23 V.S.A. § 1453 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1453
§ 1453. Baled products
Status: in_force

(a)(1) An individual shall not operate a motor vehicle loaded with baled hay or straw or other baled products with any portion of the load extending beyond the front end of the vehicle bed; with the exception that a load extension is permitted beyond the front end of a truck bed, over the driver's compartment or sleeping berth, provided this portion of the load is supported by permanent and substantial steel frame construction. Loads of baled hay, straw, or other baled products shall be solidly packed while in transit.

(2) Such loads, unless supported by substantially constructed sideboards or rack type bodies, shall be fastened securely to the vehicle by not less than two longitudinal binders and by a cross binder for each tier of baled hay or straw or other baled products, such binders to be of sufficient strength to hold such load in place. Such loads may be transported without sideboards and the binders specified in this subdivision if fastened by any commercial binding device equal or superior to the provisions set forth in this section. Such commercial binding device shall be approved by the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to a farmer engaged in farming operations where such transportation requires that he or she use the public highways; provided, however, that the farmer loads and transports the loads in a reasonably safe manner.

(c) Any enforcement officer may stop and inspect vehicles in respect to compliance with the provisions of this section, and if it is found that the load is being transported in violation of this section, the enforcement officer may arrest without warrant and shall prohibit the operator of such vehicle from continuing en route until the load has been made to comply with this section.
23 V.S.A. § 3030 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3030
§ 3030. Tax liability as property lien; discharge and foreclosure
Status: in_force

(a) If any licensee required to pay the tax under this chapter neglects or refuses to pay the same after demand is made by the Commissioner, the amount, together with all penalties and interest provided for in this chapter and together with any additional costs that may accrue, shall be a lien in favor of the State upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such licensee. Such lien shall arise at the time demand is made by the Commissioner and shall continue until the liability for such sum with interest and costs is satisfied or becomes unenforceable. Such lien shall have the same force and effect as the lien provided for in 32 V.S.A. § 5895, and notice of such lien shall be recorded as provided for in 32 V.S.A. § 5895.

(b) Release and foreclosure of the lien shall be as provided in 32 V.S.A. § 5895(b) and (c).

(c) This section shall also apply to any officer or agent found personally liable pursuant to section 3029 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1393 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1393
§ 1393. Weight limits in cities; adoption by towns or incorporated villages of State limits; limits on class 1 town highways
Status: repealed

(a)(1) On all highways in a city, the legal load shall be as prescribed for the State Highway System in section 1392 of this title, unless otherwise restricted and posted by the local authorities as provided in this subchapter.

(2) With the approval of the Secretary of Transportation, the legislative body of a town or incorporated village may designate any highway under its jurisdiction to carry the same legal load as specified in section 1392 of this title for the State Highway System. When a certain highway has been so approved by the Secretary and the legislative body as to the legal load limit, then the Secretary shall have the highway posted for the legal load limit.

(3) Except as provided in subdivision 1392(1) of this title, State Highway System weight limits as specified in section 1392 of this title shall apply to class 1 town highways.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 102 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 102
§ 102. Duties of Commissioner
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner shall:

(1) register motor vehicles and dealers;

(2) license operators;

(3) file reports received concerning crashes involving motor vehicles;

(4) prepare full statistics from and preserve, properly filed and indexed, such registrations, operator licenses, and crash reports for three years after their dates;

(5) file and record reports received of convictions and adjudications of persons violating motor vehicle laws;

(6) keep a record of the suspension and revocation of licenses and registrations;

(7) prepare full statistics from and preserve, properly filed and indexed, such records of convictions, suspensions, and revocations for at least six years after their dates;

(8) issue certificates of title for motor vehicles;

(9) issue nondriver identification cards; and

(10) maintain commercial driver records and driver identification data in accordance with the provisions of 49 C.F.R § 384.231(d).

(b) The records enumerated in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed official records.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d)(1) The Commissioner may authorize background investigations for potential employees, which may include criminal, traffic, and financial records checks; provided, however, that the potential employee is notified and has the right to withdraw their name from application. Additionally, employees who are involved in the manufacturing or production of operator's licenses and identification cards, including enhanced licenses, or who have the ability to affect the identity information that appears on a license or identification card, or current employees who will be assigned to such positions, shall be subject to appropriate background checks and shall be provided notice of the background check and the contents of that check. These background checks shall include a name-based and fingerprint-based criminal history records check using at a minimum the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Crime Information Center and the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification database and State repository records on each covered employee.

(2) Employees may be subject to further appropriate security clearances if required by federal law, including background investigations that may include criminal and traffic records checks and providing proof of U.S. citizenship.

(3) The Commissioner may, in connection with a formal disciplinary investigation, authorize a criminal or traffic record background investigation of a current employee; provided, however, that the background review is relevant to the issue under disciplinary investigation. Information acquired through the investigation shall be provided to the Commissioner or designated division director and must be maintained in a secure manner. If the information acquired is used as a basis for any disciplinary action, it must be given to the employee during any pretermination hearing or contractual grievance hearing to allow the employee an opportunity to respond to or dispute the information. If no disciplinary action is taken against the employee, the information acquired through the background check shall be destroyed.

(e) As used in this section, “conviction” has the same meaning as in subdivision 4(60) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3516 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3516
§ 3516. Training fee
Status: in_force

(a) A person or organization conducting an approved all-terrain vehicle safety education course may charge a reasonable fee to persons completing the course, as appropriate and necessary to defray the expenses of providing the course.

(b) The Commissioner of Public Safety shall review and approve the maximum fee to be charged for any approved course prior to any fee being charged.

(c) A fee shall not be charged any person who is entitled to free training pursuant to the provisions of the consent decree, dated April 28, 1988, entered into by all-terrain vehicle manufacturers and the U.S. government.
23 V.S.A. § 732 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 732
§ 732. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter:

(1) “Chief instructor” means a licensed motorcycle operator who meets the standards established by the Department to qualify to train and oversee instructors for the motorcycle rider education program.

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(3) “Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(4) “Motorcycle rider training program” means the Motorcycle Training and Information Disbursement Plan created in section 733 of this title.

(5) “Program coordinator” means the person designated by the Commissioner to plan, organize, and administer the motorcycle rider training program as provided in subsection 733(b) of this title.

(6) “Rider training course” means a motorcycle rider education curriculum and delivery system approved by the Department as meeting standards designed to develop and instill the knowledge, attitudes, habits, and skills necessary for the safe operation of a motorcycle.

(7) “Training specialist” means the person designated by the Commissioner to fulfill the obligations stated in subsection 733(c) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 2087 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2087
§ 2087. Construction with other laws
Status: in_force

The penal provisions of this subchapter in no way repeal or modify any existing provision of criminal law but are additional and supplementary.
23 V.S.A. § 601 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 601
§ 601. License required
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided by law, a resident shall not operate a motor vehicle on a highway in Vermont unless the resident holds a valid license issued by the State. A new resident who has moved to Vermont from another jurisdiction and who holds a valid license to operate motor vehicles under section 208 of this title shall procure a Vermont license within 60 days after moving to Vermont. Except as provided in subsection 603(d) of this title, licenses shall not be issued to nonresidents.

(2) In addition to any other requirement of law, a nonresident as defined in section 4 of this title shall not operate a motor vehicle on a Vermont highway unless:

(A) he or she holds a valid license or permit to operate a motor vehicle issued by another U.S. jurisdiction; or

(B) he or she holds a valid license or permit to operate a motor vehicle from a jurisdiction outside the United States and:

(i) is at least 18 years of age, is lawfully present in the United States, and has been in the United States for not more than one year; and

(ii) he or she possesses an international driving permit.

(b) All operator's licenses issued under this chapter shall expire, unless earlier cancelled, at midnight on the eve of the second or fourth anniversary of the date of birth of the license holder following the date of issue. Renewed licenses shall expire at midnight on the eve of the second or fourth anniversary of the date of birth of the license holder following the date the renewed license expired. All junior operator's licenses shall expire, unless earlier cancelled, at midnight on the eve of the second anniversary of the date of birth of the license holder following the date of issue. A person born on February 29 shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered as born on March 1.

(c) At least 30 days before a license is scheduled to expire, the Commissioner shall mail first class to the licensee or send the licensee electronically an application for renewal of the license; a cardholder shall be sent the renewal notice by mail unless the cardholder opts in to receive electronic notification. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle unless properly licensed.

(d) The Commissioner may, in his or her discretion, determine that certain types of motor vehicles require that an operator possess specialized skill or knowledge to operate those vehicles so that the public safety may not be endangered. If the Commissioner so determines, he or she may prescribe different classes of licenses for the operation of particular types of vehicles. The Commissioner is authorized to make rules prescribing forms and procedures for applications, license classifications, restrictions, endorsements, examinations, driver training requirements, and disqualifications consistent with this title as necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(e) A motor-driven cycle may be operated only by a licensed driver at least 16 years of age.

(f) Operators of autocycles shall be exempt from the requirements to obtain a motorcycle learner's permit or a motorcycle endorsement. The Commissioner shall offer operators of three-wheeled motorcycles that are not autocycles the opportunity to obtain a motorcycle endorsement that authorizes the operation of three-wheeled motorcycles only.

(g) A person who violates this section commits a traffic violation, except that a person who violates this section after a previous conviction under this section within the prior two years shall be subject to imprisonment for not more than 60 days or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both. An unsworn printout of the person's Vermont motor vehicle conviction history may be admitted into evidence to prove a prior conviction under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 475 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 475
§ 475. Administrative penalties
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may impose an administrative penalty of not more than $500.00 for each violation against a dealer or a transporter who violates the provisions of this subchapter.

(b) Each violation is a separate and distinct offense, and, in the case of a continuing violation, each day's continuance may be deemed a separate and distinct offense. In no event shall the maximum amount imposed for a continuing offense exceed $1,000.00.

(c) The Commissioner shall adopt rules establishing a schedule of administrative penalties to be imposed under this section. Penalties shall be based on the severity and frequency of the violation.

(d) The alleged violator shall be given notice and opportunity for a hearing. Service of the notice shall be sufficient if sent by first-class mail to the address stated on the dealer's certificate of registration. The notice shall include the following:

(1) a factual description of the alleged violation;

(2) a reference to the particular statute allegedly violated;

(3) the amount of the proposed administrative penalty; and

(4) a warning that the person will be deemed to have waived his or her right to a hearing, that the penalty will be imposed if no hearing is requested within 15 days from date of notice, and that failure to pay a penalty may result in suspension of his or her license.

(e) A person who receives notice under subsection (d) of this section shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing unless, within 15 days from the date of the notice, the person requests a hearing in writing. If the person waives the right to a hearing, the Commissioner shall issue a final order finding the person in default and imposing the penalty.

(f) The provisions of sections 105, 106, and 107 of this title shall apply to hearings conducted under this section.

(g) The Commissioner may collect an unpaid administrative penalty by filing a civil action in Superior Court or through any other means available to State agencies.

(h) If a penalty is not paid within 60 days after it is imposed, the Commissioner may suspend any license, certificate, registration, or permit issued under this subchapter.

(i) The remedies authorized by this section shall be in addition to any other civil or criminal remedies provided by law for violation of this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 2 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 2
§ 2. Application to trailers, semi-trailers, and trailer coaches
Status: in_force

(a) The provisions of this title in relation to registration, certificates of registration, refund of registration fees, duplicates of certificates of registration and number plates, and times of registration and transfers of registration and the duration thereof, for motor vehicles shall apply also to trailers and semi-trailers.

(b) The provisions of this title applicable to motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers shall be applicable to trailer coaches unless otherwise specifically provided or clearly inapplicable.
23 V.S.A. § 3007 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3007
§ 3007. Diesel fuel user's license
Status: repealed

(a) In addition to any other provision of law relating to registration of motor vehicles, or fees paid for the registration of motor vehicles, a person owning or operating upon the highways of the State a motor truck that is registered in the State and uses fuel as defined in section 3002 of this title shall, for each motor truck to be so operated, apply to the Commissioner for a diesel fuel user's license, which shall be renewed at the time of renewal of the truck's registration. Application shall be made upon a form prescribed by the Commissioner and shall set forth the information as the Commissioner may require. Applications filed at the time of the initial registration or renewal of a registration shall be accompanied by a $6.50 annual license fee for each motor truck listed in the application, except that no fee shall be required for motor trucks with a gross weight of less than 26,001 pounds.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) This section shall not apply to users' vehicles exempt from reporting requirements under section 3014 of this title or to users' vehicles exempt from taxation under subdivision 3003(d)(1)(C) of this title or to users' vehicles that are being operated under the provisions of section 463 or 516 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 2153 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2153
§ 2153. Abandoned motor vehicle certification
Status: in_force

(a) A landowner on whose property an abandoned motor vehicle was discovered or has been relocated to shall apply to the Department for an abandoned motor vehicle certification on forms supplied by the Department within 90 days after the date the vehicle was discovered or relocated. An abandoned motor vehicle certification form shall indicate the date that the abandoned motor vehicle was discovered or relocated; the make, color, model, and location of the vehicle; the name, address, and telephone number of the landowner of the property where the vehicle is currently located; and a certification of the public vehicle identification number, if any, prepared by a law enforcement officer, licensed dealer, or inspection station designated by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. This subsection shall not be construed as creating a private right of action against the landowner of the property where an abandoned motor vehicle is located.

(b) Upon receipt of an abandoned motor vehicle certification form, the Commissioner shall attempt to identify and notify the owner of the vehicle as required by section 2154 of this title. If no owner can be determined by the Commissioner within the time period allowed by section 2154 of this title, the Commissioner shall issue a certificate of abandoned motor vehicle with appropriate title or salvage title, or both, and the vehicle may be disposed of in the manner set forth in section 2156 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1436 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1436
§ 1436. Statewide Municipal Commercial Motor Vehicle Enforcement Fund
Status: in_force

A Statewide Municipal Commercial Motor Vehicle Enforcement Fund is created for the purpose of supporting commercial motor vehicle law enforcement initiatives in the State. The Fund shall be administered by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Municipalities may apply to the Commissioner on forms supplied by the Department of Motor Vehicles. Funds distributed to municipalities, which shall not exceed $12,000.00 annually per municipality under this section, shall be used for training of municipal law enforcement officers for commercial motor vehicle enforcement, temporary replacement officers for those municipal law enforcement officers receiving commercial motor vehicle enforcement training, and other municipal commercial motor vehicle enforcement uses as determined by the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall ensure that the activities of the commercial motor vehicle law enforcement initiative are consistent with those of the enforcement plan produced pursuant to section 1435 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1016 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1016
§ 1016. Reports of arrests
Status: in_force

Law enforcement officers who make arrests or issue citations for violations of this title shall forward a written report on forms prescribed and furnished by the Commissioners of Motor Vehicles and of Public Safety and approved by the Attorney General with respect to any matter affecting the substantive rights of any person to the Department of Motor Vehicles within 30 days after the arrest is made or the citation is issued.
23 V.S.A. § 1751 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1751
§ 1751. Referendum
Status: in_force

Sections 1741-1750 and 1752 of this title shall take effect when they have been adopted by a majority of the voters of the town, present and voting at any regular or special meeting warned for that purpose.
23 V.S.A. § 112 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 112
§ 112. Motor vehicle law book
Status: in_force

The pamphlet of the motor vehicle laws of the State, issued by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, may be furnished to interested parties for a fee of $30.00. The fee for any supplement shall be $15.00. This pamphlet shall be made available to all State law enforcement officers, upon request, at no charge.
23 V.S.A. § 302 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 302
§ 302. Period of registration
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, every motor vehicle shall be registered for a period of 12 months from date of issue. Registrations made pursuant to subsections 305(b), 371(b), 376(b), and 376(c) of this title shall expire and the certificate thereof shall become void five years after the date of issue.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this title, if registered owners so elect, all their registrations may be issued to expire on the same date and the registration fee shall be pro-rated for the amount in excess of the annual 12 months' fee but not to exceed 24 months.
23 V.S.A. § 3803 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3803
§ 3803. Power and duties of Commissioner
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall prescribe and provide suitable forms of applications, certificates of title, notices of security interests, and all other notices and forms necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) The Commissioner may:

(1) make necessary investigations to procure information required to carry out the provisions of this chapter;

(2) adopt and enforce reasonable rules to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 1203b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1203b
§ 1203b. Duty to report blood test results
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any law or court rule to the contrary, if a health care provider who is providing health services to a person in the emergency room of a health care facility as a result of a motor vehicle crash becomes aware as a result of any blood test performed in the health care facility that the person's blood alcohol level meets or exceeds the level prohibited by law, the health care provider shall report that fact, as soon as is reasonably possible, to a law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the location where the crash occurred.

(b) Any person who in good faith reports the results of a blood test pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be immune from any civil or criminal liability that might otherwise be incurred or imposed as a result of making a report.

(c) Any person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $500.00.

(d) A report made under this section, the fact that a report was made, and the results of the blood test that required the report shall not be admissible in any criminal case without the consent of the person whose blood was tested.

(e) A report made under the provisions of this section shall not be considered a waiver of the patient's privilege.

(f) As used in this section:

(1) “Health care facility” shall be defined as provided in 18 V.S.A. § 9432(8).

(2) “Health care provider” shall be defined as provided in 18 V.S.A. § 9432(9).

(3) “Health services” shall be defined as provided in 18 V.S.A. § 9432(10).

(g) Health care facilities have a responsibility to ensure that all health care providers who work in the health care facility and may provide health care to a person injured as a result of a motor vehicle crash are aware of their responsibilities under this section. Every health care facility that provides health care to persons injured as a result of motor vehicle crashes shall:

(1) adopt a policy that implements this section;

(2) provide a copy of the policy to all health care providers who work in the health care facility who may provide health care to a person as a result of a motor vehicle crash; and

(3) conduct an educational and training program within one month of employment for all health care providers who work at the health care facility who may provide health care to an individual as a result of a motor vehicle crash.
23 V.S.A. § 378 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 378
§ 378. Veterans' exemptions
Status: in_force

No fees, including the annual emissions fee required pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 2822(m)(1) and the electric vehicle infrastructure fees required pursuant to section 361 of this subchapter, shall be charged to a veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces who received a discharge under other than dishonorable conditions and is a resident of the State of Vermont for the registration of a motor vehicle that the veteran has acquired with financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or for the registration of a motor vehicle owned by the veteran during the veteran's lifetime obtained as a replacement thereof, when the veteran's application is accompanied by a copy of an approved VA Form 21-4502 issued by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs certifying the veteran to be entitled to the financial assistance.
23 V.S.A. § 1244 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1244
§ 1244. Illumination required
Status: in_force

The light from the front lamps of a motor vehicle other than a motorcycle, while such vehicle is in motion, shall render any substantial object on the ground clearly visible at least 150 feet ahead of such vehicle and, while such vehicle is at rest, shall be visible for at least 200 feet in the direction in which such vehicle is headed.
23 V.S.A. § 4111 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4111
§ 4111. Commercial driver's license
Status: repealed

(a) Contents of license. A commercial driver's license shall be marked “commercial driver's license” or “CDL” and shall be, to the maximum extent practicable, tamper proof and shall include the following information:

(1) The name and residential address of the individual.

(2) The individual's color photograph or imaged likeness. An individual issued a license under this subsection may renew the license not earlier than six months prior to its expiration date. In such case, the prior license document shall be surrendered. The renewed license shall be effective from the date of issuance to the end of the period for which it is renewed.

(3) A physical description of the individual, including sex, height, and weight.

(4) Date of birth.

(5) Any number or identifier deemed appropriate by the Commissioner.

(6) The individual's signature.

(7) The class or type of commercial motor vehicle or vehicles that the individual is authorized to drive together with any endorsements or restrictions.

(8) The name of this State.

(9) The dates between which the license is valid.

(10) [Repealed.]

(11) An indicator that a licensee has executed a document that serves as an anatomical gift pursuant to section 618a of this title.

(12) A veteran designation if a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2) and including an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(24), requests the designation and provides proof of veteran status as specified in subdivision 4110(a)(5) of this title, and if the Office of Veterans' Affairs confirms the individual's status as an honorably discharged veteran; a veteran discharged under honorable conditions; or an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service.

(b) Classifications, endorsements, and restrictions. Driver's licenses may be issued with the following classifications, endorsements, and restrictions:

(1) Licensees may drive all vehicles in the class for which the license is issued and all lesser classes of vehicles, except those requiring special endorsements.

(A) Class A—Any combination of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the gross vehicle weight rating of the vehicle being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds.

(B) Class B—Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, and any such vehicle towing a vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds.

(C) Class C—Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds or any such vehicle towing a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating not in excess of 10,000 pounds comprising:

(i) vehicles designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver; and

(ii) vehicles used in the transportation of hazardous materials that requires the vehicle to be placarded under 49 C.F.R., part 172, subpart F.

(D) Class D—Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds or any such vehicle towing a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating not in excess of 10,000 pounds, except vehicles included in Class C or vehicles that require a special endorsement unless the proper endorsement appears on the license. Class D licenses shall not be commercial driver's licenses.

(2) Licenses may be issued with appropriate endorsements and restrictions noted thereon. The Commissioner shall determine the manner of notation.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) Notification. Within 10 days after issuing a commercial driver's license, the Commissioner shall notify the Commercial Driver's License Information System of that fact, providing all information required to ensure identification of the individual.

(e) Expiration. The commercial driver's license shall expire in the same manner as set by section 601 of this title.

(f) Renewal. When applying for renewal of a commercial driver's license, the applicant shall complete the application form required by section 4110 of this title, providing updated information and required certifications. If the applicant wishes to retain a hazardous materials endorsement, the written test for a hazardous materials endorsement must be taken and passed. In addition, the applicant must successfully complete the security threat assessment required by 49 C.F.R. Part 1572. Within 15 days after an adverse initial or final determination of threat assessment being served by the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, the applicant's hazardous materials endorsement shall be revoked or denied.
23 V.S.A. § 1011 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1011
§ 1011. Applicability of this chapter
Status: in_force

(a) The provisions of this chapter relating to the operation of motor vehicles apply to operation upon public highways only, except where a different place is specifically referred to.

(b) On-duty enforcement officers are exempt from the speed limits established in accordance with sections 1003 and 1007 of this title and fixed by section 1081 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 2041 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2041
§ 2041. Certain liens and security interests not affected
Status: in_force

This chapter does not apply to or affect:

(1) a lien given by statute or rule of law to a supplier of services or materials for the vehicle;

(2) a lien given by statute to the United States, this State, or any political subdivision of this State;

(3) a security interest in a vehicle created by a manufacturer or dealer who holds the vehicle for sale, but a buyer in the ordinary course of trade from the manufacturer or dealer takes free of the security interest.
23 V.S.A. § 721 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 721
§ 721. Authority to require driver retraining
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, either in his or her discretionary authority under this chapter or upon the recommendation of a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction, may require a motor vehicle operator to attend at his or her own expense a driver retraining course as defined and established by the Department of Motor Vehicles under section 723 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 207 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 207
§ 207. Refund of money erroneously paid
Status: in_force

Upon application of the Commissioner, the Commissioner of Finance and Management shall issue a warrant in favor of any person equitably entitled to a refund of money erroneously paid into the State Treasury for a license or permit to operate a motor vehicle or for the registration of a motor vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle. A refund shall not be allowed except as provided in this section and sections 325-327 of this title, and shall be paid from the fees remitted to the State Treasury by the Department.
23 V.S.A. § 1222a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1222a
§ 1222a. Emissions of diesel-powered commercial vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Except for voluntary exhaust-smoke emission testing, a vehicle may be stopped and an inspection performed under this section only if a law enforcement officer observes an apparent violation of the exhaust-smoke emission standard. If the equipment for smoke testing is not available, a law enforcement officer may require the operator or the owner to submit the vehicle for an emission test at a reasonably convenient time and place. Failure to submit to the test shall be conclusive evidence of the vehicle's noncompliance with the exhaust-smoke emission standard. Any test administered under this section and any notice of violation issued shall be done by a sworn law enforcement officer trained and certified by the Department of Motor Vehicles. For purposes of this section:

(1) “Commercial motor vehicle” is defined under subdivision 4103(4) of this title.

(2) “Law enforcement officer” means an officer of the Department of Motor Vehicles trained and certified by the Department of Motor Vehicles to conduct exhaust-smoke emission inspections.

(b) No diesel-powered commercial motor vehicle shall be operated on the highways of this State unless the vehicle complies with the exhaust-smoke emission standard and the rules adopted by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Any person who owns or operates such a vehicle while it is operated in violation of the provisions of this section or the rules adopted by the Commissioner shall be fined:

(1) $200.00 for a first violation per vehicle, except that a person shall not be fined if, within 45 days from the date of the emission inspection, the defect is repaired and notification of the repair is provided to the Department of Motor Vehicles or the vehicle is taken out of service;

(2) $200.00 for a second violation by the same vehicle within a two-year period if the first violation was repaired within 45 days from the date of the emission inspection, except that a person shall not be fined if the second violation occurs within 60 days from the date of repair of the first violation. For purposes of this subdivision, the “date of repair” shall be the date indicated in the notification of repair submitted to the Department of Motor Vehicles under subdivision (b)(1) of this subsection;

(3) $400.00 for a second violation by the same vehicle within a two-year period if the first violation was not repaired within 45 days from the date of the emission inspection;

(4) $400.00 for a third or subsequent violation committed by the same vehicle within a two-year period if the first violation was repaired within 45 days from the date of the emission inspection; and

(5) $800.00 for a third or subsequent violation committed by the same vehicle within a two-year period if the first violation was not repaired within 45 days from the date of the emission inspection.

(c) The Commissioner shall establish by rule a process by which the owner of a vehicle that has been taken out of service under this section and that is currently in violation of the exhaust-smoke emission standard shall, prior to sale or transfer of the vehicle, notify the purchaser or transferee that the vehicle does not comply with the exhaust-smoke emission standard.

(d) All fines generated from the violation of this section shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 3702 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3702
§ 3702. Trip permit
Status: in_force

Any vehicle registered in a jurisdiction other than Vermont that is eligible for apportioned registration under the International Registration Plan that is not apportioned with Vermont must obtain a trip permit prior to entering this State. The fee for the permit shall be $15.00. The permits shall be valid for a period of 72 hours and shall allow both interstate and intrastate operation. Trip permits must be kept with the vehicle while being operated.
23 V.S.A. § 4114 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4114
§ 4114. Agreements
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may enter into or make agreements, arrangements, or declarations to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 3514 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3514
§ 3514. Administration of chapter; rules
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall administer this chapter and shall adopt rules and prescribe forms and procedures for application and registration, consistent with this chapter as necessary to carry its provisions into effect.
23 V.S.A. § 4110 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4110
§ 4110. Application for commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit
Status: repealed

(a) The application for a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit shall include the following:

(1) The full name and current mailing and residential address of the applicant.

(2) A physical description of the applicant, including sex, height, and weight.

(3) The applicant's date of birth and proof of age.

(4) The applicant's Social Security number, unless the application is for a nondomiciled commercial driver's license or a nondomiciled commercial learner's permit. The Commissioner must verify the name, date of birth, and Social Security number provided by the applicant with the information on file with the Social Security Administration. A commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license may not be issued, renewed, or upgraded if data in the Social Security Administration database does not match the data provided by the applicant.

(5) The applicant's signature, as well as a space for the applicant to request that a “veteran” designation be placed on a commercial driver's license. An applicant who requests a veteran designation shall provide a Department of Defense Form 214 or other proof of veteran status specified by the Commissioner.

(6) Certifications that:

(A) One of the following categories applies to the applicant:

(i) Non-excepted interstate. He or she operates or expects to operate in interstate commerce, is both subject to and meets the qualification requirements of 49 C.F.R. Part 391, and is required to obtain a medical examiner's certificate under 49 C.F.R. § 391.45.

(ii) Excepted interstate. He or she operates or expects to operate in interstate commerce, but engages exclusively in transportation or operations excepted under 49 C.F.R. § 390.3(f), 391.2, 391.68, or 398.3 from all or parts of the qualification requirements of 49 C.F.R. Part 391 and therefore is not required to obtain a medical examiner's certificate by 49 C.F.R. § 391.45.

(iii) Non-excepted intrastate. He or she operates only in intrastate commerce and therefore is subject to state driver qualification requirements.

(iv) Excepted intrastate. He or she operates only in intrastate commerce, but engages exclusively in transportation or operations excepted from all or parts of the State's driver qualification requirements.

(B) The motor vehicle in which the applicant's skills test will be taken is representative of the type of motor vehicle that the applicant operates or expects to operate.

(C) The applicant is not subject to any disqualification under 49 C.F.R. § 383.51, or any license suspension, revocation, or cancellation under the law of any jurisdiction.

(D) The applicant does not have a driver's license from more than one state or jurisdiction.

(E) For initial applicants only, the applicant has not been convicted of an offense listed in subsection 4116(a) of this title or a comparable offense in any jurisdiction, or an offense listed in 49 U.S.C. § 30304(a)(3) in any jurisdiction within three years of the license application.

(7) Any other information required by the Commissioner, including the names of all states where the applicant has been licensed to operate any type of motor vehicle during the previous 10 years.

(8)(A) The four-year fee for a commercial driver's license shall be $108.00. The two-year fee shall be $72.00. In those instances where the applicant surrenders a valid Vermont Class D license, the total fees due shall be reduced by:

(i) one-quarter of the four-year fee established by section 601 of this title for each remaining full year of validity; or

(ii) one-half of the two-year fee paid for each remaining full year of validity.

(B) The fee for a commercial learner's permit is $18.00.

(9) Proof of citizenship or lawful permanent residency as specified in Table 1 of 49 C.F.R. § 383.71.

(10) Proof of compliance with the Transportation Security Administration requirements codified in 49 C.F.R. Part 1572 if the applicant is applying for a hazardous materials endorsement. A lawful permanent resident of the United States requesting a hazardous materials endorsement must additionally provide his or her U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services alien registration number.

(11) For an applicant who certifies that he or she will operate commercial motor vehicles in non-excepted interstate commerce, an original or a copy of a certificate prepared by a medical examiner. Certification status or “certified” will be posted in the Commercial Driver's License Information System driver record for the driver.

(b) When a licensee or permittee changes the licensee's or permittee's name, mailing address, or residence or in the case of the loss, mutilation, or destruction of a license or permit, the licensee or permittee shall immediately notify the Commissioner and apply in person for a duplicate license or permit in the same manner as set forth in subsection (a) of this section. The fee for a duplicate license or permit shall be $18.00.

(c) An individual for whom Vermont has been his or her state of domicile for more than 30 days shall not drive a commercial motor vehicle under the authority of a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit issued by another jurisdiction.

(d) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 313 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 313
§ 313. Commercial vehicle operation; denial of registration
Status: in_force

The Commissioner is authorized to refuse registration if a commercial motor vehicle is being operated by a commercial motor carrier that has been prohibited from operating in interstate commerce by an agency with authority to do so under federal law.
23 V.S.A. § 3808 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3808
§ 3808. Application for certificate
Status: repealed

(a) The application for the first certificate of title of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle in this State shall be made by the owner to the Commissioner on the form the Commissioner prescribes and shall contain:

(1) the name, residence, and mail address of the owner;

(2) a description of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, including information required by subsection 3806(c) of this title if these data exist, and an indication whether the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is new or used;

(3) the date of purchase by the applicant; the name and address of the person from whom the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle was acquired; the names and addresses of any lienholders in the order of their priority and the dates of their security agreements; and, if a new vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the manufacturer's or importer's certificate of origin; and

(4) any further information the Commissioner reasonably requires to identify the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and to enable him or her to determine whether the owner is entitled to a certificate of title and to determine the existence or nonexistence of security interests in the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(5) [Repealed.]

(b) If the application refers to a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle purchased from a dealer, it shall contain the name and address of any lienholder holding a security interest created or reserved at the time of the sale and the date of his or her security agreement and be signed by the dealer as well as the owner, and the dealer shall promptly mail or deliver the application to the Commissioner.

(c) If the application refers to a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle last previously registered in another state or country, the application shall contain or be accompanied by:

(1) any certificate of title issued by the other state or country; and

(2) any other information and documents the Commissioner reasonably requires to establish the ownership of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and the existence or nonexistence of security interests in it.
23 V.S.A. § 1005 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1005
§ 1005. Regulation of parking
Status: in_force

The Traffic Committee may place signs prohibiting or restricting the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on any highway under its jurisdiction where, in its opinion, stopping, standing, or parking is dangerous to those using the highway or would unduly interfere with the free movement of traffic. The signs shall be official signs, and no individual may stop, stand, or park any vehicle in violation of the restrictions stated on such signs.
23 V.S.A. § 105 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 105
§ 105. Hearing before Commissioner
Status: in_force

(a) In the administration of the laws relating to motor vehicles and to the operators and the operation of motor vehicles, the Commissioner may conduct hearings, subpoena witnesses, administer oaths, and take testimony. He or she may also cause depositions to be taken and order the production of books, papers, and records relating to the matter under investigation. The fees for travel and attendance of witnesses and fees for officers shall be the same as for witnesses and officers before a court and shall be paid by the State upon presentation of proper bills of cost to the Commissioner of Finance and Management. The fees of witnesses summoned or used by the petitioner shall be paid by him or her. The Commissioner may appoint a hearing examiner to conduct hearings. At all hearings, conducted by either the Commissioner or a hearing examiner, an oath shall be administered.

(b) A person aggrieved by the decision of a hearing under subsection (a) of this section may have such decision reviewed by the Superior Court pursuant to Rule 74 of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure unless otherwise specifically provided by law.

(c) If a presuspension or prerevocation hearing is available by law, the written notice of suspension or revocation shall so state. Unless otherwise specifically provided by statute, a written request for a hearing must be received at the Department of Motor Vehicles within 15 days after the date of the notice or the right to a hearing is deemed to be waived.
23 V.S.A. § 702 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 702
§ 702. Training school and instructor's licenses
Status: in_force

A person shall not operate a driver training school or act as an instructor unless the person has secured a license from the Commissioner. Applications for such licenses may be filed with the Commissioner and shall contain the information and shall be on the forms the Commissioner may prescribe. Each application for a driver's training school license shall be accompanied by an application fee of $180.00, which shall not be refunded. If the application is approved by the Commissioner, the applicant upon payment of an additional fee of $270.00 shall be granted a license, which shall become void two years after the first day of the month of issue unless sooner revoked as provided in this subchapter. The renewal fee shall be $270.00. Each application for an instructor's license shall be accompanied by an application fee of $126.00, which shall not be refunded. If the application is approved by the Commissioner, the applicant upon payment of an additional fee of $90.00 shall be granted a license, which shall become void two years after the first day of the month of issue unless sooner revoked as provided in this subchapter. The renewal fee shall be $90.00.
23 V.S.A. § 4201 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 41 / Section 4201
§ 4201. Short title
Status: in_force

This chapter may be cited as the Automated Vehicle Testing Act.
23 V.S.A. § 1130 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1130
§ 1130. Permitting unlicensed or impaired person to operate
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall employ another person as an operator of a motor vehicle knowing that the other person is not licensed as provided in this title.

(b) No person shall permit a motor vehicle owned by him or her or under his or her control to be operated by another person if the person who owns or controls the vehicle knows that the other person has no legal right to operate the vehicle.

(c)(1) No person who owns or is in control of a vehicle shall intentionally create a direct and immediate opportunity for another person to operate the motor vehicle if the person who owns or controls the vehicle has actual knowledge that the operator is:

(A) under the influence of alcohol; or

(B) under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug to a degree that renders the person incapable of driving safely.

(2) This subsection shall not apply if the defendant was placed under duress or subjected to coercion by the other person at the time the defendant enabled the other person to operate the motor vehicle.

(d)(1) A person who violates subsection (c) of this section shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than six months, or both.

(2) If death or if serious bodily injury as defined in 13 V.S.A. § 1021(2) results to any person other than the operator from a violation of subsection (c) of this section, the person convicted of the violation shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. The provisions of this subdivision do not limit or restrict prosecutions for manslaughter.
23 V.S.A. § 1258 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1258
§ 1258. Child restraint systems; individuals under 18 years of age
Status: in_force

(a) No individual shall operate a motor vehicle, other than a type I school bus, in this State upon a public highway unless every occupant under 18 years of age is properly restrained in a federally approved child restraint system as defined in 49 C.F.R. § 571.213, as may be amended, or a federally approved safety belt, as follows:

(1) a child under two years of age shall be properly secured in a federally approved rear-facing child restraint system with a harness, as those terms are defined in 49 C.F.R. § 571.213, as may be amended;

(2) a child under five years of age who is not properly secured in a federally approved rear-facing child restraint system in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be properly secured in a forward-facing federally approved child restraint system with a harness until the child reaches the weight or height limit of the child restraint system as set by the manufacturer;

(3) a child under eight years of age who is not properly secured in a federally approved child restraint system in accordance with subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection shall be properly secured in a booster seat, as defined in 49 C.F.R. § 571.213, as may be amended;

(4) a child under 18 years of age who is not properly secured in a federally approved child restraint system in accordance with subdivision (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection shall be restrained in a safety belt system

(5) a child under 13 years of age shall always, if practical, ride in a rear seat of a motor vehicle; and

(6) no child shall be secured in a rear-facing child restraint system in the front seat of a motor vehicle that is equipped with an active passenger-side airbag unless the airbag is deactivated.

(b) An individual shall not be adjudicated in violation of this section if:

(1) the motor vehicle is regularly used to transport passengers for hire, except a motor vehicle owned or operated by a child care facility;

(2) the motor vehicle was manufactured without safety belts; or

(3) the individual has been ordered by an enforcement officer, a firefighter, or an authorized civil authority to evacuate individuals from a stricken area.

(c) The civil penalty for violation of this section shall be as follows:

(1) $25.00 for a first violation;

(2) $50.00 for a second violation; and

(3) $100.00 for third and subsequent violations.
23 V.S.A. § 1281a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1281a
§ 1281a. Optional equipment
Status: in_force

In addition to equipment required under section 1283 of this title, any school bus as described in subdivision 4(34) of this title may be equipped with a stop arm sign with flashing red lights, of a type approved by the Commissioner, securely mounted below the left front window on the vehicle in an area approved by the Commissioner and must be visible to the driver when extended. Such sign shall not be activated unless the vehicle has stopped on the highway for the purpose of receiving or discharging public or private schoolchildren. At no time shall the sign be extended when the vehicle is in motion.
23 V.S.A. § 806 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 806
§ 806. Additional evidence
Status: in_force

Additional evidence of financial responsibility shall be furnished to the Commissioner, at any time, upon the Commissioner's request.
23 V.S.A. § 327 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 327
§ 327. Refund when plates not used
Status: in_force

Subject to the conditions set forth in subdivisions (1)–(4) of this section, the Commissioner may cancel the registration of a motor vehicle, snowmobile, or motorboat when the owner returns to the Commissioner either the number plates, if any, or the registration certificate. Upon cancellation of the registration, the Commissioner shall notify the Commissioner of Finance and Management, who shall issue a refund as follows:

(1) For registrations canceled prior to the beginning of the registration period, the refund is the full amount of the fee paid, less a charge of $5.00.

(2) For registrations canceled within 30 days after the date of issue, the refund is the full amount of the fee paid, less a charge of $5.00. The owner of a motor vehicle must prove to the Commissioner's satisfaction that the number plates have not been used or attached to a motor vehicle.

(3) For registrations canceled prior to the beginning of the second year of a two-year registration period, the refund is one-half of the full amount of the two-year fee paid, less a charge of $5.00.

(4) For registrations canceled prior to conclusion of a five-year registration period, the refund is as follows:

(A) four-fifths of the full amount of the five-year fee paid less a charge of $5.00 if canceled prior to the beginning of the second year;

(B) three-fifths of the full amount of the five-year fee paid less a charge of $5.00 if canceled prior to the beginning of the third year;

(C) two-fifths of the full amount of the five-year fee paid less a charge of $5.00 if canceled prior to the beginning of the fourth year; and

(D) one-fifth of the full amount of the five-year fee paid less a charge of $5.00 if canceled prior to the beginning of the fifth year.
23 V.S.A. § 1064 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1064
§ 1064. Signals required; general obligation to turn and move safely
Status: in_force

(a) Before changing direction or materially slackening speed, a driver shall give warning of his or her intention with the hand signals as provided in section 1065 of this title, or with a mechanical or lighting device approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. A bicyclist shall give such hand signals unless he or she cannot do so safely.

(b) A person shall not turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position upon the roadway as required in section 1061 of this title, or turn a vehicle to enter an alley, private road, or driveway, or otherwise turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway unless such movement can be made with reasonable safety.

(c) A person shall not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in this section to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal.

(d) A signal of intention to turn right or left when required shall be given continuously during not less than the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning. A bicyclist shall comply with this subsection unless he or she cannot do so safely.

(e) The signals provided for in section 1065 of this title shall be used to indicate an intention to turn, change lanes, or start from a parked position and may not be flashed on one side only on a parked or disabled vehicle or flashed as a courtesy or “do pass” signal to operators of other vehicles approaching from the rear.
23 V.S.A. § 2507 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2507
§ 2507. Legislative review
Status: in_force

(a) Prior to September 15 of every year, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or the Chair of either the House Committee on Transportation or the Senate Committee on Transportation may request a meeting in joint session to review the operations and point values assigned under this chapter.

(b) Legislation may be introduced on the operations and point values assigned under this chapter in any legislative year, provisions on reconsideration notwithstanding.
23 V.S.A. § 1253 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1253
§ 1253. Inspection of permits
Status: in_force

Permits issued by the Commissioner in accordance with the provisions of sections 1251 and 1252 of this title shall be carried in some easily accessible place in the vehicles authorized to use the equipment and shall be available for inspection at any or all times by any law enforcement officer, or during the inspection by the authorized personnel of an official inspection station designated as such by the Department of Motor Vehicles, as provided by section 1222 of this title. No inspection sticker may be issued for a vehicle equipped with a siren or colored signal lamp, or both, unless a current or valid permit for the siren or colored signal lamp, or both, is produced for inspection. If a vehicle's permit is issued pursuant to subdivision 1252(a)(5) of this title, a copy of the permit is acceptable.
23 V.S.A. § 2048 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2048
§ 2048. Terminal rental adjustment clauses; vehicle leases that are not sales or security interests
Status: in_force

In the case of motor vehicles or trailers, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a transaction does not create a sale or security interest merely because it provides that the rental price is permitted or required to be adjusted under the agreement either upward or downward by reference to the amount realized upon sale or other disposition of the motor vehicle or trailer.
23 V.S.A. § 494 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 494
§ 494. Fees
Status: in_force

The annual fee for a transporter's registration certificate or number plate is $148.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1709 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1709
§ 1709. Report of convictions to Commissioner of Motor Vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) The Judicial Bureau and every court having jurisdiction over offenses committed under any law of this State or municipal ordinance regulating the operation of motor vehicles on the highways shall forward a record of any conviction to the Commissioner within 10 days for violation of any State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control, other than a parking violation.

(b) As used in this section, “conviction” has the same meaning as in subdivision 4(60) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 4109 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4109
§ 4109. Nondomiciled commercial driver's license; nondomiciled commercial learner's permit
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may issue a nondomiciled commercial driver's license or a nondomiciled commercial learner's permit to an individual domiciled in a foreign jurisdiction if the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator has determined that the commercial motor vehicle testing and licensing standards in the foreign jurisdiction do not meet the testing standards established in 49 C.F.R. Part 383. In addition, the Commissioner may issue a nondomiciled commercial driver's license or a nondomiciled commercial learner's permit to an individual domiciled in a state while that state is prohibited from issuing commercial driver's licenses in accordance with 49 C.F.R. § 384.405. The word “nondomiciled” must appear on the face of the nondomiciled commercial driver's license or nondomiciled commercial learner's permit. An applicant shall surrender any nondomiciled commercial driver's license or nondomiciled commercial learner's permit issued by another state. Prior to issuing a nondomiciled commercial driver's license or nondomiciled commercial learner's permit, the Commissioner shall establish the practical capability of revoking or suspending the nondomiciled commercial driver's license or nondomiciled commercial learner's permit.

(b) An applicant domiciled in a foreign jurisdiction must provide an unexpired employment authorization document (EAD) issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services or an unexpired foreign passport accompanied by an approved I-94 form documenting the applicant's most recent admittance into the United States. No proof of domicile is required.

(c) An applicant for a nondomiciled commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit is not required to surrender his or her foreign license.
23 V.S.A. § 1054 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1054
§ 1054. Pedestrians to use right half of crosswalks
Status: in_force

Pedestrians may move, whenever practicable, upon the right half of crosswalks only.
23 V.S.A. § 1115 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1115
§ 1115. Operating motorcycles and motor-driven cycles on roadways laned for traffic
Status: in_force

(a) All motorcycles or motor-driven cycles are entitled to full use of a lane and no motor vehicle shall be driven in such a manner as to deprive any motorcycle or motor-driven cycle of the full use of a lane.

(b) The operator of a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall not overtake and pass in the same lane occupied by the vehicle being overtaken.

(c) No person shall operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle between lanes of traffic or between adjacent lines or rows of vehicles.

(d) No motorcycle or motor-driven cycle may be operated in the same lane with, and alongside or closer than 10 feet ahead of, or 10 feet behind another motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, or other motor vehicle.

(e) Subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall not apply to police officers in the performance of their official duties.
23 V.S.A. § 117 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 117
§ 117. Record-keeping requirements; certificates of title
Status: in_force

(a) Original records. Original certificate of title records, including surrendered certificates of title and requests for salvage title, as issued pursuant to chapters 21 and 36 of this title, shall be maintained as an electronic image or electronic copy or other form of image, which allows for the tracing of anything for which the Department of Motor Vehicles issues a certificate of title, for a period of five years.

(b) Electronic format. Records of title shall be maintained in a format, determined by the Commissioner, that allows for the tracing of anything for which the Department of Motor Vehicles issues a certificate of title.
23 V.S.A. § 734 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 734
§ 734. Instructor requirements and training
Status: in_force

(a) The Department shall establish standards for an approved motorcycle rider training instructor preparation course. Successful completion of the course shall require the participant to demonstrate knowledge of the course material, knowledge of safe motorcycle operating practices, riding proficiency, and the necessary aptitude for instructing students.

(b) The Department shall establish minimum requirements for the qualifications of a rider training instructor. The minimum requirements shall include the following:

(1) the instructor shall have a high school diploma or its equivalent;

(2) the instructor shall be at least 21 years of age and must hold a valid motorcycle endorsement;

(3) the instructor shall have at least two years of licensed experience as a motorcycle operator during the last four years;

(4) the instructor's driver's license shall not have been suspended or revoked at any time during the preceding two years;

(5) the instructor shall not have any convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs during the preceding five years;

(6) instructors who are licensed in other states shall furnish certified copies of their driving records to the Department;

(7) an applicant shall not be eligible for instructor status until the applicant's driving record for the preceding five years, or the maximum number of years less than five for which a state retains driving records, is furnished; and

(8) the instructor shall have an approved instructor certificate that may be a state or Motorcycle Safety Foundation certificate, and the instructor must be registered as a currently active instructor.

(c) Temporary, seasonal employees of the Department of Motor Vehicles hired to provide motorcycle safety instruction, as well as any assistant instructors or range aides hired on a temporary, seasonal basis to provide or assist in the provision of motorcycle safety instruction, shall be exempt from the classified service created in 3 V.S.A. chapter 13.
23 V.S.A. § 476 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 476
§ 476. Motor vehicle warranty fee
Status: in_force

A motor vehicle warranty fee of $8.00 is imposed on the registration of each new motor vehicle in this State, not including trailers, tractors, motorized highway building equipment, road-making appliances, snowmobiles, motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, or trucks with a gross vehicle weight over 12,000 pounds.
23 V.S.A. § 3172 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3172
§ 3172. Agreements for reciprocal waiver of tax
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may enter into reciprocal agreements with the appropriate officials of any other state or province under which he or she may waive all or any part of the requirements imposed by this subchapter, upon waiver of similar requirements by such state or province.
23 V.S.A. § 326 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 326
§ 326. Refund upon loss of vehicle
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may cancel the registration of a motor vehicle when the owner of the motor vehicle proves to the Commissioner's satisfaction that the motor vehicle has been totally destroyed by fire or, through crash or wear, has become wholly unfit for use and has been dismantled. After the Commissioner cancels the registration and the owner returns to the Commissioner either the registration certificate or the number plate or number plates, or other proof of cancellation to the satisfaction of the Commissioner, the Commissioner shall certify to the Commissioner of Finance and Management the fact of the cancellation, giving the name of the owner of the motor vehicle, the owner's address, the amount of the registration fee paid, and the date of cancellation. The Commissioner of Finance and Management shall issue the Commissioner of Finance and Management's warrant in favor of the owner for such percent of the registration fee paid as the unexpired term of the registration bears to the entire registration period, but in no case shall the Commissioner of Finance and Management retain less than $5.00 of the fee paid.
23 V.S.A. § 2091 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2091
§ 2091. Salvage certificates of title; forwarding of plates and titles of crushed vehicles
Status: in_force

[Subsection (a) as currently effective; see also subsection (a) effective upon contingency being met, set out below.]

(a) Except for vehicles for which no certificate of title is required pursuant to section 2012 of this title and for vehicles that are more than 15 years old, any person who purchases or in any manner acquires a vehicle as salvage; any person who scraps, dismantles, or destroys a motor vehicle; or any insurance company or representative thereof who declares a motor vehicle to be a total loss, shall apply to the Commissioner for a salvage certificate of title within 15 days of the time the vehicle is purchased or otherwise acquired as salvage; is scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed; or is declared a total loss. However, an insurance company or representative thereof proceeding under subsection (c) of this section may apply outside this 15-day window to the extent necessary to comply with the requirements of that subsection.

[Subsection (a) effective upon contingency being met; see also currently effective subsection (a) set out above.]

(a) Except for vehicles for which no certificate of title is required pursuant to section 2012 of this title, any person who purchases or in any manner acquires a vehicle as salvage; any person who scraps, dismantles, or destroys a motor vehicle; or any insurance company or representative thereof who declares a motor vehicle to be a total loss shall apply to the Commissioner for a salvage certificate of title within 15 days after the time the vehicle is purchased or otherwise acquired as salvage; is scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed; or is declared a total loss. However, an insurance company or representative thereof proceeding under subsection (c) of this section may apply outside this 15-day window to the extent necessary to comply with the requirements of that subsection.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the application shall be accompanied by:

(1) any certificate of title; and

(2) any other information or documents that the Commissioner may reasonably require to establish ownership of the vehicle and the existence or nonexistence of any security interest in the vehicle.

(c)(1) An insurer required to obtain a salvage certificate of title under this section for a vehicle declared a total loss, or a representative of the insurer, may obtain the title without satisfying the requirements of subsection (b) of this section if the application for the salvage certificate of title is accompanied by:

(A) the required fee;

(B) evidence that the insurer has made payment for the total loss of the vehicle, and evidence that the payment was made to any lienholder identified in the records of certificates of title of the Department and to the vehicle owner, if applicable; and

(C) a copy of the insurer's written request for the certificate of title sent at least 30 days prior to the application to the vehicle owner and to any lienholder identified in the records of certificates of title of the Department, proof that the request was sent by certified mail or was delivered by a courier service that provides proof of delivery, and copies of any responses from the vehicle owner or lienholder.

(2) If the Commissioner issues a salvage certificate of title to an eligible person under this subsection, the title shall be issued free and clear of all liens.

(d) Except for vehicles for which no certificate of title is required under this chapter, when a vehicle is destroyed by crushing for scrap, the person causing the destruction shall immediately mail or deliver to the Commissioner the certificate of title endorsed “crushed” and signed by the person, accompanied by the original plate showing the original vehicle identification number. The plate shall not be removed until such time as the vehicle is crushed.

(e) This section shall not apply to, and salvage certificates of title shall not be required for, unrecovered stolen vehicles or vehicles stolen and recovered in an undamaged condition, provided that the original vehicle identification number plate has not been removed, altered, or destroyed and the number thereon is identical with that on the original title certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 1413 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1413
§ 1413. Disposition of impounded vehicles and loads
Status: in_force

(a) Rights of owner of load. The title to the load on an impounded vehicle or combination remains in the owner who may repossess the load at any time upon presentation of proof of ownership to the sheriff. If the load spoils during impoundment the loss shall be on the owner subject to any right of recovery of damages that the owner may have against the owner of the vehicle or combination or against any other party, and the costs of disposition of the load shall be recoverable in addition to the costs of prosecution.

(b) Sale of unclaimed vehicle or load. In case any impounded vehicle or combination is unredeemed, or the load is unclaimed, for a period of 60 days after notice of impoundment is given, it shall be sold at a public sale by the sheriff upon order of the issuing authority and after 10 days notice of sale to the owners, lienholders, or secured parties of the vehicle or load except that if the sheriff determines it to be necessary to preserve their value, goods that may spoil may be sold in any commercially reasonable manner prior to expiration of the 60-day period and, if impractical to do so, without giving notice to the owners, lienholders, or secured parties.

(c) Disposition of proceeds of sale. The proceeds of sale shall first be applied to the payment of the fine and costs, and secondly, to the payment of the encumbrances. The balance shall be remitted to the owner.
23 V.S.A. § 3309 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3309
§ 3309. Muffling devices
Status: in_force

The exhaust of every internal combustion engine used on any motorboat shall be effectively muffled by equipment so constructed and used as to muffle the noise of the exhaust in a manner that reduces the maximum machine operating noise level to not more than 82 decibels on the A scale at 50 feet, in a normal operating environment. The use of cutouts is prohibited except for motorboats competing in a regatta or boat race approved as provided in section 3316 of this title, and for such motorboats while on trial runs, during a period not to exceed 48 hours immediately preceding such regatta or race and for such motorboats while competing in official trials for speed records during a period not to exceed 48 hours immediately following such regatta or race.
23 V.S.A. § 3554 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3554
§ 3554. Procedure for issuing jurisdiction-Article III
Status: in_force

(a) When issuing a citation for a traffic violation, a police officer shall issue the citation to a motorist who possesses a driver's license issued by a party jurisdiction and shall not, subject to the exceptions noted in paragraph (b) of this article, require the motorist to post collateral to secure appearance, if the officer receives the motorist's personal recognizance that he or she will comply with the terms of the citation.

(b) Personal recognizance is acceptable only if not prohibited by law. If mandatory appearance is required, it should take place immediately following issuance of the citation.

(c) Upon failure of a motorist to comply with the terms of a traffic citation, the appropriate official shall report the failure to comply to the licensing authority of the jurisdiction in which the traffic citation was issued. The report shall be made in accordance with procedures specified by the issuing jurisdiction and shall contain information as specified in the Compact Manual as minimum requirements for effective processing by the home jurisdiction.

(d) Upon receipt of the report, the licensing authority of the issuing jurisdiction shall transmit to the licensing authority in the home jurisdiction of the motorist, the information in a form and content as contained in the Compact Manual.

(e) The licensing authority of the issuing jurisdiction need not suspend the privilege of a motorist for whom a report has been transmitted.

(f) The licensing authority of the issuing jurisdiction shall not transmit a report on any violation if the date of transmission is more than six months after the date on which the traffic citation was issued.

(g) The licensing authority of the issuing jurisdiction shall not transmit a report on any violation where the date of issuance of the citation predates the most recent of the effective dates of entry for the two jurisdictions affected.
23 V.S.A. § 604 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 604
§ 604. Early renewal
Status: in_force

(a) The holder of an operator's license or privilege card issued under the provisions of this subchapter may renew the operator's license or privilege card at any time prior to the expiration of the operator's license or privilege card. If one or more years remain before the expiration of the operator's license or privilege card, the Commissioner shall reduce the cost of the renewed operator's license or privilege card by an amount that is proportionate to the number of years rounded down to the next whole year remaining before the expiration of the operator's license or privilege card.

(b) All application and documentation requirements for the renewal of an operator's license or privilege card shall apply to the early renewal of an operator's license or privilege card.
23 V.S.A. § 518 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 518
§ 518. Electronic issuance of temporary plate and temporary registration
Status: repealed

(a) Issuance of plate and registration; length. The Commissioner is authorized to electronically issue a temporary plate and temporary registration to be printed by the owner of a motor vehicle for the purpose of movement over the highways of certain motor vehicles otherwise required to be registered when the vehicles are sold by a person other than a registered motor vehicle dealer. The temporary plate and temporary registration issued pursuant to this section shall be valid for a period of 60 days from issuance and shall be in the form and design prescribed by the Commissioner.

(b) Form of application; fee. The temporary plate and temporary registration may be obtained by submitting an application under oath on a form prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner, which shall require the applicant to attest to compliance with the provisions of section 800 of this title and provide any other proof of the identity of the vehicle the Commissioner reasonably requires. The Commissioner is authorized to charge a fee of $6.00 for the processing of the application and the issuance of the temporary plate and temporary registration.

(c) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 1035 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1035
§ 1035. Limitations
Status: in_force

(a) A vehicle shall not be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle or a vulnerable user proceeding in the same direction unless authorized by the provisions of this chapter and unless the left side is clearly visible and free of oncoming traffic and vulnerable users for a sufficient distance ahead to permit overtaking and passing to be completed without interfering with the operation of any vehicle or with any vulnerable user approaching from the opposite direction, or with the operation of any vehicle or with any vulnerable user overtaken. In every event, the overtaking vehicle shall return to an authorized lane of travel as soon as practicable and, if the passing movement involves the use of a lane authorized for vehicles approaching from the opposite direction, before coming within 200 feet of any approaching vehicle or a vulnerable user.

(b) A vehicle shall not pass another from the rear under any of the following conditions:

(1) when approaching or upon the crest of a grade or upon a curve in the highway where the driver's view is in any way obstructed;

(2) when approaching within 100 feet of, or traversing, any intersection or railroad grade crossing unless otherwise indicated by official traffic control devices; or

(3) when the view is obstructed upon approaching within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.

(c) The foregoing limitations do not apply upon a one-way roadway, or when subdivision 1031(a)(2) of this title applies, or where a vehicle is turning left into an alley, private road, or driveway.
23 V.S.A. § 4105 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4105
§ 4105. Notification required by driver
Status: in_force

(a) Notification of convictions. The driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall notify the State and employers of convictions as follows:

(1) The State. Any driver of a commercial motor vehicle holding a driver's license issued by this State who is convicted of violating any state law or local ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic control in any other state or federal, provincial, territorial, or municipal laws of Canada, other than parking violations, shall notify the Commissioner in the manner specified by the Commissioner within 30 days after the date of conviction.

(2) Employers. Any driver of a commercial motor vehicle holding a driver's license issued by this State who is convicted of violating any state law or local ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic control in this or any other state or federal, provincial, territorial, or municipal laws of Canada, other than parking violations, shall notify his or her employer in writing of the conviction within 30 days after the date of conviction.

(b) Notification of suspensions, revocations, and cancellations. A driver whose driver's license is suspended, revoked, or cancelled by any state; who loses the privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle in any state for any period; or who is disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for any period shall notify his or her employer of that fact before the end of the business day following the day the driver received notice of that fact.

(c) Notification of previous employment.

(1) Any individual who applies to be a commercial motor vehicle driver must provide the employer, at the time of the application, with the following information for the 10 years preceding the date of application:

(A) a list of the names and addresses of the applicant's previous employers for which the applicant was a driver of a commercial motor vehicle;

(B) the dates between which the applicant drove for each employer; and

(C) the reason for leaving that employer.

(2) The applicant must certify that all information furnished is true and complete. An employer may require an applicant to provide additional information.
23 V.S.A. § 3028 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3028
§ 3028. Bulk sales; transferee liability
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a licensee (transferor) required to collect and remit the tax required by this chapter shall make any sale, transfer, lease, or assignment (transfer) in bulk of any part or the whole of the assets of a business, otherwise than in the ordinary course of the business, the purchaser, transferee, lessee, or assignee (transferee) shall, at least 10 days before taking possession of the subject of the transfer or before payment therefor if earlier, notify the Commissioner in writing by mail of the proposed transfer and of the price and date thereof and whether or not the transferor has represented to, or has informed the transferee that the transferor owes any tax, interest, or penalties required by this chapter and whether or not the transferee has knowledge that such taxes, interest, or penalties are owed, and whether any taxes, interest, or penalties are in fact owed.

(b) Whenever the transferee shall fail to give notice to the Commissioner as required by subsection (a) of this section, or whenever the Commissioner shall inform the transferee that a possible claim for tax, interest, or penalty exists, any sums of money, property, or choses in action, or other consideration, that the transferee is required to transfer over to or for the transferor shall be subject to a first priority right and lien for any taxes, interest, or penalty theretofore or thereafter determined to be due from the transferor to the State, and the transferee is forbidden to transfer the consideration to or for the transferor to the extent of the amount of the State's claim.

(c) For failure to comply with this section, the transferee shall be personally liable to the State for the amount of the State's claim theretofore or thereafter determined to be due to the State from the transferor and the liability may be assessed and enforced against the transferee in the same manner as provided for by this chapter against the transferor.
23 V.S.A. § 322 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 322
§ 322. Failure to return certificate upon sale of vehicle
Status: in_force

Except as provided in section 321 of this title, a person shall return to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles the registration certificate and number plates of any motor vehicle when the vehicle is sold or exchanged by the person, together with the notice of the sale, when required by this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 2003 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2003
§ 2003. Power and duties of Commissioner
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall prescribe and provide suitable forms of applications, certificates of title, notices of security interests, and all other notices and forms necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) The Commissioner may:

(1) make necessary investigations to procure information required to carry out the provisions of this chapter;

(2) adopt and enforce reasonable rules to carry out the provisions of this chapter;

(3) assign a new identification number to a vehicle if it has none, or its identification number is destroyed or obliterated, and shall issue a new certificate of title showing the new identification number for a fee of $5.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1059 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1059
§ 1059. Driving through safety zone
Status: in_force

No vehicle shall at any time be driven through or within a safety zone.
23 V.S.A. § 312 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 312
§ 312. Temporary registration pending issuance of certificate of title
Status: in_force

(a) In his or her discretion, the Commissioner may issue a temporary registration certificate to a person required to obtain a certificate of title in accordance with chapter 21 of this title upon payment of the registration fee provided in subchapter 2 of this chapter and of the title fee. The temporary registration certificate and the number plate shall be valid for 60 days and shall not be renewed. At the expiration of the temporary registration, a permanent registration certificate and a set of number plates shall be issued, provided that all documents and information required by law are filed with the Commissioner.

(b) The registration fee paid in accordance with subsection (a) of this section shall not be refunded, except that the fee shall be deemed the fee for the permanent registration, if one is issued, or shall be deemed the fee for an application to register another vehicle, if the title requirements are met during that registration period. Likewise, the title fee shall be deemed the fee for the title, if one is issued, or shall be deemed the fee for an application to title another vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 701 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 701
§ 701. Definitions
Status: in_force

The following terms when used in this subchapter shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates a different meaning:

(1) “Commissioner” means the Vermont Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(2) “Department” means the Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles.

(3) “Driver training” means the instruction for hire in the driving of motor vehicles or in the preparation of an applicant for examination given by the Department for a driver's license, but not including instruction given by employers to their employees.

(4) “Driver training school” means any person engaged in providing driver training through one or more instructors, but not including a public or private school conducting a course in driver training approved by the Secretary of Education and the Commissioner.

(5) “Established place of business” means a location approved by the Commissioner at which the business of a driver's training school is transacted and at which its records are kept.

(6) “Instructor” means any person engaged in giving driver training.

(7) The terms “licensee” and “applicant” as applied to a firm, partnership, or association include the members thereof and as applied to a corporation include the officers and directors thereof.

(8) “Person” means any individual, combination of individuals, firm, partnership, or corporation; whenever used in any provision of this subchapter that prescribes or imposes a fine or imprisonment, or both, the term “person,” as applied to a firm, partnership, or association, shall include the members thereof and, as applied to a corporation, the officers thereof; a firm, partnership, association, or corporation may be subjected as an entity to the payment of a fine.
23 V.S.A. § 307 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 307
§ 307. Carrying of registration certificate; replacement and corrected certificates
Status: in_force

(a) An individual shall not operate a motor vehicle nor draw a trailer or semi-trailer unless all required registration certificates are carried in some easily accessible place in the motor vehicle or electronically on a portable electronic device; however, use of a device for this purpose does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device.

(b) In case of the loss, mutilation, or destruction of a certificate, the owner of the vehicle described in it shall immediately notify the Commissioner and remit a fee of $20.00, upon receipt of which the Commissioner shall furnish the owner with a duplicate certificate.

(c) A corrected registration certificate shall be furnished by the Commissioner upon request and receipt of a fee of $20.00.

(d)(1) An operator cited for violating subsection (a) of this section shall not be convicted if the operator sends a copy of or produces to the issuing enforcement agency within seven business days after the traffic stop proof of a valid registration certificate that was in effect at the time of the traffic stop.

(2) An operator cited for violating subsection (a) of this section with respect to a pleasure car, motorcycle, or truck that could be registered for less than 26,001 pounds shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5.00, which penalty shall be exempt from surcharges under 13 V.S.A. § 7282(a), if the operator is cited within the 14 days following the expiration of the motor vehicle's registration.
23 V.S.A. § 310 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 310
§ 310. Loaning or permitting the use of number plates
Status: in_force

A person shall not loan or permit the use of the number plates assigned by the Commissioner to a motor vehicle owned by such person.
23 V.S.A. § 3107 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3107
§ 3107. Alternative basis for computing tax
Status: in_force

A distributor may use as the measure of the tax so levied and assessed the gross quantity of motor fuel purchased, imported, produced, refined, manufactured, and compounded by the distributor, instead of the quantity sold, distributed, or used.
23 V.S.A. § 365 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 365
§ 365. Hearse or ambulance
Status: in_force

The annual fee for registration of a hearse or ambulance, except ambulances owned by a municipality and used for police patrol purposes, shall be based on the pleasure car rate.
23 V.S.A. § 3115 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3115
§ 3115. Appeals
Status: in_force

(a) Any aggrieved person may have any decision, order, or finding of the Commissioner made under this chapter reviewed under Rule 75 of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure. The review shall be to the Washington Superior Court or, in the discretion of the applicant, to the Superior Court in the county where the person has his or her principal place of business or residence. The hearing on the review shall be de novo.

(b) The appeal provided by this section shall be the exclusive remedy available to any person for review of a decision of the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 3201 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3201
§ 3201. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Commissioner” means Commissioner of Motor Vehicles unless otherwise stated.

(2) “Department” means Department of Motor Vehicles unless otherwise stated.

(3) “Operate” includes an attempt to operate and shall be construed to cover all matters and things connected with the presence and use of snowmobiles whether they be at motion or rest.

(4) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources.

(5) “Snowmobile” means a self-propelled vehicle intended for off-road travel primarily on snow, having a curb weight of not more than 793.783 kg (1,750 lbs.); driven by track or tracks in contact with the snow; and steered by a ski or skis in contact with the snow. The maximum width of a snowmobile shall be no more than 48 inches. An all-terrain vehicle converted to operate with tracks shall not be considered to be a snowmobile.

(6) “VAST” means the Vermont Association of Snow Travelers.

(7) “Trails maintenance assessment” (TMA) means a permit issued by the Vermont Association of Snow Travelers, Inc. granting use of Vermont snowmobile trails on public and private land. TMAs shall be issued in three different classifications: Vermont resident snowmobiles, nonresident snowmobiles, and commercial operation.

(8) “Public land” means all land that is either owned or controlled by a local, State, or federal governmental body.

(9) “Commercial operation” means the operation of a snowmobile on the SSTS by an individual participating in a guided tour or who has rented a snowmobile from an individual or corporate entity charging a fee for the tour or rental.

(10) “Direct supervision” means sufficiently close and able to control, by communicating visually or orally, the operation of a snowmobile by an operator under 16 years of age, taking into account the noise created by snowmobiles and protective headgear worn by the operator.

(11) “Tour” means a snowmobile ride led by a guide or leader over a defined route or routes lasting anywhere from one-half hour to less than a day and participated in by one or more individuals that have paid a fee to an individual or corporate entity for the privilege of riding a snowmobile.

(12) “Closed season” shall be defined as the time from April 16 to December 15.
23 V.S.A. § 1008 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1008
§ 1008. Ordinances in municipalities
Status: in_force

(a) The legislative body of a municipality may adopt ordinances as to the operation, use, and parking of motor vehicles, including angle parking; as to the location, design, and structure of traffic lights; as to “stop” signs and “yield right of way” signs at intersections; as to “no-passing” zones; and as to streets designated for one-way traffic in the thickly settled portions of the municipality and may cause any street or highway of adequate width to be divided by appropriate markings into three or more lanes and may, by ordinance, regulate the direction of travel and the turning of vehicles proceeding in those lanes and the passing of vehicles in one lane by overtaking vehicles in another lane, may cause markers, buttons, or signs to be placed within or adjacent to intersections and thereby direct the course traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection, and when markers, buttons, or signs are so placed no driver may turn a vehicle at an intersection other than as directed by the markers, buttons, or signs. However, signs indicating the ordinances must be conspicuously posted in and near all areas affected. Ordinances may not be established on any State highway as defined by 19 V.S.A. § 1(20). Ordinances on all State highways may be made only by the Traffic Committee under section 1003 of this title, except that the Traffic Committee may authorize the legislative body of a municipality to regulate parking within a thickly settled area of a municipality, particularly described in the authorization, on State highways. The board of school directors of a union high school district may adopt ordinances as to the operation, use, and parking of motor vehicles within the boundaries of its school property.

(b) The legislative body of a municipality may adopt ordinances as to the use of lights at night on motor vehicles at rest or in motion on well lighted streets.

(c) Municipal motor vehicle ordinances shall not duplicate or contradict any provision of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1249 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1249
§ 1249. Directional signal lamps
Status: in_force

A person shall not operate on a highway in this State a pleasure car, pleasure car with trailer coach attached, motor truck, truck-tractor in combination with a trailer or semi-trailer, motor bus, or school bus registered in Vermont, manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1955, unless such vehicle is equipped with directional signal lamps, of a type approved by the Commissioner, on front and rear of such vehicle or combination.
23 V.S.A. § 1254 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1254
§ 1254. Emergency warning lamp; definition
Status: in_force

As used in sections 1251–1255 of this subchapter, “emergency warning lamp”:

(1) means a lamp or lamps that provide a flashing light to identify an authorized vehicle on an emergency mission that may be a rotating beacon or pairs of alternately or simultaneously flashing lamps; and

(2) does not include a lamp or lamps that provide an exclusively amber flashing light.
23 V.S.A. § 3830 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3830
§ 3830. Other offenses
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall:

(1) with fraudulent intent, permit another, not otherwise entitled, to use or have possession of a certificate of title;

(2) willfully fail to mail or deliver a certificate of title or application to the Commissioner within 10 days after the time required by this chapter;

(3) willfully fail to deliver to his or her transferee a certificate of title within 10 days after the time required by this chapter; or

(4) willfully violate any provision of this chapter, except as provided in section 3829 of this title.

(b) A person convicted under this section shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 364b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 364b
§ 364b. All-surface vehicles; registration
Status: in_force

(a) The annual fee for registration of an all-surface vehicle (ASV) shall be the sum of the fees established by sections 3305 and 3504 of this title, plus $32.00.

(b) Evidence of the registration shall be a registration certificate and the number plate issued pursuant to chapter 31 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1071 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1071
§ 1071. Railroad grade crossings
Status: in_force

(a) An operator approaching a railroad grade crossing shall stop within 50 feet of, but not nearer than 15 feet from, the nearest rail of the railroad and may not proceed until he or she can do so safely when:

(1) an electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a railroad train or other on-track equipment;

(2) a crossing gate is lowered or a flagger gives a signal of the approach or passage of a railroad train or other on-track equipment;

(3) a railroad train or other on-track equipment approaching within 80 rods (1,320 feet) of the highway crossing emits a signal audible from that distance and the train or other on-track equipment, by reason of its speed or nearness, is an immediate hazard;

(4) a railroad train or other on-track equipment is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to or is at the crossing; or

(5) a stop sign has been erected at the crossing pursuant to section 1006 of this title.

(b) No operator shall drive any vehicle through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.

(c) Nothing in this section prohibits an individual from operating a motor vehicle across the tracks of a railroad at grade while a mechanical warning signal is in operation, provided he or she first brings the vehicle to a full stop and reasonably ascertains that the tracks can be crossed safely.
23 V.S.A. § 884 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 884
§ 884. Proof of insurance; notice of cancellation
Status: in_force

A company issuing such insurance or indemnity bond shall file with the Commissioner proof that the required insurance or indemnity bond has been issued as shall be satisfactory to the Commissioner and such insurance or bond shall not lapse, expire, or be cancelled while the registration is in force until at least 20 days' written notice of an intention to cancel has been given to the Commissioner. Upon receipt of the notice, the Commissioner shall immediately notify the insured of such intention to cancel and that if other insurance or indemnity bond is not furnished within 15 days thereafter, the registration of the motor buses of the insured shall be cancelled and the number plates of such motor buses will be taken up by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1747 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1747
§ 1747. Signed statement
Status: in_force

The court shall treat the signed statement, if accepted and accompanied by the prescribed penalty, as a plea of guilty and shall make an entry thereof on its records. No costs, fees, or other charges may be assessed against any person so admitting a violation of any such ordinance or shall be allowed or paid to any officer or person because of the violation, but the penalty shall be accepted by the court in full discharge of the criminal liability of the person as a result of the violation.
23 V.S.A. § 3001 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3001
§ 3001. Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to impose a tax on all users of diesel fuel upon the sale or use of such fuel by motor vehicles on public highways.
23 V.S.A. § 113 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 113
§ 113. Recall of defective vehicles; fee to manufacturers
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall charge a fee, to be fixed by him or her at cost, to a person or company requesting listings to be furnished of motor vehicles to be recalled by a manufacturer or company.
23 V.S.A. § 512 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 512
§ 512. Trailer or semi-trailer
Status: in_force

When a trailer or semi-trailer is being drawn by a registered motor vehicle, the rear number plate assigned to such trailer or semi-trailer shall be displayed on the rear of such trailer or semi-trailer and shall be illuminated at night as provided in section 1248 of this title for the lighting of rear number plates on motor vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 1361 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1361
§ 1361. Lights on vehicles other than motor vehicles
Status: in_force

Every vehicle on wheels or runners, whether stationary or in motion on a public highway, shall have attached to it a light that shall be so displayed as to be clearly visible from the front and rear during the period from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise. However, this section shall not apply to a vehicle that is designed to be propelled by hand. During the same period, towed or trailing vehicles, farm machinery, or other equipment, whether stationary or in motion on a public highway, shall have attached to them a red light or reflector that shall be so displayed as to be clearly visible from the rear, under normal atmospheric conditions, or a reflectorized slow moving vehicle symbol of a standard type approved by the Commissioner. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to affect any statute, rule, or regulation requiring lights on motor vehicles and the obligation of the owner or operator thereof. The driver of a vehicle shall be deemed the responsible party, liable to the penalty for violation hereof.
23 V.S.A. § 1251 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1251
§ 1251. Sirens and emergency warning lamps; out-of-state emergency and rescue vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition. A motor vehicle shall not be operated upon a highway of this State equipped with any of the following:

(1) a siren unless either a permit authorizing the siren, issued by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, is carried in the vehicle or a permit is not required pursuant to section 1252 of this subchapter;

(2) an emergency warning lamp unless either a permit authorizing the emergency warning lamp, issued by the Commissioner, is carried in the vehicle or a permit is not required pursuant to section 1252 of this subchapter;

(3) a blue light of any kind unless either a permit authorizing the blue light, issued by the Commissioner, is carried in the vehicle or a permit is not required pursuant to section 1252 of this subchapter; or

(4) a lamp or lamps that are not emergency warning lamps and provide a flashing light in a color other than amber, except that this prohibition shall not apply to a motorcycle headlamp modulation system that meets the criteria specified in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108, codified at 49 C.F.R. § 571.108.

(b) Permit transfer. A permit may be transferred following the same procedure and subject to the same time limits as set forth in section 321 of this title. The Commissioner may adopt additional rules as may be required to govern the acquisition of permits and the use pertaining to sirens and emergency warning lamps.

(c) Exception for vehicles from another state. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, when responding to emergencies, law enforcement vehicles, ambulances, fire vehicles, or vehicles owned or leased by, or provided to, volunteer firefighters or rescue squad members that are registered or licensed by another state or province may use sirens and emergency warning lamps in Vermont, and a permit shall not be required for such use, provided the vehicle is properly permitted or otherwise permitted to use the sirens and emergency warning lamps without permit in its home state or province.
23 V.S.A. § 1039 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1039
§ 1039. Following too closely, crowding, and harassment
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of a vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of the vehicles and the traffic upon, and the conditions of, the highway. The operator of a vehicle shall not, in a careless or imprudent manner, approach, pass, or maintain speed unnecessarily close to a vulnerable user as defined in subdivision 4(81) of this title, and an occupant of a vehicle shall not throw any object or substance at a vulnerable user.

(b) The driver of any vehicle, when traveling upon a roadway outside a business or residential district and that is following another vehicle, shall, whenever conditions permit, leave sufficient space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy the space without danger, except that this shall not prevent a vehicle from overtaking and passing any other vehicle.

(c) Vehicles being driven upon any roadway in a caravan or motorcade, other than a funeral procession, shall be so operated as to allow sufficient space between each vehicle or combination of vehicles so as to enable any other vehicle to enter and occupy the space without danger.
23 V.S.A. § 1200 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1200
§ 1200. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter:

(1) “Alcohol concentration” means:

(A) the number of grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood; or

(B) the number of grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.

(2) “Drug” means:

(A) a regulated drug as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 4201; or

(B) any substance or combination of substances, other than alcohol, that affects the nervous system, brain, or muscles of a person so as to impair, noticeably and appreciably, a person's ability to drive a vehicle safely.

(3) “Evidentiary test” means a breath, saliva, or blood test that indicates the person's alcohol concentration or the presence of other drug and that is intended to be introduced as evidence.

(4) “Alcohol” includes alcohol, malt beverages, spirits, fortified wines, and vinous beverages, as defined in 7 V.S.A. § 2, and any beverage or liquid containing any of them.

(5) “Law enforcement officer” means a law enforcement officer who has been certified by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council pursuant to 20 V.S.A. § 2358.

(6) “Vehicle” means a motor vehicle as defined in section 4 of this title and, when on a public highway:

(A) a snowmobile as defined in section 3201 of this title; and

(B) an all-terrain vehicle as defined in section 3501 of this title.

(7) “Highway” has the same meaning as in subdivision 4(13) of this title, except that for purposes of this subchapter, “highway” does not include the driveway that serves only a single-family or two-family residence of the operator. This exception shall not apply if a person causes the death of a person, causes bodily injury to a person, or causes damage to the personal property of another person, while operating a motor vehicle on a driveway in violation of section 1201 of this subchapter.

(8) “Ignition interlock device” means a device that is capable of measuring a person's alcohol concentration and that prevents a motor vehicle from being started by a person whose alcohol concentration is 0.02 or greater.

(9)(A) “Ignition interlock restricted driver's license” or “ignition interlock RDL” or “RDL” means a restricted license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle issued by the Commissioner allowing a resident whose license or privilege to operate has been suspended or revoked for operating under the influence of alcohol or in excess of legal limits of alcohol concentration, or for refusing an enforcement officer's reasonable request for an evidentiary test, to operate a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 4103 of this title, installed with an approved ignition interlock device.

(B) “Ignition interlock certificate” means a restricted privilege to operate a motor vehicle issued by the Commissioner allowing a nonresident whose privilege to operate a motor vehicle in Vermont has been suspended or revoked for operating under the influence of alcohol or in excess of legal limits of alcohol concentration, or for refusing an enforcement officer's reasonable request for an evidentiary test, to operate a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 4103 of this title, installed with an approved ignition interlock device.

(10) “Random retest” means a test of a vehicle operator's blood alcohol concentration, other than a test required to start the vehicle, that is required at random intervals during operation of a vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock device.

(11) “Serious bodily injury” has the same meaning as in 13 V.S.A. § 1021(a)(2)(A).

(12) As used in this section, “conviction” has the same meaning as in subdivision 4(60) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3324 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3324
§ 3324. Implied consent
Status: in_force

Any person who operates, attempts to operate, or is in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State is deemed to have given consent to the taking of more than one sample of his or her breath or blood for the purpose of determining the alcoholic content of his or her blood. The samples shall be taken and the tests administered and analyzed consistently with the provisions of sections 1202 and 1203 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1074 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1074
§ 1074. Vehicle entering roadway
Status: in_force

A driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, private road, legal trail, class 4 town highway, class 3 town highway serving only one residence, or driveway shall stop immediately prior to driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area extending across any alleyway or driveway, shall yield the right of way to any pedestrian as may be necessary to avoid contact, and upon entering the roadway shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching on the roadway.
23 V.S.A. § 731 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 731
§ 731. Legislative intent
Status: in_force

(a) The General Assembly finds that a comprehensive training program for motorcycle operators would enhance operator safety and reduce the number of injuries that occur as a result of motorcycle crashes. Since the great majority of motorcycle crashes involve inexperienced operators, a training program focused on inexperienced operators is the primary purpose of this legislation. The training program established shall be operated pursuant to nationally recognized safety and training standards and shall be funded from registration and license fees paid by Vermont motorcycle operators.

(b) It is the intent of the General Assembly that revenue from fee increases specified in 1990 Acts and Resolves No. 286 shall be used for administration of the motorcycle rider training program and expenses relating to the program, including instructor training, licensing improvement, alcohol and drug education, public awareness, a driver improvement program for motorcyclists, technical assistance, program promotion, and other motorcycle safety programs. Funds may also be used for reimbursement of persons with course sites.
23 V.S.A. § 1063 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1063
§ 1063. Starting parked vehicles
Status: in_force

No person shall move a vehicle that is stopped, standing, or parked unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety.
23 V.S.A. § 1111 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1111
§ 1111. Unattended motor vehicle
Status: in_force

No person shall permit a motor vehicle to stand unattended without first stopping the engine; locking the ignition; removing the key from the ignition and effectively setting the brake, air temperatures permitting; and, when the vehicle is standing upon a grade, turning the front of the front wheels toward the curb or side of the highway. This section does not apply to authorized emergency vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 458 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 458
§ 458. Temporary plate on sold or exchanged vehicles
Status: in_force

On the day of the sale or exchange of a motor vehicle, motorboat, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to be registered in this State, a dealer may issue to the purchaser, for attachment to the motor vehicle, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, or to be carried in or on the motorboat, a number plate, a temporary number plate, or a temporary decal, provided that the purchaser deposits with such dealer, for transmission to the Commissioner, a properly executed application for the registration of such motor vehicle, motorboat, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and the required fee. If a properly licensed purchaser either attaches to the motor vehicle, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle or carries in the motorboat such number plate or decal, the purchaser may operate the same for a period not to exceed 60 consecutive days immediately following the purchase.
23 V.S.A. § 4113 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4113
§ 4113. Notification of traffic convictions
Status: in_force

When an individual who holds a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit issued by another state is convicted in this State of any violation of State law or local ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic control, other than parking violations, in any type of vehicle, the Commissioner shall notify the driver's licensing authority in the licensing state of the conviction within 10 days.
23 V.S.A. § 1704 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1704
§ 1704. Possession prima facie evidence of violation
Status: in_force

The possession by a person of a motor vehicle or vessel, the motor or manufacturer's serial or Commissioner assigned identifying number of which has been changed, tampered with, obliterated, or defaced, shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of the provisions of section 1703 of this title, unless the person applies to the Commissioner for the assignment of a new number as provided in section 1702 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3556 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3556
§ 3556. Applicability of other laws-Article V
Status: in_force

Except as expressly required by provisions of this compact, nothing contained herein shall be construed to affect the right of any party jurisdiction to apply any of its other laws relating to license to drive to any person or circumstance, or to invalidate or prevent any driver license agreement or other cooperative arrangements between a party jurisdiction and a nonparty jurisdiction.
23 V.S.A. § 1247 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1247
§ 1247. Approval of lighting devices
Status: in_force

The manufacturer or distributor of each device or lens designed to control lights on motor vehicles shall apply to the Commissioner for his or her approval of the use of such device or lens in this State. The Commissioner shall make or cause to be made such laboratory and road tests of each device or lens submitted as he or she deems necessary, or he or she may adopt the approval or disapproval of such device or lens by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators.
23 V.S.A. § 4104 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4104
§ 4104. Limitation on number of driver's licenses
Status: in_force

No individual who drives a commercial motor vehicle shall have more than one driver's license.
23 V.S.A. § 1028 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1028
§ 1028. Interference with devices or signals
Status: in_force

No person shall, without lawful authority, alter or attempt to alter, deface, injure, knock down, or remove any official traffic-control device or any railroad sign or signal or any inscription, shield, or insignia thereon, or any part thereof.
23 V.S.A. § 3323a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3323a
§ 3323a. Persons under 21 years of age; alcohol concentration of 0.02 or more
Status: in_force

(a) A person under the age of 21 who operates, attempts to operate, or is in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.02 or more, commits a civil traffic violation subject to the jurisdiction of the Judicial Bureau and subject to the following sanctions:

(1) For a first violation, the person's privilege to operate a vessel, except a nonmotorized canoe and a nonmotorized rowboat, on the waters of this State shall be suspended for six months and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title.

(2) For a second or subsequent violation, the person's privilege to operate a vessel, except a nonmotorized canoe and a nonmotorized rowboat, on the waters of this State shall be suspended until the person reaches the age of 21 or for one year, whichever is longer, and complies with section 1209a of this title.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions in subsection (a) of this section to the contrary, a person's privilege to operate that has been suspended under this section shall not be reinstated until the Commissioner has received satisfactory evidence that the provider of the therapy program has been paid in full.

(c) If a law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a person is violating this section, the officer may request the person to submit to a breath test using a preliminary screening device approved by the Commissioner of Health. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in sections 1202 and 1203 of this title:

(1) the results of the test shall be admissible evidence in a proceeding under this section; and

(2) there shall be no statutory right to counsel prior to the administration of the test.

(d) A refusal to submit to a breath test shall be considered a violation of this section.

(e) In a proceeding under this section, if there was at any time within two hours of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State an alcohol concentration of 0.02 or more, it shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person's alcohol concentration was 0.02 or more at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control.

(f) The alcohol program required under this section shall be administered by the Department of Health's Division of Substance Use Programs and shall take into consideration any particular treatment needs of operators under 21 years of age.

(g) A charge of violating this section shall not bar prosecution for any crime, including a prosecution under section 3323 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 611 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 611
§ 611. Possession of license certificate
Status: in_force

Every licensee shall have the licensee's operator's license certificate in the licensee's immediate possession at all times when operating a motor vehicle. However, a licensee cited with violating this section or section 610 of this subchapter shall not be convicted if the licensee sends a copy of or produces to the issuing enforcement agency within seven business days after the traffic stop an operator's license certificate that was valid or had expired within 14 days prior to the traffic stop.
23 V.S.A. § 3905 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3905
§ 3905. Effect of conviction-Article IV
Status: in_force

(a) The licensing authority in the home state, for the purposes of suspension, revocation, or limitation of the license to operate a motor vehicle, shall give the same effect to the conduct reported, pursuant to Article III of this compact, as it would if the conduct had occurred in the home state, in the case of convictions for:

(1) manslaughter or negligent homicide resulting from the operation of a motor vehicle;

(2) driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or narcotic drug, or under the influence of any other drug to a degree that renders the driver incapable of safely driving a motor vehicle;

(3) any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used;

(4) failure to stop and render aid in the event of a motor vehicle accident resulting in the death or personal injury of another.

(b) As to other convictions, reported pursuant to Article III, the licensing authority in the home state shall give such effect to the conduct as is provided by the laws of the home state.

(c) If the laws of a party state do not provide for offenses or violations described in precisely the words employed in subsection (a) of this Article, the party state shall construe the descriptions appearing in subsection (a) of this section as being applicable to and identifying those offenses or violations of a substantially similar nature, and the laws of the party state shall contain such provisions as may be necessary to ensure that full effect is given to this Article.
23 V.S.A. § 2305 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 24 / Section 2305
§ 2305. Procedure
Status: in_force

Traffic violations shall be heard by the Judicial Bureau and the procedure shall be as provided in 4 V.S.A. chapter 29.
23 V.S.A. § 3207c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207c
§ 3207c. Implied consent
Status: in_force

Any person who operates, attempts to operate, or is in actual physical control of a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State is deemed to have given consent to the taking of more than one sample of his or her breath or blood for the purpose of determining the alcoholic content of his or her blood. The samples shall be taken and the tests administered and analyzed consistently with the provisions of sections 1202, 1203, and 1203a of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1096 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1096
§ 1096. General penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who violates the speed restrictions of subsection 1083(b) of this title shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $50.00 and is liable for damages for injuries thereby done to the bridge or structure, which may be recovered in a civil action brought under this section in the name and for the benefit of the State or municipal corporation liable for the repairs of the bridge or structure, with costs.

(b) A parent or guardian who knowingly permits a child under 16 years of age, in his or her custody, to violate any provision of sections 1136 through 1141, inclusive, of this title shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00.
23 V.S.A. § 376 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 376
§ 376. State, municipal, fire department, and rescue organization motor vehicles
Status: repealed

(a) A fee shall not be charged for registration of motor vehicles owned by the State.

(b) The fee for registration of a motor vehicle owned by any municipality in this State and used entirely by it or any other municipality for municipal purposes shall be $15.00 in lieu of fees otherwise specified in this chapter. For purposes of this subsection, the term municipality shall include county-owned vehicles. The Commissioner shall issue specially designed registration plates for county-owned sheriffs' departments' vehicles.

(c) The registration fee for registration of a motor truck, trailer, ambulance, or other motor vehicle, owned by a volunteer fire department or other volunteer firefighting organization or other organization conducting rescue operations and used solely for fire fighting or rescue purposes shall be $15.00 in lieu of fees otherwise specified in this chapter. A motor vehicle or trailer registered under this section shall be plainly marked on both sides of the body or cab to indicate its ownership.

(d) The use of a school bus owned by a municipality in this State, whether or not that use is compensated, shall be considered a municipal purpose within the meaning of this section.

(e) [Repealed.]

(f) A replacement registration plate shall be provided by the Commissioner upon the payment of a fee of $11.00.

(g)(1) The fee for registration of a motor vehicle obtained from the government as excess government property, or a vehicle purchased with 100 percent federal funds and used for federally supported local programs, shall be $14.00, in lieu of fees otherwise specified in this chapter. The Commissioner shall determine the eligibility as to whether or not the motor vehicle qualifies for this registration and ownership of the vehicle shall be plainly marked on both sides of the body or cab.

(2) The registration of a vehicle used for other than federally supported local programs shall be revoked.

(h)(1) The EV infrastructure fee, required pursuant to subsections 361(b) and (c) of this subchapter, shall not be charged for vehicles owned by the State.

(2) The EV infrastructure fee, required pursuant to subsections 361(b) and (c) of this subchapter, shall not be charged for vehicles that are owned by any county or municipality in the State and used by that county or municipality or another county or municipality in this State for county or municipal purposes.

(i)(1) The EV infrastructure fee, required pursuant to subsections 361(b) and (c) of this subchapter, shall not be charged for a motor truck, trailer, ambulance, or other motor vehicle that is:

(A) owned by a volunteer fire department or other volunteer firefighting organization, an ambulance service, or an organization conducting rescue operations; and

(B) used solely for firefighting, emergency medical, or rescue purposes, or any combination of those activities.

(2) A motor vehicle or trailer subject to the provisions of this subsection shall be plainly marked on both sides of the body or cab to indicate its ownership.
23 V.S.A. § 314 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 314
§ 314. Commercial motor vehicles; registration; suspension or revocation
Status: in_force

The Commissioner is authorized to suspend or revoke the registration of a commercial motor vehicle if the commercial motor carrier responsible for safety has been prohibited from operating in interstate commerce by an agency with authority to do so under federal law.
23 V.S.A. § 2015 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2015
§ 2015. Application for certificate
Status: repealed

(a) The application for the first certificate of title of a vehicle in this State shall be made by the owner to the Commissioner on the form he or she prescribes and shall contain:

(1) the name, residence, and mail address of the owner;

(2) a description of the vehicle, including, so far as the following data exist, its make, model, identification number, odometer reading, or hubometer reading or clock meter reading on all vehicles, type of body, the number of cylinders, and whether new or used;

(3) the date of purchase by the applicant, the name and address of the person from whom the vehicle was acquired, and the names and addresses of any lienholders in the order of their priority and the dates of their security agreements, and, if a new vehicle, the application shall be accompanied by a manufacturer's or importer's certificate of origin; and

(4) any further information the Commissioner reasonably requires to identify the vehicle and to enable him or her to determine whether the owner is entitled to a certificate of title and the existence or nonexistence of security interests in the vehicle.

(5) [Repealed.]

(b) If the application refers to a vehicle purchased from a dealer, it shall contain the name and address of any lienholder holding a security interest created or reserved at the time of the sale and the date of his or her security agreement and be signed by the dealer as well as the owner, and the dealer shall promptly mail or deliver the application to the Commissioner unless title is in the possession of a lienholder at the time of sale, in which case the dealer shall have until 30 calendar days after the date the dealer acquired the vehicle to mail or deliver the application to the Commissioner. The dealer shall not be entitled to the extension if the lien on the vehicle was granted by the dealer to finance vehicle inventory acquisition.

(c) If the application refers to a vehicle last previously registered in another state or country, the application shall contain or be accompanied by:

(1) any certificate of title issued by the other state or country;

(2) any other information and documents the Commissioner reasonably requires to establish the ownership of the vehicle and the existence or nonexistence of security interests in it; and

(3) any other proof of the identity of the vehicle the Commissioner reasonably requires.
23 V.S.A. § 1141 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1141
§ 1141. Equipment on bicycles
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate a bicycle at nighttime from one-half hour after sunset until one-half hour before sunrise unless the bicycle or the bicyclist is equipped with a lamp on the front that emits a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the front. In addition, bicyclists shall operate during these hours with either a lamp on the rear of the bicycle or bicyclist that emits a flashing or steady red light visible at least 300 feet to the rear or with reflective, rear-facing material or reflectors, or both, with a surface area totaling at least 20 square inches on the bicycle or bicyclist and visible at least 300 feet to the rear.

(b) No person may equip a bicycle with any siren or whistle, or any device simulating a siren of an authorized emergency vehicle, nor may he or she operate a bicycle so equipped.

(c) No person may operate a bicycle unless it is equipped with a brake that will enable the operator to make the braked wheels skid on dry, level, clean pavement.
23 V.S.A. § 1704a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1704a
§ 1704a. Alteration of odometers
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall:

(1) sell, attempt to sell, or cause to be sold any motor vehicle, highway building appliance, motorboat, all-terrain vehicle, or snowmobile if the odometer, hubometer reading, or clock meter reading has been changed, tampered with, or defaced without first disclosing that information to the buyer;

(2) change, tamper with, or deface, or attempt to change, tamper with, or deface any odometer, hubometer, or clock meter in a motor vehicle, highway building appliance, motorboat, all-terrain vehicle, or snowmobile; or

(3) willfully misrepresent the odometer, hubometer, or clock meter reading on the odometer disclosure statement or similar statement, title, or bill of sale.

(b) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 for a first offense and fined not more than $2,500.00 for each subsequent offense.
23 V.S.A. § 3114 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3114
§ 3114. Penalties
Status: in_force

A person who violates any provision of this subchapter shall be fined not more than $2,000.00 nor less than $500.00. This penalty shall be in addition to the penalty imposed by any other section of this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 3322 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3322
§ 3322. Proof of payment of tax
Status: in_force

No license, permit, registration, validation, or similar authorization to own or operate any vessel shall be issued under this chapter until proof of payment of or exemption from the tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 233 has been established in the manner prescribed by the Commissioner of Taxes.
23 V.S.A. § 671 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 671
§ 671. Procedure
Status: in_force

(a) In the Commissioner's discretion, the Commissioner may suspend indefinitely or for a definite time the license of an operator, or the right of an unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle, after opportunity for a hearing upon not less than 15 days' notice, if the Commissioner has reason to believe that the holder of the license or right to operate is an individual who is incompetent to operate a motor vehicle or is operating improperly so as to endanger the public. If, upon receipt of such notice, the individual requests a hearing, the suspension shall not take effect unless the Commissioner, after hearing, determines that the suspension is justified. If the Commissioner imposes a suspension, the Commissioner may order the license delivered to the Commissioner. Not less than six months from the date of suspension and after each subsequent six months, an individual upon whom such suspension has been imposed may apply for reinstatement of the individual's license or right to operate or for a new license. Upon receipt of such application, the Commissioner shall cause an investigation to be made and, if so requested, conduct a hearing to determine whether such suspension should be continued in effect.

(b) In his or her discretion, the Commissioner may suspend for a period not exceeding 15 days the license of an operator, or the right of an unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle, without hearing, whenever he or she finds upon full reports submitted by an enforcement officer or motor vehicle inspector that the safety of the public has been or will be imperiled as a result of the operation of a motor vehicle by such operator or unlicensed individual.

(c) The Commissioner may suspend the license of an operator, or the right of an unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle, while a prosecution for an offense under this title is pending against such individual if:

(1) the Commissioner finds upon full reports submitted to him or her by an enforcement officer or motor vehicle inspector that the safety of the public will be imperiled by permitting such operator or such unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle; or

(2) the Commissioner finds that such operator is seeking to delay the prosecution.

(d) The Commissioner shall not suspend the license of an operator, or the right of an unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle, for any cause that has constituted the subject matter of a prosecution in which the conviction of such individual has not been obtained.

(e) The Commissioner shall revoke licenses obtained fraudulently. The Commissioner shall also revoke licenses when required by law, and such revocation shall not entitle the holder of such license to hearing.

(f) If a hearing is required under the provisions of this section, it shall be held in accordance with the provisions of sections 105-107 of this title and at such time and place as the Commissioner may determine. It shall be in the discretion of the Commissioner to determine the granting of a hearing and subsequent hearing in response to a petition for a hearing in connection with suspension orders issued under the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

(g) Notwithstanding subsection (d) of this section, if the Commissioner receives official notice, in any form he or she deems appropriate, that an individual's right to operate a motor vehicle has been suspended or revoked in another jurisdiction, the Commissioner may suspend the individual's license or right to operate a motor vehicle in this State after the opportunity for a hearing upon not less than 15 days' notice. If the individual's license or right to operate is subsequently reinstated by the other jurisdiction, the individual may apply to the Commissioner for reinstatement of his or her license or right to operate a motor vehicle in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 2025 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2025
§ 2025. Involuntary transfers
Status: in_force

(a) If the interest of an owner in a vehicle passes to another other than by voluntary transfer, the transferee shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, if available, proof of the transfer, and his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes.

(b) If the interest of the owner is terminated or the vehicle is sold under a security agreement by a lienholder named in the certificate of title, the transferee shall promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes, and an affidavit made by or on behalf of the lienholder that the vehicle was repossessed and that the interest of the owner was lawfully terminated or sold pursuant to the terms of the security agreement. If the lienholder succeeds to the interest of the owner and holds the vehicle for resale, he or she need not secure a new certificate of title but, upon transfer to another person, shall promptly mail or deliver to the transferee or to the Commissioner the certificate, affidavit, and other documents required to be sent to the Commissioner by the transferee.

(c) A person holding a certificate of title whose interest in the vehicle has been extinguished or transferred other than by voluntary transfer shall mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner upon request of the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate pursuant to the request of the Commissioner does not affect the rights of the person surrendering the certificate, and the action of the Commissioner in issuing a new certificate of title is not conclusive upon the rights of an owner or lienholder named in the old certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 1226 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1226
§ 1226. Reciprocity
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may authorize the acceptance in this State of a certificate of inspection and approval issued in another state or province having inspection requirements similar to the requirements in effect in this State. He or she may extend the time within which a certification of inspection shall be obtained in this State by the owner of a motor vehicle registered in this State and so inspected that was not in this State during the time an inspection was required.
23 V.S.A. § 3704 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3704
§ 3704. Permit for empty weight
Status: in_force

For a fee of $20.00, a permit may be issued to an owner-operator for a registered gross weight not in excess of the empty weight of the vehicle as provided for in Article IX(c) of the International Registration Plan for a period of 20 days. The permit shall be kept with the vehicle while being operated.
23 V.S.A. § 1398 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1398
§ 1398. Certified statement to be filed
Status: in_force

A certified statement shall be filed with the clerk in each municipality in which a posting, as provided in sections 1397 and 1397a of this subchapter, occurs that states the location of the highway or bridge posted, the legal limit or limits to which the highway or bridge is restricted, and the date of posting. If a restriction is removed at any time by the Secretary of Transportation or legislative body of the municipality, or both, a similar certified statement of the removal shall be filed with the clerk of the municipality.
23 V.S.A. § 3020 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3020
§ 3020. Credits and refunds
Status: repealed

(a) Credits.

(1) A user who purchased fuel within this State from a dealer or distributor upon which the user paid the tax at the time of purchase, or a user exempt from the payment of the tax under subsection 3003(d) of this title who purchased fuel within this State upon which the user paid tax at the time of purchase, shall be entitled to a credit equal to the amount of tax per gallon in effect when the fuel was purchased. When the amount of the credit to which any user is entitled for any reporting period exceeds the amount of the user's tax for the same period, the excess shall be credited to the user's tax account and the user shall be notified of the date and amount of the credit by mail.

(2) If the Commissioner determines that a tax, penalty, interest, or fee required by this chapter has been paid more than once by a user, or has been illegally or erroneously collected or computed, the excess amount paid or collected shall be credited to the user's tax account and the user shall be notified of the date and amount of the credit by mail.

(3) A user who also sells or delivers fuel subject to the tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 233 upon which the tax imposed by this chapter has been paid shall be entitled to a credit equal to the amount of such tax paid pursuant to this chapter. When the amount of the credit to which any user is entitled for any reporting period exceeds the amount of the user's tax for the same period, the excess shall be credited to the user's tax account and the user shall be notified of the date and amount of the credit by mail.

(4) Any credits in the user's tax account shall be allowed as a credit against either the tax for which the user otherwise would be liable for in a succeeding reporting period or any registration fees assessed pursuant to chapter 35 of this title.

(b) Refunds. A user may request, in writing by mail, a refund of any credits in the user's tax account, but in no case may a user collect a refund requested more than 12 months following the date the amount was credited to the user's tax account.

(c) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 3011 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3011
§ 3011. Bond requirement; amount; failure of security
Status: in_force

(a) When the Commissioner deems it necessary to protect the revenues to be obtained under this chapter, he or she may require a user, dealer, or distributor to file with him or her a bond, issued by a surety company authorized to transact business in this State and approved by the Commissioner of Financial Regulation of this State as to solvency and responsibility, in an amount fixed by the Commissioner, but not to exceed the total potential liability of such person, to secure the payment of any tax or penalties or interest due or that may become due from a licensee under this chapter. In the event that the Commissioner determines that such person is to file a bond, he or she shall notify the user, dealer, or distributor by mail of the amount of the bond required. That person shall file a bond within 15 days after the giving of the notice unless within those 15 days he or she shall request in writing sent by mail a hearing before the Commissioner at which the necessity, propriety, and amount of the bond shall be determined by the Commissioner. The Commissioner's determination shall be final and shall be complied with within 15 days after mailing to the user, dealer, or distributor. In lieu of a bond, securities approved by the Commissioner or cash in such amount as he or she may prescribe may be deposited, which shall be kept in the custody of the State Treasurer who may at any time upon instructions from the Commissioner without notice to the depositor apply them to any tax or interest or penalties due, and for that purpose the securities may be sold by him or her at public or private sale without notice to the depositor thereof.

(b) The total amount of the bond required of a licensee may be fixed by the Commissioner and may be increased or decreased by him or her at any time subject to the limitations imposed by this section.

(c) If the liability upon a bond filed by a licensee with the Commissioner becomes discharged or reduced, whether by judgment rendered, payment made, or otherwise, or if in the opinion of the Commissioner any surety on a bond has become unsatisfactory or unacceptable, the Commissioner shall require the licensee to file a new bond with satisfactory sureties in the same amount and, upon failure to do so, the Commissioner shall immediately revoke the license.

(d) If a licensee fails or refuses to increase the amount of a bond or file a bond as required by the Commissioner within 15 days after notice is mailed to the licensee, then the licensee's license shall be revoked immediately.
23 V.S.A. § 2026 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2026
§ 2026. Fee to accompany applications
Status: in_force

(a) An application for a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.

(b) An application for the naming of a lienholder or his or her assignee on a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 2001 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2001
§ 2001. Definitions
Status: reserved

Except when the context otherwise requires, as used in this chapter:

(1) “Dealer” means a person as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title.

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(3) “Identification number” means the numbers and letters, if any, on a vehicle designated by the Commissioner for the purpose of identifying the vehicle.

(4) “Lienholder” means a person holding a security interest in a vehicle.

(5) “Owner” for certificate of title purposes, means a person, other than a lienholder, having the property in or title to a vehicle. The term includes a person entitled to the use and possession of a vehicle subject to a security interest in another person, but excludes a lessee under a lease not intended as security.

(6) “Security agreement” means a written agreement that reserves or creates a security interest.

(7) “Security interest” means an interest in a vehicle reserved or created by agreement and that secures payment or performance of an obligation. The term includes the interest of a lessor under a lease intended as security. The term also includes a nonpossessory attachment issued by a court of competent jurisdiction within this State. The term also includes liens obtained by the Commissioner of Taxes pursuant to the provisions of Title 32. Notwithstanding subdivision 2041(2) of this title, the term also includes arrearage liens obtained by the Office of Child Support pursuant to the provisions of Title 15. A security interest is “perfected” when it is valid against third parties generally, subject only to specific statutory exceptions.

(8) “State” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a province of the Dominion of Canada.

(9) “Vehicle” means a motor vehicle as defined by section 4 of this title.

(10) “Manufacturer's or importer's certificate of origin” means the original written instrument or document required to be executed and delivered by the manufacturer to his or her agent or dealer, or a person purchasing direct from the manufacturer, certifying the origin of the vehicle.

(11) “Salvage dealer” means any person who, in a single year, purchases or in any manner acquires three motor vehicles as salvage or who scraps, dismantles, or destroys three motor vehicles in a single year.

(12) “Rebuilt motor vehicle” means a vehicle upon that a salvage certificate of title, parts-only certificate, or other document indicating the vehicle is not sold for re-registration purposes, has been issued and that has been rebuilt and restored for highway operation.

(13) “Salvaged motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle that has been purchased or otherwise acquired as salvage; scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed; or declared a total loss by an insurance company.

(14) “Totaled motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle that has been declared by an insurance company to be a total loss.

(15) “Title or certificate of title” means a written instrument or document that certifies ownership of a vehicle and is issued by the Commissioner or equivalent official of another jurisdiction. These terms do not include an exempt vehicle title.

(16) “Secure assignment of title” means a form prescribed by the Commissioner that must be used to transfer ownership of a titled vehicle if all space for assignments upon the title itself has been used.

(17) “Salvage certificate of title” means a title that is stamped or otherwise branded to indicate that the vehicle described thereon is a salvaged motor vehicle.

(18) “Time of sale or transfer” or “date of sale” means the date when physical delivery of the vehicle to the purchaser occurs.
23 V.S.A. § 1001 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1001
§ 1001. Rules
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may adopt rules:

(1) relating to motor vehicle equipment in all cases where its use is not defined in this title and whenever the use or nonuse, contrary to the rules, in the judgment of the Commissioner, may render the operation of the motor vehicle hazardous or unlawful;

(2) restricting or prohibiting the use of pictures, advertising matter, or other thing placed on or over any transparent part of a motor vehicle;

(3) relating to any other matter or thing that, in the Commissioner's judgment, may hinder or impede the operator in the safe and careful operation of a motor vehicle; and

(4) in explanation of and in addition to, but not inconsistent with, the provisions of this title concerning any matter or thing that, in the Commissioner's judgment, may render the operation of motor vehicles safer and lessen motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries or fatalities.

(b) The Commissioner may adopt rules uniform with the regulations of the federal agency having jurisdiction over motor vehicles subject to federal law so far as the rules are applicable to the vehicles or to vehicles of the same type not subject to federal law, or to both.

(c) The Commissioner shall adopt rules under this section only in accordance with 3 V.S.A. chapter 25.
23 V.S.A. § 1121 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1121
§ 1121. Coasting prohibited
Status: repealed

(a) [Repealed.]

(b) No driver of a motor truck or motor bus, when traveling upon a downgrade, shall coast with the clutch disengaged.
23 V.S.A. § 1243 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1243
§ 1243. Lights
Status: in_force

(a) A motor vehicle, except a motorcycle and motor-driven cycle, in use or at rest on a highway, unless otherwise provided, during the period from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise, shall also be equipped with at least two lighted head lamps of substantially the same intensity and with reflectors and lenses of a design approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and with a lighted tail or rear lamp of a design so approved. A motorcycle or motor-driven cycle may be operated during the period mentioned if equipped with at least one lighted head lamp and at least one lighted tail or rear lamp, both of a design approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. A sidecar attached to such motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall be equipped with a light on the right side of such sidecar visible from the front thereof. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle during the period mentioned unless it is equipped as defined in this section.

(b) Every vehicle upon a highway within this State, at any time from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons or vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 500 feet ahead, shall display lighted lamps and illuminating devices as respectively required for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles.

(c) Local ordinances adopted by the legislative bodies of municipalities govern within their respective municipalities with relation to the use of lights at night on motor vehicles at rest or in motion on well-lighted streets. Stop lights, turn signals, and other signaling devices shall be lighted as prescribed for their use.
23 V.S.A. § 672 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 672
§ 672. Suspending or revoking right of nonresident operator
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may suspend or revoke the right of any nonresident operator to operate a motor vehicle in this State for the same causes and under the same conditions and in the same manner that the Commissioner could suspend or revoke the license of any resident operator. Upon suspension or revocation, the right of the nonresident operator to operate any motor vehicle in this State shall terminate and the nonresident operator shall be subject to the same penalties as a resident operator who operates after the suspension or revocation of the resident operator's license.

(b) Whenever a nonresident operator has the nonresident operator's right to operate a motor vehicle in this State suspended or revoked, the Commissioner shall mail a copy of the notice of suspension or revocation as well as a copy of the court document resulting in the suspension or revocation to the state or province of residence or licensing.
23 V.S.A. § 3010 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3010
§ 3010. Temporary authorization
Status: in_force

Any vehicle registered in a jurisdiction other than Vermont that is eligible for motor fuel tax licensing under the International Fuel Tax Agreement Plan and that is not licensed in Vermont for fuel tax reporting purposes may obtain a trip permit prior to entering this State. The fee for the permit shall be $15.00. The permits shall be valid for a period of 72 hours and shall satisfy motor fuel tax reporting and payment obligations that may arise from the trip. Trip permits must be kept with the vehicle while being operated.
23 V.S.A. § 3505 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3505
§ 3505. Equipment
Status: in_force

(a) All all-terrain vehicles shall be equipped with one or more headlights, a red rear light all in working order, and brakes in good mechanical condition and be equipped with an efficient muffler and such other equipment and devices as may be required to meet the noise level specifications of subsection (b) of this section, and if equipped with a windshield, it shall be free from sharp or jagged edges. Lights shall be on during operation from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise.

(b) Subject to regulation by rule of the Commissioner, any all-terrain vehicles shall be equipped with a muffler system and such other equipment or devices that reduce maximum machine operating noise to a noise level of not more than 82 decibels on the A scale at 50 feet, in a normal operating environment.

(c) No person shall sell or offer to sell within the State of Vermont an all-terrain vehicle unless it complies with the sound requirements specified in subsection (b) of this section. No all-terrain vehicle shall be equipped in any manner that permits the operator to bypass the muffler system; no person shall sell or offer to sell at either wholesale or retail a replacement exhaust muffler system that will not meet or exceed the exhaust noise reduction capabilities of the all-terrain vehicle. In addition, any person selling or offering to sell an all-terrain vehicle or replacement muffler system, whether at wholesale or retail, shall include in the specifications precise information concerning the designed maximum sound levels of the all-terrain vehicle or replacement muffler system.

(d) This section and section 3504 of this title shall not apply to any all-terrain vehicle entered into a racing contest sponsored by a racing or all-terrain vehicle organization or association during the period the all-terrain vehicle is actually participating in or practicing or preparing for a racing event at an area especially provided for the purpose.

(e) The provisions of section 1222 of this title shall not apply to any all-terrain vehicle registered pursuant to this chapter.

(f) Every all-terrain vehicle shall be equipped with a U.S. Forest Service qualified spark arrester.
23 V.S.A. § 107 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 107
§ 107. Notice of hearings
Status: in_force

Notice of a hearing held by the Commissioner or the hearing officer under the provisions of sections 105 and 106 of this title shall state the place, day, and hour thereof, and warn the petitioner that he or she may then appear through himself, herself, or counsel. Service of such notice shall be sufficient if sent by first-class mail to the address given by the petitioner at least five days before the day set for the hearing.
23 V.S.A. § 1031 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1031
§ 1031. Driving to right
Status: in_force

(a) Upon all roadways of sufficient width, a vehicle shall be driven upon the right half of the roadway, except as follows:

(1) when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction under the rules governing such movement;

(2) when an obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the highway, provided any person so doing shall yield the right of way to all vehicles traveling in the proper direction upon the unobstructed portion of the highway within such distance as to constitute an immediate hazard;

(3) upon a roadway divided into three marked lanes for traffic under the rules applicable thereon; or

(4) upon a roadway restricted to one-way traffic.

(b) Upon all roadways, any vehicle proceeding at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall be driven in the right-hand lane then available for traffic, or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.

(c) Upon any roadway having four or more lanes for moving traffic and providing for two-way movement of traffic, no vehicle shall be driven to the left of the center line of the roadway, except when authorized by official traffic-control devices designating certain lanes to the left side of the center of the roadway for use by traffic not otherwise permitted to use such lanes, or except as permitted under subdivision (a)(2) of this section. However, this subsection shall not be construed as prohibiting the crossing of the center line in making a left turn into or from an intersecting highway, an alley, private road, or driveway when authorized.
23 V.S.A. § 2303 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 24 / Section 2303
§ 2303. Expungement of violation records
Status: in_force

(a) Expungement. Two years following the satisfaction of a judgment resulting from an adjudication or conviction of a violation identified in this subsection, the Judicial Bureau shall make an entry of “expunged” and notify the Department of Motor Vehicles of such action consistent with the data transfer policy between the Judicial Bureau and the Department. The data transfer to the Department shall include the name, date of birth, ticket number, offense, license number, and personal identifying number. The Judicial Bureau shall make the expungement entry pursuant to this section for the following violations:

(1) section 301 of this title (operating an unregistered vehicle);

(2) subsection 307(a) of this title (failing to possess registration);

(3) section 611 of this title (failing to possess license);

(4) subsection 676(a) of this title (operating after suspension);

(5) section 601 of this title (operating without a license);

(6) section 800 of this title (operating without insurance); and

(7) subsection 1222(c) of this title (operating an uninspected vehicle).

(b) Effect of expungement.

(1) Upon entry of an expungement order, the order shall be legally effective immediately and the individual whose record is expunged shall be treated in all respects as if he or she had never been convicted or adjudicated of the violation. This includes the expungement of any points accumulated pursuant to chapter 25 of this title.

(2) Upon an entry of expunged, the case will be accessible only by the Clerk of the Court for the Judicial Bureau or the Clerk's designee. Convictions or adjudications that have been expunged shall not appear in the results of any Judicial Bureau database search by name, date of birth, driver's license number, or any other data identifying the defendant. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, any documents or other records related to an expunged conviction or adjudication that are maintained outside the Judicial Bureau's case management system shall be destroyed.

(3) Upon receiving an inquiry from any person regarding an expunged record, the Judicial Bureau and Department of Motor Vehicles shall respond that “NO RECORD EXISTS.”

(c) Exception for research entities. Research entities that maintain conviction or adjudication records for purposes of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating criminal justice data shall not be subject to the expungement requirements established in this section. Research entities shall abide by the policies established by the Court Administrator and shall not disclose any identifying information from the records they maintain.

(d) Policies for implementation. The Court Administrator shall establish policies for implementing this section.

(e) Application. This section shall apply to motor vehicle violations that occur on and after July 1, 2021.
23 V.S.A. § 3320 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3320
§ 3320. Motorboats on Dufresne Dam waters prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) The use and operation of motorboats on the waters impounded by the Dufresne Dam, so-called, on the Battenkill River in the Town of Manchester is prohibited.

(b) The Department of Fish and Wildlife shall post notice of this section conspicuously at the boat launching areas at the Dufresne Dam impoundment.

(c) A person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $20.00 for each offense.
23 V.S.A. § 3829 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3829
§ 3829. Altering, forging, or counterfeiting certificates
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall with fraudulent intent:

(1) alter, forge, or counterfeit a certificate of title;

(2) alter or forge an assignment of a certificate of title, or an assignment or release of a security interest, on a certificate of title or a form the Commissioner prescribes;

(3) possess or use a certificate of title knowing it to have been altered, forged, or counterfeited; or

(4) use a false or fictitious name or address, or make a material false statement, or fail to disclose a security interest, or conceal any other material fact, in an application for a certificate of title or a duplicate certificate of title.

(b) A person convicted under this section shall be fined not less than $500.00 nor more than $5,000.00 or be imprisoned for not less than one year or for more than five years, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 3813 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3813
§ 3813. Withholding of certificate; bond required
Status: in_force

If the Commissioner is not satisfied as to the ownership of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle or that there are no undisclosed security interests in it, the Commissioner may register the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, but shall either:

(1) withhold issuance of a certificate of title until the applicant presents documents reasonably sufficient to satisfy the Commissioner as to the applicant's ownership of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and that there are no undisclosed security interests in it; or

(2) as a condition of issuing a certificate of title, require the applicant to file with the Commissioner a bond in the form prescribed by the Commissioner and executed by the applicant, and either accompanied by the deposit of cash with the Commissioner or also executed by a person authorized to conduct a surety business in this State. The bond shall be in an amount equal to one and one-half times the value of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as determined by the Commissioner and conditioned to indemnify any prior owner and lienholder and any subsequent purchaser of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle or person acquiring any security interest in it, and their respective successors in interest, against any expense, loss, or damage, including reasonable attorney's fees, by reason of the issuance of the certificate of title of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle or on account of any defect in or undisclosed security interest upon the right, title, and interest of the applicant in and to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle. Any such interested person has a right of action to recover on the bond for any breach of its conditions, but the aggregate liability of the surety to all persons shall not exceed the amount of the bond. The bond, and any deposit accompanying it, shall be returned at the end of three years or earlier if the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is no longer registered in this State and the currently valid certificate of title is surrendered to the Commissioner, unless the Commissioner has been notified of the pendency of an action to recover on the bond.
23 V.S.A. § 1391 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1391
§ 1391. Tire and axle limits
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a person or corporation shall not operate or cause to be operated a tractor, trailer, semi-trailer, motor truck, or any other motor vehicle without sufficient weight maintained upon the front axle of such vehicle to make such vehicle safe in operation, nor shall the maximum load on any axle of such vehicle exceed a gross weight of more than 600 pounds per inch of tire width computed in conformity with the manufacturer's designated width.

(b) No single axle load shall be in excess of 22,400 pounds and a 10 percent tolerance shall be allowed on each single axle load, nor shall any tandem axle load be in excess of 36,000 pounds, with a 10 percent tolerance allowed, except in the case of such vehicles owned by persons to whom special permits shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 1400 of this title.

(c) Unless federal law authorizes the axle load limits, tolerances, or both, provided for in subsection (b) of this section to apply on those highways designated as the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, no single axle load on those highways shall be in excess of 20,000 pounds with no tolerance allowed, nor shall any tandem axle load be in excess of 34,000 pounds, with no tolerance allowed, except in the case of vehicles owned by persons to whom special permits have been issued in accordance with section 1400 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1221a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1221a
§ 1221a. Defective equipment warning
Status: in_force

The operator of a motor vehicle who receives a ticket for inoperative lights shall not be required to pay the civil penalty associated with the ticket provided that within 72 hours after receiving the ticket the issuing department receives proof that the defect has been repaired.
23 V.S.A. § 1023 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1023
§ 1023. Pedestrian-control signals
Status: in_force

Whenever special pedestrian-control signals exhibiting the words “Walk” or “Don't Walk” are in place, the signals indicate as follows:

(1) “Walk”: pedestrians facing the signal may proceed across the roadway in the direction of the signal and shall be given the right of way by all drivers.

(2) “Don't Walk”: no pedestrian shall start to cross the roadway in the direction of the signal, but any pedestrian who has begun his or her crossing on the “Walk” signal shall proceed to a sidewalk or a safety island while the “Don't Walk” signal is showing.
23 V.S.A. § 634 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 634
§ 634. Fee for examination
Status: in_force

(a) The fee for an examination for a learner's permit shall be $39.00. The fee for an examination to obtain an operator's license when the applicant is required to pass an examination pursuant to section 632 of this title shall be $23.00. The fee for a motorcycle skill test to obtain a motorcycle endorsement shall be $23.00.

(b)(1) Beginning on or before July 1, 2026, a scheduling fee of $29.00 shall be paid by the applicant before the applicant may schedule the road test required under section 632 of this title.

(2) If the applicant does not appear as scheduled, the $29.00 scheduling fee shall be forfeited, unless either:

(A) the applicant gives the Department at least 48 hours' notice; or

(B) the applicant shows good cause for the cancellation, as determined by the Commissioner.

(3) If the applicant appears for the scheduled road test, the fee shall be applied toward the license examination fee.

(c) The Department of Motor Vehicles shall not implement any procedures or processes for identifying applicants for licenses, learner permits, or nondriver identification cards that involve the use of biometric identifiers. Pursuant to the provisions of 49 U.S.C. § 31308, this subsection shall not apply to applicants for commercial driver licenses or endorsements on these licenses.
23 V.S.A. § 1749 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1749
§ 1749. Penalty
Status: in_force

(a) The penalty that may be voluntarily paid by any individual violating any ordinance regulating metered parking in the town shall be $1.00. For other violations involving parking, a penalty not to exceed $5.00 for the first violation and not to exceed $15.00 for the second or subsequent violation within 30 days after the penalty for a previous violation is due. Other violations of the ordinances of the town shall be punished in the manner prescribed by law.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, an individual violating a parking ordinance for individuals with disabilities may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00 for each violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1397 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1397
§ 1397. Weight limit signs
Status: in_force

(a) When the weight limit on a highway or bridge has been adjusted by the Secretary of Transportation, the selectboard of a town, the trustees of an incorporated village, or the city council of a city, as to the legal load limit, then the Secretary, selectboard, trustees, or city council shall have each restricted highway or bridge posted for the legal load limit permitted. The notices shall be of a permanent nature and shall be placed at each end of each restricted highway in each town, village, or city affected or on the approaches to each restricted bridge. The notices shall state the legal load limit permitted to be operated over the highway or bridge.

(b) The notices specified in subsection (a) of this section may be omitted when the restricted highway is a class 4 town highway or a class 3 town highway serving only one residence.
23 V.S.A. § 3031 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3031
§ 3031. Lien fees
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding 32 V.S.A. § 502, the Commissioner may charge against any collection of liability any related lien filing fees specified in 32 V.S.A. § 1671(a)(6) or § 1671(c) paid by the Commissioner. Fees collected under this section shall be credited to a special fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5, and shall be available as payment for the fees of the clerk of the municipality.
23 V.S.A. § 3109 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3109
§ 3109. Failure to file a report or pay the tax when due; penalty
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who fails to file a report when due shall pay a fee of $10.00 as partial compensation for the added administrative costs.

(b) In addition to the fee prescribed in subsection (a) of this section, any person who fails to pay any tax when due shall pay in addition to the tax interest calculated at one and one-half percent per month on the tax from the due date, until paid. In addition, if the taxpayer fails to pay the tax liability in full within 30 days, a penalty equal to five percent of the outstanding tax liability for each month or portion of a month shall be paid; provided, however, that in no event shall the amount of the penalty imposed exceed 25 percent of the tax liability unpaid on the prescribed date of payment. The Commissioner may remit all or any part of the penalty if he or she is satisfied that the delay was excusable.
23 V.S.A. § 1437 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1437
§ 1437. Exception for towaway trailer transporter combination
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section:

(1) “Towaway trailer transporter combination” means a combination of vehicles consisting of a trailer transporter towing unit and two trailers or semitrailers with a total weight that does not exceed 26,000 pounds and in which the trailers or semitrailers carry no property and constitute inventory property of a manufacturer, distributor, or dealer of such trailers or semitrailers.

(2) “Trailer transporter towing unit” means a power unit that is not used to carry property when operating in a towaway trailer transporter combination.

(b) Notwithstanding sections 1391-1398 of this title, a towaway trailer transporter combination may be operated on the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, those classes of qualifying Federal-aid Primary System highways as designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and on highways leading to or from the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways for a distance of one mile or less without a permit if the overall length does not exceed 82 feet unless the Vermont Secretary of Transportation finds the use of a specific highway to be unsafe.
23 V.S.A. § 1093 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1093
§ 1093. Smoke screen device
Status: in_force

No person may operate, or permit to be operated, a motor vehicle that is equipped with any special device or contrivance, subject to the control of the operator, designed to give off a smoke screen, so-called, or designed to impede or hinder any law enforcement officer, in the discharge of his or her duties.
23 V.S.A. § 3103 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3103
§ 3103. Discontinuance, revocation, and reinstatement of licenses
Status: in_force

(a) When any person ceases to be a licensee by reason of a discontinuance, sale, or transfer of his or her business at any location, he or she shall notify the Commissioner in writing by mail at the time the discontinuance, sale, or transfer takes effect. The notice shall give the date of discontinuance and, in the event of a sale or transfer of the business, the name and address of the purchaser or transferee. All taxes, interest, and penalties not yet due and payable under the provisions of this chapter shall be due and payable, notwithstanding those provisions, concurrently with the discontinuance, sale, or transfer. The licensee shall mail a report and simultaneously pay all taxes, interest, penalties, and other expenses due by him or her and surrender to the Commissioner the license certificate issued to him or her together with all duplicates and copies. Until the notice has been mailed to the Commissioner by a licensee, the seller and his or her surety shall be liable for the taxes, interest, penalties, and other expenses accruing against the transferee, but only to the extent of the value of the property transferred.

(b) The Commissioner may suspend or revoke the license, the right to operate any vehicle, and any registrations of a person who fails to comply with any provision of this chapter or any rule adopted pursuant to this chapter. The suspension or revocation shall be effective upon not less than 15 days' notice unless within those 15 days the licensee mails a written request for a hearing to show cause why the suspension or revocation should not become effective.

(c) The Commissioner may reinstate a suspended license or issue a new license at any time upon satisfaction by the licensee of the delinquency for which the license was revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 460 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 460
§ 460. Dealer's use of temporary plates restricted
Status: in_force

A dealer shall not use, attach, or issue temporary number plates except as provided in sections 458, 459, and 463 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 842 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 842
§ 842. Insurer or surety as co-defendant
Status: in_force

The insurer or surety may be made co-defendant with the owner of such jitney in an action for such injury, death, or property damage.
23 V.S.A. § 3910 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3910
§ 3910. Construction and severability-Article IX
Status: in_force

This compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate its purposes. The provisions of this compact shall be severable; and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any party state or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person, or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder to this compact and the applicability to any government, agency, person, or circumstance shall not be affected. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any party state, the compact shall remain in effect as to the remaining states and in effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters.
23 V.S.A. § 3836 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3836
§ 3836. Records; inspection
Status: in_force

(a) Each person who purchases or in any manner acquires a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as salvage shall keep and maintain for a period of not less than five years such records as may be prescribed by the Commissioner that are reasonably necessary to substantiate the information contained in the application required by sections 3833 and 3835 of this title. These records shall include parts and accessories obtained and used for the repair or rebuilding, or both, of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, and such financial records that will allow the Commissioner to determine if the person qualifies to become or remain licensed as a “salvage dealer.”

(b) The Commissioner, or his or her agents, may inspect and examine the books, records, premises, and vehicles on the premises of any salvage dealer during the usual business hours of the day to verify the truth and accuracy of any information furnished in connection with the provisions of this section and section 3833 of this chapter.

(c) Any salvage dealer who in any manner receives a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle that does not have a plate attached to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle bearing the vehicle identification number shall notify the Commissioner in writing that such a vessel, snowmobile, or all terrain vehicle has been received within seven days.
23 V.S.A. § 2011 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2011
§ 2011. Certificate of origin
Status: in_force

When a new vehicle is delivered in this State by the manufacturer to his or her agent or his or her franchised dealer, the manufacturer shall execute and deliver to his or her agent or his or her franchised dealer a certificate of origin in the form prescribed by the Commissioner, and no person shall bring into this State any new vehicle unless he or she has in his or her possession the certificate of origin as prescribed by the Commissioner. The certificate of origin shall contain the manufacturer's vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle, the name of the manufacturer, the make of the vehicle, the model year, number of cylinders, a general description of the body, if any, and the type of model. When a new vehicle is sold in this State, the manufacturer, his or her agent, or his or her franchised dealer shall execute and deliver to the purchaser, in case of an absolute sale, assignment of the certificate of origin or if other than absolute sale, assignment of the certificate of origin subject to contract, signed or executed by the manufacturer, his or her agent, or his or her dealer, with the genuine names and business or residence addresses of both stated thereon, and certified to have been executed with full knowledge of the contents and with the consent of both purchaser and seller. For good cause shown, the Commissioner may accept any other satisfactory evidence of the information required under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 459 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 459
§ 459. Notice, application, and fees to Commissioner
Status: in_force

(a) Upon issuing a number plate, a temporary number plate, or a temporary decal to a purchaser, a dealer shall have 15 calendar days, or up to 30 calendar days as applicable pursuant to subsection 2015(b) of this title, to forward to the Commissioner the application and fee, deposited with the dealer by the purchaser, together with notice of such issue and such other information as the Commissioner may require.

(b) If a number plate with a temporary registration plate or a temporary decal is not issued by a dealer in connection with the sale or exchange of a vehicle or motorboat, the dealer may accept from the purchaser a properly executed registration, tax, and title application and the required fees for transmission to the Commissioner. The dealer shall have 15 calendar days, or up to 30 calendar days as applicable pursuant to subsection 2015(b) of this title, to forward to the Commissioner the application and fee together with such other information as the Commissioner may require.
23 V.S.A. § 2151 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2151
§ 2151. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter:

(1)(A) “Abandoned motor vehicle” means:

(i) a motor vehicle that has remained on public or private property or on or along a highway for more than 48 hours without the consent of the owner or person in control of the property and has a valid registration plate or public vehicle identification number that has not been removed, destroyed, or altered; or

(ii) a motor vehicle that has remained on public or private property or on or along a highway without the consent of the owner or person in control of the property for any period of time if:

(I) the vehicle does not have a valid registration plate or the public vehicle identification number has been removed, destroyed, or altered; or

(II) a law enforcement officer has requested that the vehicle be removed by a towing business.

(B) “Abandoned motor vehicle” does not include a vehicle or other equipment used or to be used in construction or in the operation or maintenance of highways or public utility facilities, which is left in a manner that does not interfere with the normal movement of traffic.

(2) “Landowner” means a person who owns or leases or otherwise has authority to control use of real property.

(3) “Law enforcement officer” means a State Police officer, municipal police officer, motor vehicle inspector, Capitol Police officer, constable, sheriff, or deputy sheriff certified by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council under 20 V.S.A. § 2358.

(4) “Motor vehicle” means all vehicles propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power that have, or could have, one or more of the following:

(A) a registration plate, registration decal, or certificate of number;

(B) a public vehicle identification number; or

(C) a certificate of title.

(5) “Public vehicle identification number” means the public vehicle identification number that is usually visible through the windshield and attached to the driver's side of the dashboard, instrument panel, or windshield pillar post or on the doorjamb on the driver's side of the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3102 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3102
§ 3102. Licensing and bonding of distributors
Status: in_force

(a) Before commencing business, on application, a distributor shall first procure a license from the Commissioner permitting him or her to continue or to engage in business as a distributor. Before the Commissioner issues a license, the distributor shall file with the Commissioner a surety bond in a form and with sureties as the Commissioner may require for a sum based on an estimate of the tax liability for a two-month period, but not to exceed $700,000.00, conditioned upon the issuance of the report and the payment of the tax, penalties, and fines provided in this subchapter. Upon approval of the application and bond, the Commissioner shall issue to the distributor a nonassignable license that shall continue in force until surrendered or revoked.

(b)(1) The amount of the surety bonds required shall be reviewed annually in September. If the Commissioner retains or reimposes a bond requirement, the amount required shall be the sum of the highest two months' payment during the preceding year or $1,000.00, whichever is greater, but in no case shall it exceed $700,000.00.

(2) A distributor may request release or reduction of the bond if the distributor has complied with all licensing and reporting requirements for at least the last three consecutive years. If the Commissioner determines that release or reduction of the bond will not unreasonably jeopardize State revenues, the bond shall be released or reduced, notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection. Upon a finding to the contrary, the Commissioner shall retain the bond. If a bond is released or reduced under this subdivision, the Commissioner may reimpose a bond or increase the bond in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection if he or she determines that a material change in circumstances has occurred and State revenues will be unreasonably jeopardized without the reimposition or increase. A distributor aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner to retain, reimpose, or increase a bond may request a hearing, which shall be conducted in accordance with sections 105-107 of this title, and appeals shall be governed by section 3115 of this chapter.

(c) Notwithstanding the limits established in subsection (b) of this section, if payments and reports are delinquent for more than 10 days for more than one reporting period in a calendar year, the bond amount shall be increased to be the sum of the tax liability for the highest four months of the year. A distributor aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner to increase the bond under this subsection may request a hearing, which shall be conducted in accordance with sections 105-107 of this title, and appeals shall be governed by section 3115 of this chapter.

(d) All distributors shall mail financial statements to the Commissioner on an annual basis. If the distributor does not wish to submit a financial statement, a bond in the amount established in accordance with subsection (c) of this section shall be required.

(e) As used in this section, the term surety bond may also include, in the discretion of the Commissioner as to the best interests of the State, other good and sufficient surety instead of a bond.
23 V.S.A. § 1057 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1057
§ 1057. Duty toward persons who are blind
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a pedestrian is crossing or attempting to cross a public street or highway, guided by a guide dog or carrying in a raised or extended position a cane or walking stick, white in color or white tipped with red, the driver of every vehicle approaching the intersection, or place where the pedestrian is attempting to cross, shall bring his or her vehicle to a full stop before arriving at the intersection or place of crossing and before proceeding shall take such precautions as may be necessary to avoid injuring the pedestrian.

(b) It is unlawful for any person, unless totally or partially blind or otherwise having a severe visual disability, while on any public street or highway, to carry in a raised or extended position a cane or walking stick that is white in color or white tipped with red.

(c) Nothing in this section deprives any person who is totally or partially blind or otherwise has a severe visual disability, not carrying a cane or walking stick and not being guided by a dog, of the rights and privileges conferred by law upon pedestrians crossing streets or highways, and the failure of any person who is totally or partially blind or otherwise has a severe visual disability to carry a cane or walking stick, or to be guided by a guide dog upon streets, highways, or sidewalks within this State, does not constitute and is not evidence of contributory negligence.
23 V.S.A. § 1141a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1141a
§ 1141a. Electric personal assistive mobility devices (EPAMD); required equipment; operation
Status: in_force

(a) Equipment. An electric personal assistive mobility device shall be equipped as follows:

(1) with front, rear, and side reflectors;

(2) with a system that will enable the operator to bring the device to a controlled stop; and

(3) if the device is operated between one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise, with a lamp emitting a white light that, while the device is in motion, shall illuminate the area in front of the operator.

(b) Rights and duties of operator. The operator of an EPAMD shall have the rights and duties of pedestrians as set forth in chapter 13, subchapter 5 of this title.

(c) Hazardous materials. No person shall carry or transport on an EPAMD any hazardous materials as defined in 5 V.S.A. § 2001. Civil penalties imposed for violations of this subsection shall be in accordance with civil penalties imposed for violations of 5 V.S.A. § 2001.

(d) Municipal authority. Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of a municipality under the provisions of 24 V.S.A. § 2291(1), (4), and (5) to regulate the use and operation of EPAMDs.
23 V.S.A. § 2012 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2012
§ 2012. Exempted vehicles
Status: in_force

No certificate of title need be obtained for:

(1) a vehicle owned by the United States, unless it is registered in this State;

(2) a vehicle owned by a manufacturer or dealer and held for sale, even though incidentally moved on the highway or used for purposes of testing or demonstration, or used by an educational institution approved by the Agency of Education for driver training purposes, or a vehicle used by a manufacturer solely for testing;

(3) a vehicle owned by a nonresident of this State and not required by law to be registered in this State;

(4) a vehicle regularly engaged in the interstate transportation of persons or property for which a currently effective certificate of title has been issued in another state;

(5) a self-propelled wheelchair or invalid tricycle;

(6) a motorcycle that has less than 300 cubic centimeters of engine displacement or a motorcycle powered by electricity with less than 20 kilowatts of engine power;

(7) any trailer with an unladened weight of 1,500 pounds or less;

(8) a motor-driven cycle;

(9) any other type of vehicle designed primarily for off-highway use and deemed exempt by the Commissioner; or

[Subdivision (10) effective January 1, 2024; see also subdivision (10) effective upon contingency being met set out below]

(10) a vehicle that is more than 15 years old on January 1, 2024 that has been registered in Vermont and has not had a change in ownership since January 1, 2024.

[Subdivision (10) effective upon contingency being met; see also subdivision (10) effective January 1, 2024 set out above]

(10) a vehicle that is more than 15 years old on January 1, 2024.
23 V.S.A. § 612 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 612
§ 612. Restricted license
Status: in_force

When issuing or reinstating the license of an operator, the Commissioner may restrict the privileges granted by such license to the operating of one or more specified motor vehicles or in such other manner as the Commissioner may deem best, and such restriction shall be endorsed on the license certificate. A person holding a restricted license shall not operate a motor vehicle except as permitted in such restriction.
23 V.S.A. § 711 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 711
§ 711. Penalties
Status: in_force

Any person who operates a driver training school or acts as an instructor without a license shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $500.00.
23 V.S.A. § 363 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 363
§ 363. Converted motor vehicle
Status: in_force

When a motor vehicle of the pleasure car type is built over or converted into a motor vehicle designed for carrying merchandise or freight, such motor vehicle shall be registered at the pleasure car rate or at the truck rate as the Commissioner may, in the Commissioner's discretion, determine.
23 V.S.A. § 1106 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1106
§ 1106. Limitations on use of State highway facilities
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section, “State highway facility” means a State highway rest area, picnic ground, parking area, or park-and-ride facility.

(b) No individual shall enter or remain on any State highway facility for the purpose of overnight camping unless the particular facility has been designated for that purpose by the Traffic Committee.

(c)(1) On the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation or findings as to adverse effects on the quiet enjoyment and property values of persons living adjacent to a State highway facility, the Traffic Committee may designate the size and types of vehicles allowed to park in a State highway facility or in particular areas of a State highway facility.

(2) In addition, the Secretary may prescribe special restrictions related to parking of plug-in electric vehicles in designated areas of a State highway facility.

(d) Notice of the prohibitions or restrictions under this section shall be posted at the affected facilities by regulatory signs conforming to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.