23 V.S.A. § 1213 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1213
§ 1213. Ignition interlock restricted driver's license or certificate; penalties
Status: repealed

(a)(1) An individual whose license or privilege to operate is suspended or revoked under this subchapter may operate a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 4103 of this title, if issued a valid ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate. Upon application, the Commissioner shall issue an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate to an individual otherwise licensed or eligible to be licensed to operate a motor vehicle if:

(A) the individual submits a $125.00 application fee;

(B) the individual submits satisfactory proof of installation of an approved ignition interlock device in any motor vehicle to be operated and of financial responsibility as provided in section 801 of this title;

(C) at least one year has passed since the suspension or revocation was imposed if the offense involved death or serious bodily injury to an individual other than the operator;

(D) the applicable period set forth in this subsection has passed since the suspension or revocation was imposed if the offense involved refusal of an enforcement officer's reasonable request for an evidentiary test:

(i) 30 days for a first offense;

(ii) 90 days for a second offense; or

(iii) one year for a third or subsequent offense; and

(E) the individual is serving a suspension pursuant to section 2506 if the individual was charged with a violation of subsection 1201(a) of this title and pled guilty to a reduced charge of negligent operation under section 1091 of this title, notwithstanding any points assessed against the individual's driving record for the negligent operation offense under section 2502 of this title.

(2) A new ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate shall expire at midnight on the eve of the second birthday of the applicant following the date of issue and may be renewed for one-year terms. The Commissioner shall send by first-class mail an application for renewal of the RDL or certificate at least 30 days prior to the day renewal is required and shall impose the same conditions for renewal as are required for initial issuance. The renewal fee shall be $125.00.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) If a fine is to be imposed for a conviction of a violation of section 1201 of this title, upon receipt of proof of installation of an approved ignition interlock device, the court may order that the fine of an individual with low-income conditionally be reduced by one-half to defray the costs of the ignition interlock device, subject to the individual's ongoing operation under, and compliance with the terms of, a valid ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate as set forth in this section. In considering whether an individual's fine should be reduced under this subsection, the court shall take into account any discount already provided by the device manufacturer or provider.

(e) The holder of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate shall pay the costs of installing, purchasing or leasing, and removing the ignition interlock device as well as calibrating the device and retrieving data from it periodically as may be specified by the Commissioner.

(f)(1) Prior to the issuance of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate under this section, the Commissioner shall notify the applicant that the period prior to eligibility for reinstatement may be extended under subsections (f)-(h) of this section.

(2)(A) Prior to any such extension of the reinstatement period, the ignition interlock RDL or certificate holder shall be given notice and opportunity for a hearing. Service of the notice shall be sent by first-class mail to the last known address of the individual. The notice shall include a factual description of the grounds for an extension, a reference to the particular law allegedly violated, and a warning that the right to a hearing will be deemed waived, and an extension of the reinstatement period will be imposed, if a written request for a hearing is not received at the Department of Motor Vehicles within 15 days after the date of the notice.

(B) When a holder receives a notice under subdivision (A) of this subdivision (f)(2), the holder shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing, unless a written request for a hearing is received at the Department of Motor Vehicles within 15 days after the date of the notice. If a hearing is not timely requested, the reinstatement period shall be extended in accordance with law.

(C) The provisions of sections 105-107 of this title shall apply to hearings conducted under subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(3)(A) A holder of an ignition interlock RDL or certificate who, prior to eligibility for reinstatement under section 1209a or 1216 of this title, is prevented from starting a motor vehicle because the ignition interlock device records a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 or above shall be subject to a three-month extension of the applicable reinstatement period in the event of three such recorded events and to consecutive three-month extensions for every additional three recorded events thereafter. The Commissioner shall disregard a recording of 0.04 or above for the purposes of this subdivision (3)(A) if the Commissioner in his or her discretion finds, based on a pattern of tests or other reliable information, that the recording does not indicate the consumption of alcohol by the holder. The Commissioner shall notify the holder in writing after every recording of 0.04 or above that indicates the consumption of alcohol by the holder and, prior to any extension under this subdivision (3)(A), the holder shall have the opportunity to be heard pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection (f).

(B) A holder of an ignition interlock RDL or certificate who, prior to eligibility for reinstatement under section 1209a or 1216 of this title, fails a random retest because the ignition interlock device records a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 or above and below 0.08 shall be subject to consecutive three-month extensions of the applicable reinstatement period for every such recorded event. A holder who fails a random retest because of a recording of 0.08 or above shall be subject to consecutive six-month extensions of the applicable reinstatement period for every such recorded event. The Commissioner shall disregard a recording of 0.04 or above for the purposes of this subdivision (3)(B) if the Commissioner in his or her discretion finds, based on a pattern of tests or other reliable information, that the recording does not indicate the consumption of alcohol by the holder. The Commissioner shall notify the holder in writing after every recording of 0.04 or above that is indicative of the consumption of alcohol by the holder, and prior to any extension under this subdivision (3)(B), the holder shall have the opportunity to be heard pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection (f).

(g) The holder of an ignition interlock RDL or certificate shall operate only motor vehicles equipped with an ignition interlock device, shall not attempt or take any action to tamper with or otherwise circumvent an ignition interlock device, and, after failing a random retest, shall pull over and shut off the vehicle's engine as soon as practicable. Except as provided in subsection (k) of this section, a person who violates any provision of this section commits a criminal offense, shall be subject to the sanctions and procedures provided for in subsections 674(b)–(i) of this title, and, upon conviction, the applicable period prior to eligibility for reinstatement under section 1209a or 1216 of this title shall be extended by six months.

(h) A person who violates a rule adopted by the Commissioner pursuant to subsection (l) of this section shall, after notice and an opportunity to be heard is provided pursuant to subdivision (f)(2) of this section, be subject to an extension of the period prior to eligibility for reinstatement under section 1209a or 1216 of this title in accordance with rules adopted by the Commissioner.

(i) Upon receipt of notice that the holder of an ignition interlock RDL or certificate has been convicted of an offense under this title that would result in suspension, revocation, or recall of a license or privilege to operate, the Commissioner shall suspend, revoke, or recall the individual's ignition interlock RDL or certificate for the same period that the license or privilege to operate would have been suspended, revoked, or recalled. The Commissioner may impose a reinstatement fee in accordance with section 675 of this title and require, prior to reinstatement, satisfactory proof of installation of an approved ignition interlock device and of financial responsibility as provided in section 801 of this title.

(j) [Repealed.]

(k) A person shall not knowingly and voluntarily tamper with an ignition interlock device on behalf of another person or otherwise assist another person to circumvent an ignition interlock device. A person who violates this subsection shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $500.00.

(l)(1) The Commissioner, in consultation with any persons the Commissioner deems appropriate, shall adopt rules and may enter into agreements to implement the provisions of this section. The Commissioner shall not approve a manufacturer of ignition interlock devices as a provider in this State unless the manufacturer agrees to reduce the cost of installing, leasing, and deinstalling the device by at least 50 percent for persons who furnish proof of receipt of 3SquaresVT, LIHEAP, or Reach Up benefits or like benefits in another state.

(2) The rules shall establish uniform performance standards for ignition interlock devices, including required levels of accuracy in measuring blood alcohol concentration, efficacy in distinguishing valid breath samples, the occurrence of random retests while the vehicle is running, and automatic signaling by the vehicle if the operator fails such a retest. After an initial random retest to occur within 15 minutes of the vehicle starting, subsequent random retests shall occur on average not more often than once every 30 minutes. The Commissioner shall certify devices that meet these standards, specify any periodic calibration that may be required to ensure accuracy of the devices, and specify the means and frequency of the retrieval and sharing of data collected by ignition interlock devices. The rules also shall establish a schedule of extensions of the period prior to eligibility for reinstatement as authorized under subsection (h) of this section.

(m)(1) Images and other individually identifiable information in the custody of a public agency related to the use of an ignition interlock device are exempt from public inspection and copying under the Public Records Act and shall not be disclosed except:

(A) pursuant to a warrant;

(B) if a law enforcement officer, in good faith, believes that an emergency involving danger of death or serious bodily injury to any person requires access to the information without delay; or

(C) in connection with enforcement proceedings under this section or rules adopted pursuant to this section.

(2) Images or information disclosed in violation of this subsection shall be inadmissible in any judicial or administrative proceeding.
23 V.S.A. § 1112 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1112
§ 1112. Closed highways
Status: repealed

(a) Except by the written permit of the authority responsible for the closing, a person shall not drive any vehicle over any highway across which there is a barrier or a sign indicating that the highway is closed to public travel.

(b) An authority responsible for closing a highway to public travel may erect a sign, which shall be visible to highway users and proximate to the barrier or sign indicating that the highway is closed to public travel, indicating that violators are subject to penalties and civil damages.

(c) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 311 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 311
§ 311. Permits for nonregisterable vehicles
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner, for an annual fee of $2.00 and under such conditions as he or she may prescribe, may permit licensed operators to operate motor vehicles not otherwise registerable across a public highway; however, an unlicensed person may so operate a motorized wheelchair or an electric personal assistive mobility device as defined by this title without obtaining a permit.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) The Commissioner may permit the operation of a specially equipped motor vehicle, not otherwise registerable, by a person with a disability who holds an operator's license permitting the operation of that vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 2154 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2154
§ 2154. Identification and reclamation of abandoned motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) The Department shall make a reasonable attempt to locate an owner of an abandoned motor vehicle.

(1) If the abandoned motor vehicle is not identifiable by its registration plates or public vehicle identification number, and if no owner can be determined within 21 days after the date of receipt of the abandoned motor vehicle certification form, the Commissioner shall issue a certificate of abandoned motor vehicle with an appropriate title or salvage title.

(2) If the abandoned motor vehicle is identifiable by its registration plates or public vehicle identification number, the Department shall, within three business days after receipt of the form for certification of abandoned motor vehicle, send notice to the last known registered owner and lienholder of the vehicle. The notice shall be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall advise the last known registered owner of the motor vehicle's location and a telephone number where additional information about the motor vehicle may be obtained. If the receipt is not returned to the Department within seven business days, the Commissioner shall, by first-class mail, send a second notice. Within 21 days after sending the second notice, the last known registered owner or lienholder may reclaim and retrieve the motor vehicle by presenting to the Department satisfactory evidence of ownership and paying or arranging to pay any fees or charges authorized by section 2155 of this title. If the last known registered owner or lienholder fails or refuses to reclaim the motor vehicle within 21 days after the second mailing, the Commissioner shall issue a certificate of abandoned motor vehicle with appropriate title or salvage title.

(b) An owner or lienholder may reclaim an abandoned motor vehicle by presenting to the Department satisfactory evidence of ownership, and paying or reimbursing, or making arrangements to pay or reimburse, the towing agency, the Department, or the landowner, as the case may be, any towing fee or storage charges permitted under section 2155 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 514 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 514
§ 514. Replacement number plates
Status: in_force

(a) In case of the loss of a number plate, the owner of the motor vehicle to which it was assigned shall immediately notify the Commissioner of such loss, and the Commissioner shall furnish such owner with a new plate. The fee charged shall be $15.00 for each plate. The owner of a motor vehicle who has lost one number plate may operate the owner's vehicle with only one number plate attached until a new plate is furnished to the owner, provided the owner notified the Commissioner as required under this section.

(b) Any replacement number plate shall be issued at a fee of $15.00. However, if the Commissioner, in the Commissioner's discretion, determines that a plate has become illegible as a result of deficiencies in the manufacturing process or by use of faulty materials, the replacement fee shall be waived.
23 V.S.A. § 2017 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2017
§ 2017. Issuance of certificate; records [Effective upon contingency being met; see also section 2017 effective until contingency is met, set out above]
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall file each application received and, when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a certificate of title, shall issue a certificate of title of the vehicle.

(b) The Commissioner shall maintain a record of all certificates of title issued and of all exempt vehicle titles issued pursuant to section 117 of this title.

(a) The Commissioner shall file each application received and, when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a certificate of title, shall issue a certificate of title of the vehicle, without regard to the age of the vehicle.

(b) The Commissioner may issue an electronic certificate of title, provided that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of the certificate of title pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The Commissioner shall maintain a record of all certificates of title issued and of all exempt vehicle titles issued under a distinctive title number assigned to the vehicle; under the identification number of the vehicle; alphabetically, under the name of the owner; and, in the discretion of the Commissioner, by any other method the Commissioner determines. The original records may be maintained on microfilm or electronic imaging.
23 V.S.A. § 610 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 610
§ 610. License certificates
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall assign a distinguishing number to each licensee and shall furnish the licensee with a license certificate that shows the number and the licensee's full name, date of birth, and residential address, except that at the request of the licensee, the licensee's mailing address may be listed, or an alternative address may be listed if otherwise authorized by law. The certificate also shall include a brief physical description and a space for the signature of the licensee. The license shall be void until signed by the licensee. If a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2) and including an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(24), requests a veteran designation and provides proof of veteran status as specified in subdivision 603(a)(3) of this title, and the Office of Veterans' Affairs confirms the individual's status as an honorably discharged veteran; a veteran discharged under honorable conditions; or an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, the license certificate shall include the term “veteran” on its face.

(b) A motor vehicle operator's license issued to an individual who is under the age of 18 shall be distinguishable by color from a motor vehicle operator's license issued to an individual who is over the age of 18 but under the age of 21, and both cards shall be distinguishable by color from a motor vehicle operator's license issued to an individual 21 or older. A motor vehicle operator's license issued to an individual under the age of 21 shall clearly indicate, in prominent type, the date on which the individual will become 21. The distinguishing colors shall be the same as those used to distinguish identification cards issued under section 115 of this title.

(c) Each license certificate issued to a first-time applicant and each subsequent renewal by that individual shall be issued with the photograph or imaged likeness of the licensee included on the certificate. The Commissioner shall determine the locations where photographic licenses may be issued. An individual issued a license containing an imaged likeness under this subsection may renew by mail, except that a renewal by a licensee required to have a photograph or imaged likeness must be made in person so that an updated imaged likeness of the individual is obtained not less often than once every nine years.

(d) Each license certificate issued to an initial or renewal applicant shall include a bar code with minimum data elements as prescribed in 6 C.F.R. § 37.19.
23 V.S.A. § 635 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 635
§ 635. Place of examinations
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall cause examinations of operators to be held at such convenient times and places throughout the State as he or she may determine.
23 V.S.A. § 1127 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1127
§ 1127. Control in presence of animals
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever upon a public highway and approaching a vehicle drawn by a draft animal, an animal upon which a person is riding, or animals being herded, the operator of a motor vehicle shall operate the vehicle in such a manner as to exercise every reasonable precaution to prevent the frightening of any animal and to ensure the safety and protection of the animal and the person riding, driving, or herding.

(b) The operator of a motor vehicle shall yield to any animals being herded on or across a highway.
23 V.S.A. § 3207a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207a
§ 3207a. Snowmobiling under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State:

(1) when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.08 or more;

(2) when the person is under the influence of alcohol; or

(3) when the person is under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug to a degree that renders the person incapable of safely operating a snowmobile.

(b) A person who is a habitual user of or under the influence of any narcotic drug or who is under the influence of any other drug, substance, or inhalant other than alcohol to a degree that renders the person incapable of safely operating a snowmobile may not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a snowmobile.

(c) The fact that a person charged with a violation of this section is or has been entitled to use such drug under the laws of this State shall not constitute a defense against any charge of violating this section.

(d) A person may not be convicted of more than one offense under this section arising out of the same incident.

(e) As used in this section, “alcohol” includes “alcohol,” “malt beverages,” “spirits,” “fortified wines,” and “vinous beverages” as defined in 7 V.S.A. § 2, and any beverage or liquid containing any of them.

(f) As used in this section, “drug” means a regulated drug as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 4201.

(g) If a person violates this section on a public highway, that person may be convicted of a violation of this section or a violation of section 1201 of this title, but not both.

(h) Any person who is convicted of violating this section shall have his or her privilege to operate a snowmobile suspended for a period of one year and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title. Additionally, a person convicted of violating the provisions of this section shall be penalized under the provisions of section 1210 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1344 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1344
§ 1344. Riding in trailer coaches
Status: in_force

No person may occupy a trailer coach while it is being moved upon a public highway.
23 V.S.A. § 456 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 456
§ 456. Employees' use of vehicles, motorboats restricted
Status: in_force

Employees of a dealer shall not operate, and a dealer shall not permit them to operate, vehicles or motorboats with dealer's registration number plates or registration numbers displayed thereon, except for business purposes of the dealer, or in traveling directly between their homes and the place of their employer's business.
23 V.S.A. § 1029 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1029
§ 1029. Municipal signs
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 1025 and 1027 of this title, municipalities may erect alternative signs of a guidance or informational nature and creative design, in accordance with the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 494(15), to assist persons in reaching destinations that are transportation centers, geographic districts, historic monuments, and significant or unique educational, recreational, or cultural landmarks.
23 V.S.A. § 3108 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3108
§ 3108. Returns
Status: in_force

For the purpose of determining the amount of the tax levied and assessed, by the 25th day of each calendar month, each distributor shall mail to the Commissioner upon a form prepared and furnished by him or her a statement or return under oath or affirmation, showing:

(1) both the number of gallons of motor fuel sold and the number of gallons of motor fuel used by the distributor during the preceding calendar month;

(2) separately, both the number of gallons of aviation gasoline sold and the number of gallons of aviation gasoline used by the distributor during the preceding calendar month; and

(3) any further information that the Commissioner prescribes.
23 V.S.A. § 736 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 736
§ 736. Implementation
Status: in_force

After a date to be established by the Commissioner in rules, any applicant for a permit or an operator's license valid for operating a motorcycle, except a renewal applicant or an applicant who surrenders a valid motorcycle license issued by another state, shall successfully complete the rider training course established under this subchapter before taking the on-motorcycle portion of the license examination or, in his or her discretion, the Commissioner may require any applicant to successfully complete an approved classroom training curriculum before a motorcycle learner's permit or motorcycle endorsement may be issued. The Department shall also exempt applicants who have successfully completed equivalent training courses in other states or provinces. The Commissioner shall not implement the rider training course until the Commissioner determines that the program can be operated effectively, and that there are adequate training vehicles, instructors, curriculum materials, training sites, and program funding to provide the training throughout the State to all those individuals who desire or would be required to complete the course.
23 V.S.A. § 1711 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1711
§ 1711. Felony or misdemeanor
Status: in_force

A person who, whether present or absent, aids, abets, induces, procures, or causes the commission of an act that, if done directly by him or her, would be a felony or a misdemeanor under a provision of this title, is guilty of the same felony or misdemeanor.
23 V.S.A. § 3019 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3019
§ 3019. Assessment; hearing permitted
Status: in_force

Any person against whom assessment is made pursuant to section 3016 or 3018 of this title may appear in person or by counsel in the office of the Commissioner within 15 days after the mailing to him or her of notice of the assessment then and there to show cause why the assessment is in error or to present any other facts or testimony that would bear on the amount of the assessment or the manner in which it was made. The hearing may be continued from time to time. If the person or his or her agent does not appear within the 15 days, the assessment shall become final.
23 V.S.A. § 330 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 330
§ 330. Transferring number plates
Status: reserved

(a) Upon the transfer of ownership of a vehicle, the registration number plates may be attached to another vehicle that is being leased by the registrant for a period greater than 30 days. The lessor shall become the registrant.

(b) Upon the termination of a lease of a vehicle, the registration number plates may be attached to another vehicle being leased by the lessee. The lessor of the new vehicle shall become the registrant.

(c) Upon the termination of a lease of a vehicle, the registration number plates may be attached to a vehicle, including the leased vehicle, being purchased or owned by the lessee. The lessor shall be deleted from the registration.

(d) For purposes of calculating fees, transactions pursuant to subsections (a) and (c) of this section shall be considered to be new registrations. Transactions pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be treated as registration transfers. A lessor shall not gain any rights in or to special number plates or reserved registration numbers through this process nor shall the prohibitions of subdivision 304(c)(3) of this title apply.
23 V.S.A. § 1406 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1406
§ 1406. Federally owned vehicles
Status: in_force

In case of oilers, tractors, rollers, dump wagons, and other road machinery and trucks, tractors, and trailers owned and operated by the federal government, a permit may be issued by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The furnishing of a bond in such cases shall be in the discretion of such Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 3508 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3508
§ 3508. Designated areas
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall print a list of public lands and waters designated for use by all-terrain vehicles pursuant to subdivision 3506(b)(4) of this title and make the publication available to the public.
23 V.S.A. § 1754 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1754
§ 1754. Form of payment
Status: in_force

As a condition of employment on behalf of a municipality, a person hired to remove illegally parked motor vehicles may accept a personal check but in any case is required to accept cash or a certified or bank check, and must also recognize at least two national bank credit cards, any of which may be used as payment for any towing and storage charges.
23 V.S.A. § 3209 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3209
§ 3209. Defacing manufacturer identification and serial numbers
Status: in_force

A person shall not willfully change or attempt to change or tamper with, obliterate, deface, or in any manner interfere with the original or assigned motor number or manufacturer's serial number of any snowmobile.
23 V.S.A. § 1135 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1135
§ 1135. Trespass by motor vehicle
Status: in_force

(a) A person commits the offense of trespass by motor vehicle if the person, knowing that he or she is not privileged to do so:

(1) operates a motor vehicle and obstructs a private driveway, barway, or gateway; or

(2) operates a motor vehicle and travels over a private road that is so marked or travels over other private lands; or

(3) operates a motor vehicle on any land that is owned or held by the State:

(A) that is not a place or trail specifically designated and marked by the Secretary of Natural Resources for use by motor vehicles; or

(B) contrary to any rule governing the use of the place or trail.

(b) A person who violates this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $100.00 for each offense or, if the violation results in damage to property, the person shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $175.00 for each offense.

(c) As used in this section, “motor vehicle” does not include an all-terrain vehicle or snowmobile.

(d) This section shall not apply to any highway open to the public.
23 V.S.A. § 517 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 517
§ 517. Intrastate in-transit permit
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may issue an intrastate in-transit registration permit to authorize the movement within Vermont of a motor vehicle otherwise required to be registered, if the vehicle is sold in this State by a person other than a registered motor vehicle dealer. The permit may be obtained after submission of an application on a form prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner and payment of a $8.00 fee. The permit shall be valid for a period of 10 days from the date of issuance and shall be in the form and design prescribed by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1210 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1210
§ 1210. Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Screening. Before sentencing a defendant under this section, the court may order that the defendant submit to an alcohol assessment screening. Such a screening report may be considered at sentencing in the same manner as a presentence report. At sentencing, the defendant may present relevant evidence, including the results of any independent alcohol assessment that was conducted at the person's own expense. Evidence regarding any such screening or an alcohol assessment performed at the expense of the defendant shall not be admissible for any other purpose without the defendant's consent.

(b) First offense. A person who violates section 1201 of this title may be fined not more than $750.00 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both.

(c) Second offense. A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title who has been convicted of another violation of that section within the last 20 years shall be fined not more than $1,500.00 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. At least 80 hours of community service shall be performed, or 60 consecutive hours of the sentence of imprisonment shall be served and may not be suspended or deferred or served as a supervised sentence, except that credit for a sentence of imprisonment may be received for time served in a residential alcohol facility pursuant to sentence if the program is successfully completed.

(d) Third offense. A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title who has previously been convicted two times of a violation of that section, including at least one violation within the last 20 years, shall be fined not more than $2,500.00 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. At least 96 consecutive hours of the sentence of imprisonment shall be served and may not be suspended or deferred or served as a supervised sentence, except that credit for a sentence of imprisonment may be received for time served in a residential alcohol facility pursuant to sentence if the program is successfully completed. The court may impose a sentence that does not include a term of imprisonment or that does not require that the 96 hours of imprisonment be served consecutively only if the court makes written findings on the record that such a sentence will serve the interests of justice and public safety.

(e) Fourth or subsequent offense.

(1) A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title who has previously been convicted three or more times of a violation of that section, including at least one violation within the last 20 years, shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. At least 192 consecutive hours of the sentence of imprisonment shall be served and may not be suspended or deferred or served as a supervised sentence, except that credit for a sentence of imprisonment may be received for time served in a residential alcohol treatment facility pursuant to sentence if the program is successfully completed. The court shall not impose a sentence that does not include a term of imprisonment unless the court makes written findings on the record that there are compelling reasons why such a sentence will serve the interests of justice and public safety.

(2) The Department of Corrections shall provide alcohol and substance abuse treatment, when appropriate, to any person convicted of a violation of this subsection.

(f) Death resulting.

(1) If the death of any person results from a violation of section 1201 of this title, the person convicted of the violation shall be fined not more than $10,000.00 or imprisoned not less than one year nor more than 15 years, or both. The provisions of this subsection do not limit or restrict prosecutions for manslaughter.

(2) If the death or serious bodily injury of more than one person results from a violation of section 1201 of this title, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision for each decedent or person injured.

(3)(A) If the death of any person results from a violation of section 1201 of this title and the person convicted of the violation previously has been convicted two or more times of a violation of that section, a sentence ordered pursuant to this subsection shall, except as provided in subdivision (B) of this subdivision (3), include at least a five-year term of imprisonment. The five-year minimum term of imprisonment required by this subdivision (3)(A) shall be served and may not be suspended, deferred, or served as a supervised sentence. The defendant shall not be eligible for probation, parole, furlough, or any other type of early release until the expiration of the five-year term of imprisonment.

(B) Notwithstanding subdivision (A) of this subdivision (3), if the death or serious bodily injury of any person results from a violation of section 1201 of this title and the person convicted of the violation previously has been convicted two or more times of a violation of that section, the court may impose a sentence that does not include a term of imprisonment or that includes a term of imprisonment of less than five years if the court makes written findings on the record that such a sentence will serve the interests of justice and public safety.

(g) Injury resulting.

(1) If serious bodily injury results to any person other than the operator from a violation of section 1201 of this title, the person convicted of the violation shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.

(2) If serious bodily injury or death results to more than one person other than the operator from a violation of section 1201 of this title, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision for each person injured or decedent.

(3)(A) If serious bodily injury results to any person other than the operator from a violation of section 1201 of this title and the person convicted of the violation previously has been convicted two or more times of a violation of section 1201, a sentence ordered pursuant to this subsection shall, except as provided in subdivision (B) of this subdivision (3), include at least a five-year term of imprisonment. The five-year minimum term of imprisonment required by this subdivision (3)(A) shall be served and may not be suspended, deferred, or served as a supervised sentence. The defendant shall not be eligible for probation, parole, furlough, or any other type of early release until the expiration of the five-year term of imprisonment.

(B) Notwithstanding subdivision (A) of this subdivision (3), if serious bodily injury results to any person other than the operator from a violation of section 1201 of this title and the person convicted of the violation previously has been convicted two or more times of a violation of section 1201, the court may impose a sentence that does not include a term of imprisonment or that includes a term of imprisonment of less than five years if the court makes written findings on the record that such a sentence will serve the interests of justice and public safety.

(h) Determination of fines. In determining appropriate fines under this section, the court may take into account the total cost to a defendant of alcohol screening, participation in the Alcohol and Driving Education Program and therapy, and the income of the defendant.

(i) Surcharge; Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund. A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title shall be assessed a surcharge of $60.00, which shall be added to any fine imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer such surcharge to the Department of Public Safety for deposit in the Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund established by section 1220b of this title.

(j) Surcharge; Public Defender Special Fund. A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to the Office of Defender General for deposit in the Public Defender Special Fund, specifying the source of the monies being deposited. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.

(k) Surcharge; DUI Enforcement Special Fund. A person convicted of violating section 1201 of this title shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Special Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 4120 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4120
§ 4120. Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, any driver who violates or fails to comply with an out-of-service order is subject to a penalty for a first conviction or for a second or subsequent conviction at the applicable minimum level set forth in 49 C.F.R. § 383.53(b)(1), in addition to disqualification under this chapter.

(b) Any employer who violates an out-of-service order, or who knowingly requires or permits a driver to violate or fail to comply with an out-of-service order, is subject to a penalty for a first conviction or for a second or subsequent conviction at the applicable minimum level set forth in 49 C.F.R. § 383.53(b)(2).

(c) The fine imposed for a speeding violation of a commercial motor vehicle operating in excess of 15 miles per hour over the legally posted speed limit on any State or town highway shall be one and one-half times the fine imposed for a speeding violation in other vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 453 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 453
§ 453. Fees and number plates
Status: in_force

(a)(1) An application for registration as a dealer in new or used cars or motor trucks shall be accompanied by a fee of $603.00 for each certificate issued in such dealer's name. The Commissioner shall furnish free of charge with each dealer's registration certificate three number plates showing the distinguishing number assigned such dealer. The Commissioner may furnish additional plates according to the volume of the dealer's sales in the prior year or, in the case of an initial registration, according to the dealer's reasonable estimate of expected sales, as follows:

(A) under 20 sales: 0 additional plates;

(B) 20-49 sales: 1 additional plate;

(C) 50-99 sales: up to 5 additional plates;

(D) 100-249 sales: up to 12 additional plates;

(E) 250-499 sales: up to 17 additional plates;

(F) 500-749 sales: up to 27 additional plates;

(G) 750-999 sales: up to 37 additional plates;

(H) 1,000-1,499 sales: up to 47 additional plates;

(I) 1,500 or more: up to 57 additional plates.

(2) If the issuance of additional plates is authorized under subdivision (1) of this subsection, up to two plates shall be provided free of charge, and the Commissioner shall collect $66.00 for each additional plate thereafter.

(b) Application by a “dealer in farm tractors or other self-propelled farm implements,” which shall mean a person actively engaged in the business of selling or exchanging new or used farm tractors or other self-propelled farm implements, for such dealer registration shall annually be accompanied by a fee of $94.00. The Commissioner shall furnish free of charge with each such dealer registration certificate two sets of number plates showing the distinguishing number assigned such dealer and in the Commissioner's discretion may furnish further sets of plates at a fee of $12.00 per set; such number plates may, however, be displayed only upon a farm tractor or other self-propelled farm implement.

(c) Application by a “dealer in motorized highway building equipment and road making appliances,” which shall mean a person actively engaged in the business of selling or exchanging new or used motorized highway building equipment or road making appliances, for such dealer registration shall annually be accompanied by a fee of $148.00. The Commissioner shall furnish free of charge with each such dealer registration certificate two sets of number plates showing the distinguishing number assigned such dealer and in the Commissioner's discretion may furnish further sets of plates at a fee of $30.00 per set; such number plates may, however, be displayed only upon motorized highway building equipment or road making appliances.

(d) If a dealer is engaged only in the business of selling or exchanging motorcycles or motor-driven cycles, the registration fee shall be $75.00, which shall include three number plates. The Commissioner may, in the Commissioner's discretion, furnish further sets of plates at a fee of $10.00 for each set.

(e) If a dealer is engaged only in the business of selling or exchanging trailers, semi-trailers, or trailer coaches, the registration fee shall be $148.00, which shall include three number plates; such number plates may, however, be displayed only upon a trailer, semi-trailer, or trailer coach. The Commissioner may, in the Commissioner's discretion, furnish further plates at a fee of $10.00 for each such plate.

(f) In any year that number plates are reused, the Commissioner shall not be required to issue new number plates to persons renewing registrations under this section.

(g) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall not issue a dealer's certificate of registration to a dealer in new or used motor vehicles, unless the dealer has provided the Commissioner with a surety bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit issued by an entity authorized to transact business in the same state. The amount of such surety bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit shall be between $20,000.00 and $35,000.00, based on the number of new or used units sold in the previous year; such schedule is to be determined by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. In the case of a certificate of deposit, it shall be issued in the name of the dealer and assigned to the Commissioner or his or her designee. The bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit shall serve as indemnification for any monetary loss suffered by the State or by a purchaser of a motor vehicle by reason of the dealer's failure to remit to the Commissioner any fees collected by the dealer under the provisions of chapters 7 and 21 of this title or by a dealer's failure to remit to the Commissioner any tax collected by the dealer under 32 V.S.A. chapter 219. This State or the motor vehicle owner who suffers such loss or damage shall have the right to claim against the surety upon the bond or against the letter of credit or certificate of deposit. The bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit shall remain in effect for the pending registration year and one year thereafter. The liability of any such surety or claim against the letter of credit or certificate of deposit shall be limited to the amount of the fees or tax collected by the dealer under chapters 7 and 21 of this title or 32 V.S.A. chapter 219 and not remitted to the Commissioner.

(h) Applications by a snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle dealer shall be accompanied by the fees prescribed in sections 3204, 3305, and 3504 of this title, respectively.
23 V.S.A. § 2004 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2004
§ 2004. Hearing
Status: in_force

A person aggrieved by an act or omission to act of the Commissioner under this chapter is entitled, upon request, to a hearing in accordance with section 105 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1743 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1743
§ 1743. Powers
Status: in_force

The chief of police designated by the selectboard of the town shall be the judge of the court and may exercise the powers and perform the functions and duties thereof. However, the judge shall appoint another police officer of the town to act as acting judge whenever the judge is temporarily away from the town or unable to serve by reason of illness or disqualification. The acting judge shall exercise the same powers and perform the same functions and duties as the designated judge. The judge shall specify reasonable hours when the police court is to be opened.
23 V.S.A. § 4106 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4106
§ 4106. Employer responsibilities
Status: in_force

(a) Each employer shall require the applicant to provide the information specified in subsection 4105(c) of this title.

(b) No employer may knowingly allow, permit, or authorize a driver to drive a commercial motor vehicle during any period:

(1) in which the driver has a driver's license suspended, revoked, or cancelled by a state or has lost the privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle in a state, or has been disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle; or

(2) in which the driver has more than one driver's license.
23 V.S.A. § 3027 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3027
§ 3027. Civil penalty
Status: in_force

In addition to any other penalty imposed for violation of this chapter, a civil penalty of $1,000.00 shall be imposed upon a purchaser or user for each instance in which the purchaser or user uses untaxed fuel to propel a motor vehicle upon the highways of the State.
23 V.S.A. § 3319 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3319
§ 3319. Fees collected; special fund
Status: repealed

(a) There is hereby established a special fund to be known as the Motorboat Registration Fund for the purposes of ensuring that the fees and penalties collected under this subchapter are utilized in the protection and maintenance of the State's water resources. Any interest earned on the monies in this Fund will be deposited in the General Fund.

(b) The fees and penalties collected under the provisions of this subchapter shall be deposited in the Motorboat Registration Fund and shall be allocated as follows:

(1) 10 percent to the Department of Public Safety, to be used for enforcement of this subchapter and implementation of a boating safety education program.

(2) 34 percent to the Department of Fish and Wildlife, to be used to match federal funds; for upgrading and expanding boating access areas and facilities located at those areas; for developing and constructing new boating access areas; and for facilitating or establishing and maintaining pump out stations, which may be, in the discretion of the Commissioner, constructed or operated either by the Department or on a contractual basis by a private person or entity. Users shall be charged reasonable and appropriate fees.

(3) 17 percent to the Department of Environmental Conservation for the purpose of aquatic nuisance control pursuant to 10 V.S.A. chapter 50.

(4) Seven percent to the Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets for the purpose of mosquito control pursuant to 6 V.S.A. chapter 85.

(5) 20 percent to the Department of Environmental Conservation for the purpose of an Aquatic Nuisance Control Grant Program pursuant to 10 V.S.A. chapter 50.

(6) 12 percent to the Transportation Fund.

(c) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 2309 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 24 / Section 2309
§ 2309. Violation report; assessment of points
Status: in_force

The Bureau shall send a report of each finding of a traffic violation to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Such a finding shall be prima facie evidence of a violation and shall result in assessment of points and suspension or revocation of the person's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 1113 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1113
§ 1113. Limitations on backing
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same unless such movement can be made with safety and without interfering with other traffic.

(b) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same upon any shoulder or roadway of any controlled-access highway.
23 V.S.A. § 513 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 513
§ 513. Misuse of plates
Status: in_force

Except as provided in section 321 of this title, an owner of a motor vehicle shall not attach or cause to be attached to the vehicle number plates that were not assigned by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle, except as provided in section 321 of this title, to which number plates are attached that were not assigned to the vehicle by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. An inspector of motor vehicles and any enforcement officer shall have authority to remove from a motor vehicle any plates that have been attached in violation of the provisions of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 421 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 421
§ 421. Penalties
Status: repealed

(a) It shall be unlawful for any person:

(1) to operate a motor truck subject to the provisions of this chapter upon any public highway in the State without first obtaining the license and tag, plate, or marker required under section 415 of this title or to so operate without carrying the license and displaying the tag, plate, or marker if issued;

(2) [Repealed.]

(3) to fail to file any return or report required by the Commissioner; or

(4) to make a false return or fail to keep records of operations as may be required by the Commissioner.

(b) Any person who violates any provision of subsection (a) of this section, upon first conviction, shall be punishable by a civil penalty of not less than $100.00 or more than $250.00; and upon a second or subsequent conviction of a violation occurring within one year after a previous conviction of any provision of subsection (a), by a fine of not less than $250.00 or more than $500.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 752 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 10 / Section 752
§ 752. Records; inspection
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or designee, not more frequently than once per year, shall visually inspect a random sample of up to 25 drivers' records per company demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this chapter. The records inspected pursuant to this section shall pertain to drivers operating in Vermont. A company shall have an ongoing duty to make such records available for inspection under this section during reasonable business hours and in a manner approved by the Commissioner.

(b) The Commissioner or designee may visually inspect additional random samples of drivers' records if there is a reasonable basis to suspect that a company is not in compliance with this chapter. The records inspected pursuant to this section shall pertain to drivers operating in Vermont.

(c) If the Commissioner receives notice of a complaint against a company or a driver, the company shall cooperate in investigating the complaint, including producing any necessary records.

(d) Any records, data, or information disclosed to the Commissioner by a company, including the names, addresses, and any other personally identifiable information regarding drivers, are exempt from inspection and copying under the Public Records Act and shall not be released.
23 V.S.A. § 3822 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3822
§ 3822. Certain liens and security interests not affected
Status: in_force

This chapter does not apply to or affect:

(1) a lien given by statute or rule of law to a supplier of services or materials for the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle;

(2) a lien given by statute to the United States, this State, or any political subdivision of this State;

(3) a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle created by a manufacturer or dealer who holds the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for sale, but a buyer in the ordinary course of trade from the manufacturer or dealer takes free of the security interest.
23 V.S.A. § 1225 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1225
§ 1225. Penalty
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may suspend the registration of any motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer until the owner thereof complies with the requirements of this article.
23 V.S.A. § 606 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 606
§ 606. Age limit
Status: in_force

An operator's license shall not be issued to an individual under 18 years of age. An individual who has previously held a junior operator's license in Vermont prior to application for a license under this section shall have held that license for a minimum of six months or until 18 years of age and maintained a record without any suspensions, revocations, or recalls for the six-month period preceding licensure under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1303 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1303
§ 1303. Flares required
Status: in_force

A person shall not operate a motor truck, except those registered at pleasure car rates and those registered with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,001 pounds, with or without a trailer or semi-trailer attached, or a motor bus, upon a highway outside the lighted area of a town or city, unless there shall be carried in such vehicle, ready at all hours for instant use, three electric flares or three reflector type flares of a type approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. However, if the vehicle is used in the transportation of hazardous material as defined in 5 V.S.A. § 2001(a)(1), three electric flares or three reflector type flares of a type specified in this section shall be carried.
23 V.S.A. § 1411 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1411
§ 1411. Refusal to weigh vehicle or remove overload
Status: in_force

An operator of a motor truck shall not fail or refuse to stop or submit the vehicle and load to weighing, or fail or refuse when directed by an officer upon weighing of the vehicle to stop the vehicle and otherwise comply with the provisions of sections 1409 and 1410 of this title. A person violating this section or section 1410 shall be fined not less than $500.00 nor more than $2,500.00 and, at the time of the violation, the officer may impound the vehicle and have it weighed and after weighing and upon payment of towing charges, the vehicle shall be released or disposed of under the provisions of section 1413 of this title. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1412 of this title, a violator may have sanctions imposed under the provisions of this section and be additionally fined for violation of other weight regulations provided for by this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 367b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 367b
§ 367b. Use of wreckers
Status: in_force

A motor truck that is registered as a wrecker may tow a motor vehicle on the highway without the towed vehicle being required to be registered.
23 V.S.A. § 800 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 800
§ 800. Maintenance of financial responsibility
Status: in_force

[Subsection (a) as currently effective; see also subsection (a) contingently amended set out below.]

(a) No owner of a motor vehicle required to be registered, or operator required to be licensed or issued a learner's permit, shall operate or permit the operation of the vehicle upon the highways of the State without having in effect an automobile liability policy or bond in the amounts of at least $25,000.00 for one person and $50,000.00 for two or more persons killed or injured and $10,000.00 for damages to property in any one crash. In lieu thereof, evidence of self-insurance in the amount of $115,000.00 must be filed with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and shall be maintained and evidenced in a form prescribed by the Commissioner. The Commissioner may require that evidence of financial responsibility be produced before motor vehicle inspections are performed pursuant to the requirements of section 1222 of this title.

[Subsection (a) as contingently amended by 2015, No. 50, § 6; see also subsection (a) currently effective set out above.]

(a) No owner of a motor vehicle required to be registered, or operator required to be licensed or issued a learner's permit, shall operate or permit the operation of the vehicle upon the highways of the State without having in effect an automobile liability policy or bond in the amounts of at least $25,000.00 for one person and $50,000.00 for two or more persons killed or injured and $10,000.00 for damages to property in any one crash. In lieu thereof, evidence of self-insurance in the amount of $115,000.00 must be filed with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and shall be maintained and evidenced in a form prescribed by the Commissioner. The Commissioner may adopt rules governing the standards for insurance identification cards. The Commissioner may also require that evidence of financial responsibility be produced before motor vehicle inspections are performed pursuant to the requirements of section 1222 of this title.

(b) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $500.00, and such violation shall be a traffic violation within the meaning of chapter 24 of this title.

(c) Every operator of a vehicle required to be registered shall have proof of financial responsibility as required by subsection (a) of this section when operating a vehicle on the highways of this State. A person may prove financial responsibility using a portable electronic device; however, use of a device for this purpose does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device. An operator cited for violating this subsection shall not be convicted if the operator sends or produces to the issuing enforcement agency within seven business days after the traffic stop proof of financial responsibility that was in effect at the time of the traffic stop.

(d) A person who violates subsection (c) of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $100.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1014 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1014
§ 1014. Persons riding animals
Status: in_force

A person riding an animal or driving any animal-drawn vehicle upon a road is granted all of the rights and is subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a motor vehicle by this chapter except those provisions of this chapter that by their very nature can have no application.
23 V.S.A. § 3326 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3326
§ 3326. Refusals; sanctions
Status: in_force

(a) Refusals. If the person refuses to submit to an evidentiary test, it shall not be given, but the refusal may be introduced as evidence in a criminal proceeding. If the person is charged with a violation of this subchapter, the court at the arraignment or as soon thereafter as is practicable shall hold a summary hearing, and take evidence relating to the reasonableness of the officer's belief that the defendant was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or both.

(b) Penalty; first refusal. Upon a finding by the court that the officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant was so operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State, the court shall impose a civil penalty of not more than $750.00. In addition, the person's privilege to operate a vessel, except a nonmotorized canoe and a nonmotorized rowboat, on the waters of this State shall be suspended for a period of one year and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title.

(c) Second occurrence after five years. Upon a second refusal to submit to testing and upon a finding by the court under subsection (a) of this section, if the second offense occurs more than five years after the date of the first offense for which a refusal was given, the court shall impose the same penalty and suspension as for a first refusal under this section.

(d) Second occurrence within five years. Upon a second refusal to submit to testing and upon a finding by the court under subsection (a) of this section, if the offense occurred within five years of the date of the offense for which there was a first refusal by that person, and upon final determination of an appeal, the court shall impose a civil penalty of not more than $1,000.00. In addition, the person's privilege to operate a vessel, except a nonmotorized canoe and a nonmotorized rowboat, on the waters of this State shall be suspended for a period of two years and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 492 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 492
§ 492. Certificate; expiration
Status: in_force

A transporter's registration certificate shall contain the name, place of residence, and address of the applicant; the distinguishing number assigned; and such further information as the Commissioner may determine. It shall expire on the last day of February next following the date of issue.
23 V.S.A. § 369 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 369
§ 369. Tractors other than farm tractors
Status: in_force

The annual fee for registration of a tractor, except farm tractors as otherwise provided in this chapter, shall be based on the actual weight of such tractor at the same rate as that provided for trucks of like weight under the provisions of this chapter. The minimum fee for registering any tractor shall be $20.00.
23 V.S.A. § 4121 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4121
§ 4121. Applicants for school bus endorsements
Status: in_force

(a) An applicant for a school bus endorsement shall satisfy the following requirements:

(1) Pass the knowledge and skills test for obtaining a passenger vehicle endorsement.

(2) Have knowledge covering the following topics, at minimum:

(A) Loading and unloading children, including the safe operation of stop signal devices, external mirror systems, flashing lights, and other warning and passenger safety devices required for school buses by State or federal law or regulation.

(B) Emergency exits and procedures for safely evacuating passengers in an emergency.

(C) State and federal laws, rules, and regulations related to traversing safely highway rail grade crossings.

(D) A skills test in a school bus of the same vehicle group as the applicant will operate. As used in this subdivision (a)(2)(D), “school bus” may include a “multifunction school activity bus” as defined in section 1287 of this title.

(b) On or before September 30, 2005, the Department of Motor Vehicles may waive the skills test required in subdivision (a)(1) of this section for an applicant who:

(1) is currently licensed, has experience operating a school bus, and has a good operating record; or

(2) certifies, and whose certification is verified by the Department, that, during the two-year period immediately prior to applying for the school bus endorsement, the applicant:

(A) held a valid commercial driver's license with a passenger endorsement to operate a school bus representative of the group the applicant will be operating;

(B) has not had his or her operator's license or commercial driver's license suspended, revoked, or cancelled or been disqualified from operating a commercial motor vehicle;

(C) has not been convicted of any offense that would require disqualification under section 4116 of this title or 49 C.F.R. § 383.51(b);

(D) has not had more than one conviction for a serious traffic violation, as defined in section 4103 of this title, while operating any type of motor vehicle;

(E) has not had any conviction for a violation of state or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control, other than a parking violation, arising in connection with any crash;

(F) has not been convicted of any motor vehicle traffic violation that resulted in a crash; and

(G) has been regularly employed as a school bus driver, has operated a school bus representative of the group the applicant seeks to operate, and provides evidence of such employment.
23 V.S.A. § 1128 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1128
§ 1128. Crashes; duty to stop
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a motor vehicle who has caused or is involved in a crash resulting in injury to any person other than the operator, or in damage to any property other than the vehicle then under his or her control, shall immediately stop and render any assistance reasonably necessary. Subsection 1102(g) of this title (stopping not to impede traffic or jeopardize safety; exceptions) governs the location where a person shall stop. The operator shall give his or her name, residence, license number, and the name of the owner of the motor vehicle to any person who is injured or whose property is damaged and to any enforcement officer. A person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $2,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both.

(b) If serious bodily injury results from the crash, a person violating subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $3,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.

(c) If death results from the crash, a person violating subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $3,000.00 or imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than 15 years, or both.

(d) A person convicted of violating this section shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 804 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 804
§ 804. Method of proof
Status: in_force

(a) Proof of financial responsibility shall be furnished by an insurance company authorized to do business in this State, in a form satisfactory to the Commissioner and shall be evidence of the insuring of such person against claims and judgments for personal injury and property damage in the amounts specified in section 801 of this title, provided the policy of insurance shall be noncancellable except after 15 days' notice to the Commissioner; or such proof may be the bond of a surety company, authorized to transact business in this State, which bond shall be conditioned for the payment of such amounts. An insurance company or surety company issuing such policy or bond shall immediately furnish, for filing with the Commissioner, a satisfactory certificate certifying that such policy or bond has been issued. Instead of the certificate, proof may be furnished by any computer-generated means approved by the Commissioner. Once proof furnished in this manner is accepted by the Commissioner, the insurance company or surety company shall be bound in the same manner as if a certificate had been furnished for filing.

(b) An insurance or surety company shall bear responsibility for its errors, including failure to file in a timely manner, in connection with the filing of the certificate referred to in subsection (a) of this section. All costs and expenses incurred by insureds and the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles as a consequence of the failure to file a properly executed certificate shall be paid by the insurance or surety company.

(c) The Commissioner may require that an insurance or surety company appoint an in-state representative having authority to execute certificates on its behalf when an insurer fails to submit properly executed certificates.

(d) If an insurer is not authorized to do business in this State, the Commissioner may accept a written certificate, provided that the certificate issued on behalf of an operator who is a nonresident of this State otherwise conforms with the provisions of this chapter and the insurer complies with the following conditions with respect to the policies certified:

(1) the insurer executes a power of attorney authorizing the Commissioner to accept service on its behalf of notice or process in any action arising out of a motor vehicle crash in this State; and

(2) the insurer agrees in writing that these policies shall be deemed to conform with the laws of this State.

(e) If an insurer not authorized to transact business in this State but qualified to furnish proof defaults in any undertakings or agreements, the Commissioner shall not accept as proof any certificate of the insurer so long as the default continues.
23 V.S.A. § 1204 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1204
§ 1204. Permissive inferences
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the trial of any civil or criminal action or proceeding arising out of acts alleged to have been committed by a person while operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle on a highway, the person's alcohol concentration shall give rise to the following permissive inferences:

(1) If the person's alcohol concentration at that time was less than 0.08, such fact shall not give rise to any presumption or permissive inference that the person was or was not under the influence of alcohol, but such fact may be considered with other competent evidence in determining whether the person was under the influence of alcohol.

(2) If the person's alcohol concentration at that time was 0.08 or more, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of subdivision 1201(a)(2) or (3) of this title.

(3) If the person's alcohol concentration at any time within two hours of the alleged offense was 0.10 or more, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of subdivision 1201(a)(2) or (3) of this title.

(b) The foregoing provisions shall not be construed as limiting the introduction of any other competent evidence bearing upon the question whether the person was under the influence of alcohol or under the combined influence of alcohol and another drug nor shall they be construed as requiring that evidence of the amount of alcohol or drug in the person's blood, breath, urine, or saliva must be presented.
23 V.S.A. § 8 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 8
§ 8. Personal radio frequency identification chip number protection
Status: in_force

Personal radio frequency identification chip numbers shall be given protections as codified in the Driver's Privacy Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. chapter 123, as of January 1, 2008, not including any subsequent amendments.
23 V.S.A. § 2042 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2042
§ 2042. Perfecting security interest
Status: in_force

(a) Unless excepted by section 2041 of this title, a security interest in a vehicle of a type for which a certificate of title is required is not valid against creditors of the owner or subsequent transferees or lienholders of the vehicle unless perfected as provided in this subchapter.

(b) A security interest is perfected by the delivery to the Commissioner of the existing certificate of title, if any, an application for a certificate of title containing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of his or her security agreement, and the required fee. It is perfected as of the time of its creation if delivery is completed within 20 days thereafter, otherwise as of the time of the delivery.

(c) If a vehicle is subject to a security interest when brought into this State, the validity of the security interest is determined by the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, subject to the following:

(1) If the parties understood at the time the security interest attached that the vehicle would be kept in this State and it was brought into this State within 30 days thereafter for purposes other than transportation through this State, the validity of the security interest in this State is determined by the law of this State.

(2) If the security interest was perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, the following rules apply:

(A) If the name of the lienholder is shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, his or her security interest continues perfected in this State.

(B) If the name of the lienholder is not shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, the security interest continues perfected in this State for four months after a first certificate of title of the vehicle is issued in this State, and also thereafter if, within the four-month period, it is perfected in this State. The security interest may also be perfected in this State after the expiration of the four-month period; in that case perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State.

(3) If the security interest was not perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, it may be perfected in this State; in that case, perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State.

(4) A security interest may be perfected under subdivision (2)(B) or subdivision (3) of this subsection either as provided in subsection (b) of this section or by the lienholder delivering to the Commissioner a notice of security interest in the form the Commissioner prescribes and the required fee.
23 V.S.A. § 1414 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1414
§ 1414. Reciprocal enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) It is the intent of the General Assembly that the Commissioner make a reasonable effort to reach agreement with the New England states and New York with respect to a uniform size and weight of motor vehicles to be allowed to operate on the public highways of those jurisdictions and Vermont. The agreement should, to the extent possible, find a balance between the free flow of commerce and the safety of the users on the highways.

(b) The Commissioner may enter into agreements with other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces providing for the reciprocal enforcement of the overweight or over dimension vehicle permit laws of those jurisdictions entering into the agreement. The agreement is allowed to conflict with sections 1400 through 1408 of this title provided that the overall effect of the interstate agreement maintains standards that are generally comparable to those presently in effect in Vermont, in which case the terms of the agreement shall govern as to vehicles issued permits pursuant to the agreement.
23 V.S.A. § 2086 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2086
§ 2086. Impeachment of defendant
Status: in_force

In a prosecution for a crime specified in this subchapter, a certified copy of a conviction under section 2082 of this title is admissible to impeach the credibility of the defendant.
23 V.S.A. § 607a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 607a
§ 607a. Recall of learner's permit or junior operator's license
Status: in_force

(a) A learner's permit or junior operator's license shall contain an admonition that it is recallable and that the later procurement of an operator's license is conditional on the establishment of a record that is satisfactory to the Commissioner and showing compliance with the motor vehicle laws of this and other states. The Commissioner may recall any permit or license issued to a minor whenever he or she is satisfied, from information provided by a credible person and upon investigation, that the operator is mentally or physically unfit or, because of his or her habits or record as to crashes or convictions, is unsafe to be trusted with the operation of motor vehicles. On recommendation of a diversion or reparative board, the Commissioner may recall the learner's permit or junior operator's license of a person in a diversion or reparative program for up to 30 days. The Commissioner shall also recall any learner's permit or junior operator's license for 30 days when an operator is adjudicated of a single texting violation under section 1099 of this title, 90 days following adjudication of a single speeding violation resulting in a three-point assessment, 90 days when a total of six points has been accumulated, or 90 days when an operator is adjudicated of a violation of subsection 614(c) or 615(a) of this title. When a learner's permit or junior operator's license is so recalled, it shall be reinstated upon expiration of a specific term and, if required by the Commissioner, when the person has passed a reexamination approved by the Commissioner.

(b) When a license or permit is recalled under the provisions of this section, the person whose license or permit is so recalled shall have the same right of hearing before the Commissioner as is provided in subsection 671(a) of this title.

(c) Except for a recall based solely upon the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, any recall of a license or permit may extend past the operator's 18th birthday. While the recall is still in effect, that operator shall be ineligible for any operator's license.

(d) The Commissioner shall recall a learner's permit or junior operator's license upon written request of the individual's custodial parent or guardian.

(e) Any recall period under this section shall run concurrently with any suspension period imposed under chapter 13 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3507 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3507
§ 3507. Enforcement; penalties and revocation of registration
Status: in_force

(a) A person who violates a provision of this chapter shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $300.00 for each offense unless otherwise provided by law.

(b) In addition to the fines provided in subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner may suspend or revoke the registration of an all-terrain vehicle involved in a violation of this chapter.

(c) Law enforcement officers may conduct safety inspections on all-terrain vehicles stopped for other all-terrain vehicle law violations on the VASA Trail System. Safety inspections may also be conducted in a designated area by law enforcement officials. A designated area shall be warned solely by blue lights either on a stationary all-terrain vehicle parked on a trail or on a cruiser parked at a roadside trail crossing.
23 V.S.A. § 420 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 420
§ 420. Motor truck defined
Status: in_force

As used in this section and sections 415 and 421 of this title, the words “motor truck” shall include any motor vehicle having a gross weight of 18,000 pounds or over, designed and used for the transportation of merchandise or freight.
23 V.S.A. § 370 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 370
§ 370. Farm trucks, tractors, and trailers
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law relating to registration fees for motor vehicles or trailers, farm tractors and farm trailers may be operated on the highway without being subject to a registration fee.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not be construed to prevent unregistered farm trucks that are not “agricultural custom service vehicles” as defined in subdivision 4(70) of this title when being used exclusively for farm work:

(1) from being moved upon a highway within the confines of the farm; or

(2) from being moved upon highways from one farm to another.

(c) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not be construed to prevent the:

(1) operation of an unregistered tractor hired by a municipal corporation in the upkeep and maintenance of the highways; or

(2) operation of a tractor for plowing or removing snow from such highway within such corporation.

(d) All farm trucks, other than those provided for in subsection (b) of this section, shall be subject to the registration requirements of subsection 367(f) of this title and shall be exempt from the permit requirements of sections 1400 and 1400a of this title, provided the gross weight of the farm truck does not exceed 60,000 pounds and the vehicle is in compliance with the provisions of subsection 1391(a) of this title.

(e) A farm tractor or a farm trailer shall be exempt from the permit requirements of sections 1400 and 1400a of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3815 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3815
§ 3815. Duplicate certificate
Status: in_force

(a) If a certificate is lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed or becomes illegible, the first lienholder or, if none, the owner or legal representative of the owner named in the certificate, as shown by the records of the Commissioner, shall promptly make application for and may obtain a duplicate upon furnishing information satisfactory to the Commissioner. It shall be mailed to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.

(b) A person recovering an original certificate of title for which a duplicate has been issued shall promptly surrender the original certificate to the Commissioner.

(c) When a duplicate certificate of title is issued, the Commissioner shall cause the original certificate of title for that vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to be revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 1400a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1400a
§ 1400a. Special local highway and bridge limits; reimbursement for damages; special permits
Status: in_force

(a) A person or corporation owning or operating a traction engine, tractor trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle that desires to operate it in excess of the weight limits provided in this subchapter over highways and bridges under the jurisdiction of a municipality with the exception of class 1 town highways and subject to the provisions of subsection 1400(c) of this title shall make application for a permit to the appropriate legislative body or its designee.

(b) The application form for such a permit shall be of a uniform type and shall be developed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, after consulting with municipal officials and representatives of the State's trucking industry.

(c)(1) The selectboard, trustees, or the mayor are authorized to accept for the municipality compensation commensurate with the extra wear or maintenance required on the highway traveled over or on any bridge by reason of the overweight allowed by any permit approved by them or any exemption provided under section 1400d of this title, which shall be used for the maintenance of highways and bridges within the town, village, or city. The following factors, at a minimum, shall be taken into consideration when determining the amount of compensation due:

(A) the amount of weight allowed in excess of the normal limit;

(B) the configuration and number of axles of the vehicle involved;

(C) the number and length of trips the vehicle will be making; and

(D) the condition of the highway before and after use by the vehicle and costs associated with any needed repair.

(2) If the agreement for the compensation to be paid is in writing, failure on the part of the applicant to pay the sum or sums agreed upon shall be sufficient cause for the selectboard, trustees, or mayor to withdraw approval for the permit. A fee not in excess of $5.00 may be charged for the written approval of a municipality furnished under this section.

(d) A $5.00 fee for administration of permits imposed under this section shall be for the period expiring March 31 of each year. As an alternative, upon payment of an administrative fee of $10.00, an applicant may obtain a permit to operate all of his or her registered vehicles in that municipality, under the conditions of the permit, for the period of the permit. In the event a fleet permit is obtained, individual permits need not be carried in each vehicle permitted.
23 V.S.A. § 1140 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1140
§ 1140. Carrying articles
Status: in_force

No person operating a bicycle may carry any package, bundle, or article that prevents the driver from keeping at least one hand upon the handlebars.
23 V.S.A. § 3506 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3506
§ 3506. Operation; prohibited acts; financial responsibility; headgear
Status: repealed

(a) A person shall only operate an ATV, or permit an ATV owned by him or her or under his or her control to be operated, in accordance with this chapter.

(b) An ATV shall not be operated:

(1) Along a public highway except if one or more of the following applies:

(A) the highway has been opened to ATV travel by the legislative body of the municipality where the town highway is located or, for State highways, the Secretary of Transportation and is so posted;

(B) the ATV is being used for agricultural purposes and is operated not closer than three feet from the traveled portion of any highway for the purpose of traveling within the confines of the farm;

(C) the ATV is being use for forestry purposes and is operated not closer than three feet from the traveled portion of any highway for the purpose of traveling within the confines of the forestry operation; or

(D) the ATV is being used by an employee or agent of an electric transmission or distribution company subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Utility Commission under 30 V.S.A. § 203 for utility purposes, including safely accessing utility corridors, provided that the ATV shall be operated along the edge of the roadway and shall yield to other vehicles.

(2) Across a public highway except if all of the following conditions are met:

(A) the crossing is made at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the direction of the highway and at a place where no obstruction prevents a quick and safe crossing;

(B) the operator brings the ATV to a complete stop before entering the traveled portion of the highway;

(C) the operator yields the right of way to motor vehicles and pedestrians using the highway;

(D) the operator is 12 years of age or older; and

(E) in the case of an operator under 16 years of age, the operator is under the direct supervision of an individual 18 years of age or older who does not have a suspended operator's license or privilege to operate.

(3) On any privately owned land or privately owned body of water unless either:

(A) the operator is the owner or member of the immediate family of the owner of the land;

(B) the operator carries the written consent of the owner or lessee of the land or the land surrounding the privately owned body of water to operate an ATV in the specific area and during specific hours or days, or both, in which the operator is operating;

(C) the ATV displays a valid VASA Trail Access Decal (TAD) as required by subsection 3502(a) of this title that serves as proof that the ATV and its operator, by virtue of the TAD, are members of VASA and consent has been given orally or in writing to operate an ATV in the area where the operator is operating; or

(D) the owner of the land or the land surrounding the privately owned body of water designated the area for use by ATVs by posting the area in a manner approved by the Secretary to give reasonable notice that use is permitted.

(4) On any municipal lands unless opened to ATV travel by the legislative body of the municipality where the land is located or on any State lands, body of public water, or natural area established under the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 2607 unless designated by the Secretary for use by ATVs in rules adopted under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25.

(5) By an individual under 12 years of age unless he or she is wearing on his or her head protective headgear of a type approved by the Commissioner while operating the ATV or riding as a passenger on the ATV and either:

(A) he or she is on land owned by his or her parents, family, or guardian;

(B) he or she has written permission of the landowner or lessee; or

(C) he or she is under the direct supervision of an individual 18 years of age or older who does not have a suspended operator's license or privilege to operate.

(6) In any manner that could reasonably be expected to harm, harass, drive, or pursue any wildlife.

(7) If the registration certificate or consent form and proof of insurance are not available for inspection, and the registration number, or plate of a size and type approved by the Commissioner, is not displayed on the ATV in a manner approved by the Commissioner.

(8) While the operator is under the influence of drugs or alcohol as defined by this title.

(9) In a careless or negligent manner that is inconsistent with the duty of ordinary care, so as to endanger an individual or property.

(10) Within a cemetery, public or private, as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 5302.

(11) On limited access highways, rights-of-way, or approaches unless permitted by the Traffic Committee under section 1004 of this title. In no cases shall the use of ATVs be permitted on any portion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways unless the Traffic Committee permits operation on these highways.

(12) On a sidewalk unless permitted by the legislative body of the municipality where the sidewalk is located.

(13) Without liability insurance as described in this subdivision. The owner or operator of an ATV shall not operate or permit the operation of an ATV at locations where the ATV must be registered in order to be lawfully operated under section 3502 of this title without having in effect a bond or a liability policy in the amounts of at least $25,000.00 for one individual and $50,000.00 for two or more individuals killed or injured and $10,000.00 for damages to property in any one crash. In lieu of a bond or liability policy, evidence of self-insurance in the amount of $115,000.00 must be filed with the Commissioner. Financial responsibility shall be maintained and evidenced in a form prescribed by the Commissioner, and persons who self-insure shall be subject to the provisions of subsection 801(c) of this title.

(14) While the operator's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle is suspended unless operated at a location described in subdivision 3502(a)(2)(A) or (D) of this title.

(15) Outside the boundaries of trails established by the VASA Trail System unless such operation is specifically authorized pursuant to another provision of this chapter.

(16) At locations where the ATV must be registered in order to be lawfully operated under section 3502 of this title unless the operator and all passengers wear:

(A) properly secured protective headgear that is used as intended by the manufacturer of the headgear and conforms to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards contained in 49 C.F.R. § 571.218, as amended, and any applicable regulations promulgated by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation; or

(B) properly secured protective headgear that is used as intended by the manufacturer of the headgear and conforms to ASTM International or National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment safety standards, provided that the ATV is equipped with manufacturer-installed rollover protection and safety belts that have not been removed or modified in a way that reduces their effectiveness.

(c) No public or private landowner shall be liable for any property damage or personal injury sustained by any individual operating or riding as a passenger on an ATV or upon a vehicle or other device drawn by an ATV upon the public or private landowner's property, whether or not the public or private landowner has given permission to use the land, unless the public or private landowner charges a cash fee to the operator or owner of the ATV for the use of the property or unless damage or injury is intentionally inflicted by the landowner.

(d) In addition to all other requirements, an ATV may not be operated:

(1) if equipped with an exhaust system with a cut out, bypass, or similar device; or

(2) with the spark arrester removed or modified, except for use in closed course competition events.

(e) In addition to all other requirements, an ATV may not be operated by an operator who is less than 18 years of age unless one of the following criteria is met:

(1) the operator is operating on property owned or leased by the operator or his or her parents or guardian;

(2) the operator is taking a prescribed safety education training course and operating under the direct supervision of a certified ATV safety instructor; or

(3) the operator holds an appropriate safety education certificate issued by this State or issued under the authority of another state or province of Canada.

(f) An individual who is required to hold an appropriate safety education certificate under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section shall exhibit the safety education certificate upon demand of a law enforcement officer having authority to enforce the provisions of this section.

(g) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 2085 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2085
§ 2085. False report
Status: in_force

A person who knowingly makes a false report of the theft or conversion of a vehicle to an enforcement officer or to the Commissioner shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 3310 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3310
§ 3310. Swimming areas
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Forests, Parks and Recreation or a municipality in administering a swimming beach or waterfront program may designate a swimming area in front of the beach or land that the State or a municipality owns or controls and may make rules pertaining to the area. The rules may provide that no individual, except a lifeguard on duty and other authorized personnel, may operate a vessel, seaplane, racing shell, or rowing scull of any sort within the designated swimming area.

(b) A designated swimming area shall have bounds marked by buoys spaced no more than 100 feet apart. The buoys shall be displayed 24 inches above the water or shall have red flags not smaller than 12 by 18 inches displayed 18 inches above the water.
23 V.S.A. § 1391a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1391a
§ 1391a. Penalties for overweight operation
Status: in_force

(a) Civil penalties for violations of the following statutory sections shall be in accordance with the schedule established in this section:

(b)(1) For violation of each of the statutory sections listed in subsection (a) of this section, civil penalties shall be imposed as follows:

$15.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight for the first 5,000 lbs. overweight;

$30.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight when the gross overweight is more than 5,000 lbs. and less than 10,001 lbs.;

$45.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight when the gross overweight is more than 10,000 lbs. and less than 15,001 lbs.;

$60.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight when the gross overweight is more than 15,000 lbs. and less than 20,001 lbs.;

$90.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight when the gross overweight is more than 20,000 lbs. and less than 25,001 lbs.; and

$150.00 for each 1,000 lbs. or portion thereof overweight when the gross overweight is more than 25,000 lbs.

(2) Civil penalties for subsequent violations of subchapter 15, article 1 of this chapter shall be computed in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection with the following percentage increases:

(A) upon a second conviction of a violation occurring within one year, five percent;

(B) upon a third conviction of a violation occurring within one year, ten percent; and

(C) upon a fourth or subsequent conviction occurring within one year, 15 percent.

(3) In the calculation of gross overweight, the weight allowed by registration or permit, whichever is greater, shall be the basis. The tolerances allowed by sections 1391, 1392, 1408, and 1410 of this title shall not be considered in the calculation of gross overweight.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law to the contrary, in a prosecution for a violation of those statutes listed in subsection (a) of this section, the proper defendant shall be either the owner or lessee of the vehicle or the person who moves or operates the vehicle.

(d) Civil penalties imposed for violations of this section shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund, unless the civil penalties are the result of enforcement actions on a town highway by an enforcement officer employed by or under contract with the municipality, in which case the civil penalty shall be paid to the municipality, except for an administrative charge for each case in the amount specified in 13 V.S.A. § 7251, which shall be retained by the State.
23 V.S.A. § 3321 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3321
§ 3321. Motorboats in South Pond prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) The use and operation of motorboats on the waters of South Pond in the Town of Marlboro is prohibited.

(b) The Department of Fish and Wildlife shall post notice of this section conspicuously at the boat launching areas at the South Pond impoundment.

(c) A person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $20.00 for each offense.
23 V.S.A. § 1211 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1211
§ 1211. Construction of cross references
Status: in_force

For the purposes of computing offenses under this chapter, references to section 1201 of this title shall be construed to include sections of present or prior law of this or any other jurisdiction that prohibited operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a highway while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or both, or while having 0.08 percent or more by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more.
23 V.S.A. § 3303 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3303
§ 3303. Operation of unnumbered motorboats prohibited
Status: in_force

Except for motorboats exempt from numbering under subdivisions 3307(a)(2)-(6) of this title, every motorboat on the waters of this State shall be numbered. A person shall not operate or give permission for the operation of any motorboat on such waters unless the motorboat is numbered in accordance with this subchapter, or in accordance with applicable federal law, or in accordance with a federally approved numbering system of another state, and unless:

(1) the certificate of number awarded to such motorboat is currently valid; and

(2) the identifying number set forth in the certificate of number is displayed on each side of the bow of such motorboat.
23 V.S.A. § 3820 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3820
§ 3820. Issuance of new certificate
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner, upon receipt of a properly assigned certificate of title, with an application for a new certificate of title, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner and mail to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.

(b) The Commissioner, upon receipt of an application for a new certificate of title by a transferee other than by voluntary transfer, with proof of the transfer, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner. If the outstanding certificate of title is not delivered to him or her, the Commissioner shall make demand from the holder.

(c) The Commissioner shall file and retain every surrendered certificate of title pursuant to section 117 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1062 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1062
§ 1062. Turning prohibited
Status: in_force

No person shall turn a vehicle in order to proceed in the opposite direction on any curve, or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade, where the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction for a distance of 500 feet.
23 V.S.A. § 636 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 636
§ 636. Special examinations
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Whenever the Commissioner has good cause to believe that any holder of an operator's license, or any applicant for renewal of an operator's license, is incompetent or otherwise not qualified to be licensed, he or she may require such person to submit to a special examination to determine his or her capabilities or mental or physical fitness. A person shall not be required to pay to the State a fee for such special examination, except for a component of an examination conducted by an authorized medical professional.

(2) If the Commissioner determines that a special examination is warranted, then a driving examination shall be administered. If, under the Commissioner's discretion, extenuating circumstances exist, the Commissioner may also administer a written or oral examination or require an examination by a medical professional under section 637 of this title. A driving, written, or oral examination shall be given at a time and place as the Commissioner may determine.

(b) Upon the conclusion of such examination, the Commissioner shall take action as may be appropriate and may suspend or revoke the license or right of such person to operate a motor vehicle or may issue a license subject to restrictions as permitted under section 612 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3121 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3121
§ 3121. Lien filing fees
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding 32 V.S.A. § 502, the Commissioner may charge against any collection of liability any related lien filing fees specified in 32 V.S.A. § 1671(a)(6) or 1671(c) paid by the Commissioner. Fees collected under this section shall be credited to a special fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5 and shall be available as payment for the fees of the clerk of the municipality.
23 V.S.A. § 103 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 103
§ 103. Appointment of officials and inspectors
Status: in_force

With the approval of the Governor, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may appoint and employ inspectors who shall devote their entire time to the duties of their appointment while so employed. In addition, the Commissioner shall appoint the Deputy Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, the Director of the Gasoline Tax Division, and examiners of new operators, including regular office employees whose duties require such appointment and who shall have the authority of inspectors. With the approval of the Governor, at the expense of the State, the Commissioner may furnish suitable uniforms for a part of or all the inspectors provided for in this section.
23 V.S.A. § 2005 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2005
§ 2005. Appeal
Status: in_force

A person aggrieved by an act or omission of the Commissioner under this chapter may appeal to the Superior Court for Washington County in the same manner as is provided for in other civil actions.
23 V.S.A. § 723 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 723
§ 723. Supervision
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may by rule prescribe requirements and standards for driver retraining, operation of a driver retraining program, and qualifications and conduct of the instructors.

(b) Upon application of a person as defined by section 701 of this title, the Commissioner may authorize the establishment and operation of a driver retraining program.

(c) The Commissioner may at any time cancel or revoke a person's authorization to establish and operate a driver retraining program when he or she is satisfied that the person has failed to comply with the rules of the Commissioner made under subsection (a) of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1342 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1342
§ 1342. Fire extinguisher
Status: in_force

There shall be carried on each trailer coach at least one fire extinguisher of a type approved by the State Fire Marshal, in good usable condition and easily accessible. The extinguisher shall be of not less than five pounds capacity, if it is of a CO2 type, and not less than two and one-half pounds capacity, if it is of a dry chemical type.
23 V.S.A. § 3828 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3828
§ 3828. Method of perfecting security interest exclusive
Status: in_force

The method provided in this chapter of perfecting and giving notice of security interests subject to this chapter is exclusive. Security interests subject to this chapter are exempted from the provisions of law that otherwise require or relate to the filing of instruments creating or evidencing security interests.
23 V.S.A. § 368 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 368
§ 368. Misuse of farm registration
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate or move upon a highway a motor truck registered as a farm truck:

(1) with a gross weight, including load and vehicle, exceeding the weight for which it is registered under section 367 of this title; or

(2) for any purpose other than the transportation of agricultural products produced on, or materials to be used in connection with the operation of, a farm.

(b) Any truck operated or moved in violation of this statute shall be required to be registered as a commercial truck and any person in violation of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $175.00 for each offense.
23 V.S.A. § 374 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 374
§ 374. Jitney
Status: in_force

The annual fee for registration of a jitney designed to carry not more than seven persons, including the operator, shall be the same as is required for the registration of a motor vehicle of the pleasure car type. When a jitney is designed to carry more than seven passengers, including the operator, the fee shall be the same as is required for the registration of a motor bus of like passenger carrying capacity.
23 V.S.A. § 3557 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3557
§ 3557. Compact administrator procedures-Article VI
Status: in_force

(a) For the purpose of administering the provisions of this compact and to serve as a governing body for the resolution of all matters relating to the operation of this compact, a Board of Compact Administrators is established. The Board shall be composed of one representative from each party jurisdiction to be known as the compact administrator. The compact administrator shall be appointed by the jurisdiction executive and will serve and be subject to removal in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction he or she represents. A compact administrator may provide for the discharge of his or her duties and the performance of his or her functions as a board member by an alternate. An alternate may not be entitled to serve unless written notification of his or her identity has been given to the Board.

(b) Each member of the Board of Compact Administrators shall be entitled to one vote. No action of the Board shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Board are cast in favor. Action by the Board shall be only at a meeting at which a majority of the party jurisdictions are represented.

(c) The Board shall elect annually, from its membership, a chairman and vice chairman.

(d) The Board shall adopt bylaws, not inconsistent with the provisions of this compact or the laws of a party jurisdiction, for the conduct of its business and shall have the power to amend and rescind its bylaws.

(e) The Board may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all donations, and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials, and services, conditional or otherwise, from any jurisdiction, the United States, or any other governmental agency, and may receive, utilize, and dispose of the same.

(f) The Board may contract with, or accept services or personnel from any governmental or intergovernmental agency, person, firm, or corporation, or any private nonprofit organization or institution.

(g) The Board shall formulate all necessary procedures and develop uniform forms and documents for administering the provisions of this compact. All procedures and forms adopted pursuant to board action shall be contained in the Compact Manual.
23 V.S.A. § 3810 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3810
§ 3810. Issuance of certificate; records
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner shall file each application received and, when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a certificate of title, shall issue a certificate of title of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(b)(1) The Commissioner shall maintain a record of all certificates of title issued by the Commissioner pursuant to section 117 of this title.

(2) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 887 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 887
§ 887. Penalties
Status: in_force

A person who violates a provision of sections 881-886 of this title shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 3174 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3174
§ 3174. Rules
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may make rules as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 802 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 802
§ 802. Suspension of license
Status: repealed

(a) Proof of financial responsibility shall cover a person in the operation of any and all motor vehicles operated by him or her. If he or she fails to furnish such proof, when required under the provisions of section 801 of this title, within 20 days after notice from the Commissioner is mailed to him or her, until such proof is furnished, the Commissioner shall suspend the license of an operator or the right of an unlicensed operator or nonresident to operate any motor vehicle in this State.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) When a resident of Vermont, or an individual holding a Vermont operator's license, as a result of a motor vehicle crash in any other state has been required to furnish the other state with evidence of future financial responsibility and because of failure to do so the individual's operating privilege has been suspended or revoked, upon being notified by the proper official of such other jurisdiction of the suspension or revocation, the Commissioner shall suspend the Vermont operator's license or right of the individual to operate motor vehicles, and the suspension shall remain in effect until the individual furnishes the Commissioner with satisfactory evidence that the individual has complied with the requirement to furnish the other state with evidence of future financial responsibility.

(d)-(h) [Repealed.]

(i) No proof of financial responsibility shall be required, under subdivision 801(a)(3) of this title, and no license shall be suspended under that subdivision, unless the operator whose license or right to operate motor vehicles is subject to suspension has been afforded the opportunity of a hearing to determine whether the operator was, at the time of the crash, injury, or damage in question, insured against public liability and property damage in the amounts required under section 801 of this title with respect to proof of financial responsibility. If the operator requests a hearing, and appears at the time and place provided, the Commissioner or his or her appointed representative shall conduct a hearing, make findings, and render a decision. The hearing examiner may consider such evidence as is offered and may consider also the operator and investigating officer report or reports filed in connection with the crash, injury, or damages as well as the assumption permitted under subsection 801(e) of this title. If the decision of the hearing examiner finds the operator to be uninsured at the time of the crash, injury, or damages, then the person shall be required to provide proof of financial responsibility under this subchapter and, if he or she fails to do so, his or her license or right to operate a motor vehicle shall be suspended. A person found to be uninsured may have the finding reviewed in the Superior Court. The hearings provided for shall be conducted in Montpelier. Hearings shall be conducted with a minimum of procedural requirements, so as to provide persons an opportunity to be heard without delay and at reasonable expense to them and to the State.
23 V.S.A. § 2081 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2081
§ 2081. Application of subchapter
Status: in_force

(a) This subchapter does not apply to a self-propelled wheelchair or invalid tricycle.

(b) The provisions of this subchapter that apply to certificates of title shall also apply to salvage certificates of title, exempt vehicle titles, certificates of origin, and secure assignments of title.
23 V.S.A. § 1091 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1091
§ 1091. Negligent operation; grossly negligent operation
Status: in_force

(a) Negligent operation.

(1) A person who operates a motor vehicle on a public highway in a negligent manner shall be guilty of negligent operation.

(2) The standard for a conviction for negligent operation in violation of this subsection shall be ordinary negligence, examining whether the person breached a duty to exercise ordinary care.

(3) A person who violates this subsection shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. If the person has been previously convicted of a violation of this subsection, the person shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $3,000.00, or both. If serious bodily injury to or death of any person other than the operator results, the operator shall be subject to imprisonment for not more than two years or to a fine of not more than $3,000.00, or both. If serious bodily injury or death results to more than one person other than the operator, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision for each decedent or person injured.

(b) Grossly negligent operation.

(1) A person who operates a motor vehicle on a public highway in a grossly negligent manner shall be guilty of grossly negligent operation.

(2) The standard for a conviction for grossly negligent operation in violation of this subsection shall be gross negligence, examining whether the person engaged in conduct that involved a gross deviation from the care that a reasonable person would have exercised in that situation.

(3) A person who violates this subsection shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section, the person shall be imprisoned not more than four years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both. If serious bodily injury to or death of any person other than the operator results, the operator shall be imprisoned for not more than 15 years or fined not more than $15,000.00, or both. If serious bodily injury or death results to more than one person other than the operator, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision for each decedent or person injured.

(c) Prosecution for manslaughter. The provisions of this section do not limit or restrict the prosecution for manslaughter.

(d) Surcharge. A person convicted of violating subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 2095 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2095
§ 2095. Penalty
Status: in_force

(a) A person who violates any provision of section 2094 of this subchapter shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.

(b) A person who violates any provision of this subchapter other than section 2094 shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 4107 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4107
§ 4107. Commercial driver's license required
Status: in_force

(a) Except when driving under a commercial learner's permit and accompanied by the holder of a commercial driver's license valid for the vehicle being driven, no individual may drive a commercial motor vehicle on the highways of this State unless the following conditions are met:

(1) the individual holds a commercial driver's license;

(2) the individual is in immediate possession of the license; and

(3) the license has the applicable endorsements valid for the vehicle the individual is driving.

(b) No individual may drive a commercial motor vehicle while his or her driving privilege is suspended, revoked, or cancelled; while subject to a disqualification; or in violation of an out-of-service order.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, employees of farm-related service industries shall be exempt from the knowledge and skills tests required under this chapter and shall be issued restricted commercial driver's licenses as long as the applicants meet the requirements of 49 C.F.R. Part 383, as amended, and upon payment of the appropriate fee.

(2) For the purposes of this section, “farm-related service industries” shall include farm retail outlets and suppliers, agri-chemical businesses, custom harvesters, and livestock feeders.
23 V.S.A. § 2506 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2506
§ 2506. Procedure
Status: in_force

When a sufficient number of points has been acquired, the Commissioner shall suspend the license of an operator or the privilege of an unlicensed individual or nonresident to operate a motor vehicle, upon not less than 10 days' notice, and upon hearing, if requested for verification of the conviction records. The suspension shall be for 10 days for an accumulation of 10 points, 30 days for 15 points, 90 days for 20 points, and for a period increasing by 30 days for each additional 5 points; except the suspension period for a conviction for first offense of sections 1091, 1094, 1128, and 1133 of this title shall be 30 days, for a second conviction 90 days, and for a third or subsequent six months, or the suspension period under the point values, whichever is greater. If a fatality occurs, the suspension shall be for a period of one year in addition to the suspension under the point values. For purposes of this section, a month equals 30 days and one year equals 365 days.
23 V.S.A. § 614 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 614
§ 614. Rights under license
Status: in_force

(a) An operator's license shall entitle the holder to operate a registered motor vehicle with the consent of the owner whether employed to do so or not.

(b) A junior operator's license shall entitle the holder to operate a registered motor vehicle with the consent of the owner but shall not entitle him or her to operate a motor vehicle in the course of his or her employment or for direct or indirect compensation for one year following issuance of the license, except that the holder may operate a farm tractor with or without compensation upon a public highway in going to and from different parts of a farm of the tractor's owner or to go to any repair shop for repair purposes. A junior operator's license shall not entitle the holder to carry passengers for hire.

(c) During the first three months of operation, the holder of a junior operator's license is restricted to driving alone or with a licensed parent or guardian, licensed or certified driver education instructor, or licensed person at least 25 years of age. During the following three months, a junior operator may additionally transport family members. No person operating with a junior operator's license shall transport more passengers than there are safety belts unless he or she is operating a vehicle that has not been manufactured with a federally approved safety belt system. A person convicted of operating a motor vehicle in violation of this subsection shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $50.00, and his or her license shall be recalled for a period of 90 days. The provisions of this subsection may be enforced only if a law enforcement officer has detained the operator for another suspected traffic violation.

(d) A nonresident under 18 years of age who is privileged to operate on Vermont highways under section 208 of this title shall be subject to the restrictions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1405 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1405
§ 1405. Actions against the bond
Status: in_force

The State, a person, or a municipal corporation injured by any careless, negligent, or unlawful act of or failure of the principal or his or her agents or servants to comply with the provisions of such permit or on account of the injury to a highway, bridge, or culvert because of the excessive weight allowed by such permit, and, if the death of any person is caused by any careless, negligent, or unlawful act as aforesaid, the executor or administrator, shall have a right of action in the name of the obligee named in such bond for his or her, its, or their use and benefits against the principal and surety named in such bond and may prosecute the same to final judgment and execution.
23 V.S.A. § 1126 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1126
§ 1126. Putting glass, other items, on highway prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall drop or deposit upon any highway any glass bottle, glass, nails, tacks, wire, cans, or any other substance likely to injure any person, animal, or vehicle upon the highway.

(b) A person shall immediately remove or cause to be removed any destructive or injurious material that he or she drops or deposits, or permits to be dropped or deposited, upon any highway.

(c) If the throwing or depositing was done from a motor vehicle, except a motor bus or a bus transporting schoolchildren, it is prima facie evidence that the throwing or depositing was done by the operator of the motor vehicle.

(d) A person removing a wrecked or damaged vehicle from a highway shall remove any glass or other injurious substance dropped upon the highway from the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3811 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3811
§ 3811. Information on certificate
Status: in_force

(a) Each certificate of title issued by the Commissioner shall contain:

(1) The date issued.

(2) The name and address of the owner.

(3) The names and addresses of any lienholders, in the order of priority as shown on the application or, if the application is based on a certificate of title, as shown on the certificate; however, no more than two lienholders may appear on a certificate. In the event that there are more than two lienholders on the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the certificate of title shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner.

(4) The title number assigned to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(5) A description of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle including, so far as the following data exist:

(A) its make, model, identification, or serial number;

(B) for a vessel, its construction materials and length, whether new or used;

(C) if a new vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the date of the first sale of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for use.

(6) Any other data the Commissioner prescribes.

(b) Unless a bond is filed as provided in subdivision 3813(2) of this title, a distinctive certificate of title shall be issued for a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle last previously registered in another state or country the laws of which do not require that lienholders be named on a certificate of title to perfect their security interests, or for which a title had not been issued by such other state or country. The certificate shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner and may contain any other information the Commissioner prescribes. If no notice of a security interest in the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is received by the Commissioner within four months from the issuance of the distinctive certificate of title, he or she shall, upon application and surrender of the distinctive certificate, issue a certificate of title in ordinary form.

(c) The certificate of title shall contain forms for assignment and warranty of title by the owner and for assignment and warranty of title by a dealer, and may contain forms for applications for a certificate of title by a transferee, the naming of a lienholder, and the assignment or release of the security interest of a lienholder.

(d) A certificate of title issued by the Commissioner is prima facie evidence of the facts appearing on it.

(e) A certificate of title for a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is not subject to garnishment, attachment, execution, or other judicial process, but this subsection does not prevent a lawful levy upon the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 1137 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1137
§ 1137. Riding on bicycles
Status: in_force

(a) No individual propelling a bicycle may ride other than on or astride a permanent and regular seat attached to the bicycle.

(b) No individual may use a bicycle to carry more individuals at any one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped.
23 V.S.A. § 1075 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1075
§ 1075. Passing school bus
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a motor vehicle, including authorized emergency vehicles under section 1015 of this title, upon meeting or overtaking a vehicle marked and equipped as provided in section 1283 of this title that has stopped on the highway for the purpose of receiving or discharging public or private schoolchildren, shall stop his or her vehicle immediately and shall keep it stationary while the flashing red signal lights are in operation.

(b) The driver of a vehicle need not stop upon a highway with separate roadways upon meeting or overtaking a school bus that is on a different roadway, or upon a controlled access highway where the school bus is stopped in a loading zone that is a part of or adjacent to the highway at a point where pedestrians are not permitted to cross the roadway.
23 V.S.A. § 3323 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3323
§ 3323. Boating under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State while:

(1) there is 0.08 percent or more by weight of alcohol in his or her blood, as shown by analysis of his or her breath or blood; or

(2) under the influence of alcohol; or

(3) under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug to a degree that renders the person incapable of operating safely.

(b) As used in this section, “alcohol” includes “alcohol,” “malt beverages,” “spirits,” “fortified wines,” and “vinous beverages” as defined in 7 V.S.A. § 2, and any beverage or liquid containing any of them.

(c) A person who is a habitual user of or under the influence of any narcotic drug or who is under the influence of any other drug, substance, or inhalant other than alcohol to a degree that renders the person incapable of safely operating a vessel may not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a vessel. The fact that a person charged with a violation of this section is or has been entitled to use such drug under the laws of this State shall not constitute a defense against any charge of violating this section.

(d) For the purposes of this section, “drug” means a regulated drug as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 4201.

(e) A person may not be convicted of more than one violation of subsection (a) of this section arising out of the same incident.
23 V.S.A. § 1400d — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1400d
§ 1400d. Agricultural service vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) An agricultural service vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(71) of this title, shall be exempt from the provisions of sections 1400 and 1400a and subsection 1434(c) of this subchapter if the gross weight does not exceed 60,000 pounds.

(b) Municipalities shall not be liable for injuries or damages to agricultural service vehicles or their operators that result from crossing a posted bridge with an agricultural service vehicle that weighs more than the posted weight limit.
23 V.S.A. § 3512 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3512
§ 3512. Attempting to elude a police officer
Status: in_force

An operator of an all-terrain vehicle shall bring his or her vehicle to a stop when signalled to do so by an enforcement officer wearing identifying insignia or operating a law enforcement vehicle sounding a siren or displaying a flashing blue or blue and white signal lamp.
23 V.S.A. § 1008a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1008a
§ 1008a. Regulation of motor vehicles at State airports
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Secretary may adopt rules governing the operation, use, and parking of motor vehicles on the grounds of State airports, including the access roads.

(2) In addition, the Secretary may prescribe special restrictions related to parking of plug-in electric vehicles in designated areas on such grounds.

(b) Signs indicating the rules or restrictions shall be conspicuously posted in and near all areas affected.
23 V.S.A. § 1454 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1454
§ 1454. Securing loads
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate a motor vehicle nor draw a trailer or semi-trailer on a highway unless the motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer is so constructed and loaded that it will create no hazard to other users of the highway.

(b) The Commissioner may, by rule, impose design and load security requirements, consistent with nationally recognized safety standards, upon motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers in order to provide for the safe and secure transport of any loads. (1961, No. 62, §§ 1, 2; amended 1971, No. 228 (Adj. Sess.), § 32; 1997, No. 46, § 7.)
23 V.S.A. § 466 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 466
§ 466. Records; disclosures; custodian [Effective July 1, 2025; see also 23 @ § 466 effective until July 1, 2025 set out above]
Status: repealed

(a) On a form prescribed or approved by the Commissioner, every licensed dealer shall maintain and retain for six years a record containing the following information, which shall be open to inspection by any law enforcement officer or motor vehicle inspector or other agent of the Commissioner during reasonable business hours:

(1) Every vehicle or motorboat that is bought, sold, or exchanged by the licensee or received or accepted by the licensee for sale or exchange.

(2) Every vehicle or motorboat that is bought or otherwise acquired and dismantled by the licensee.

(3) The name and address of the person from whom such vehicle or motorboat was purchased or acquired, the date thereof, the name and address of the person to whom any such vehicle or motorboat was sold or otherwise disposed of and the date thereof, and a sufficient description of every such vehicle or motorboat by name and identifying numbers thereon to identify the same.

(4) [Repealed.]

(b)(1) On a form prescribed or approved by the Commissioner, a licensed dealer shall provide written disclosure to each buyer of a used motor vehicle regarding the following:

(A) the month in which the vehicle was last inspected pursuant to section 1222 of this title;

(B) the month in which the inspection shall expire;

(C) whether the most recent inspection was by the dealer currently selling the motor vehicle;

(D) a statement that the condition of the motor vehicle may be different than the condition at the last inspection, unless inspected by the dealer selling the vehicle for the current transaction;

(E) a statement regarding the right of a potential buyer to have the vehicle inspected by an independent qualified mechanic of their choice and at their own expense; and

(F) a clear and conspicuous statement, if applicable, that the vehicle is being transferred without an inspection sticker, with an expired inspection sticker, or with an inspection sticker from another state.

(2) The licensed dealer shall maintain and retain record of the disclosure statement, signed by both the dealer and the buyer, for two years after transfer of ownership. The record shall be open to inspection by any law enforcement officer or motor vehicle inspector or other agent of the Commissioner during reasonable business hours.

(c) Every licensed dealer shall designate a custodian of documents who shall have primary responsibility for administration of documents required to be maintained under this title. In the absence of the designated custodian, the dealer shall have an ongoing duty to make such records available for inspection by any law enforcement officer or motor vehicle inspector or other agent of the Commissioner during reasonable business hours.
23 V.S.A. § 468 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 468
§ 468. General prohibition
Status: in_force

A dealer shall not operate a vehicle or motorboat nor permit the same to be operated under dealer's registration numbers, except as specifically permitted in this chapter or under section 3204, 3305, or 3504 of this title. No charge shall be made for any permitted use.
23 V.S.A. § 3014 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3014
§ 3014. Reports; exceptions
Status: in_force

(a) Every distributor or dealer, on or before the 25th day of each month, shall file by mail with the Commissioner on forms prescribed by him or her a report for the preceding month that shall include the number of gallons of fuel sold or delivered. A distributor's report shall also include the identity of the person to whom the fuel was sold or delivered, the amount of the tax collected and by whom, and the monthly total of fuel sold or delivered. The report shall be filed even though no fuel was sold or delivered.

(b) Every licensed user shall file by mail a report with the Commissioner on forms prescribed or in a form approved by him or her that shall include the number of gallons of fuel used in Vermont by motor vehicles owned or operated by him or her. All users shall file on a quarterly basis on or before April 30 for the calendar quarter ending March 31, on or before July 31 for the calendar quarter ending June 30, on or before October 31 for the calendar quarter ending September 30, and on or before January 31 for the calendar quarter ending December 31. The report shall be filed even though no motor fuel was used or delivered.

(c) Any user whose sole use of fuel is for the propulsion of a pleasure car or motor truck registered for not more than 26,001 pounds is exempt from filing the report.

(d) If the Commissioner deems it necessary in order to ensure payment of the tax, or to facilitate the administration of this chapter, the Commissioner may require reports and payment of tax to be made for other than and in addition to quarterly periods. A user may apply to the Commissioner for approval to file reports and pay taxes on a more frequent basis.

(e) The Commissioner may exempt a dealer from the monthly report requirement if the dealer holds a valid license and annually certifies that the dealer purchases all fuel sold or delivered from a licensed distributor and pays the tax on such fuel to the distributor. A dealer so exempted shall retain and make available for inspection by the Commissioner or designated agents such records as may be required to substantiate the certification, including pump meter readings and delivery invoices.
23 V.S.A. § 452 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 452
§ 452. Expiration
Status: in_force

Unless otherwise specifically provided or unless canceled, revoked, or suspended, dealers' registrations and certificates shall become void one year from the first day of the month of issue. The Commissioner may renew dealer registrations for two years and may stagger expiration dates.
23 V.S.A. § 4110a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4110a
§ 4110a. Non-excepted interstate or intrastate status; certified medical status
Status: in_force

(a) On or before January 30, 2014, every individual who holds a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license shall provide the Commissioner the certification required under subdivision 4110(a)(6)(A) of this title.

(b) On or before January 30, 2014, existing holders of a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license who certify to non-excepted interstate driving operations shall provide the Commissioner with an original or a copy of a current medical examiner's certificate. Certification status of “certified” will be posted on the Commercial Driver's License Information System driver record for the driver. Failure to provide the Commissioner a current medical examiner's certificate will result in the posting of “not-certified” status to the Commercial Driver's License Information System driver record for the driver, and a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license downgrade shall be initiated.

(c) To maintain a medical certification status of “certified,” the holder of a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit who certifies that he or she will operate commercial motor vehicles in non-excepted interstate commerce must provide the State an original or copy of each subsequently issued medical examiner's certificate required under 49 C.F.R. Part 391.
23 V.S.A. § 1065 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1065
§ 1065. Hand signals
Status: in_force

(a) A right or left turn shall not be made without first giving a signal of intention either by hand or by signal in accordance with section 1064 of this title. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, all signals to indicate change of speed or direction, when given by hand, shall be given from the left side of the vehicle and in the following manner:

(1) Left turn. — Hand and arm extended horizontally.

(2) Right turn. — Hand and arm extended upward.

(3) Stop or decrease speed. — Hand and arm extended downward.

(b) A person operating a bicycle may give a right-turn signal by extending the right hand and arm horizontally and to the right side of the bicycle.
23 V.S.A. § 3805 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3805
§ 3805. Appeal
Status: in_force

A person aggrieved by the Commissioner's act or omission to act by the Commissioner under this chapter may appeal to the Superior Court for Washington County in the same manner as is provided for in other civil actions.
23 V.S.A. § 450a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 450a
§ 450a. Dealer registration; eligibility
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not be eligible to register as a dealer unless the person:

(1) Has no previous record of willful violations of dealer laws or rules in this or any other jurisdiction.

(2) For initial and renewal applicants, has not had a conviction or been incarcerated for a conviction for extortion, forgery, fraud, larceny, or embezzlement in this or any other jurisdiction within the 10 years prior to the application.

(3) Has no unsatisfied judgments against the person arising out of violations of consumer protection laws in Vermont or any other jurisdiction.

(4) Owns real estate (as defined in 1 V.S.A. § 132) as his or her place of business or has a lease with an expiration date not earlier than the last day of the registration year for which registration is sought under the provisions of this subchapter, which includes a building of at least 1,200 square feet in size used primarily for the business of the dealership. The building shall have adequate facilities for the maintenance of the records required by law to be kept including those required by section 466 of this title.

(b) In addition to the requirements of subsection (a) of this section, a person shall not be eligible to register as a dealer in cars, motor trucks, motorcycles, or motor-driven cycles unless the person presents proof of compliance with the provisions of section 800 of this title at the time application for registration is made.

(c) In addition to the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, a person shall not be eligible to register as a dealer in cars or motor trucks unless the person is open for business at least 146 days during the calendar year. The applicant shall provide the Commissioner with the hours of operation of the business that the person shall maintain during the registration period at the time of the application.
23 V.S.A. § 2158 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2158
§ 2158. Fees for towing; public property; funding
Status: repealed

(a) A towing service may charge a fee of up to $125.00 for towing an abandoned motor vehicle from public property under the provisions of sections 2151–2157 of this subchapter. This fee shall be paid to the towing service upon the issuance by the Department of Motor Vehicles of a certificate of abandoned motor vehicles under section 2156 of this title. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall notify the Commissioner of Finance and Management who shall issue payment to the towing service for vehicles removed from public property.

(b) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 3807 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3807
§ 3807. Exempted vessels, snowmobiles, and all-terrain vehicles
Status: in_force

No certificate of title need be obtained for:

(1) any vessel under 16 feet in length;

(2) any snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle of a model year prior to 2004 or that is more than 15 years old;

(3) any vessel that is a canoe, kayak, or similar watercraft designed to be manually propelled or equipped with a motor not to exceed 10 horsepower;

(4) a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle owned by the United States, unless it is registered in this State;

(5) a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle owned by a manufacturer or dealer and held for sale;

(6) a vessel owned by a nonresident of this State and not required by law to be registered in this State;

(7) a vessel regularly engaged in the interstate transportation of persons or property for which a currently effective certificate of title has been issued in another state;

(8) any snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle owned by a nonresident of this State whose state of residence does not require a certificate of title for any such snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle;

(9) any snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle owned by a nonresident of this State whose state of residence does require a certificate of title for any such snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle and the title has been issued or applied for;

(10) any vessels that are more than 15 years old.
23 V.S.A. § 373 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 373
§ 373. Exhibition vehicles; year of manufacture plates
Status: in_force

(a) The annual fee for the registration of a motor vehicle that is maintained for use in exhibitions, club activities, parades, and other functions of public interest and that is not used for general daily transportation of passengers or property on any highway shall be $26.00, in lieu of fees otherwise provided by law. Permitted use shall include:

(1) use in exhibitions, club activities, parades, and other functions of public interest; and

(2) occasional transportation of passengers or property not more than one day per week.

(b) Pursuant to the provisions of section 304 of this title, one registration plate shall be issued to those vehicles registered under subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Vermont registration plates issued prior to 1968 may be displayed on a motor vehicle registered under this section instead of the plate issued under this section, if the issued plate is maintained within the vehicle and produced upon request of any enforcement officer as defined in subdivision 4(11) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1022 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1022
§ 1022. Traffic-control signals
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever traffic is controlled by traffic-control signals exhibiting different colored lights, or colored lighted arrows, successively one at a time or in combination, only the colors green, red, and yellow may be used, except for special pedestrian signals carrying a word legend, and the signals shall indicate and apply to drivers and pedestrians as follows:

(1) Green signal.

(A) Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed straight through or turn right or left unless a sign prohibits either turn. Vehicular traffic, including vehicles turning right or left, shall yield the right of way to other vehicles or to pedestrians lawfully within the intersection or on an adjacent crosswalk at the time the signal is exhibited.

(B) Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, shown alone or in combination with another signal, may cautiously enter the intersection only to make the movement indicated by the arrow, or such other movement as is permitted by other signals shown at the same time. Vehicular traffic shall yield the right of way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk or to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.

(C) Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal, as provided in section 1023 of this title, pedestrians facing a green signal may proceed across the roadway within any marked or unmarked crosswalk, but not when the sole green signal is a turn arrow.

(2) Steady yellow signal.

(A) Vehicular traffic facing a steady yellow signal is thereby warned that the related green signal is being terminated or that a red signal will be exhibited immediately thereafter, when vehicular traffic shall not enter the intersection.

(B) Pedestrians facing a steady yellow signal, unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in section 1023 of this title, are advised that there is insufficient time to cross the roadway before a red signal is shown, and no pedestrian shall then start to cross the roadway.

(3) Steady red signal.

(A) Vehicular traffic facing a steady circular red signal alone shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection.

(B) Except when a sign is in place prohibiting a turn, vehicular traffic facing any steady red signal may cautiously enter the intersection to turn right, or to turn left from a one way street into a one way street, after stopping as required by subdivision (A) of this subdivision (3). This traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection. No motorist shall turn right when facing a red arrow signal indication unless a regulatory sign is present that permits this movement.

(C) Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in section 1023 of this title, pedestrians facing a steady red signal alone shall not enter the roadway.

(b) If an official traffic-control signal is erected and maintained at a place other than an intersection, this section is applicable except as to those provisions that by their nature can have no application. Any stop required shall be made at a sign or marking on the pavement indicating where the stop is to be made, but in the absence of any sign or marking the stop shall be made at the signal.
23 V.S.A. § 516 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 516
§ 516. Sale of vehicle to go out of State by a person other than dealer
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles is authorized to issue an in-transit registration permit for the purpose of movement over the highways of certain motor vehicles otherwise required to be registered when the vehicles are sold in this State by a person, other than a registered motor vehicle dealer, to be transported to and registered in another state or province. The registration may be obtained by submitting an application on a form prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The Commissioner is authorized to charge a fee of $8.00 for the processing of the application and the issuance of the plate. The in-transit registration plate pursuant to this section shall be valid for a period of 30 days from issuance and shall be in the form and design prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Issuance of an in-transit plate for vehicles sold by a registered motor vehicle dealer to a person to be transported to and registered in another state or province shall be governed by the provisions of section 463 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3216 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3216
§ 3216. Governor's Snowmobile Council
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Governor's Snowmobile Council is created. The members of the Council shall consist of:

(A) the President or designee of VAST;

(B) the Secretary of Natural Resources or designee;

(C) the Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife or designee;

(D) the Commissioner of Public Safety or designee;

(E) the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or designee;

(F) the Commissioner of Forests, Parks and Recreation or designee;

(G) the President of the Vermont Sheriffs' Association or designee;

(H) the President of the Vermont Chiefs of Police Association or designee;

(I) five members appointed by the Governor to represent geographic regions of the State;

(J) one member of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House; and

(K) one member of the Senate appointed by the Committee on Committees.

(2) The Chair shall be appointed by the Governor.

(b) The Council shall serve the following functions:

(1) to review, advise, and consent on development of the annual plan for the expenditure of funds for the Statewide Snowmobile Trail Program;

(2) to review and advise the Governor and General Assembly on matters relating to snowmobiling in Vermont, including environmental and community impacts, development of snowmobile trails, ways to encourage snowmobile traffic in those communities that seek more traffic and control the growth in municipalities that desire less traffic, adequacy of parking areas, carrying capacity of trails, State laws and rules affecting snowmobilers, and promoting snowmobiling in this State;

(3) to help coordinate efforts of VAST and State and federal agencies, private industry, and nonprofit organizations in meeting the needs of snowmobilers in Vermont;

(4) to perform any other duties or functions regarding snowmobiling assigned by the Governor; and

(5) to ensure that municipal legislative bodies are given advance notice and an opportunity for input before trail or parking lot expansion takes place in the community.

(c) The members appointed by the Governor shall serve for two-year terms and all others shall serve the term of their office.

(d) The Council may designate technical work groups, composed of representatives of appropriate public agencies, private organizations, and individuals, to assist in the collection, study, and evaluation of information and to advise the Council on particular issues.

(e)(1) The appointed members of the Council and the President or designee of VAST shall be entitled to compensation at the rate provided for in 32 V.S.A. § 1010. Expenditures shall be paid from snowmobile funds appropriated to the Agency of Natural Resources for administration of the program.

(2) Legislative members shall be entitled to compensation and reimbursement of expenses as provided for by 2 V.S.A. § 23.

(3) Technical work group members shall not be entitled to compensation or reimbursement of expenses.

(f) The Council is attached to the Office of the Secretary of Natural Resources for administrative support.
23 V.S.A. § 1203 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1203
§ 1203. Administration of tests; retention of test and videotape
Status: repealed

(a) A breath test shall be administered only by a person who has been certified by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council to operate the breath testing equipment being employed. In any proceeding under this subchapter, a person's testimony that he or she is certified to operate the breath testing equipment employed shall be prima facie evidence of that fact.

(b)(1) Only a physician, licensed nurse, medical technician, physician assistant, medical technologist, laboratory assistant, intermediate or advanced emergency medical technician, or paramedic acting at the request of a law enforcement officer may, at a medical facility, police or fire department, or other safe and clean location as determined by the individual withdrawing blood, withdraw blood for the purpose of determining the presence of alcohol or another drug. Any withdrawal of blood shall not be taken at roadside, and a law enforcement officer, even if trained to withdraw blood, acting in that official capacity may not withdraw blood for the purpose of determining the presence of alcohol or another drug. These limitations do not apply to the taking of a breath sample. A medical facility or business may not charge more than $75.00 for services rendered when an individual is brought to a facility for the sole purpose of an evidentiary blood sample or when an emergency medical technician or paramedic draws an evidentiary blood sample.

(2) A saliva sample may be obtained by a person authorized by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council to collect a saliva sample for the purpose of evidentiary testing to determine the presence of a drug. Any saliva sample obtained pursuant to this section shall not be taken at roadside.

(c) When blood or saliva is withdrawn at an officer's request, a sufficient amount of saliva or blood, as the case may be, shall be taken to enable the person to have made an independent analysis of the sample and shall be held for at least 45 days from the date the sample was taken. At any time during that period, the person may direct that the sample be sent to an independent laboratory of the person's choosing for an independent analysis. The Department of Public Safety shall adopt rules providing for the security of the sample. At no time shall the defendant or any agent of the defendant have access to the sample. A preserved sample of breath shall not be required when an infrared breath-testing instrument is used. A person tested with an infrared breath-testing instrument shall have the option of having a second infrared test administered immediately after receiving the results of the first test.

(d) In the case of a breath, saliva, or blood test, the test shall be analyzed in compliance with rules adopted by the Department of Public Safety. The analyses shall be retained by the State. A sample is adequate if the infrared breath testing instrument analyzes the sample and does not indicate the sample is deficient. An analysis of the person's saliva or blood that is available to that person for independent analysis shall be considered valid when performed according to methods approved by the Department of Public Safety. The analysis performed by the State shall be considered valid when performed according to a method or methods selected by the Department of Public Safety. The Department of Public Safety shall use rulemaking procedures to select its method or methods. Failure of a person to provide an adequate breath or saliva sample constitutes a refusal.

(e) [Repealed.]

(f) When a law enforcement officer has reason to believe that a person may be violating or has violated section 1201 of this title, the officer may request the person to provide a sample of breath for a preliminary screening test using a device approved by the Commissioner of Public Safety for this purpose. The person shall not have the right to consult an attorney prior to submitting to this preliminary breath alcohol screening. The results of this preliminary screening may be used for the purpose of deciding whether an arrest should be made and whether to request an evidentiary test and shall not be used in any court proceeding except on those issues. Following the screening, additional tests may be required of the operator pursuant to the provisions of section 1202 of this title.

(g) The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner shall report in writing to the Department of Motor Vehicles the death of any individual as the result of a crash involving a vehicle and the circumstances of the crash within five days after such death.

(h) A Vermont law enforcement officer shall have a right to request a breath, saliva, or blood sample in an adjoining state or country under this section unless prohibited by the law of the other state or country. If the law in an adjoining state or country does not prohibit an officer acting under this section from taking a breath, saliva, or blood sample in its jurisdiction, evidence of such sample shall not be excluded in the courts of this State solely on the basis that the test was taken outside the State.

(i) The Commissioner of Public Safety shall adopt emergency rules relating to the operation, maintenance, and use of preliminary alcohol screening devices for use by law enforcement officers in enforcing the provisions of this title. The Commissioner shall consider relevant standards of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in adopting such rules. Any preliminary alcohol screening device authorized for use under this title shall be on the qualified products list of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

(j) A videotape made of the alleged offense and subsequent processing may be erased or destroyed by the law enforcement agency no earlier than 90 days after final judgment or, if no civil or criminal action is filed, no earlier than 90 days after the date the videotape was made.

(k) A copy of a videotape made of the alleged offense shall be provided to the defendant within ten days after the defendant requests the copy and pays a $45.00 fee for its reproduction. No fee shall be charged to a defendant whom the court has determined to be indigent.
23 V.S.A. § 710 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 710
§ 710. Hearing and appeal
Status: in_force

Each holder of a driver's training school or instructor's license under this section shall be entitled to notice and hearing prior to cancellation, suspension, revocation, or failure by the Department to renew the license of such licensee. Hearings under the provisions of this section shall be held in accordance with the provisions of sections 105-107 of this title and at such time and place as the Commissioner may determine.
23 V.S.A. § 2018 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2018
§ 2018. Information on certificate
Status: in_force

(a) Each certificate of title issued by the Commissioner shall contain:

(1) The date issued.

(2) The name and address of the owner.

(3) The names and addresses of any lienholders, in the order of priority as shown on the application or, if the application is based on a certificate of title, as shown on the certificate; however, no more than two lienholders may appear on a certificate. In the event that there are more than two lienholders on the vehicle, the certificate of title shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner.

(4) The title number assigned to the vehicle.

(5) A description of the vehicle, including, so far as the following data exist, its make, model, identification number, odometer reading, or hubometer reading or clock meter reading on all vehicles, type of body, number of cylinders, whether new or used, and, if a new vehicle, the date of the first sale of the vehicle for use.

(6) Any other data the Commissioner prescribes.

(b) Unless a bond is filed as provided in subdivision 2020(2) of this title, a distinctive certificate of title shall be issued for a vehicle last previously registered in another state or country the laws of which do not require that lienholders be named on a certificate of title to perfect their security interests. The certificate shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner and may contain any other information the Commissioner prescribes. If no notice of a security interest in the vehicle is received by the Commissioner within four months from the issuance of the distinctive certificate of title, he or she shall, upon application and surrender of the distinctive certificate, issue a certificate of title in ordinary form.

(c) The certificate of title shall contain forms for assignment and warranty of title by the owner and for assignment and warranty of title by a dealer, and may contain forms for applications for a certificate of title by a transferee, the naming of a lienholder, and the assignment or release of the security interest of a lienholder.

(d) A certificate of title issued by the Commissioner is prima facie evidence of the facts appearing on it.

(e) A certificate of title for a vehicle is not subject to garnishment, attachment, execution, or other judicial process, but this subsection does not prevent a lawful levy upon the vehicle.

(f) If a vehicle has been returned to the manufacturer after final determination, adjudication, or settlement pursuant to the provisions of 9 V.S.A. chapter 115 or after final determination, adjudication, or settlement under similar laws of any other state, any certificate of title for the vehicle shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 753 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 10 / Section 753
§ 753. Enforcement; administrative penalties
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may impose an administrative penalty pursuant to this section if a company violates a provision of this chapter.

(b) A violation may be subject to an administrative penalty of not more than $500.00. Each violation is a separate and distinct offense and, in the case of a continuing violation, each day's continuance may be deemed a separate and distinct offense.

(c) The company shall be given notice and opportunity for a hearing for alleged violations under this section. Service of the notice shall be sufficient if sent by first-class mail to the applicable address on file with the Secretary of State. The notice shall include the following:

(1) a factual description of the alleged violation;

(2) a reference to the particular statute allegedly violated;

(3) the amount of the proposed administrative penalty; and

(4) a warning that the company will be deemed to have waived its right to a hearing and that the penalty will be imposed if no hearing is requested within 15 days from the date of the notice.

(d) A company that receives notice under subsection (c) of this section shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing unless, within 15 days from the date of the notice, the company requests a hearing in writing. If the company waives the right to a hearing, the Commissioner shall issue a final order finding the company in default and imposing the penalty.

(e) The provisions of sections 105, 106, and 107 of this title shall apply to hearings conducted under this section.

(f) The Commissioner may collect an unpaid administrative penalty by filing a civil action in Superior Court or through any other means available to State agencies.

(g) The remedies authorized by this section shall be in addition to any other civil or criminal remedies provided by law for violation of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 455 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 455
§ 455. Use by others than dealer
Status: in_force

A person, other than a dealer, shall not operate a motor vehicle under the provisions of section 454 of this title unless such person carries a written authority so to do signed by the dealer whose motor vehicle such person is operating.
23 V.S.A. § 2500 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2500
§ 2500. Application to traffic violations
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to traffic violations covered under chapter 24 of this title and for that purpose a determination by the Judicial Bureau that a person has committed a traffic violation, whether by admission, no contest, determination after hearing, or entry of a default judgment, shall be deemed a conviction under this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 2083 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2083
§ 2083. Other offenses
Status: in_force

(a) A person who:

(1) knowing that another person is not entitled to use or possess a certificate of title, knowingly permits that person to use or possess the certificate, shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in subdivision (5) of this subsection;

(2) knowingly fails to mail or deliver a certificate of title or application for a certificate of title to the Commissioner within 30 days after the transfer or creation or satisfaction of a security interest shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in subdivision (5) of this subsection;

(3) knowingly fails to deliver to his or her transferee a certificate of title within 30 days after the transfer shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in subdivision (5) of this subsection;

(4) knowingly and without authority signs a name other than his or her own on any title, or knowingly alters or inaccurately states the chain of ownership or other information required on any title, or knowingly fails to return a certificate of title that has been fraudulently made, or knowingly has unauthorized possession of blank certificates of title or manufacturer's certificates of origin, shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in subdivision (5) of this subsection;

(5) knowingly violates any provision of this chapter, except as provided in subdivision (6) of this subsection or section 2082 of this title, shall be fined not more than $2,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both; or

(6) knowingly represents as his or her own or sells or transfers a motor vehicle or vessel to which he or she does not hold legal title or is not authorized by the titleholder to sell or transfer, shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both, for each offense.

(b) Absent a showing of a knowing failure to deliver as provided in subdivision (a)(3) of this section, a person who fails to deliver to his or her transferee a certificate of title within 30 days after the transfer commits a traffic violation and shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $1,000.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1126a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1126a
§ 1126a. Depositing snow onto or across certain highways prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) No person, other than an employee in the performance of his or her official duties or other person authorized by the Agency of Transportation (in the case of State highways) or selectboard (in the case of town highways), shall plow or otherwise deposit snow onto the traveled way, shoulder, or sidewalk of a State highway or a class 1, 2, or 3 town highway.

(b) Nothing in this section should be construed to be in derogation of any municipal ordinance regulating the deposit of snow within the limits of town highways.
23 V.S.A. § 415 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 415
§ 415. Nondiesel fuel user's license
Status: repealed

(a) In addition to any other provision of law relating to registration of motor trucks with a gross weight of 18,000 pounds or over and powered by gasoline or any other nondiesel fuel, or fees paid for the registration of motor trucks with a gross weight of 18,000 pounds or over and powered by gasoline or any other nondiesel fuel, a person owning or operating a motor truck upon the highways of the State, registered in this State, shall apply to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for a nondiesel fuel user's license for each motor truck to be so operated. Application shall be made upon a form prescribed by the Commissioner and shall set forth the information as the Commissioner may require. The application shall be accompanied by a license fee of $6.50 for each motor truck listed in the application. However, any license issued under this section prior to July 1, 1990 shall remain in effect for the term of the issuance. The Commissioner shall issue a license and an identification tag, plate, or sticker for each motor truck, which tag, plate, or sticker shall be of the size and design and contain the information as the Commissioner shall prescribe. Except as otherwise provided, any such license and tag, plate, or sticker shall become void on January 1 next following the date of issue. Such licenses shall be carried in the motor truck and the tag, plate, or sticker shall be affixed to the motor truck and visible and legible at all times. This section shall not apply to motor trucks owned by federal, State, provincial, or municipal governments nor to motor trucks, otherwise required to be licensed under this section, that are being operated under the provisions of section 463 or 516 of this title.

(b) A person owning or operating a motor truck as defined in subsection (a) of this section that is registered in this State and for which the fees required under section 367 of this title have been paid shall not be required to obtain the license or pay the fee as required in subsection 367(a) of this title until his or her next registration renewal and annually thereafter.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) Upon approval of the Commissioner, one-way rental vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 26,000 pounds or less are exempt from carrying the nondiesel fuel user's license in the motor vehicle and are exempt from displaying the identification tag, plate, or sticker on or in the motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3806 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3806
§ 3806. Certificate of origin
Status: in_force

(a) When a new vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is delivered in this State by the manufacturer to his or her agent or his or her franchised dealer, the manufacturer shall execute and deliver to his or her agent or his or her franchised dealer a certificate of origin in the form prescribed by the Commissioner.

(b) No person shall bring into this State any new vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle unless he or she has possession of the certificate of origin as prescribed by the Commissioner.

(c) The certificate of origin shall contain:

(1) for a vessel:

(A) the manufacturer's hull identification number of the vessel;

(B) the name of the manufacturer;

(C) the make of the vessel;

(D) the model year;

(E) a description of the construction materials;

(F) the type of model; and

(G) the length of the vessel.

(2) for a snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle:

(A) the manufacturer's serial number;

(B) the name of the manufacturer;

(C) the make of the snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle;

(D) the model year; and

(E) the type of model.

(d) When a new vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is sold in this State, the manufacturer, his or her agent, or his or her franchised dealer shall execute and deliver to the purchaser, in case of an absolute sale, assignment of the certificate of origin or if other than absolute sale, assignment of the certificate of origin subject to contract, signed or executed by the manufacturer, his or her agent, or his or her dealer, with the genuine names and business or residence addresses of both stated on the certificate, and certified to have been executed with full knowledge of the contents and with the consent of both purchaser and seller. For good cause shown, the Commissioner may accept any other satisfactory evidence of the information required in a certificate of origin pursuant to this section.
23 V.S.A. § 108 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 108
§ 108. Application forms
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall prepare and furnish all forms for applications, crash reports, conviction reports, a pamphlet containing the full text of the motor vehicle laws of the State, and all other forms needed in the proper conduct of the Commissioner's office. The Commissioner shall furnish an adequate supply of registration forms, license applications, and motor vehicle laws each year to each town clerk, and to other persons upon request.

(b) As used in this section, “conviction” has the same meaning as in subdivision 4(60) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3515 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3515
§ 3515. All-terrain safety education course; issuance of certificate
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Public Safety shall establish and oversee a program of examination and certification of all-terrain vehicle operators. In order for an operator to be awarded a safety education certificate, he or she must submit evidence of successful completion of an all-terrain vehicle safety education course approved by the Commissioner and must successfully pass a written examination that shall test the applicant's knowledge of safe all-terrain vehicle operating practices and the applicable laws of the State of Vermont.

(b) The Commissioner may approve any appropriate all-terrain vehicle safety education course, regardless of whether or not it includes hands-on instruction in operating the vehicle, if the course meets minimum standards established by the Commissioner. An approved course shall include information about the appropriate use of helmets and the dangers of carrying a passenger. Such courses offered by the manufacturers or distributors of all-terrain vehicles, by community organizations such as 4-H, or by others, may be approved.

(c) The Commissioner shall develop and make available a written examination appropriate for certification of all-terrain vehicle operators as required by this section. In the discretion of the Commissioner, the examination may be administered by employees of the Department of Public Safety or by the persons who offer any approved all-terrain vehicle safety education course.

(d) No all-terrain vehicle safety education course that includes actual operation of the vehicle shall be approved unless adequate insurance coverage is provided.

(e) The instructors and persons providing an all-terrain vehicle safety education course approved by the Commissioner are exempt from compliance with the State's driver training laws.
23 V.S.A. § 3207 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207
§ 3207. Penalties and revocation or suspension of registration
Status: in_force

(a) A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of $35.00 for each violation:

(b) A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of $55.00 for each violation:

(c) A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of $135.00 for each violation:

(d) A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of $300.00 for each violation:

(e) A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of up to $500.00 for each violation:

(f) A person who violates any of the following provisions of this title shall be imprisoned for not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. If the person has been previously convicted of the same violation, the person shall be imprisoned for not more than two years or fined not more than $3,000.00, or both:

(g) The Commissioner or his or her authorized agent may suspend or revoke the registration of any snowmobile registered in this State and repossess the number and certificate to it, when he or she is satisfied that:

(1) a snowmobile has been stolen;

(2) the registrant is not the legal owner;

(3) a snowmobile is operated without proper equipment after the owner has been notified by a law enforcement officer to procure and use such equipment as is required by law or Department rules; or

(4) the owner of a snowmobile has perpetrated some fraud upon the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(h) Civil penalties established under this section shall be mandatory and may not be reduced.
23 V.S.A. § 707 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 707
§ 707. Records required; maintenance of vehicles
Status: in_force

Every driver's training school licensee shall keep a record on such forms as the Commissioner may prescribe showing the name and address of each instructor, the instruction license number of such instructor, the particular type of instruction given and how much time was given to each type of instruction, and such other information as the Commissioner may require. Such record shall be open to the inspection of the Department at all reasonable times. Individually identifying information about students that is exempt from public inspection and copying under 1 V.S.A. § 317(c)(7) shall be kept confidential. Every driver's training school licensee shall maintain all vehicles used in driver training in safe mechanical condition at all times.
23 V.S.A. § 1259 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1259
§ 1259. Safety belts; persons 18 years of age or older
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a motor vehicle shall be guilty of a violation of this section if any person 18 years of age or older is occupying a seating position that has been manufactured with a federally approved safety belt system and is not restrained by the safety belt system while the motor vehicle is in motion on a public highway.

(b) A person is required to be restrained in a safety belt system unless:

(1) the person is a rural mail carrier of the U.S. Postal Service operating a motor vehicle in the performance of employment;

(2) the person is a driver or passenger frequently stopping and leaving the motor vehicle or delivering property from the motor vehicle, if the speed of the motor vehicle between stops does not exceed 15 miles per hour;

(3) the person is the operator of any farm tractor;

(4) the person is a member of the emergency personnel of an emergency motor vehicle and finds it necessary to be unrestrained in order to perform his or her duties;

(5) the motor vehicle the person is occupying is a bus or taxi;

(6) the person is required to be restrained under section 1258 of this title; or

(7) the person has been ordered by an enforcement officer, a firefighter, or an authorized civil authority to evacuate persons from a stricken area.

(c) Noncompliance with the provisions of this section shall not be admissible as evidence in any civil proceeding.

(d) Failure to wear a safety belt in violation of this section shall not constitute negligence or contributory negligence in any civil proceeding or criminal action, nor be entered as evidence to bar prosecution of a criminal offense.

(e) This section may be enforced only if a law enforcement officer has detained the operator of a motor vehicle for another suspected traffic violation. An operator shall not be subject to the penalty established in this section unless the operator is required to pay a penalty for the primary violation.

(f) The penalty for violation of this section shall be as follows:

(1) $25.00 for a first violation;

(2) $50.00 for a second violation; and

(3) $100.00 for third and subsequent violations.
23 V.S.A. § 3208 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3208
§ 3208. Administration and enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall administer the provisions of this subchapter, except as otherwise provided, and may adopt rules prescribing forms and procedures for application and registration as necessary to carry its provisions into effect.

(b) The Secretary of Natural Resources shall provide to the Agency of Transportation a list of public lands, public waters, and natural areas on or over which a snowmobile may not be operated. The information provided shall be incorporated in the booklet made available pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

(c) This subchapter and rules adopted under this subchapter, together with the list provided by the Secretary of Natural Resources, shall be printed in booklet form and made available to the public by the Agency of Transportation.

(d) The provisions of this subchapter and rules adopted pursuant to this subchapter shall be enforced by law enforcement officers as defined in section 3302 of this title in accordance with the provisions of 4 V.S.A. chapter 29. Testimony of a witness as to the existence of navigation or snowmobile control signs, signals, or markings shall be prima facie evidence that such control, sign, signal, or marking existed pursuant to a lawful statute, regulation, or ordinance and that the defendant was lawfully required to obey a direction of such device.

(e) Law enforcement officers as defined in section 3302 of this title may conduct safety inspections on snowmobiles stopped for other snowmobile law violations on the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System. Safety inspections may also be conducted in a designated area by law enforcement officials. A designated area shall be warned solely by blue lights either on a stationary snowmobile parked on a trail or on a cruiser parked at a roadside trail crossing.
23 V.S.A. § 1213a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1213a
§ 1213a. Immobilization of vehicle
Status: in_force

(a) Immobilization. At the time of sentencing after a second or subsequent conviction under section 1201 of this title, the court may, upon the motion of the State, and in addition to any penalty imposed by law, order the motor vehicle operated by the defendant at the time of the offense seized and immobilized by a law enforcement agency designated by the court, as provided in this section and section 1213c of this title.

(b) Immobilization on owner's property. A motor vehicle subject to an immobilization order shall be immobilized, whenever possible, on property owned by the owner of the vehicle or on a parking space legally available to the owner of the vehicle. An immobilized vehicle is not exempt from enforcement of liens held by third parties.

(c) Immobilization on State or private property. If the owner of the motor vehicle does not own property or have a parking area on which the vehicle can be immobilized, the vehicle shall be impounded on property owned by the State or on private property. All costs of impoundment shall be paid by the defendant. The period of impoundment shall run as if the vehicle were immobilized.

(d) Expiration of immobilization order. An order of immobilization under this section shall expire in 18 months or when the defendant obtains a valid operator's license, whichever comes first.

(e) Release of vehicle. When an immobilization order expires, and when the costs provided for in this section have been paid in full by the defendant, the vehicle shall be released to its owner.

(f) Costs. All costs of towing and impoundment shall be paid by the defendant before the vehicle is released to its owner. If the defendant fails to pay the towing and impoundment costs within 30 days after the immobilization order expires, the State is authorized to sell the vehicle by public auction pursuant to the procedures in section 1213c of this subchapter. The proceeds from the sale of the vehicle shall be used first to offset the costs of towing, impounding, and releasing the vehicle. Any balance remaining, after any liens on the vehicle have been paid in full, shall be paid to the owner of the vehicle.

(g) Disbursement of proceeds. Proceeds from the defendant's payment of the release fee and towing and impoundment costs shall be disbursed to the law enforcement agencies that incurred the costs.

(h) Tampering. A person who tampers with an immobilization device or mobilizes a vehicle that is subject to an order of immobilization shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 1012 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1012
§ 1012. Obedience to enforcement officers
Status: in_force

(a) A person while operating or in charge of a motor vehicle shall, upon request by an enforcement officer who reasonably suspects that the person has committed or is committing a violation of this title, give his or her name and address and the name and address of the owner of the motor vehicle.

(b) The operator shall produce his or her operator's license and the registration certificate for the motor vehicle. If the operator does not have a valid Vermont operator's license or does not have the license on his or her person, the operator shall produce other suitable forms of identification. A person operating a motor vehicle shall promptly and carefully stop when signalled to stop by an enforcement officer wearing insignia that identifies the officer.

(c) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $1,250.00.

(d) A person who violates subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $250.00.
23 V.S.A. § 3006 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3006
§ 3006. Display of licenses and identification markers
Status: in_force

Distributors and dealers shall conspicuously display their licenses in their established place of business or location in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 303 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 303
§ 303. Application required
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner or the Commissioner's duly authorized agent shall register a motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer that is required or permitted to be registered in Vermont upon application on a form prescribed by the Commissioner that is filed with the Commissioner, showing the motor vehicle to be properly equipped and in good mechanical condition and accompanied by the required registration fee and evidence of the applicant's ownership of the vehicle in the form as the Commissioner may reasonably require. Except for State or municipal vehicles, registrants and titled owners shall be identical.

(b) An application for registration may be refused by the Commissioner if it is not accompanied by proof of payment of the use tax imposed by Section 4481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury or in another form acceptable to the Commissioner in the case of vehicles that are subject to the tax.
23 V.S.A. § 1051 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1051
§ 1051. Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks
Status: in_force

(a) If traffic-control signals are not in operation, the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way, slowing down or stopping if necessary, to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk.

(b) No pedestrian may suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle that is so close that it is impossible for a driver to yield.

(c) If any vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear may not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 1602 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1602
§ 1602. Traffic control
Status: in_force

The Commissioner and enforcement officers may control and direct motor vehicle traffic. They may arrest violators of the motor vehicle laws and the laws relative to lights on teams, on view without process, and take such persons before a court having jurisdiction of the offense. They may control and direct all vehicles in places of traffic congestion.
23 V.S.A. § 1136 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1136
§ 1136. Application of subchapter; rights and obligations of bicyclists under other laws
Status: in_force

(a) The parent of any child and the guardian of any ward may not authorize or knowingly permit any such child or ward to violate any of the provisions of this subchapter.

(b) This subchapter applies whenever a bicycle is operated upon any highway or upon any path set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles, subject to the exceptions stated in this subchapter.

(c) Every person riding a bicycle is granted all of the rights and is subject to all of the duties applicable to operators of vehicles, except as to those provisions that:

(1) are inconsistent with provisions that specifically address the rights and duties of vulnerable users generally or bicyclists specifically; or

(2) by their very nature can have no application.

(d)(1) Except as provided in this subsection, motor-assisted bicycles shall be governed as bicycles under Vermont law, and operators of motor-assisted bicycles shall be subject to all of the rights and duties applicable to bicyclists under Vermont law. Motor-assisted bicycles and their operators shall be exempt from motor vehicle registration and inspection and operator's license requirements. A person shall not operate a motor-assisted bicycle on a sidewalk in Vermont.

(2) A person under 16 years of age shall not operate a motor-assisted bicycle on a highway in Vermont.

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall interfere with the right of municipalities to regulate the operation and use of motor-assisted bicycles pursuant to 24 V.S.A. § 2291(1) and (4), as long as the ordinances do not conflict with this subsection.
23 V.S.A. § 1206 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1206
§ 1206. Suspension of license for driving while under influence; first conviction
Status: in_force

(a) First conviction—generally. Except as otherwise provided, upon conviction of an individual for violating a provision of section 1201 of this subchapter, or upon final determination of an appeal, the court shall immediately forward the conviction report to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The Commissioner shall immediately suspend the operator's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle, as applicable, for a period of 90 days and until the operator complies with section 1209a of this title.

(b) Extended suspension—fatality or serious bodily injury. In cases resulting in a fatality or serious bodily injury to a person other than the defendant, the period of suspension shall be one year and until the defendant complies with section 1209a of this title.

(c) Operation during suspension. During a suspension under this section, an eligible person may operate a motor vehicle under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued under section 1213 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 110 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 110
§ 110. Bad checks received for fees
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever any check issued in payment of any fee or for any other purpose is tendered to the Department of Motor Vehicles and payment is not honored by the bank on which the check is drawn, the Commissioner shall send a written notice of its nonpayment to the maker or person presenting the check and if the check is not immediately made good, the Commissioner shall suspend the license or registration of the person or persons. In no case shall the license or registration be reinstated until settlement has been made in full. Settlement in full shall also include the payment of any penalties assessed by the State Treasurer.

(b) The Commissioner may require payment for any transaction solely by certified check or in cash from persons whose licenses or registrations are under suspension pursuant to subsection (a) of this section or from persons who have repeatedly tendered checks to the Department that have not been honored by the bank on which drawn.

(c) Any refund otherwise due from the Department to a person whose license or registration has been suspended pursuant to this section may be offset against the amount due the Commissioner under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 3831 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3831
§ 3831. Report of theft; recovery of unclaimed vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle
Status: in_force

(a) An enforcement officer, sheriff, or constable who learns of the theft of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle not since recovered, or of the recovery of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle whose theft or conversion the enforcement officer, sheriff, or constable knows or has reason to believe has been reported to the Commissioner, shall immediately report the theft or recovery to the Commissioner.

(b) An owner or a lienholder may report the theft of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, or its conversion if a crime, to the Commissioner, but the Commissioner may disregard the report of a conversion unless a warrant has been issued for the arrest of an individual charged with the conversion. An individual who has reported the theft or conversion of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall, immediately after learning of its recovery, report the recovery to the Commissioner.

(c) An operator of a place of business for garaging, repairing, parking, or storing vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles for the public, in which a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle remains unclaimed for a period of 30 days, shall, within five days after the expiration of that period, report the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as unclaimed, to the Commissioner. A vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle left by its owner whose name and address are known to the operator or the operator's employee is not considered unclaimed. An individual who fails to report a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as unclaimed in accordance with this subsection forfeits all claims and liens for its garaging, parking, or storing and shall be fined not more than $25.00 for each day the individual's failure to report continues.