(4) The term “electric service” shall mean the furnishing of the electric power and energy or gas for lighting, heating, power, or any other purpose for which electric power and energy or gas can be used. Such term may include the furnishing of steam and hot or chilled water, and the processing or disposal of solid waste. Such term may also include ownership, operation, and utilization of cable television, fiber optic cable, and other telecommunications within the corporate limits of the City, provided that the City shall have no power under 30 V.S.A. chapter 79 to take by eminent domain telecommunications, cable television, or natural gas property, and provided further that before the City may sell telecommunications or cable television services it shall obtain a certificate of public good under 30 V.S.A. § 231 from the Public Utility Commission.

(5) The term “acquire” shall mean to purchase, to acquire by eminent domain, to lease, to construct, to reconstruct, or to replace.

(6) The term “improve” shall mean to acquire any improvement.

(7) The term “bonds” shall mean any bonds, notes, interim certificates, debentures, or other obligations issued by the City pursuant to this article and payable out of the revenues of the electric plant.

(8) The terms “revenues” and “revenues derived from electric service” shall mean all rates, fees, charges, or other income received by the City, or accrued to the City, or any Board or Agency thereof in control of the management and operation of said electric plant, and all parts thereof, and may include, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, investment earnings, rentals, proceeds of insurance, condemnation, or other disposition of plant assets and proceeds of borrowing hereunder.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 125 / Section 2
App. § 125-2. Powers of Select Board
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise specifically provided by law or by a vote of the citizens of the Town at an annual or special meeting, the Select Board may determine the articles to be voted upon by Australian ballot at a special or annual Town meeting and shall indicate such in the warning.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 503 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 133 / Section 503
App. § 133-503. Record of proceedings
Status: in_force

(a) The Selectboard shall keep an official record of its proceedings.

(b) The minutes of each meeting shall be approved by the Selectboard and shall be filed in the Town Clerk's office. A duly certified copy of such minutes, attesting to the accuracy thereof, shall constitute the official record of such meeting and shall constitute prima facie evidence of the action taken.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 150 / Section 1
App. § 150-1. Corporate existence retained
Status: in_force

The inhabitants of the Town of St. Albans, within the corporate limits now established, shall continue to be a municipal corporation by the name of the Town of St. Albans.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 44 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 417 / Section 44
App. § 417-44. Special District meetings
Status: in_force

The Board of Supervisors may call a special meeting of the District when it deems it necessary or prudent to do so, and shall call a special meeting of the District when action by the voters of the District is necessary under this chapter or under any applicable law. In addition, the Board of Supervisors shall call a special meeting of the District if petitioned to do so by not less than five percent of the legal voters of the District. The Board of Supervisors may rescind the call of a special meeting called by it but not a special meeting called on application of five percent of the legal voters of the District. The Board of Supervisors shall endeavor to have the time of such special meetings coincide with the time of annual municipal meetings, primary elections, general elections, or similar meetings when the electorate within the member municipalities will be voting on other matters.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 601 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 131 / Section 601
App. § 131-601. Transfer
Status: in_force

On and after the effective date of this charter, the ownership, control, and management of the Village water and sewer systems shall be vested in the Town, subject to all indebtedness and liabilities relating thereto; provided, however, that administration of said systems and payment of existing liabilities relating thereto shall be as specifically provided for in this charter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 4 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 171 / Section 4
App. § 171-4. Intergovernmental relations
Status: in_force

The Town may exercise any of its powers, or perform any of its functions, and may participate in the financing thereof, jointly or in cooperation, by contract or otherwise, with any other towns, cities, and school systems, or one or more states or civil division or agencies thereof, or the United States or any agency thereof.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 12 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 12
App. § 11-12. City Clerk
Status: repealed

(a) The City Council shall appoint a City Clerk. The City Clerk shall perform for the City the same duties devolving by law upon town clerks, except as far as the same are rendered unnecessary by this charter, and shall collect the same fees therefor to be paid into the City Treasury for the use of the City.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) The City Clerk and Treasurer may be one and the same person.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 20 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 171 / Section 20
App. § 171-20. Host town agreements
Status: in_force

A facility certified under 10 V.S.A. chapter 159 shall enter into a host town agreement with the Town of Williston to make a compensatory host payment prior to certification or renewal of certification.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1501 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 269 / Section 1501
App. § 269-1501. Fiscal year
Status: in_force

The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of July and end on the last day of June.
24 V.S.A. § 2782 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 76 / Section 2782
§ 2782. Proposals for performance grants for economic development
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary shall negotiate and issue performance grants to qualified regional development corporations, regional planning commissions, or both in the case of a joint proposal, to provide economic development services under this chapter.

(b) A proposal shall be submitted in response to a request for proposals issued by the Secretary.

(c) The Secretary may require that a service provider submit with a proposal, or subsequent to the filing of a proposal, additional supportive data or information that he or she considers necessary to make a decision to award or to assess the effectiveness of a performance grant.
24 V.S.A. § 4753 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 120 / Section 4753
§ 4753. Revolving loan funds; authority to spend; report
Status: repealed

(a) There is hereby established a series of special funds to be known as:

(1) The Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pollution Control Revolving Fund, which shall be used, consistent with federal law, to provide loans for planning and construction of clean water projects, including acquisitions of project-related easements, land, options to purchase land, and temporary or permanent rights-of-way, and for implementing related management programs.

(2) The Vermont Pollution Control Revolving Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to municipalities and State agencies for planning and construction of clean water projects, including acquisitions of project-related easements, land, options to purchase land, and temporary or permanent rights-of-way.

(3) The Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to municipalities and certain privately owned water systems for:

(A) planning, designing, constructing, repairing, or improving public water supply systems, including acquisitions of project-related easements, land, options to purchase land, and temporary or permanent rights-of-way, in order to comply with State and federal standards and protect public health and the environment; and

(B) implementing related management programs.

(4) The Vermont Solid Waste Revolving Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to municipalities, including union municipal districts formed under chapter 121, subchapter 3 of this title, for planning solid waste handling and disposal facilities as enumerated in section 2203a of this title, and for constructing publicly owned solid waste handling and disposal facilities as enumerated in section 2203a of this title.

(5) The Vermont Drinking Water Planning Loan Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to municipalities and privately owned, nonprofit community water systems, for conducting feasibility studies and for the preparation of preliminary engineering planning studies and final engineering plans and specifications for improvements to public water supply systems in order to comply with State and federal standards and to protect public health. The Secretary may forgive up to $50,000.00 of the unpaid balance of a loan made from the Vermont Drinking Water Planning Loan Fund to municipalities after project construction is substantially completed or upon approval of a plan. The Secretary shall establish amounts, eligibility, policies, and procedures for loan forgiveness in the annual State Intended Use Plan (IUP), as required by the Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. § 300f et seq., with public review and comment prior to finalization and submission to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

(6) The Vermont Drinking Water Source Protection Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to municipalities for purchasing land or conservation easements in order to protect public water sources and ensure compliance with State and federal drinking water regulations.

(7) The Vermont Drinking Water Emergency Use Fund, which shall be within the control of the Secretary. Disbursements from the Fund may be made by the Secretary for costs required to undertake the following emergency actions that the Secretary considers necessary to protect public health:

(A) collecting and analyzing samples of drinking water;

(B) hiring contractors to perform or cause to be performed infrastructure repairs of public water supply systems;

(C) hiring certified operators to perform operational activities at public water supply systems; and

(D) providing or causing to be provided bottled or bulk water for public water supply systems due to problems with quality or quantity, or both.

(8) [Repealed.]

(9) The Vermont Drinking Water Revolving Loan Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to a municipality for the design, land acquisition, if necessary, and construction of a potable water supply when a household in the municipality has been disconnected involuntarily from a public water supply system for reasons other than nonpayment of fees.

(10) The Vermont Wastewater and Potable Water Revolving Loan Fund, which shall be used to provide loans to individuals, in accordance with section 4763b of this title, for the design and construction of repairs to or replacement of wastewater systems and potable water supplies when the wastewater system or potable water supply is a failed system or supply as defined in 10 V.S.A. § 1972, or when a designer demonstrates that the wastewater system or potable water supply has a high probability of failing. The amount of up to $275,000.00 from the fees collected pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 2822(j)(4) or from the Fund established in subdivision (1) of this subsection, or a combination of both, shall be deposited into this Fund at the beginning of each fiscal year to ensure a minimum balance of available funds of $275,000.00 exists for each fiscal year.

(b)(1) Each of such funds shall be established and held separate and apart from any other funds or monies of the State and shall be used and administered exclusively for the purpose of this chapter with the exception of transferring funds from the Vermont Drinking Water Planning Loan Fund and the Vermont Drinking Water Source Protection Fund to the Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, and from the Vermont Pollution Control Revolving Fund to the Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pollution Control Revolving Fund, when authorized by the Secretary.

(2) These funds shall be administered by the Bond Bank on behalf of the State, except that:

(A) the Vermont EPA Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and the Vermont Drinking Water Planning Loan Fund shall be administered by VEDA concerning loans to privately owned public water systems in accordance with subchapter 3 of this chapter;

(B) the Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pollution Control Revolving Fund shall be administered by VEDA concerning loans to private entities for clean water projects in accordance with subchapter 4 of this chapter; and

(C) the Vermont Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pollution Control Revolving Fund and the Vermont Wastewater and Potable Water Revolving Loan Fund may be administered by a community development financial institution, as that term is defined in 12 U.S.C. § 4702, that is contracted with by the State for the purpose of providing loans to individuals in accordance with section 4763b of this chapter.

(3) The funds shall be invested in the same manner as permitted for investment of funds belonging to the State or held in the Treasury.

(4) The funds shall consist of the following:

(A) such sums as may be appropriated or transferred thereto from time to time by the General Assembly, the State Emergency Board, or the Joint Fiscal Committee during such times as the General Assembly is not in session;

(B) principal and interest received from the repayment of loans made from each of such funds;

(C) capitalization grants and awards made to the State by the United States of America for any of the purposes for which such funds have been established;

(D) interest earned from the investment of fund balances;

(E) private gifts, bequests, and donations made to the State for any of the purposes for which such funds have been established; and

(F) other funds from any public or private source intended for use for any of the purposes for which such funds have been established.

(c) In addition to the purposes established in subsection (a) of this section, the various loan funds created by this section may be used for one or more of the purposes established in section 4757 of this title.

(d) [Repealed.]

(e) The Secretary may bring an action under this subsection or other available State and federal laws against the owner or permittee of the public water supply systems to seek reimbursement to the Vermont Drinking Water Emergency Use Fund for all disbursements from the Fund made pursuant to subdivision (a)(7) of this section. To the extent compatible with the urgency of the situation, the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for the responsible water system owner or permittee to undertake the necessary actions under the direction of the Secretary prior to making disbursements.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1110 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 1110
App. § 5-1110. Debt limits
Status: in_force

The City's debt limits shall be calculated as provided by general laws of the State.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 22 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 175 / Section 22
App. § 175-22. Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this charter is held invalid, the other provisions of the charter shall not be affected thereby. If the application of the charter or any of its provisions to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the application of this charter and its provisions to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 62 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 126 / Section 62
App. § 126-62. Preparation and submission of budget
Status: in_force

At least 30 days before the date of the annual Town meeting, the Selectboard shall adopt a proposed budget. The budget shall contain:

(1) an estimate of the financial condition of the Town as of the end of the fiscal year and as of the date of submission of the budget;

(2) an itemized statement of appropriations recommended for operating expenses and capital improvements for the proposed fiscal year budget with comparative statements in parallel columns of budgeted and actual expenditures for the preceding fiscal year;

(3) an itemized statement of estimated revenues from all sources other than taxes for the proposed fiscal year budget, a statement of anticipated revenues from taxes required for the proposed fiscal year budget, and comparative statements in parallel columns of budgeted and actual revenues for the preceding fiscal year;

(4) a capital plan for the next five fiscal years, showing anticipated capital expenditures and financing and revenue sources; and

(5) any other information that the Selectboard may decide to include.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 25 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 901 / Section 25
App. § 901-25. Committees
Status: in_force

The Board shall have the authority to establish any and all committees as it may deem necessary.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 101 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 101
App. § 5-101. City of Montpelier
Status: in_force

The inhabitants of the territory formerly the Town of Montpelier, and that portion of the Town of Berlin annexed to the City of Montpelier, by an act entitled, “An act to annex an adjacent portion of the Town of Berlin to the City of Montpelier,” which act was approved November 29, 1898, are hereby incorporated as a municipal corporation under the name of the City of Montpelier (hereafter the City); and under that name may sue and be sued, prosecute and defend in any court; may have a common seal and alter it at pleasure; may borrow money on the credit of the City, in the mode and under the restrictions hereinafter provided; may elect representatives to the General Assembly of the State, and the number of justices of the peace as provided in Chapter II of the Vermont Constitution for a town of equal population; and generally shall have, exercise, and enjoy all such rights, immunities, powers, and privileges as are conferred upon, or are incident to, towns in this State; and shall be subject to like duties, liabilities, and obligations, except as otherwise provided in this charter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 21 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 123B / Section 21
App. § 123B-21. Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this charter is held invalid, the other provisions of the charter shall not be affected thereby. If the application of the charter or any of its provisions to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the application of this charter and its provisions to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 307 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 269 / Section 307
App. § 269-307. Bonding of officers
Status: in_force

All officers of the Village required to be bonded by State law shall be so bonded.
24 V.S.A. § 3609 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 101 / Section 3609
§ 3609. Hearing and order of necessity
Status: in_force

(a) At the time and place appointed for the hearing, the court shall hear all persons interested and wishing to be heard. If any person owning or having an interest in land to be taken or affected appears and objects to the necessity of taking the land included within the survey or any part of the survey, then the court shall require the board to proceed with the introduction of evidence of the necessity of the taking.

(b) The burden of proof of the necessity of the taking shall be upon the board.

(c) The court may cite in additional parties including other property owners whose interests may be concerned or affected by any taking of land or interest in land based on any ultimate order of the court.

(d) The court shall make findings of fact and file them. The court shall, by its order, determine whether necessity requires the taking of land and rights and may modify or alter the proposed taking as the court may deem proper. (1963, No. 214, § 5; renumbered from 24 V.S.A. § 3607 by 2023, No. 143 (Adj. Sess.), § 13, eff. July 1, 2024.)
24 V.S.A. § 314 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 5 / Section 314
§ 314. Repealed. 2023, No. 171 (Adj. Sess.), § 2a, eff. June 10, 2024.
Status: repealed

(2023 No. 30, § 4a; repealed by 2023, No. 171 (Adj. Sess.), § 2a, eff. June 10, 2024.)
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 207 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 409 / Section 207
App. § 409-207. Quorum
Status: in_force

To transact business, supervisors who represent more than one-half of the members and whose votes constitute more than 50 percent of the total votes of all supervisors must be present. No proxies shall be allowed. A smaller number may adjourn to a later date, provided notice is given to all members as if such adjourned meeting were a special meeting. If a quorum is not attained at two consecutive regular meetings, a quorum may be attained at the next regular meeting by the presence of either supervisors from one-half of the members or supervisors whose votes constitute 50 percent of the total votes of all supervisors.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 209 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 113 / Section 209
App. § 113-209. Jurisdiction over other officers or employees
Status: in_force

Neither the Selectboard nor any of its members shall direct or request the appointment by another officer or employee of the Town of any person to office or employment, or any person's suspension or removal therefrom, or in any manner take part in the appointment, discipline, or removal of subordinates and employees of the Town except as otherwise provided in this charter. The Selectboard and its members shall deal with that portion of the service of the Town for which the Town Manager is responsible solely through the Town Manager, and neither the Selectboard nor any of its members shall give any orders to or request any action by any subordinate in office. This shall not prohibit the Selectboard from recommending to the Town Manager a prospective employee for the Town Manager's consideration.
24 V.S.A. § 2299j — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 61 / Section 2299j
§ 2299j. Access for examination of land
Status: in_force

Solid waste management districts organized pursuant to chapter 121 of this title, or by charter, after making reasonable effort to provide notice, may enter on any lands and premises for the purpose of making surveys and conducting hydrogeological studies, including subsurface investigations, and other scientific studies and, in the event entry is denied or resisted, they may obtain an order for this purpose from any Superior Court of a county in which the property is located. Orders issued under this section shall specify when solid waste management districts may enter land or premises, the manner and timing of notice they shall give before any such entry, the allowed duration of any entry, and a suitable payment for entry, if any. Solid waste management districts shall be liable for damage done as a result of their entry on lands or premises.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 103 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 4 / Section 103
App. § 4-103. Specific powers
Status: in_force

(a) The City of Essex Junction shall have all the powers granted to cities and municipal corporations by the Constitution and laws of this State together with all the implied powers necessary to carry into execution all the powers granted, and it may enact ordinances not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the State of Vermont or with this charter.

(b) The City of Essex Junction may acquire real and personal property within or without its corporate limits for any municipal purpose, including storm water collection and disposal; waste water collection and disposal; solid waste collection and disposal; provision of public water supply; provision of public parks and recreation facilities; provision of municipal facilities for office, fire protection, and police protection; provision of public libraries; provision of public parking areas; provision of sidewalks, bicycle paths, and green strips; provision of public roadways; provision of public view zones and open spaces; and such other purposes as are addressed under the general laws of the State of Vermont.

(c) The City of Essex Junction may acquire such property in fee simple or any lesser interest or estate, by purchase, gift, devise, lease, or condemnation and may sell, lease, mortgage, hold, manage, and control such property as its interest may require.

(d) The City of Essex Junction may exercise any of its powers or perform any of its functions and may participate in the financing thereof, jointly or in cooperation, by contract or otherwise, with other Vermont municipalities, the State of Vermont, any one or more subdivisions or agencies of the State or the United States.

(e) The City of Essex Junction may establish and maintain an electric power system and regulate power line installations; provided, however, that the City shall have no authority under this charter that conflicts with that authority granted to the Public Utilities Commission or any other state regulatory agency. The City of Essex Junction may also establish a telecommunications system and an enterprise to deliver Internet or broadband services.

(f) In this charter, mention of a particular power shall not be construed to be exclusive or to restrict the scope of the powers that the City of Essex Junction would otherwise have if the particular power were not mentioned.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 20 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 401 / Section 20
App. § 401-20. Bond
Status: in_force

Prior to assuming their offices, all officers shall post bond in such amounts as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Supervisors. The cost of such bond shall be borne by the District.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 15 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 173 / Section 15
App. § 173-15. Moderator
Status: in_force

A Moderator shall be elected for a term of one year and shall perform all duties required by this charter and, to the extent not in conflict with this charter, all duties required by laws of the State of Vermont.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 701 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 13 / Section 701
App. § 13-701. Planning Commission
Status: in_force

(a) The Planning Commission shall consist of seven persons appointed by the Council. In addition, the City Manager shall serve as a member ex-officio without vote.

(b) Four commissioners shall have terms of four years and three commissioners shall have terms of three years. Present commissioners shall continue in office until the expiration of their terms. In implementing this section, the initial terms of commissioners shall be arranged by the City Council so that the terms of two members shall expire each year. Any appointment to fill a vacancy shall be for the unexpired term.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 601 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 411 / Section 601
App. § 411-601. Withdrawal by a member municipality
Status: in_force

A member municipality may withdraw from the District upon the following terms and conditions:

(1) A member municipality may withdraw from the District upon a positive vote of the legal voters of the municipality to withdraw at a duly warned regular or special meeting of the municipality. Any withdrawing municipality shall continue to be obligated to pay to the District its share of all debt incurred by the District prior to its withdrawal; its share of the cost of all long-term contracts entered into by the District prior to its withdrawal; and all costs, including costs for legal services incurred by the District, in connection with such withdrawal. A withdrawing municipality shall, in addition, be liable to the District for any subsequent liability incurred by the District by reason of any actions or omissions of the District during the time the withdrawing municipality was a member of the District, the withdrawing municipality's liability being the total of the District's liability multiplied by the fraction the numerator of which is the total volume of waste disposed of by the withdrawing municipality during the period the liability was created, and the denominator of which is the total volume of waste disposed of by the District during the period the liability was created.

(2) No member municipality may withdraw from the District until at least one year after the District commences to be a body politic and corporate, and may withdraw from the District only if the District has not voted to bond for construction and improvements.

(3) Any withdrawal by a member municipality shall take place in accordance with the procedures set forth in 24 V.S.A. § 4863(h) and (j).
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 28 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 28
App. § 11-28. Construction and maintenance of roads and walks
Status: in_force

(a) The City Council may lay out, alter, maintain, establish, and change the grade of and discontinue any street, road, lane, alley walk, or sidewalk in the City and appraise and settle damages therefor, causing its proceedings to be recorded in the City Clerk's office in the City, provided that any person aggrieved by its proceeding shall have the like opportunity for applying to the County Court for the County of Franklin to obtain redress as is or may be allowed by law to those aggrieved by the proceedings of the City Council in similar cases.

(b) Whenever the City Council shall provide for the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any of the streets, roads, lanes, alleys, or other public highways in the City, the City Council shall have the power and may upon notice to the owners of adjoining lands assess the owners of such lands so much of the expense of construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any of the streets, roads, lanes, alleys, or other public highways in the City as the City Council shall adjudge such lands to be benefited thereby.

(c) Whenever the City Council shall provide for the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any curb or any sidewalk in the City, the City Council shall have the power and may upon notice to the owners of adjoining lands assess the owners of such lands so much of the expense of construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any curb or sidewalk in the City, exclusive of street intersections, as the City Council shall adjudge such lands to be benefited thereby.

(d) The City Council in laying out or establishing any water supply lines or sewers or drains within or without the limits of the City shall have the power to assess the owners of lands adjoining such water supply lines or sewers or drains so much of the expense of laying such water supply lines or sewers or drains as the City Council shall judge such lands to be benefited thereby.

(e) Whenever any assessment is levied against the owners of real property abutting upon any public improvement as in this charter provided, the City Council shall give to such land owners reasonable and lawful notice of such assessments and shall make a report thereof setting forth its doings in that respect, which report shall be recorded by the City Clerk in a book kept for that purpose, and when so recorded, the amount so assessed shall be and remain a lien in the nature of a tax upon the lands so assessed until the same shall be paid. From such assessment there shall be the same right of appeal to the Franklin Superior Court as hereinbefore provided, and the final decision of the Franklin Superior Court on such appeal shall, when the record thereof is duly made as aforesaid, be a lien upon the land so assessed as above mentioned; but such appeal shall not delay the making of such improvements. And if the owner of such land shall neglect for the space of 30 days after the decision of the City Council or of the said Franklin Superior Court in cases where an appeal is taken to pay to the City Treasurer the amount of said assessment, the City Council shall issue a warrant for the collection of the same, signed by the Mayor and directed to the City Collector of Taxes, who shall have authority to sell at public auction so much of the lands as will satisfy said assessments and all legal fees and who shall proceed in the same manner as the collectors of town taxes are required by law to proceed in selling real estate at auction for the collection of town taxes.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 4 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 504 / Section 4
App. § 504-4. Annual and special Fire District meetings
Status: in_force

(a) The annual meeting of Bolton Fire District No. 1 shall be warned and held as provided by law and this charter.

(b) Special meetings of Bolton Fire District No. 1 shall be called by the District Clerk of the Prudential Committee as provided by law and this charter.

(c) Notice of annual and special Fire District meetings shall be given by recording the warning in the Town of Bolton Office and thereafter posting the same in at least two public places within the Fire District. Notice of annual and special Fire District meetings shall be provided to each member of the Prudential Committee and each member of the advisory committee no more than 40 days and no less than 30 days before the date of the meeting.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1303 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 143 / Section 1303
App. § 143-1303. Incorporation of Village zoning ordinance
Status: in_force

The Village of Richmond zoning and flood hazard regulations, as amended, are hereby incorporated into the zoning ordinance of the Town of Richmond for the purpose of defining a Village District within said Town ordinance and establishing area, density, use, building, and like requirements therein.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 403 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 103 / Section 403
App. § 103-403. Oath and bond
Status: in_force

Before entering upon his or her duties, the Town Manager shall be sworn to the faithful performance of his or her duties by the Town Clerk and shall be bonded in such amount and with such sureties as the Select Board may require.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 409 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 414 / Section 409
App. § 414-409. Indebtedness; long-term indebtedness and long-term contracts
Status: in_force

(a) Submission to voters.

(1)(A) On a petition signed by at least 10 percent of the voters of the District, the proposition of incurring a bonded debt or other indebtedness to pay for public improvements or of authorizing a long-term contract shall be submitted to the qualified voters of the District at any special meeting to be held for that purpose; or

(B) when the Board of Supervisors at a regular or special meeting called for such purpose shall determine by resolution passed by a vote of a majority of voters, present and voting, that the public interest or necessity demands improvements or a long-term contract, and that the cost of the same will be too great to be paid out of the ordinary annual income and revenue, it may order the submission of the proposition of incurring a bonded debt or other indebtedness or of authorizing a long-term contract to the qualified voters of the District at a meeting to be held for that purpose.

(2) As used in this charter, a “long-term contract” means a contract wherein the District incurs obligations for which the costs are too great to be paid out of the ordinary annual income and revenues of the District in the judgment of the Board of Supervisors.

(3) Bonded debt or other indebtedness or long-term contracts may be authorized for any purpose permitted by 24 V.S.A. chapter 53 or any other applicable statutes for any purpose for which the District is organized.

(4)(A) The warning calling the meeting shall state the object and purpose for which the indebtedness or long-term contract is proposed to be incurred or authorized, the estimated cost of the improvements or service, the amount of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness proposed to be issued, a summary of the terms of any contract proposed to be authorized, and the means of raising or apportioning all costs entailed thereby for debt service or payments under a long-term contract.

(B) The warning shall fix the places where and the date on which the meeting shall be held and the hours of opening and closing the polls.

(5) The District may not submit to the voters more than twice in the same calendar year or any 12-month period the proposition of incurring bonded or other indebtedness to pay for the same or similar public improvement or of the same or similar long-term contract.

(b) Notice of meeting; authorization.

(1) The Clerk of the District shall cause notice of a special meeting to be published in a newspaper of known circulation in the District once a week for three consecutive weeks on the same day of the week, the last publication to be not less than five nor more than 10 days before the meeting. Notice of the meeting shall also be posted in at least five public places within each member municipality for two weeks immediately preceding the meeting and be filed with the town or city clerk of each member municipality.

(2) The Board of Supervisors in cooperation with the board of civil authority of each member municipality shall determine the number and location of polling places. When a majority of all the voters in the District present and voting on the question at the meeting vote to authorize the issuance of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness or to authorize a long-term contract, the District shall be authorized to issue bonds or other evidence of indebtedness as provided in 24 V.S.A. chapter 53 or other applicable statutes, or to enter into the long-term contract.

(3) The ballots cast in all the member municipalities shall be comingled and the counting of ballots shall be conducted by the Board of Supervisors together with the town or city clerk or designee from each member municipality. Blank and defective ballots shall not be counted in determining the question.

(4) Obligations incurred by the District shall be joint and several obligations of the District and of each member municipality but shall not affect any limitation on indebtedness of a member municipality.

(5) The cost of debt service or of payments under a long-term contract shall be included in the annual budget of the District and shall be allocated among the member municipalities as provided in section 402c of this charter, unless otherwise provided by applicable law and in the vote authorizing the same.

(6) The applicable provisions of 24 V.S.A. chapter 53 or other enabling law under which debt is incurred or long-term contracts authorized shall apply to the issuance of bonds or other evidence of indebtedness by the District and for that purpose the Rutland County Solid Waste District shall be deemed a “municipal corporation,” the Board of Supervisors shall be deemed a “legislative branch,” and the District Treasurer shall be deemed a “municipal treasurer” within the purview of 24 V.S.A. chapter 53.

(7) Bonds or other evidence of indebtedness and long-term contracts shall be signed by the Treasurer and Chair of the Board of Supervisors of the District.

(c) Special limitation. The Board of Supervisors shall not submit to the legal voters of the District any proposition to issue bonds or other long-term indebtedness or to authorize a long-term contract less than 18 months after the District has become a body politic and corporate.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 106B / Section 2
App. § 106B-2. Local option tax
Status: in_force

(a) Upon resolution of the Selectboard, or upon receipt of a petition signed by five percent of the registered voters of the Town, at an annual or special meeting warned for the purpose, the voters of the Town may vote, by a majority of those present and voting, to assess any or all of the following:

(1) a one-percent sales tax;

(2) a one-percent rooms tax;

(3) a one-percent meals and alcoholic beverage tax.

(b) A tax imposed under the authority of this section shall be collected and administered and may be rescinded as provided by the general laws of the State.

(c) Revenues received through the imposition of a tax imposed under this section shall be used for capital projects within the Town.
24 V.S.A. § 4412 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 117 / Section 4412
§ 4412. Required provisions and prohibited effects
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any existing bylaw, the following land development provisions shall apply in every municipality:

(1) Equal treatment of housing and required provisions for affordable housing.

(A) No bylaw nor its application by an appropriate municipal panel under this chapter shall have the effect of excluding housing that meets the needs of the population as determined in the housing element of its municipal plan as required under subdivision 4382(a)(10) of this title or the effect of discriminating in the permitting of housing as specified in 9 V.S.A. § 4503.

(B) Except as provided in subdivisions 4414(1)(E) and (F) of this title, no bylaw shall have the effect of excluding mobile homes, modular housing, or prefabricated housing from the municipality, except upon the same terms and conditions as conventional housing is excluded. A municipality may establish specific site standards in the bylaws to regulate individual sites within preexisting mobile home parks with regard to distances between structures and other standards as necessary to ensure public health, safety, and welfare, provided the standards do not have the effect of prohibiting the replacement of mobile homes on existing lots.

(C) No bylaw shall have the effect of excluding mobile home parks, as defined in 10 V.S.A. chapter 153, from the municipality.

(D) Bylaws shall designate appropriate districts and reasonable regulations for multiunit or multifamily dwellings. No bylaw shall have the effect of excluding these multiunit or multifamily dwellings from the municipality. In any district that allows year-round residential development, duplexes shall be an allowed use with dimensional standards that are not more restrictive than is required for a single-unit dwelling, including no additional land or lot area than would be required for a single-unit dwelling. In any district that is served by municipal sewer and water infrastructure that allows residential development, multiunit dwellings with four or fewer units shall be a permitted use on the same size lot as single-unit dwelling, unless that district specifically requires multiunit structures to have more than four dwelling units.

(E) Except for flood hazard and fluvial erosion area bylaws adopted pursuant to section 4424 of this title, no bylaw shall have the effect of excluding as a permitted use one accessory dwelling unit that is located within or appurtenant to a single-family dwelling on an owner-occupied lot. A bylaw shall require a single-family dwelling with an accessory dwelling unit to be subject to the same review, dimensional, or other controls as required for a single-family dwelling without an accessory dwelling unit. The criteria for conversion of an existing detached nonresidential building to habitable space for an accessory dwelling unit shall not be more restrictive than the criteria used for a single-family dwelling without an accessory dwelling unit.

(F) Nothing in subdivision (1)(E) of this section shall be construed to prohibit:

(i) a bylaw that is less restrictive of accessory dwelling units; or

(ii) a bylaw that regulates short-term rental units distinctly from residential rental units.

(G) A residential care home or group home to be operated under State licensing or registration, serving not more than eight persons who have a disability as defined in 9 V.S.A. § 4501, or a recovery residence serving not more than eight persons, shall be considered by right to constitute a permitted single-family residential use of property. This subdivision (G) does not require a municipality to allow a greater number of residential care homes or group homes on a lot than the number of single-family dwellings allowed on the lot. As used in this subdivision, “recovery residence” means a shared living residence supporting persons recovering from a substance use disorder that:

(i) Provides tenants with peer support and assistance accessing support services and community resources available to persons recovering from substance use disorders.

(ii) Is certified by an organization approved by the Department of Health and that is either a Vermont affiliate of the National Alliance for Recovery Residences or another approved organization or is pending such certification. If certification is pending beyond 45 days, the municipality shall retain its right to consider the residence pursuant to zoning bylaws adopted in compliance with 24 V.S.A. § 4411.

(H) No bylaw shall have the effect of prohibiting or penalizing a hotel from renting rooms to provide housing assistance through the State of Vermont's General Assistance program, or to any person whose room is rented with public funds. In this subsection, the term “hotel” has the same meaning as in 32 V.S.A. 9202(3).

(2) Existing small lots. Any lot that is legally subdivided, is in individual and separate and nonaffiliated ownership from surrounding properties, and is in existence on the date of enactment of any bylaw, including an interim bylaw, may be developed for the purposes permitted in the district in which it is located, even though the small lot no longer conforms to minimum lot size requirements of the new bylaw or interim bylaw.

(A) A municipality may prohibit development of a lot not served by and able to connect to municipal sewer and water service if either of the following applies:

(i) the lot is less than one-eighth acre in area; or

(ii) the lot has a width or depth dimension of less than 40 feet.

(B) The bylaw may provide that if an existing small lot subsequently comes under common ownership with one or more contiguous lots, the nonconforming lot shall be deemed merged with the contiguous lot. However, a nonconforming lot shall not be deemed merged and may be separately conveyed if all the following apply:

(i) The lots are conveyed in their preexisting, nonconforming configuration.

(ii) On the effective date of any bylaw, each lot was developed with a water supply and wastewater disposal system.

(iii) At the time of transfer, each water supply and wastewater system is functioning in an acceptable manner.

(iv) The deeds of conveyance create appropriate easements on both lots for replacement of one or more wastewater systems, potable water systems, or both, in case there is a failed system or failed supply as defined in 10 V.S.A. chapter 64.

(C) Nothing in this subdivision (2) shall be construed to prohibit a bylaw that is less restrictive of development of existing small lots.

(3) Required frontage on, or access to, public roads, class 4 town highways, or public waters. Land development may be permitted on lots that do not have frontage either on a public road, class 4 town highway, or public waters, provided that access through a permanent easement or right-of-way has been approved in accordance with standards and process specified in the bylaws. This approval shall be pursuant to subdivision bylaws adopted in accordance with section 4418 of this title, or where subdivision bylaws have not been adopted or do not apply, through a process and pursuant to standards defined in bylaws adopted for the purpose of assuring safe and adequate access. Any permanent easement or right-of-way providing access to such a road or waters shall be at least 20 feet in width.

(4) Protection of home occupations. No bylaw may infringe upon the right of any resident to use a minor portion of a dwelling unit for an occupation that is customary in residential areas and that does not have an undue adverse effect upon the character of the residential area in which the dwelling is located.

(5) Child care. A “family child care home or facility” as used in this subdivision means a home or facility where the owner or operator is to be licensed or registered by the State for child care. A family child care home serving six or fewer children shall be considered to constitute a permitted single-family residential use of property. A family child care home serving no more than six full-time children and four part-time children, as defined in 33 V.S.A. § 3511(7), shall be considered to constitute a permitted use of property but may require site plan approval based on local zoning requirements. A family child care facility serving more than six full-time and four part-time children may, at the discretion of the municipality, be subject to all applicable municipal bylaws.

(6) Heights of renewable energy resource structures. The height of wind turbines with blades less than 20 feet in diameter, or rooftop solar collectors less than 10 feet high on sloped roofs, any of which are mounted on complying structures, shall not be regulated unless the bylaws provide specific standards for regulation. For the purpose of this subdivision, a sloped roof means a roof having a slope of more than five degrees. In addition, the regulation of antennae that are part of a telecommunications facility, as defined in 30 V.S.A. § 248a, may be exempt from review under this chapter according to the provisions of that section.

(7) Nonconformities. All bylaws shall define how nonconformities will be addressed, including standards for nonconforming uses, nonconforming structures, and nonconforming lots.

(A) To achieve the purposes of this chapter set forth in section 4302 of this title, municipalities may regulate and prohibit expansion and undue perpetuation of nonconformities. Specifically, a municipality, in its bylaws, may:

(i) Specify a time period that shall constitute abandonment or discontinuance of that nonconforming use, provided the time period is not less than six months.

(ii) Specify the extent to which, and circumstances under which, a nonconformity may be maintained or repaired.

(iii) Specify the extent to which, and circumstances under which, a nonconformity may change or expand.

(iv) Regulate relocation or enlargement of a structure containing a nonconforming use.

(v) Specify the circumstances in which a nonconformity that is destroyed may be rebuilt.

(vi) Specify other appropriate circumstances in which a nonconformity must comply with the bylaws.

(B) If a mobile home park, as defined in 10 V.S.A. chapter 153, is a nonconformity pursuant to a municipality's bylaws, the entire mobile home park shall be treated as a nonconformity under those bylaws, and individual lots within the mobile home park shall in no event be considered nonconformities. Unless the bylaws provide specific standards as described in subdivision (1)(B) of this section, where a mobile home park is a nonconformity under bylaws, its status regarding conformance or nonconformance shall apply to the parcel as a whole, and not to any individual mobile home lot within the park. An individual mobile home lot that is vacated shall not be considered a discontinuance or abandonment of a nonconformity.

(C) Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the authority of a municipality to abate public nuisances or to abate or remove public health risks or hazards.

(8) Communications antennae and facilities.

(A) Except to the extent bylaws protect historic landmarks and structures listed on the State or National Register of Historic Places, no permit shall be required for placement of an antenna used to transmit, receive, or transmit and receive communications signals on that property owner's premises if the area of the largest face of the antenna is not more than 15 square feet, and if the antenna and any mast support do not extend more than 12 feet above the roof of that portion of the building to which the mast is attached.

(B) If an antenna structure is less than 20 feet in height and its primary function is to transmit or receive communication signals for commercial, industrial, institutional, nonprofit, or public purposes, it shall not be regulated under this chapter if it is located on a structure located within the boundaries of a downhill ski area and permitted under this chapter. For the purposes of this subdivision, “downhill ski area” means an area with trails for downhill skiing served by one or more ski lifts and any other areas within the boundaries of the ski area and open to the public for winter sports.

(C) The regulation of a telecommunications facility, as defined in 30 V.S.A. § 248a, shall be exempt from municipal approval under this chapter when and to the extent jurisdiction is assumed by the Public Utility Commission according to the provisions of that section. This exemption from obtaining approval under this chapter shall not affect the substantial deference to be given to a plan or recommendation based on a local land use bylaw under 30 V.S.A. § 248a(c)(2).

(D) A municipality may regulate communications towers, antennae, and related facilities in its bylaws provided that such regulations do not have the purpose or effect of being inconsistent with subdivisions (A) through (C) of this subdivision (8).

(9) De minimis telecommunications impacts. An officer or entity designated by the municipality shall review telecommunications facilities applications, and upon determining that a particular application will impose no impact or de minimis impact upon any criteria established in the bylaws, shall approve the application.

(10) Planting projects; flood hazard and similar areas. A bylaw under this chapter shall not require the filing of an application or the issuance of a permit by the municipality for a planting project considered to have a permit by operation of subsection 4424(c) of this title.

(11) Accessory on-farm businesses. No bylaw shall have the effect of prohibiting an accessory on-farm business at the same location as a farm.

(A) Definitions. As used in this subdivision (11):

(i) “Accessory on-farm business” means activity on a farm, the revenues of which may exceed the revenues of the farming operation, and comprises one or both of the following:

(I) The storage, preparation, processing, and sale of qualifying products, provided that the qualifying products are produced on a farm; the sale of products that name, describe, or promote the farm or accessory on-farm business, including merchandise or apparel that features the farm or accessory on-farm business; or the sale of bread or baked goods.

(II) Educational, recreational, or social events that feature agricultural practices or qualifying products, or both. Such events may include tours of the farm, farm stays, tastings and meals featuring qualifying products, and classes or exhibits in the preparation, processing, or harvesting of qualifying products. As used in this subdivision (II), “farm stay” means a paid, overnight guest accommodation on a farm for the purpose of participating in educational, recreational, or social activities on the farm that feature agricultural practices or qualifying products, or both. A farm stay includes the option for guests to participate in such activities.

(ii) “Farm” means a parcel or parcels owned, leased, or managed by a person, devoted primarily to farming, and subject to the RAP rules. For leased lands to be part of a farm, the lessee must exercise control over the lands to the extent they would be considered as part of the lessee's own farm. Indicators of such control include whether the lessee makes day-to-day decisions concerning the cultivation or other farming-related use of the leased lands and whether the lessee manages the land for farming during the lease period.

(iii) “Farming” shall have the same meaning as in 10 V.S.A. § 6001.

(iv) “Qualifying product” means a product that is:

(I) an agricultural, horticultural, viticultural, or dairy commodity, or maple syrup;

(II) livestock or cultured fish or a product thereof;

(III) a product of poultry, bees, an orchard, or fiber crops;

(IV) a commodity otherwise grown or raised on a farm; or

(V) a product manufactured on one or more farms from commodities wholly grown or raised on one or more farms.

(v) “RAP rules” means the rules on required agricultural practices adopted pursuant to 6 V.S.A. chapter 215, subchapter 2.

(B) Eligibility. For an accessory on-farm business to be eligible for the benefit of this subdivision (11), the business shall comply with each of the following:

(i) The business is operated by the farm owner, one or more persons residing on the farm parcel, or the lessee of a portion of the farm.

(ii) The farm meets the threshold criteria for the applicability of the RAP rules as set forth in those rules.

(C) Use of structures or land. An accessory on-farm business may take place inside new or existing structures or on the land.

(D) Review; permit. Activities of an accessory on-farm business that are not exempt under section 4413 of this title may be subject to site plan review pursuant to section 4416 of this title. A bylaw may require that such activities meet the same performance standards otherwise adopted in the bylaw for similar commercial uses pursuant to subdivision 4414(5) of this title.

(E) Less restrictive. A municipality may adopt a bylaw concerning accessory on-farm businesses that is less restrictive than the requirement of this subdivision (11).

(F) Notification; training. The Secretary of Agriculture, Food and Markets shall provide periodic written notification and training sessions to farms subject to the RAP rules on the existence and requirements of this subdivision (11) and the potential need for other permits for an accessory on-farm business, including a potable water and wastewater system permit under 10 V.S.A. chapter 64.

(12) In any area served by municipal sewer and water infrastructure that allows residential development, bylaws shall establish lot and building dimensional standards that allow five or more dwelling units per acre for each allowed residential use. Density and minimum lot size standards for multiunit dwellings shall not be more restrictive than those required for single-family dwellings.

(13) In any area served by municipal sewer and water infrastructure that allows residential development, bylaws shall permit any affordable housing development, as defined in subdivision 4303(2) of this title, including mixed-use development, to exceed density limitations for residential developments by an additional 40 percent, which shall include exceeding maximum height limitations by one floor, provided that the structure complies with the Vermont Fire and Building Safety Code.

(14) No zoning or subdivision bylaw shall have the effect of prohibiting unrelated occupants from residing in the same dwelling unit.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 302 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 413 / Section 302
App. § 413-302. Bond
Status: in_force

Prior to assuming their offices, all officers shall post bond in such amounts as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Supervisors. The cost of such bond shall be borne by the District.
24 V.S.A. § 2243 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 61 / Section 2243
§ 2243. Administration; duties and authority
Status: in_force

The Agency of Transportation and the Secretary of Natural Resources are designated as responsible for carrying out the provisions of this subchapter and shall have the following additional responsibilities and powers:

(1) The Agency of Transportation or the Secretary of Natural Resources may make such reasonable rules as it, he, or she deems necessary, provided such rules do not conflict with any federal laws, rules, and regulations, or the provisions of this subchapter.

(2) The Agency of Transportation shall enter into agreements with the U.S. Secretary of Transportation or his or her representatives in order to designate those areas of the State that are properly zoned or used for industrial activities, and to arrange for federal cost participation.

(3) The Secretary shall adopt and enforce requirements for adequate fencing and screening of salvage yards.

(4) The Agency of Transportation may seek an injunction against a salvage yard that is in violation of the relevant provisions of this subchapter. The Secretary may enforce the relevant provisions of this chapter under 10 V.S.A. chapter 201.

(5) The Agency of Transportation or the Secretary may issue necessary orders, findings, and directives, and do all other things reasonably necessary and proper to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2.07 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 107 / Section 2.07
App. § 107-2.7. Board of Library Trustees
Status: in_force

(a) The library of the Town of Brattleboro, the Brooks Memorial Library, is incorporated under 22 V.S.A. chapter 3. It is also a Town department.

(b) The Board of Library Trustees is a body of nine persons serving three-year terms. Three trustees shall be elected each year by the Representative Town Meeting from among persons nominated by the Selectboard and the Board of Library Trustees and from the floor of the annual Representative Town Meeting.

(c) The Board of Library Trustees shall establish the operating procedures and policies of the Brooks Memorial Library and its branches, approve the library budget request to be forwarded to the Selectboard, and employ a Library Director who shall be responsible for executing the same through a library staff.

(d) Vacancies on the Board of Library Trustees shall be filled by the Selectboard upon recommendation of the library trustees until the next annual Representative Town Meeting, at which time a trustee shall be elected to serve for the remainder of the vacated term.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 6 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 285 / Section 6
App. § 285-6. Village officers
Status: in_force

The elective officers of the Village shall be a President, a Clerk, a Treasurer, a Collector of Taxes, three auditors, three trustees, and a Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, together with such other officers as the public interest may require and the laws of this State may permit. All the officers shall be elected at the annual meeting for a term of one year, except that in the case of the trustees, the term of office shall be three years, one trustee to be elected at each annual meeting. All the Village officers shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified. The Village, at a special meeting, may fill a vacancy in any Village office for the unexpired term. When a vacancy occurs in any office, the trustees forthwith, by appointment in writing, shall fill such vacancy until an election is had. Such appointment shall be filed by them in the office of the Village Clerk and duly recorded by the Village Clerk in the book of Village records.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1007 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 1007
App. § 5-1007. Appointments
Status: in_force

(a) Except for those appointments made by the City Council as provided for in this charter, the City Manager shall appoint and remove all City employees, including Chief of the Fire Department, Chief of Police, Director of Public Works, Director of Planning and Community Development, Finance Director, Senior Citizen Director, Zoning Administrator, City Assessor, Building Inspector, Assistant City Manager, Health Officer, Parks Director/Tree Warden, Recreation Director, Tax Collector, and all other officers and employees as may be required by general law of the State, by this charter, or by the City Council.

(b) City Manager appointments shall continue until removed by the City Manager. Removals by the City Manager shall be in accordance with any personnel policy or plan adopted in accordance with section 907 of this charter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 277 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 277
App. § 3-277. Composition
Status: in_force

The Board of Health shall consist of five legal voters of the City, one of whom shall be a health practitioner who is either a physician, a physician assistant, or a registered nurse.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 32 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 417 / Section 32
App. § 417-32. Recall of officers
Status: in_force

An officer may be removed by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Supervisors whenever, in its judgment, the best interest of the District will be served. For this action, each member of the Board of Supervisors shall cast one vote.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 25 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 109 / Section 25
App. § 109-25. Ordinances
Status: in_force

Any rule, ordinance, regulation, or bylaw of the Town of Cavendish may apply to a limited area and not the whole Town, notwithstanding that the ordinance, rule, or regulation might also have been applied to another area or areas within the Town.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 103 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 129 / Section 103
App. § 129-103. Powers of the Town and School District
Status: in_force

(a) General. The Town of Milton shall have all the powers granted towns, town school districts, and municipal corporations by the Constitution and Laws of this State and this charter, together with all implied powers necessary to carry into execution all the powers granted; it may enact ordinances not inconsistent with the Constitution and Laws of the State of Vermont or with this charter and impose penalties for violation thereof.

(b) Acquisition of property. The Town may acquire property within or without its corporate limits for any Town or School District purpose, in fee simple or any lesser interest or estate, by purchase, gift, devise, lease, or condemnation, consistent with the Constitution and Laws of the State.

(c) Municipal forest lands. A Municipal Forest shall be established, and it shall not be sold, leased, or otherwise disposed of unless so voted by Australian ballot at a legally warned Town meeting. This forest land shall be maintained by using proper forest and wildlife practices.

(d) Exclusions and restrictions. In the charter, no mention of a particular power shall be construed to be exclusive or to restrict the scope of the powers that the Town or Town School District would have unless this charter otherwise provides.

(e) Reservation of powers to the Town or School District. Nothing in this charter shall be construed to in any way limit the powers and functions conferred on the Town of Milton or School District and the Selectboard or School Board of Trustees of the Town and School District, its elected and appointed officials by general or special enactments of State Statutes, or regulations in force or effect on or after the effective date of this charter; and the powers and functions conferred by this charter shall be cumulative and in addition to the provisions of such general or special enactments unless this charter otherwise provides.

(f) Municipal electric power plant. The Town is authorized to purchase, control, construct, maintain, and operate an electric light and power plant, and may generate and purchase electric current for light, heat, and power and for any other purpose for which the current may be used by the Town inhabitants. The Town may furnish electric power to parties residing within or without the corporate limits of the Town, upon such terms and subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon from time to time, or as necessary to comply with federal and State laws and regulations. The Town may hold within its geographical limits by gift, grant, purchase, or by the right of eminent domain, lands and rights-of-way as may be needed for the construction, maintenance, and operation of an electric power plant. The Town may use any public street or way that it may be necessary or desirable to pass through with poles and wires, provided that public travel on such streets and ways is not unnecessarily impaired.

(g) Milton Fire Department. The Town of Milton may establish a system of fire protection and may create and equip a Fire Department. The Town may contract with a volunteer or nonmunicipal corporation to supply fire protection services, the cost of which shall be included in the Town annual budget. The Selectboard shall appoint a Fire Chief of the Department who shall have the powers and duties of a chief engineer as provided in 20 V.S.A. §§ 2671–2675, 20 V.S.A. chapter 175, and 24 V.S.A. § 1953.

(h) Milton Rescue Department. The Town of Milton may establish a system of emergency medical care and may create and equip a Rescue Department. The Town may contract with a volunteer or nonmunicipal corporation to supply emergency medical services, the cost of which shall be included in the Town annual budget. The Selectboard shall appoint a Chief of the Emergency Rescue Department. The Emergency Rescue Department shall be provided and administered in accordance with the requirements of 24 V.S.A. chapter 71.

(i) Milton Police Department. The Town of Milton may establish a system of police protection and may create and equip a Police Department. The Town may contract with a nonmunicipal corporation to supply police protection services, the cost of which shall be included in the Town annual budget. The Selectboard shall appoint a Police Chief of the Department. The Police Department shall be provided and administered in accordance with the requirements of 24 V.S.A. § 1931.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 406 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 151 / Section 406
App. § 151-406. Appointments
Status: in_force

Except for those appointments made by the Select Board as provided for in this charter, the Town Manager shall appoint and remove all Town employees, including Chief of the Fire Department, Chief of Police, Director of Public Works, Assistant Town Manager, Finance Director, Zoning Administrator, Assessor, Code Compliance Officer, Health Officer, Parks Director and Tree Warden, Recreation Director, and all other officers and employees as may be required by general law of the State, by this charter, or by the Select Board.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 502 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 103 / Section 502
App. § 103-502. Discounts elimination
Status: in_force

At such time as the discounts given on the tax rate to those who do not have water or sewer provided by or available from the Town may be eliminated, all costs of operation, and previously incurred debt, shall be paid from funds established for those purposes and funded by user fees, as may be established from time to time, by the Select Board, and applied against users of water and sewer services only.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 7 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 405 / Section 7
App. § 405-7. Appointment
Status: in_force

The purposes, powers, duties, and responsibilities of the District shall be exercised by a Board of Commissioners consisting of one commissioner and one alternate commissioner from each member municipality. The alternate commissioner shall represent the municipality at all meetings of the Board of Commissioners that the regular commissioner is unable to attend and shall have all the rights and privileges of a regular commissioner. The legislative bodies of member municipalities whose beginning letter begins with A through K shall appoint their respective commissioners and alternate commissioners in even-numbered years and the legislative bodies of member municipalities whose beginning letter begins with L through Z shall appoint their respective commissioners and alternate commissioners in odd-numbered years. The legislative body of each municipality, by majority vote, may remove its appointed representative during the two-year term for stated reasons. Any vacancy on the Board of Commissioners shall be filled by the legislative body of the respective member municipality; provided, however, in the event vacancies exist for both the commissioner and the alternate commissioner for a particular municipality, the number of votes attributable to such municipality shall not be counted for purposes of determining the number of votes eligible to be cast by the Board of Commissioners during the period of such vacancy.
24 V.S.A. § 13 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 1 / Section 13
§ 13. Washington
Status: in_force

The County of Washington is formed of the towns of Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier, Fayston, Marshfield, Middlesex, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren, Waterbury, Woodbury, Worcester, and the cities of Barre and of Montpelier. The City of Montpelier is the shire town.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 41 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 149 / Section 41
App. § 149-41. Fiscal year of the Town government
Status: in_force

The fiscal year of the Town government shall be fixed by the Selectboard.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 15 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 261 / Section 15
App. § 261-15. Further duties of auditor; police officers, how appointed and removed; their powers and duties
Status: in_force

The auditors shall not allow a claim or account for the personal service of a Village officer except when compensation for such service is fixed by law or by a vote of the Village. The auditors shall include in their report to the Village a statement of the amount of such claims presented and disallowed, with the nature and extent of the services rendered for which such compensation was claimed. The said trustees shall have power to appoint police officers not exceeding five in number, by an instrument in writing under their hands, who shall be qualified by taking an oath that they shall faithfully perform their respective duties as such police officers, which instrument of appointment shall be recorded by and in the office of the Clerk of said Village; but such appointment may be revoked by a majority of said trustees in their discretion, which revocation shall also be in writing and recorded by said Clerk. Such police officers shall by virtue of said appointment be informing officers, constables, and conservators of the peace within said Village, may serve any criminal process returnable within said Village, and upon view of any violation of this charter, the provisions thereof, or of any bylaw of said corporation within the limits of said Village, may arrest the offender forthwith and without warrant for that purpose, and carry such offender before any justice of the peace to answer complaint therefor, and may make complaint on oath in the name of such corporation against such offender, and upon the trial of such complaint shall be a competent witness; provided that if any such police officer shall so arrest any such offender, the police officer may commit the offender to the Village lockup or otherwise detain the offender in safe custody not exceeding 24 hours, at the end of which time the offender shall be discharged, unless previously taken before some justice of the peace to answer to the offence for which the offender was arrested; provided further, however, that if such arrest shall be made between sunset of Saturday and sunrise of the following morning such offender may be retained in safe custody until the next following Monday morning; and for such arrest and the services connected therewith, such police officer shall receive the same fees as sheriffs or constables are entitled to for the same or similar services.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 14 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 279 / Section 14
App. § 279-14. Electric Department authorization
Status: in_force

(a) The Village is authorized to acquire, purchase, own, construct, maintain, and operate a municipal electric plant, a communications plant, an energy supply system, generation, transmission, and distribution facilities, or any or all similar things, within and without its corporate limits, and shall exercise all powers, prerogatives, and authority conferred generally upon municipalities with respect to municipal electric plants, communications plants, and energy supply systems.

(b) The Village may furnish and sell for public or private use electric energy, heat, communications services, or any combination of those services, to parties residing within or without the corporate limits of the Village upon terms and subject to regulations as may be fixed by the Village trustees or agreed upon between the contracting parties.

(c) The charges and rates for electric energy or communications services shall be a lien on real estate, wherever located, furnished with the service in the same manner and to the same effect as taxes are a lien upon real property under 32 V.S.A. § 5061. The owner of the property, furnished with electric energy or communications service, wherever located, shall be liable for the charges and rates. The Village Clerk shall file in the land records in the town in which the property is located a notice of delinquency for all unpaid charges, to be indexed under the name of the property owner, regardless of whether an agreement has been made for the repayment of the charges. The lien provided for in this section shall be released only upon receipt of payment in full for all outstanding charges, interest, fees, penalties, and costs of collection, all as are set forth under 32 V.S.A. chapter 133 pertaining to the collection of overdue property taxes.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2.10 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 9 / Section 2.10
App. § 9-2.10. Qualifications of candidates for municipal and/or ward office
Status: in_force

Any registered voter from the City of Rutland qualified to vote for a candidate for municipal or ward office may be nominated as a candidate for any municipal or ward office except as hereinafter limited or as limited by the laws of the State of Vermont. The name of such candidate shall be printed on the official ballot to be used at the City election, if nomination papers issued by the City Clerk, signed in person by at least 35 registered voters of the City for an office to be filled by the voters of the entire City, or at least five of the registered voters of any ward for an office to be filled by the voters of such ward, are filed with the City Clerk no later than 5:00 p.m. on the sixth Monday preceding the day of the election, which shall be the filing deadline. Each voter signing such nomination papers shall indicate that he or she is a voter in the City and in the ward for which the nomination is made, and that he or she has not subscribed to more nominations of candidates for this office as there are persons to be elected thereto. Such nomination papers shall be in substantially the following form:

STATE OF VERMONT

CITY OF RUTLAND

NOMINATION PAPER

The undersigned, registered voters of the City of Rutland qualified to vote for a candidate for the office named below, in accordance with law, make the following nomination of a candidate to be voted for at the election to be held in the City of Rutland on ________ , 20__ . We are voters in the political division for which the nomination is made, and we have not subscribed to more nominations of candidates for this Office than there are persons to be elected thereto.

Name of Office for Residence

Candidate Which Nominated (Street and Number)

Signatures and Residences of Nominators

Signature of Nominator Residence

to be Made in Person (Street and Number, if any)

Acceptance of Nomination

I accept the above nomination. (Signature of Nominee)
24 V.S.A. § 2784a — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 76 / Section 2784a
§ 2784a. Plans
Status: in_force

A service provider awarded a performance grant under this chapter shall conduct its activities under subdivision 2784(a)(1) of this title consistent with local and regional plans.
24 V.S.A. § 2432 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 65 / Section 2432
§ 2432. Powers and duties; investments
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The trustees shall apply estate income to the purpose for which it is held, and deeds or contracts made by them shall be in the name of the town.

(2) The trustees may:

(A) lease, sell, or convey real estate so held and invest the funds received therefrom; and

(B) lend estate money at annual or semiannual interest, and as security for each loan shall take deeds or mortgages of real estate in this State.

(b) The trustees may invest in:

(1) any security, including a revenue obligation, issued, insured, or guaranteed by the United States;

(2) municipal bonds or other bonds that are rated at the time of the transaction by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, as defined in 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(62) as may be amended, in one of its four highest categories;

(3) repurchase agreements or debt securities of any federally insured financial institution as defined in 8 V.S.A. § 11101(32);

(4) the shares of an investment company, or an investment trust, such as a mutual fund, closed-end fund, or unit investment trust, that is registered under the federal Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, if the mutual investment fund has been in operation for at least five years and has net assets of at least $100,000,000.00; or

(5) deposits in federally insured financial institutions as defined in 8 V.S.A. § 11101(32).

(c)(1) The trustees shall have full power to hold, purchase, sell, assign, transfer, and dispose of any of the securities and investments in which any of the funds have been invested, as well as the proceeds of the investments.

(2) The trustees are encouraged to invest in financial institutions operating in the State and in investments within the State that will result in reinvestment in Vermont.

(3) The provisions of this section as to future investments shall not require the liquidation or disposition of securities legally acquired and held.

(4) If the municipality has adopted an investment policy, the trustees shall invest in accordance with the provisions of the municipal policy that do not conflict with this section.

(d) The trustees may delegate management and investment of funds under their charge to the extent that is prudent under the terms of the trust or endowment, and in accordance with section 3415 (delegation of management and investment functions) of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act, 14 V.S.A. chapter 120. Notwithstanding the limitations on investments set forth in subsection (b) of this section, an agent exercising a delegated management or investment function, if investing, shall invest the funds in a publicly traded security that is:

(1) registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 78l and listed on a national securities exchange;

(2) issued by an investment company registered pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 80a-8;

(3) a corporate bond registered as an offering with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 78l and issued by an entity whose stock is a publicly traded security;

(4) a municipal security;

(5) a deposit in federally insured financial institutions as defined in 8 V.S.A. § 11101(32); or

(6) a security issued, insured, or guaranteed by the United States.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 47 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 261 / Section 47
App. § 261-47. Existing bylaws to remain in force until repealed
Status: repealed

All bylaws and regulations heretofore adopted by said Village and in force not inconsistent with the provisions of this charter shall remain in force until amended or repealed by said Village.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 24 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 24
App. § 3-24. Record of ballots delivered required; receipts
Status: in_force

The Chief Administrative Officer shall keep a record of the whole number of ballots so prepared and delivered, and said inspectors of election shall give to said Chief Administrative Officer, whenever any ballots are received by them, a receipt stating the number of ballots so received.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 39 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 173 / Section 39
App. § 173-39. Amendment or repeal
Status: repealed

(a) No section of this charter may be amended or repealed without such amendment or repeal making specific reference to this charter and to the sections or provisions to be amended or repealed. Any proposed amend- ment or repeal to this charter must be submitted to the voters for their approval and, upon such approval, submitted as provided by Vermont statute. Amendments or repeal may be placed on the ballot by the Selectboard, a duly authorized Charter Review Commission appointed by the Selectboard, or upon petition filed with the Town Clerk by 10 percent of the voters. The petition must clearly state the proposed amendment or repeal and must be filed at least 45 days before any annual or special Town meeting, but the Town shall not be required to hold a special Town meeting solely or primarily for the purpose of considering a proposed charter amendment.

(b) The Selectboard shall hold at least two public hearings prior to the vote on the proposed charter amendments. The first public hearing shall be held at least 30 days before the annual or special Town meeting. Notice of the hearings shall be given in the same way and time as for Selectboard meetings.

(c) An official copy of the proposed charter amendments shall be filed as a public record in the Town Clerk's office at least 10 days prior to the first public hearing.
24 V.S.A. § 2509 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 67 / Section 2509
§ 2509. Cutting shade trees; notice and hearing
Status: in_force

(a) The tree warden shall post public notice of the intent to cut or remove a shade tree. The notice shall be posted a minimum of 15 days prior to cutting or removing the tree. If the cutting or removal is appealed pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the legislative body of the municipality shall hold a public hearing. This subsection shall not apply to the cutting or removal of a shade tree or trees that:

(1) are infested with or infected by, or at risk to become infested with or infected by, a tree pest and are located in an infestation area designated by the Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets and Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation;

(2) are a hazard to public safety; or

(3) must be removed for the municipality to comply with State or federal law or permitting requirements.

(b)(1) The tree warden shall post public notice of the intent to cut or remove a shade tree or group of shade trees pursuant to subsection (a) of this section in at least two conspicuous locations within the municipality. The tree warden shall post the public notice in or near the office of the clerk of the municipality.

(2) When the shade tree or group of shade trees are located on property held in fee by another, the municipality shall notify each abutting landowner at the landowner's address of record.

(c)(1) Within 15 days after the posting of public notice, a resident or landowner may appeal in writing to the legislative body of the municipality to object to the cutting or removal of a shade tree. The legislative body of the municipality shall give notice of the appeal to the tree warden.

(2) Within 10 business days after receipt of an appeal, the legislative body of the municipality shall hold a public hearing with the tree warden to receive public comment on the proposed cutting or removal of the shade tree. The tree warden shall stay action on the proposed removal until the legislative body of the municipality renders a final decision on the appeal.

(d) In all cases, the decision of the legislative body of the municipality shall be final.
24 V.S.A. § 5005 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 123 / Section 5005
§ 5005. Housing board of review
Status: in_force

(a) If a municipality adopts an ordinance pursuant to section 5003 of this title, it shall provide for the selection and organization of a housing board of review consisting of five members who shall be appointed by the legislative body. The chair, or in his or her absence, the acting chair, may administer oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses. All hearings of the board shall be open to the public.

(b) A housing board of review shall be governed by the following procedure:

(1) The board shall keep minutes of its proceedings, showing the vote upon each question, and shall keep records of its decisions and findings and the reasons therefor, and of its examinations and other official actions, all of which shall be filed in the office of the town or city clerk and shall be a public record;

(2) Any person aggrieved by an order issued by the enforcing officer may appeal to the board. The appeal shall be taken within seven days from the date of the order appealed from unless a different period is specified by ordinance. The appeal shall be in writing and shall specify the grounds therefor and the relief requested. The board shall immediately send a copy of the appeal to the enforcing officer who shall forthwith send to the board all evidence constituting the record upon which the order was based;

(3) An appeal to the board shall stay the effectiveness of the order appealed from unless the enforcing officer certifies to the board after notice of the appeal has been sent to him or her, that, by reason of facts stated in the certificate, a stay would, cause a serious hazard or imminent peril to the health or safety of the occupants of a dwelling or of the public. Upon consideration of such certificate, the board may give written notice to the appealing party specifying that the order shall be effective pending a hearing on the merits of the appeal in which case the effectiveness of the order shall not be stayed otherwise than by a restraining order which may be granted by a court of competent jurisdiction or application therefor and upon notice to the enforcing officer and on due cause shown;

(4) The board shall fix a reasonable time for the hearing of the appeal, give due notice thereof to the party making the appeal and the enforcing officer and decide it within a reasonable time. At the hearing any party may appear in person or by agent or attorney;

(5) If a municipality adopts an ordinance governing security deposits and further provides that a housing board of review shall hear and decide disputes related to security deposits, a landlord or tenant may request a hearing before the board without the involvement or order of an enforcing officer. A hearing shall be set and held by the board in the same manner as provided in subdivisions (1) through (4) of this subsection.

(c) The housing board of review shall have the following powers:

(1) The housing board of review may hear and decide appeals where it is alleged that there is error in any order, requirement, decision, or determination made by an enforcing officer in the enforcement of any ordinance or regulation adopted under this chapter or where a municipality so provides, to resolve disputes related to security deposits for the occupancy of dwellings;

(2) Where, by reason of an extraordinary and exceptional condition or situation unique to the property involved, the strict application of any ordinance or regulation adopted under this chapter would result in peculiar and exceptional difficulties to, or exceptional and undue hardship upon, the person to whom an order has been issued, the housing board of review may vary from the strict application to the least extent necessary to relieve the difficulties, or hardship if the relief may be granted without substantial detriment to public health, safety, morals, and general welfare and without substantial impairment of the intent and purpose of the ordinance or regulation;

(3) In exercising its powers, the board may in conformity with this chapter reverse or affirm wholly or partly, or may modify any order, requirement, decision, or determination of the enforcing officer and may make such order, requirement, decision, or determination as ought to be made, and to that end shall have all the powers of the enforcing officer from whom the appeal was taken and where a municipality so provides, the board may order that all, part, or none of the portion of the security deposit which is withheld be retained by the owner or returned to the tenant;

(4) In order to hear an appeal, a majority of the board must be present. A concurring vote of a majority of the members of the board present at the hearing shall be necessary to reverse or modify any order or decision of the enforcing officer and to authorize a variance or modification in the application of any ordinance or regulation adopted under this chapter. When a tie vote occurs, the order of the enforcing officer shall be considered to be sustained. Except as provided in subsection 5006(b) of this title, the findings of the board shall be conclusive with respect to questions of fact and may be reviewed only as to questions of law.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 9 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 9
App. § 11-9. Mayor
Status: in_force

(a) The legal voters of the City shall elect a Mayor who shall be a legal voter in the City. The Mayor shall hold office for a term of two years.

(b) The Mayor shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the City. The Mayor shall use his or her best efforts to see that the laws and City ordinances are enforced and that the duties of all subordinate officials are faithfully performed; and shall bring before the City Council whatever he or she may deem worthy of its attention, for prudentially and efficiently carrying on the affairs of the City. In the Mayor's absence, the President of the City Council shall act as Mayor in his or her stead.

(c) The Mayor shall preside at all meetings of the City Council, with the power of moderator in City meetings and at all meetings of the City Council, and shall have a voice and vote in its proceedings.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 190 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 190
App. § 3-190. Chief may remove member for cause; hearing
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever it shall appear to the Chief that any member of said force has become incompetent, inefficient, or incapable from any cause, or is or has been negligent or derelict in his or her official duty, or is guilty of any misconduct in his or her private or official life, or whenever any well-grounded complaints or charges to such effect are made in writing to the Chief by a responsible person against such member, the Chief may investigate and, after appropriate notice and hearing, dismiss such member from the force, order a demotion in rank, or suspend the member without pay for a specified time period in excess of 14 days. In connection with any possible dismissal, demotion, or suspension for more than 14 days, the Chief's notice to the member shall be given at least 48 hours prior to any hearing and shall include a description of the charges being considered. In connection therewith, the Chief shall have the power to subpoena witnesses and to administer the oath to such witnesses. The Board of Police Commissioners shall hear any appeal filed in a timely manner with respect to such actions of the Police Chief. The time of filing an appeal and the nature of the appellate process shall be as determined by such Board of Regulation. Following its consideration of any such appeal, the Board may affirm, modify, or vacate the decision made by the Chief of Police.

(b) Whenever it shall appear to the Mayor that the Chief has become incompetent, inefficient, or incapable from any cause, or has been negligent or derelict in his or her official duty, or is guilty of any misconduct in his or her private or official life, or whenever any well-grounded complaints or charges to such effect are made in writing to the Mayor by a responsible person, the Mayor may suspend the Chief from duty pending a hearing thereon by the City Council. The City Council shall forthwith notify the Chief of the charges preferred by them, or of the complaints or charges presented by such responsible person in writing, and shall thereupon proceed to consider and investigate the same. It shall appoint a time and place for the hearing of such complaints and charges so made, shall give the Chief reasonable notice of the same, not less than 48 hours, and the City Council shall have the power to subpoena witnesses and to administer the oath to such witnesses.

(c) If, upon hearing, the City Council shall find such complaints or charges to be well founded, it may dismiss the Chief from the force, demote him or her in rank, or suspend him or her without pay for a period not to exceed 60 days. The procedures outlined in this section shall control in the event of any conflict with section 129 of this charter as pertains to the removal of the Chief.

(d) The Chief may, without notice or hearing for any infraction, violation, or disobedience of any of the rules and regulations of the Police Department that may seem to the Chief sufficient, suspend from duty without pay any member of the police force for a period not to exceed 14 days.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 207 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 142 / Section 207
App. § 142-207. Ordinances
Status: in_force

Any rule, ordinance, regulation, or bylaw of the Town of Richford may apply to a limited area and not to the whole Town, notwithstanding that the rule, ordinance, regulation, or bylaw might also have been applied to another area or areas within the Town.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 315 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 315
App. § 1-315. Compensation of City officials
Status: in_force

Compensation of Mayor, councilors, and other appointees and City officers:

(1) The Mayor and councilors shall receive compensation in an amount as may be voted by the voters of the City at a meeting duly warned for said purpose.

(2) The City Council shall fix the compensation of all other appointees and employees, except as otherwise provided in this charter.

(3) When the legal voters have authorized an annual City budget, the City Council or the City Manager shall not authorize appropriations, expenditures, or payment in excess of the amount voted. Deficit spending shall be prohibited by the City of Barre.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 37 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 601 / Section 37
App. § 601-37. Sinking fund
Status: in_force

The Board of Supervisors, with the approval of a majority of the voters present and voting at a special District meeting called and warned for the purpose, may establish and provide for a sinking fund that shall serve and be used exclusively as a debt service reserve fund for the retirement of bond issue or other service reserve fund for the retirement of bond issue or other debt. When established, the sinking fund shall be kept intact and separate from other monies at the disposal of the District, shall be accounted for as a pledged asset for the purpose of retiring those obligations, and shall not be appropriated or used for the current expenses of the District. The cost of payments to any sinking fund shall be included in the annual budget of the District provided in subsection 33(c) of this chapter, unless otherwise provided by applicable law and in the vote authorizing the same.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1004 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 153 / Section 1004
App. § 153-1004. Conflict of interest
Status: in_force

All appointed Town officials and employees, including commissioners and employees of the Electric Department, shall be governed by and adhere to an ethics policy duly adopted by the Selectboard.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 9.01 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 9 / Section 9.01
App. § 9-9.1. As Executive Officer
Status: in_force

The Mayor shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the City. He or she shall use his or her best efforts to see that the laws and City ordinances are enforced and that the duties of all subordinate officers are faithfully performed. He or she shall take care that the funds of the City are properly expended. He or she shall recommend measures and proposals for consideration of the Board of Aldermen, to ensure progressive, prudent, and efficient management of the affairs of the City.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 504 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 103 / Section 504
App. § 103-504. Special assessments
Status: in_force

Despite any contrary provision in general law, the Select Board may in its sole discretion make a special assessment upon real estate for the installation or construction of a public improvement, such special assessment to be such proportion of the total cost of such improvement as the benefit to a parcel of real estate bears to the total benefit resulting to the public in general.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1105 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 1105
App. § 5-1105. Notice of meeting
Status: in_force

The City Clerk shall cause the warning of such meeting to be published as provided by the general laws of the State.
24 V.S.A. § 1574 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 51 / Section 1574
§ 1574. Record of taxes voted
Status: in_force

The treasurer shall keep a record showing the amount of taxes voted for the support of highways, schools, special departments, if any, and for general town purposes. Such record shall be based upon an inspection of the town and town district tax bills, when placed with the treasurer by the selectboard under the provisions of 32 V.S.A. § 4791. When such taxes are collected by a tax collector, such record may be based upon the collector's tax receipt.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 104 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 414 / Section 104
App. § 414-104. Duration
Status: in_force

The District shall continue as a body politic and corporate unless and until dissolved pursuant to the procedures of section 603 of this charter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 90 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 90
App. § 3-90. Aggrieved persons permitted to appear before assessors; preliminary review
Status: in_force

Any person who feels aggrieved by the action of said assessors, and that desires to be heard by them shall appear before them within the time hereinbefore prescribed for said hearing. The assessors shall give written notice by first class mail, postage prepaid, to all aggrieved taxpayers concerning the results of their grievance hearing. The notice shall also inform the taxpayer that he or she may appeal from this decision to the Board of Tax Appeals by lodging a written appeal with the Chief Administrative Officer. The City Assessor shall also be authorized to conduct preliminary review meetings with taxpayers to discuss the valuation of their property. The meeting shall be conducted in an informal manner and no taxpayer shall be obligated to attend such a preliminary review meeting.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 129C / Section 1
App. § 129C-1. Corporate existence retained
Status: in_force

The inhabitants of the Town of Morristown, within the corporate limits now established, shall continue to be a municipal corporation by the name of the Town of Morristown.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 703 / Section 5
App. § 703-5. Powers of the District
Status: in_force

The District shall have power:

(1) To sue and be sued.

(2) To have a seal and alter the same at pleasure.

(3) To acquire, in the name of the District lease, hold, and dispose of real estate and personal property or any interest therein for its corporate purposes, including the power to purchase prospective or tentative awards in connection with the exercise of the power of condemnation hereinafter granted.

(4) To purchase, design, or build in the name of the District, any water supply system, water distribution system, including plants, works, instrumentalities, or parts thereof and appurtenances thereto, lands, easements, rights in land and water rights, rights of-way, contract rights, franchises, approaches, connections, dams, reservoirs, water mains and pipe lines, pumping stations and equipment, or any other property incidental to and included in such system or part thereof, and any improvements, extensions and betterments; the District may purchase or accept by deed of gift any source of supply, or water supply system or any part thereof situated wholly or partly without the territorial limits of the District.

(5) To assume any obligations of the owner of any water system or any part thereof and, to the extent required by the terms of any indentures or other instruments under which such obligations were issued, the District may assume and agree to perform covenants and observe the restrictions contained in such instruments; and furthermore, the owner of any properties, which the District is authorized to acquire, is hereby authorized to sell or otherwise transfer the same to the District, whereupon the District may as it may agree become charged with the performance of any or all public duties with respect to such properties with which such owner was charged and such owner may become discharged from the performance thereof to the extent agreed upon by the District, and in the case of a sale or other transfer of properties of a public utility corporation pursuant to this provision, it shall be lawful to dissolve such corporation.

(6) To purchase all of the stock of any existing privately owned water corporation or company, and thereafter, within a reasonable time, such water corporation or company shall be dissolved.

(7) To condemn in the name of the District, within the territorial limits of the District any property interest in the manner and as provided by 24 V.S.A. §§ 3301-3304.

(8) To sell water to any or all municipalities or privately owned public water supply and distribution systems. To sell any surplus water to any duly established water district, municipality, or privately owned water supply and distribution system outside the District in which created. The District may also develop and provide a sufficient amount of water so as to supply water outside of the District to any municipality, duly established water district, or privately owned public water supply and distribution system; provided, that in exercising the powers granted by this chapter, the District shall not sell water in any area that is served by a water system owned or operated by a municipality unless the legislative branch of such municipality shall adopt a resolution requesting the District to sell water in such served area whereupon such request may not be revoked without the express written consent of the District.

(9) To purchase water from any person, private corporation, or municipality when necessary or convenient for the operation of such water supply and distribution system.

(10) By majority vote of the commissioners, to lease, sell, transfer, and dispose of any property, real, personal, or mixed, or interest therein, for its corporate purposes, including the right to sell, lease, convey, or otherwise dispose of any distribution system or improvements thereto that the District may acquire or construct to any municipal corporation or town water district, town water supply district, or to the County.

(11) To make bylaws for the management and regulation of its affairs and rules for the sale of water and the collection of rents and charges therefor. A copy of such rules and bylaws, and all amendments thereto, duly certified by the Clerk of the District shall be filed in the office of the Clerk.

(12) To execute all necessary or convenient contracts and other instruments, including evidences of indebtedness, negotiable or nonnegotiable.

(13) To enter on any lands, waterways, and premises for the purpose of making surveys, soundings, and examinations.

(14) To borrow money and to issue negotiable bonds or notes or other obligations and to fund or refund the same, and to provide for the rights of the holders of its obligations.

(15) To fix rates and collect charges for the use of the ties of, or services rendered by, or any commodities furnished by the District such as to provide revenues sufficient at all times to pay, as the same shall become due, the principal and interest on the bonds, notes, or other obligations of the District together with the maintenance of proper reserves therefor, in addition to paying as the same shall become due the expense of operating and maintaining the District together with proper reserves for depreciation, maintenance, and contingencies and all other obligations and indebtedness of the District.

(16) To enter into cooperative agreements with other water districts, municipalities, counties, towns, villages, utility companies, individuals, firms, or corporations, within or without the territorial limits of the District for the interconnection of facilities, the exchange or interchange of services and commodities, or for any other lawful purposes necessary or desirable to effect the purposes of this chapter.

(17) To accept grants, loans, or contributions from the United States, the State of Vermont, or any agency or instrumentality of either of them or the County, or an individual, by bequest or otherwise, and to expend the proceeds for any purposes of the District.

(18) To do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers expressly given in this chapter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 201 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 247 / Section 201
App. § 247-201. Corporate existence of the Village
Status: in_force

All those persons residing in that part of the Town of Newbury lying within the corporate limits of School District #3 and School District #4 in the Town of Newbury as said districts existed and were bounded on March 31, 1893, shall continue to be a municipal corporation by the name of Newbury Village and by that name have perpetual succession and be capable of suing and being sued and have a common seal and alter the same at pleasure.

The corporation shall be capable of purchasing, holding, and conveying real and personal estate for the use of the corporation. The corporation shall have the power to own and operate any public utility, to construct and install all facilities that are reasonably needed, and to lease or purchase any existing utility properties used or useful for public service. The Village may also furnish service to adjacent and nearby territories that may be conveniently and economically served by a municipally owned and operated utility.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 163 / Section 1
App. § 163-1. General provisions
Status: in_force

The Town of Westford shall have all the powers granted to towns and municipal corporations by the Constitution and laws of the State of Vermont and by this charter, together with all the implied powers necessary to carry into execution all the powers granted.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 809 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 251 / Section 809
App. § 251-809. Furnishing of water
Status: in_force

Said Village shall have authority to contract for the furnishing of water to said Village for extinguishing fires, sprinkling the streets, supplying drinking places, or other public uses, and may contract for the furnishing of lights or the light of streets, sidewalks, or any public grounds, or for the lighting or heating of any building used by said Village, and may levy and collect a tax to provide funds to meet such contracts.
24 V.S.A. § 4766 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 120 / Section 4766
§ 4766. Award of advance
Status: in_force

(a) The Department may award an engineering planning advance, as defined in section 4764 of this title, in an amount determined by standards established by the Department, and pursuant to the following:

(1) for public water supply systems, as defined in subdivision 4752(9) of this title, when it finds the same to be necessary in order to preserve or enhance the quality of water provided to the inhabitants of the municipality, or to alleviate an adverse public health condition, or to allow for orderly development and growth of the municipality, except that no funds may be awarded until the Department determines that the applicant has complied with the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 1676a, unless such funds are solely for the purpose of determining the effect of the proposed project on agriculture; or

(2) for planning of clean water projects, in order to enable a municipality to comply with water quality standards established under 10 V.S.A. chapter 47.

(b) The Department shall award an advance for engineering planning under this section only when it finds:

(1) that the cost of the project is reasonable for its intended purpose; and

(2) that local funds are not readily available.
24 V.S.A. § 14 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 1 / Section 14
§ 14. Windham
Status: in_force

The County of Windham is formed of the towns of Athens, Brattleboro, Brookline, Dover, Dummerston, Grafton, Guilford, Halifax, Jamaica, Londonderry, Marlboro, Newfane, Putney, Rockingham, Stratton, Townshend, Vernon, Wardsboro, Westminster, Whitingham, Wilmington, Windham, and the unorganized township of Somerset. Newfane is the shire town.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 501 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 142 / Section 501
App. § 142-501. Severability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this charter shall, for any reason, be held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions that can be given effect without the invalid provision. To this end, the provisions of this charter are severable.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 65 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 126 / Section 65
App. § 126-65. Printing the budget and warning for town meeting
Status: in_force

The proposed budget in its final form and the warning for the annual Town meeting shall be printed and made available to the legal voters of the Town not less than 10 days prior to the meeting.
24 V.S.A. § 4006 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 113 / Section 4006
§ 4006. Disqualification
Status: in_force

(a) During his or her tenure, no commissioner or employee of an authority shall acquire any direct or indirect ownership interest in any housing project or in any property included or planned to be included in any project, nor shall he or she acquire any direct or indirect interest in any contract or proposed contract for materials or services to be furnished or used in connection with any housing project, except that the renewal of an existing contract shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.

(b) If any commissioner or employee of an authority, prior to appointment or employment, owns or has a direct or indirect interest in any housing project or any property included or planned to be included in any housing project, or a direct or indirect interest in any contract or proposed contract for materials or services to be furnished or used in connection with any housing project, he or she immediately shall disclose the same in writing to the authority and such disclosure shall be entered upon the minutes of the authority. He or she shall not vote on any issue pertaining to any housing project, or any property included or planned to be included in any project or on any contract or proposed contract for materials or services to be furnished or used in connection with any housing project for which he or she owns or controls a direct or indirect interest. Failure so to disclose such interest or refrain from voting shall constitute misconduct in office. (1961, No. 212, § 6, eff. July 11, 1961; amended 1987, No. 250 (Adj. Sess.), § 5, eff. June 13, 1988.)
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 63 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 15 / Section 63
App. § 15-63. Bonding; vote required
Status: in_force

The City, by a two-thirds vote of the legal voters present and voting at a meeting duly warned and holden in whole or in part for that purpose, may vote to lay, construct, and maintain said system of water works as contemplated by this subchapter, and vote to borrow money for that purpose, and issue its negotiable bonds or notes, determined what amount of bonds or notes shall be issued therefor, determine the denomination thereof, the rate of interest thereon, and how and when payable.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 22 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 22
App. § 11-22. Ordinances; offenders may be liable in damages
Status: in_force

A person violating any ordinance, regulation, or bylaw of the City shall be liable in damages to the City or to the person who shall sustain damage as the direct result of the violation; such damages may be recovered in an action declaring upon such ordinance, regulation, or bylaw.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 106 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 106
App. § 1-106. Ordinances; enforcement; adoption
Status: in_force

(a) The Council may provide penalties for the breach of any ordinance authorized by general law or this charter; may prosecute any person violating the same through the City Attorney, Grand Juror, or police officers who for such purposes shall be informing officers; and may maintain actions to restrain actual or threatened violations of the same. The establishment of any fine or penalty shall be by ordinance.

(b) Ordinance-making authority granted to the City by this charter and general law shall be exercised pursuant to the provisions of section 107 and 108 of this charter.
24APPENDIX V.S.A. § 111 — VT Code / Title 24APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 111
App. § 1-111. Bonding of City officials
Status: in_force

The Mayor, councilors, members of the Police Department, City Manager, Finance Director, Superintendent of Public Works, Tax Collector, Clerk, and Treasurer shall annually be bonded by the City for the faithful discharge of their respective duties, as provided by State statute, and the expense of said bonds to be paid by the City.
24 V.S.A. § 1994 — VT Code / Title 24 / Chapter 60 / Section 1994
§ 1994. Guidance and advisory opinions
Status: in_force

(a) Guidance.

(1) The Executive Director of the State Ethics Commission may provide guidance only to a municipal officer and only with respect to the officer's duties regarding any provision of this chapter or regarding any other issue related to governmental ethics.

(2) The Executive Director may consult with members of the State Ethics Commission and the municipality in preparing this guidance.

(3) Guidance provided under this subsection shall be exempt from public inspection and copying under the Public Records Act and shall be kept confidential unless the receiving entity has publicly disclosed it.

(b) Advisory opinions.

(1) On the written request of any municipal officer, the Executive Director may issue an advisory opinion to that officer that provides general advice or interpretation with respect to the officer's duties regarding any provision of this chapter or regarding any other issue related to governmental ethics.

(2) The Executive Director may consult with members of the Commission and the municipality in preparing these advisory opinions.

(3) The Executive Director may seek comment from persons interested in the subject of an advisory opinion under consideration.

(4) The Executive Director shall post on the Commission's website any advisory opinions that the Executive Director issues. Personally identifiable information is exempt from public inspection and copying under the Public Records Act and shall be kept confidential unless the municipal officer who is the subject of the advisory opinion authorizes the publication of the personally identifiable information.