23 V.S.A. § 615 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 615
§ 615. Unlicensed operators
Status: in_force

(a)(1)(A) An unlicensed person 15 years of age or older may operate a motor vehicle if he or she possesses a valid learner's permit issued to him or her by the Commissioner, or by another jurisdiction in accordance with section 208 of this title, and if one of the following persons who is not under the influence of alcohol or drugs rides beside him or her:

(i) his or her licensed parent or guardian;

(ii) a licensed or certified driver education instructor;

(iii) a licensed examiner of the Department; or

(iv) a licensed person at least 25 years of age.

(B) A person described under subdivisions (A)(i)-(iv) of this subdivision (1) who, while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, rides beside an individual whom the person knows to be unlicensed shall be subject to the same penalties as for a violation of subsection 1130(b) of this title. A holder of a learner's permit shall not be deemed to have violated this section if a person described under subdivisions (A)(i)-(iv) of this subdivision (1) rides beside him or her while the person is under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

(C) Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit a person against whom a revocation or suspension of license is in force, or a person younger than 15 years of age, or a person who has been refused a license by the Commissioner to operate a motor vehicle.

(2) A licensed person who does not possess a valid motorcycle endorsement may operate a motorcycle, with no passengers, only during daylight hours and then only if he or she has upon his or her person a valid motorcycle learner's permit issued to him or her by the Commissioner.

(b) A person convicted of operating a motor vehicle in violation of this section shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $50.00, and his or her learner's permit shall be recalled for a period of 90 days. No person may be issued traffic complaints alleging a violation of this section and a violation of section 676 of this title from the same incident. The provisions of this section may be enforced only if a law enforcement officer has detained the operator for another suspected traffic violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1110 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1110
§ 1110. Prohibited idling of motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a)(1) General prohibition. A person shall not cause or permit operation of the primary propulsion engine of a motor vehicle for more than five minutes in any 60-minute period while the vehicle is stationary.

(2) Exceptions. The five-minute limitation of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not apply when:

(A) a military vehicle; an ambulance; a police, fire, or rescue vehicle; or another vehicle used in a public safety or emergency capacity idles as necessary for the conduct of official operations;

(B) an armored vehicle idles while a person remains inside the vehicle to guard the contents or while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded;

(C) a motor vehicle idles because of highway traffic conditions, at the direction of an official traffic control device or signal, or at the direction of a law enforcement official;

(D) the health or safety of a vehicle occupant requires idling, or when a passenger bus idles as necessary to maintain passenger comfort while nondriver passengers are on board;

(E) idling is necessary to operate safety equipment such as windshield defrosters, and operation of the equipment is needed to address specific safety concerns;

(F) idling of the primary propulsion engine is needed to power work-related mechanical, hydraulic, or electrical operations other than propulsion, such as mixing or processing cargo or straight truck refrigeration, and the motor vehicle is idled to power such work-related operations;

(G) a motor vehicle of a model year prior to 2018 with an occupied sleeper berth compartment is idled for purposes of air-conditioning or heating during a rest or sleep period;

(H) a motor vehicle idles as necessary for maintenance, service, repair, or diagnostic purposes or as part of a State or federal inspection;

(I) a school bus idles on school grounds in compliance with rules adopted pursuant to the provisions of subsection 1282(f) of this title;

(J) the idling of vehicles at the place of business of a registered motor vehicle dealer is necessary to maintain the premises of the place of business; or

(K) a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less idles on a driveway or parking area on private property.

(b) Operation of an auxiliary power unit, generator set, or other mobile idle reduction technology is an alternative to operating the primary propulsion engine of a motor vehicle and is not subject to the prohibition of subdivision (a)(1) of this section.

(c) In addition to the exemptions set forth in subdivision (a)(2) of this section, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in consultation with the Secretary of Natural Resources, may adopt rules governing times or circumstances when operation of the primary propulsion engine of a stationary motor vehicle is reasonably required.

(d) A person adjudicated of violating subdivision (a)(1) of this section shall be:

(1) assessed a penalty of not more than $10.00, which penalty shall be exempt from surcharges under 13 V.S.A. § 7282(a), for a first violation;

(2) assessed a penalty of not more than $50.00 for a second violation; and

(3) assessed a penalty of not more than $100.00 for a third or subsequent violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1255 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1255
§ 1255. Exceptions
Status: in_force

(a) The provisions of section 1251 of this title shall not apply to directional signal lamps of a type approved by the Commissioner.

(b) All persons with motor vehicles equipped as provided in subsections 1252(a) and (b) of this subchapter shall use the sirens or emergency warning lamps, or both, only in the direct performance of official duties. When any individual other than a law enforcement officer is operating a motor vehicle equipped as provided in subsection 1252(a) of this subchapter, the emergency warning lamps shall be either removed, covered, or hooded. When any individual other than an authorized emergency medical service vehicle operator, firefighter, or authorized operator of vehicles used in rescue operations is operating a motor vehicle equipped as provided in subsection 1252(b) of this subchapter, the emergency warning lamps shall be either removed, covered, or hooded unless the operator holds a senior operator license.
23 V.S.A. § 1607 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1607
§ 1607. Automated license plate recognition systems [Effective July 1, 2025; see also 23 @ § 1607 effective until July 1, 2025 set out above]
Status: in_force

(a) Operation. A Vermont law enforcement officer shall be certified in ALPR operation by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council in order to operate an ALPR system.

(b) ALPR use and data access; confidentiality.

(1)(A) Deployment of ALPR equipment by Vermont law enforcement agencies is intended to provide access to law enforcement reports of wanted or stolen vehicles and wanted persons and to further other legitimate law enforcement purposes. Use of ALPR systems by law enforcement officers and access to active data are restricted to legitimate law enforcement purposes.

(B) Active data may be accessed by a law enforcement officer operating the ALPR system only if the law enforcement officer has a legitimate law enforcement purpose for the data. Entry of any data into the system other than data collected by the ALPR system itself must be approved by a supervisor and shall have a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

(C)(i) Requests to access active data shall be in writing and include the name of the requester, the law enforcement agency the requester is employed by, if any, and the law enforcement agency's Originating Agency Identifier (ORI) number. To be approved, the request must provide specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the data are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal, missing person, or commercial motor vehicle investigation or enforcement action. The written request and the outcome of the request shall be transmitted to VIC and retained by VIC for not less than three years.

(ii) In each department operating an ALPR system, access to active data shall be limited to designated personnel who have been provided account access by the department to conduct authorized ALPR stored data queries. Access to active data shall be restricted to data collected within the past seven days.

(2)(A) A VIC analyst shall transmit historical data only to a Vermont or out-of-state law enforcement officer or person who has a legitimate law enforcement purpose for the data. A law enforcement officer or other person to whom historical data are transmitted may use such data only for a legitimate law enforcement purpose. Entry of any data onto the automated traffic law enforcement storage system other than data collected by an ALPR system itself must be approved by a supervisor and shall have a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

(B) Requests for historical data within six months after the date of the data's creation, whether from Vermont or out-of-state law enforcement officers or other persons, shall be made in writing to a VIC analyst. The request shall include the name of the requester, the law enforcement agency the requester is employed by, if any, and the law enforcement agency's ORI number. To be approved, the request must provide specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the data are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal, missing person, or commercial motor vehicle investigation or enforcement action. VIC shall retain all requests and shall record in writing the outcome of the request and any information that was provided to the requester or, if applicable, why a request was denied or not fulfilled. VIC shall retain the information described in this subdivision (b)(2)(B) for not fewer than three years.

(C) After six months from the date of its creation, VIC may only disclose historical data:

(i) pursuant to a warrant if the data are not sought in connection with a pending criminal charge; or

(ii) to the prosecution or the defense in connection with a pending criminal charge and pursuant to a court order issued upon a finding that the data are reasonably likely to be relevant to the criminal matter.

(3) Active data and historical data shall not be subject to subpoena or discovery, or be admissible in evidence, in any private civil action.

(4) Notwithstanding any contrary provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection, in connection with commercial motor vehicle screening, inspection, and compliance activities to enforce the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV):

(A) may maintain or designate a server for the storage of historical data that is separate from the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(B) may designate a DMV employee to carry out the same responsibilities as a VIC analyst and a supervisor as specified in subdivision (2) of this subsection (b); and

(C) shall have the same duties as the VIC with respect to the retention of requests for historical data.

(c) Retention.

(1) Any ALPR information gathered by a Vermont law enforcement agency shall be sent to the Department of Public Safety to be retained pursuant to the requirements of subdivision (2) of this subsection. The Department of Public Safety shall maintain the automated traffic law enforcement storage system for Vermont law enforcement agencies.

(2) Except as provided in this subsection and section 1608 of this title, information gathered by a law enforcement officer through use of an ALPR system shall only be retained for 18 months after the date it was obtained. When the permitted 18-month period for retention of the information has expired, the Department of Public Safety and any local law enforcement agency with custody of the information shall destroy it and cause to have destroyed any copies or backups made of the original data. Data may be retained beyond the 18-month period pursuant to a preservation request made or disclosure order issued under section 1608 of this title or pursuant to a warrant issued under Rule 41 of the Vermont or Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.

(d) Oversight; rulemaking.

(1) The Department of Public Safety, in consultation with the Department of Motor Vehicles, shall establish a review process to ensure that information obtained through use of ALPR systems is used only for the purposes permitted by this section. The Department of Public Safety shall report the results of this review annually on or before January 15 to the Senate and House Committees on Judiciary and on Transportation. The report shall contain the following information based on prior calendar year data:

(A) the total number of ALPR units being operated by government agencies in the State, the number of such units that are stationary, and the number of units submitting data to the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(B) the number of ALPR readings each agency submitted, and the total number of all such readings submitted, to the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(C) the 18-month cumulative number of ALPR readings being housed on the automated traffic law enforcement storage system as of the end of the calendar year;

(D) the total number of requests made to VIC for historical data, the average age of the data requested, and the number of these requests that resulted in release of information from the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(E) the total number of out-of-state requests to VIC for historical data, the average age of the data requested, and the number of out-of-state requests that resulted in release of information from the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(F) the total number of alerts generated on ALPR systems operated by law enforcement officers in the State by a match between an ALPR reading and a plate number on an alert storage system and the number of these alerts that resulted in an enforcement action;

(G) the total number of criminal, missing person, and commercial motor vehicle investigations and enforcement actions to which active data contributed, and a summary of the nature of these investigations and enforcement actions;

(H) the total number of criminal, missing person, and commercial motor vehicle investigations and enforcement actions to which historical data contributed, and a summary of the nature of these investigations and enforcement actions; and

(I) the total annualized fixed and variable costs associated with all ALPR systems used by Vermont law enforcement agencies and an estimate of the total of such costs per unit.

(2) The Department of Public Safety may adopt rules to implement this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1202 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1202
§ 1202. Consent to taking of tests to determine blood alcohol content or presence of other drug
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Implied consent. Every person who operates, attempts to operate, or is in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway in this State is deemed to have given consent to an evidentiary test of that person's breath for the purpose of determining the person's alcohol concentration or the presence of other drug in the blood. The test shall be administered at the direction of a law enforcement officer.

(2) Blood test. If breath testing equipment is not reasonably available or if the officer has reason to believe that the person is unable to give a sufficient sample of breath for testing or if the law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is under the influence of a drug other than alcohol, the person is deemed to have given consent to the taking of an evidentiary sample of blood. If in the officer's opinion the person is incapable of decision or unconscious or dead, it is deemed that the person's consent is given and a sample of blood shall be taken. A blood test sought pursuant to this subdivision shall be obtained pursuant to subsection (f) of this section.

(3) Saliva test. If the law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is under the influence of a drug other than alcohol, or under the combined influence of alcohol and a drug, the person is deemed to have given consent to providing of an evidentiary sample of saliva. A saliva test sought pursuant to this subdivision shall be obtained pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. Any saliva test administered under this section shall be used only for the limited purpose of detecting the presence of a drug in the person's body and shall not be used to extract DNA information.

(4) Evidentiary test. The evidentiary test shall be required of a person when a law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title.

(5) Fatal collision or incident resulting in serious bodily injury. The evidentiary test shall also be required if the person is the surviving operator of a motor vehicle involved in a fatal incident or collision or an incident or collision resulting in serious bodily injury and the law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has any amount of alcohol or other drug in the person's system.

(b) A refusal to take a breath test may be introduced as evidence in a criminal proceeding.

(c) A person who is requested by a law enforcement officer to submit to an evidentiary test or tests has a right as limited in this subsection to consult an attorney before deciding whether or not to submit to such a test or tests. The person must decide whether or not to submit to the evidentiary test or tests within a reasonable time and not later than 30 minutes after the time of the initial attempt to contact the attorney. The person must make a decision about whether to submit to the test or tests at the expiration of the 30 minutes, regardless of whether a consultation took place.

(d) At the time a test is requested, the person shall be informed of the following statutory information:

(1) Vermont law authorizes a law enforcement officer to request a test to determine whether the person is under the influence of alcohol or other drug.

(2) If the officer's request is reasonable and testing is refused, the person's license or privilege to operate will be suspended for at least six months.

(3) If a test is taken and the results indicate that the person is under the influence of alcohol or other drug, the person will be subject to criminal charges and the person's license or privilege to operate will be suspended for at least 90 days.

(4) A person who is requested by a law enforcement officer to submit to an evidentiary test or tests has the limited right to consult an attorney before deciding whether or not to submit to such a test or tests. The person must decide whether or not to submit to the evidentiary test or tests within a reasonable time and not later than 30 minutes from the time of the initial attempt to contact the attorney, regardless of whether a consultation took place. The person also has the right to have additional tests made by someone of the person's own choosing at the person's own expense. The person shall also be informed of the location of one or more facilities available for drawing blood.

(5) A person who is requested by a law enforcement officer to submit to an evidentiary test administered with an infrared breath-testing instrument may elect to have a second infrared test administered immediately after receiving the results of the first test.

(6) If the person refuses to take an evidentiary test, the refusal may be offered into evidence against the person at trial, whether or not a search warrant is sought. The person may be charged with the crime of criminal refusal if the person:

(A) has previously been convicted of a violation of section 1201 of this title;

(B) is involved in a crash or collision resulting in serious bodily injury or death to another, in which case the court may issue a search warrant and order the person to submit to a blood test, the results of which may be offered into evidence against the person at trial; or

(C) knowingly hinders the collection of an evidentiary blood sample when a warrant for that person's blood is issued pursuant to subdivision (f)(1) of this section.

(e) In any proceeding under this subchapter, a law enforcement officer's testimony that the officer is certified pursuant to section 20 V.S.A. § 2358 shall be prima facie evidence of that fact.

(f)(1) If a blood test is sought from a person pursuant to subdivision (a)(2) of this section, or if a person who has been involved in a crash or collision resulting in serious bodily injury or death to another refuses an evidentiary test, a law enforcement officer may apply for a search warrant pursuant to Rule 41 of the Vermont Rules of Criminal Procedure to obtain a sample of blood for an evidentiary test. Pursuant to subdivision (d)(6) of this section, if a blood sample is obtained by search warrant, the fact of the refusal may still be introduced in evidence, in addition to the results of the evidentiary test. Once a law enforcement official begins the application process for a search warrant, the law enforcement official is not obligated to discontinue the process even if the person later agrees to provide an evidentiary sample. The limitation created by Rule 41(g) of the Vermont Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding blood specimens shall not apply to search warrants authorized by this section.

(2) If an evidentiary saliva test is sought from a person pursuant to subdivision (a)(3) of this section, a law enforcement officer may apply for a search warrant pursuant to Rule 41 of the Vermont Rules of Criminal Procedure to obtain a sample of saliva for the evidentiary test. Pursuant to subdivision (d)(6) of this section, if a saliva sample is obtained by search warrant, the fact of the refusal may still be introduced in evidence, in addition to the results of the evidentiary test.

(g) The Defender General shall provide statewide 24-hour coverage seven days a week to ensure that adequate legal services are available to persons entitled to consult an attorney under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1412 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1412
§ 1412. Multiple weight violations
Status: in_force

No more than one overweight violation per vehicle shall be written by an enforcement officer at any single incident.
23 V.S.A. § 3111 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3111
§ 3111. Neglect or refusal to file a report; estimate of tax by Commissioner; penalty and interest
Status: in_force

If a distributor neglects or refuses to file any report required by this chapter, the Commissioner shall make an estimate of the tax due, based upon information available to the Commissioner, for the period for which the distributor failed to make the report, and shall assess the tax due from the licensee, adding to the amount thus determined a penalty of 50 percent. The assessment shall bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month from the date the tax payment was due until paid. The Commissioner shall give the licensee notice by mail of the assessment and payment shall be due within 15 days after the date of the mailing of the notice.
23 V.S.A. § 1139 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1139
§ 1139. Riding on roadways and bicycle paths
Status: repealed

[Subsection (a) effective until July 1, 2026; see also subsection (a) effective July 1, 2026 set out below.]

(a) A person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall exercise due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Bicyclists generally shall ride as near to the right side of the improved area of the highway right-of-way as is safe, except that a bicyclist:

(1) Shall ride to the left or in a left lane when:

(A) preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private roadway or driveway;

(B) approaching an intersection with a right-turn lane if not turning right at the intersection; or

(C) overtaking another vulnerable user.

(2) May ride to the left or in a left lane when taking reasonably necessary precautions to avoid hazards or road conditions. Examples include objects on the road, parked or moving vehicles, pedestrians, animals, surface conditions that may impair the bicyclist's stability, or safety hazards caused by a narrow road or steep embankment, road geometry, or unfavorable atmospheric conditions.

[Subsection (a) effective July 1, 2026; see also subsection (a) effective until July 1, 2026 set out above.]

(a) Due care and riding on the right. An individual operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall exercise due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Bicyclists generally shall ride as near to the right side of the improved area of the highway right-of-way as is safe, except that a bicyclist:

(1) Shall ride to the left or in a left lane when:

(A) preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private roadway or driveway;

(B) approaching an intersection with a right-turn lane if not turning right at the intersection; or

(C) overtaking another vulnerable user.

(2) May ride to the left or in a left lane when taking reasonably necessary precautions to avoid hazards or road conditions. Examples include objects on the road, parked or moving vehicles, pedestrians, animals, surface conditions that may impair the bicyclist's stability, or safety hazards caused by a narrow road or steep embankment, road geometry, or unfavorable atmospheric conditions.

[Subsection (b) effective until July 1, 2026; see also subsection (b) effective July 1, 2026 set out below.]

(b) Persons riding bicycles upon a roadway may not ride more than two abreast except on paths or parts of roadways set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles or except as otherwise permitted by the Commissioner of Public Safety in connection with a public sporting event in which case the Commissioner shall be authorized to adopt such rules as the public good requires. Persons riding two abreast shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic and, on a laned roadway, shall ride within a single lane.

[Subsection (b) effective July 1, 2026; see also subsection (b) effective until July 1, 2026 set out above.]

(b) Riding two abreast. Individuals operating bicycles upon a roadway shall not ride more than two abreast except on paths or parts of roadways set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles or except as otherwise permitted by the Commissioner of Public Safety in connection with a public sporting event in which case the Commissioner shall be authorized to adopt such rules as the public good requires. Individuals riding two abreast shall not impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic and, on a laned roadway, shall ride within a single lane.

[Subsection (c) effective until July 1, 2026; see also subsection (c) effective July 1, 2026 set out below.]

(c) [Repealed.]

[Subsection (c) effective July 1, 2026; see also subsection (c) effective until July 1, 2026 set out above.]

(c) Obedience to traffic-control devices and traffic-control signals. An individual operating a bicycle shall follow all traffic-control devices and traffic-control signals governing motor vehicles except that an individual operating a bicycle who is facing a “walk” signal, as defined in section 1023 of this chapter, may make a turn or proceed across the roadway or intersection in the direction of the signal but shall yield the right of way to any vehicles or pedestrians in the roadway or intersection.

[Subsection (d) effective until July 1, 2026; see also subsection (d) effective July 1, 2026 set out below.]

(d) Bicycles may be operated on the shoulders of partially controlled access highways, which are those highways where access is controlled by public authority but where there are some connections with selected public highways, some crossings at grade, and some private driveway connections. The Traffic Committee may determine that any portion of these highways is unsafe and therefore closed to bicycle operation.

[Subsection (d) effective July 1, 2026; see also subsection (d) effective until July 1, 2026 set out above.]

(d) Riding on a partially controlled access highway. Bicycles may be operated on the shoulders of partially controlled access highways, which are those highways where access is controlled by public authority but where there are some connections with selected public highways, some crossings at grade, and some private driveway connections. The Traffic Committee may determine that any portion of these highways is unsafe and therefore closed to bicycle operation.
23 V.S.A. § 602a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 602a
§ 602a. Age requirement
Status: in_force

A person 12 years of age or older may operate a farm tractor under the provisions of section 602 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 4202 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 41 / Section 4202
§ 4202. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Automated driving system” means the hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis within its operational design domain, if any, including achieving a minimal risk condition, without any intervention or supervision by a conventional human driver, where applicable.

(2) “Automated vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is equipped with an automated driving system.

(3) “Automated vehicle tester” or “tester” means an individual, company, public agency, or other organization that is testing automated vehicles on public highways in this State pursuant to this chapter including an automated vehicle manufacturer, municipal or State agency, institution of higher education, fleet service provider, or automotive equipment or technology provider.

(4) “Conventional human driver” means an individual who manually engages in-vehicle braking, accelerating, steering, and transmission gear selection input devices in order to operate a vehicle.

(5) “Dynamic driving task” means all the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle in on-road traffic within its specific operational design domain, if any, excluding the strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints.

(6) “Highly automated vehicle” means a vehicle equipped with an automated driving system capable of performing all aspects of the dynamic driving task within its operational design domain, if any, including achieving a minimal risk condition, without any intervention or supervision by a conventional human driver.

(7) “Manufacturer” means an individual or company that designs, produces, or constructs vehicles or equipment. Manufacturers include original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), multiple and final stage manufacturers, individuals or companies making changes to a completed vehicle before first retail sale or deployment (upfitters), and modifiers (individuals or companies making changes to existing vehicles after first retail sale or deployment).

(8) “Minimal risk condition” means a condition in which an automated vehicle operating without a human driver, upon experiencing a failure of its automated driving system that renders the automated vehicle unable to perform the dynamic driving task, achieves a reasonably safe state that may include bringing the automated vehicle to a complete stop.

(9) “Operational design domain” means a description of the specific domain or domains in which an automated driving system is designed to properly operate, including types of roadways, ranges of speed, weather, time of day, and environmental conditions.

(10) “Operator” means an individual employed by or under contract with an automated vehicle tester who has successfully completed the tester's training on safe driving and the capabilities and limitations of the automated vehicle and automated driving system, can take immediate manual or remote control of the automated vehicle being tested, is 21 years of age or older, and holds an operator's license for the class of vehicle being tested.

(11) “Public highway” means a State or municipal highway as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(12).
23 V.S.A. § 3029 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3029
§ 3029. Personal liability
Status: in_force

Any licensee who fails to collect the tax required by this chapter or to pay it to the Commissioner in the manner required by this chapter shall be personally and individually liable for the amount of such tax and any interest and penalty assessed thereon pursuant to sections 3017 and 3018 of this title; and if the licensee is a corporation or other entity, the personal liability shall extend and be applicable to any officer or agent of the corporation or entity who as an officer or agent of the same is under a duty to collect the tax and pay it to the Commissioner as required in this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 382 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 382
§ 382. Diesel-powered pleasure cars
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the annual registration fee for a pleasure car or tractor, truck-tractor, or motor truck up to 6,000 pounds powered by fuel as defined in section 3002 of this title shall be $89.00, and the biennial fee shall be $163.00.
23 V.S.A. § 2308 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 24 / Section 2308
§ 2308. Reports
Status: in_force

The Court Administrator shall prepare audits, records, and reports relating to traffic complaints and violations. The Court Administrator shall also notify the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles of any violations that are uncontested or admitted or that are determined after hearing to have been committed or in connection with which a default judgment has been entered. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall file and record information on violations received under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 3003 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3003
§ 3003. Imposition of tax; exceptions
Status: in_force

(a) A tax of $0.28, a fee of $0.01 established pursuant to the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 1942, and a $0.03 motor fuel transportation infrastructure assessment, which for purposes of the International Fuel Tax Agreement only shall be deemed to be a surcharge, are imposed on each gallon of fuel:

(1) sold or delivered by a distributor; or

(2) used by a user.

(b) Collection of the tax and its payment to the State shall be as follows:

(1) The distributor shall collect the tax from a dealer or user on delivery of fuel into the dealer's or user's bulk tanks. The tax shall attach at the time of delivery into the bulk tank. When a distributor collects a tax from a dealer or user, the distributor shall pay the same to the Commissioner with the monthly report required by section 3014 of this title.

(2) A user who uses fuel shall pay the tax to the Commissioner as provided in section 3015 of this title. The tax shall attach at the time of the consumption of such fuel in the propulsion of a motor vehicle upon the highways of the State.

(c) A tax of three cents per gallon is imposed on each gallon of railroad fuel used in the State.

(d)(1) For users, the following uses shall be exempt from the tax and motor fuel transportation infrastructure assessment imposed under this chapter and be entitled to a credit for any tax paid for such uses under section 3020 of this title:

(A) uses, the taxation of which would be precluded by the laws and Constitution of the United States and this State;

(B) uses for agricultural purposes not conducted on the highways of the State;

(C) uses by any State, municipal, school district, fire district, or other governmentally owned vehicles for official purposes;

(D) uses by any vehicle off the highways of the State; and

(E) uses by any vehicle registered as a farm truck under subsection 367(f) of this title.

(2) Provided, however, that no tax shall be due with respect to fuel for use in any State, municipal, school district, fire district, nonprofit public transit system as defined in 24 V.S.A. § 5088(3), or other vehicle owned, leased, or contracted for other than single-trip use by a government entity, as long as the distributor takes from the purchaser at the time of sale an exemption certificate in the form prescribed by the Commissioner; and provided, further, that no tax shall be due with respect to fuel delivered for farm use to a farm bulk fuel storage tank.

(e) A distributor may use as the measure of the tax so levied and assessed the gross quantity of diesel fuel purchased, imported, produced, refined, manufactured, and compounded by the distributor, instead of the quantity sold, distributed, or used.
23 V.S.A. § 4118 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4118
§ 4118. Effective date of disqualification; hearing
Status: in_force

(a) A disqualification from driving a commercial motor vehicle shall be effective on not less than 10 days' notice.

(b) If requested, a hearing on the disqualification shall be conducted under sections 105-107 of this title. Except as provided in subsection 4124(a) or 4124(c) of this chapter, the scope of the hearing shall be limited to verification of the conviction.

(c) A person aggrieved by a decision resulting from a hearing under this section may have the decision reviewed on the record under Rule 75 of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure. The review shall be to the Washington Superior Court or, in the discretion of the licensee, to the Superior Court in the county the licensee resides or has a principal place of business.
23 V.S.A. § 1105 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1105
§ 1105. Additional parking ordinances
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided by local ordinance, every vehicle stopped or parked upon a two-way roadway shall be stopped or parked with the right-hand wheels parallel to and within 12 inches of the right-hand curb or if there is no curb, within 12 inches of the edge of the roadway.

(b) Except when otherwise provided by local ordinance, every vehicle stopped or parked upon a one-way roadway shall be so stopped or parked parallel to and within 12 inches of a curb or, if there is no curb, within 12 inches of the edge of the roadway, in the direction of authorized traffic movement.
23 V.S.A. § 1081 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1081
§ 1081. Basic rule and maximum limits
Status: in_force

(a) No individual shall drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions, having regard for the actual and potential hazards then existing. In every event, speed shall be controlled as necessary to avoid colliding with any individual, vehicle, or other object on or adjacent to the highway.

(b) Except when there exists a special hazard that requires lower speed in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, the limits specified in this section or established pursuant to this section are maximum lawful speeds, and no individual shall drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed in excess of 50 miles per hour.

(c) The maximum speed limits set forth in this section may be altered in accordance with sections 1003, 1004, 1007, and 1010 of this title.

(d) The driver of every vehicle shall, consistent with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section, drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when approaching and crossing an intersection or railway grade crossing, when approaching and going around a curve, when approaching the crest of a hill, when traveling upon any narrow or winding roadway, and when special hazard exists.
23 V.S.A. § 1750 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1750
§ 1750. Collections
Status: in_force

All money so collected by the court in any one month shall be covered into the treasury of the town on the first day of the following month with a statement of the names of the persons from whom the money was collected and the amount paid by each and the date on which the same was collected. However, the court may turn over the money collected during any shorter period at the end of the period with a statement of the same.
23 V.S.A. § 1745 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1745
§ 1745. Quarters
Status: in_force

The town shall maintain the police court and provide quarters for it in the town offices.
23 V.S.A. § 1392a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1392a
§ 1392a. Authority of Commissioner to delegate permitting functions
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may delegate any person as his or her agent to perform the duties set forth in sections 1392, 1400 through 1404, 1406, 1415, and 1431 of this title with respect to permits.
23 V.S.A. § 3553 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3553
§ 3553. Definitions-Article II
Status: in_force

(a) In the Nonresident Violator Compact, the following words have the meaning indicated, unless the context requires otherwise.

(b)(1) “Citation” means any summons, ticket, or other official document issued by a police officer for a traffic violation containing an order which requires the motorist to respond.

(2) “Collateral” means any cash or other security deposited to secure an appearance for trial, following the issuance by a police officer of a citation for a traffic violation.

(3) “Compliance” means the act of answering a citation, summons, or subpoena through appearance at court, a tribunal, and/or payment of fines and costs.

(4) “Court” means a court of law or traffic tribunal.

(5) “Driver's license” means any license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle issued under the laws of the home jurisdiction.

(6) “Home jurisdiction” means the jurisdiction that issued the driver's license of the traffic violator.

(7) “Issuing jurisdiction” means the jurisdiction in which the traffic citation was issued to the motorist.

(8) “Jurisdiction” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(9) “Motorist” means a driver of a motor vehicle operating in a party jurisdiction other than the home jurisdiction.

(10) “Personal recognizance” means an agreement by a motorist made at the time of issuance of the traffic citation that he or she will comply with the terms of that traffic citation.

(11) “Police officer” means any individual authorized by the party jurisdiction to issue a citation for a traffic violation.

(12) “Terms of the citation” means those options expressly stated upon the citation.
23 V.S.A. § 3706 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3706
§ 3706. License suspension or revocation
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may suspend or revoke the license, the right to operate any vehicle, and any registrations of a person who fails to comply with any provisions of the International Registration Plan of this chapter or any rule adopted pursuant to this chapter. The suspension or revocation shall be effective upon not less than 15 days' notice unless within those 15 days the registrant mails a written request for a hearing to show cause why the suspension or revocation should not be effective.
23 V.S.A. § 1083 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1083
§ 1083. Special speed limitations
Status: in_force

(a) No person may drive any vehicle equipped with iron, steel, or solid rubber tires at a speed greater than 10 miles per hour.

(b) No person may drive a vehicle over any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway at a speed that is greater than the maximum speed that can be maintained with safety to the bridge or structure, except when the bridge or structure is signposted as provided in this section. The legislative body of a municipality may erect notices one hundred feet in both directions along the highway stating the maximum speed at which vehicles may be operated on the bridge or structure.

(c) The Traffic Committee, upon request from the legislative body of any municipality shall, or upon its own initiative may, conduct an investigation of any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway, and if it finds that the bridge or structure cannot, with safety to itself, withstand vehicles traveling at the speed otherwise permissible under this chapter, the Committee shall declare the maximum speed of vehicles upon the bridge or structure and shall cause or permit suitable signs stating the maximum speed to be erected and maintained before each end of the bridge or structure.

(d) No person may drive a vehicle towing a trailer exempted from the weight requirements as provided in subsection 1307(h) of this title at speeds greater than 35 miles per hour.
23 V.S.A. § 1241 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1241
§ 1241. Locking device
Status: in_force

A motor vehicle shall be provided with a lock, key, or other device to prevent such motor vehicle from being set in motion by its own motive power.
23 V.S.A. § 4119 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4119
§ 4119. Compliance with out-of-service order; disqualification from operation of vehicle
Status: in_force

(a) No individual shall operate a commercial motor vehicle in violation of an out-of-service order.

(b) Any individual convicted of violating an out-of-service order shall be disqualified as follows except as provided in subsection (c) of this section:

(1) An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of 180 days if convicted of a first violation of an out-of-service order.

(2) An individual shall be disqualified for a period of two years if convicted of a second violation of an out-of-service order during any 10-year period, arising from separate incidents.

(3) An individual shall be disqualified for a period of three years if convicted of a third or subsequent violation of an out-of-service order during any 10-year period, arising from separate incidents.

(c) Any individual convicted of violating an out-of-service order while transporting hazardous materials or while operating a commercial motor vehicle designed or used to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, shall be disqualified as follows:

(1) An individual shall be disqualified for a period of 180 days if convicted of a first violation of an out-of-service order.

(2) An individual shall be disqualified for a period of three years if convicted of a second or subsequent violation of an out-of-service order during any 10-year period, arising from separate incidents.
23 V.S.A. § 1118 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1118
§ 1118. Obstruction to driver's view
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate or attempt to operate a motor vehicle when more than three persons over two years of age, including the operator, are occupying the front seat or seats or are in the front or driving compartment of the motor vehicle. However, this provision does not apply to any motor vehicle the front seat of which was designed by the manufacturer for occupancy by more than three persons, or to any vehicle that has a front seating area that is at least 76 inches in width, as received from the manufacturer. In no case shall a vehicle be operated with more than four persons over two years of age occupying the front seat or seats or who are in the front or driving compartment of the motor vehicle.

(b) In any event, a person may not operate a motor vehicle when it is so loaded as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or as to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.

(c) No passenger in a vehicle shall ride in such position as to interfere with the driver's view ahead or to the sides or to interfere with his or her control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 2501 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2501
§ 2501. Motor vehicle point system
Status: in_force

(a) For the purpose of identifying habitually reckless or negligent drivers and frequent violators of traffic regulations governing the movement of vehicles, a uniform system is established assigning demerit points for convictions of violations of this title or of ordinances adopted by local authorities regulating the operation of motor vehicles. Notice of each assessment of points may be given. No points shall be assessed for violating a provision of a statute or municipal ordinance regulating standing, parking, equipment, size, or weight, or if a Superior judge or Judicial Bureau hearing officer has waived the assessment of points in the interest of justice and in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. The conviction report from the court shall be prima facie evidence of the points assessed unless points are specifically waived in the conviction report. The Department of Motor Vehicles also is authorized to suspend the license of a driver when the driver's driving record identifies the driver as a habitual offender under section 673a of this title.

(b) A Superior judge or Judicial Bureau hearing officer may waive the assessment of points against a person's driving record for a moving violation if the waiver of points is in the interests of justice and if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) the person has not had points assessed against his or her driving record within five years of the date of the moving violation;

(2) the person has had no more than three points assessed against his or her driving record within 10 years of the date of the moving violation;

(3) the moving violation is an offense for which no more than three points is specified under section 2502 of this title;

(4) the person was not operating a commercial motor vehicle as defined at section 4103 of this title at the time of the moving violation; and

(5) the moving violation did not result in bodily injury to another person or damage to property of another person.
23 V.S.A. § 3101 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3101
§ 3101. Definitions; scope
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this chapter:

(1) “Distributor” means a person who imports or causes to be imported gasoline or other motor fuel for use, distribution, or sale within the State, or any person who produces, refines, manufactures, or compounds gasoline or other motor fuel within the State for use, distribution, or sale. When a person receives motor fuel in circumstances that preclude the collection of the tax from the distributor by reason of the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the United States, and thereafter sells or uses the motor fuel in the State in a manner and under circumstances as may subject the sale to the taxing power of the State, the person shall be considered a distributor and shall make the same reports, pay the same taxes, and be subject to all provisions of this subchapter relating to distributors of motor fuel.

(2) “Dealer” means any person who sells or delivers motor fuel into the fuel supply tanks of motor vehicles or aircraft owned or operated by others.

(3) “Motor vehicle” means any self-propelled vehicle using motor fuel on the public highways and registered or required to be registered for operation on these highways.

(4) “Mail,” “mails,” “mailing,” and “mailed” mean any method of delivery authorized by the Commissioner, which shall include by hand, U.S. mail, and electronic transmission.

(b) As used in this subchapter, “gasoline or other motor fuel” or “motor fuel” includes aviation gasoline and shall not include the following:

(1) kerosene;

(2) clear or undyed diesel “fuel” as defined in section 3002 of this title;

(3) “railroad fuel” as defined in section 3002 of this title;

(4) aircraft jet fuel; or

(5) natural gas in any form.

(c) Except for “railroad fuel” taxed under section 3003 of this title, the taxation or exemption from taxation of dyed diesel fuel is not addressed under this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1218 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1218
§ 1218. Commercial motor vehicles; 0.04
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a commercial motor vehicle:

(1) when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.04 or more; or

(2) when the person is under the influence of alcohol; or

(3) when the person is under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug to a degree that renders the person incapable of driving safely.

(b) A violation of this section shall result in disqualification from driving a commercial motor vehicle as provided in section 4116 of this title or in suspension of the privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle as provided in section 4116a of this title. Those provisions of section 1205 of this title that establish a procedure for civil suspensions shall apply to this section, except that where that section refers to alcohol concentration it shall be deemed to refer to an alcohol concentration of 0.04.
23 V.S.A. § 3509 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3509
§ 3509. Defacing identifying numbers; signs
Status: in_force

(a) A person may not willfully change or attempt to change, or tamper with, obliterate, deface, or in any manner interfere with, the original or assigned motor number or manufacturer's serial number of any all-terrain vehicle.

(b) A person may not remove, deface, alter, or destroy trail signs, markers, or posters erected pursuant to this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 639 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 639
§ 639. Fees for physical and mental examinations
Status: in_force

The compensation of the examiners provided in section 637 of this title shall be paid by the person examined.
23 V.S.A. § 3203 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3203
§ 3203. Termination of registration
Status: in_force

The registration of a snowmobile ends when the owner transfers title to another. The former owner shall immediately return to the Commissioner the registration certificate previously assigned to the transferred snowmobile with the date of sale, name, and residence of the new owner endorsed on the back thereof. When a person transfers the ownership of a registered snowmobile to another, files a new application, and pays a fee of $3.00, he or she may have registered in his or her name another snowmobile for the remainder of the registration year without payment of any additional registration fee.
23 V.S.A. § 675 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 675
§ 675. Fee prior to termination or reinstatement of suspension or revocation of license
Status: in_force

(a) Before a suspension or revocation issued by the Commissioner of a person's operator's license or privilege of operating a motor vehicle may be terminated or before a person's operator's license or privilege of operating a motor vehicle may be reinstated, there shall be paid to the Commissioner a fee of $96.00 in addition to any other fee required by statute. This section shall not apply to suspensions issued under the provisions of chapter 11 of this title nor suspensions issued for physical disabilities or failing to pass reexamination. The Commissioner shall not reinstate the license of a driver whose license was suspended pursuant to section 1205 of this title until the Commissioner receives certification from the court that the costs due the State have been paid.

(b) Any suspension issued as a result of improper information received from the criminal justice system shall be canceled and removed from the record without payment of any fee upon receipt of proper information that the suspension should not have been requested.
23 V.S.A. § 3318 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3318
§ 3318. Administration and enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) The administration of the provisions of this chapter, as they pertain to the registration and numbering of vessels and the suspension of the privilege to operate vessels, shall be the responsibility of the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(b) This subchapter and rules adopted under this subchapter shall be printed in booklet form and made available to the public by the Department of Public Safety.

(c) The provisions of this subchapter and the rules adopted pursuant to this subchapter shall be enforced by law enforcement officers as defined in section 3302 of this title in accordance with the provisions of 4 V.S.A. chapter 29. Law enforcement officers as defined in section 3302 of this title may also enforce the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 1454 and the rules adopted pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 1424 in accordance with the requirements of 10 V.S.A. chapter 50.
23 V.S.A. § 941 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 941
§ 941. Insurance against uninsured, underinsured, or unknown motorists
Status: in_force

(a) No policy insuring against liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle may be delivered or issued for delivery in this State with respect to any motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this State unless coverage is provided for the protection of persons insured under the policy or a supplemental policy who are legally entitled to recover damages, from owners or operators of uninsured, underinsured, or hit-and-run motor vehicles, for bodily injury, sickness, or disease, including death, and for property damages resulting from the ownership, maintenance, or use of such uninsured, underinsured, or hit-and-run motor vehicle. The coverage for property damages shall be sufficient to indemnify a claim for damages to which the claimant is legally entitled of no more than $10,000.00 per claim, subject to a $150.00 deductible; provided, however, to the extent that other direct damage coverage is valid and collectible:

(1) this deductible shall not apply to a claimant who is otherwise insured for direct damages to his or her motor vehicle, in which case:

(A) the coverage for property damages provided in this section shall be applied, without deductible, to pay the deductible of the other direct damage coverage; and

(B) the balance of the direct damage claim, if any, shall be covered by such other direct damages coverage to the extent of its limits; and

(2) further, any other claim for property damages, not direct damages, to which the claimant is legally entitled, shall be paid by the coverage required by this section, without deductible, to the extent of the limits provided in this section.

(b) Every policy insuring against liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle shall provide insurance against loss resulting from the liability imposed by law for damages because of bodily injury or death of any person within this State or elsewhere in the United States and Canada.

(c) The coverages under subsections (a) and (b) of this section for new or renewed policies shall be not less than $50,000.00 for one person and $100,000.00 for two or more persons killed or injured. If the limits of liability coverage in the policy are greater than $50,000.00 for one person and $100,000.00 for two or more persons injured or killed, the limits of uninsured motorist insurance shall be the same, unless the policyholder otherwise directs.

(d) For the purpose of this subchapter, an “uninsured motor vehicle” includes an insured other motor vehicle where:

(1) the liability insurer of the other motor vehicle is unable, because of its insolvency, to make payment with respect to the legal liability of its insured within the limits specified in its policy;

(2) the occurrence out of which the legal liability arose took place while the uninsured vehicle coverage required under subsection (a) of this section was in effect; and

(3) the insolvency of the liability insurer of the other motor vehicle existed at the time of, or within one year after, the occurrence.

(e) If payment is made under uninsured motorist coverage, and subject to the terms of that coverage, to the extent of that payment, the insurer is entitled to the proceeds of any settlement or recovery from any person legally responsible for the damage or personal injury, as to which the payment was made, and to amounts recoverable from the assets of an insolvent insurer of such person. However, if the injured party settles or recovers against any person, any reimbursement due to an insurer under this section shall be reduced by deducting a fair portion of all reasonable expenses of recovery incurred in effecting the settlement or recovery. The expenses of recovery shall be apportioned between the parties as their interests appear at the time of the settlement or recovery.

(f) For the purpose of this subchapter, a motor vehicle is underinsured to the extent that:

(1) the liability insurance limits applicable at the time of the crash are less than the limits of the uninsured motorist coverage applicable to the insured; or

(2) the available liability insurance has been reduced by payments to others injured in the crash to an amount less than the limits of the uninsured motorist coverage applicable to the insured.

(g) Within 30 days after receipt of a written request by a person reasonably claiming the right to recover damages after a crash involving owners or operators of motor vehicles for bodily injury, sickness, or disease, including death, or for property damages resulting from the ownership, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle, an insurer that may be liable to satisfy part or all of the claim under a policy subject to this chapter shall provide a statement, by a duly authorized agent of the insurer, setting forth the names of the insurer and insured, and the limits of liability coverage.
23 V.S.A. § 464 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 464
§ 464. Return of number plates by dealer
Status: in_force

If a dealer comes into possession of a motor vehicle the registration of which has expired by reason of the provisions of section 321 of this title, and that has number plates attached, he or she shall immediately return such number plates to the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 2016 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2016
§ 2016. Commissioner to check identification number
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, upon receiving application for a first certificate of title shall check the identification number of the vehicle shown in the application against the records of vehicles required to be maintained by section 2017 of this title and against the record of stolen and converted vehicles required to be maintained by section 2084 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 673a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 673a
§ 673a. Habitual offenders
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall revoke the license of an operator or the right of an unlicensed individual to operate a motor vehicle for a period of two years when the individual is a habitual violator of the motor vehicle laws.

(b) As used in this section, “habitual violator” means any person who has been convicted in any court in this State of eight or more moving violations each of which would result in point assessments of six or more points, including violations of section 1201 of this title, arising out of different incidents within a consecutive period of five years.

(c) The individual may within 15 days after the notice of revocation request a hearing solely for the purpose of verifying the conviction record, and the revocation shall not take effect until the hearing has been held in accordance with the provisions of sections 105-107 of this title and the record has been verified.
23 V.S.A. § 1396 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1396
§ 1396. Special weight limits for bridges and highways
Status: in_force

(a) When, in the opinion of the Secretary of Transportation, a highway or bridge on the State Highway System or class 1 town highway, or when, in the opinion of the legislative body of a municipality, any class 2, 3, or 4 town highway or bridge under the jurisdiction of the municipality may be varied from the weight limit specified in section 1392 of this title, then the Secretary of Transportation for the State Highway System or the legislative body may designate the legal load limit for the highway or bridge. However, when the legislative body of a municipality requests in writing, the Secretary of Transportation may set the weight limit on a class 1 town highway at less than the State highway limit under section 1392 of this title, if a reasonable alternative route is available for those vehicles traveling at the State highway limit.

(b) In making the determination as to whether a reasonable alternative route is available, the Secretary of Transportation shall, at a minimum, consider the following factors:

(1) whether the alternative routing will reduce or relieve traffic congestion in a downtown area;

(2) whether the alternative routing will enhance safety;

(3) the length of the alternative route and any increase in time made necessary by use of the alternative route; and

(4) whether an adverse effect has been created relative to the quiet enjoyment and property values of persons living along the alternative route.

(c) Any decision of the Secretary made under this section may be appealed, in writing, to the Transportation Board within 30 days after the Secretary's decision. The Transportation Board shall decide the question within 45 days after receipt of the appeal and may take evidence or testimony. Except as otherwise provided, the designated legal load limit for the highway or bridge shall not be less than 20,000 pounds for a single traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle for the State system or any class 1 or 2 town highway nor less than 16,000 pounds for any other town highway.
23 V.S.A. § 1102 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1102
§ 1102. Removal of stopped vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, any enforcement officer is authorized to:

(1) cause the removal of a vehicle stopped, parked, or standing contrary to section 1101 of this title or require the driver or other person in charge to move the vehicle to a safe position off the main-traveled part of the highway;

(2) cause the removal of an unattended vehicle or cargo that is an obstruction to traffic or to maintenance of the highway to a garage or other place of safety; and

(3) cause the removal of any vehicle found upon a highway, as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1, to a garage or other place of safety when:

(A) the officer is informed by a reliable source that the vehicle has been stolen or taken without the consent of its owner;

(B) the person in charge of the vehicle is unable to provide for its removal; or

(C) the person in charge of the vehicle has been arrested under circumstances that require his or her immediate removal from control of the vehicle.

(b) In the case of a crash involving a serious bodily injury or fatality, clearance of the crash scene may be delayed until the crash investigation is completed.

(c) A towing operator shall undertake removal of a vehicle or cargo under this section only if summoned to the scene by the vehicle owner or vehicle operator, or an enforcement officer, and is authorized to perform the removal as follows:

(1) The owner or operator of the vehicle or cargo being removed shall summon to the scene the towing operator of the owner's or operator's choice in consultation with the enforcement officer and designate the location to where the vehicle or cargo is to be removed.

(2) The provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not apply when the owner or operator is incapacitated or otherwise unable to summon a towing operator, does not make a timely choice of a towing operator, or defers to the enforcement officer's selection of the towing operator.

(3) The authority provided to the owner or operator under subdivision (1) of this subsection may be superseded by the enforcement officer if the towing operator of choice cannot respond to the scene in a timely fashion and the vehicle or cargo is a hazard, impedes the flow of traffic, or may not legally remain in its location in the opinion of the enforcement officer.

(d)(1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the vehicle owner and the motor carrier, if any, shall be responsible to the law enforcement agency or towing operator for reasonable costs incurred solely in the removal and subsequent disposition of the vehicle or cargo under this section.

(2) When applicable, the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 6615 (liability for release of hazardous materials) shall apply in lieu of this subsection.

(e) Except for intentionally inflicted damage or gross negligence, an enforcement officer or a person acting at the direction of an enforcement officer who removes from a highway a motor vehicle or cargo that is obstructing traffic or maintenance activities or creating a hazard to traffic shall not be liable for damage to the vehicle or cargo incurred during the removal.

(f) Any enforcement officer causing the removal of a motor vehicle under this section shall notify the Department as to the location and date of discovery of the vehicle, date of removal of the vehicle, name of the towing service removing the vehicle, and place of storage. The officer shall record and remove from the vehicle, if possible, any information that might aid the Department in ascertaining the ownership of the vehicle and forward the information to the Department. A motor vehicle towed under authority of this section may qualify as an abandoned motor vehicle under chapter 21, subchapter 7 of this title.

(g)(1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the operator of a vehicle involved in a crash who is required by law to stop the vehicle, or who elects to stop the vehicle, at the crash scene shall move and stop the vehicle at the nearest location where the vehicle will not impede traffic or jeopardize the safety of a person.

(2) The duty to move a vehicle under subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not apply when:

(A) the crash involved the death of or apparent injury to any person;

(B) the vehicle to be moved was transporting hazardous material;

(C) the vehicle cannot be operated under its own power without further damage to the vehicle or the highway; or

(D) the movement cannot be made without endangering other highway users.

(3) An operator required to move a vehicle under this subsection who fails to do so shall not be ticketed, assessed a civil penalty, or have points assessed against his or her driving record.
23 V.S.A. § 3826 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3826
§ 3826. Release of security interest
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the satisfaction of a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for which the certificate of title is in the possession of the lienholder, he or she shall, within 10 days after demand and, in any event, within 30 days, execute a release of his or her security interest, in the space provided on the certificate or as the Commissioner prescribes, and mail or deliver the certificate and release to the next lienholder named, or, if none, to the owner or any person who delivers to the lienholder an authorization from the owner to receive the certificate. The owner, other than a dealer holding the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for resale, shall promptly cause the certificate and release to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner, who shall release the lienholder's rights on the certificate or issue a new certificate.

(b) Upon the satisfaction of a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for which the certificate of title is in the possession of a prior lienholder, the lienholder whose security interest is satisfied shall within 10 days after demand and, in any event, within 30 days execute a release in the form the Commissioner prescribes and deliver the release to the owner or any person who delivers to the lienholder an authorization from the owner to receive it. The lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall either deliver the certificate to the owner, or the person authorized by him or her, for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt of the release, mail or deliver it with the certificate to the Commissioner, who shall release the subordinate lienholder's rights on the certificate or issue a new certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 609 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 609
§ 609. Veterans' exemption
Status: in_force

No fees shall be charged an honorably discharged veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces who is a resident of the State of Vermont for a license to operate a motor vehicle, when the veteran has acquired a motor vehicle with financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and he or she is otherwise eligible to be granted the license, and when his or her application is accompanied by a copy of an approved VA Form 21-4502 issued by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs certifying him or her to be entitled to the financial assistance.
23 V.S.A. § 3009 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3009
§ 3009. Discontinuance, revocation, and reinstatement of licenses
Status: in_force

(a) When any person ceases to be a licensee by reason of a discontinuance, sale, or transfer of his or her business at any location, he or she shall notify the Commissioner in writing by mail at the time the discontinuance, sale, or transfer takes effect. The notice shall give the date of discontinuance and, in the event of a sale or transfer of the business, the name and address of the purchaser or transferee. All taxes, interest, and penalties not yet due and payable under the provisions of this chapter shall be due and payable, notwithstanding such provisions, concurrently with the discontinuance, sale, or transfer. The licensee shall file a report by mail and simultaneously pay all taxes, interest, penalties, and other expenses due by him or her and surrender to the Commissioner the license certificate issued to him or her together with all duplicates and copies, and a user shall remove and surrender to the Commissioner all identification markers from his or her motor vehicles. Until such notice has been given to the Commissioner by a licensee required to file a bond, the seller and his or her surety shall be liable for the taxes, interest, penalties, and other expenses accruing against the transferee, but only to the extent of the value of the property transferred.

(b) The Commissioner may suspend or revoke the license, the right to operate any vehicle, and any registrations of a person who fails to comply with any provision of this chapter or any rule adopted pursuant to this chapter. Such suspension or revocation shall be effective upon not less than 15 days' notice unless within those 15 days the licensee mails a written request for a hearing to show cause why the suspension or revocation should not become effective.

(c) The Commissioner may reinstate a suspended license or issue a new license at any time upon satisfaction by the licensee of the delinquency for which such license was revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 618a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 618a
§ 618a. Anatomical Gift Act; donor; form
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall provide a form that, upon the licensee's execution, shall serve as a document of an anatomical gift under 18 V.S.A. chapter 110. An indicator shall be placed on the license of any person who has executed an anatomical gift form in accordance with this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1220b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1220b
§ 1220b. Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund
Status: in_force

(a) There is created a Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund, which shall be a special fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5.

(b) The Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund shall consist of receipts from the surcharges assessed under subsection 1210(i) of this title.

(c) The Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Special Fund shall be used for the implementation and support of the Blood and Breath Alcohol Testing Program within the Department of Public Safety.
23 V.S.A. § 1284 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1284
§ 1284. Vehicle maintenance
Status: in_force

(a) School buses shall at all times be maintained in a safe operating condition.

(b) A systematic preventive maintenance program shall be established and records kept, which at all times shall be available for inspection by any enforcement officer.

(c) School bus drivers shall perform daily pre-trip inspections of their vehicles and report immediately, in writing, to their supervisors, any defects or deficiencies discovered that may affect the safety of the operation of the vehicle or result in its mechanical breakdown.
23 V.S.A. § 3518 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3518
§ 3518. Applicability
Status: in_force

The provisions of subsections 3506(e) and (f) and sections 3515 through 3517 of this title shall not apply to any two-wheeled vehicles, nor to four-wheeled vehicles having a dry weight in excess of 700 pounds.
23 V.S.A. § 3817 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3817
§ 3817. Resale by dealer
Status: in_force

If a dealer buys a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and holds it for resale and obtains the certificate of title from the owner or the lienholder within 10 days after receiving the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the certificate need not be sent to the Commissioner. When the dealer transfers the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to a person, other than by the creation of a security interest, he or she shall simultaneously execute the assignment and warranty of title by filling in the spaces on the certificate of title or as prescribed by the Commissioner. The certificate shall be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner with the transferee's application for a new certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 473 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 473
§ 473. When registration is allowed, required; penalties
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not engage in the business of selling or exchanging vehicles or motorboats, as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title, without a dealer registration and obtaining dealer plates or motorboat registrations in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter and, if applicable, section 3204, 3305, or 3504 of this title. A person may register as a dealer only if he or she is engaged in the business of selling or exchanging vehicles or motorboats as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title or, in the case of an initial registration, if the person's reasonable estimate of expected sales or exchanges satisfies the minimum thresholds under subdivision 4(8) of this title. A person who violates this section shall be subject to the penalties established pursuant to section 475 of this title.

(b) A person who misrepresents himself or herself as a dealer in the purchase, sale, or exchange of a vehicle or motorboat without registering as a dealer, or after the cancellation, suspension, or revocation of the dealer's registration, or who makes misrepresentations to the Department in order to qualify for registration, shall be subject to the penalties established pursuant to section 475 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1400b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1400b
§ 1400b. Filing of restrictions, publication
Status: in_force

(a) Any municipality that has enacted special weight limits that are other than State legal limits for highways or bridges within its jurisdiction shall file a complete copy of the limitations with the Department of Motor Vehicles each year. The information filed shall contain a concise listing of each highway or bridge posted; the time of the year the restrictions apply; weight limitations in effect on that highway or bridge; and the name, address, and telephone number of the principal person or persons responsible for issuing the local permit. Additions or deletions to the listing may be made from time to time, as required, by filing with the Department.

(b) Any special municipal weight limits on highways or bridges shall be unenforceable unless they are on file with the Department of Motor Vehicles within three working days of the date of posting. It shall be the responsibility of the municipality to keep records documenting the time and date a highway or bridge is posted and to keep current restrictions on file with the Department. The Department may prescribe the format that is to be used when filing restrictions under this section.

(c) The Department shall publish, on an annual basis, a list of municipal highways or bridges and their current weight limits. This publication shall be based on the information submitted by the municipalities under subsection (a) of this section, as well as information available through the Agency of Transportation, and shall be available to the public, at a charge not in excess of $25.00, on or before April 1 of each year.

(d) The Department shall also publish, on a quarterly basis, a periodic update of current weight limits for municipal highways and bridges and shall make that available to the general public at a cost of not more than $5.00.

(e) Any person may request information on specific municipalities from the Department and shall pay the Department a fee of $3.00 per request. A single request shall be made for information on each municipality. In the event nothing is filed by a particular municipality, the Department shall provide that information, in written form, and charge the $3.00 fee.

(f) The Commissioner may require prepayments for information requested pursuant to this section.
23 V.S.A. § 321 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 321
§ 321. Procedure upon transfer
Status: in_force

Upon the transfer of ownership of any registered motor vehicle, its registration shall expire. The person in whose name the transferred vehicle was registered shall immediately return to the Commissioner the registration certificate assigned to the transferred vehicle, with the date of transfer and the name and residence of the new owner endorsed on the back. However, the Commissioner may accept any other satisfactory evidence of the date of transfer and new ownership. The transferor shall immediately remove the registration number plates from the transferred vehicle and may attach the registration number plates to another unregistered motor vehicle owned by him or her and the owner or operator shall not, for a period of 60 days, be subject to a civil penalty for the operation of the latter motor vehicle without the proper registration certificate, provided he or she has, within 24 hours of the transfer, made application, as provided in section 323 of this title, for transfer of the registration number plates. If such application for transfer is not so received by the Commissioner, the number plates shall be returned to the Commissioner at the end of five days after the transfer of ownership.
23 V.S.A. § 1095a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1095a
§ 1095a. Junior operator use of portable electronic devices
Status: in_force

(a) An individual under 18 years of age shall not use any portable electronic device as defined in subdivision 4(82) of this title while operating a moving motor vehicle in a place open temporarily or permanently to public or general circulation of vehicles.

(b) In addition, an individual under 18 years of age shall not use any portable electronic device while operating a motor vehicle on a public highway, including while the vehicle is stationary, unless otherwise provided in this section. As used in this subsection:

(1) “Public highway” means a State or municipal highway as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(12).

(2) “Operating” means operating a motor vehicle on a public highway, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device, or other temporary delays. “Operating” does not include operating a motor vehicle with or without the motor running when the operator has moved the vehicle to the side of or off the public highway and has halted in a location where the vehicle can safely and lawfully remain stationary.

(c) The prohibitions of this section shall not apply when use of a portable electronic device is necessary for an individual to communicate with law enforcement or emergency service personnel under emergency circumstances.

(d)(1) An individual who violates this section commits a traffic violation as defined in section 2302 of this title and shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $100.00 and not more than $200.00 for a first violation, and of not less than $250.00 and not more than $500.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period.

(2) An individual convicted of violating this section while operating within the following areas shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00 and not more than $400.00 for a first violation and of not less than $500.00 and not more than $1,000.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period and shall have four points assessed against his or her driving record for a first violation and five points assessed for a second or subsequent violation:

(A) a properly designated work zone in which construction, maintenance, or utility personnel are present; or

(B) a school zone marked with warning signs conforming to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

(3) An individual convicted of violating this section outside the areas designated in subdivision (2) of this subsection shall have two points assessed against his or her driving record.
23 V.S.A. § 3511 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3511
§ 3511. Crashes; duty to stop and report
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of an all-terrain vehicle who has caused or is involved in a crash resulting in injury to any person or property, other than the all-terrain vehicle then under his or her control, shall immediately stop and render whatever assistance may be reasonably necessary. He or she shall give his or her name, residence, registration number, and the name of the owner of the all-terrain vehicle to the party whose person or property is injured.

(b) The operator of an all-terrain vehicle involved in a crash resulting in death or injury to any person or damage to property, other than the all-terrain vehicle he or she is operating, in excess of $100.00, shall notify an enforcement officer immediately and file a report of the incident with the Commissioner within 72 hours, on forms prescribed by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1492 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1492
§ 1492. Liability for damage defined; limitations
Status: in_force

The owner, driver, operator, or mover of any motor truck, tractor, trailer, wagon, cart, carriage, or other object or contrivance that is moved or operated on any highway in violation of any of the provisions of sections 1083, 1092, 1302, 1305, and 1431 and subsection 1434(c) of this subchapter; such portion of sections 1003 and 1081 of this subchapter as pertains to trucks and buses; and such portion of section 1391 of this subchapter as relates to weight in relation to tire surface shall be liable to the State or municipal corporation in which the act is committed for damages to a public highway or bridge occasioned by such moving or operating, to be recovered in a civil action, in the name of the State or municipal corporation, or in an action on the bond provided in this chapter in connection with the issuance of permits, provided the action is brought within two years after such act is committed.
23 V.S.A. § 463 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 463
§ 463. Sale of vehicle to go out of State
Status: in_force

A registered motor vehicle dealer is authorized to issue an in-transit registration permit for the purpose of movement over the highways of certain motor vehicles otherwise required to be registered when these vehicles are sold in this State to be transported to and registered in another state or province. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall, upon request, provide registered motor vehicle dealers with such numbers of applications and special in-transit number plates for vehicles sold in this State to be transported to and registered in another state or province as shall be necessary. The Commissioner is authorized to charge a fee of $8.00 for the processing of the plate application and the issuance of the plate. The dealer, upon the sale of a motor vehicle to be transported to and registered in another state or province, shall cause the application to be filled out and transmitted to the Commissioner and shall attach to the vehicle the in-transit number plate corresponding to the application. No registered motor vehicle dealer shall sell, exchange, give, or transfer any application or in-transit plate to any person other than the person to whom the dealer sells or exchanges a motor vehicle to be registered in another state or province. The application shall be in a form prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner. The special in-transit number plate to be attached to the vehicle will be issued in the form and design as prescribed by the Commissioner and shall be valid for a period of 30 days from the date of issue.
23 V.S.A. § 325 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 325
§ 325. Refund of part of old registration fee
Status: in_force

If the registration fee of the motor vehicle sought to be registered is less than the registration fee of the transferred motor vehicle, the Commissioner shall certify to the Commissioner of Finance and Management the facts pertinent to the difference of such registration fees, giving the name of the owner of such motor vehicle, his or her address, the amount of the original registration fee paid, the date of application for transfer, and the correct fee for the motor vehicle sought to be registered. The Commissioner of Finance and Management shall issue his or her warrant in favor of the owner for such percent of the difference in registration fees as the unexpired term bears to the entire registration period, but if a transfer of registration is made before the 15th day of any month, the transfer, for the purpose of the refund, shall be considered as having been made on the first day of such month. If such transfer of registration is made on or after the 15th day of any month, the transfer, for the purpose of the refund, shall be considered as having been made on the first day of the month following such application for transfer.
23 V.S.A. § 465 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 465
§ 465. Loaning of plates, vehicles, or motorboats prohibited
Status: in_force

A dealer shall not lend or lease registration certificates, numbers, decals, or number plates that have been assigned to the dealer under the provisions of this chapter, nor shall the dealer lend or lease a vehicle or motorboat to which the dealer's decals, numbers, or number plates have been attached, nor lend or lease the dealer's decals, numbers, or number plates to a subagent.
23 V.S.A. § 1027 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1027
§ 1027. Unauthorized signs, signals, or markings
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall place, maintain, or display upon or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that is an imitation of or resembles an official traffic-control device or railroad sign or signal or that attempts to direct the movement of traffic or that obscures or interferes with the effectiveness of an official traffic-control device or any railroad sign or signal.

(b) No person shall place or maintain upon any highway, nor may any public authority permit upon any highway, any traffic sign or signal bearing thereon any commercial advertising, except as otherwise provided in 10 V.S.A. chapter 21.

(c) This section shall not be deemed to prohibit the erection upon private property adjacent to highways of signs giving useful directional information and of a type that cannot be mistaken for official signs, nor shall this provision affect any right or obligation created or recognized under 10 V.S.A. chapter 21.

(d) Every prohibited sign, signal, or marking is a public nuisance, and the Agency of Transportation may remove it or cause it to be removed without notice.
23 V.S.A. § 1399 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1399
§ 1399. Exceptions for construction and maintenance equipment; fire apparatus; and heavy-duty tow and recovery vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section, “heavy-duty tow and recovery vehicle” means a vehicle that:

(1) is transporting a disabled vehicle from the place where the vehicle became disabled to the nearest appropriate repair facility; and

(2) has a gross vehicle weight that is equal to or exceeds the gross vehicle weight of the disabled vehicle being transported.

(b) Nothing contained in sections 1391–1398 of this subchapter shall restrict the weight of:

(1) Snow plows, road machines, oilers, traction engines, tractors, rollers, power shovels, dump wagons, trucks, or other construction or maintenance equipment when used by any town, incorporated village, city, or the State in the construction or the maintenance of any highway, provided that such construction or maintenance is performed by persons employed by or under contract with such town, incorporated village, city, or the State for this purpose. However, any operation of motorized highway building equipment or road making appliances used in construction work contracted by a town, incorporated village, city, or the State shall be unrestricted as to weight only within a construction area.

(2) Municipal and volunteer fire apparatus and law enforcement motor vehicles.

(3) Heavy-duty tow and recovery vehicles on the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.
23 V.S.A. § 3555 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3555
§ 3555. Procedure for home jurisdiction-Article IV
Status: in_force

(a) Upon receipt of a report of a failure to comply from the licensing authority of the issuing jurisdiction, the licensing authority of the home jurisdiction shall notify the motorist and initiate a suspension action, in accordance with the home jurisdiction's procedures, to suspend the motorist's driver's license until satisfactory evidence of compliance with the terms of the traffic citation has been furnished to the home jurisdiction licensing authority. Due process safeguards will be accorded.

(b) The licensing authority of the home jurisdiction shall maintain a record of actions taken and make reports to issuing jurisdictions as provided in the Compact Manual.
23 V.S.A. § 1229 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1229
§ 1229. Rules
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may adopt rules necessary to implement the provisions of sections 1222, 1224, 1227, and 1228 of this title, relating to inspections and certification of inspection mechanics.

(b) In consultation with the Secretary of Natural Resources or the Secretary's designee, the Commissioner shall adopt rules, pursuant to the provisions in 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, to establish a standard of exhaust-smoke emission for all diesel-powered commercial motor vehicles operated on the highways of this State. In establishing this standard, the Commissioner shall review standards in effect in other states and shall endeavor to maintain consistency with those standards. The rules adopted shall recognize different types and ages of vehicles and comprise standards that shall, at least in part, be based on the age of the vehicle. The standards shall be reviewed by the Commissioner periodically and may be revised in consultation with the Secretary of Natural Resources or the Secretary's designee, as the Commissioner deems appropriate. Additionally, the Commissioner, in consultation with the Secretary of Natural Resources or the Secretary's designee, shall adopt rules that select a method or methods for testing the exhaust emissions of diesel-powered commercial motor vehicles and that implement section 1222a of this title. The method selected shall be one that is designed to be performed without unreasonable delay for the vehicle being tested. The rules shall include a process by which the owner of a commercial motor vehicle may arrange with the Department of Motor Vehicles for the voluntary exhaust-smoke emission testing of a vehicle. For the purposes of this section, “commercial motor vehicle” is defined under subdivision 4103(4) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3907 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3907
§ 3907. Applicability of other laws-Article VI
Status: in_force

Except as expressly required by provisions of this compact, nothing contained in the compact shall be construed to affect the rights of any party state to apply any of its other laws relating to licenses to drive to any person or circumstance, nor to invalidate or prevent any driver license agreement or other cooperative arrangement between a party state and a nonparty state.
23 V.S.A. § 1341 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1341
§ 1341. Trailer coaches-Safety chain
Status: in_force

In addition to a hitch, trailer coaches shall be secured to the towing vehicle, while in operation on any highway, by a safety chain. The hitch on any motor vehicle towing a trailer coach and the corresponding coupling on such coach and such safety chain shall be adequate to ensure the public safety.
23 V.S.A. § 1287 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1287
§ 1287. Multifunction school activity bus
Status: in_force

(a) A “multifunction school activity bus” is a vehicle that is used to transport students on trips other than on a fixed route between home and school and that meets the construction and safety standards for a “multifunction school activity bus” adopted by rule by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

(b) If a school owns a multifunction school activity bus or leases one other than as provided in subdivision 4(34)(A)(vi) of this title, the driver shall be required to hold a license that includes a school bus driver's endorsement. A school bus endorsement road test may be taken in a multifunction school activity bus, but the resulting endorsement shall be restricted to the operation of the appropriately sized multifunction school activity bus. Otherwise, the endorsement shall be a Type I or Type II endorsement as appropriate to the size of the vehicle.

(c) A multifunction school activity bus may be a color other than national school bus yellow.
23 V.S.A. § 1752 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1752
§ 1752. Parked vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a motor vehicle is parked on the highways of the town contrary to an ordinance of the town regulating parking so as to interfere with the policing, construction, or maintenance of the highways, including the removal of snow, the police department of the town may cause the motor vehicle to be towed away at the expense of the owner in an amount to be determined by the legislative body of the municipality, provided signs indicating that vehicles may be towed away at the owner's expense shall be posted conspicuously at or near all areas affected where parking is restricted by ordinance of the town.

(b) The police department and any other enforcement personnel, if authorized by specific action of the local legislative body of a municipality, may impound by use of a so-called “Denver Boot” or other immobilizing device, any vehicle, the owner of which has four or more unpaid parking violations in a calendar year; providing notice that the vehicle in question is subject to impoundment is sent to the offender by first-class mail at least 15 days prior to impoundment.
23 V.S.A. § 3210 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3210
§ 3210. Municipal ordinances
Status: in_force

Municipalities shall have the power to adopt ordinances pursuant to 24 V.S.A. chapter 59 for the purpose of regulating the time, manner, and location of operation of snowmobiles within their limits, provided such ordinances do not controvert the provisions of this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 364 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 364
§ 364. Motorcycles
Status: in_force

The annual fee for registration of a motorcycle, with or without sidecar, shall be $56.00.
23 V.S.A. § 4111a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4111a
§ 4111a. Commercial learner's permit
Status: in_force

(a) Contents of permit. A commercial learner's permit shall contain the following:

(1) the prominent statement that the permit is a “Commercial Learner's Permit,” except as specified in subsection 4109(a) of this title, and that it is not valid unless accompanied by a valid Vermont operator's license;

(2) the full name, signature, and residential address in Vermont of the permit holder;

(3) physical and other information to identify and describe the permit holder, including the month, day, and year of birth; sex; height; and photograph;

(4) the permit holder's State license number;

(5) an indication that the State of Vermont issued the permit;

(6) the date of issuance and the date of expiration of the permit;

(7) the group or groups of commercial motor vehicles that the permit holder is authorized to operate, indicated as follows:

(A) A for Combination Vehicle;

(B) B for Heavy Straight Vehicle;

(C) C for Small Vehicle;

(8) the endorsements for which the permit holder has qualified, if any, indicated as required under 49 C.F.R. § 383.153(b)(2)(viii); and

(9) the restrictions placed on the permit holder, if any, indicated as follows:

(A) P for No passengers in commercial motor vehicle bus;

(B) X for No cargo in commercial motor vehicle tank vehicle;

(C) L for a No Air brake equipped commercial motor vehicle;

(D) V for medical variance;

(E) M for No Class A passenger vehicle;

(F) N for No Class A and B passenger vehicle;

(G) K for Intrastate only;

(H) Any additional restrictions that apply to the commercial learner's permit driving privilege.

(b) Classifications, endorsements, and restrictions.

(1) The holder of a commercial learner's permit may not operate a commercial motor vehicle transporting hazardous materials.

(2) The holder of a commercial learner's permit may, unless otherwise disqualified, drive a commercial motor vehicle on a highway only when accompanied by the holder of a commercial driver's license valid for the type of vehicle driven who occupies a seat beside the individual or, in the case of a vehicle designed to transport more than 15 passengers, who occupies a seat directly behind or in the first row behind the driver and who directly observes and supervises the commercial learner's permit holder for the purpose of giving instruction in driving the commercial motor vehicle.

(3)(A) A commercial learner's permit holder with a passenger endorsement must have taken and passed the passenger endorsement knowledge test. A commercial learner's permit holder with a passenger endorsement is prohibited from operating a commercial motor vehicle carrying passengers, other than federal or state auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the commercial driver's license holder accompanying the commercial learner's permit holder as prescribed in subdivision (2) of this subsection. The passenger endorsement must be class specific.

(B) A commercial learner's permit holder with a school bus endorsement must have taken and passed the school bus endorsement knowledge test. A commercial learner's permit holder with a school bus endorsement is prohibited from operating a school bus with passengers other than federal or state auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the commercial driver's license holder accompanying the commercial learner's permit holder as prescribed in subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(C) A commercial learner's permit holder with a tank vehicle endorsement must have taken and passed the tank vehicle endorsement knowledge test. A commercial learner's permit holder with a tank vehicle endorsement may only operate an empty tank vehicle and is prohibited from operating any tank vehicle that previously contained hazardous materials that has not been purged of any residue.

(D) All other federal endorsements are prohibited on a commercial learner's permit.
23 V.S.A. § 3517 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3517
§ 3517. Distribution of safety education information
Status: in_force

Dealers shall distribute safety education information, as may be made available by the Commissioner of Public Safety or the vehicle manufacturers or distributors, to all purchasers of all-terrain vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 679 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 679
§ 679. Operating commercial motor vehicle after privilege suspended
Status: in_force

A person whose privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle has been suspended under section 4116a of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a commercial motor vehicle upon a public highway before the suspension period has expired shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsection 674(a) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1208 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1208
§ 1208. Suspensions for subsequent convictions
Status: in_force

(a) Second conviction. Upon a second conviction of an individual violating a provision of section 1201 of this title and upon final determination of an appeal, the court shall immediately forward the conviction report to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The Commissioner shall immediately suspend the operator's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle, as applicable, for 18 months and until the operator complies with section 1209a of this title. However, during the suspension, an eligible operator may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued pursuant to section 1213 of this title.

(b) Third conviction. Upon a third or subsequent conviction of an individual violating a provision of section 1201 of this title and upon final determination of any appeal, the court shall immediately forward the conviction report to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The Commissioner shall immediately revoke the operator's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a motor vehicle, as applicable, for life. However, during this lifetime revocation, an eligible operator may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued under section 1213 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3816 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3816
§ 3816. Transfer of interest in vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle
Status: reserved

(a) If an owner transfers his or her interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, other than by the creation of a security interest, he or she shall, at the time of delivery of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, execute an assignment and warranty of title to the transferee in the space provided on the certificate or as the Commissioner prescribes, and cause the certificate and assignment to be mailed or delivered to the transferee or to the Commissioner. Where title to a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is in the name of more than one person, the nature of the ownership must be indicated by one of the following on the certificate of title:

(1) TEN ENT (tenants by the entirety);

(2) JTEN (joint tenants);

(3) TEN COM (tenants in common); or

(4) PTNRS (partners).

(b) Upon request of the owner or transferee, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall, unless the transfer was a breach of his or her security agreement, either deliver the certificate to the transferee for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt from the transferee of the owner's assignment, the transferee's application for a new certificate, and the required fee, mail or deliver them to the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the lienholder under his or her security agreement.

(c) If a security interest is reserved or created at the time of the transfer, the certificate of title shall be retained by or delivered to the person who becomes the lienholder, and the parties shall comply with the provisions of section 3824 of this title.

(d) Except as provided in section 3817 of this title and as between the parties, a transfer by an owner is not effective until the provisions of this section and section 3819 of this title have been complied with; however, an owner who has delivered possession of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to the transferee and has complied with the provisions of this section and section 3819 of this title requiring action by him or her is not liable as owner for any damages thereafter resulting from operation of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(e)(1) Pursuant to the provisions of 14 V.S.A. § 313, whenever the estate of an individual who dies intestate consists principally of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and title to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed.

(2) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, and except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, whenever the estate of an individual consists in whole or in part of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, and the person's will or other testamentary document does not specifically address disposition of the same, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner and title to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed.

(3) This subsection shall not apply if the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is titled in the name of one or more persons other than the decedent and the surviving spouse.
23 V.S.A. § 1056 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1056
§ 1056. Highway solicitations
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, no person may stand within the roadway of a highway as defined in subdivision 4(32) of this title for the purpose of soliciting a ride, contributions, employment, or business from the occupant of any vehicle.

(b) Not-for-profit and municipal organizations may solicit contributions on the roadway of a highway, other than limited access highways, provided that approval is granted by the local legislative body, and the legislative body ensures that there is in effect a policy of liability insurance providing adequate coverage for the municipality. Approval shall not be granted by the local legislative body if the proposed activities or location would, in the judgment of the legislative body, create a safety hazard or cause undue traffic congestion. No solicitations on the roadway may be done by any person under 16 years of age.

(c) No person may stand within the portion of the highway right of way used for highway purposes for the purpose of soliciting the watching or guarding of any vehicle while parked or about to be parked on a street or highway.
23 V.S.A. § 1046 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1046
§ 1046. Vehicle approaching or entering intersection
Status: in_force

(a) When two vehicles approach or enter an intersection from different highways at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right.

(b) The right-of-way rule declared in subsection (a) of this section is modified at through highways as otherwise provided in this chapter and as follows:

(1) Whenever enforcement officers are present, they have the full power to regulate traffic.

(2) Operators shall approach and enter intersecting highways slowly, with due care to avoid crashes.
23 V.S.A. § 1753 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1753
§ 1753. Ordinances authorizing removal
Status: in_force

The selectboard of a town, the trustees of a village, or the board of aldermen of a city may enact ordinances authorizing the removal of motor vehicles parked without authorization on publicly or privately owned land and including, by illustration and not limitation, public, municipal, or private parking lots, drives, and ways. The owner of the motor vehicle may be required to pay reasonable towing and storage charges, as determined by the legislative body of the municipality, for which a lien may be imposed against the motor vehicle and its owner, or both, which may be in addition to any criminal penalty.
23 V.S.A. § 1705 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1705
§ 1705. Impersonating an inspector or examiner
Status: in_force

A person who falsely impersonates or attempts to impersonate a motor vehicle inspector, examiner, or State Police shall be imprisoned not more than six months or fined not more than $100.00, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 1058 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1058
§ 1058. Duties of pedestrians
Status: in_force

All pedestrians shall obey the instructions of all traffic control devices that are applicable to them and all instructions of enforcement officers relating to control of traffic.
23 V.S.A. § 3824 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3824
§ 3824. Duties on creation of security interest
Status: in_force

If an owner creates a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle:

(1) The owner shall immediately execute the application, in the space provided on the certificate of title or on a separate form the Commissioner prescribes, to name the lienholder on the certificate, showing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of his or her security agreement, and cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be delivered to the lienholder.

(2) The lienholder shall immediately cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.

(3) Upon request of the owner or subordinate lienholder, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall either mail or deliver the certificate to the subordinate lienholder for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt from the subordinate lienholder of the owner's application and the required fee, mail or deliver them to the Commissioner with the certificate. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the first lienholder under his or her security agreement.

(4) Upon receipt of the certificate of title, the application, and the required fee, the Commissioner shall either endorse the certificate or issue a new certificate containing the name and address of the new lienholder, and mail the certificate to the first lienholder named in it.
23 V.S.A. § 204 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 204
§ 204. Surrender of license or registration
Status: in_force

(a) A person whose license to operate a motor vehicle, nondriver identification card, or motor vehicle registration has been issued in error shall immediately surrender the license or registration upon demand of the Commissioner or the Commissioner's authorized inspector or agent. The demand shall be made in person or by notice in writing sent by first-class mail to the last known address of the person.

(b) The Commissioner or the Commissioner's authorized inspector or agent and all enforcement officers are authorized to take possession of any certificate of title, nondriver identification card, registration, or license issued by this or any other jurisdiction that has been revoked, canceled, or suspended, or that is fictitious, stolen, or altered.

(c) A suspension or revocation shall be deemed to be in effect upon receipt of the notice, if made in person, or three days after the deposit of the notice in the U.S. mail, if made in writing and sent by first-class mail to the last known address of the person.

(d) If a presuspension or prerevocation hearing is available by law, the written notice of suspension or revocation shall so state. Unless otherwise specifically provided by statute, a written request for a hearing must be received at the Department of Motor Vehicles within 15 days after the date of the notice or the right to a hearing is deemed to be waived.
23 V.S.A. § 496 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 496
§ 496. Written records
Status: in_force

Every transporter shall keep a written record, upon forms prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner for that purpose, of the motor vehicles upon which such transporter plate is used and the date and time during which each plate is used on a particular motor vehicle, which record shall be open to inspection by any law enforcement officer.
23 V.S.A. § 364a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 364a
§ 364a. Motor-driven cycles: registration; financial responsibility
Status: in_force

(a) The annual fee for registration of a motor-driven cycle shall be $34.00.

(b) Motor-driven cycle operators shall be subject to the provisions of section 801 of this title, which requires, in certain cases, that proof of financial responsibility be filed with the Commissioner after a crash.
23 V.S.A. § 3818 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3818
§ 3818. Involuntary transfers
Status: in_force

(a) If the interest of an owner in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle passes to another person, other than by voluntary transfer, the transferee shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, if available, proof of the transfer, and his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes.

(b) If the interest of the owner is terminated or the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is sold under a security agreement by a lienholder named in the certificate of title, the transferee shall promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes, and an affidavit, made by or on behalf of the lienholder, that the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle was repossessed and that the interest of the owner was lawfully terminated or sold pursuant to the terms of the security agreement. If the lienholder succeeds to the interest of the owner and holds the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle for resale, he or she need not secure a new certificate of title but, upon transfer to another person, shall promptly mail or deliver to the transferee or to the Commissioner the certificate, affidavit, and other documents required to be sent to the Commissioner by the transferee.

(c) A person holding a certificate of title whose interest in the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle has been extinguished or transferred other than by voluntary transfer shall mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner upon request of the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate pursuant to the request of the Commissioner does not affect the rights of the person surrendering the certificate, and the action of the Commissioner in issuing a new certificate of title is not conclusive upon the rights of an owner or lienholder named in the old certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 308 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 308
§ 308. Suspension, revocation, and denial of registration; reinstatement fee
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may suspend or revoke the registration of any motor vehicle registered in this State and repossess the number plates assigned to it, when he or she is satisfied that:

(1) the vehicle has been stolen and that the registrant does not have legal title;

(2) the vehicle is in such poor mechanical condition as to make its operation and use a menace or danger;

(3) the vehicle is operated without proper equipment after the owner has been notified to procure and use such equipment as is required by law or Department rules;

(4) the owner of the motor vehicle has perpetrated some fraud upon the Department of Motor Vehicles;

(5) the owner of the motor vehicle is a habitual user of alcohol to excess;

(6) the number plates were erroneously issued;

(7) suspension or revocation is authorized under any other provision of law; or

(8) the commercial motor carrier responsible for safety of the vehicle has been prohibited from operating by a federal agency.

(b) The Commissioner shall deny registration if the applicant fails to disclose material information required, or if the applicant has made a materially false statement on the application, or if the applicant's business is operated, managed, or otherwise controlled or affiliated with a person who is ineligible for registration, including the applicant entity, a relative, family member, corporate officer, or shareholder. A person whose privilege to operate has been suspended in accordance with subsection 3009(b) or 3103(b) of this title or section 110 of this title where the payments were due pursuant to section 3015 or 3106 of this title shall be ineligible for registration. The Department shall deny registration for a vehicle that has been assigned for safety to a commercial motor carrier who has been prohibited from operating by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration or a carrier whose business is operated, managed, or otherwise controlled or affiliated with a person who is ineligible for registration, including the owner, a relative, family member, corporate officer, or shareholder.

(c) Prior to terminating the revocation of a registration or reinstating a registration following suspension, the Commissioner shall require payment of a fee equivalent to the fee prescribed in section 675 of this title, except that no such fee shall be imposed if the registration was suspended or revoked following its erroneous issuance by the Commissioner. This fee shall be in addition to any other fee that may be required by law.
23 V.S.A. § 803 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 803
§ 803. Proof of financial responsibility to be kept in force
Status: in_force

After a person has been required to file proof of financial responsibility, he or she shall not thereafter be entitled to a renewal of his or her license, unless such proof or a renewal thereof is kept on file and in force, except as provided in section 809 of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, any person required to furnish proof of financial responsibility shall have his or her license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle suspended and shall surrender the license on the date that the insurance expires or is terminated.
23 V.S.A. § 1256 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1256
§ 1256. Motorcycles; headgear
Status: in_force

A person may not operate or ride upon a motorcycle upon a highway unless he or she properly wears protective headgear of a type that conforms to the federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards contained in 49 C.F.R. § 571.218, as may be amended. The requirement of this section shall not apply to occupants of fully enclosed autocycles.
23 V.S.A. § 1306 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1306
§ 1306. Rear wheel flaps
Status: in_force

No person may operate or cause to be operated any bus, truck, trailer, or semi-trailer upon any highway in this State unless the bus, truck, trailer, or semi-trailer is equipped with suitable metal protectors or substantial flexible flaps behind the rearmost wheels to prevent, as far as practicable, the wheels from throwing dirt, water, or any other materials on the windshields of vehicles following or approaching. The flaps shall be of a type and size as specified by the Department of Motor Vehicles. However, this section shall not apply to farm tractors or pole trailers. (1959, No. 105, §§ 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1959; amended 1971, No. 228 (Adj. Sess.), § 32.)
23 V.S.A. § 1250 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1250
§ 1250. Clearance lamps
Status: in_force

(a) Every motor vehicle, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, having a width at any part in excess of 80 inches, when in use or at rest on a highway, during the period from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise, shall display on the left side of the vehicle at least one lamp, to be known as a clearance lamp, displaying an amber light visible under normal atmospheric conditions 500 feet ahead of the vehicle and displaying a red light visible, under like conditions, 500 feet to the rear of the vehicle, to mark as closely as possible the extreme height and width of the vehicle.

(b) All motor vehicles of the pleasure car type having a width at any part in excess of 82 inches shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 2024 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2024
§ 2024. Resale by dealer
Status: in_force

If a dealer buys a vehicle, holds it for resale, and obtains the certificate of title from the owner or the lienholder, then the certificate need not be sent to the Commissioner. When the dealer transfers the vehicle to a person, other than by the creation of a security interest, he or she shall simultaneously execute the assignment and warranty of title by filling in the spaces on the certificate of title or as prescribed by the Commissioner or, if title is held by a finance source, execute a form prescribed by the Commissioner that provides proof of the transfer but does not release the lien. The certificate shall be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner with the transferee's application for a new certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 3202 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3202
§ 3202. Registration and TMA decal required; exceptions
Status: repealed

(a) Registration and decal required. A person shall not operate a snowmobile in this State unless it is registered and numbered by the State of Vermont or another state or province and displays a valid Vermont Trails Maintenance Assessment (TMA) decal adjacent to the registration decal on the left side of the snowmobile in accordance with this chapter, except when operated:

(1) On the property of the owner of the snowmobile.

(2) Off the highway, in a ski area while being used for the purpose of packing snow, or in rescue operations.

(3) For official use by a federal, State, or municipal agency and only if the snowmobile is identified with the name or seal of the agency in a manner approved by the Commissioner.

(4) Solely on privately owned land when the operator has the written consent of the owner, or his or her agent, of the property.

(5) On frozen bodies of water as designated by the Agency of Natural Resources under the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 2607. For purposes of this subdivision, a snowmobile shall not be required to display a TMA decal if not operating on a portion of the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System. Liability insurance as provided for in subdivision 3206(b)(19) of this title and a valid registration decal are required.

(6) For emergency use by fire service personnel.

(7) By a person who possesses a completed TMA form processed electronically and either printed out or displayed on a portable electronic device. The printed or electronic TMA form shall be valid for 10 days after the electronic transaction. Use of a portable electronic device to display a completed TMA form does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device.

(b) Registration period. The registration year for snowmobiles is from September 1 to August 31.

(c) Use of snowmobile on public or private lands. The registration of a snowmobile does not in and by itself constitute a license to cross or operate a snowmobile on public or private lands.

(d) Equipment condition and number. A snowmobile that does not comply with the provisions of section 3205 of this title or that has had its motor or serial number altered may not be registered by the Commissioner.

(e) Special decal exemptions. A snowmobile legally registered in another state or province may enter and operate in this State without a TMA decal as follows:

(1) Using a portion of the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System, a public right-of-way open to snowmobiles, or private land that is posted open to snowmobiles, for a distance not to exceed three miles for the sole purpose of accessing the closest food, fuel, lodging, and repair services. At a point three miles from the State line, trails shall be posted “VT TMA Required Beyond This Point.”

(2) In Addison, Bennington, and Rutland Counties, from the New York border to Poultney village via corridor trail 4A (Delaware Hudson Rail Trail); from the New York border in Pawlet in the north to the New York border in the south in the town of Rupert (13 miles) along corridor trail 4; and from Lake Champlain at Benson Landing to the town of Benson via the local snowmobile trail.

(3) For the purpose of accessing international customs services, on the so-called “Keyhole Trail,” for a distance of approximately one-half mile from United States/Canadian Customs at Beecher Falls to the town line of Pittsburg, New Hampshire, and for a distance of approximately four miles via Vermont Association of Snow Travelers snowmobile corridor 105 to Canaan and to the West Stewartstown, New Hampshire, bridge connecting to the New Hampshire 3A snowmobile trail on the Beecher Falls to Colebrook, New Hampshire, railbed, and on immediately adjacent areas for services.

(4) In Essex County, for a distance of approximately 18 miles to and from the New Hampshire border to the village of Beecher Falls in the town of Canaan, via Vermont Association of Snow Travelers snowmobile trails 103 to 96 to 105/96 to 105.

(5) The Commissioner may authorize the temporary operation of snowmobiles on designated regular or temporary trails for special events.

(f)-(h) [Repealed.]

(i) Authority of Agency of Natural Resources. Nothing in this section relating to operation on frozen bodies of water shall be construed to affect the authority of the Agency of Natural Resources to regulate uses of public bodies of water.
23 V.S.A. § 3024 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3024
§ 3024. Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Any person under this chapter who shall willfully: fail or refuse to pay the tax imposed or engage in any activity for which a license is required without having procured and maintained such license; fail to make any of the reports required; make any false statement in any application, report, or statement required; refuse to permit the Commissioner or any deputy to make the examination as provided by subsection 3013(c) of this title; fail to keep proper records of quantities of fuel received, sold, used, or delivered in this State as required; make any false statement on any delivery ticket or invoice as to the quantity of fuel delivered, sold, or used; make any false statement in connection with a report or an application for the refund of any monies or taxes; or engage in any act or activity with the intent to evade payment to or prevent collection by the State of the tax imposed shall be, in addition to any other prescribed penalties, guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than $5,000.00 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any person:

(1) to operate a motor vehicle subject to the provisions of this chapter upon any public highway in the State without first obtaining the diesel fuel user's license and marker required under section 3007 of this title or to so operate without displaying the marker or to so operate without having in the vehicle the license issued under section 3007 or a permit issued under section 3010 of this title;

(2) to violate any regulation issued by the Commissioner pursuant to the authority granted under this section; or

(3) to operate a motor truck without maintaining the record required by section 3025 of this title.

(c) Any person who violates any provision of subsection (b) of this section shall be fined not more than $2,000.00 or not less than $500.00. Such penalty shall be in addition to the penalty imposed by any other section of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 2043 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2043
§ 2043. Duties on creation of security interest
Status: in_force

If an owner creates a security interest in a vehicle:

(1) The owner shall immediately execute the application, in the space provided on the certificate of title or on a separate form the Commissioner prescribes, to name the lienholder on the certificate, showing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of the lienholder's security agreement, and cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be delivered to the lienholder.

(2) The lienholder shall immediately cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.

(3) Upon request of the owner or subordinate lienholder, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall either mail or deliver the certificate to the subordinate lienholder for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt from the subordinate lienholder of the owner's application and the required fee, mail or deliver them to the Commissioner with the certificate. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the first lienholder under his or her security agreement.

(4) Upon receipt of the certificate of title, the application, and the required fee, the Commissioner shall either endorse the certificate or issue a new certificate containing the name and address of the new lienholder, and mail the certificate to the first lienholder named in it.
23 V.S.A. § 3218 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3218
§ 3218. Law enforcement officer's testimony
Status: in_force

In any proceeding under this subchapter, a law enforcement officer's testimony that he or she is certified pursuant to 20 V.S.A. § 2358 shall be prima facie evidence of that fact.
23 V.S.A. § 3552 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3552
§ 3552. Declaration of policy and purpose-Article I
Status: in_force

(a) It is the policy of the party jurisdictions to:

(1) seek compliance with the laws, ordinances, and administrative rules and regulations relating to the operation of motor vehicles in each of the jurisdictions;

(2) allow motorists to accept a traffic citation for certain violations and proceed on their way without delay whether or not the motorist is a resident of the jurisdiction in which the citation was issued;

(3) extend cooperation to its fullest extent among the jurisdictions for obtaining compliance with the terms of a traffic citation issued in one jurisdiction to a resident of another jurisdiction;

(4) maximize effective utilization of law enforcement personnel and assist court systems in the efficient disposition of traffic violations.

(b) The purpose of this compact is to:

(1) provide a means through which the party jurisdictions may participate in a reciprocal program to effectuate the policies enumerated in paragraph (a) above in a uniform and orderly manner;

(2) provide for the fair and impartial treatment of traffic violators operating within party jurisdictions in recognition of the motorist's right of due process and the sovereign status of a party jurisdiction.
23 V.S.A. § 7 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 7
§ 7. Enhanced driver's license; maintenance of database information; fee
Status: repealed

(a) The face of an enhanced license shall contain the individual's name, date of birth, gender, a unique identification number, full facial photograph or imaged likeness, address, signature, issuance and expiration dates, citizenship, and, if applicable, a veteran designation. The back of the enhanced license shall have a machine-readable zone. A Gen 2 vicinity Radio Frequency Identification chip shall be embedded in the enhanced license in compliance with the security standards of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Any additional personal identity information not currently required by the Department of Homeland Security shall need the approval of either the General Assembly or the Legislative Committee on Administrative Rules prior to the implementation of the requirements.

(b)(1) In addition to any other requirement of law or rule, before an enhanced license may be issued to an individual, the individual shall present for inspection and copying satisfactory documentary evidence to determine identity and U.S. citizenship. A new application shall be accompanied by a photo identity document, documentation showing the individual's date and place of birth, proof of the individual's Social Security number, and documentation showing the individual's principal residence address. New and renewal application forms shall include a space for the applicant to request that a “veteran” designation be placed on the enhanced license.

(2) If a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2) and including an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(24), requests a veteran designation and provides a Department of Defense Form 214 or other proof of veteran status specified by the Commissioner, and the Office of Veterans' Affairs confirms the individual's status as an honorably discharged veteran; a veteran discharged under honorable conditions; or an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, the identification card shall include the term “veteran” on its face.

(3) To be issued, an enhanced license must meet the same requirements as those for the issuance of a U.S. passport. Before an application may be processed, the documents and information shall be verified as determined by the Commissioner.

(4) Any additional personal identity information not currently required by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security shall need the approval of either the General Assembly or the Legislative Committee on Administrative Rules prior to the implementation of the requirements.

(c) No person shall compile or maintain a database of electronically readable information derived from an operator's license, junior operator's license, enhanced license, learner permit, or nondriver identification card. This prohibition shall not apply to a person who accesses, uses, compiles, or maintains a database of the information for law enforcement or governmental purposes or for the prevention of fraud or abuse or other criminal conduct.

(d) The fee for an enhanced license shall be $36.00 in addition to the fees otherwise established by this title.

(e) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 4115 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4115
§ 4115. Reciprocity
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, an individual may drive a commercial motor vehicle in this State if the individual has a valid commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit issued by any state of the United States, any province or territory of Canada in accordance with the minimum federal standards for the issuance of commercial motor vehicle driver's licenses, or the Licensia Federal de Conductor issued by the Republic of Mexico if the individual's license or permit is not suspended, revoked, or canceled and if the individual is not disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle or subject to an out-of-service order.

(b) The Commissioner shall give all out-of-state convictions full faith and credit and treat them for sanctioning purposes under this chapter as if they occurred in this State.

(c) The Commissioner shall record disqualifications and convictions received from other jurisdictions regarding Vermont operators.
23 V.S.A. § 1114 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1114
§ 1114. Riding on motorcycles and motor-driven cycles
Status: in_force

(a) An individual operating a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall ride only upon the permanent and regular seat of the motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, and such operator shall not carry any other individual nor shall any other individual ride on a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle unless such motorcycle or motor-driven cycle is designed to carry more than one individual, in which event a passenger may ride upon the permanent and regular seat if designed for two individuals or upon another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle or motor-driven cycle at the rear or side of the operator.

(b) An individual shall only ride upon a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle while sitting astride the seat, facing forward, with one leg on each side of the motorcycle or motor-driven cycle. The requirement of this subsection shall not apply to occupants of autocycles or of sidecars.

(c) No individual shall operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle while carrying any package, bundle, or other article that prevents him or her from keeping both hands on the handlebars.

(d) No operator shall carry any passenger, nor shall any passenger ride, in a position that will interfere with the operation or control of the motorcycle or motor-driven cycle or the view of the operator.
23 V.S.A. § 1228 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1228
§ 1228. Mechanic certification; inspection designation; revocation
Status: in_force

Any certification for mechanic or designation as an inspection station may be revoked or suspended for cause as described in the official inspection manuals.
23 V.S.A. § 467 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 467
§ 467. Dealer duty to report sales, return expired plates
Status: in_force

On a form prescribed by the Commissioner, a dealer shall send the reports of sale to the Commissioner upon the sale and relative to his or her sale or exchange of new or used vehicles or motorboats, and return to the Commissioner number plates coming into his or her possession through the sale or exchange of a motor vehicle, the registration of which has expired under the provisions of section 321 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3211 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3211
§ 3211. Crashes; duty to stop and report
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a snowmobile who has caused or is involved in a crash resulting in injury to any person or property, other than the snowmobile then under his or her control, shall immediately stop and render such assistance as may be reasonably necessary. The operator shall give his or her name, residence, registration number, and the name of the owner of the snowmobile to the party whose person or property is injured.

(b) The operator of a snowmobile involved in a crash resulting in death or injury to any person, or damage to property other than the snowmobile he or she is operating, in excess of $500.00, shall immediately notify a law enforcement officer and file a report of the incident with the Commissioner within 72 hours, on forms prescribed by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 203 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 203
§ 203. Counterfeiting, fraud, and misuse; penalty
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not:

(1) counterfeit or cause to be counterfeited or have in his or her possession any counterfeit number plate, validating sticker, marker, inspection sticker, registration certificate, in-transit registration permit, learner's permit, nondriver identification card, insurance identification card, or operator's license or alter or have in his or her possession any altered number plate or marker;

(2) display or cause or permit to be displayed, or have in the person's possession, any fictitious or fraudulently altered operator's license, learner's permit, nondriver identification card, inspection sticker, registration certificate, or in-transit registration permit, or display for any fraudulent purpose an expired or counterfeit insurance identification card or similar document;

(3) lend his or her operator's license to any other person or knowingly permit the use thereof by another;

(4) display or represent as his or her own any operator's license, permit, or nondriver identification card not issued to him or her;

(5) permit any unlawful use of an operator's license, permit, or nondriver identification card issued to him or her by the Commissioner;

(6) obtain or attempt to obtain a registration plate, validation sticker, registration certificate, in-transit registration permit, operator's license, learner's permit, nondriver identification card, or duplicate copy of any of such documents by the use of fraudulently obtained, fictitious, or altered identity documents or by the use of identity documents not his or her own;

(7) obtain or attempt to obtain a registration plate, validation sticker, registration certificate, in-transit registration permit, certificate of title, operator's license, learner's permit, nondriver identification card, duplicate copy of any of these documents, or obtain or attempt to obtain any other permit, license, or special privilege from the Department of Motor Vehicles through the submission of an application containing false or fictitious information;

(8) lend his or her identity documents to aid an applicant in his or her attempt to fraudulently obtain or actually obtain a registration plate, validation sticker, registration certificate, in-transit registration permit, operator's license, learner's permit, nondriver identification card, or duplicate copy of such documents; or

(9) display on his or her vehicle an inspection sticker not issued to him or her for the vehicle.

(b)(1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, a violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be a traffic violation for which there shall be a penalty of not more than $1,000.00. If a person is found to have committed the violation, the person's privilege to operate motor vehicles shall be suspended for 60 days.

(2)(A) If a person may be charged with a violation of subdivision (a)(2) of this section or with a violation of 7 V.S.A. § 656, the person shall be charged with a violation of 7 V.S.A. § 656 and not with a violation of this section.

(B) If a person may be charged with a violation of subdivision (a)(2) of this section or with a violation of 7 V.S.A. § 1005, the person shall be charged with a violation of 7 V.S.A. § 1005 and not with a violation of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 2045 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2045
§ 2045. Release of security interest
Status: in_force

(a) Upon satisfaction of a security interest in a vehicle for which the lienholder possesses the certificate of title, the lienholder shall, within 12 business days after a request for release of the security interest, fully execute a release of the security interest in the space provided on the certificate or in the form the Commissioner prescribes and mail or deliver the certificate and release to the next named lienholder or, if none, to the owner or any person authorized by the owner to receive the certificate (hereafter, “owner's designee”). The owner or the owner's designee, other than a dealer holding the vehicle for resale, shall promptly cause the certificate and release to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner, who shall release the lienholder's rights on the certificate or issue a new certificate.

(b) Upon satisfaction of the security interest of a subordinate lienholder who does not possess the certificate of title, the subordinate lienholder shall, within 12 business days after a request for release of the security interest, fully execute a release in the form the Commissioner prescribes and deliver the release to the owner or the owner's designee. The lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall either deliver the certificate to the owner or the owner's designee for delivery to the Commissioner or, if the lienholder in possession receives the release, mail or deliver it with the certificate to the Commissioner, who shall release the subordinate lienholder's rights on the certificate or issue a new certificate. A subordinate lienholder whose security interest is fully satisfied but receives the certificate of title pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall, within three business days after its receipt, mail or deliver the title to the owner or the owner's designee.

(c) For purposes of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, a release not sent by electronic means is deemed fully executed when it is completed and placed in the U.S. mail postage prepaid or delivered to the person requesting the release as shown on the form so requesting it.

(d) A lienholder that fails to satisfy the requirements of subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall, upon written demand sent by certified mail, be liable to pay the owner or the owner's designee $25.00 per day for each day that the requirements of subsection (a) or (b) remain unsatisfied, up to a maximum of $2,500.00, in addition to any other remedies that may be available at law or equity. If the lienholder fails to pay the amount owed under this subsection within 60 days following the written demand, the owner or the owner's designee may bring a civil action and, if the lienholder is found to have violated subsection (a) or (b) of this section, the amount owed under this subsection shall be trebled, resulting in an award of up to $7,500.00, and reasonable attorney's fees and costs shall be awarded.
23 V.S.A. § 2022 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2022
§ 2022. Duplicate certificate
Status: repealed

(a) If a certificate is lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed or becomes illegible, the first lienholder or, if none, the owner or legal representative of the owner named in the certificate, as shown by the records of the Commissioner, shall promptly make application for and may obtain a duplicate upon furnishing information satisfactory to the Commissioner. It shall be mailed to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) A person recovering an original certificate of title for which a duplicate has been issued shall promptly surrender the original certificate to the Commissioner.

(d) When a duplicate certificate of title is issued, the Commissioner shall cause the original certificate of title for that vehicle to be revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 3312a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3312a
§ 3312a. Operation of personal watercraft
Status: in_force

(a) An individual less than 16 years of age shall not operate a personal watercraft.

(b) All individuals operating or riding on a personal watercraft shall wear a properly secured wearable U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device as intended by the manufacturer.

(c) Personal watercraft shall not be operated at any time between sunset and sunrise.

(d) Every individual operating a personal watercraft equipped by the manufacturer with a lanyard type engine cut-off switch shall attach the lanyard to his or her wrist, clothing, or personal flotation device as appropriate for the specific craft.
23 V.S.A. § 1603a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1603a
§ 1603a. Reports of crashes
Status: in_force

(a) All crashes involving a commercial motor vehicle or any vehicle displaying a hazardous materials placard shall be reported to the Agency of Transportation by appropriate law enforcement personnel on forms and in a manner prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation.

(b) Law enforcement officers who investigate motor vehicle crashes other than those involving vehicles described in subsection (a) of this section shall forward a report to the Agency of Transportation within 30 days after the crash is investigated on forms prescribed and furnished by the Secretary of Transportation and approved by the Attorney General with respect to any matter affecting the substantive rights of any person.
23 V.S.A. § 805 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 805
§ 805. Waiver of defenses against injured party
Status: in_force

When evidence of the insuring of a person, convicted of a violation of a motor vehicle law within the terms of this title, is offered as proof of financial responsibility, the presentation of such proof shall include certification that the policy of insurance or indemnity bond has a certificate waiving, as against injured persons, all defenses based on false representation or breach of warranties as set forth in the application for the policy of insurance or indemnity bond by the insured attached. Such contract, bond, or policy of insurance shall be for the benefit of a person injured in person or property, to the amounts indicated, to satisfy the legal liability of the insured.
23 V.S.A. § 705 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 705
§ 705. Qualifications for instructor's license
Status: in_force

(a) In order to qualify for an instructor's license, each applicant shall:

(1) not have been convicted of:

(A) a felony nor incarcerated for a felony within the 10 years prior to the date of application;

(B) a violation of section 1201 of this title or a like offense in another jurisdiction reported to the Commissioner pursuant to subdivision 3905(a)(2) of this title within the three years prior to the date of application;

(C) a subsequent violation of an offense listed in subdivision 2502(a)(5) of this title or of section 674 of this title; or

(D) a sex offense that requires registration pursuant to 13 V.S.A. chapter 167, subchapter 3;

(2) pass an examination required by the Commissioner on:

(A) traffic laws;

(B) safe driving practices;

(C) operation of motor vehicles; and

(D) qualifications as a teacher;

(3) be physically able to operate a motor vehicle and to train others in such operation;

(4) have five years' experience as a licensed operator and be at least 21 years of age on date of application; and

(5) pay the application and license fees prescribed in section 702 of this title.

(b) Commercial motor vehicle instructors shall satisfy the requirements of subdivisions (a)(1), (2), (3), and (5) of this section, and:

(1) If the commercial motor vehicle instructor is a behind the wheel (BTW) instructor, shall either:

(A)(i) hold a CDL of the same or higher class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided;

(ii) have at least two years of experience driving a commercial motor vehicle requiring the same or higher class of CDL and any applicable endorsements required to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided; and

(iii) meet any additional applicable State requirements for commercial motor vehicle instructors; or

(B)(i) hold a CDL of the same or higher class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided;

(ii) have at least two years' experience as a BTW instructor; and

(iii) meet any additional applicable State requirements for commercial motor vehicle instructors.

(2) If the commercial motor vehicle instructor is a theory instructor, the instructor shall:

(A)(i) hold a CDL of the same or higher class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided;

(ii) have at least two years of experience driving a commercial motor vehicle requiring the same or higher class of CDL and any applicable endorsements required to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided; and

(iii) meet any additional applicable State requirements for commercial motor vehicle instructors; or

(B)(i) hold a CDL of the same or higher class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the commercial motor vehicle for which training is to be provided;

(ii) have at least two years' experience as a BTW instructor; and

(iii) meet any additional applicable State requirements for commercial motor vehicle instructors.
23 V.S.A. § 457 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 457
§ 457. Temporary plates
Status: in_force

At the time of the issuance of a registration certificate to a dealer as provided in this chapter, the Commissioner shall furnish the dealer with a sufficient number of number plates, temporary number plates, or temporary decals for use during the 60-day period immediately following sale of a vehicle or motorboat by the dealer. The plates and decals shall have the same general design as the plates or decals furnished individual owners, but the plates and decals may be of a material and color as the Commissioner may determine. The Commissioner shall collect a fee of $6.00 for each temporary plate issued.
23 V.S.A. § 462 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 462
§ 462. Cancellation, revocation, or suspension of dealer's registration
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may cancel, revoke, or suspend the registration of a dealer under the provisions of this chapter or section 3204, 3305, or 3504 of this title whenever, after the dealer has been afforded the opportunity of a hearing before the Commissioner or upon conviction in any court in any jurisdiction, it appears that the dealer has willfully violated any vehicle or motorboat law of this State or any lawful rule of the Commissioner applying to dealers, or when it appears that the dealer has engaged in fraudulent or unlawful practices related to the purchase, sale, or exchange of vehicles or motorboats. A dealer whose registration has been canceled, revoked, or suspended shall immediately return to the Commissioner the registration certificate and any and all number plates numbers, or decals furnished to the dealer by the Commissioner, and the privilege to operate, purchase, sell, or exchange vehicles or motorboats under the dealer's number shall cease. An application for a new dealer's registration for that dealer will not be considered until a revocation period has been served.

(b) A fee of $30.00 shall be paid to the Commissioner prior to the reinstatement of any dealer's registration that has been suspended for cause.
23 V.S.A. § 1285 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1285
§ 1285. Pupil instruction
Status: in_force

At least twice during each school year, each pupil who is transported in a school bus shall be instructed by school authorities in safe riding practices and participate in emergency evacuation drills.
23 V.S.A. § 2157 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2157
§ 2157. Municipal enforcement
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall not preempt any municipal abandoned motor vehicle ordinance.
23 V.S.A. § 3503 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3503
§ 3503. Transfer of registration
Status: in_force

The registration of an all-terrain vehicle ends when the owner transfers title to another person. The former owner shall immediately return to the Commissioner the registration certificate and plate previously assigned to the transferred all-terrain vehicle with the date of sale, name, and residence of the new owner endorsed on the back of the certificate. When a person transfers the ownership of a registered all-terrain vehicle to another person, files a new application, and pays a fee of $12.00, he or she may have registered in his or her name another all-terrain vehicle for the remainder of the registration year without payment of any additional registration fee.
23 V.S.A. § 1072 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1072
§ 1072. Certain vehicles must stop
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Before crossing at grade any track or tracks of a railroad, the drivers of the following vehicles shall stop within 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet, from the nearest rail of the railroad and while so stopped shall look and listen in both directions along the track for any approaching train or other on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or other on-track equipment, and shall not proceed until he or she can do so safely:

(A) any motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire except for jitneys designed to carry not more than seven passengers including the driver;

(B) any school bus or multifunction school activity bus; and

(C) any vehicle carrying explosive substances or flammable liquids as cargo or part of its cargo.

(2) After stopping as required in this subsection and upon proceeding when it is safe to do so, the driver of any such vehicle shall cross so that there will be no necessity for changing gears while traversing the crossing, and the driver shall not shift gears while crossing the track or tracks.

(b) No stop need be made at any crossing where an attendant, an enforcement officer, or a traffic-control signal directs traffic to proceed.

(c) The driver of a Type I school bus stopping as required under subsection (a) of this section shall open the door of the bus before crossing the railroad tracks. Drivers of Type II school buses shall open the left front window.

(d) Except when required by section 1071 of this title, stopping is not required at a crossing that has been signed as “exempt” in accordance with a designation of the Transportation Board.
23 V.S.A. § 205 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 205
§ 205. Notification of change of name or address
Status: in_force

The owner of a registered motor vehicle, snowmobile, or motorboat; a person licensed to operate a motor vehicle in this State; and a person licensed under chapter 27 or 28 of this title or 32 V.S.A. chapter 219 shall notify the Commissioner, in writing, of a change in the owner's or person's legal name or residence or mailing address within 30 days after the change is made.
23 V.S.A. § 1281 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1281
§ 1281. Additional equipment
Status: in_force

In addition to other equipment required by this title, any school bus as defined in section 4 of this title shall be equipped as follows:

(1) A door in the rear and a door on the right side for entrance or exit purposes.

(2) At least one fire extinguisher of a type approved by the Commissioner at all times in good and usable condition and easily accessible to the driver.

(3) A standard first-aid kit of a type approved by the Commissioner at all times filled with necessary articles.

(4) A hot water heater at all times capable of keeping the interior at a comfortable temperature or other type of heater approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(5) Adequate ventilation facilities.

(6) At least two windows of safety glass on each side to provide interior light and so secured as to afford protection against wind and rain.

(7) Seats securely fastened to the floor or sides of the interior and providing at least 13 inches of seat space for each child to be transported.

(8) In addition to the foregoing, all motor vehicles in which the original seating equipment has been modified or added to must comply with the following:

(A) All seats must be readily accessible by use of an aisle or door without interference from any other seat or seats.

(B) There must be a minimum of 36 inches of headroom for someone in a sitting position above the top of the undepressed cushion line of the seats.

(C) There must be a minimum of 12 inches from the top of the undepressed cushion line to the floor.

(D) Seats shall be covered with fire-resistant material.

(E) Jump seats or portable seats shall not be used.

(F) A seat beside the driver, if regular equipment or installed by the vehicle manufacturer, may be used for student seating. It shall be securely fastened to the body and shall be so constructed as not to interfere with students entering or leaving vehicle.

(G) All seats shall have at least 12 inches overall depth.

(H) If forward-facing seats are used, they shall be so placed that the distance from center to center measured at top center of the backs shall be not less than 26 inches.

(I) If longitudinal seats are used, only two shall be installed against the sides of the vehicle and the distance between the front edges of seat cushions shall be at least 24 inches.
23 V.S.A. § 1052 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1052
§ 1052. Crossing except at crosswalks
Status: in_force

(a) Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk shall yield the right of way to all vehicles upon the roadway.

(b) Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right of way to all vehicles upon the roadway.

(c) Between adjacent intersections at which traffic-control signals are in operation, pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.

(d) No pedestrian may cross a roadway intersection diagonally unless authorized by official traffic control devices or an enforcement officer. When authorized to cross diagonally, pedestrians may cross only in accordance with the official traffic control devices or signal of an enforcement officer.
23 V.S.A. § 1703 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1703
§ 1703. Defacing identifying numbers
Status: in_force

A person who willfully changes or attempts to change, or who tampers with, obliterates, defaces, or in any manner interferes with the original or assigned motor number or manufacturer's serial number of any motor vehicle or vessel, or with any of the secret or identifying numbers placed by the manufacturer of a motor vehicle or vessel by the Commissioner or any of the parts thereof upon the vehicle or vessel or parts, shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both, for the first offense and fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, for each subsequent offense.
23 V.S.A. § 377 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 377
§ 377. Government-owned vehicles
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall have authority to issue registration certificates and registration number plates without charge to passenger car vehicles, not otherwise required to be registered under the provisions of this title, owned by the U.S. government, other states, or provinces.
23 V.S.A. § 2002 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2002
§ 2002. Fees
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall be paid the following fees:

(1) for any certificate of title, including a salvage certificate of title, $42.00;

(2) for each security interest noted upon a certificate of title, including a salvage certificate of title, $14.00;

(3) for a certificate of title after a transfer, $42.00;

(4) for each assignment of a security interest noted upon a certificate of title, $14.00;

(5) for a duplicate certificate of title, including a salvage certificate of title, $42.00;

(6) for an ordinary certificate of title issued upon surrender of a distinctive certificate, $42.00;

(7) for filing a notice of security interest, $14.00;

(8) for a certificate of search of the records of the Department of Motor Vehicles, for each motor vehicle searched against, $27.00;

(9) for filing an assignment of a security interest, $14.00;

(10) for a certificate of title after a security interest has been released, $42.00;

(11) for a certificate of title for a motor vehicle acquired by a veteran with financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and exempt from registration fees pursuant to section 378 of this title, no fee;

(12) for a corrected certificate of title, $42.00.

(b) If an application, certificate of title, or other document required to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner under any provision of this chapter is not delivered to the Commissioner within 10 days from the time it is required to be mailed or delivered, the Commissioner shall collect, as a penalty, an amount equal to the fee required for the transaction.
23 V.S.A. § 1124 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1124
§ 1124. Position of operator
Status: in_force

No person may steer or operate, attempt to steer or operate, or participate in the steering or operation of a motor vehicle, except in an emergency, unless he or she is seated directly and immediately behind the steering wheel or other steering apparatus.
23 V.S.A. § 1142 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1142
§ 1142. Penalties
Status: in_force

A person who violates any provision of sections 1136 through 1141 and subsection 1141a(a) of this title shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00 for each offense, except that a person who violates subsection 1139(b) of this title shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $100.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 1
§ 1. Administration and enforcement of title
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and the Commissioner of Public Safety shall cooperate in carrying out all the statutes and rules adopted to implement the provisions of this title to achieve the most efficient and economical administration. In case of disagreement as to division of work, the Governor shall decide.
23 V.S.A. § 2013 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2013
§ 2013. When certificate required; issuance of exempt vehicle title upon request [Effective until contingency met]
Status: repealed

(a)(1) Except as provided in section 2012 of this title, the provisions of this chapter shall apply to and a title must be obtained for all motor vehicles at the time of first registration or when a change of registration is required under the provisions of section 321 of this title by reason of a sale for consideration.

(2) In addition, a Vermont resident may apply at any time to the Commissioner to obtain an “exempt vehicle title” for a vehicle that is more than 15 years old. Such titles shall be in a form prescribed by the Commissioner and shall include a legend indicating that the title is issued under the authority of this subdivision. The Commissioner shall issue an exempt vehicle title if the applicant pays the applicable fee and fulfills the requirements of this section, and if the Commissioner is satisfied that:

(A) the applicant is the owner of the vehicle;

(B) the applicant is a Vermont resident; and

(C) the vehicle is not subject to any liens or encumbrances.

(3) Prior to issuing an exempt vehicle title pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, the Commissioner shall require all of the following:

(A) The applicant to furnish one of the following proofs of ownership, in order of preference:

(i) a previous Vermont or out-of-state title indicating the applicant's ownership;

(ii) an original or a certified copy of a previous Vermont or out-of-state registration indicating the applicant's ownership;

(iii) sufficient evidence of ownership as determined by the Commissioner, including bills of sale or original receipts for major components of homebuilt vehicles; or

(iv) a notarized affidavit certifying that the applicant is the owner of the vehicle and is unable to produce the proofs listed in subdivisions (i)-(iii) of this subdivision (3)(A) despite reasonable efforts to do so.

(B) A notarized affidavit certifying:

(i) the date the applicant purchased or otherwise took ownership of the vehicle;

(ii) the name and address of the seller or transferor, if known;

(iii) that the applicant is a Vermont resident; and

(iv) that the vehicle is not subject to any liens or encumbrances.

(C) Assignment of a new vehicle identification number pursuant to section 2003 of this title, if the vehicle does not have one.

(b) The Commissioner shall not require an application for a certificate of title upon the renewal of the registration of a vehicle.

(c) The Commissioner shall note on the face of the registration of each vehicle for which a certificate of title has been issued a statement to that effect.

(a)(1) Except as provided in section 2012 of this title, the provisions of this chapter shall apply to and a title must be obtained for all motor vehicles at the time of first registration or when a change of registration is required under the provisions of section 321 of this title by reason of a sale for consideration.

(2) [Repealed.]

(3) [Repealed.]

(b) The Commissioner shall not require an application for a certificate of title upon the renewal of the registration of a vehicle.

(c) The Commissioner shall note on the face of the registration of each vehicle for which a certificate of title has been issued a statement to that effect.
23 V.S.A. § 708 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 708
§ 708. Refusal to issue license
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may refuse to issue a license to any applicant for a driver's training school license or instructor's license when the Commissioner is satisfied that:

(1) the applicant has not met the applicable requirements of sections 704 and 705 of this title;

(2) the applicant has made a material false statement or concealed a material fact in connection with the application;

(3) the applicant was previously the holder of a driver's training school or instructor's license that was revoked, suspended, or refused renewal;

(4) the applicant has been convicted of a felony or any crime involving violence, dishonesty, or deceit; and

(5) the applicant is not the true owner of the driver training school.
23 V.S.A. § 3204 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3204
§ 3204. Registration fees and dealer plates
Status: in_force

(a) Fees. Annual registration fees for snowmobiles other than as provided for in subsection (b) of this section are $28.00 for residents and $36.00 for nonresidents. Duplicate registration certificates may be obtained upon payment of $6.00.

(b) Dealer registration and plates; manufacturer plates; fees.

(1) A person engaged in the business of selling or exchanging snowmobiles as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title shall register as a dealer and obtain registration certificates and identifying number plates, subject to such rules as may be adopted by the Commissioner and to the requirements of chapter 7 of this title. A manufacturer of snowmobiles may register and obtain registration certificates and identifying number plates under this section. Plates shall be valid for the following purposes only: testing; adjusting; demonstrating; temporary use of customers for a period not to exceed 14 days; private business or pleasure use of such person or members of his or her immediate family; and use at fairs, shows, or races when no charge is made for such use.

(2) Fees for dealer registration certificates shall be $55.00 for the first certificate issued to any person and $6.00 for any additional certificate issued to the same person within the current registration period. Fees for temporary number plates shall be $3.00 for each plate issued.

(c) Temporary registration pending issuance of permanent registration. The Commissioner, by rules adopted pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, shall provide for the issuance of temporary registrations of snowmobiles pending issuance of the permanent registration. VAST shall be an agent of the Commissioner for the issuance of such temporary registrations. The fees for the temporary registrations shall be $28.00 for residents and $36.00 for nonresidents and shall also constitute payment of the registration fee required by subsection (a) of this section. VAST shall promptly remit any fees collected to the Commissioner in accordance with rules adopted under this subsection. Temporary registrations shall be kept with the snowmobile while being operated and shall authorize operation without the registration decal being affixed for a period not to exceed 60 days from the date of issue.

(d) Delegation. The Commissioner may authorize the Vermont Association of Snow Travelers, or its successor, and its agents to register snowmobiles, or to renew or assist with renewal of registrations, for residents and nonresidents.

(e) Fee setting. Only the General Assembly may change the fees provided for in this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1082 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1082
§ 1082. Slow-moving vehicles
Status: in_force

All slow-moving vehicles shall keep at all times as close to the right-hand side of the highway as is reasonably practicable. A person operating a motor vehicle that impedes other traffic on a highway shall pull off the highway at the first opportunity to allow the traffic to pass before proceeding.
23 V.S.A. § 1132 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1132
§ 1132. Driving on sidewalk
Status: in_force

No person shall drive any motor vehicle on a sidewalk or on any area designated exclusively for pedestrian traffic, except while crossing a driveway. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the operation of an electric personal assistive mobility device, at a speed not to exceed eight miles per hour, on a sidewalk by a person who is at least 16 years of age or who has an ambulatory disability as defined in section 304a of this title. Nor shall the provisions of this section limit the authority of a municipality under the provisions of 24 V.S.A. § 2291(1), (4), and (5) to regulate the use and operation of these devices.
23 V.S.A. § 1252 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1252
§ 1252. Law enforcement and emergency services vehicles; issuance of permits for sirens or emergency warning lamps, or both; use of amber lamps
Status: in_force

(a) Law enforcement vehicles.

(1) Law enforcement vehicles owned and operated by the government. The following are authorized for use, without permit, on all law enforcement vehicles owned or leased by the federal government, a municipality, a county, the State, or the Vermont Criminal Justice Council:

(A) Sirens, blue emergency warning lamps, or blue and white emergency warning lamps, or a combination thereof.

(B) A red emergency warning lamp or a red and amber emergency warning lamp provided that the emergency warning lamp is mounted so as to be visible primarily from the rear of the vehicle.

(2) Law enforcement vehicles owned or leased by a certified law enforcement officer.

(A) When satisfied as to the condition and use of the vehicle, the Commissioner shall issue and may revoke, for cause, permits for sirens and emergency warning lamps in the following manner:

(i) sirens, blue emergency warning lamps, or blue and white emergency warning lamps, or a combination thereof; and

(ii) a red emergency warning lamp or a red and amber emergency warning lamp, provided that the emergency warning lamp is mounted so as to be visible primarily from the rear of the vehicle.

(B) No motor vehicle, other than one owned by the applicant, shall be issued a permit until the Commissioner has recorded the information regarding both the owner of the vehicle and the applicant for the permit.

(3) Law enforcement vehicles owned or leased by a certified constable.

(A) The following are authorized for use, without permit, on all law enforcement vehicles owned or leased by a Vermont Criminal Justice Council certified constable for a municipality that has not voted to limit the constable's authority to engage in enforcement activities under 24 V.S.A. § 1936a: a red emergency warning lamp or a red and amber emergency warning lamp, provided that the emergency warning lamp is mounted so as to be visible primarily from the rear of the vehicle.

(B) A constable for a municipality that has voted to limit the constable's authority to engage in enforcement activities under 24 V.S.A. § 1936a shall not operate, in the course of the constable's elected duties, a motor vehicle with a siren or an emergency warning lamp.

(b) Emergency services vehicles.

(1) Emergency services vehicles owned and operated by the government. The following are authorized for use, without permit, on all emergency services vehicles owned or leased by the federal government, a municipality, or the State:

(A) sirens and red emergency warning lamps or red and white emergency warning lamps; and

(B) a blue emergency warning lamp or a blue and amber emergency warning lamp provided that the emergency warning lamp is mounted so as to be visible primarily from the rear of the vehicle.

(2) Emergency services vehicles not owned and operated by the government.

(A) When satisfied as to the condition and use of the vehicle, the Commissioner shall issue and may revoke, for cause, permits for sirens and emergency warning lamps in the following manner:

(i) Sirens and red emergency warning lamps or red and white emergency warning lamps may be authorized for all ambulances and other emergency medical service (EMS) vehicles, vehicles owned or leased by a fire department, vehicles used solely in rescue operations, or vehicles owned or leased by, or provided to, volunteer firefighters and voluntary rescue squad members, including a vehicle owned by a volunteer's employer when the volunteer has the written authorization of the employer to use the vehicle for emergency fire or rescue activities.

(ii) A blue emergency warning lamp or a blue and amber emergency warning lamp may be authorized for all EMS vehicles or vehicles owned or leased by a fire department, provided that the Commissioner shall require the emergency warning lamp be mounted so as to be visible primarily from the rear of the vehicle.

(B) No motor vehicle, other than one owned by the applicant, shall be issued a permit until the Commissioner has recorded the information regarding both the owner of the vehicle and the applicant for the permit.

(C) Upon application to the Commissioner, the Commissioner may issue a single permit for all the vehicles owned or leased by the applicant.

(c) Restored vehicles. Restored vehicles. A combination of one or more of red signal lamps, red and white signal lamps blue signal lamps, or blue and white signal lamps may be authorized for restored emergency or enforcement vehicles used for exhibition purposes. Sirens and lamps authorized under this subsection may only be activated during an exhibition, such as a car show or parade.

(d) Amber signal lamps. Amber signal lamps shall be used on road maintenance vehicles, service vehicles, and wreckers and shall be used on all registered snow removal equipment when in use removing snow on public highways, and the amber lamps shall be mounted so as to be visible from all sides of the motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3022 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3022
§ 3022. Proceedings to recover tax
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever any person fails to pay any tax, penalty, or interest, the Attorney General shall, upon the request of the Commissioner, enforce the payment on behalf of the State in any court of the State or of any other state of the United States or of any province of Canada.

(b) The remedy for the collection of taxes provided by 32 V.S.A. § 9811(b) shall be available to the Commissioner as an additional or alternate remedy and the Commissioner may issue a warrant directed to an enforcement officer who may exercise throughout the State the same powers granted to a sheriff in his or her county.

(c) The Commissioner is authorized to contract with private collection agencies for collection of tax penalties and interest imposed on persons who have failed to pay after reasonable notification of the debt. The Commissioner may agree to pay collection agencies a fixed rate for services rendered or a percentage of the amount actually collected by the agencies and remitted to the State. Notwithstanding 32 V.S.A. § 502, the Commissioner may charge against the collections an agreed-upon fixed rate or percentage of collections.
23 V.S.A. § 1409 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1409
§ 1409. Weighing of vehicles
Status: in_force

Any uniformed police officer, having reason to believe that the weight of the vehicle and load is unlawful, may stop such motor vehicles up to one hour for the purpose of determining the weight of said vehicle and load. If the operator does not wish to submit to the weighing of such vehicle and load by means of portable scales, he or she may demand that such vehicle be weighed at the nearest public scales reasonably available; however, if public scales are not reasonably available, the officer may require the vehicle to be weighed on portable scales. The officer may demand that the vehicle be weighed at the nearest public scales reasonably available.
23 V.S.A. § 1036 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1036
§ 1036. No-passing zones
Status: in_force

(a) The Traffic Committee is authorized to determine those portions of any highway under its jurisdiction where overtaking and passing or driving on the left side of the roadway would be especially hazardous and may by appropriate signs indicate the beginning and end of the zones, and when the signs are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person, every driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions.

(b) Where signs are in place to define a no-passing zone as set forth in subsection (a) of this section, no driver shall at any time drive to the left of the center of the roadway within the no-passing zone.

(c) Restrictions imposed under this section do not apply when subdivision 1031(a)(2) of this title applies or where a vehicle is turning left into an alley, private road, or driveway.
23 V.S.A. § 1410 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1410
§ 1410. Removal of overloads
Status: in_force

(a)(1) When the gross weight of such vehicle and load is determined to be at least 10,000 lbs. in excess of the weight limits for such trucks on such highways, the enforcement officer may require that such portion of the load that is found to be in excess of these weights be removed.

(2) When it is determined that portions of these loads referred to in this section must be removed, the truck may be driven to a suitable place for such removal. The enforcement officer may require that portions be removed onto another motor vehicle.

(b) Dispositions of property referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall be treated under the provisions of section 1413 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1230 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1230
§ 1230. Charge
Status: reserved

For each inspection certificate issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles, the Commissioner shall be paid $8.00, provided that State and municipal inspection stations that inspect only State or municipally owned and registered vehicles shall not be required to pay a fee. All vehicle inspection certificate charge revenue shall be allocated to the Transportation Fund with one-half reserved for bridge maintenance activities.
23 V.S.A. § 1129 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1129
§ 1129. Crashes; reports
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a motor vehicle involved in a crash in which someone is injured or there is total property damage of $3,000.00 or more shall make a written report concerning the crash to the Commissioner on forms furnished by the Commissioner. The written report shall be mailed to the Commissioner within 72 hours after the crash. The Commissioner may require further facts concerning the crash be provided upon forms he or she furnishes.

(b) As used in this section, the word “crash” only refers to incidents and events in which the motor vehicle involved comes into physical contact with an individual or object, including another motor vehicle. It shall not include such contact where a vehicle involved is being used by a law enforcement officer as a barrier to prevent passage of a vehicle being operated by a suspected violator of the law. In such cases, the law enforcement officer shall not be required to make a personal written report of the incident.

(c) The owner and the operator of a motor vehicle covered by one or more policies of liability insurance shall notify any individual injured by the motor vehicle, or the owner of any property damaged by the motor vehicle, of the name and address of all liability insurance companies that may cover the incident and the numbers of the policies. The notification shall be made to the injured individual or owner of the damaged property, or both, within five days after the injury or damage. The information shall be given to the injured individual and owner of the damaged property at the last known address of each.
23 V.S.A. § 1433 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1433
§ 1433. Reasonable access
Status: in_force

Reasonable access, within the meaning of 19 V.S.A. § 1111, shall be permitted to those vehicles operating pursuant to the provisions of subsections 1302(c) and 1432(e) of this title between the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and any other qualifying Federal-aid Primary System highways, as designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Vermont Secretary of Transportation, and terminals; facilities for food, fuel, repairs, and rest; and points of loading and unloading for household goods carriers. The Vermont Secretary of Transportation shall by rule pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 either designate those portions of the public highways over which such reasonable access shall be permitted or provide for the issuance of permits to allow reasonable access. However, permits shall not be required for tractor-semi-trailer combinations designed for the transportation of automobiles and having provision for transporting motor vehicles on part of the power unit provided the combinations comply with the provisions of subsection 1432(a) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 115b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 115b
§ 115b. Early renewal
Status: in_force

(a) The holder of a nondriver identification card issued under the provisions of section 115 of this chapter may renew the nondriver identification card at any time prior to the expiration of the nondriver identification card. If one or more years remain before the expiration of the nondriver identification card, the Commissioner shall reduce the cost of the renewed nondriver identification card by an amount that is proportionate to the number of years rounded down to the next whole year remaining before the expiration of the nondriver identification card.

(b) All application and documentation requirements for the renewal of a nondriver identification card pursuant to section 115 of this chapter shall apply to the early renewal of a nondriver identification card.
23 V.S.A. § 921 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 921
§ 921. Liability insurance
Status: in_force

A motor vehicle owned or hired by a board of school directors shall not be operated in the transportation of schoolchildren at any time when the owner and operator thereof is not insured under a liability policy issued by an insurance company authorized to transact business in this State to indemnify against liability for damages for personal injuries or damages to property. The amount of insurance shall be a minimum of $100,000.00 for injury to or death of any one person in any crash, subject to a minimum limit per crash of $300,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity of nine passengers or less. If the vehicle has a seating capacity in excess of nine passengers, the amount of insurance shall be a minimum of $300,000.00 for injury to or death of any one person in any crash and subject to a minimum limit per crash of $500,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash. In addition, a minimum limit of $50,000.00 per occurrence for property damage shall be required. It shall be the duty of the school directors to require the filing, by or with them, of proof that the insurance is in force prior to the opening of each school year and that it is kept in force so long as schoolchildren are being transported. A person who violates a provision of this section shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. This section shall not apply to any person who transports only his or her own children, whether with or without compensation.
23 V.S.A. § 104 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 104
§ 104. Public records
Status: in_force

(a) Any information contained in Department records is subject to and shall be released pursuant to the Driver's Privacy Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. chapter 123 as amended.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, except for requests from government agencies or persons acting on behalf of government agencies, the Commissioner shall not furnish to any person copies of photographs or imaged likenesses of persons to whom licenses, permits, or nondriver identification cards have been issued without the written consent of the person depicted in the photograph or imaged likeness.

(c) If there is a request by any governmental agency for the entire database or the substantial database of any class of documents containing a photograph or imaged likeness of a person or any class of documents containing any other personal information, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall notify the Speaker of the House, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the Attorney General.

(d) Any photographs or imaged likenesses furnished to an authorized recipient shall not be made available or redisclosed to any succeeding person or entity, except for use by a law enforcement agency, a court or tribunal, a State's Attorney, the Office of the Attorney General, or the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Vermont in carrying out its official business or in response to any court order. The Commissioner shall so condition any release of the information and require that the recipient subject itself to the jurisdiction of the Washington Superior Court in the event that the condition is violated.

(e) A person who violates subsection (b), (c), or (d) of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of up to $10,000.00 per occurrence. A civil action to assess a civil penalty may, in the discretion of the Attorney General, be commenced by the Attorney General in Washington Superior Court.
23 V.S.A. § 1744 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1744
§ 1744. Clerk
Status: in_force

The judge of the court shall act as the clerk thereof, and keep its files and records, or shall appoint his or her deputy or assistant to so act.