16 V.S.A. § 4025 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4025
§ 4025. Education Fund
Status: repealed

(a) The Education Fund is established to comprise the following:

(1) all revenue paid to the State from the statewide education tax on nonhomestead and homestead property under 32 V.S.A. chapter 135;

[Subdivision (a)(2) effective until contingency met; see also subdivision (a)(2) effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met, set out below.]

(2) [Repealed.]

[Subdivision (a)(2) effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met; see also subdivision (a)(2) effective until contingency met, set out above.]

(2) all revenue paid to the State from the supplemental district spending tax imposed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 5402(f);

(3) revenues from State lotteries under 31 V.S.A. chapter 14 and from any multijurisdictional lottery game authorized under that chapter;

(4) 25 percent of the revenues from the meals and rooms taxes imposed under 32 V.S.A. chapter 225;

(5) one-third of the revenues raised from the purchase and use tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 219, notwithstanding 19 V.S.A. § 11(1);

(6) revenues raised from the sales and use tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 233;

(7) Medicaid reimbursement funds pursuant to subsection 2959a(f) of this title.

(8) land use change tax revenue deposited pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 3757(d);

(9) uniform capacity tax revenue deposited pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 8701(b)(3);

(10) wind-powered electric generating facilities tax deposited pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 5402c; and

(11) revenues from the short-term rental surcharge under 32 V.S.A. § 9301.

(b) Monies in the Education Fund shall be used for the following:

(1) To make payments to school districts and supervisory unions for the support of education in accordance with the provisions of section 4028 of this title, other provisions of this chapter, the provisions of 32 V.S.A. chapter 135, and the Flexible Pathways Initiative established by section 941 of this title, but excluding adult education and literacy programs under section 945 of this title.

(2) To cover the cost of fund auditing, accounting, revenue collection, and of short-term borrowing to meet fund cash flow requirements.

[Subdivision (b)(3) effective until contingency met; see also subdivision (b)(3) effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met, set out below.]

(3) To make payments required under 32 V.S.A. § 6066(a)(1) and only that portion attributable to education taxes, as determined by the Commissioner of Taxes, of payments required under 32 V.S.A. § 6066(a)(3). The State Treasurer shall withdraw funds from the Education Fund upon warrants issued by the Commissioner of Finance and Management based on information supplied by the Commissioner of Taxes. The Commissioner of Finance and Management may draw warrants for disbursements from the Fund in anticipation of receipts. All balances in the Fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward and remain a part of the Fund. Interest accruing from the Fund shall remain in the Fund.

[Subdivision (b)(3) effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met; see also subdivision (b)(3) effective until contingency met, set out above.]

(3) The State Treasurer shall withdraw funds from the Education Fund upon warrants issued by the Commissioner of Finance and Management based on information supplied by the Commissioner of Taxes. The Commissioner of Finance and Management may draw warrants for disbursements from the Fund in anticipation of receipts. All balances in the Fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward and remain a part of the Fund. Interest accruing from the Fund shall remain in the Fund.

(4) To make payments to the Vermont Teachers' Retirement Fund and the Retired Teachers' Health and Medical Benefits Fund for the normal contributions in accordance with subsections 1944(c) and 1994b(h) of this title.

(5) To make payments for contracted services to support statewide administrative education systems, including the costs of the statewide school finance and financial management data system to complete the reporting required by subdivision 242(4) of this title and pursuant to 2018 (Sp. Sess.) Acts and Resolves No. 11, Sec. E.500.1.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) Upon withdrawal of funds from the Education Fund for any purpose other than those authorized by this section, 32 V.S.A. chapter 135 (education property tax) is repealed.
16 V.S.A. § 570l — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 570l
§ 570l. Criminal prosecution and civil action
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter shall limit or preclude a criminal prosecution or any criminal or civil action based on any act that may constitute hazing.
16 V.S.A. § 2105 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 61 / Section 2105
§ 2105. Dispute resolution
Status: in_force

(a)(1) If the Commission is unable to reach agreement by August 1, the Commission shall meet with the fact finder selected pursuant to section 2104 of this chapter not later than August 15.

(2) The fact finder may schedule and hold additional meetings with the Commission as necessary. The Commission shall furnish the fact finder with all records, papers, and information in its possession pertaining to any matter remaining in dispute.

(3) The fact finder shall, before issuing his or her decision, attempt to mediate the matters remaining in dispute.

(4) If the mediation fails to produce an agreement, the fact finder shall, on or before September 15, submit a written report to the Commission recommending a reasonable basis for the settlement of the matters remaining in dispute.

(b)(1) If the Commission is unable to resolve all matters remaining in dispute within 30 days after receiving the fact finder's report, the Commission shall submit the matters remaining in dispute to the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators selected pursuant to section 2104 of this chapter for resolution.

(2) The representatives of school employees and the representatives of school employers shall submit to the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators their last best offer on all issues remaining in dispute prior to the VLRB or arbitration hearing. The VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall select one of the last best offers without amendment, submitted by the parties prior to the VLRB or arbitration hearing in its entirety without amendment. The parties shall not be permitted to modify their last best offers post hearing. Prior to the issuance of the decision of the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators, nothing shall prohibit the parties from settling the matters in dispute.

(3)(A) The VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall hold a hearing on or before November 15 at which the Commission members shall submit all relevant evidence, documents, and written material, including a cost estimate for the term of the proposal with a breakdown of costs borne by employers and costs borne by employees, and each member may submit oral or written testimony in support of his or her position on any undecided issue that is subject to arbitration.

(B) In reaching a decision, the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall give weight to the evidence, documents, written material, and arguments presented, as well as the following factors:

(i) the interests and welfare of the public;

(ii) the financial ability of the Education Fund and school districts across the State to pay for the costs of health care benefits and coverage;

(iii) comparisons of the health care benefits of school employees with the health care benefits of similar employees in the public and private sectors in Vermont;

(iv) the average consumer prices for goods and services commonly known as the cost of living; and

(v) prior and existing health care benefits and coverage for school employees.

(4) The VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall issue a written decision within 30 days after the hearing, providing a full explication of the basis for the decision. The decision of the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall be final and binding upon the Commission and all school employees and school employers. The decision shall not be subject to ratification.

(5) Upon the petition of a majority of the employer or the employee members within not more than 15 days following the VLRB or arbitration decision, the Vermont Supreme Court, in the case of a VLRB decision, or a Superior Court in the case of an arbitration decision, shall vacate the decision if:

(A) it was procured by corruption, fraud, or other undue means;

(B) there was evident partiality or prejudicial misconduct by the VLRB or arbitrator or by individual members of the VLRB or arbitration panel;

(C) the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators exceeded its or their power or rendered a decision requiring a person to commit an act or engage in conduct prohibited by law; or

(D) there is an absence of substantial evidence on the record as a whole to support the decision.

(6) At any time prior to the issuance of a decision by the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators, the Commission may notify the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators of any additional issues on which a majority of the representatives of school employees and of the representatives of school employers have reached agreement.

(7) If any provision of this subsection is inconsistent with any other provision of law governing arbitration, this subsection shall govern.

(c) The VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators shall have the authority to address complaints that either party has engaged in or is engaging in unfair bargaining practices, including a refusal to bargain in good faith. If the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators find upon a preponderance of the evidence that a party has engaged in or is engaging in any unfair bargaining practice, the VLRB, arbitrator, or arbitrators may include in the decision a remedy for the unfair bargaining practice that is consistent with the provisions of 21 V.S.A. § 1727(d).
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.15a — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 1.15a
App. § 1-15a. Statutory purposes
Status: in_force

The statutory purpose of the exemption for the University of Vermont in section 1-15 of this chapter is to allow institutions providing higher education to deploy more of their financial resources to their educational missions.
16 V.S.A. § 111 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 1 / Section 111
§ 111. Purpose of Council
Status: in_force

In order to increase the opportunities for Vermonters and visitors to Vermont to view, enjoy, and participate in the visual and performing arts, a group of people devoted to the practices of architecture, painting, sculpture, photography, music, dance, drama, crafts, literature, and other related arts have formed the Vermont Council on the Arts, Inc. (Council). The Council is a nonprofit organization formed for the purpose of coordinating and encouraging schools, organizations, and individuals in their several artistic and cultural activities.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 23.06 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 23 / Section 23.06
App. § 23-6. Additional revenue sources
Status: in_force

The Board of School Trustees is hereby authorized to apply for, accept, and expend additional funds not included in the annual budget on behalf of the District from whatever sources, except local taxation, without further action of the District.
16 V.S.A. § 471 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 471
§ 471. Application of other laws
Status: in_force

(a) The provisions of this title relating to the administration and maintenance of public schools; to school meetings and voting; to grand lists; to the raising and expending of school monies; to monies apportioned by the State Board; to sharing in other State aid; to the election, appointment, powers, duties, and liabilities of school officers; to elementary and higher instruction; to transportation, board, and attendance of students; to truancy and truant officers; to furnishing of textbooks and appliances; and to all other matters pertaining to schools in a town district, unless otherwise provided, and if not inconsistent with the rights granted by their charters, shall apply to schools maintained, similar school officers, and all matters pertaining to schools in incorporated school districts.

(b) An incorporated school district, if it is so voted at an annual or special meeting duly warned for that purpose, may elect to be governed by any one or more provisions of this title in lieu of any inconsistent provisions of special legislation relating to such district. Provisions of this title adopted by a district shall continue to apply unless the vote is rescinded at an annual or special meeting duly warned for that purpose.
16 V.S.A. § 756 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / Section 756
§ 756. Union district meetings conducted from the floor
Status: in_force

(a) Not later than the close of business on the day before the meeting, the town clerk of each member district of a union elementary or union high school district shall furnish to the union district clerk, at the expense of the union district, authenticated copies of the checklist of legal voters within the member district as the checklist appears after revisions are made pursuant to 17 V.S.A. §§ 2141–2150 (registration of voters). The checklist shall control for purposes of determining voter eligibility in the union elementary or union high school district.

(b) During the annual or special meeting, one or more members of each town's board of civil authority shall assist the union district clerk to determine voter eligibility and to supervise voting during the meeting.

(c) Votes cast at an annual or special meeting shall be commingled and shall not be counted according to the town in which a voter resides.

(d) The provisions of this section shall apply to all votes of the electorate in a union elementary or union high school district that do not proceed by Australian ballot; provided, however:

(1) They shall not apply if Vermont statute explicitly permits or requires a different method for a specific type of question presented to the voters.

(2) They shall not apply to a vote warned pursuant to subsection 755(f) (warnings of union elementary and union high school district meetings; members elected under proportional to town population model and by floor vote) of this chapter.

(e) If a person who resides in a member district and is otherwise eligible to vote at a union elementary or union high school district meeting has not maintained residence in the member district for the requisite number of days but resided in another member district of the union elementary or union high school district for the requisite number of days, then the town clerk of the member district in which the person currently resides shall enter such person's name on the checklist of legal voters if the person presents to that town clerk a certificate signed by the town clerk of the member district in which the person formally resided confirming that the person lived within the union elementary or union high school district for the requisite number of days.
16 V.S.A. § 2048 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 59 / Section 2048
§ 2048. Effect and withdrawal-Article VIII
Status: in_force

1. This Agreement shall become effective when enacted into law by two States. Thereafter it shall become effective as to any State upon its enactment of this Agreement.

2. Any party State may withdraw from this Agreement by enacting a statute repealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year after the Governor of the withdrawing State has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the Governors of all other party States.

3. No withdrawal shall relieve the withdrawing State of any obligation imposed upon it by a contract to which it is a party. The duration of contracts and the methods and conditions of withdrawal therefrom shall be those specified in their terms.
16 V.S.A. § 835 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / Section 835
§ 835. Lemington, Bloomfield, Brunswick, Granby, Guildhall, and Maidstone; tuitioning of elementary students
Status: in_force

The Lemington, Bloomfield, Brunswick, Granby, Guildhall, and Maidstone school districts may provide for the elementary education of the students residing in their districts by paying tuition to public elementary schools in the State of New Hampshire. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 823 of this title, school districts affected by this section shall pay the full tuition charged by a public elementary school in New Hampshire.
16 V.S.A. § 114 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 1 / Section 114
§ 114. Revolving loan fund
Status: in_force

There is established for the Council on the Arts a revolving loan fund of $3,000.00 to enable needy persons and groups to purchase supplies useful in their art or craft. Funds may be loaned under terms and conditions of repayment as the Council directs, and the Council may adjust or forgive any amount owed to the fund. The Council shall repay all amounts so adjusted or forgiven from its general appropriation.
16 V.S.A. § 242 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 242
§ 242. Duties of superintendents
Status: in_force

The superintendent shall be the chief executive officer for the supervisory union board and for each school board within the supervisory union, and shall:

(1) Carry out the policies adopted by the school boards relating to the educational or business affairs of the school district or supervisory union, and develop procedures to do so.

(2) Prepare, for adoption by a local school board, plans to achieve the educational goals and objectives established by the school district.

(3)(A) Nominate a candidate for employment by the school district or supervisory union if the vacant position requires a licensed employee; provided, if the appropriate board declines to hire a candidate, then the superintendent shall nominate a new candidate;

(B) select nonlicensed employees to be employed by the district or supervisory union; and

(C) dismiss licensed and nonlicensed employees of a school district or the supervisory union as necessary, subject to all procedural and other protections provided by contract, collective bargaining agreement, or provision of State and federal law.

(4)(A) Provide data and information required by the Secretary and by using a format approved by the Secretary to:

(i) Report budgetary data for the subsequent school year and fiscal year.

(ii) Report all financial operations within the supervisory union to the Secretary and State Board for the preceding school year on or before August 15 of each year.

(iii) Report all financial operations for each member school district to the Secretary and State Board for the preceding school year on or before August 15 of each year.

(B) Prepare for each district an itemized report detailing the portion of the proposed supervisory union budget for which the district would be assessed for the subsequent school year identifying the component costs by category and explaining the method by which the district's share for each cost was calculated; and provide the report to each district at least 14 days before a budget, including the supervisory union assessment, is voted on by the electorate of the district.

(5) Work with the school boards of the member districts to develop and implement policies regarding minimum and optimal average class sizes for regular and career technical education classes. The policies may be supervisory union-wide, may be course- or grade-specific, and may reflect differences among school districts due to geography or other factors.

(6) Arrange for the provision of the professional training required in subsection 561(b) of this title.

(7) Provide for the general supervision of the public schools in the supervisory union or district.
16 V.S.A. § 2173 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 72 / Section 2173
§ 2173. Board of Trustees; organization
Status: in_force

In addition to the 14 elected and appointed trustees, the Board of Trustees shall include as a member the Governor of Vermont. A majority of the trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Biennially, the Board shall elect one of its voting members to serve as its chair.
16 V.S.A. § 2945 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 101 / Section 2945
§ 2945. State Advisory Panel on Special Education
Status: in_force

(a) The State Advisory Panel on Special Education (Panel) is created to provide guidance with respect to special education and related services for children with disabilities in the State. Members of the Panel shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice of the Secretary of Education. The Panel shall perform its duties, and members of the Panel shall be appointed, in accordance with federal law. In addition to members appointed to the Panel to satisfy the requirements under federal law, the members of the Panel shall include a representative of each body designated by the State under federal law as the Parent Training and Information Center and the Protection and Advocacy System. The total number of members on the Panel shall not exceed 37 members.

(b) The Panel shall elect an executive committee from among its members. The executive committee shall be composed of seven members of the Panel, one of whom shall be the chair of the Panel. A majority of the members of the executive committee shall be individuals with disabilities or parents of children with disabilities (ages birth through 26 years of age). The executive committee shall call meetings of the Panel and shall direct the work of the Panel.

(c) The Panel shall advise both the Agency of Education and the State Board of Education on those matters upon which the Panel is required, under federal law, to advise the State Education Agency.

(d) Members of the Panel shall be entitled to per diem compensation and reimbursement of expenses as permitted under 32 V.S.A. § 1010.
16 V.S.A. § 583 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 583
§ 583. Student use of cell phones and personal electronic devices in schools
Status: in_force

(a) Model policy.

(1) The Secretary of Education, in consultation with the Vermont School Boards Association, the Vermont Independent School Association, and a representative from the Vermont Coalition for Phone and Social Media Free Schools, shall develop, and review at least annually, a policy to, subject to the exceptions in subdivision (2) of this subsection, prohibit student use of cell phones and non-school-issued personal electronic devices that connect to cellular networks, the internet, or have wireless capabilities at school from arrival to dismissal.

(2) The model policy shall provide exceptions for students to use a cell phone or personal electronic device if such use is:

(A) required as part of a student's individualized health care plan, individualized education program, or 504 plan, which shall be documented according to applicable State and federal law; provided, however, that if such use is required to meet an international student's special education needs or as part of a disability accommodation, and the international student does not have an individualized education program or 504 plan, the need for such use shall be documented in a manner the school deems appropriate;

(B) approved by an administrator for an academic, school-sponsored athletic, or cocurricular purpose, for the most limited use reasonably possible; or

(C) required for compliance with the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 11431–11435.

(b) Policy adoption.

(1) Beginning with the 2026–2027 school year, each school board shall develop, adopt, ensure the enforcement of, and make available in the manner described under subdivision 563(1) of this title a student cell phone and personal electronic device use policy that shall be at least as stringent as the model policy developed by the Secretary. Any school board that fails to adopt a policy shall be presumed to have adopted the most current model policy published by the Secretary.

(2) Beginning with the 2026–2027 school year, each approved independent school shall develop, adopt, and ensure the enforcement of a student cell phone and personal electronic device use policy that shall be at least as stringent as the model policy developed by the Secretary. Any approved independent school that fails to adopt a policy shall be presumed to have adopted the most current model policy published by the Secretary.
16 V.S.A. § 712 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / Section 712
§ 712. Contents of warning on votes to establish the union school district and elect the initial members of the union school district board
Status: in_force

The warning for each school district meeting to vote on formation of a union school district shall contain two articles in substantially the following form. The language used in Article 1 shall be the same for each “necessary” and “advisable” district voting on formation of the new district. Article II of the warning shall not include names of candidates for the union school district board.

WARNING

The voters of the _______________________________________________________________________ School District are hereby notified and warned to meet at _____________________ on the ___________ day of _____________________ , 20___________ , to vote by Australian ballot between the hours of _____________________ , at which time the polls will open, and _____________________ , at which time the polls will close, upon the following articles of business:

Article I. FORMATION OF UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT

Shall the _______________________________________________________________________ School District, which the proposed articles of agreement have identified as [“necessary” or “advisable”] to the formation of the proposed union school district, join with the school district[s] of _______________________________________ and _______________________________________ , which are identified as “necessary” to formation, and potentially the school district[s] of _______________________________________ and _______________________________________ , which are identified as “advisable” to formation, for the purpose of forming a union school district, as provided in Title 16, Vermont Statutes Annotated, upon the following conditions and agreements:

(a) Grades. The union school district shall be organized to provide for the education of resident students in grades ___________ through ___________ and shall assume full and sole responsibility therefor on July 1, 20___________ .

(b) Operation of schools. The union school district shall operate and manage one or more schools offering instruction in grades ___________ through ___________ . [Amend as necessary if the district will pay tuition for any or all grades for which it is organized.]

(c) Union school district board. [State method by which representation of each member of the union school board is to be determined pursuant to section 711 (vote to elect initial members) of this chapter.]

(d) Assumption of debts and ownership of school property. The union school district shall assume the indebtedness of forming districts, acquire the school properties of the forming districts, and pay for them, all as specified in the final report and proposed articles of agreement.

(e) Final report. The provisions of the final report and proposed articles of agreement approved by the State Board of Education on the ___________ day of _____________________ , 20___________ , which is on file in the office of the clerk of each school district named in this warning, shall govern the union school district.

Article II. ELECTION OF INITIAL MEMBERS OF THE UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD

To elect a total of _____________________ (_) member(s) to serve as initial members of the proposed union school district board for the terms established in the final report and proposed articles of agreement: [Amend as necessary to reflect method for determining school board membership pursuant to section 711 (vote to elect initial members) of this chapter.]

(a) ___________ [Insert number] Board Member[s] to serve until the second annual meeting of the union school district, in 20___________ .

(b) ___________ [Insert number] Board Member[s] to serve until the third annual meeting of the union school district, in 20___________ .

(c) ___________ [Insert number] Board Member[s] to serve until the fourth annual meeting of the union school district, in 20___________ .
16 V.S.A. § 1561 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / Section 1561
§ 1561. Tuition reduction
Status: in_force

(a) In this section:

(1) “Student” means a Vermont secondary student without a diploma regardless of age and regardless of whether the student is enrolled in a high school in Vermont.

(2) “Full-time equivalent student” means the average of a Vermont school district's three prior years' full-time equivalent enrollment of students in the career technical center.

(b) On behalf of a sending school district within Vermont, a career technical center shall receive from the Education Fund for each full-time equivalent student from the district 87 percent of the base education amount, and an equivalent amount shall be subtracted from the amount due to the sending district under section 4011 of this title. The amount sent to the career technical center and subtracted from the sending district shall be considered a revenue and an expenditure of the district and shall be reported as such in appropriate accounts and in the district's annual budget.

(c) Annually, the General Assembly shall appropriate funds to pay for a supplemental assistance grant per full-time equivalent student. The amount of the grant shall be equal to 35 percent of the base education amount for that year.

(d) In any year following a year in which fall semester full-time equivalent enrollment of students at a career technical center increased by 20 percent or more over the previous fall semester, in addition to other aid, the career technical center shall receive an extra supplemental assistance grant equal to two-thirds of the 35 percent of the base education amount for that year, multiplied by the actual full-time equivalent enrollment increase. The next year, if the increase in fall semester full-time equivalent enrollment is less than 20 percent, in addition to other aid, the career technical center shall receive an extra supplemental assistance grant equal to one-third of the 35 percent of the base education amount for the year, multiplied by the actual full-time equivalent increase of the previous fall semester.
16 V.S.A. § 2047 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 59 / Section 2047
§ 2047. Other arrangements-Article VII
Status: in_force

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent or inhibit other arrangements or practices of any party State or States to facilitate the interchange of educational personnel.
16 V.S.A. § 555 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 555
§ 555. No liability for unauthorized or deficit spending
Status: in_force

(a) It is the intent of the General Assembly that school boards should spend within the amount authorized by the electorate pursuant to this title and should not incur a deficit. However, the General Assembly recognizes that in the course of a school district budget year it may be necessary for expenditures to exceed revenues received or the amount authorized by the electorate.

(b) A school board member shall not be liable under any law, including any criminal law, on the sole basis that the board has spent more than authorized under this title or that a deficit, as defined in 24 V.S.A. § 1523, has occurred.
16 V.S.A. § 2949 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 101 / Section 2949
§ 2949. Reciprocal agreements with other states
Status: in_force

The State Board of Education, with the approval of the Attorney General, is authorized to enter into reciprocal agreements with the boards of education in other states to share in the expense of securing the services of specialists or persons skilled in the education of children with disabilities.
16 V.S.A. § 2826 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2826
§ 2826. Statutory purposes
Status: in_force

(a) The statutory purpose of the exemption for interest income from Vermont Student Assistance Corporation bonds in section 2825 of this title is to lower the cost of borrowing in order to finance education loan programs.

(b) The statutory purpose of the exemption for Vermont Student Assistance Corporation property tax in section 2825 of this title is to allow State instrumentalities that provide financial and information resources for postsecondary education and training to use all of their resources for those purposes.
16 V.S.A. § 2653 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 82 / Section 2653
§ 2653. Appropriations
Status: in_force

Hereafter funds for the continuation of the program under this chapter shall be requested as a part of the operational budget of the Vermont State Colleges.
16 V.S.A. § 427 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 427
§ 427. Grand list
Status: in_force

The grand list of a town or incorporated school district shall consist of one percent of the listed value of the real and personal estate taxable in the town or incorporated school district.
16 V.S.A. § 3742 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 129 / Section 3742
§ 3742. Flag display
Status: in_force

Each school district shall erect a flag pole on the building or premises of each public school and, while school is in session, at such times as it directs, shall cause a United States flag, which shall not be lettered or marked in any way, to be displayed. A United States flag and a State flag may be displayed inside the school building. A person who violates this section shall be fined not more than $10.00.
16 V.S.A. § 162 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 3 / Section 162
§ 162. Removal of Board members
Status: in_force

After notice and hearing, the Governor may remove a member of the State Board for incompetency, failure to discharge the member's duties, malfeasance, illegal acts, or other cause inimical to the welfare of the public schools; and in case of such removal, the appointing authority that made the initial appointment shall appoint a person to fill the unexpired term.
16 V.S.A. § 2832 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2832
§ 2832. Organization and compensation
Status: in_force

(a) The Board, with the advice and consent of the Governor, shall elect from its members a chair. The Board shall also elect from its members a vice chair and secretary. Each of the officers shall hold office for two years and shall be eligible for reelection.

(b) The Board shall serve without compensation except for expenses actually and necessarily incurred by them in the performance of their duties under this chapter.

(c) The Board shall adopt bylaws for the Corporation and may appoint a president and determine the president's compensation and duties. The Chair annually shall notify the Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate of the president's compensation.

(d) The Board may elect an executive committee to serve in the interval between meetings to transact such business of the Corporation as provided in the bylaws.
16 V.S.A. § 167 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 3 / Section 167
§ 167. High school equivalence certificate
Status: in_force

The State Board is authorized to grant high school equivalency certificates to any person who has not been graduated from a high school on the basis of credits earned in the U.S. Armed Forces, credits earned in approved schools for adults, or satisfactory scores obtained on approved examinations.
16 V.S.A. § 775 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 15 / Section 775
§ 775. Officers-Article V
Status: reserved

A. Officers: General. The officers of an interstate school district shall be a board of school directors, a chairman of the board, a vice-chairman of the board, a secretary of the board, a moderator, a clerk, a treasurer and three auditors. Except as otherwise specifically provided, they shall be eligible to take office immediately following their election; they shall serve until the next annual meeting of the interstate district and until their successors are elected and qualified. Each shall take oath for the faithful performance of his or her duties before the moderator, or a notary public or a justice of the peace of the state in which the oath is administered. Their compensation shall be fixed by vote of the district. No person shall be eligible to any district office unless he or she is a voter in the district. A custodian, school teacher, principal, superintendent or other employee of an interstate district acting as such shall not be eligible to hold office as a school director.

B. Board of Directors.

a. How Chosen. Each member district shall be represented by at least one resident on the board of school directors of an interstate school district. A member district shall be entitled to such further representation on the interstate board of school directors as provided in the articles of agreement as amended from time to time. The articles of agreement as amended from time to time may provide for school directors at large, as above set forth. No person shall be disqualified to serve as a member of an interstate board because he or she is at the same time a member of the school board of a member district.

b. Term. Interstate school directors shall be elected for terms in accordance with the articles of agreement.

c. Duties of Board of Directors. The board of school directors of an interstate school district shall have and exercise all of the powers of the district not reserved herein to the voters of the district.

d. Organization. The clerk of the district shall warn a meeting of the board of school directors to be held within ten days following the date of the annual meeting, for the purpose of organizing the board, including the election of its officers.

C. Chairman of the Board. The chairman of the board of interstate school directors shall be elected by the interstate board from among its members at its first meeting following the annual meeting. The chairman shall preside at the meetings of the board and shall perform such other duties as the board may assign to him.

D. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors. The vice-chairman of the interstate board shall be elected in the same manner as the chairman. He shall represent a member district in a state other than that represented by the chairman. He shall preside in the absence of the chairman and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the interstate board.

E. Secretary of the Board. The secretary of the interstate board shall be elected in the same manner as the chairman. Instead of electing one of its members, the interstate board may appoint the interstate district clerk to serve as secretary of the board in addition to his or her other duties. The secretary of the interstate board (or the interstate district clerk, if so appointed) shall keep the minutes of its meetings, shall certify its records, and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the board.

F. Moderator. The moderator shall preside at the district meetings, regulate the business thereof, decide questions of order, and make a public declaration of every vote passed. He may prescribe rules of procedure; but such rules may be altered by the district. He may administer oaths to district officers in either state.

G. Clerk. The clerk shall keep a true record of all proceedings at each district meeting, shall certify its records, shall make an attested copy of any records of the district for any person upon request and tender of reasonable fees therefor, if so appointed, shall serve as secretary of the board of school directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be required by custom or law.

H. Treasurer. The treasurer shall have custody of all of the monies belonging to the district and shall pay out the same only upon the order of the interstate board. He shall keep a fair and accurate account of all sums received into and paid from the interstate district treasury, and at the close of each fiscal year he or she shall make a report to the interstate district, giving a particular account of all receipts and payments during the year. He shall furnish to the interstate directors, statements from his or her books and submit his or her books and vouchers to them and to the district auditors for examination whenever so requested. He or she shall make all returns called for by laws relating to school districts. Before entering on his or her duties, the treasurer shall give a bond with sufficient sureties and in such sum as the directors may require. The treasurer's term of office is from July 1 to the following June 30.

I. Auditors. At the organization meeting of the district, three auditors shall be chosen, one to serve for a term of one year, one to serve for a term of two years, and one to serve for a term of three years. After the expiration of each original term, the successor shall be chosen for a three year term. At least one auditor shall be a resident of New Hampshire, and one auditor shall be a resident of Vermont. An interstate district may vote to employ a certified public accountant to assist the auditors in the performance of their duties. The auditors shall carefully examine the accounts of the treasurer and the directors at the close of each fiscal year, and at such other times whenever necessary, and report to the district whether the same are correctly cast and properly vouched.

J. Superintendent. The superintendent of schools shall be selected by a majority vote of the board of school directors of the interstate district with the approval of both commissioners.

K. Vacancies. Any vacancy among the elected officers of the district shall be filled by the interstate board until the next annual meeting of the district or other election, when a successor shall be elected to serve out the remainder of the unexpired term, if any. Until all vacancies on the interstate board are filled, the remaining members shall have full power to act.
16 V.S.A. § 253 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 253
§ 253. Confidentiality of records
Status: in_force

(a) Criminal records and criminal record information received under this subchapter are designated confidential unless, under State or federal law or regulation, the record or information may be disclosed to specifically designated persons.

(b) The Secretary, a superintendent, or a headmaster may disclose criminal records and criminal record information received under this subchapter to a qualified entity upon request, provided that the qualified entity has signed a user agreement and received authorization from the subject of the record request. As used in this section, “qualified entity” means an individual, organization, or governmental body doing business in Vermont that has one or more individuals performing services for it within the State and that provides care or services to children, persons who are elders, or persons with disabilities as defined in 34 U.S.C. § 40104.

(c) In accordance with 21 V.S.A. § 306, a board member, superintendent, or headmaster shall not enter into on behalf of a supervisory union, school district, or recognized or approved independent school a confidential employment separation agreement that inhibits the disclosure to prospective employers and responsible licensing entities of factual information about a prospective employee's background that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the prospective employee has engaged in conduct jeopardizing the safety of a minor. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary under 33 V.S.A. chapter 49, a board member, superintendent, or headmaster and employees of a supervisory union, school district, or recognized or approved independent school shall provide factually correct information concerning a former employee's employment record with the supervisory union, school district, or recognized or approved independent school to a prospective employer of that individual if requested by the prospective employer. Nothing in this subsection shall permit the disclosure of information that is prohibited from disclosure by subsection (b) of this section. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a person shall not be subject to civil or criminal liability for disclosing information that is required by this section to be disclosed if the person was acting in good faith. This immunity from liability shall not apply when the information supplied by a person is knowingly false or rendered with a malicious purpose.
16 V.S.A. § 3860 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3860
§ 3860. Remedies of bondholders
Status: in_force

(a) If the Agency defaults in the payment of principal of or interest on any of the bonds of any series after they become due, either at maturity or upon call for redemption, and the default continues for a period of 30 days, or if the Agency fails or refuses to comply with this chapter or defaults in any agreement made with the holders of the bonds of the series, the holders of 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of the bonds of the series then outstanding, in addition to all other remedies provided pursuant to this chapter or other law, may appoint by an instrument filed in an office of the clerk of the county in which the principal office of the eligible institution respecting which the bonds have been issued is located, and proved or acknowledged in the same manner as a deed would be recorded, subject to the limitation specified in subsection 3856(h) of this chapter, a trustee to represent the holders of the bonds of the series for the purposes provided in this section.

(b) The trustee may, and upon written request of the holders of 25 percent of the principal amount of the bonds of any series then outstanding upon any facility, shall, in his or her or its own name:

(1) by mandamus or other suit, action, or proceeding, enforce all rights of the bondholders, including the right to require the Agency to collect rentals and other revenues of any facility adequate to carry out any agreement as to, or pledge of, the rental and other revenues, and to require the Agency to carry out any other agreements with the bondholders and to perform its and their duties under this chapter;

(2) bring suit upon the bonds of that series;

(3) by action or suit, require the Agency to account as if it were the trustee of an express trust for the bondholders;

(4) by action or suit, enjoin any acts or things that may be unlawful or violate the rights of the bondholders; and

(5) declare all bonds of that series due and payable upon any facility; and, if all defaults are made good, annul, upon the written consent of the holders of 25 percent in principal amount of the bonds of that series then outstanding, the declaration and its consequences.

(c) The Superior Court and the presiding judge where the facility is located shall have jurisdiction of any suit, action, or proceedings by the trustee on behalf of the bondholders.

(d) Before declaring the principal of all bonds of any series due and payable, the trustees shall first give 30 days' notice in writing to the Agency.

(e) Any trustee, whether or not all bonds of any series have been declared due and payable, shall be entitled as of right to the appointment of a receiver who may enter and take possession of the facility or any part of the facility and operate and maintain it and collect and receive all rentals and other revenues arising from it in the same manner as the Agency itself might do, and shall deposit all such monies in a separate account and apply the same in such manner as the court may direct. In any suit, action, or proceedings by the trustee, the fees, counsel fees, and expenses of the trustee and of the receiver, if any, shall constitute taxable disbursements and all costs and disbursements, allowed by the court shall be a first charge on any rentals and other revenues derived from the facility.

(f) The trustee shall, in addition to the provisions of this section relating to the trustee and to an extent not inconsistent with the provisions of the trust indenture or resolutions under which such trustee is acting, have all of the powers necessary or appropriate for the exercise of any functions specifically set forth in this section or incident to the general representation of the bondholders in the enforcement and protection of their rights, including the foreclosure of any mortgage given to secure the bonds and the power to liquidate any and all other security as may be given therefor.
16 V.S.A. § 1480 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 33 / Section 1480
§ 1480. Emergency operations plans
Status: in_force

(a) Each supervisory union or supervisory district shall adopt and maintain an all-hazards emergency operations plan for each school site that is at least as comprehensive as the template maintained by the Vermont School Safety Center. The plan shall be reviewed and updated on an annual basis, in collaboration with local emergency first responders and local emergency management officials.

(b) Each approved and recognized independent school shall adopt and maintain an all-hazards emergency operations plan consistent with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The Vermont School Safety Center shall maintain an emergency operations plan template and update the template as appropriate.

[Subsection (d) effective July 1, 2026.]

(d) The template maintained by the Vermont School Safety Center shall include, at a minimum, hazard-specific provisions for:

(1) Acute cardiac events in schools, including protocols that address:

(A) the use and maintenance of automated external defibrillator (AED) devices;

(B) the specific steps to reduce death from cardiac arrest during school activities or within school or district facilities, which shall be consistent with nationally recognized, evidence-based standards;

(C) the appropriate use of school personnel to respond to incidents involving an individual experiencing sudden cardiac arrest or a similar life-threatening emergency while on school grounds;

(D) implementation of AED placement and routine maintenance within each school or district facility, which shall be consistent with applicable nationally recognized, evidence-based standards, and which shall include a requirement for clearly marked and easily accessible AEDs at each athletic venue where practices or competitions are held;

(E) required staff training in CPR and AED use and practice drills regarding the cardiac response plan; and

(2) An athletic emergency action plan (AEAP) for all public or approved and recognized independent schools with an athletic department or organized athletic program. The AEAP shall detail the steps to be taken in response to a serious or life-threatening injury of a student participating in sports or other athletic activities. The AEAP established by public and independent schools pursuant to this subdivision shall be consistent with the athletic emergency action plans policy established by the Vermont Principals' Association.
16 V.S.A. § 806q — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 19 / Section 806q
§ 806q. Binding effect of compact and other laws - Article XVIII
Status: in_force

A. Other Laws. Nothing herein prevents the enforcement of any other law of a member state.

B. Binding Effect of the Compact.

1. All lawful actions of the Interstate Commission, including all rules and bylaws promulgated by the Interstate Commission, are binding upon the member states.

2. All agreements between the Interstate Commission and the member states are binding in accordance with their terms.

3. In the event any provision of this compact exceeds the constitutional limits imposed on the legislature of any member state, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of the conflict with the constitutional provision in question in that member state.
16 V.S.A. § 1756 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 53 / Section 1756
§ 1756. Protection of teachers, employees, and board members in damage suits
Status: in_force

(a) A town, city, incorporated, or union school district and a supervisory union shall indemnify and save harmless to the extent of the policy limits provided in subsection (b) of this section any person employed by the school district or supervisory union and any member of its executive, supervisory, or administrative staff, including members of the school board, from financial loss and expense, including reasonable legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand, suit, or judgment by reason of alleged negligence or other act resulting in accidental injury to a person or accidental damage to or destruction of property, within or outside the school building, provided that the indemnified person at the time of the accident resulting in such injury, damage, or destruction was acting in the discharge of his or her duties within the scope of his or her employment or under the direction of the board of the school district or of the supervisory union.

(b) Each board of a school district or a supervisory union shall insure against the liability imposed upon it by this section in any insurance company organized in this State or in any insurance company of another state authorized by law to write insurance in this State, or through participation in an intermunicipal insurance agreement established under 24 V.S.A. chapter 121, subchapter 6, with minimum coverage in the form of a comprehensive general liability policy including liability for the operation of owned and nonowned motor vehicles and including the employees as additional insureds and with minimum limits of not less than $500,000.00 per person and $2 million per occurrence for bodily injury and for property damage.

(c) Each board of a school district or a supervisory union required to insure against the liability imposed upon it by this section shall furnish proof of insurance with the minimum limits prescribed by this section to the Secretary of Education, which shall be evidence of the insuring against the liability and property damage required by this section. In the event of cancellation, the board shall provide at least 30 days' prior notice of cancellation to the Secretary.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 23.03 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 23 / Section 23.03
App. § 23-3. Annual District meeting
Status: in_force

The annual District meeting shall be held on the first Tuesday of March and the immediate preceding Monday as follows:

(1) Monday: At 7:30 p.m. at a place to be selected by the Board of Trustees. The Moderator shall convene the annual District meeting with the following agenda:

(A) The District shall elect a Moderator and Clerk, the term of office to start July 1.

(B) The Board of School Trustees shall present the annual reports of the District to the assembled voters, answer any questions, and ask for approval.

(C) The District shall authorize the Board of School Trustees to allow appropriate groups and agencies to use school facilities and equipment in accordance with District policy and Vermont law.

(D) The District shall conduct an informational public session for the Board of Trustees to present the budget for the following fiscal year and answer any questions regarding the same.

(E) The District shall conduct any other business of the District which may be legally conducted, except as provided in section 7 of this charter.

(2) Tuesday: The voters shall at this continued annual District meeting, to be held on the first Tuesday in March from seven o'clock in the forenoon to seven o'clock in the afternoon and conducted at the same place and manner as the annual meeting of the City of Winooski (Appendix A):

(A) Vote a sum of money necessary for the support of the public schools as is required by law. Such sum shall include the amounts anticipated from State education aid and other sources of revenue. The Board of School Trustees shall determine how the voted funds shall be expended.

(B) Elect Trustees as set forth in section 2 of this charter.

(C) Conduct any other business of the District which may legally be conducted as set forth in section 6 of this charter.

(D) Elect a School District Treasurer for a term of three years, the term of office to start July 1, whose duties, authority, and responsibilities shall be those established by law.
16 V.S.A. § 2172 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 72 / Section 2172
§ 2172. Trustees; appointment; vacancies
Status: in_force

(a) The Corporation shall be governed by a board of 15 trustees who shall be appointed or elected as follows:

(1) Biennially, the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint trustees to serve for four-year terms expiring March 1 of the year of the biennial session. Five trustees may be in office at one time under this subdivision. In the event of any vacancy occurring between biennial sessions in an office under this subdivision, the Governor, pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 257, shall fill the vacancy, and the term of a person so appointed shall expire on March 1 in the year of the next following biennial session.

(2)(A) One trustee shall be a student trustee:

(i) who is a matriculated student at an educational institution operated by the Vermont State Colleges Corporation;

(ii) who is pursuing a degree program; and

(iii) who has reached the age of majority.

(B) The student trustee shall serve a one-year term expiring on June 1. The student trustee shall be appointed, and a vacancy may be filled, from among those eligible students applying for the position by the decision of those members of the steering committee of the Vermont State Colleges Student Association who have been elected at large to that committee by the students at their respective colleges. No student trustee may serve more than two consecutive terms.

(3) Four trustees shall be legislative trustees who are members of the General Assembly at the time of their election. Legislative trustees shall serve four-year terms expiring on March 1 of the second year of the biennial session, and they shall be elected by joint assembly of the Legislature. Vacancies for any cause shall be filled by the General Assembly at its earliest opportunity and the term of a person so appointed shall expire on March 1 of the next even numbered year.

(4) Four trustees shall be elected by the Board of Trustees to four-year terms expiring on March 1. Vacancies for any cause shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board of Trustees, and the term of the person so appointed shall expire on the next following March 1.

(b) Appointments by the Governor and elections by the General Assembly shall be made with consideration of the geographic distribution of members to prevent an unfair focus on any single college.

(c) No trustee shall be a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Vermont.

(d)(1) The Board of Trustees, after notice and a hearing, may remove a trustee for incompetency, failure to discharge duties, malfeasance, illegal acts, or other cases inimical to the welfare of the Corporation.

(2) Gubernatorial-appointed trustees shall serve at the pleasure of the Governor pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 2004.

(3) In the event of a vacancy occurring under this subsection, the Governor or the Board, as applicable, shall fill the vacancy pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.
16 V.S.A. § 554 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 554
§ 554. School board meetings; majority vote, quorum, Robert's Rules, public participation
Status: in_force

(a) A majority of the members of the board shall constitute a quorum. Notwithstanding 1 V.S.A. § 172, the concurrence of a majority of members present at a school board meeting shall be necessary and sufficient for board action.

(b) A school board meeting shall be conducted in accordance with the Vermont Open Meeting Law. Robert's Rules of Order shall govern the conduct of school board meetings. A school board shall afford a reasonable opportunity to any person in the school district to appear and express views in regard to any matter considered by the school board and, if requested to do so, shall give reasons for its action in writing.
16 V.S.A. § 1161a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 25 / Section 1161a
§ 1161a. Discipline
Status: in_force

(a) Each public and each approved independent school shall adopt and implement a comprehensive plan for responding to student misbehavior. To the extent appropriate, the plan shall promote the positive development of youths. The plan shall include:

(1) The school's approach to classroom management and response to disruptive behavior, including the use of alternative educational settings.

(2) The manner in which the school will provide information and training to students in methods of conflict resolution, peer mediation, and anger management.

(3) Procedures for informing parents of the school's discipline policies, for notifying parents of student misconduct, and for working with parents to improve student behavior.

(4) The school's response to significant disruptions, such as threats or use of bombs or weapons.

(5) A description of how the school will ensure that all staff and contractors who routinely have unsupervised contact with students periodically receive training on the maintenance of a safe, orderly, civil, and positive learning environment. The training shall be appropriate to the role of the staff member being trained and shall teach classroom and behavior management, enforcement of the school's discipline policies, and positive youth development models.

(6) A description of behaviors on and off school grounds that constitute misconduct, including harassment, bullying, and hazing, particularly those behaviors that may be grounds for expulsion. The plan shall include a description of misconduct as listed in subdivisions 11(a)(26)(A)-(C) and (32) of this title that, although serious, does not rise to the level of harassment or bullying as those terms are defined in these subdivisions.

(7) Standard due process procedures for suspension and expulsion of a student.

(b) For the purpose of this chapter, “corporal punishment” means the intentional infliction of physical pain upon the body of a pupil as a disciplinary measure.

(c) No person employed by or agent of a public or approved independent school shall inflict or cause to be inflicted corporal punishment upon a student attending the school or the institution. However, this section does not prohibit a person from using reasonable and necessary force:

(1) to quell a disturbance;

(2) to obtain possession of weapons or other dangerous objects upon the person of or within the control of a student;

(3) for the purpose of self defense; or

(4) for the protection of persons or property.
16 V.S.A. § 741 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / Section 741
§ 741. Counting of Australian ballots
Status: in_force

(a) Process.

(1) At least two members of the board of civil authority of each town within a unified union school district, or two election officials appointed by the board of civil authority of that town, shall transport ballots cast in the town in a sealed container to a central location designated by the district clerk. The district clerk shall place the ballots from all locations into a single container.

(2) The boards of civil authority shall not count the ballots for purposes of determining the outcome of the votes cast in that town prior to transporting them but may open the containers and count the total number of ballots cast at that polling location.

(3) The district clerk or designee shall supervise representatives of the boards of civil authority, identified in subdivision (1) of this subsection, to count ballots at the central location pursuant to section 742 (commingling and reporting of votes cast by Australian ballot and from the floor) of this title. The district clerk shall also have the authority to appoint current unified union school district board members who are not on the ballot to aid in the counting of ballots.

(4) The ballots shall be counted as soon as possible, but not later than 24 hours after the time at which the polls closed.

(5) If ballots are to be counted on the day following the election, then the clerk of each town within the unified union school district shall store the ballots in a secure location in the town until they are transported on the following day to the central location designated by the district clerk for counting.

(6) After the ballots have been counted, the district clerk shall seal them in a secure container and store them for at least 90 days in a secure location.

(b) Applicability. The counting of Australian ballots cast by voters in a unified union school district for the election of members of the district board, for the election of district officers, for proposed budgets, and for any other public questions shall proceed pursuant to the provisions of this section, except when:

(1) Vermont statute explicitly permits or requires a different method for a specific type of question presented to the voters;

(2) the ballots have been cast to elect a unified union school district board member where membership on the board is apportioned based on town population pursuant to subdivision 730(a)(1) (unified union school district; Australian ballot; proportional to town population) of this title; or

(3) the articles of agreement as initially approved by the voters on or before July 1, 2019 explicitly provide that the board of civil authority of each town within the unified union school district shall count Australian ballots cast in that town and report that town's results to the district clerk, who shall calculate total votes cast within the unified union school district and report the result of the vote to the public.
16 V.S.A. § 2005 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 57 / Section 2005
§ 2005. Written agreement
Status: in_force

The negotiations councils for the school board and the teachers' or administrators' organization shall enter into a written agreement or agreements incorporating matters agreed to in negotiation. The written agreement shall incorporate by reference the terms of the agreement entered into pursuant to chapter 61 of this title.
16 V.S.A. § 1697 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 51 / Section 1697
§ 1697. Fees
Status: repealed

(a) Each individual applicant and licensee shall be subject to the following fees:

(1) Processing of application $50.00 per application

(2) Issuance of Level I license $50.00 per year

for the term

of the license

(3) Issuance of Level II license $50.00 per year

for the term

of the renewal

(4) Official copy of licenses $10.00

(5) [Repealed.]

(6) Issuance of provisional, emergency, $50.00 per year

or apprenticeship license for the term of the license

(7) Peer review process $1,200.00 one-time fee

(8) Pre-application criminal background $25.00

determination

(b) Pursuant to qualifications and procedures determined by the Secretary, the Agency shall, upon request, waive application fees to qualified military members and military spouses.

(c) Fees collected under this section shall be credited to special funds established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5, and shall be available to the Agency to offset the costs of providing those services.
16 V.S.A. § 132 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 1 / Section 132
§ 132. Secondary schools; provision of contraceptives
Status: in_force

In order to prevent or reduce unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, each school district shall make condoms available to all students in its secondary schools, free of charge. School district administrative teams, in consultation with school district nursing staff, shall determine the best manner in which to make condoms available to students. At a minimum, condoms shall be placed in locations that are safe and readily accessible to students, including the school nurse's office.
16 V.S.A. § 263 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 7 / Section 263
§ 263. Quorum
Status: in_force

A majority of the school districts comprising a supervisory union shall be represented at a supervisory union meeting and a majority of all members of the supervisory union board shall be present in order to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A legal vote taken at such meeting shall be binding upon each school district in the supervisory union.
16 V.S.A. § 51 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 1 / Section 51
§ 51. Universal Afterschool and Summer Special Fund
Status: in_force

(a) The Universal Afterschool and Summer Special Fund is created, to be managed by the Agency of Education. The cannabis sales tax revenue shall be deposited into the Universal Afterschool and Summer Special Fund. The Fund shall be used as follows:

(1) To establish a grant program that supports the expansion of universal afterschool and summer programs with a focus on underserved areas of the State.

(2) Cannabis sales tax revenue shall be used to support a mixed delivery system for afterschool and summer programming. Eligible recipients can be public, private, or nonprofit organizations.

(A) Grants may be used for technical assistance, program implementation, program expansion, program sustainability, and related costs.

(B) Funds may be used to directly target communities with low existing capacity to serve youth in afterschool and summer settings.

(C) The award of grants and any subsequent contract or written agreement issued pursuant to the award of a grant shall require that a grantee does not discriminate, and prohibits its employees, agents, subcontractors, and other service providers from discriminating, on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.

(D) The Agency may use up to $500,000.00 annually for administrative costs to allow for the support of the grant program and technical assistance to communities. This could include subcontracts to support the grant program.

(b) An advisory committee is created to support the Secretary in administering the funds. The Agency shall provide administrative and technical support to the advisory committee. The advisory committee shall be composed of:

(1) the State's Chief Prevention Officer;

(2) the Commissioner for Children and Families or designee;

(3) the Commissioner of Health or designee;

(4) the Commissioner of Mental Health or designee;

(5) the Secretary of Natural Resources or designee;

(6) the Secretary of Commerce and Community Development or designee;

(7) the Vermont Afterschool Executive Director or designee; and

(8) a representative from the Governor's office.

(c) Notwithstanding 2 V.S.A. § 20(d), annually on or before November 15, the Agency shall submit to the General Assembly a plan to fund grants pursuant to subsection (a) of this section in the coming year and a report containing outcomes data on the grants made during the previous year. The Agency shall report on the number of programs, slots, weeks, or hours; geographic distribution of programs receiving a grant; and what is known about costs to families participating in programs receiving a grant. The report shall be inclusive of 21st Century programming.

(d) The amount of grant funds awarded shall be in alignment with the actual revenue collected from the sales and use tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 233 on cannabis or cannabis products in this State. Discrepancies between the amount of grant funds awarded and actual revenue shall be reconciled through the budget adjustment process.
16 V.S.A. § 1604 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 39 / Section 1604
§ 1604. State Board responsibilities
Status: in_force

The State Board of Education shall:

(1) Establish standards of operation for a student apprenticeship program. Standards shall ensure that a program prepares students to meet labor market standards and needs, and that a student shall receive relevant and quality work experience.

(2) Establish standards for entrance into a student apprenticeship program.

(3) Establish a process for termination of a student from a student apprenticeship program.

(4) In collaboration with related business or trade organizations, establish academic and occupation-specific industry competency standards for each occupation-specific student apprenticeship program offered in the State. The standards shall be those to be met in order to earn an industry competency certificate.

(5) Establish guidelines for preparation of worksite mentors.

(6) Certify those who graduate from a student apprenticeship program as meeting industry competency standards for entrance into the trade or profession the student has studied. The State Board shall maintain a record of certificates issued under this subdivision.
16 V.S.A. § 828 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / Section 828
§ 828. Tuition to approved schools; age; appeal
Status: in_force

(a) A school district shall not pay the tuition of a student except to:

(1) a public school located in Vermont;

(2) an approved independent school that:

(A) is located in Vermont;

(B) is approved under section 166 of this title on or before July 1, 2025;

(C) is located within either:

(i) a supervisory district that does not operate a public school for some or all grades as of July 1, 2024; or

(ii) a supervisory union with one or more member school districts that does not operate a public school for some or all grades as of July 1, 2024;

(D) had at least 25 percent of its student enrollment composed of students attending on a district-funded tuition basis pursuant to chapter 21 of this title during the 2023–2024 school year; and

(E) complies with the minimum class size requirements contained in subdivision 165(a)(9) of this title and State Board rule; provided, however, that if a school is unable to comply with the class size minimum standards due to geographic isolation or a school has developed an implementation plan to meet the class size minimum requirements, the school may ask the State Board to grant it a waiver from this subdivision (E), which decision shall be final;

(3) an independent school meeting education quality standards;

(4) a tutorial program approved by the State Board;

(5) an approved education program;

(6) a public school located in another state; or

(7) a therapeutic approved independent school located in Vermont or another state or country that is approved under the laws of that state or country.

(b) Payment of tuition on behalf of a person shall not be denied on account of age.

(c) Unless otherwise provided, a person who is aggrieved by a decision of a school board relating to eligibility for tuition payments, the amount of tuition payable, or the school the person may attend, may appeal to the State Board and its decision shall be final.

(d) As used in this section, “therapeutic approved independent school” means an approved independent school that limits enrollment for publicly funded students residing in Vermont to students who are on an individualized education program or plan under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794, or who are enrolled pursuant to a written agreement between a local education agency and the school or pursuant to a court order.
16 V.S.A. § 3858 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3858
§ 3858. Legal investment
Status: in_force

The bonds and notes are hereby made securities in which all public officers and bodies of this State and all municipalities and municipal subdivisions, all insurance companies and associations, all savings banks and savings institutions, including savings and loan associations, administrators, guardians, executors, trustees, committees, and other fiduciaries, in the State may properly and legally invest funds in their control.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.01 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 1.01
App. § 11-1.1. Consolidation
Status: in_force

No. 113 of the Acts of 1872, entitled “An act to establish the Essex Junction Graded School District” (which shall hereafter be called the Essex Junction school district) and all amendments and additions thereto, is hereby amended and consolidated so as to read as follows.
16 V.S.A. § 946 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / Section 946
§ 946. Early college
Status: in_force

(a) For each grade 12 Vermont student enrolled, the Secretary shall pay an amount equal to 87 percent of the base education amount to:

(1) the Vermont Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); and

(2) an early college program other than the VAST program that is developed and operated or overseen by the University of Vermont, by one of the Vermont State Colleges, or by an accredited private postsecondary school located in Vermont and that is approved for operation by the Secretary; provided, however, when making a payment under this subdivision (2), the Secretary shall not pay more than the tuition charged by the institution.

(b) The Secretary shall make the payment pursuant to subsection (a) of this section directly to the postsecondary institution, which shall accept the amount as full payment of the student's tuition.

(c) A student on whose behalf the Secretary makes a payment pursuant to subsection (a) of this subsection:

(1) shall be enrolled as a full-time student in the institution receiving the payment for the academic year for which payment is made;

(2) shall not be enrolled concurrently in a secondary school operated by the student's district of residence or to which the district pays tuition on the student's behalf; and

(3) shall not be included in the average daily membership of any school district for the academic year for which payment is made; provided, however, that if more than five percent of the grade 12 students residing in a district enroll in an early college program, then the district may include the number of students in excess of five percent in its average daily membership; but further provided that a student in grade 12 enrolled in a college program shall be included in the percentage calculation only if, for the previous academic year, the student was enrolled in a school maintained by the district or was a student for whom the district paid tuition to a public or approved independent school.

(d) A postsecondary institution shall not accept a student into an early college program unless enrollment in an early college program was an element of the student's personalized learning plan.
16 V.S.A. § 558 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 558
§ 558. Eligibility for election to a school board; employment of school board members
Status: in_force

(a) A legal voter in a school district shall be eligible for election to a school board; however, a member of a school board may not be regularly employed by the school district or by a school district within the same supervisory union, or by the same supervisory union during the board member's term of office.

(b) The Secretary may waive the provisions of this section for employment of a specific individual as a substitute teacher, coach, or supervisor of extracurricular activities for a period not to exceed one year, which may be renewed if the school district or supervisory union is unable to hire another qualified person through no fault of its own.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 3.05 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 3 / Section 3.05
App. § 3-5. Annual meeting
Status: in_force

The time of holding the annual meeting in the Graded School District shall be the same as now is or hereafter shall be fixed by law for all school districts in the State; and in accordance therewith the first meeting for the election of Trustees as hereinbefore provided shall be held on the last Tuesday of March, A. D. 1887.
16 V.S.A. § 512 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 512
§ 512. Payment of monies collected to treasurer
Status: in_force

On the written request of one or more members of the prudential committee, a school district tax collector shall pay to the treasurer monies belonging to the district that have been collected to the date of the request and submit his or her tax book and list to the treasurer for inspection and computation. A tax collector who neglects to do so within ten days after receiving the request shall forfeit to the school district $100.00, to be recovered in an action on this statute, and the office of tax collector shall be vacant.
16 V.S.A. § 912 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / Section 912
§ 912. Student's right of refusal; animal dissection
Status: in_force

(a) A student in a public elementary or secondary school or an approved independent school shall have the right to be excused from participating in any lesson, exercise, or assessment requiring the student to dissect, vivisect, or otherwise harm or destroy an animal or any part of an animal, or to observe any of these activities, as part of a course of instruction.

(b) Each school district and approved independent school shall adopt and implement policies regarding a student's right to be excused under this section, which shall include:

(1) procedures by which the school shall provide:

(A) timely notification to each student enrolled in the course and to the student's parent or guardian of the student's right to be excused from participating in or observing the lesson; and

(B) the process by which a student may exercise this right;

(2) alternative education methods through which a student excused under this section can learn and be assessed on material required by the course; and

(3) a statement that no student shall be discriminated against based on his or her decision to exercise the right to be excused afforded by this section.

(c) As used in this section, the word “animal” means any organism of the kingdom animalia and includes an animal's cadaver or the severed parts of an animal's cadaver.
16 V.S.A. § 3855 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3855
§ 3855. Trust funds
Status: in_force

(a) All monies received under the authority of this chapter, whether as proceeds from the sale of bonds or notes or as revenues, shall be deemed to be trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in this chapter. Any officer with whom, or any bank or trust company with which, those monies are deposited shall act as trustee of them and shall hold and apply them for the purposes hereof, subject to such regulations as this chapter and the resolution authorizing the bonds or notes of any issue or the trust indenture securing the bonds may provide.

(b) All monies of the Agency derived from State, local, or federal appropriations or the sale of bonds or notes, and all monies constituting reserve funds, shall be paid to the treasurer of the Agency or to the trustee under the trust indenture securing the bonds or designated in the resolution authorizing the bonds, and all such monies shall be held, administered, secured, and applied as provided in such resolution or trust indenture. All deposits of the monies shall, if required by such resolution or trust indenture, be secured by obligations of the United States of America or of the State of Vermont of the market value equal at all times to the amount of the deposit, and all banks and trust companies are authorized to give such security for the deposits.

(c) The Auditor of Accounts of the State of Vermont and his or her legally authorized representatives may at any time examine the accounts and books of the Agency, including its receipts, disbursements, contracts, sinking funds, investments, and any other matters relating to its financial standing.
16 V.S.A. § 778 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 15 / Section 778
§ 778. Taking over of existing property-Article VIII
Status: in_force

A. Power to Acquire Property of Member District. The articles of agreement, or an amendment thereof, may provide for the acquisition by an interstate district from a member district of all or a part of its existing plant and equipment.

B. Valuation. The articles of agreement, or the amendment, shall provide for the determination of the value of the property to be acquired in one or more of the following ways:

a. A valuation set forth in the articles of agreement or the amendment.

b. By appraisal, in which case, one appraiser shall be appointed by each commissioner, and a third appraiser appointed by the first two appraisers.

C. Reimbursement to Member District. The articles of agreement shall specify the method by which the member district shall be reimbursed by the interstate district for the property taken over, in one or more of the following ways:

a. By one lump sum, appropriated, allocated, and raised by the interstate district in the same manner as an appropriation for operating expenses.

b. In installments over a period of not more than twenty years, each of which is appropriated, allocated, and raised by the interstate district in the same manner as an appropriation for operating expenses.

c. By an agreement to assume or reimburse the member district for all principal and interest on any outstanding indebtedness originally incurred by the member district to finance the acquisition and improvement of the property, each such installment to be appropriated, allocated, and raised by the interstate district in the same manner as an appropriation for operating expenses.

The member district transferring the property shall have the same obligation to pay to the interstate district its share of the cost of such acquisition, but may offset its right to reimbursement.
16 V.S.A. § 2841 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2841
§ 2841. Establishment; rules
Status: in_force

A need-based grant program is hereby established to aid students who need financial assistance and are pursuing undergraduate studies and give promise of completing satisfactorily a degree program or who have been accepted for admission to an approved postsecondary education institution for undergraduate studies. The Board may establish rules, regulations, and standards for the awards under this subchapter.
16 V.S.A. § 1943a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1943a
§ 1943a. Compliance with federal law
Status: in_force

(a) Intent. The General Assembly intends that the Retirement System and any trusts or custodial accounts established to hold the assets of the Retirement System in accordance with subsection (b) of this section be maintained, in form and operation, so as to maintain the status of the Retirement System as a qualified plan under 26 U.S.C. § 401(a) as amended, and the tax exempt status of such trusts and custodial accounts under 26 U.S.C. § 501(a), to the extent that those requirements apply to a governmental plan as described in 26 U.S.C. § 414. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, this section shall be applicable, administered, and interpreted in a manner consistent with maintaining the tax qualification of the Retirement System as a qualified plan and the tax exempt status of such trusts and custodial accounts under 26 U.S.C. §§ 401(a) and 501(a), respectively.

(b) Exclusive benefit. All assets of the Retirement System shall be held in trust, in one or more custodial accounts treated as trusts in accordance with 26 U.S.C. § 401(f), or in a combination thereof. Under any trust or custodial account, it shall be impossible at any time prior to the satisfaction of all liabilities with respect to members and their beneficiaries for any part of the corpus or income to be used for, or diverted to, purposes other than the exclusive benefit of members and their beneficiaries. However, this requirement shall not prohibit:

(1) the return of a contribution within six months after the Retirement System determines that the contribution was made by a mistake of fact; or

(2) payment of the expenses of the Retirement System.

(c) Vesting on plan termination. In the event of the termination of the Retirement System, the accrued benefits of eligible members shall become fully and immediately vested.

(d) Forfeitures. Service credits forfeited by a member for any reason shall not be applied to increase the benefits of any other member.

(e) Required distributions. Distributions shall begin to be made not later than the member's required beginning date as defined under 26 U.S.C. § 401(a)(9) and shall be made in accordance with all other requirements of that subsection. Benefits shall be paid under the maximum allowance pursuant to this subsection even though the member has not previously applied to receive them. The System shall be deemed to be in compliance with the terms of 26 U.S.C. § 401(a)(9) so long as it is administered under a reasonable good faith interpretation of that subsection.

(f) Limitation on benefits. Benefits shall not be payable to the extent that they exceed the limitations imposed by 26 U.S.C. § 415, as adjusted for increases in the cost of living.

(g) Limitation on compensation. Benefits and contributions shall not be computed with reference to any compensation that exceeds the maximum dollar amount permitted by 26 U.S.C. § 401(a)(17) as adjusted for increases in the cost of living.

(h) Actuarial determination. Whenever the amount of any member's benefit is to be determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions done by a professional actuary, those assumptions shall be specified by resolution, which documentation shall be incorporated in the System by reference. The Board shall also adopt interest and mortality assumptions for the purposes of determining actuarial equivalent benefits under the System. The Board shall adopt assumptions by resolution, which documentation shall be incorporated in the System by reference.

(i) Direct rollovers. An individual withdrawing a distribution from the Retirement System that constitutes an “eligible rollover distribution” within the meaning of 26 U.S.C. § 402, may elect, in the time and manner prescribed by the Retirement Board and after receipt of proper notice, to have any portion of the distribution paid directly to another plan that is qualified under 26 U.S.C. § 401(a), to an annuity plan described in 26 U.S.C. § 403(a), to an annuity contract described in 26 U.S.C. § 403(b), or to an eligible plan described in 26 U.S.C. § 457(b) that is maintained by a state, political subdivision of a state, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or political subdivision of a state and that agrees to account separately for amounts transferred into such plan, or to an individual retirement account or annuity described in 26 U.S.C. § 408(a) or (b), in a direct rollover. For distributions made after December 31, 2009, in accordance with 26 U.S.C. § 402(c)(11), a nonspouse beneficiary who is a designated beneficiary under 26 U.S.C. § 401(a)(9) may establish an individual retirement account into which all or a portion of a death distribution from the Retirement System to which such nonspouse beneficiary is entitled can be transferred directly.

(j) Compliance with the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA). Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, contributions, benefits, and service credits with respect to qualified military service will be provided under the System in accordance with 26 U.S.C. § 414(u), unless State law provides more favorable benefits than those required by federal law.

(k) Nonvested members; consent. An individual who is not a vested member of the System and who has not yet reached the later of normal retirement age or age 62 must consent to any withdrawal of his or her assets of greater than $1,000.00. For individuals who are not vested members of the System and who have reached the later of normal retirement age or 62 years of age, amounts greater than $1,000.00 may be paid out without the individual's consent. In all cases, amounts of $1,000.00 or less may be paid out without the individual's consent.

(l) Rulemaking. The Board may adopt rules to ensure that this chapter complies with federal law requirements.
16 V.S.A. § 2698 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 83 / Section 2698
§ 2698. Separability-Article VIII
Status: in_force

The provisions of this compact shall be severable, and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the Constitution of any compacting state or of the United States the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby; provided, that if this compact is held to be contrary to the constitution of any compacting state the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to all other compacting states.
16 V.S.A. § 825 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / Section 825
§ 825. Maximum tuition rate; calculated net cost per pupil defined [Repealed July 1, 2029 if contingency met]
Status: in_force

(a) Calculated net cost per pupil for purposes of this chapter shall be defined by the Secretary. Expenditures shall include those for equipment and school building construction, additions, or renovations. Expenditures excluded shall be:

(1) transportation costs incurred by the receiving school district for its resident students;

(2) transportation costs for which the receiving school district receives reimbursement;

(3) that portion of the total cost that is provided by direct grants from State or federal sources for salaries or other specific expenses;

(4) expenditures for maintenance, and payments of principal and interest for buildings used exclusively for boarding students if any;

(5) expenditures for special education; and

(6) tuition payments for career technical education.

(b) In no case shall the tuition charged be such that the ratio of the total tuition received to the total cost of operation of the receiving school, or school district, exceeds the ratio of the number of tuition-paying students to the total number of students enrolled in the receiving school, or school district.

(c) The Secretary shall investigate complaints by a school board regarding tuition and may, within the limits of funds appropriated for this specific purpose, contract for limited scope audits of the annual statistical reports submitted by school districts for the purpose of determining the accuracy of the allocation of revenues and expenditures to elementary and secondary tuition rates.
16 V.S.A. § 2285 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 75 / Section 2285
§ 2285. Nonapplicability of certain requirements for payment of wages
Status: in_force

Except as expressly provided in this chapter, the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and its Board of Trustees, officers, and employees shall not be subject to the provisions of 21 V.S.A. § 342(c) that require written employee authorization before an employer may pay wages through electronic funds transfer or other direct deposit systems to a checking, savings, or other deposit account maintained by the employee within or outside the State.
16 V.S.A. § 2955 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 101 / Section 2955
§ 2955. Confidential information
Status: in_force

Nothing in 12 V.S.A. § 1612(a) shall apply to this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 1991 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 57 / Section 1991
§ 1991. Selection of representation
Status: in_force

(a) Teachers and administrators may select organizations to represent them on their negotiations council in collective negotiations with the school board negotiations council. The school board shall recognize an organization as the exclusive representative of the teachers or of the administrators in the school district when that organization has proved its claim to sole and exclusive representative status of the respective group as provided in this chapter. The superintendent, the assistant superintendent, and the principal shall not serve as negotiating agents for the teachers' organization.

(b) When close or disputed questions of eligibility to vote and inclusion in the unit to be represented by the teachers' organization arise, the general principle to be adhered to shall be that eligibility to vote and inclusion in that negotiating unit will be limited to all teachers in the school district under contract and actually engaged in full-time or part-time positions that are not that of administrator.

(c) The organizations selected to represent teachers or administrators shall represent without discrimination or prejudice all of those eligible for inclusion in the negotiating unit without regard to organizational affiliation or membership.
16 V.S.A. § 1949b — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1949b
§ 1949b. Postretirement adjustment to retirement allowance; formula; evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) On or before September 1, 2027 and every three years thereafter, or at the request of the Board in conjunction with any proposed changes to the amortization schedule, the Board shall consider the intent set forth in subsection 1949a(a) of this chapter and evaluate whether to modify the postretirement adjustment formula or any other benefit that may accrue to the members of the System who are in active service on or before June 30, 2022 and made contributions for the duration of fiscal year 2023 and members in active service on or after July 1, 2022 and made contributions for at least one year. The evaluation shall only include a proposed benefit change if the Postretirement Adjustment Allowance Fund has sufficient assets to pay for the present value of that benefit.

(b) On or before January 15, 2028 and every three years thereafter, or following a request for an evaluation by the Board, the Board shall submit a report to the House and Senate Committees on Government Operations with the results of the evaluation described in subsection (a) of this section.
16 V.S.A. § 1943 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1943
§ 1943. Investments; interest rate; disbursements
Status: in_force

(a) The members of the Vermont Pension Investment Commission established in 3 V.S.A. chapter 17 shall be the trustees of the Pension Fund created by this chapter, and with respect to them may invest and reinvest the assets of the Pension Fund, and hold, purchase, sell, assign, transfer, and dispose of the securities and investments in which the assets of the Pension Fund have been invested and reinvested. Investments shall be made in accordance with the standard of care established by the prudent investor rule under 14A V.S.A. chapter 9.

(b) The Board from time to time shall set rates of regular interest at such percentages compounded annually as it determines to be equitable both to members and to taxpayers of the State, but not less than three percent nor more than five percent.

(c) The State Treasurer shall be the custodian of the assets of the Pension Fund of the System. All payment from the Pension Fund shall be made by the Treasurer or by a deputy treasurer, only upon vouchers signed by two persons designated by the Board. A duly attested copy of a resolution of the Board designating such persons and bearing on its face specimen signatures of such persons shall be filed with the State Treasurer as authority for making payments upon such vouchers. No vouchers shall be drawn unless it has previously been authorized by resolution of the Board.

(d) Except as otherwise provided in this section, no trustee and no employee of the Board or member of the Vermont Pension Investment Commission shall have any direct interest in the gains or profits of any investment made by the Commission; nor shall any trustee or employee of the Board or Commission, directly or indirectly, for himself or herself or as an agent, in any manner use the same except to make such current and necessary payments as are authorized by the Board or Commission; nor shall any trustee or employee of the Board or Commission become an endorser or surety, or in any manner an obligor, for the monies loaned to or borrowed from the Board. The State Treasurer, with the approval of the Board and the Commission, shall adopt by rule standards of conduct for trustees and employees of the Board in order to maintain and promote public confidence in the integrity of the Board. Such rules shall prohibit trustees and employees from receiving or soliciting any gift, including meals, alcoholic beverages, travel fare, room and board, or any other thing of value, tangible or intangible, from any vendor or potential vendor of investment services, management services, brokerage services, and other services to the Board.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.08 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 1.08
App. § 1-8. Legislative reports; Board of Visitors
Status: in_force

The corporation hereby created shall make annual reports to the Legislature of this State, of its condition, financially and otherwise, and make and distribute the reports required by the act of Congress, herein referred to, and the Legislature may annually appoint a Board of Visitors, who may annually examine the affairs of the corporation. The provisions of 2 V.S.A. § 20(d) (expiration of required reports) shall not apply to the report to be made under this section.
16 V.S.A. § 2001 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 57 / Section 2001
§ 2001. Good faith
Status: in_force

The negotiations councils of the school board and of the recognized teachers' or administrators' organization shall meet together at reasonable times, upon request of either party, and shall negotiate in good faith on all matters properly before them under the provisions of this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 1262a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 27 / Section 1262a
§ 1262a. Award of grants
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Agency may, from funds appropriated for this subsection to the Agency, award grants to:

(A) supervisory unions for the use of member school boards that establish and operate food programs;

(B) independent school boards that establish and operate food programs; and

(C) approved education programs, as defined in subdivision 11(a)(34) of this title and operating under private nonprofit ownership as defined in the National School Lunch Act, that establish and operate food programs for students engaged in a teen parent education program or students enrolled in a Vermont public school.

(2) The amount of any grant awarded under this subsection shall not be more than the amount necessary, in addition to any reimbursement from federal funds, to pay the actual cost of the meal.

(b) The Agency may, from funds available to the Agency for this subsection, award grants to supervisory unions consisting of one or more school districts that need to initiate or expand food programs in order to meet the requirements of section 1264 of this title and that seek assistance in meeting the cost of initiation or expansion. The amount of the grants shall be limited to 75 percent of the cost deemed necessary by the Secretary to construct, renovate, or acquire additional facilities and equipment to provide lunches to all students, and shall be reduced by the amount of funds available from federal or other sources, including those funds available under section 3448 of this title. The Agency shall direct supervisory unions seeking grants under this section to share facilities and equipment within the supervisory union and with other supervisory unions for the provision of lunches wherever more efficient and effective operation of food programs can be expected to result.

(c) On a quarterly basis, from State funds appropriated to the Agency for this subsection, the Agency shall award to each supervisory union, independent school board, and approved education program as described in subsection (a) of this section a sum equal to the amount that would have been the student share of the cost of all breakfasts and lunches actually provided in the district during the previous quarter to students eligible for a reduced-price breakfast under the federal school breakfast program and students eligible for a reduced-price lunch under the federal school lunch program.

(d) The Agency shall, from funds appropriated for this subsection to the Agency, award grants to supervisory unions and supervisory districts in accordance with section 1264a of this title (locally produced foods). If the amount appropriated for this purpose is insufficient to fully fund the grants under that section, then the grant amounts that are awarded shall be prorated.

(e) Universal meals supplements shall be awarded in accordance with section 4017 of this title.
16 V.S.A. § 426 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 426
§ 426. Duties of the town school district treasurer
Status: in_force

(a) The town treasurer shall be treasurer of the town school district unless, by vote of the town school district, a town school district treasurer is elected. He or she shall keep in a separate bank account all the money appropriated or given for the use of the school district. Within 20 days after the date the school taxes become due and payable or within such other period of time as may be agreed upon in writing by both the selectboard and the board of school directors, he or she shall deposit in the school account payments of the school tax levy received. However, if notification of the amount to be transferred by the Secretary of Education to the school district has not been received within 20 days of the date taxes are due and payable, the transfer shall be effected within 20 days of notification by the Secretary.

(b) Within 120 days after the date on which taxes become delinquent, but in no event later than the end of the school year, the treasurer shall deposit the balance of the sum of the gross school tax levy in the school account.

(c) The treasurer shall pay out of such money orders drawn by or upon the authority of the board of school directors. If he or she does not pay any such order on demand, the holder thereof may recover the amount from the town school district with interest from the time of such demand. Monies so received by the town school district may be invested and reinvested by the treasurer with the approval of the board of school directors.

(d) The town school district treasurer shall keep financial records of cash receipts and disbursements and shall make those records available to the board of school directors or the supervisory union board when requested to do so.
16 V.S.A. § 1603 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 39 / Section 1603
§ 1603. Elements of the program
Status: in_force

(a) An eligible student may apply to enter the student apprenticeship program upon successful completion of grade 10 or its equivalent and meeting entrance requirements established by the State Board of Education.

(b) A program may be up to four years in length and shall require both academic study and work experience each program year. The program shall emphasize work-based learning, applied academics, team teaching, and other strategies that will enable the student apprentice to enter a postsecondary institution, a registered apprenticeship program, or the workforce in a position above entry level.

(c) The school board, working with the student and the employer, shall prepare an apprenticeship agreement. The agreement shall describe the responsibilities of each party, including program requirements and remuneration to the student by the employer as determined jointly by the student, apprenticeship coordinator, and worksite mentor and shall be valid when signed by each party.

(d) When an articulation agreement is requested and feasible, the school board shall negotiate one for apprentices working towards completion of registered apprenticeship or postsecondary degree requirements.

(e) The student apprenticeship coordinator shall assist the student in maintaining a portfolio that shall include a log of work activities and the results of assessments conducted periodically during the program.

(f) A student apprentice who successfully completes a student apprenticeship program shall receive an industry competency certificate issued by the State Board of Education. In order to earn an industry competency certificate, a student apprentice shall demonstrate mastery of industry competency standards and shall complete academic requirements for graduation.

(g) A record of mastery of skills attained through the apprenticeship program and high school graduation credit shall be recorded in the student's school record.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5.01 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 5.01
App. § 11-5.1. Grand list
Status: in_force

The grand list of the Town of Essex composed of the taxable property and estate within the limits of the District shall constitute the grand list of the District. The District may at an annual or special meeting legally warned for that purpose vote to lay and assess a tax on its grand list for school purposes, and all taxes so voted, laid, or assessed shall be paid and collected in the same manner as is proved by law or by this chapter for the payment and collection of town taxes, and the Prudential Committee, Clerk-Treasurer, and Collector of Taxes shall perform the same duties and have the same authority in respect thereto as is provided by law for members of selectboards, treasurers, collectors of taxes, and collectors of delinquent taxes in towns, except that the District shall charge a collection fee of eight percent in addition to any interest owing on any and all tax payments, including installment payments, made after expiration of the time established in the notice of taxes due mailed to each taxpayer as required by law.
16 V.S.A. § 495 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 495
§ 495. Vacancies
Status: in_force

(a) When a vacancy occurs in the office of a district officer, the district shall fill the vacancy at a special meeting.

(b) A vacancy occurring in the office of clerk of an incorporated school district caused by death, resignation, or otherwise shall be filled by the prudential committee within ten days after such vacancy occurs.
16 V.S.A. § 2471 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 77 / Section 2471
§ 2471. Military college of State; rank of faculty and staff
Status: in_force

Norwich University is hereby recognized as the military college of the State of Vermont, and its faculty and administrative staff shall have local rank assigned by the trustees as follows: the President shall have general officer rank; and the Dean, heads of departments, and members of the faculty and administrative staff shall have a rank below the rank of the President comparable to the position on the faculty as prescribed by the Board of Trustees of Norwich University, all without pay from the State.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5.01 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 5.01
App. § 5-1. Districts authorized to dissolve and merge
Status: in_force

Bennington Graded School District, Inc., incorporated by No. 121 of the Acts of 1870, and Greater Bennington Schools, Inc., incorporated by Nos. 240 and 241 of the Acts of 1935, are hereby authorized and enabled to surrender their respective charters, dissolve, and thereby merge into and form a municipal corporation to be called Bennington School District Incorporated, upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.
16 V.S.A. § 2501 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 78 / Section 2501
§ 2501. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Gender-affirming health care readiness” means each institution's preparedness to provide gender-affirming health care services to students or assist students in obtaining gender-affirming health care services, including having in place equipment, protocols, patient educational materials, informational websites, and training for staff; provided, however, that gender-affirming health care readiness may include the provision of gender-affirming health care services.

(2) “Gender-affirming health care services” has the same meaning as in 1 V.S.A. § 150.

(3) “Institution” means the University of Vermont or a college in the Vermont State College system.

(4) “Reproductive health care services” has the same meaning as in 1 V.S.A. § 150.

(5) “Reproductive health care readiness” means each institution's preparedness to provide reproductive health care services to students or assist students in obtaining reproductive health care services, including having in place equipment, protocols, patient educational materials, informational websites, and training for staff; provided, however, that reproductive health care readiness may include the provision of reproductive health care services.

(6) “Telehealth” has the same meaning as in 26 V.S.A. § 3052.
16 V.S.A. § 1938a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1938a
§ 1938a. Benefit denial; evidentiary hearing
Status: in_force

(a) An applicant for disability retirement benefits under section 1938 of this title may file a request for an evidentiary hearing with the Board of Trustees if the application for benefits is denied.

(b) The hearing shall be conducted by a hearing officer designated by the Board and in conformance with rules adopted by the Board. Rules adopted by the Board shall be consistent with 3 V.S.A. § 809.

(c) The decision of the hearing officer shall constitute final administrative action.
16 V.S.A. § 472 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 472
§ 472. Meetings; warnings
Status: in_force

(a) A district may, if it so votes at its annual meeting on the first Tuesday in March, fix a different date for holding its annual meetings, provided the date is not earlier than March 15 nor later than June 30. A notice of the proposed change shall be inserted in the warning of the annual meeting upon the written request of five percent of the voters of the district. Special meetings shall be warned on the application of five percent of the voters of the district.

(b) Meetings shall be warned by the clerk or, in case of his or her inability to act, by the prudential committee, by posting a notice specifying the time, place, and business of the meeting in two public places in the district at least seven days before the date of the meeting, and warnings shall be recorded before being posted.

(c) When a person whose duty it is to warn a school meeting neglects to do so for ten days, after application made as provided in this section, he or she shall forfeit to the district $20.00 for each ten days' neglect, to be recovered in an action on this statute.
16 V.S.A. § 1541a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / Section 1541a
§ 1541a. Responsibility of local boards in sending districts
Status: in_force

(a) A school board of a sending district that offers public education in grade 11 or 12 shall:

(1) Provide students enrolled in grades 11 and 12 with a genuine opportunity to participate fully and to benefit from career technical education.

(2) Provide students enrolled in programs at career technical centers transportation between its high school building and the career technical center or centers in its designated service region or regions.

(3) If the career technical center for the region does not offer a course of study desired by a student, pay tuition on behalf of that student who applies and is accepted to another career technical center that does offer such a course of study. The district of residence is not responsible for providing transportation for a student attending a career technical center under this subdivision.

(b) A school district that maintains a secondary school shall provide the names and addresses of enrolled students to the CTE center for its region for the limited purpose of the CTE center providing information to students and their parents about CTE center offerings. An approved independent school shall provide to the CTE center the names and addresses of enrolled secondary students for whom it receives publicly funded tuition dollars.
16 V.S.A. § 713 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / Section 713
§ 713. Certification of votes; designation of district as union school district; recording by Secretary of State
Status: in_force

(a) Within 45 days after the vote or 15 days after a vote to reconsider the original vote under 17 V.S.A. § 2661, whichever is later, the clerk of each school district voting on the proposal to form a union school district shall certify the results of that vote to the Secretary of Education. The clerk shall submit the certification regardless of whether the district voters approved the proposed formation of a union school district.

(b) If the voters voting in each school district identified as “necessary” to formation of the proposed union school district vote to form the district, then the “necessary” school districts constitute a union school district, together with any school district designated as “advisable” that votes to form the proposed union school district.

(c) If the voters approve formation of a union school district pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, then upon receiving the certification of each clerk pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, but not sooner than 30 days after the initial vote, the Secretary shall designate the newly formed district as a union school district. The Secretary shall certify that designation and send the certification together with the clerks' certifications to the Secretary of State, who shall record the certification.

(d) When the Secretary of State records the certification of the Secretary of Education, the union school district shall be a body politic and corporate with the powers incident to a municipal corporation, shall be known by the name or number given in the recorded certification, by that name or number may sue and be sued, and may hold and convey real and personal property for the use of the union school district. The recorded certification shall be notice to all parties of the formation of the union school district with all the powers incident to such a district as provided in this title.

(e) The Secretary of State shall file a certified copy of the recorded certification with the clerk of each member district of a new union elementary or union high school district and with the town clerk of each town within a new unified union school district. The Secretary of State shall file the certified copies not later than 14 days after the date on which the Secretary of Education certifies the existence of the union school district to the Secretary of State. Filing a certified copy with each clerk shall be prima facie evidence of full compliance with the requirements for the formation of a union school district as set forth in this subchapter.
16 V.S.A. § 1939 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1939
§ 1939. Restoration to service
Status: in_force

(a) In any fiscal year in which a beneficiary resumes service, as that term is defined in section 1931 of this title, he or she shall again become a member of the System, shall contribute at the rate established for members of his or her group and shall not be entitled to receive a retirement allowance, if he or she is:

(1) compensated in excess of the allowable number of days per school year as established by the Board for substitute teaching; or

(2) receives compensation in excess of 60 percent of the average compensation in the teacher System.

(b) If a person once again becomes a member under subsection (a) of this section, membership shall be retroactive to the beginning of the fiscal year in which the person resumed service and the member shall not be entitled to any retirement allowance received during that fiscal year. If the person received a retirement allowance during the fiscal year in which he or she resumed service, upon subsequent retirement the Board shall suspend his or her retirement allowance for a period necessary to reimburse the System for the total retirement allowance received during the period in which the beneficiary resumed service and became a member.

(c) Upon subsequent retirement of a person who once again becomes a member under subsection (a) of this section, the beneficiary's former retirement allowance shall be restored, but the beneficiary shall not be entitled to cost of living adjustments for the period during which he or she was restored to service. In addition to the former retirement allowance, a beneficiary shall be entitled to a retirement allowance separately computed for the period beginning with his or her last restoration to service for which the member has made a contribution.
16 V.S.A. § 1422 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 31 / Section 1422
§ 1422. Periodic hearing and vision screening; guidelines
Status: in_force

School districts and primary care providers shall conduct periodic hearing and vision screening of school-aged children pursuant to research-based guidelines developed by the Commissioner of Health in consultation with the Secretary of Education. School districts and primary care providers will attempt to avoid duplicating services provided by the other and will share information as practicable and allowable by law.
16 V.S.A. § 776 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 15 / Section 776
§ 776. Appropriation and apportionment of funds-Article VI
Status: in_force

A. Budget. Before each annual meeting, the interstate board shall prepare a report of expenditures for the preceding fiscal year, an estimate of expenditures for the current fiscal year, and a budget for the succeeding fiscal year.

B. Appropriation. The interstate board of directors shall present the budget report of the annual meeting. The interstate district shall appropriate a sum of money for the support of its schools and for the discharge of its obligations for the ensuing fiscal year.

C. Apportionment of Appropriation. Subject to the provisions of article VII hereof, the interstate board shall first apply against such appropriation any income to which the interstate district is entitled, and shall then apportion the balance among the member districts in accordance with one of the following formulas as determined by the articles of agreement as amended from time to time:

a. All of such balance to be apportioned on the basis of the ratio that the fair market value of the taxable property in each member district bears to that of the entire interstate district; or

b. All of such balance to be apportioned on the basis that the average daily resident membership for the preceding fiscal year of each member district bears to that of the average daily resident membership of the entire interstate school district; or

c. A formula based on any combination of the foregoing factors. The term “fair market value of taxable property” shall mean the last locally assessed valuation of a member district in New Hampshire, as last equalized by the New Hampshire state tax commission.

The term “fair market value of taxable property” shall mean the equalized grand list of a Vermont member district, as determined by the Vermont department of taxes.

Such assessed valuation and grand list may be further adjusted (by elimination of certain types of taxable property from one or the other or otherwise) in accordance with the articles of agreement, in order that the fair market value of taxable property in each state shall be comparable.

“Average daily resident membership” of the interstate district in the first instance shall be the sum of the average daily resident membership of the member districts in the grades involved for the preceding fiscal year where no students were enrolled in the interstate district schools for such preceding fiscal year.

D. Share of New Hampshire Member District. The interstate board shall certify the share of a New Hampshire member district of the total appropriation to the school board of each member district which shall add such sum to the amount appropriated by the member district itself for the ensuing year and raise such sum in the same manner as though the appropriation had been voted at a school district meeting of the member district. The interstate district shall not set up its own capital reserve funds; but a New Hampshire member district may set up a capital reserve fund in accordance with RSA 35, to be turned over to the interstate district in payment of the New Hampshire member district's share of any anticipated obligations.

E. Share of Vermont Member District. The interstate board shall certify the share of a Vermont member district of the total appropriation to the school board of each member district which shall add such sum to the amount appropriated by the member district itself for the ensuing year and raise such sum in the same manner as though the appropriation had been voted at a school district meeting of the member district.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5.09 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 5.09
App. § 5-9. Officers of new district
Status: in_force

(a) The officers of Bennington School District Incorporated shall be a Moderator, Clerk, Board of School Directors, and Treasurer.

(b) The Board of School Directors of Bennington School District Incorporated shall have seven members who shall be elected at large. When Bennington School District Incorporated so votes at an annual or special meeting, the Board of School Directors may be increased or decreased by such number as is voted.

(c) All officers of Bennington School District Incorporated elected at an annual meeting shall enter upon their duties immediately following their election and shall serve until their successors are elected and qualified.

(d) The terms of office of the members of the Board of School Directors, Moderator, Clerk, and Treasurer shall be three years and of all other officers one year.

(e) The Board of School Directors shall annually appoint a certified public accountant to audit the financial records of Bennington School District Incorporated.
16 V.S.A. § 806n — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 19 / Section 806n
§ 806n. Member states, effective date and amendment - Article XV
Status: in_force

A. Any state is eligible to become a member state.

B. The compact shall become effective and binding upon legislative enactment of the compact into law by no less than ten (10) of the states. The effective date shall be no earlier than December 1, 2007. Thereafter it shall become effective and binding as to any other member state upon enactment of the compact into law by that state. The governors of non-member states or their designees shall be invited to participate in the activities of the Interstate Commission on a non-voting basis prior to adoption of the compact by all states.

C. The Interstate Commission may propose amendments to the compact for enactment by the member states. No amendment shall become effective and binding upon the Interstate Commission and the member states unless and until it is enacted into law by unanimous consent of the member states.
16 V.S.A. § 242a — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 242a
§ 242a. Internal financial controls
Status: in_force

(a) The superintendent or his or her designee shall annually, on or before December 31, complete and provide to the supervisory union board and to all member district boards a copy of the document regarding internal financial controls made available by the Auditor of Accounts pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 163(11).

(b) The supervisory union board shall review the document provided by the superintendent within two months of receiving it.
16 V.S.A. § 4032 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4032
§ 4032. Supplemental District Spending Reserve [Effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met]
Status: reserved

(a) There is hereby created the Supplemental District Spending Reserve within the Education Fund. Any recapture, as defined in 32 V.S.A. § 5401, paid to the Education Fund as part of the revenue from the supplemental district spending tax imposed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 5402(f) shall be reserved within the Supplemental District Spending Reserve.

(b) In any fiscal year in which the amounts raised through the supplemental district spending tax imposed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 5402(f) are insufficient to cover payment to each school district of its supplemental district spending, the Supplemental District Spending Reserve shall be used by the Commissioner of Finance and Management to the extent necessary to offset the deficit as determined by generally accepted accounting principles.

(c) Any funds remaining in the Supplemental District Spending Reserve at the close of the fiscal year after accounting for the process under subsection (b) of this section shall be unreserved in the Education Fund for the purpose of decreasing the following year's statewide education property tax rate.
16 V.S.A. § 2844 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2844
§ 2844. Amount received; proration
Status: in_force

(a) Each undergraduate student who qualifies for an incentive grant shall apply on forms provided by the Corporation. The Corporation may consider the student for an incentive grant if the student meets the need-based eligibility standards established by the Board. These standards shall give due consideration to all relevant factors affecting the student's need, including the adjusted gross income and other sources of income of the student's parents; the adjusted gross income and other sources of income of a nondependent student; the assets of parents and students; the number of a parent's or nondependent student's children who are students enrolled in approved postsecondary education institutions at the same time; and any unusual circumstances that affect the family financial strength. Incentive grants shall be awarded on a rolling basis to eligible applicants based upon established need, and in total amount shall not exceed the funds made available from legislative appropriation or other sources. In no case shall a student's award be larger than that needed to attend the approved postsecondary education institution of the student's choice.

(b) The Corporation may prorate incentive grants on the basis of semesters, other recognized portions of a school year, or course load.

(c) Vermont resident students enrolled at the Medical College of the University of Vermont or enrolled in a program leading to the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine shall be eligible to apply for an incentive grant and shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section. In addition, veterinary students shall be eligible for grants not to exceed twice the amount of the average grant award made to full-time undergraduate students in the previous year under subsection (a) of this section.
16 V.S.A. § 425 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 425
§ 425. Other town school district officers
Status: in_force

Unless otherwise voted, the town clerk shall by virtue of the office perform the same duties for the town school district in addition to other duties assigned by this title.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 23.11 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 23 / Section 23.11
App. § 23-11. Voters; qualification
Status: in_force

The qualifications of a voter in the District shall be the same as the qualifications of a voter in the City of Winooski (Appendix D).
16 V.S.A. § 1073 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 25 / Section 1073
§ 1073. "Legal pupil" defined; access to school
Status: in_force

(a) Definition. “Legal pupil” means an individual who has attained the age of five years on or before January 1 next following the beginning of the school year. However, a school district may require that students admitted to kindergarten have attained the age of five on or before any date between August 31 and January 1.

(b) Access to school.

(1) Right to a public education. No legal pupil attending school at public expense, including a married, pregnant, or parenting student, shall be deprived of or denied the opportunity to participate in or complete a public school education.

(2) Right to enroll in a public or independent school. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 822 and 1075 of this title, a pregnant or parenting student may enroll in any approved public school in Vermont or an adjacent state, any approved independent school in Vermont, or any other educational program approved by the State Board in which any other legal pupil in Vermont may enroll.

(3) Teen parent education program.

(A) Residential teen parent education programs. The Secretary shall pay the educational costs for a pregnant or parenting student attending a State Board-approved teen parent education program in a 24-hour residential facility for up to eight months after the birth of the child. The Secretary may approve extension of payment of educational costs based on a plan for reintegration of the student into the community or for exceptional circumstances as determined by the Secretary. The district of residence of a student in a 24-hour residential facility shall remain responsible for coordination of the student's educational program and for planning and facilitating her subsequent educational program.

(B) Nonresidential teen parent education programs.

(i) The pregnant or parenting student's district of residence or the approved independent or public school to which that district pays tuition for its students (the enrolling school) shall be responsible for planning, coordinating, and assessing the enrolled student's education plan while attending a teen parent education program and for planning, assessing, and facilitating the student's subsequent education plan, including the student's transition back to the public or approved independent school. As determined by the district of residence or the enrolling school, as appropriate, the student's educational plan while attending a teen parent education program shall include learning experiences that are the substantial equivalent of the learning experiences required by the district of residence or the enrolling school to obtain a high school diploma.

(ii) A pregnant or parenting student may attend a nonresidential teen parent education program for a length of time to be determined by agreement of the student's district of residence, the enrolling school, the teen parent education program, and the student.

(iii) In the event of a dispute regarding any aspect of this subdivision (B), the district of residence, the enrolling school, the teen parent education program, or the student, or any combination of these, may request a determination from the Secretary whose decision shall be final; any determination by the Secretary regarding “substantial equivalency” pursuant to subdivision (i) of this subdivision (b)(3)(B) shall be based on the Secretary's analysis of the course syllabus or the course description provided by the district of residence or enrolling school.

(c) Prekindergarten and essential early education. An individual who is not a legal pupil may be enrolled in a public school in a prekindergarten program offered by or through a public school pursuant to rules adopted under section 829 of this title or in a program of essential early education offered pursuant to section 2956 of this title.

(d) If one or both of a child's parents or guardians are being relocated to the State under military orders, a school district shall allow registration of the student by mail, telephone, or electronically and shall not require the parent or legal guardian of the student or the student themselves to physically appear at a location within the district to register the student. Proof of required residency shall not be required at the time of the remote registration but shall be required within 10 days of the student's attendance in the school district.
16 V.S.A. § 1948 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1948
§ 1948. Errors
Status: in_force

Should any mistake be made, or should any change or error in the records result in any member or beneficiary receiving from the System more or less than he or she would have been entitled to receive had the records been correct, the Board shall have the power, in its discretion, to correct such mistake or such error, and as far as practicable, to adjust the payments in such a manner that the actuarial equivalent of the benefit to which such member or beneficiary was correctly entitled shall be paid or in such a manner that the impact upon the fund is de minimis.
16 V.S.A. § 1483 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 33 / Section 1483
§ 1483. Chapter printed in manuals or handbooks
Status: in_force

This chapter shall be printed in manuals or handbooks prepared for the guidance of teachers in a school or institution subject to the provisions of this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 3857 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3857
§ 3857. Liability of State
Status: in_force

The bonds and other obligations of the Agency shall not be a debt of the State of Vermont nor shall the State be liable thereon, nor shall they be payable out of any funds other than those of the Agency.
16 V.S.A. § 245 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 245
§ 245. Principals; technical center directors; mentoring
Status: in_force

(a) When a school district hires a principal or a career technical center director who has not been employed previously in that capacity, the superintendent serving the district, in consultation with the Vermont Principals' Association, shall work to ensure that the new principal or technical center director receives mentoring supports during at least the first two years of employment. Mentoring supports shall be consistent with best practices, research-based approaches, or other successful models, and shall be identified jointly by the Vermont Principals' Association and the Vermont Superintendents Association.

(b) When a school district hires a principal or career technical center director identified in subsection (a) of this section, the district shall allocate sufficient funds annually in the first two years of employment toward the cost of providing the mentoring supports from one or more of the following sources:

(1) funds allocated by the district for professional development;

(2) grant monies obtained for the purpose of providing mentoring supports;

(3) State funds appropriated for the purpose of providing mentoring supports; or

(4) other sources.

(c) This section shall not be interpreted to prohibit or discourage a superintendent from working to ensure that any administrator other than those identified in subsection (a) of this section receives mentoring supports.
16 V.S.A. § 2691 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 83 / Section 2691
§ 2691. Purposes-Article I
Status: in_force

The purposes of the New England Higher Education Compact shall be to provide greater educational opportunities and services through the establishment and maintenance of a coordinated educational program for the persons residing in the several states of New England parties to this compact, with the aim of furthering higher education in the fields of medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, public health and in professional, technical, scientific, literary and other fields.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5.12 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 5.12
App. § 5-12. Organization of Mt. Anthony Union High School District (No. 14) validated
Status: in_force

The organization and operation of Mt. Anthony Union High School District (No. 14), consisting of Bennington Graded School District, Inc., Greater Bennington Schools, Inc., North Bennington Graded School District, Inc., Shaftsbury Town School District, Woodford Town School District, and Pownal Town School District as altered and affected by this chapter, is hereby validated.
16 V.S.A. § 2831 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2831
§ 2831. Membership; vacancies
Status: in_force

The Corporation shall be governed and all of its powers exercised by a Board of Directors consisting of 11 members. The Governor shall appoint five members as follows: one person to be the financial aid officer of an institution of postsecondary education in the State of Vermont; one person to be a guidance counselor from a Vermont secondary school; and three members representing the general public. In making the appointments of the members representing the general public, the Governor shall give due consideration to the Board's needs for expertise and experience in the management of a financial institution. The State Treasurer or his or her designee shall be a member. The Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives and the Committee on Committees of the Vermont Senate shall each appoint one member from their respective legislative bodies to serve on the Board. The Board shall elect three additional members. All members shall be of full age, citizens of the United States, and residents of Vermont. All appointments shall be for terms of six years with the exception of legislative members whose terms shall expire at the end of six years or when their service in the Vermont General Assembly is completed, whichever shall first occur. The date of the expiration of the term of appointment in each case shall be June 30. Vacancies that may occur by reason of death or resignation shall be filled in the same manner as original appointments.
16 V.S.A. § 1163 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 25 / Section 1163
§ 1163. Transfer of suspension or expulsion to other schools
Status: in_force

(a) If a student transfers from one Vermont public or independent school to another, then upon application by the student and after a review of whether the school can provide the student with appropriate services, the new school may choose to continue a suspension or expulsion imposed by the original school.

(b) During a period of suspension or expulsion imposed under section 1162 of this title, a student, or parent or guardian, shall not be subject to the provisions of subchapter 3 of this chapter regarding compulsory attendance at school, unless the conditions of the suspension or expulsion include participation in a program in the school or an alternative program outside the school. Further, nothing in this section shall prohibit a suspended or expelled student from applying to a different Vermont public or independent school during the period of suspension or expulsion and attending if accepted.

(c) A school district that provides for the education of a suspended or expelled student by paying tuition to a public or approved independent school may, at the discretion of the school board, provide for the education of the student during the period of suspension or expulsion by paying tuition to another public or approved independent school.
16 V.S.A. § 581 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 581
§ 581. Intent
Status: in_force

It is the intent of the General Assembly for all students in Vermont to access the benefits of a phone- and social media-free school environment, which promotes focus, improved mental health, and increased social cohesion.
16 V.S.A. § 1551 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / Section 1551
§ 1551. Secondary student eligibility
Status: in_force

(a) A secondary student shall be enrolled in a program of part-time or full-time career technical education at a career technical center if he or she:

(1) applies for the program; and

(2) is accepted into the program by the career technical center.

(b) A secondary student who is eligible to enroll in a career technical center, but who resides in a sending school district, and who so applies, shall be enrolled for academic education in the high school associated with the career technical center if:

(1) the sending school district operates a high school but does not provide daily transportation at its expense to and from the career technical center; or

(2) the sending school district does not operate a high school.

(c) A secondary student who enrolls in a career technical center may enroll part-time in any school to which he or she would otherwise be entitled to enroll for full-time attendance.
16 V.S.A. § 4016 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4016
§ 4016. Reimbursement for transportation expenditures
Status: in_force

(a) A school district or supervisory union that incurs allowable transportation expenditures shall receive a transportation reimbursement grant each year. The grant shall be equal to 50 percent of allowable transportation expenditures; provided, however, that in any year the total amount of grants under this subsection shall not exceed the total amount of adjusted base year transportation grant expenditures. The total amount of base year transportation grant expenditures shall be $10,000,000.00 for fiscal year 1997, increased each year thereafter by the annual price index for state and local government purchases of goods and services. If in any year the total amount of the grants under this subsection exceed the adjusted base year transportation grant expenditures, the amount of each grant awarded shall be reduced proportionately. Transportation grants paid under this section shall be paid from the Education Fund and shall be added to education spending payment receipts paid under section 4011 of this title.

(b) In this section, “allowable transportation expenditures” means the costs of transporting students to and from school for regular classroom services and shall not include expenditures for transporting students participating in curricular activities that take place off the school grounds or for transporting students participating in cocurricular activities. The State Board shall further define allowable transportation expenditures by rule.

(c) A district or supervisory union may apply and the Secretary may pay for extraordinary transportation expenditures incurred due to geographic or other conditions such as the need to transport students out of the school district to attend another school because the district does not maintain a public school. The State Board shall define extraordinary transportation expenditures by rule. The total amount of base year extraordinary transportation grant expenditures shall be $250,000.00 for fiscal year 1997, increased each year thereafter by the annual price index for state and local government purchases of goods and services. Extraordinary transportation expenditures shall not be paid out of the funds appropriated under subsection (b) of this section for other transportation expenditures. Grants paid under this section shall be paid from the Education Fund and shall be added to education spending payment receipts paid under section 4011 of this title.
16 V.S.A. § 256 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 256
§ 256. Continued validity of criminal record check; maintenance of records
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Anyone required to request a criminal record check under this subchapter about a person who previously has undergone a check, regardless of whether the check was for student teaching, licensure, or employment purposes, shall comply with that requirement by acquiring the results of the previous criminal record check unless:

(A) the person refuses to authorize release of the information;

(B) the record no longer exists;

(C) since the record check, there has been a period of one year or more during which the person has not worked for a Vermont school district or a recognized or an approved independent school; or

(D) as otherwise required by this chapter.

(2) Anyone required to request a criminal record check under this subchapter about a person who has previously undergone a check may request a name and date of birth or fingerprint-supported recheck of the criminal record at any time during the course of the record subject's employment in the capacity for which the original check was required. Rechecking criminal records may be accomplished through a subscription service.

(b) A superintendent or headmaster who receives criminal record or registry information under this subchapter shall maintain the record or information pursuant to the user agreement for maintenance of records. At the end of the time required by the user agreement for maintenance of the information, the superintendent or headmaster shall destroy the information in accordance with the user agreement unless the person authorizes maintenance of the record. If authorized by the person, the superintendent or headmaster shall:

(1) if the information is a notice of no criminal record, securely maintain the information indefinitely; or

(2) if the information is a criminal record or notice of the existence of a criminal record, send it to the Secretary for secure maintenance in a central records repository.

(c) Upon authorization by the person, the Secretary shall release information maintained in the central records repository to a requesting superintendent or, in the case of a requesting headmaster, to the person. The Secretary shall maintain the notice or record in the repository at least until the person ceases working for a Vermont school district or independent school for a period of one year or more or until the person requests that the record be destroyed.

(d) The State Board may adopt rules regarding maintenance of records.
16 V.S.A. § 910 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / Section 910
§ 910. Coordination of services to children and adolescents with a severe emotional disturbance
Status: in_force

Each town, city, interstate, incorporated, unified, or union school district shall cooperate with the Agency of Education and the Departments of Mental Health, for Children and Families, and of Disabilities, Aging, and Independent Living when coordinating educational services to children and adolescents with a severe emotional disturbance pursuant to the provisions of 33 V.S.A. chapter 43.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 4.03 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 4.03
App. § 11-4.3. Warnings
Status: in_force

A warning for an annual or special District meeting shall be posted in three or more public places in the District not less than 30 and not more than 40 days before the meeting, setting forth the time and place of the meeting and the business to be done.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2.01 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 2.01
App. § 11-2.1. Officers
Status: in_force

The officers shall be a Moderator, five Prudential Committee members composing the Prudential Committee, a Clerk-Treasurer who shall be the same person, and a Collector of Taxes. All officers shall be chosen from legally qualified voters in the District.
16 V.S.A. § 2732 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 83 / Section 2732
§ 2732. Compensation of members
Status: in_force

The appointed members of the board shall receive $ 30.00 a day for the time actually spent in the performance of their duties, and all members of the board shall receive their actual and necessary expenses when away from home upon their official duties.
16 V.S.A. § 3859 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3859
§ 3859. Exemptions from taxation
Status: in_force

(a) The creation of the Agency and the carrying out of its corporate purposes is in all respects for the benefit of the people of the State of Vermont and for the improvement of their education, health, welfare, and prosperity, and is a public purpose. The Agency will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the powers conferred upon it by this chapter. The State of Vermont covenants with the holders of the bonds and notes that the Agency shall be required to pay no taxes or assessments upon any of the property acquired by it or under its jurisdiction, control, possession, or supervision, or upon its activities in the operation and maintenance of facilities, or upon any monies, revenues, or other income received by the Agency; and that the bonds and notes of the Agency and the income from them shall at all times be exempt from taxation, except for transfer and estate taxes.

(b) The State of Vermont does pledge to and agree with the holders of the bonds that the State will not limit or alter the rights hereby vested in the Agency to acquire, mortgage, construct, reconstruct, and equip the facilities; to maintain, reconstruct, improve, and operate the facilities; to establish and collect such rates, rental, fees, and other charges as may be convenient or necessary to produce sufficient revenue to meet the expense of maintenance and operation; and to fulfill the terms of any agreements made with the holders of the bonds or in any way impair the rights and remedies of the bondholders, until the bonds, together with interest, thereon, with interest on any unpaid installment of interest, and all costs and expenses incurred by the Agency in connection with the facilities or in connection with any action or proceedings by or on behalf of the bondholders, are fully met and discharged.
16 V.S.A. § 2654 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 82 / Section 2654
§ 2654. Consultant services by Department of Health
Status: in_force

The Department of Health may furnish consultant services as requested by the Vermont State College Board of Trustees in connection with this chapter. (1961, No. 95, § 2; amended 1993, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 4.)
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 13.07 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 13 / Section 13.07
App. § 13-7. Acceptance of scholars
Status: in_force

The Prudential Committee of the Incorporated School District may admit scholars coming from outside the District upon such terms as they may prescribe.
16 V.S.A. § 1944b — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / Section 1944b
§ 1944b. Retired Teachers' Health and Medical Benefits Fund
Status: repealed

(a) There is established the Retired Teachers' Health and Medical Benefits Fund (Benefits Fund) to pay retiree postemployment benefits when due in accordance with the terms established by the Board of Trustees of the State Teachers' Retirement System of Vermont pursuant to subsection 1942(p) and section 1944e of this title. The Benefits Fund is intended to comply with and be a tax exempt governmental trust under Section 115 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Benefits Fund shall be administered by the Treasurer.

(b) The Benefits Fund shall consist of:

(1) all monies remitted to the State on behalf of the members of the State Teachers' Retirement System of Vermont for prescription drug plans, including manufacturer rebates, as well as monies pursuant to the Employer Group Waiver Plan with Wrap pursuant to the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003;

(2) any monies appropriated by the General Assembly for the purpose of paying postemployment benefits for retired members and their dependents provided by subsection 1942(p) and section 1944e of this title;

(3) any monies pursuant to subsection (h) of this section; and

(4) [Repealed.]

(5) any monies pursuant to section 1944d of this title.

(c) No employee contributions shall be deposited in the Benefits Fund.

(d) The Treasurer may invest monies in the Benefits Fund in accordance with the provisions of 32 V.S.A. § 434 or, in the alternative, may enter into an agreement with the Vermont Pension Investment Commission to invest such monies in accordance with the standards of care established by the prudent investor rule under 14A V.S.A. § 902, in a manner similar to the Commission's investment of retirement system monies. Interest earned shall remain in the Benefits Fund, and all balances remaining at the end of a fiscal year shall be carried over to the following year. The Treasurer's annual financial report to the Governor and the General Assembly shall contain an accounting of receipts, disbursements, and earnings of the Benefits Fund.

(e) [Repealed.]

(f) Contributions to the Benefits Fund shall be irrevocable and it shall be impossible at any time prior to the satisfaction of all liabilities, with respect to employees and their beneficiaries, for any part of the corpus or income of the Benefits Fund to be used for, or diverted to, purposes other than the payment of retiree postemployment benefits to members and their beneficiaries and reasonable expenses of administering the Benefits Fund and related benefit plans.

(g) [Repealed.]

(h) State contribution.

(1) Beginning on July 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the State shall make annual contributions to the Benefits Fund known as the “normal contribution” and the “accrued liability contribution,” each of which shall be fixed on the basis of the liabilities of the System as shown by the most recent actuarial valuation and made by separate appropriation in the annual budget enacted by the General Assembly:

(A) The “normal contribution” shall be the amount that, if contributed over each member's prospective period of service, will be sufficient to provide for the payment of all future retiree postemployment benefits after subtracting the unfunded actuarial liability and the total assets of the Benefits Fund. The “normal cost” shall be identified using the actuarial cost method known as “projected unit credit” and applying a rate of return equal to the most recently adopted actuarial rate of return pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 523.

(B) The “accrued liability contribution” shall be the annual payment set forth in the most recent actuarial valuation that is necessary to liquidate the unfunded accrued liability over a closed period of 26 years and determined based on the funding schedule set forth in this section.

(i) It is the policy of the State of Vermont to liquidate fully the unfunded accrued liability for the payment of retiree postemployment benefits.

(ii) Beginning on July 1, 2022, until the unfunded accrued liability is liquidated, the accrued liability contribution shall be the annual payment required to liquidate the unfunded accrued liability over a closed period of 26 years ending on June 30, 2048, provided that the amount of each annual basic accrued liability contribution shall be determined by amortization of the unfunded liability over the remainder of the closed 26-year period in installments.

(2) Any variation in the contribution of normal or accrued liability contributions from those recommended by the actuary and any actuarial gains and losses shall be added or subtracted to the unfunded accrued liability and amortized over the remainder of the closed 26-year period.

(3) The Board shall review annually the amount of State contributions recommended by the actuary of the Retirement System. Based on this review, the Board shall determine the amount of State contribution necessary for the next fiscal year to achieve and preserve the financial integrity of the funds. On or before December 15 of each year, the Board shall inform the Governor and the House and Senate Committees on Government Operations and on Appropriations in writing about the amount needed. The provisions of 2 V.S.A. § 20(d) (expiration of required reports) shall not apply to the report to be made under this subsection.
16 V.S.A. § 4019 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4019
§ 4019. Small schools; sparse schools; support grants [Effective July 1, 2028 if contingency met]
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions. As used in this section:

(1) “Enrollment” means the number of students who are enrolled in a school operated by the school district on October 1. A student shall be counted as one whether the student is enrolled as a full-time or part-time student.

(2) “Small school” means a school that:

(A) has fewer than 100 pupils in two-year average enrollment; and

(B) has been determined by the State Board of Education, on an annual basis, to be “small by necessity” under standards consistent with those submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to 2025 Acts and Resolves No. 73, Sec. 8(b).

(3) “Sparse area” means a city, town, or incorporated village where the number of persons per square mile residing within the land area of the geographic boundaries of the city, town, or incorporated village as of July 1 of the year of determination is fewer than 55 persons.

(4) “Sparse school” means a school that:

(A) is within a sparse area; and

(B) has been determined by the State Board of Education, on an annual basis, to be “sparse by necessity” under standards consistent with those submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to 2025 Acts and Resolves No. 73, Sec. 8(b).

(5) “Two-year average enrollment” means the average enrollment of the two most recently completed school years.

(b) Small schools support grant. Annually, the Secretary shall pay a small schools support grant to each school district for each small school within the school district in an amount determined by multiplying the two-year average enrollment in the small school by $3,157.00.

(c) Sparse schools support grant. Annually, the Secretary shall pay a sparse schools support grant to each school district for each sparse school within the school district in an amount determined by multiplying the two-year average enrollment in the sparse school by $1,954.00.

(d) Inflationary adjustment. Each dollar amount under subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall be adjusted for inflation annually on or before November 15 by the Secretary. As used in this subsection, “adjusted for inflation” means adjusting the dollar amount by the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) implicit price deflator for state and local government consumption expenditures and gross investment published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, from fiscal year 2025 through the fiscal year for which the amount is being determined, and rounding upward to the nearest whole dollar amount.
16 V.S.A. § 2822 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2822
§ 2822. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Corporation” means the Vermont Student Assistance Corporation.

(2) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Vermont Student Assistance Corporation.

(3) “Student” means any person who:

(A) has graduated from a secondary school, satisfied the requirements for graduation by passing examinations covering the subject matter of a secondary school curriculum, or met the eligibility criteria established by the U.S. Secretary of Education for the receipt of student financial assistance under Title IV of the Higher Education Act, and in each case who is attending or plans to attend an approved postsecondary education institution; or

(B) is attending an approved postsecondary education institution. For the purposes of the student loan program, “student” means a student as defined by the Board and which definition shall not be inconsistent with federal regulations.

(4) “Parents” means a student's parent or parents as determined by the Corporation consistently with the requirements of the federal financial assistance programs established under Title IV of the Higher Education Act.

(5) “Adjusted gross income” means an individual's adjusted gross income under the laws of the United States relating to federal income taxes for the tax year next preceding the school year for which a grant or loan is sought.

(6) “Approved postsecondary education institution” means any institution of postsecondary education that is:

(A) certified by the State Board of Education as provided in section 176 or 176a of this title;

(B) accredited by an accrediting agency approved by the U.S. Secretary of Education pursuant to the Higher Education Act;

(C) a non-U.S. institution approved by the United States Secretary of Education as eligible for use of education loans made under Title IV of the Higher Education Act; or

(D) a non-U.S. institution designated by the Corporation as eligible for use of its grant awards.

(7) “Resident” means, with respect to a student, a student who has been domiciled in Vermont for the year preceding the date of commencement of the relevant semester or academic program. A residence established in Vermont for the purpose of attending an educational institution shall not of itself be sufficient to establish domicile in Vermont. Whenever a resident student loses his or her Vermont domicile, as in the case of a minor whose parents move from the State, the student shall thereafter be reclassified as a nonresident.

(8) “Taxable,” when used in reference to a note, bond, or other obligation means that the interest on that obligation is includable in the gross income of the holder under the laws of the United States relating to federal income taxes.

(9) “Higher Education Act” means the federal Higher Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. No. 89-329, 20 U.S.C. chapter 28, as amended, together with the regulations promulgated under that Act by the U.S. Secretary of Education.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.14 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 1.14
App. § 1-14. Vermont Agricultural College
Status: in_force

The divisions of the Vermont Agricultural College set forth in section 4488 of Vermont Statutes, Revision of 1947, shall be continued as divisions of and in the name of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, and all references to Vermont Agricultural College in sections 4489 through 4493 shall be deemed to apply to the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College or the agricultural college of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College as the context may require.
16 V.S.A. § 2904 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 99 / Section 2904
§ 2904. Reports
Status: in_force

Annually, each superintendent shall report to the Secretary in a form prescribed by the Secretary, on the status of the educational support systems in each school in the supervisory union. The report shall describe the services and supports that are a part of the education support system, how they are funded, and how building the capacity of the educational support system has been addressed in the school action plans, and shall be in addition to the report required of the educational support team in subdivision 2902(c)(6) of this chapter. The superintendent's report shall include a description and justification of how funds received due to Medicaid reimbursement under section 2959a of this title were used.
16 V.S.A. § 422 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 422
§ 422. Meetings
Status: in_force

(a) The annual town meeting shall be the annual town school district meeting. However, at any annual or special school district meeting, the electorate may authorize the annual school district meeting to be held on another date so long as the meeting is held after February 1 and before June 15.

(b) A warning to change the date for the annual school district meeting shall contain an article in substantially the following form: “Shall the town school district of .................... hold its annual meeting on .................... ?”

(c) Town school district meetings shall be warned by the school board and shall contain appropriate articles notifying the electorate of the election of its officers and the business to be transacted.

(d) A town consisting of one town school district may transact at any regular or special town meeting any and all business lawful to be done at any lawfully warned regular or special town school district meeting.
16 V.S.A. § 2880 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2880
§ 2880. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter:

(1) “Approved postsecondary education institution” means any institution of postsecondary education that is:

(A) certified by the State Board of Education as provided in section 176 or 176a of this title;

(B) accredited by an accrediting agency approved by the U.S. Secretary of Education pursuant to the Higher Education Act;

(C) a non-U.S. institution approved by the U.S. Secretary of Education as eligible for use of education loans made under Title IV of the Higher Education Act; or

(D) a non-U.S. institution designated by the Corporation as eligible for use of its grant awards.

(2) “Committee” means the Vermont Universal Children's Higher Education Savings Account Program Fund Advisory Committee.

(3) “Corporation” means Vermont Student Assistance Corporation.

(4) “Eligible child” means a minor who is a Vermont resident at the time the Corporation deposits or allocates funds pursuant to this subchapter for his or her benefit.

(5) “Postsecondary education costs” means the qualified costs of tuition, fees, and other expenses for attendance at an institution of postsecondary education, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the regulations promulgated under that Code.

(6) “Program” means the Vermont Universal Children's Higher Education Savings Account Program.

(7) “Program beneficiary” means an individual who is or who was at one time an eligible child for whom the Corporation deposited or allocated funds pursuant to this subchapter and who has not yet attained 29 years of age or, for national service program participants, the extended maturity date.

(8) “Program Fund” means the Vermont Universal Children's Higher Education Savings Account Program Fund.

(9) “Vermont Higher Education Investment Plan” or “Investment Plan” means the plan created pursuant to subchapter 7 of this chapter.

(10) “Vermont resident” means an individual who is domiciled in Vermont as evidenced by the individual's intent to maintain a principal dwelling place in Vermont indefinitely and to return there if temporarily absent, coupled with an act or acts consistent with that intent. A minor is a Vermont resident if his or her parent or legal guardian is a Vermont resident, unless a parent or legal guardian with sole legal and physical parental rights and responsibilities lives outside the State of Vermont.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.15 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 1 / Section 1.15
App. § 1-15. Tax exemption
Status: in_force

Real and personal property now held or owned or hereafter acquired by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 5.07 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 5 / Section 5.07
App. § 5-7. New district to vote a tax on the combined grand list of old districts; fiscal year
Status: in_force

(a) The taxable estates within the territorial limits of Bennington School District Incorporated shall be combined into one grand list. The Bennington School District Incorporated may vote a tax upon those taxable estates for the lawful purposes of the district, including the payment of obligations imposed upon the District by sections 4, 5, and 6 of this chapter.

(b) The fiscal year of Bennington School District Incorporated shall be from July 1 in any calendar year to June 30 in the following calendar year.
16 V.S.A. § 3441 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 123 / Section 3441
§ 3441. Repealed. 2023, No. 149 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. June 30, 2029.
Status: in_force

(a) Intent. It is the intent of the General Assembly that the Facilities Master Plan Grant Program established pursuant to this section shall enable supervisory unions and independent career and technical education districts to develop a supervisory union level vision for all school buildings that meets the educational needs and goals of the supervisory union. The goal of a facilities master plan shall be to facilitate an evaluation of the capacity of existing facilities to deliver on identified 21st century educational goals. A facilities master plan shall also enable and require supervisory unions to engage in intentional and robust conversations with the larger community that will hopefully lead to the successful passage of bonds needed to support the renovation or construction needs of the supervisory union. It is the intent of the General Assembly that awards shall be granted in accordance with this section and in a manner that allows a maximum number of supervisory unions and independent career and technical education districts to successfully complete facilities master plans.

(b) Definition. As used in this section, “supervisory union” has the same meaning as in subdivision 11(a)(23) of this title and includes supervisory districts and independent career and technical education districts.

(c) Establishment. There is established the Facilities Master Plan Grant Program to be administered by the Agency of Education, from funds appropriated for this purpose to supervisory unions and independent career and technical education districts to support the development of educational facilities master plans. Grant funds may be used to hire a consultant to assist in the development of the master plan with the goal of developing a final master plan that complies with State construction aid requirements.

(d) Standards for the disbursement of funds. The Agency shall develop standards for the disbursement of grant funds in accordance with the following:

(1) Grants shall be awarded to applicants with the highest facilities needs. The Agency shall develop a prioritization formula based on an applicant's poverty factor and average facilities condition index score. The Agency shall develop or choose a poverty metric to use for the prioritization formula. The Agency may give priority to applications with a regionalization focus that consist of more than one supervisory union or independent career and technical education district that apply as a consortium.

(2) Award amounts shall be commensurate with the gross square footage of buildings located within the applicable supervisory union or career and technical education district.

(3) The Agency shall develop minimum requirements for an educational facilities master plan, which shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:

(A) a description of the educational mission, vision, and goals of the supervisory union;

(B) a description of educational programs and services offered by the supervisory union;

(C) the performance of a space utilization assessment;

(D) the identification of new program needs;

(E) the development of enrollment projections;

(F) the performance of a facilities assessment; and

(G) information regarding the various design options explored to address the supervisory union's identified needs.

(e) Report. Annually on or before December 31, the Agency shall submit to the House and Senate Committees on Education a written report with information on the implementation of the grant program created in this section.
16 V.S.A. § 4000 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4000
§ 4000. Statement of policy
Status: repealed

(a) The intent of this chapter is to make educational opportunity available to each student in each town on substantially equal terms, in accordance with the Vermont Constitution and the Vermont Supreme Court decision of February 5, 1997, Brigham v. State of Vermont.

(b) [Repealed.]
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.08 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 1.08
App. § 11-1.8. Effect of prior law
Status: repealed

All acts, parts of acts, and bylaws, inconsistent with this chapter, except as herein otherwise provided, are hereby repealed. By the provisions of this chapter, so far as they are the same as those acts hereby amended, shall be construed as a continuation and consolidation of such acts, and not as new enactments.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 1.03 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 1.03
App. § 11-1.3. Disposition of property
Status: in_force

All property, assets, and liabilities now belonging to the Essex Junction Graded School District shall at the time of the taking effect of this chapter vest in and become property, asset, liability or both, of the Essex Junction School District as incorporated by this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 2044 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 59 / Section 2044
§ 2044. Approved and accepted programs-Article IV
Status: in_force

1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to repeal or otherwise modify any law or regulation of a party State relating to the approval of programs of educational preparation having effect solely on the qualification of educational personnel within that State.

2. To the extent that contracts made pursuant to this Agreement deal with the educational requirements for the proper qualification of educational personnel, acceptance of a program of educational preparation shall be in accordance with such procedures and requirements as may be provided in the applicable contract.
16 V.S.A. § 941 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / Section 941
§ 941. Flexible Pathways Initiative
Status: repealed

(a) There is created within the Agency a Flexible Pathways Initiative:

(1) to encourage and support the creativity of school districts as they develop and expand high-quality educational experiences that are an integral part of secondary education in the evolving 21st-century classroom;

(2) to promote opportunities for Vermont students to achieve postsecondary readiness through high-quality educational experiences that acknowledge individual goals, learning styles, and abilities; and

(3) to increase the rates of secondary school completion and postsecondary continuation and retention in Vermont.

(b) The Secretary shall develop, publish, and regularly update guidance, in the form of technical assistance, sharing of best practices and model documents, legal interpretations, and other support designed to assist school districts:

(1) To identify and support secondary students who require additional assistance to succeed in school and to identify ways in which individual students would benefit from flexible pathways to graduation.

(2) To work with every student in grade seven through grade 12 in an ongoing personalized learning planning process that:

(A) identifies the student's emerging abilities, aptitude, and disposition;

(B) includes participation by families and other engaged adults;

(C) guides decisions regarding course offerings and other high-quality educational experiences;

(D) identifies career and postsecondary planning options using resources provided pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection (b); and

(E) is documented by a personalized learning plan.

(3) To create opportunities for secondary students to pursue flexible pathways to graduation that:

(A) increase aspiration and encourage postsecondary continuation of training and education;

(B) are an integral component of a student's personalized learning plan; and

(C) include:

(i) applied or work-based learning opportunities, including career and career technical education and internships;

(ii) virtual learning and blended learning;

(iii) dual enrollment opportunities as set forth in section 944 of this title;

(iv) early college programs as set forth in subsection 4011(e) of this title; and

(v) [Repealed.]

(vi) adult education and secondary credential opportunities as set forth in section 945 of this title.

(4) To provide students, beginning not later than in grade seven, with career development and postsecondary planning resources to ensure that they are able to take full advantage of the opportunities available within the flexible pathways to graduation and to achieve their career and postsecondary education and training goals. Resources provided pursuant to this subdivision shall include information regarding the admissions process and requirements necessary to proceed with any and all military-related opportunities.

(c) Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed as discouraging or limiting the authority of any school district to develop or continue to provide educational opportunities for its students that are otherwise permitted, including the provision of Advanced Placement courses.

(d) An individual entitlement or private right of action shall not arise from creation of a personalized learning plan.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 2.07 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 2.07
App. § 11-2.7. Clerk-Treasurer
Status: in_force

The Clerk-Treasurer of Essex Junction School District shall keep a record of the proceedings of the District and shall have the power to certify the copies of the same and shall perform the duties and have the authority and powers incident to clerks and treasurers of other municipal corporations. All money belonging to the District shall be paid to the Clerk-Treasurer, be safely kept, and paid out by the Clerk-Treasurer only upon orders issued by the Prudential Committee, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 2879e — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2879e
§ 2879e. Construction and application
Status: in_force

This subchapter shall be construed liberally in order to effectuate its legislative intent. The purposes of this subchapter and all provisions of this subchapter with respect to powers granted shall be broadly interpreted to effectuate such intent and purposes and not as to any limitation of powers. This subchapter shall be interpreted and enforced in a manner that shall achieve this public purpose in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, except to the extent the Code is inconsistent with the provisions of 32 V.S.A. § 5825a.
16 V.S.A. § 3853 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 131 / Section 3853
§ 3853. Powers
Status: in_force

The Agency may:

(1) Sue and be sued.

(2) Have a seal and alter it at pleasure.

(3) Acquire property, both real and personal, in the name of the Agency, including leasehold and other interest in land necessary or convenient in the Agency's determination for its corporate purposes, and hold, mortgage, and dispose of (including selling and leasing) all property, both real and personal, all upon such terms and conditions as the Agency may deem advisable; provided, however, that the Agency shall not be required to acquire any interest in property in connection with the financing of any facilities.

(4) Make bylaws for the management and regulation of its affairs.

(5) Appoint officers, agents, consultants, and employees and fix their compensation, subject to approval of the Governor.

(6) Make and execute financing agreements and all other instruments necessary or convenient for the exercise of the powers and functions conferred on the Agency under this chapter.

(7) Prepare plans, specifications, designs, and estimates of cost for the acquisition and construction of facilities and, by contract or its own employees, acquire, construct, improve, maintain, and operate facilities; fix, revise, and collect fees, rents, and other charges for the use or occupancy of facilities or for services rendered by facilities; contract with holders of its bonds to fix, revise, and collect fees, rents, and charges producing revenues at least sufficient to pay all costs of operation, maintenance, and repair of the facilities and the principal, interest, and redemption premium, if any, on bonds; and provide by contract or otherwise for the promulgation, by the Agency or such other body or officer as may be specified by the Agency, of such reasonable and proper rules respecting facilities as the Agency may deem necessary to assure the maximum use of the facilities at all times.

(8) Borrow money and issue negotiable bonds or notes and provide for the rights of the holders thereof.

(9) Do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of the Agency.

(10) Acquire and enter into commitments to acquire any federally guaranteed security, including any federally guaranteed mortgage, and pledge or otherwise use any such federally guaranteed security in such manner as the Agency deems in its best interests to secure or otherwise provide a source of repayment on any of its bonds or notes issued on behalf of any eligible institution or enter into any appropriate agreement with any eligible institution by which the Agency may make a loan to such eligible institution for the purpose of acquiring and entering into commitments to acquire any federally guaranteed security. Any agreement entered into pursuant to this subdivision may contain such provisions that are deemed necessary or desirable by the Agency for the security or protection of the Agency or the holders of such bonds or notes; provided, however, that the Agency, prior to making any such acquisition, commitment, or loan, shall first determine, and shall first enter into an agreement with any such eligible institution to require that the proceeds derived from any such federally guaranteed security will be used for the purpose of providing or refinancing any facilities for any eligible institution.
16 V.S.A. § 1055 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 24 / Section 1055
§ 1055. Conditions
Status: in_force

(a) No student may take a periodic released time religious education course without first having obtained:

(1) written permission from the student's parent or guardian containing a release of the school from all legal responsibility for the student while engaged in the periodic released time program; and

(2) written permission from the sponsoring religious group to attend such course.

(b) All costs of periodic released time religious education courses shall be borne by the sponsoring religious group.
16 V.S.A. § 806p — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 19 / Section 806p
§ 806p. Severability and construction - Article XVII
Status: in_force

A. The provisions of this compact shall be severable, and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision is deemed unenforceable, the remaining provisions of the compact shall be enforceable.

B. The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to effectuate its purposes.

C. Nothing in this compact shall be construed to prohibit the applicability of other interstate compacts to which the states are members.
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 4.04 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 11 / Section 4.04
App. § 11-4.4. Parliamentary and voting procedures
Status: in_force

All decisions at District meetings shall be decided by majority vote unless otherwise provided in this chapter. Parliamentary matters shall follow Robert's Rules of Order as it is from time to time revised.
16 V.S.A. § 2901 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 99 / Section 2901
§ 2901. Success for all students in the general education environment
Status: repealed

(a) Each local school district shall develop and maintain, in consultation with parents, a comprehensive system of education that is designed to result, to the extent appropriate, in all students succeeding in the general education environment. A comprehensive system of education includes a full range of services and accommodations that are needed by students in the district. These services could include a separate alternative program if the district finds that some of its students could be better served in an environment outside the classroom, or if the district finds that separate placement is the best way to provide services to a student who is having difficulty learning in a traditional school setting for educational, emotional, or personal reasons and thereby impairing the ability of the classroom teacher to provide high-quality services to that student or to other students. This chapter does not replace or expand entitlements created by federal law, nor is it the intent of this chapter to create a higher standard for maintaining a student in the general classroom than the standard created in the following federal laws: 20 U.S.C. chapter 33, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; 29 U.S.C. § 794, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; and 42 U.S.C. chapter 126, Americans with Disabilities Act.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) No individual entitlement or private right of action is created by this section.
16 V.S.A. § 2864 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2864
§ 2864. Reserve fund
Status: in_force

(a) The Corporation shall establish and maintain an allowance for loans not covered by a federal or other guaranty or insurance, using historical loan delinquency and default rates and other relevant information. To the extent the reserve fund contains any monies appropriated by the State, such reserve funds shall be held and administered in accordance with 32 V.S.A. § 432 and 433. Any such allowance may not be funded from monies appropriated by the General Assembly to the Corporation unless specifically appropriated for such purposes.

(b) The Corporation is authorized to negotiate and enter into agreement with the U.S. Secretary of Education to reinsure its guarantee of any loans made under this chapter, and to amend such agreements, consistent with this chapter.
16 V.S.A. § 244 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / Section 244
§ 244. Duties of principals
Status: in_force

(a) The principal shall perform all duties specifically assigned by law or by the superintendent of the school district including the administration of policies adopted by the school board. The principal shall be answerable to the superintendent in the performance of his or her duties.

(b) Without the approval of the State Board, secondary school principals shall not be charged with supervisory responsibility outside the secondary school.
16 V.S.A. § 423 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 423
§ 423. Directors, number, election; term
Status: in_force

(a) Each town school district shall have a school board consisting of three directors, one of whom shall be elected by ballot at each annual meeting of the town school district for a term of three years, beginning the day of election or until a successor is elected and qualified, unless a town school district is a member of a unified union district.

(b) The electorate may vote at an annual or special town school district meeting to elect not more than two additional directors for terms of either one or two years. When the terms are to be for two years, the warning for the meeting shall so specify. If two additional directors are elected, they shall have terms of the same length, but if the terms are to be for two years, when the additional directors are first elected, one shall be elected for one year and the other director for two years. Terms of these additional directors shall end on annual meeting days. If the additional directors are elected at a special meeting, the term of those elected for one year shall expire on the next annual meeting day and those elected for two years shall expire on the second annual meeting day following their election.

(c) The electorate shall continue to elect additional school directors until it votes at a meeting duly warned for the purpose to rescind its previous action under subsection (b) of this section; but the additional directors then in office shall continue in office until the end of the term to which they were elected.

(d) A town school district that holds its annual meeting on a day other than annual town meeting day may vote to elect its officers and its representative directors to union school districts on town meeting day. Their terms of office shall commence on the annual school district meeting day unless the district votes to have the terms of office commence on town meeting day.
16 V.S.A. § 322 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 7 / Section 322
§ 322. Treasurer; salary; expenses; duties
Status: in_force

(a) A supervisory union board shall elect a supervisory union treasurer at least annually, fix the salary and expenses, and determine the amount of a bond for him or her.

(b) Nothing shall preclude a supervisory union treasurer from also being a treasurer or deputy treasurer for any school district within the supervisory union if so voted by the electors for the school treasurer. Before beginning duty, a deputy treasurer shall give a bond with corporate surety conditioned for the faithful performance of duties in the same amount and for the benefit of the same obligee as the bond required of the school treasurer.

(c) It shall be the duty of the supervisory union treasurer to sign all checks and drafts, and invest in a prudent manner all funds in the supervisory union treasury as directed by the supervisory union board. Upon request by the supervisory union board, the supervisory union treasurer shall prepare a balance sheet. The supervisory union treasurer shall reconcile monthly accounts with the supervisory union bookkeeper.
16 V.S.A. § 2635 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 81 / Section 2635
§ 2635. School of Nursing
Status: in_force

The Board of Trustees of Vermont State Colleges may establish a School of Nursing leading to an associate in science degree if in its judgment the school would serve to alleviate the shortage of nurses in Vermont and to provide for their professional education. (1961, No. 274, § 1, eff. Aug. 1, 1961; amended 1963, No. 8, eff. March 12, 1963.)
16APPENDIX V.S.A. § 13.01 — VT Code / Title 16APPENDIX / Chapter 13 / Section 13.01
App. § 13-1. Incorporation of district
Status: in_force

School District No. 4 in Middlebury, in the County of Addison, a corporation duly established under the laws of this State, is hereby empowered and required to educate the scholars in the District in a grade 1 school or schools; and for that purpose may sell and convey any real estate belonging to the District, purchase, build, lease, and hold as many schoolhouses or school rooms, and establish and keep as many schools, and cause to be taught therein as extended a course of study as the District shall direct.
16 V.S.A. § 2025 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 57 / Section 2025
§ 2025. Factors to be considered by arbitrator
Status: in_force

(a) At the hearing, each party shall have full opportunity to submit all relevant evidence, to introduce relevant documents and written material, and to argue on behalf of its positions. At the hearing, both parties may present evidence regarding the financial capacity of the school district. The arbitrator shall preside over such hearing.

(b) In reaching a decision, the arbitrator shall give weight to the factors listed in subsection (a) of this section, plus the following factors:

(1) the lawful authority of the school board;

(2) stipulations of the parties;

(3) the interest and welfare of the public and the financial ability of the school board to pay for increased costs of public services, including the cost of labor;

(4) comparisons of the wages, hours, and conditions of employment of the employees involved in the dispute with the wages, hours, and conditions of employment of other employees performing similar services in public schools in comparable communities or in private employment in comparable communities;

(5) the average consumer prices for goods and services commonly known as the cost of living;

(6) the overall compensation presently received by the employees, including direct wages, fringe benefits, and continuity conditions and stability of employment, and all other benefits received; and

(7) prior negotiations and existing conditions of other school and municipal employees.
16 V.S.A. § 491 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 491
§ 491. Election; notice to clerk
Status: in_force

At each annual meeting, an incorporated school district shall elect from among the legal voters of such district a moderator, collector, and treasurer and may elect a clerk. All school officers shall enter upon their duties on July 1, following their election or appointment. If a clerk is elected or appointed, then the clerk shall notify the town clerk within ten days of the election or appointment.
16 V.S.A. § 757 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / Section 757
§ 757. Conduct of vote if by Australian ballot
Status: in_force

In any vote that proceeds by Australian ballot in a union elementary or union high school district:

(1) A district voter shall vote by Australian ballot in the town in which the voter currently resides at the polling location identified in the warning.

(2) Voting shall occur in each town on the same day.

(3) The board of civil authority of each town shall be responsible for determining the eligibility of persons to vote and for supervising voting at that polling location.

(4) The opportunity for early and absentee voting pursuant to 17 V.S.A. §§ 2531–2550 (conduct of elections; early or absentee voters) shall be provided.
16 V.S.A. § 2880c — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 87 / Section 2880c
§ 2880c. Initial deposits to the Program Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Each year, the Corporation shall deposit $250.00 into the Program Fund for each eligible child born that year, beginning on or after January 1, 2016.

(b) In addition, if the eligible child has a family income of less than 250 percent of the federal poverty level at the time the deposit under subsection (a) of this section is made, the Corporation shall make an additional deposit into the Program Fund for the child that is equal to the deposit made under subsection (a).

(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section, if the available funds in a given calendar year are insufficient to provide for the maximum deposits under this section, the Corporation shall prorate the deposits accordingly.
16 V.S.A. § 560 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / Section 560
§ 560. Condemnation for school purposes
Status: in_force

A school board, or the board of trustees of a public school, may acquire land for school purposes by condemnation. Condemnation shall be accomplished by the procedures and be governed by the limitations established in 24 V.S.A. chapter 77, except that the school board, school district officers, or board of trustees, as the case may be, shall exercise the powers and have the responsibilities given the officers of municipalities in 24 V.S.A. chapter 79.
16 V.S.A. § 264 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 7 / Section 264
§ 264. Majority vote of school directors
Status: in_force

(a) Elections and the transaction of all other business at such supervisory union meeting shall be determined by majority vote of all school directors present.

(b) A supervisory union may establish an executive committee consisting of the chair and no fewer than two additional directors. The supervisory union shall enumerate in writing the specific powers and duties delegated to the executive committee, which shall have authority to act on behalf of the supervisory union within its delegated powers.
16 V.S.A. § 4003 — VT Code / Title 16 / Chapter 133 / Section 4003
§ 4003. Conditions
Status: in_force

(a) No school district shall receive any aid under this chapter unless that school district complies with the provisions of law relative to teachers' salaries, appointment of superintendents, detailed financial reports to the Agency, and any other requirements of law.

(b) Aid to any district shall not be denied unless the district unreasonably refuses to comply with the requirements of law. Any school district denied aid by reason of the provisions of this section shall have the right within 60 days from the date of such denial to appeal to the Superior Court in the county where the district is situated.