23 V.S.A. § 750 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 10 / Section 750
§ 750. Definitions; insurance requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions. As used in this chapter:

(1) “Digital network” or “network” means any online-enabled application, software, website, or system offered or used by a transportation network company that enables the prearrangement of rides with transportation network company drivers.

(2) “Personal vehicle” means a vehicle that is:

(A) used by a driver to provide a prearranged ride;

(B) owned, leased, or otherwise authorized for use by the driver; and

(C) not a taxicab, limousine, or other for-hire vehicle.

(3) “Prearranged ride” or “ride” means the transportation provided by a driver to a transportation network company rider, beginning when a driver accepts the rider's request for a ride through a digital network controlled by a company, continuing while the driver transports the rider, and ending when the last rider departs from the vehicle. The term does not include:

(A) shared-expense carpool or vanpool arrangements;

(B) use of a taxicab, limousine, or other for-hire vehicle;

(C) use of a public or private regional transportation company that operates along a fixed route; or

(D) a ride furnished through a broker using a publicly funded network to connect riders to drivers through the Elders and Persons with Disabilities Program, Medicaid Non-Emergency Medical Transportation Program, or other similar governmental transportation program.

(4) “Transportation network company” or “company” means a person that uses a digital network to connect riders to drivers who provide prearranged rides.

(5) “Transportation network company driver” or “driver” means an individual who:

(A) receives connections to potential riders and related services from a transportation network company in exchange for payment of a fee to the company; and

(B) uses a personal vehicle to offer or provide a prearranged ride to riders upon connection through a digital network controlled by a transportation network company in exchange for compensation or payment of a fee.

(6) “Transportation network company rider” or “rider” means an individual who uses a company's digital network to connect with a driver who provides rides in his or her personal vehicle between points chosen by the rider.

(b) Company's financial responsibility.

(1) Beginning on July 1, 2018, a driver, or a company on the driver's behalf, shall maintain primary automobile insurance that recognizes that the driver is a company driver or otherwise uses a vehicle to transport passengers for compensation and covers the driver while the driver is logged on to the company's digital network or while the driver is engaged in a prearranged ride.

(2)(A) The following automobile insurance requirements shall apply while a participating driver is logged on to the transportation network company's digital network and is available to receive transportation requests but is not engaged in a prearranged ride:

(i) primary automobile liability insurance in the amount of at least $50,000.00 for death and bodily injury per person, $100,000.00 for death and bodily injury per incident, and $25,000.00 for property damage; and

(ii) any other State-mandated coverage under section 941 of this title.

(B) The coverage requirements of this subdivision (2) may be satisfied by any of the following:

(i) automobile insurance maintained by the driver;

(ii) automobile insurance maintained by the company; or

(iii) any combination of subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this subdivision (2)(B).

(3)(A) The following automobile insurance requirements shall apply while a driver is engaged in a prearranged ride:

(i) primary automobile liability insurance that provides at least $1,000,000.00 for death, bodily injury, and property damage;

(ii) uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage that provides at least $1,000,000.00 for death, bodily injury, and property damage; and

(iii) $5,000.00 in medical payments coverage (Med Pay).

(B) The coverage requirements of this subdivision (3) may be satisfied by any of the following:

(i) automobile insurance maintained by the driver;

(ii) automobile insurance maintained by the company; or

(iii) any combination of subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this subdivision (3)(B).

(4) If insurance maintained by a driver under subdivision (2) or (3) of this subsection has lapsed or does not provide the required coverage, insurance maintained by the company shall provide such coverage beginning with the first dollar of a claim and shall have the duty to defend such claim.

(5) Coverage under an automobile insurance policy maintained by the company shall not be dependent on a personal automobile insurer's first denying a claim nor shall a personal automobile insurance policy be required to first deny a claim.

(6) Insurance required by this subsection may be placed with an insurer licensed under 8 V.S.A. chapter 101 (insurance companies generally) or 138 (surplus lines insurance).

(7) Insurance satisfying the requirements of this subsection shall be deemed to satisfy the financial responsibility requirement for a motor vehicle under section 800 of this title.

(8) A driver shall carry proof of coverage satisfying this section at all times during use of a vehicle in connection with a company's digital network. In the event of a crash or a traffic violation, a driver shall provide this insurance coverage information to the directly interested parties, automobile insurers, and law enforcement, upon request. Upon such request, a driver shall also disclose whether he or she was logged on to the network or was on a prearranged ride at the time of a crash or traffic violation.

(9) A person who fails to maintain primary automobile insurance as required in subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection (b) shall be assessed a civil penalty consistent with subsection 800(b) of this title, and such violation shall be a traffic violation within the meaning of chapter 24 of this title. A person who fails to carry proof of insurance as required under subdivision (8) of this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty consistent with subsection 800(d) of this title. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a person who operates a vehicle without financial responsibility as required by this subsection is subject to administrative action as set forth in chapter 11 of this title.

(c) Disclosures. A transportation network company shall disclose in writing to its drivers the following before they are allowed to accept a request for a prearranged ride on the company's digital network:

(1) the insurance coverage, including the types of coverage and the limits for each coverage, that the company provides while the driver uses a personal vehicle in connection with the company's network; and

(2) that the driver's own automobile insurance policy, depending on its terms, might not provide any coverage while the driver is logged on to the company's network and available to receive transportation requests or engaged in a prearranged ride.

(d) Automobile insurers.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, insurers that write automobile insurance in Vermont may exclude any and all coverage afforded under a policy issued to an owner or operator of a personal vehicle for any loss or injury that occurs while a driver is logged on to a transportation network company's digital network or while a driver provides a prearranged ride. This right to exclude all coverage may apply to any coverage in an automobile insurance policy, including:

(A) liability coverage for bodily injury and property damage;

(B) personal injury protection coverage;

(C) uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage;

(D) medical payments coverage;

(E) comprehensive physical damage coverage; and

(F) collision physical damage coverage.

(2) Nothing in this subsection implies or requires that a personal automobile insurance policy provide coverage while the driver is logged on to a company's digital network, while the driver is engaged in a prearranged ride, or while the driver otherwise uses a vehicle to transport passengers for compensation.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require an insurer to use any particular policy language or reference to this section in order to exclude any and all coverage for any loss or injury that occurs while a driver is logged on to a company's digital network or while a driver provides a prearranged ride.

(4) Nothing in this subsection is deemed to preclude an insurer from providing primary or excess coverage for the driver's vehicle, if it chooses to do so by contract or endorsement.

(5) Insurers that exclude the coverage described under subsection (b) of this section shall have no duty to defend or indemnify any claim expressly excluded.

(6) Nothing in this section is deemed to invalidate or limit an exclusion contained in a policy, including any policy in use or approved for use in Vermont prior to the enactment of this section, that excludes coverage for vehicles used to carry persons or property for a charge or available for hire by the public.

(7) An insurer that defends or indemnifies a claim against a driver that is excluded under the terms of its policy shall have a right of contribution against other insurers that provide automobile insurance to the same driver in satisfaction of the coverage requirements of subsection (b) of this section at the time of loss.

(8) In a claims coverage investigation, transportation network companies shall immediately provide, upon request by directly involved parties or any insurer of the transportation network company driver, if applicable, the precise times that a transportation network company driver logged on and off the transportation network company's digital network in the 12-hour period immediately preceding and in the 12-hour period immediately following the crash. Insurers providing coverage under subsection (b) of this section shall disclose, upon request by any other insurer involved in the particular claim, the applicable charges, exclusions, and limits provided under any automobile insurance maintained in order to satisfy the requirements of subsection (b) of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1603 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1603
§ 1603. Investigation of crashes
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Public Safety shall immediately after receiving notice of a crash where a personal injury occurs, and, in case of notice of a crash where an injury occurs to property, may cause such crash to be investigated by an enforcement officer, and where such investigation reveals facts tending to show culpability on the part of any motor vehicle owner or operator, he or she shall cause such facts to be reported to the State's Attorney of the county where the crash occurred. The State's Attorney shall further investigate the crash and may hold an inquest as provided by 13 V.S.A. §§ 5131-5137. After such investigation or inquest, he or she shall immediately report to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles the result thereof together with his or her recommendation as to the suspension of the license of the operator of any motor vehicle involved in the crash.
23 V.S.A. § 1201 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1201
§ 1201. Operating vehicle under the influence of alcohol or other substance; criminal refusal; enhanced penalty for BAC of 0.16 or more
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway:

(1) when the person's alcohol concentration is:

(A) 0.08 or more; or

(B) 0.02 or more if the person is operating a school bus as defined in subdivision 4(34) of this title; or

(C) 0.04 or more if the person is operating a commercial vehicle as defined in subdivision 4103(4) of this title; or

(2) when the person is under the influence of alcohol; or

(3) when the person is under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug.

(b) A person who has previously been convicted of a violation of this section shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway and refuse a law enforcement officer's reasonable request under the circumstances for an evidentiary test where the officer had reasonable grounds to believe the person was in violation of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway and be involved in a crash or collision resulting in serious bodily injury or death to another and refuse a law enforcement officer's reasonable request under the circumstances for an evidentiary test where the officer has reasonable grounds to believe the person has any amount of alcohol or drugs in the person's system.

(d)(1) A person who is convicted of a second or subsequent violation of subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section when the person's alcohol concentration is proven to be 0.16 or more shall not, for three years from the date of the conviction for which the person's alcohol concentration is 0.16 or more, operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.02 or more. The prohibition imposed by this subsection shall be in addition to any other penalties imposed by law.

(2) A person shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle on a highway when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.02 or more if the person has previously been convicted of a second or subsequent violation of subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section within the preceding three years and the person's alcohol concentration for the second or subsequent violation was proven to be 0.16 or greater. A violation of this subsection shall be considered a third or subsequent violation of this section and shall be subject to the penalties of subsection 1210(d) of this title.

(e) The fact that a person charged with a violation of this section is or has been entitled to use a drug under the laws of this State shall not constitute a defense against any charge of violating this section.

(f) A person may not be convicted of more than one violation of subsection (a) or (j) of this section arising out of the same incident.

(g) For purposes of this section and section 1205 of this title, the defendant may assert as an affirmative defense that the person was not operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of the vehicle because the person:

(1) had no intention of placing the vehicle in motion; and

(2) had not placed the vehicle in motion while under the influence.

(h) As used in subdivision (a)(3) of this section, “under the influence of a drug” means that a person's ability to operate a motor vehicle safely is diminished or impaired in the slightest degree. This subsection shall not be construed to affect the meaning of the term “under the influence of alcohol.”

(i) Evidence of the results of a standardized field sobriety test conducted by a law enforcement officer trained in Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement or a certified Drug Recognition Expert's systematic evaluation of observable signs and symptoms of a person charged with a violation of this section shall be presumptively admissible at trial to demonstrate whether or not the person was operating under the influence in violation of this section.

(j) A person suspected of violating this section shall submit to the collection of an evidentiary blood sample when a warrant for that person's blood is issued pursuant to subdivision 1202(f)(1) of this title. This subsection shall not be construed as impairing a person's right to challenge the validity of a search warrant in any subsequent legal proceedings.
23 V.S.A. § 3105 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3105
§ 3105. Records of sales and importations
Status: in_force

(a)(1) A distributor shall keep a record of all sales of motor fuel that shall include the number of gallons sold, the date of sale, and also the number of gallons used by the distributor. With every consignment of motor fuel to a purchaser within the State, each distributor shall also deliver a written statement containing the date and the number of gallons delivered and the names of the purchaser and the seller. The distributor shall also keep a record of all importations of motor fuel that shall include the number of gallons imported and the date of importation.

(2) With respect to any sale, use, consignment, or importation of aviation gasoline, a distributor shall separately record the same information required under subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(3) The records and statements shall be preserved by distributors and purchasers, respectively, for a period of three years and shall be offered for inspection upon verbal or written demand of the Commissioner or his or her agent.

(b) The Commissioner or the Commissioner's agents may examine the books and records of any distributor or dealer during the usual business hours of the day to verify the truth and accuracy of any statement, record, report, or return or to determine if the tax imposed by this chapter has been paid. If the books and records of a nonresident licensee are not available for examination in this State, the Commissioner may request that the nonresident licensee furnish at the Commissioner's office in Montpelier the books and records the Commissioner reasonably requires. If the licensee is unable or unwilling to comply with the request, the Commissioner is authorized to charge the licensee a reasonable per diem fee and expenses for the auditor making the examination out of state, which shall be payable within 30 days after the mailing of a bill by the Commissioner.

(c) The Commissioner may enter into agreements with officials of other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces for the cooperative examination of licensee reports, returns, books, and records, and for the collection of fees and penalties. In performing these duties, officials of other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces shall be deemed authorized agents of the Commissioner for these purposes. The Commissioner may provide information about the receipt, storage, delivery, sale, use, or other disposition of fuel by any licensee to officials in other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces who administer fuel tax laws, provided these officials may furnish similar information to the Commissioner.

(d) A dealer shall keep a record of all purchases of motor fuel that shall include the date of purchase, number of gallons, the identity of the seller, and, if applicable, shall separately record this information with respect to the purchase of aviation gasoline. The records and statements shall be preserved for a period of three years. Except for purchases of aviation gasoline, the record shall include daily motor fuel meter readings.
23 V.S.A. § 208 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 208
§ 208. Reciprocal recognition of nonresident registrations, licenses, and permits; foreign visitors
Status: in_force

As determined by the Commissioner, and consistent with section 601 of this title, a motor vehicle owned by a nonresident shall be considered as registered and a nonresident operator shall be considered as licensed or permitted in this State if the nonresident owner or operator has complied with the laws of the foreign country or state of his or her residence relative to the registration of motor vehicles and the granting of operator's licenses or learner's permits. However, these exemptions shall be operative only to the extent that under the laws of the foreign country or state of the owner's or operator's residence like exemptions and privileges are granted to owners of motor vehicles duly registered and to operators duly licensed or permitted under the laws of this State, except that if the owner or operator is a resident of a country not adjoining the United States, the exemptions shall be operative for a period of not more than one year even if the country does not grant like privileges to residents of this State.
23 V.S.A. § 1362 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1362
§ 1362. Night operation
Status: in_force

Farm tractors, motorized highway building equipment, and road-making appliances when operated upon a public highway during the period from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise shall comply with the requirements of this title relating to head lamp and taillight requirements.
23 V.S.A. § 116 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 116
§ 116. Issuance of mobile identification
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions. As used in this section:

(1) “Data field” means a discrete piece of information that appears on a mobile identification.

(2) “Full profile” means all the information provided on a mobile identification.

(3) “Limited profile” means a portion of the information provided on a mobile identification.

(4) “Mobile identification” means an electronic representation of the information contained on a nonmobile credential.

(5) “Mobile identification holder” means an individual to whom a mobile identification has been issued.

(6) “Nonmobile credential” means a nondriver identification card issued under section 115 of this title, a driver's license issued under section 603 of this title, a junior operator's license issued under section 602 of this title, a learner's permit issued under section 617 of this title, a commercial driver's license issued under section 4111 of this title, or a commercial learner's permit issued under section 4112 of this title.

(b) Issuance. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may issue a mobile identification to an individual in addition to, and not instead of, a nonmobile credential. If issued, the mobile identification shall:

(1) be capable of producing both a full profile and a limited profile;

(2) satisfy the purpose for which the profile is presented;

(3) allow the mobile identification holder to maintain physical possession of the device on which the mobile identification is accessed during verification; and

(4) not be a substitute for an individual producing a nonmobile credential upon request.

(c) Agreements with other entities. The Commissioner may enter into agreements to facilitate the issuance, use, and verification of a mobile identification or other electronic credentials issued by the Commissioner or another state.

(d) Administration.

(1) The Commissioner may operate, or may operate through a third- party administrator, a verification system for mobile identifications.

(2) Access to the verification system and any data field by a person presented with a mobile identification requires the credential holder's consent, and, if consent is granted, the Commissioner may release the following through the verification system:

(A) for a full profile, all data fields that appear on the mobile identification; and

(B) for a limited profile, only the data fields represented in the limited profile for the mobile identification.
23 V.S.A. § 1048 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1048
§ 1048. Stop or yield intersections
Status: in_force

(a) Preferential right of way at an intersection may be indicated by “stop” signs or “yield” signs.

(b) Except when directed to proceed by an enforcement officer or traffic-control signal, every driver of a vehicle approaching a stop intersection indicated by a stop sign shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection. After having stopped, the driver shall yield the right of way to any vehicle that has entered the intersection from another highway or that is approaching so closely on said highway as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time when such driver is moving across or within the intersection.

(c) The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall in obedience to the yield sign slow down to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and, if required for safety to stop, shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right of way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another highway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection. However, if the driver is involved in a collision with a vehicle in the intersection, after driving past a yield sign without stopping, the collision shall be deemed prima facie evidence of the driver's failure to yield right of way.
23 V.S.A. § 324 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 324
§ 324. Use of old number plates
Status: in_force

When ownership of a motor vehicle is transferred, the transferer may attach the registration number plates to another motor vehicle owned by him or her and register the same in accordance with the provisions of sections 321, 323, and 325 of this title only if such transferred vehicle and such other vehicle are both of the pleasure car type, both motor trucks or tractors, both motor buses, or both motorcycles, except that a pleasure car registration and a truck registration shall be mutually transferable on payment of the difference in registration fees.
23 V.S.A. § 1242 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1242
§ 1242. Safety glass
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not operate on a highway in this State a motor vehicle registered in Vermont, manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1936, unless such vehicle is equipped with safety glass, wherever glass is used in doors, windows, and windshields. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall suspend the registration of any motor vehicle found to be operating in violation of this section until the provisions hereof are satisfactorily complied with.

(b) This section does not apply to trailer coaches.
23 V.S.A. § 1212 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1212
§ 1212. Conditions of release and parole; arrest upon violation
Status: in_force

(a) At the first appearance before a judicial officer of a person charged with violation of section 1201 of this title, the court, upon a plea of not guilty, shall consider whether to establish conditions of release. Those conditions may include a requirement that the defendant not operate a motor vehicle if there is a likelihood that the defendant will operate a motor vehicle in violation of section 1201 or 1213 of this title. The court may consider all relevant evidence, including whether the defendant has a motor vehicle or criminal record indicating prior convictions for one or more alcohol-related offenses. Prior convictions may be established for this purpose by a noncertified photocopy of a motor vehicle record, a computer printout, or an affidavit. Nothing in this section limits the authority of a judicial officer to impose other conditions of release, nor does it limit or modify other statutory provisions concerning license suspension or revocation or the right of a person to operate a motor vehicle.

(b) A court that requires as a condition of release that a defendant not operate a motor vehicle shall so notify the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The Commissioner shall take suitable steps to ensure that this information is available to law enforcement officers. The court shall promptly advise the Commissioner of any modification of this condition of release and of the termination of proceedings.

(c) A law enforcement officer who observes a person violating a condition of release requiring that he or she not operate a motor vehicle may promptly arrest the person for violating a condition of bail and shall bring the person before the nearest available judicial officer without unnecessary delay. A law enforcement officer who otherwise has probable cause to believe that a person has violated a condition of release requiring that he or she not operate a motor vehicle shall promptly notify a prosecuting officer.

(d) A law enforcement officer who observes a person violating a condition of parole requiring that the person not operate a motor vehicle may promptly arrest the person for violating the condition and may detain the person pursuant to 28 V.S.A. § 551. The officer may immobilize the vehicle and shall immediately notify the Parole Board of the suspected violation. If the Parole Board determines pursuant to 28 V.S.A. § 552 that a parole violation has occurred, the Board shall notify the State's Attorney in the county where the violation occurred, who may institute forfeiture proceedings against the vehicle under section 1213c of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3501 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3501
§ 3501. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “All-terrain vehicle” or “ATV” means any nonhighway recreational vehicle, except snowmobiles, having not less than two low pressure tires (10 pounds per square inch, or less); not wider than 72 inches, with two-wheel ATVs having permanent, full-time power to both wheels; and having a dry weight of less than 2,500 pounds, when used for cross-country travel on trails or on any one of the following or a combination thereof: land, water, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, and natural terrain. An ATV on a public highway shall be considered a motor vehicle, as defined in section 4 of this title, only for the purposes of those offenses listed in subdivisions 2502(a)(1)(H), (N), (R), (U), (Y), (FF), (GG), (II), and (AAA); (2)(A) and (B); (3)(A), (B), (C), and (D); (4)(A) and (B); and (5) of this title and as provided in section 1201 of this title. An ATV does not include an electric personal assistive mobility device, a motor-assisted bicycle, or an electric bicycle.

(2) “Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles unless otherwise stated.

(3) “Direct supervision” means that the supervisor shall be sufficiently close and able to control, by communicating visually or orally, the operation of an ATV by an operator under 16 years of age, taking into account the noise created by an ATV and protective headgear worn by the operator.

(4) “Farm” means a parcel or parcels of land owned, leased, or managed by a person and devoted primarily to farming.

(5) “Forestry operation” has the same meaning as in 10 V.S.A. § 2602.

(6) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Natural Resources.

(7) “State lands” means land owned, leased, or otherwise controlled by the State.

(8) “VASA” means the Vermont ATV Sportsman's Association, a statewide association of ATV clubs.
23 V.S.A. § 3008 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3008
§ 3008. Refusal to issue license
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may refuse to issue a license after a finding that the application:

(1) is filed by a person whose license has been revoked previously by the Commissioner;

(2) contains any misrepresentation, misstatement, or omission of material information required by the application;

(3) is filed by a person as a subterfuge for the real person in interest whose license has been revoked by the Commissioner; or

(4) is filed by a person who is delinquent in the payment of any tax, interest, penalty, or other expense due the Commissioner by him or her.

(b) Such findings may be made by the Commissioner after a hearing held not less than 15 days after mailing notice thereof to the applicant, at which the applicant shall have the right to appear in person or by counsel and to present evidence.
23 V.S.A. § 4103 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4103
§ 4103. Definitions
Status: repealed

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Commercial driver's license” means a license issued in accordance with the requirements of this chapter to an individual that authorizes the individual to drive a class of commercial motor vehicle.

(2) “Commercial Driver's License Information System” means the information system established pursuant to federal law to serve as a clearinghouse for locating information related to the licensing and identification of commercial motor vehicle drivers.

(3) “Commercial learner's permit” means a permit issued pursuant to sections 4108 and 4110 of this title.

(4)(A) “Commercial motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle designed or used to transport passengers or property that:

(i) has either a gross vehicle weight rating or gross vehicle weight of at least 26,001 or more pounds or such lesser rating as determined by federal regulation;

(ii) is designed to transport more than 15 passengers, including the driver; or

(iii) is transporting hazardous materials and is required to be placarded in accordance with 49 C.F.R. Part 172, subpart F.

(B) “Commercial motor vehicle” shall not include:

(i) authorized emergency vehicles as defined in section 4 of this title;

(ii) motor homes as defined in 32 V.S.A. § 8902(11) and trailer coaches as defined in subdivision 4(41) of this title; however, this exemption shall only apply to vehicles used strictly for recreational, noncommercial purposes;

(iii) equipment owned or operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, including the National Guard, and operated by non-civilian personnel or by National Guard military technicians (civilians who are required to wear military uniforms) and active-duty U.S. Coast Guard personnel; and

(iv) farm vehicles, which are vehicles:

(I) controlled and operated by a farmer;

(II) used to transport either agricultural products, farm machinery, farm supplies or both to or from a farm;

(III) not used in the operations of a common or contract motor carrier; and

(IV) used within 150 miles of the farm.

(v) [Repealed.]

(5) “Disqualification” means:

(A) the suspension, revocation, cancellation, or withdrawal by a state of an individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle;

(B) a determination by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, under the rules of practice for motor carrier safety contained in 49 C.F.R. Part 386, that an individual is no longer qualified to operate commercial motor vehicles under 49 C.F.R. Part 391; or

(C) the loss of qualification that automatically follows a testing refusal or conviction of an offense listed in 49 C.F.R. § 383.51.

(6) “Driver” means any individual who drives, operates, or is in physical control of a commercial motor vehicle on a public highway or who is required to hold a commercial driver's license.

(7) “Employer” means any person, including the United States, a state, or a political subdivision of a state, who owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle or assigns an individual to drive a commercial motor vehicle.

(8) “Foreign jurisdiction” means any jurisdiction other than a state of the United States.

(9) “Gross vehicle weight rating” means the value specified by the manufacturer or manufacturers as the maximum loaded weight of a single or a combination vehicle. The gross vehicle weight rating of a combination vehicle is the gross vehicle weight rating of the power unit plus the gross vehicle weight rating of the towed unit or units.

(10) “Hazardous materials” means any material that has been designated as hazardous under 49 U.S.C. § 5103 and is required to be placarded under subpart F of 49 C.F.R. Part 172 or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 C.F.R. Part 73.

(11) “Nonresident CDL” means a commercial driver's license issued by a state to an individual who resides in a foreign jurisdiction.

(12) [Repealed.]

(13) “State” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Republic of Mexico, and any Canadian province.

(14) “United States” means the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

(15) “Conviction” means an unvacated adjudication of guilt, or a determination by a judge or hearing officer that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's appearance in court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended, or probated. Conviction shall also mean a plea of guilty or nolo contendere that has been accepted by the court.

(16) “Serious traffic violation” means a conviction when operating a commercial motor vehicle or, if applicable, when operating a noncommercial motor vehicle when the conviction results in the revocation, cancellation, or suspension of the operator's license or operating privilege, of:

(A) Excessive speeding, involving a single charge of any speed 15 miles per hour or more, above the posted speed limit.

(B) Negligent or reckless driving, as defined in section 1091 of this title.

(C) Improper traffic lane changes, as defined in section 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, or 1038 of this title.

(D) Following the vehicle ahead too closely, as defined in section 1039 of this title.

(E) A violation of any state law or local ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic control, other than a parking violation, arising in connection with a crash or collision resulting in death to any individual.

(F) Operating a commercial motor vehicle without obtaining a commercial driver's license.

(G) Operating a commercial motor vehicle without a commercial driver's license in the driver's possession. However, no person may be found to have committed this violation if he or she provides proof to the enforcement officer who issued the traffic complaint that the individual held a commercial driver's license valid on the date the complaint was issued.

(H) Operating a commercial motor vehicle without the proper class of commercial driver's license or endorsements, or both.

(I) Texting while driving a commercial motor vehicle in violation of section 4125 of this chapter or section 1099 of this title.

(J) Using a handheld mobile telephone while driving a commercial motor vehicle in violation of section 4125 of this chapter.

(17) “Tank vehicle” means any commercial motor vehicle that is designed to transport any liquid or gaseous materials within a tank or tanks having an individual rated capacity of more than 119 gallons and an aggregate rated capacity of 1,000 gallons or more that is either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or the chassis. A commercial motor vehicle transporting an empty storage container tank, not designed for transportation, with a rated capacity of 1,000 gallons or more that is temporarily attached to a flatbed trailer is not a tank vehicle.

(18) “Out-of-service order” means a declaration by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration or an authorized enforcement officer of a federal, state, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Canadian, Mexican, or local jurisdiction, that a driver, or a commercial motor vehicle, or a school bus, or a motor carrier operation, is out of service.

(19) “Imminent hazard” means the existence of a condition that presents a substantial likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal proceeding begun to lessen the risk of that death, illness, injury, or endangerment.

(20) “Medical examiner” means:

(A) For medical examinations conducted before May 21, 2014, or before such later date as the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) may prescribe, a person who is licensed, certified, or registered in accordance with applicable state laws and rules to perform physical examinations. A “medical examiner” may include a doctor of medicine, osteopathic physician, physician assistant, advanced practice registered nurse, or chiropractic physician.

(B) For medical examinations conducted on and after May 21, 2014, or on or after such later date as the FMCSA may prescribe, an individual certified by the FMCSA and listed on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners.

(21) A person's state of domicile is that state where a person has his or her true, fixed, and permanent home and physical residence and to which he or she has the intention of returning whenever he or she is absent.

(22) “Mobile telephone” means a mobile communication device that falls under or uses any commercial mobile radio service, as defined under 47 C.F.R. § 20.3. “Mobile telephone” does not include two-way or Citizens Band Radio services.

(23) “Texting” means manually entering alphanumeric text into, or reading text from, an electronic device. “Texting” includes short message service, e-mailing, instant messaging, a command or request to access a World Wide Web page, pressing more than a single button to initiate or terminate a voice communication using a mobile telephone, or engaging in any other form of electronic text retrieval or entry, for present or future communication. “Texting” does not include:

(A) inputting, selecting, or reading information on a global positioning system or navigation system;

(B) pressing a single button to initiate or terminate a voice communication using a mobile telephone; or

(C) using a device capable of performing multiple functions, including fleet management systems, dispatching devices, smart phones, citizens band radios, and music players for a purpose that is not otherwise prohibited in this chapter.

(24) “Use a hand-held mobile telephone” means:

(A) using at least one hand to hold a mobile telephone to conduct a voice communication;

(B) dialing or answering a mobile telephone by pressing more than a single button; or

(C) reaching for a mobile telephone in a manner that requires a driver to maneuver so that he or she is no longer in a seated driving position and restrained by a seat belt that is installed in accordance with 49 C.F.R. § 393.93 and adjusted in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's instructions.
23 V.S.A. § 3119 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3119
§ 3119. Personal liability
Status: in_force

Any licensee who fails to collect the tax required by this subchapter or to pay it to the Commissioner in the manner required by this subchapter shall be personally and individually liable for the amount of such tax and any interest and penalty assessed thereon pursuant to sections 3110 and 3111 of this title; and if the licensee is a corporation or other entity, the personal liability shall extend and be applicable to any officer or agent of the corporation or entity who as an officer or agent of the same is under a duty to collect the tax and pay it to the Commissioner as required in this subchapter.
23 V.S.A. § 1123 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1123
§ 1123. Driving over fire hose prohibited
Status: in_force

No person shall operate a motor vehicle over any unprotected hose of a fire fighting unit laid down on any highway, alley, private road, or driveway, to be used at any fire or alarm of fire, without the consent of the fire department official in command.
23 V.S.A. § 1455 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1455
§ 1455. Carrying of permits in the permitted motor vehicle
Status: in_force

All permits issued pursuant to this subchapter shall be carried in the motor vehicle in either paper or electronic form. Use of a portable electronic device to display an electronic permit does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device. The civil penalty for violation of this section shall be $150.00. A violation of this section shall be considered an offense separate from any other related violations.
23 V.S.A. § 3306 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3306
§ 3306. Lights and equipment
Status: in_force

(a) Every vessel shall carry and show the following lights, in the intensity prescribed under 33 C.F.R. § 83.22, as amended, when underway between sunset and sunrise and during other periods of restricted visibility:

(1) Unpowered vessels.

(A) A sailing vessel shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights; and

(ii) a sternlight.

(B) A sailing vessel may, in addition to the lights prescribed in subdivision (A) of this subdivision (1), exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower being green.

(C) Notwithstanding subdivision (A) of this subdivision (1), on a sailing vessel of less than 20 meters in length, the lights prescribed in subdivision (A) of this subdivision (1) may be combined in a single light and exhibited at or near the top of the mast, where it can best be seen, but may not also have exhibited two all-round lights in a vertical line, as permitted in subdivision (B) of this subdivision (1).

(D) Notwithstanding subdivision (A) of this subdivision (1), a sailing vessel of less than seven meters in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in subdivision (1) of this subsection (a) but, if not practicable, shall exhibit or have onboard an all-round white light that shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(E) A vessel under oars or one or more paddles may exhibit the lights prescribed in subdivision (1) of this subsection (a), but, if such lights are not exhibited, the vessel shall exhibit or have onboard an all-round white light that shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(2) Motorboats.

(A) A motorboat, including one that is also proceeding under sail, shall exhibit:

(i) a masthead light forward;

(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the light required under subdivision (i) of this subdivision (A) if the vessel is 50 meters or more in length;

(iii) sidelights; and

(iv) a sternlight.

(B) A motorboat that is also proceeding under sail shall exhibit forward, where it can best be seen, a conical shape, apex downward.

(3) Lights approved by the U.S. Coast Guard. Any light or combination of lights approved by the U.S. Coast Guard for inland waters shall be considered legal for Vermont waters.

(b)(1) Personal flotation devices. Each vessel, except sailboards, shall, consistent with federal regulations, carry for each individual aboard at least one wearable U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device that is in good and serviceable condition and capable of being used in accordance with the U.S. Coast Guard approval label.

(2) Vessels; individuals less than 12 years of age. In addition to the provisions of this subsection, an individual under 12 years of age aboard a vessel, while under way and the individual is on an open deck, shall wear a properly secured wearable U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device as intended by the manufacturer.

(3) Sailboards; individuals less than 16 years of age. An individual under 16 years of age aboard a sailboard shall wear a properly secured wearable U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device as intended by the manufacturer.

(4) Inspected commercial vessels. U.S. Coast Guard-inspected commercial vessels shall be exempt from the provisions of this subsection.

(c) U.S. Coast Guard-approved hand portable fire extinguishers that are unexpired, fully charged, and in both good and serviceable condition shall be carried on board every motorboat as follows:

(1) motorboats with no fixed fire extinguisher system in the machinery space and that are:

(A) less than 26 feet in length, not fewer than one extinguisher;

(B) 26 feet or longer, but less than 40 feet, not fewer than two extinguishers; and

(C) 40 feet or longer, not fewer than three extinguishers; and

(2) motorboats with a fixed fire extinguisher system in the machinery space and that are:

(A) less than 26 feet in length, no extinguishers required;

(B) 26 feet or longer but less than 40 feet, not fewer than one extinguisher; and

(C) 40 feet or longer, not fewer than two extinguishers.

(d) Notwithstanding subsection (c) of this section, motorboats less than 26 feet in length, propelled by outboard motors, and not carrying passengers for hire need not carry portable fire extinguishers if the construction of the boats will not permit the entrapment of explosive or flammable gases or vapors.

(e)(1) The extinguishers referred to by this section are class B-I or 5-B extinguishers, but one class B-II or 20-B extinguisher may be substituted for two class B-I or 5-B extinguishers, in compliance with 46 C.F.R. Subpart 25.30, as amended.

(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, motorboats with a model year between 1953 and 2017 with previously approved fire extinguishers that are not in compliance with the types identified in subdivision (1) of this subsection need not be replaced until such time as they are no longer in good and serviceable condition.

(f) Every marine toilet on board any vessel operated on the waters of the State shall also incorporate or be equipped with a holding tank. Any holding tank or marine toilet designed so as to provide for an optional means of discharge to the waters on which the vessel is operating shall have the discharge openings sealed shut and any discharge lines, pipes, or hoses shall be disconnected and stored while the vessel is in the waters of this State.

(g) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the discharge of adequately treated wastes from any vessel operating under the provisions of a valid discharge permit issued by the Department of Environmental Conservation.

(h) Motorboats operated on waters that the U.S. Coast Guard has determined to be navigable waters of the United States and therefore subject to the jurisdiction of the United States must have lights and other safety equipment as required by U.S. Coast Guard rules and regulations.
23 V.S.A. § 3823 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3823
§ 3823. Perfecting security interest
Status: in_force

(a) Unless excepted by section 3822 of this title, a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle of a type for which a certificate of title is required is not valid against creditors of the owner or subsequent transferees or lienholders of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle unless perfected as provided in this chapter.

(b) A security interest is perfected by the delivery to the Commissioner of the existing certificate of title, if any, an application for a certificate of title containing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of the lienholder's security agreement, and the required fee. It is perfected as of the time of its creation if delivery is completed within 20 days after the time of its creation, otherwise as of the time of the delivery.

(c) If a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is subject to a security interest when brought into this State, the validity of the security interest is determined by the law of the jurisdiction where the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle was when the security interest attached, subject to the following:

(1) If the parties understood at the time the security interest attached that the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle would be kept in this State and it was brought into this State within 30 days after the time the security interest attached for purposes other than transportation through this State, the validity of the security interest in this State is determined by the law of this State.

(2) If the security interest was perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle was when the security interest attached, the following rules apply:

(A) If the name of the lienholder is shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, his or her security interest continues perfected in this State.

(B) If the name of the lienholder is not shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, the security interest continues perfected in this State for four months after a first certificate of title of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is issued in this State, and also thereafter if, within the four-month period, it is perfected in this State. The security interest may also be perfected in this State after the expiration of the four-month period; in that case perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State.

(3) If the security interest was not perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle was when the security interest attached, it may be perfected in this State; in that case, perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State.

(4) A security interest may be perfected under subdivision (2)(B) or subdivision (3) of this subsection either as provided in subsection (b) of this section or by the lienholder delivering to the Commissioner a notice of security interest in the form the Commissioner prescribes and the required fee.
23 V.S.A. § 2084 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2084
§ 2084. Report of theft, recovery of unclaimed vehicle
Status: in_force

(a) An enforcement officer, sheriff, or constable who learns of the theft of a vehicle not since recovered, or of the recovery of a vehicle whose theft or conversion the enforcement officer, sheriff, or constable knows or has reason to believe has been reported to the Commissioner, shall immediately report the theft or recovery to the Commissioner.

(b) An owner or a lienholder may report the theft of a vehicle, or its conversion if a crime, to the Commissioner, but the Commissioner may disregard the report of a conversion unless a warrant has been issued for the arrest of an individual charged with the conversion. An individual who has so reported the theft or conversion of a vehicle shall, immediately after learning of its recovery, report the recovery to the Commissioner.

(c) An operator of a place of business for garaging, repairing, parking, or storing vehicles for the public, in which a vehicle remains unclaimed for a period of 30 days, shall, within five days after the expiration of that period, report the vehicle as unclaimed to the Commissioner. A vehicle left by its owner whose name and address are known to the operator or his or her employee is not considered unclaimed. A person who fails to report a vehicle as unclaimed in accordance with this subsection forfeits all claims and liens for its garaging, parking, or storing and shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00 for each day his or her failure to report continues.

(d) The Commissioner shall maintain and appropriately index weekly any cumulative public records of stolen, converted, recovered, and unclaimed vehicles reported to him or her pursuant to this section. The Commissioner may make and distribute copies of the weekly records so maintained to enforcement officers upon request without fee and to others for the fee, if any, the Commissioner prescribes.

(e) The Commissioner may suspend the registration of a vehicle whose theft or conversion is reported to him or her pursuant to this section; until the Commissioner learns of its recovery or that the report of its theft or conversion was erroneous, he or she shall not issue a certificate of title for the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3209a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3209a
§ 3209a. Placing and defacing trail signs
Status: in_force

(a) A landowner or VAST may place snowmobile trail signs, markers, or posters on or adjacent to a snowmobile trail maintained by VAST if the landowner has granted permission for use of the land and for placement of the signs, markers, or posters.

(b) A person may not remove, deface, alter, or destroy trail signs, markers, or posters erected pursuant to subsection (a) of this section without the permission of VAST.

(c) The provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall not prevent a landowner from removing signs, markers, or posters that have been erected without permission of the landowner or that remain on the property after permission has been withdrawn.
23 V.S.A. § 3173 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3173
§ 3173. Gasoline or other motor fuel defined
Status: in_force

For the purpose of this subchapter, gasoline or other motor fuel shall be defined to mean any type of fuel, by whatever name it may be called, used in an internal combustion engine to generate power to propel a motor vehicle upon a highway.
23 V.S.A. § 1282 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1282
§ 1282. Operator, equipment, and inspection
Status: in_force

(a) Before an individual may assume the duty of transporting school pupils in either a Type I or Type II school bus, the individual shall as a minimum:

(1) For Type I, have a valid State of Vermont commercial driver's license with a passenger endorsement and a school bus driver's endorsement or, for Type II, have a valid State of Vermont license with a school bus driver's endorsement or have a license from another jurisdiction valid for the class or type of vehicle to be driven.

(2) Furnish the Department of Motor Vehicles or, in the case of an individual licensed in another jurisdiction, furnish his or her employer a certificate signed by a licensed physician, or a certified physician assistant, or a nurse practitioner in accordance with written protocols, that he or she is, as far as can be determined by reasonable inquiry and examination, mentally and physically competent to perform his or her duties. Any newly diagnosed diabetic or established diabetic must be stabilized and must be certified by his or her personal physician that he or she has not had a hypoglycemic reaction (loss of consciousness or near loss of consciousness) for the last two years or since his or her last physical, whichever is longer. Any diabetic must be recertified every six months by his or her personal physician who must state that the patient has not had a hypoglycemic reaction during that time.

(3) Have completed training in school bus operation, including evacuation and emergency procedures, as the Commissioner deems necessary.

(4) Be licensed for Type I or Type II, or both, Type I being an automatic qualification for a Type II operator.

(5) Furnish to his or her employer, prior to the first date of employment as a school bus driver, a copy of his or her three-year operating record.

(b) A school bus shall not be operated in the transportation of children to and from school unless and until it is inspected at an inspection station designated as such by the Department of Motor Vehicles. The inspection shall thoroughly cover mechanical conditions, standard equipment, extra equipment, and safety and comfort conditions all as provided in section 1281 of this title and, if the inspected vehicle meets all of these requirements, the inspection station shall give the owner or operator of the inspected vehicle a signed certificate so stating. This certificate shall be shown as soon as possible by the owner or operator to a school director in the town in which this vehicle is to be operated and shall thereafter be carried in some easily accessible place in the vehicle. Thereafter, so long as this bus remains in this service, it must be reinspected as provided in this section during each of the following periods: January to April, May to August, and September to December. School buses of the pleasure car type, if regularly used in this service, shall display signs required in subdivision 1283(a)(1) of this title when transporting schoolchildren.

(c)(1) A school bus shall not regularly transport more passengers than seating space of 13 inches for each child will permit.

(2) Bus routing and seating plans shall be coordinated so as to eliminate standees when a school bus is in motion, and standees shall be permitted only in emergency situations.

(3) There shall be no auxiliary seating accommodations such as temporary or folding jump seats in school buses.

(d)(1) Not less often than every two years, and before the start of a school year, an individual licensed by the Department of Motor Vehicles to assume the duty of transporting school pupils in either a Type I or Type II school bus shall furnish the employer who employs him or her as a school bus driver the following:

(A) a certificate signed by a licensed physician, a certified physician assistant, or a nurse practitioner in accordance with written protocols, certifying that the licensee is, as far as can be determined by reasonable inquiry and examination, mentally and physically competent to perform his or her duties and that he or she meets or exceeds the minimum hearing standards, based on voice testing, as prescribed by the Commissioner; and

(B) a certificate signed by a properly registered and authorized medical doctor, ophthalmologist, optometrist, or nurse practitioner certifying that he or she meets or exceeds the minimum vision standards as prescribed by the Commissioner.

(2) Upon receipt of a certificate required by this subsection that indicates that the school bus driver is not mentally or physically competent or does not meet the minimum hearing or vision standards, the employer shall immediately notify the Commissioner.

(3) The certificates required under this subsection may be valid for up to two years from the examination.

(e) In the event the school bus driver is subject to 49 C.F.R. Part 391, Subpart E, the provisions of those regulations rather than the standards of this section shall apply.

(f) Subject to State Board of Education rules, which may provide for limited idling, the operator of a school bus shall not idle the engine while waiting for children to board or to exit the vehicle at a school and shall not start the engine until ready to leave the school premises. The Board, in consultation with the Agency of Natural Resources, the Department of Health, and the Department of Motor Vehicles, shall adopt rules to implement this subsection. The rules shall set forth periods or circumstances that reasonably require the idling of the engine, including periods when it is necessary to operate defrosting, heating, or cooling equipment to ensure the health or safety of the driver or passengers or to operate auxiliary equipment; and periods when the engine is undergoing maintenance or inspection.
23 V.S.A. § 709 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 709
§ 709. Suspension and revocation
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may at any time cancel, suspend, revoke, or refuse to renew any driver's training school or instructor's license when the Commissioner is satisfied that:

(1) the licensee fails to meet the applicable requirements for a license under sections 704 and 705 of this title;

(2) under the circumstances the Commissioner would have the right under the provisions of section 708 of this title to refuse to issue a license if the licensee were then making application therefor;

(3) the licensee represents himself or herself as an agent or employee of the Department or uses advertising designed to lead persons, or that would reasonably have the effect of leading persons, to believe that such licensee is an employee or representative of the Department;

(4) the licensee has willfully violated the provisions of section 705 of this title; or

(5) the licensee has failed to comply with the rules of the Commissioner made pursuant to this subchapter.

(b) Notwithstanding the renewal of a license, the Commissioner may revoke or suspend such license for causes prescribed in this section although such causes occurred during license periods prior to the renewal.
23 V.S.A. § 371 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 371
§ 371. Trailer and semi-trailer
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The one-year and two-year fees for registration of a trailer or semi-trailer, except a contractor's trailer or farm trailer, shall be as follows:

(A) $33.00 and $62.00, respectively, when such trailer or semi-trailer has a gross weight of trailer and load of 1,500 pounds or less.

(B) $63.00 and $123.00, respectively, when such trailer or semi-trailer has a gross weight of trailer and load of more than 1,500 pounds and is drawn by a vehicle of the pleasure car type.

(C) $63.00 and $123.00, respectively, when such trailer or semi-trailer is drawn by a motor truck or tractor, when such trailer or semi-trailer has a gross weight of more than 1,500 pounds but less than 3,000 pounds.

(D) $63.00 and $123.00, respectively, when such trailer or semi-trailer is used in combination with a truck-tractor or motor truck registered at the fee provided for combined vehicles under section 367 of this title. Excepting for the fees, the provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to trailer coaches as defined in section 4 of this title nor to modular homes being transported by trailer or semi-trailer.

(2) The one-year and two-year fees for registration of a contractor's trailer shall be $237.00 and $473.00, respectively.

(b)(1) A trailer or semi-trailer, except a farm trailer, may be registered for a period of five years for a fee equal to five times the annual fee established by subsection (a) of this section.

(2) Any registration made for a period of five years shall cost the full fee regardless of the month in which the registration is made, but a five-year registration may be transferred or cancelled in the same manner as an annual registration.
23 V.S.A. § 4203 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 41 / Section 4203
§ 4203. Testing of automated vehicles on public highways
Status: in_force

(a) An automated vehicle shall not be operated on public highways for testing until the Traffic Committee as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(24) approves a permit application for automated vehicle testers that defines the scope and operational design domain for the test and demonstrates the ability of the automated vehicle tester to comply with the requirements of this section.

(b) Prior to approving a permit application, the Traffic Committee shall conduct a hearing to provide for comments from the public. Legislative bodies of the municipalities where an automated vehicle will be tested shall be notified by the Traffic Committee 60 calendar days prior to the Traffic Committee hearing when the geographic scope of the test includes State highways or Class 1, 2, 3, or 4 town highways, as classified pursuant to 19 V.S.A. § 302, within the geographic boundaries of the municipality.

(c) The Traffic Committee is authorized to approve the testing of automated vehicles on:

(1) All State highways and Class 1 town highways.

(2) Class 2, 3, and 4 town highways within the geographic boundaries of municipalities that have preapproved testing of automated vehicles on Class 2, 3, and 4 town highways within the geographic boundaries of the municipality as of the date the permit application for automated vehicle testing is filed. A municipality may immediately revoke its preapproval of automated vehicle testing by notifying the Secretary of Transportation in writing that it no longer wishes to allow testing of automated vehicles on Class 2, 3, and 4 town highways within the geographic boundaries of the municipality.

(d) The Agency of Transportation's Automated Vehicle Testing Guide shall include a list of municipalities that have preapproved testing of automated vehicles and shall update the Automated Vehicle Testing Guide within 10 business days after a municipality notifies the Secretary of Transportation in writing that it now wishes to allow testing of automated vehicles on Class 2, 3, and 4 town highways within the geographic boundaries of the municipality or no longer wishes to allow testing of automated vehicles on Class 2, 3, and 4 town highways within the geographic boundaries of the municipality.

(e) The Traffic Committee has the sole authority to approve specific test permit applications. Municipal approval of specific testing permits is not required. Notwithstanding subdivision (c)(2) of this section, after a test permit has been approved by the Traffic Committee, all modifications to the operational design domain or other permit conditions, including changes affecting town highways in a preapproved testing municipality, requires approval by the Traffic Committee.

(f) Before a test commences, the Traffic Committee shall make approved automated vehicle test permits readily available to law enforcement and municipalities within the geographic scope of the operational design domain designated in the permit.

(g) The automated vehicle tester shall submit a report to the Traffic Committee annually, until all testing ceases, summarizing results and observations related to safety, traffic operations, interaction with roadway infrastructure, comments from the public, and any other relevant matters.

(h) An automated vehicle tester shall not test an automated vehicle on a public highway unless:

(1) The operator is:

(A) seated in the driver's seat of the automated vehicle;

(B) monitoring the operation of the automated vehicle; and

(C) capable of taking immediate manual control of such automated vehicle.

(2) The automated vehicle tester:

(A) registers each automated vehicle to be tested with the Commissioner pursuant to chapter 7 of this title;

(B) submits to the Commissioner, in a manner and form directed by the Commissioner, proof of liability insurance, self-insurance, or a surety bond of at least five million dollars for damages by reason of bodily injury, death, or property damage caused by an automated vehicle while engaged in automated vehicle testing;

(C) has established and enforces a zero-tolerance policy for drug and alcohol use by operators while engaged in automated vehicle testing. The policy shall include provisions for investigations of alleged policy violations and the suspension of drivers under investigation; and

(D) has conducted background checks for all operators pursuant to section 751 of this title, which may be inspected by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or designee pursuant to section 752 of this title.

(3) The operator and automated vehicle tester:

(A) comply with applicable standards established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regarding the testing of automated vehicles or are capable of providing proof of exemptions or waivers to such standards;

(B) report to the Agency of Transportation and the applicable law enforcement agency within 72 hours after any motor vehicle crash involving the testing of the automated vehicle that results in personal injury or property damage; and

(C) satisfy any other requirements and permit conditions as determined by the Traffic Committee as necessary to ensure the safe operation of such automated vehicles.

(i) An automated vehicle testing permit may be voided and invalidated for the trip by a law enforcement officer who determines there is a violation of any condition specified in the terms of the automated vehicle test permit or that the continuation of the trip would be unsafe.

(j) An automated vehicle testing permit may be suspended or revoked by the Traffic Committee if, after the opportunity for a hearing, the Traffic Committee determines that there is a violation of any condition or conditions specified in the terms of the automated vehicle test permit that warrants the suspension or revocation of the testing permit or that the continuation of the testing would be unsafe.

(k) Operating or testing in violation of a suspension or revocation order shall be a traffic violation for which there shall be a penalty of not more than $1,000.00.

(l) Test vehicles must be capable of operating in compliance with applicable traffic and motor vehicle laws of this State, subject to this subchapter.

(m) An individual shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of an automated vehicle being tested on a public highway when the individual's blood alcohol concentration is 0.02 or more.

(n) An automated vehicle being tested on a public highway shall be clearly identifiable by the public.
23 V.S.A. § 751 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 10 / Section 751
§ 751. Driver requirements; background checks
Status: in_force

(a) A company shall not allow an individual to act as a driver on the company's network without requiring the individual to submit to the company an application that includes:

(1) the individual's name, address, and date of birth;

(2) a copy of the individual's driver's license;

(3) a copy of the registration for the personal vehicle that the individual will use to provide prearranged rides; and

(4) proof of financial responsibility for the personal vehicle described in subdivision (3) of this subsection of a type and in the amounts required by the company.

(b)(1) A company shall not allow an individual to act as a driver on the company's network unless, with respect to the driver, the company:

(A) contracts with an accredited entity to conduct a local, State, and national background check of the individual, including the multistate-multijurisdiction criminal records locator or other similar national database, the U.S. Department of Justice national sex offender public website, and the Vermont sex offender public website;

(B) confirms that the individual is at least 18 years of age and, if the individual is 18 years of age, that the individual has at least one year of driving experience or has been issued a commercial driver's license; and

(C) confirms that the individual possesses proof of registration, automobile liability insurance, and proof of inspection if required by the state of vehicle registration for the vehicle to be used to provide prearranged rides.

(2) The background checks required by this subsection shall be conducted annually by the company.

(3) With respect to an individual who is a driver as of July 1, 2018, the requirements of subdivision (1)(A) of this subsection shall be deemed satisfied if the background check is completed within 30 days of July 1, 2018 or if a background check that satisfies the requirements of subdivision (1)(A) of this subsection was conducted by the company on or after July 1, 2017. This subdivision shall not be construed to exempt drivers from undergoing an annual background check as required under subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(c) A company shall not allow an individual to act as a driver on the company's network if the company knows or should know that the individual:

(1) has been convicted within the last seven years of:

(A) a listed crime as defined in 13 V.S.A. § 5301(7);

(B) a felony level violation of 18 V.S.A. chapter 84 for selling, dispensing, or trafficking a regulated drug;

(C) a violation of section 1201 (operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs) of this title;

(D) a felony violation of 13 V.S.A. chapter 47 (frauds) or 57 (larceny and embezzlement); or

(E) a comparable offense in another jurisdiction;

(2) has been convicted within the last three years of:

(A) more than three moving violations as defined in subdivision 4(44) of this title;

(B) grossly negligent operation of a motor vehicle in violation of section 1091 of this title or operating with a suspended or revoked license in violation of section 674 of this title; or

(C) a comparable offense in another jurisdiction;

(3) has been subject to a civil suspension within the last five years under section 1205 (operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs) of this title; or

(4) is listed on the U.S. Department of Justice national sex offender public website or the Vermont sex offender public website or has been convicted of homicide, manslaughter, kidnapping, or an offense involving sexual exploitation of children in violation of 13 V.S.A. chapter 64.

(d) A company shall establish and enforce a zero tolerance policy for drug and alcohol use by drivers during any period when a driver is engaged in, or is logged on to the company's network but is not engaged in, a prearranged ride. The policy shall include provisions for investigations of alleged policy violations and the suspension of drivers under investigation.

(e) A company shall require that a personal vehicle used to provide prearranged rides comply with all applicable laws and rules concerning vehicle equipment.
23 V.S.A. § 511 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 511
§ 511. Manner of display
Status: repealed

(a) Number plates. A motor vehicle operated on any highway shall have displayed in a conspicuous place either one or two number plates as the Commissioner may require. Such number plates shall be furnished by the Commissioner and shall show the number assigned to such vehicle by the Commissioner. If only one number plate is furnished, the same shall be securely attached to the rear of the vehicle. If two are furnished, one shall be securely attached to the rear and one to the front of the vehicle. The number plates shall be kept entirely unobscured, and the numerals and letters thereon shall be plainly legible at all times. They shall be kept horizontal, shall be so fastened as not to swing, excepting, however, there may be installed on a motor truck or truck tractor a device that would, upon contact with a substantial object, permit the rear number plate to swing toward the front of the vehicle, provided such device automatically returns the number plate to its original rigid position after contact is released, and the ground clearance of the lower edges thereof shall be established by the Commissioner pursuant to the provisions of 3 V.S.A. chapter 25.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) Violation. A person shall not operate a motor vehicle unless a number plate or number plates are displayed as provided in this section.

(d) [Repealed.]

(e) Temporary and in-transit registration plates. A motor vehicle issued a temporary or in-transit registration plate under sections 312, 458, 463, and 516-518 of this title operated on any highway shall have the temporary or in-transit registration plate displayed horizontally in a conspicuous place on the rear of the vehicle, including in the rear window. The temporary or in-transit registration plate shall be kept entirely unobscured, and the numerals and letters thereon shall be plainly legible at all times.
23 V.S.A. § 3016 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3016
§ 3016. Additional assessment; time limit
Status: in_force

(a) If the Commissioner is not satisfied that the report filed or the amount of tax paid by a taxpayer is accurate, after investigating and finding such inaccuracy, the Commissioner may make an additional assessment of taxes due from the taxpayer based upon the Commissioner's investigation. In estimating the tax due from a licensed user, fuel consumption shall be computed at the rate of 10 miles per gallon for vehicles registered up to and including 10,000 pounds and at four miles per gallon for all vehicles registered over 10,000 pounds for any unreported Vermont mileage in excess of four percent of the operator's total Vermont mileage. Any tax assessed for mileage up to four percent of the operator's total Vermont mileage shall be assessed based on the operator's fuel consumption average for the operator's entire fleet. A penalty equal to 10 percent and interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month shall be payable on the additional assessment, with interest computed from the date the tax payment was due. The Commissioner shall give notice by mail to the taxpayer of the additional assessment, penalty, and interest and shall designate the error or reason for the assessment. Payment shall be due within 30 days after the date of mailing the notice. The Commissioner may, in the Commissioner's discretion, waive all or any part of the penalty.

(b) When no report or payment of tax has been made as required by sections 3014 and 3015 of this title, or when a willfully false or fraudulent report has been filed, the tax may be assessed at any time; in all other cases, no assessment of additional tax, and the mailing of notice, shall be made after the expiration of three years from the date of filing a report.
23 V.S.A. § 3023 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3023
§ 3023. Review of Commissioner's decision
Status: in_force

(a) Any aggrieved licensed user or taxpayer may have any decision, order, or finding of the Commissioner made under this chapter reviewed under Rule 75 of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure. Such review shall be to the Washington Superior Court or, in the discretion of the appellant, to the Superior Court in the county where the licensed person has his or her principal place of business or residence. The hearing on the review shall be de novo.

(b) The appeal provided by this section shall be the exclusive remedy available to any licensed user or taxpayer for review of a decision of the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1392 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1392
§ 1392. Gross weight limits on highways
Status: repealed

Except as provided in section 1400 of this title, a person shall not operate or cause to be operated a motor vehicle in excess of the total weight, including vehicle, object, or contrivance and load, of:

(1) 16,000 pounds upon any bridge with a wood floor, wood subfloor, or wood stringers on a class 3 or 4 town highway or 20,000 pounds on a bridge with wood floor, wood subfloor, or wood stringers on a class 1 or 2 town highway unless otherwise posted by the selectboard of such town.

(2) 24,000 pounds, upon a class 2, 3, or 4 town highway or bridge with other than wood floor, in any town or incorporated village.

(3) No vehicle may exceed a gross weight in excess of 80,000 pounds unless the operator or owner of the vehicle has complied with the provisions of section 1400 of this title or except as otherwise provided in this section.

(4) Subject to the limit upon the weight imposed upon the highway through any single or tandem axle as set forth in section 1391 of this title, the total gross weight of vehicle with load imposed upon the highway by all axles of a vehicle or combination of axles of a vehicle shall not be in excess of the value in pounds given for the respective distance between the first and last axle of the vehicle or combination of axle spacing for vehicles measured longitudinally to the nearest foot as set forth in the following table:

(5)(A) Despite the axle load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the distance in feet between first and last axle as provided for in subdivision (4) of this section, a motor truck having three axles, if the two rear axles are both power driven and both equipped with adequate brakes, the gross weight of the three axles of the truck shall not exceed 55,000 pounds.

(B) When application is made to register a motor truck under the provisions of this subdivision, the applicant shall submit to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles specifications as to its make, brake equipment, and manufacturer's recommended gross weight. In the Commissioner's discretion, the Commissioner may refuse registration for its operation under this subdivision if the specifications for the vehicle would not permit its safe operation when so loaded.

(6) Despite the axle load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the distance in feet between first and last axle as provided for in subdivision (4) of this section, a motor truck having four axles, three of which are a tri-axle and at least two axles in this group being power driven and equipped with adequate brakes; the gross weight of the four axles of the truck shall not exceed 60,000 pounds, however:

(A) No two axles in the tri-axle group shall support more than 42,000 pounds with a 10 percent tolerance.

(B) No single axle of the tri-axle group shall support more than 22,400 pounds with a 10 percent tolerance.

(C) The total load supported by the tri-axle group shall not exceed 54,000 pounds.

(D) Three or more axles within a distance of 12 feet or less apart shall be considered as a tri-axle group, and if a single axle is closer than eight feet to the nearest axle of the tri-axle group, the total load shall not exceed that allowed for a tri-axle group.

(E) [Repealed.]

(7)-(10) [Repealed.]

(11) The weights or tolerances, or both, as set forth in subdivisions (5) and (6) of this section shall not apply to the highways designated as portions of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways unless authorized by federal law.

(12) [Repealed.]

(13) Despite the axle-load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the maximum gross load of subdivision (4) of this section, a special annual permit, which shall expire with the vehicle's registration, except for vehicles not registered in Vermont, in which case the permit shall become void on January 1 following date of issue, may be issued to a person operating on designated routes on the State Highway System for a fee of $458.00 for each vehicle registered for a weight of 80,000 pounds. This special permit shall be issued only for a combination of vehicle and semi-trailer or trailer equipped with five or more axles, with a distance between axles that meets the minimum requirements of registering the vehicle to 80,000 pounds as allowed under subdivision (4) of this section. The maximum gross load under this special permit shall be 90,000 pounds. Unless authorized by federal law, this subdivision shall not apply to operation on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

(14) Despite the axle-load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the axle spacing and maximum gross load provisions of subdivision (4) of this section, a special annual permit, which shall expire with the vehicle's registration, except for vehicles not registered in Vermont, in which case the permit shall become void on January 1 following date of issue, may be issued to a person transporting loads on vehicles on designated routes on the State Highway System for the following fees for each vehicle unit. Unless authorized by federal law, the provisions of this subdivision regarding weight limits or tolerances, or both, shall not apply to operation on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. This special permit shall be issued for the following vehicles and conditions:

(A) 3-axle trucks with a single steering axle and a rear tandem axle that have a maximum gross weight of not more than 60,000 pounds when registered for a minimum gross weight of not more than 55,000 pounds, the permit fee shall be $187.00.

(B) 4-axle trucks with a single steering axle and a rear tri-axle unit that have a maximum gross weight of not more than 69,000 pounds when registered for a minimum weight of 60,000 pounds, the permit fee shall be $422.00.

(C) 4-axle tractor semi-trailer or truck trailer combination with a maximum gross weight of not more than 72,000 pounds, provided the distance between the second axle of the tractor and the rear axle of the trailer is at least 24 feet measured to the nearest foot. For each foot or fraction of a foot less than 24 feet, measured to the nearest foot, a reduction of 2,000 pounds in the maximum gross weight shall be made. The permit fee shall be $18.00.

(D) 5- or more axle tractor semi-trailer or truck trailer combination with a maximum gross weight of not more than 76,000 pounds, provided that the distance between the first and last axle of two consecutive sets of tandem axles is at least 24 feet measured to the nearest foot. For each foot or fraction of a foot less than 24 feet, measured to the nearest foot, a reduction of 2,000 pounds in the maximum gross weight shall be made. The permit fee shall be $18.00.

(E) No single axle of a tandem axle unit shall support more than 60 percent of the total weight supported by such tandem axle unit.

(F) No single axle of a tri-axle unit shall support more than 40 percent of the total weight supported by such tri-axle unit.

(G) The maximum load on any axle of such vehicle shall not exceed more than 600 pounds per inch of tire width computed in conformity with the manufacturer's designated width.

(H) A five percent tolerance shall be allowed on the gross vehicle weights allowed under permits issued pursuant to this subdivision.

(15) Despite the axle load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the axle spacing and the maximum gross load of subdivision (4) of this section, a 5-axle tractor semi-trailer may operate on State highways with the following conditions:

(A) For each foot or fraction of a foot less than 36 feet between the first and last axle of two consecutive sets of tandem axles, a reduction of 2,000 pounds in the maximum gross weight of 80,000 pounds shall be made.

(B) Conditions in subdivisions (14)(D) and (F) of this section shall also apply to this subdivision (B), and unless authorized by federal law, this subdivision shall not apply to operation on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

(16) Notwithstanding the axle load provisions of section 1391 of this title and the maximum gross load of subdivision (4) of this section, a five or more axle truck tractor, semi-trailer combination, or truck trailer combination, when the load consists solely of unprocessed milk products as defined in subdivision 4(55) of this title, may be registered for and operated with a maximum gross weight of 90,000 pounds on State highways without permit and upon posted State and town highways when the vehicle has been issued a permit in compliance with the provisions of section 1400 of this title; however:

(A) Vehicles operated pursuant to this subdivision (16) shall be subject to the same axle spacing restrictions as are applied to five or more axle vehicles registered to 80,000 pounds as set forth in subdivision (4) of this section.

(B) Unless prohibited by federal law, the provisions of this subdivision (16) shall apply to operation on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

(C) [Repealed.]

(17) Notwithstanding the gross vehicle weight provisions of subdivision (4) of this section, a truck trailer combination or truck tractor, semi-trailer combination with six or more load-bearing axles registered for 80,000 pounds shall be allowed to bear a maximum of 99,000 pounds by special annual permit, which shall expire with the vehicle's registration, except for vehicles not registered in Vermont, in which case the permit shall become void on January 1 following the date of issue, for operating on designated routes on State and town highways, subject to the following:

(A) The combination of vehicles must have, as a minimum, a distance of 51 feet between extreme axles.

(B) The axle weight provisions of section 1391 of this title and the axle weight provisions of subdivisions (6)(A)–(D) of this section shall also apply to vehicles permitted under this subdivision (17).

(C) When determining the civil penalty for a gross overweight violation of this subdivision (17), the civil penalty for any portion of the first 10,000 pounds over the permitted weight shall be the same as provided in section 1391a of this title, and for overweight violations 10,001 pounds or more over the permitted weight, the civil penalty schedule provided in section 1391a shall be doubled.

(D) The weight permitted by this subdivision (17) shall be allowed for foreign trucks that are registered or permitted for 99,000 pounds in a state or province that recognizes Vermont vehicles for weights consistent with this subdivision (17).

(E) Unless authorized by federal law, the provisions of this subdivision (17) shall not apply to operation on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

(F) The fee for the annual permit as provided in this subdivision (17) shall be $458.00 for vehicles bearing up to 90,000 pounds and $671.00 for vehicles bearing up to 99,000 pounds.

(G) [Repealed.]

(18) The owner of any Vermont or foreign registered motor vehicle seeking permits authorized by this section shall make application for the appropriate permits and pay the appropriate permit fees.

(19)(A) A person issued a permit under the provisions of subdivision (13), (14), or (17) of this section, and upon payment of a $10.00 administrative fee for each additional permit, may obtain additional permits for the same vehicle, provided the additional permit is for a lesser weight and provided the vehicle or combination of vehicles meets the minimum requirements for the permit sought as set forth in this section.

(B) A person issued a permit under the provisions of subdivision (14) of this section, and upon payment of the difference in fees for each permit sought, may obtain additional permits for the same vehicle, provided the vehicle or combination of vehicles meets the minimum requirements for the permit sought as set forth in this section.

(C) [Repealed.]

(20) [Repealed.]

(21) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 843 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 843
§ 843. Amount of insurance or bond
Status: in_force

The amount of insurance or bond shall be a minimum of $50,000.00 for injury to or death of any one person in any crash subject to a minimum limit per crash of $100,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity of seven passengers or less, subject to a minimum limit per crash of $250,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity from eight to 12 passengers inclusive, subject to a minimum limit per crash of $300,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity from 13 to 20 passengers inclusive, subject to a minimum limit per crash of $350,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity from 21 to 30 passengers inclusive, subject to a minimum limit per crash of $300,000.00 for injuries to or death of all persons in any one crash if the vehicle has a seating capacity exceeding 30 passengers, and $50,000.00 from damages to property in any crash.
23 V.S.A. § 1061 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1061
§ 1061. Turning at intersections
Status: in_force

A driver intending to turn at an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway shall proceed as follows:

(1) Right turn. Both the approach for a right turn and a right turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.

(2) Left turns on two-way roadways. At any intersection where traffic is permitted to move in both directions on each roadway entering the intersection, an approach for a left turn shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the centerline thereof and by passing to the right of such centerline where it enters the intersection and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection to the right of the centerline of the roadway being entered. Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the center of the intersection.

(3) Left turns on other than two-way roadways. At any intersection where traffic is restricted to one direction on one or more of the roadways, the driver of a vehicle intending to turn left at any such intersection shall approach the intersection in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of such vehicle and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection, as nearly as practicable, in the left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in such direction upon the roadway being entered.
23 V.S.A. § 3558 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3558
§ 3558. Entry into compact and withdrawal-Article VII
Status: in_force

(a) This compact shall become effective when it has been adopted by at least two jurisdictions.

(b)(1) Entry into the compact shall be made by a Resolution of Ratification executed by the authorized officials of the applying jurisdiction and submitted to the Chairman of the Board.

(2) The resolution shall be in a form and content as provided in the Compact Manual and shall include statements that in substance are as follows:

(A) a citation of the authority by which the jurisdiction is empowered to become a party to this compact;

(B) agreement to comply with the terms and provisions of the compact;

(C) that compact entry is with all jurisdictions then party to the compact and with any jurisdiction that legally becomes a party to the compact.

(3) The effective date of entry shall be specified by the applying jurisdiction, but it shall not be less than 60 days after notice has been given by the Chairman of the Board of Compact Administrators or by the secretariat of the Board to each party jurisdiction that the resolution from the applying jurisdiction has been received.

(c) A party jurisdiction may withdraw from this compact by official written notice to the other party jurisdictions, but a withdrawal shall not take effect until 90 days after notice of withdrawal is given. The notice shall be directed to the compact administrator of each member jurisdiction. No withdrawal shall affect the validity of this compact as to the remaining party jurisdictions.
23 V.S.A. § 2152 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2152
§ 2152. Authorized removal of abandoned motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Public property. A law enforcement officer is authorized to remove or cause removal of an abandoned motor vehicle from public property, and may contact a towing service for its removal, based upon personal observation by the officer that the vehicle is an abandoned motor vehicle.

(b) Private property.

(1) A law enforcement officer is authorized to remove or cause removal of an abandoned motor vehicle from private property, and may contact a towing service for its removal, based upon the request of the landowner on whose property the vehicle is located and information indicating that the vehicle is an abandoned motor vehicle.

(2) A landowner of private property is authorized to remove or cause removal of an abandoned motor vehicle from that property or to any other place on any property of the landowner, and may contact a towing service for its removal. A landowner who removes or causes removal of an abandoned motor vehicle shall immediately notify the police agency in the jurisdiction from which the vehicle is removed and provide the registration plate number, the public vehicle identification number, if available, and the make, model, and color of the vehicle. The landowner may remove the vehicle from the place where it is discovered to any other place on any property owned by him or her, or cause the vehicle to be removed by a towing service under the provisions of this subsection, without incurring any civil liability to the owner of the abandoned vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3837 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3837
§ 3837. Penalty
Status: in_force

(a) A person who violates any provision of section 3836 of this chapter shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned for not more than six months, or both.

(b) A person who violates section 3833 or 3835 of this chapter shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 1606 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1606
§ 1606. Automated traffic law enforcement systems; speeding [Effective July 1, 2025; Repealed effective July 2, 2025 or July 1, 2027]
Status: in_force

(a) Use. Deployment of ATLE systems on behalf of the Agency of Transportation by a third party pursuant to subsection (b) of this section is intended to investigate the benefits of automated law enforcement for speeding violations as a way to improve work crew safety and reduce traffic crashes resulting from an increased adherence to traffic laws achieved by effective deterrence of potential violators, which could not be achieved by traditional law enforcement methods or traffic calming measures, or both. Deployment of ATLE systems on behalf of the Agency is not intended to replace law enforcement personnel, nor is it intended to mitigate problems caused by deficient road design, construction, or maintenance.

(b) Vendor.

(1) The Agency of Transportation shall enter into a contract with a third party for the operation and deployment of ATLE systems on behalf of the Agency.

(2) The Agency, in consultation with the Department of Public Safety, may require the vendor to maintain a storage system to store any recorded images or other data collected by the ATLE system. Any storage system shall adhere to the use, retention, and limitation requirements pursuant to this section.

(c) Locations. An ATLE system may only be utilized at a location in the vicinity of a work zone on a limited-access highway under the jurisdiction of the Agency of Transportation and selected by the Agency, provided that:

(1) the Agency shall document through an appropriate engineering analysis that the location meets highway standards;

(2) the ATLE system is not used as a means of combating deficiencies in roadway design or environment;

(3) at least two signs notifying members of the traveling public of the use of an ATLE system are in place before any recorded images or other data is collected by the ATLE system;

(4) there is a sign at the end of the work zone;

(5) the ATLE system is only in operation when workers are present in the work zone and at least one of the signs required under subdivision (3) of this subsection indicates whether the ATLE system is currently in operation; and

(6) there is notice of the use of the ATLE system on the Agency's website, including the location and typical hours when workers are present and the ATLE system is in operation.

(d) Daily log.

(1) The vendor that deploys an ATLE system in accordance with this section must maintain a daily log for each deployed ATLE system that includes:

(A) the date, time, and location of the ATLE system setup;

(B) a demonstration that the equipment is operating properly before and after daily use;

(C) a verification that the signage and equipment placement meet applicable highway standards; and

(D) the name of the employee who performed any self-tests required by the ATLE system manufacturer and the results of those self-tests.

(2) The daily log shall be retained for not fewer than three years by the Agency and admissible in any proceeding for a violation involving ATLE systems deployed on behalf of the Agency.

(e) Annual calibration. All ATLE systems shall undergo an annual calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory. The calibration laboratory shall issue a signed certificate of calibration after the annual calibration check, which shall be retained for not fewer than three years by the Agency and admissible in any proceeding for a violation involving the ATLE system.

(f) Penalty.

(1) The owner of the motor vehicle bearing the rear registration number plate captured in a recorded image shall be liable for one of the following civil penalties unless, for the violation in question, the owner is convicted of exceeding the speed limit under chapter 13 of this title or has a defense under subsection (h) of this section:

(A) $0.00, which shall be exempt from surcharges under 13 V.S.A. § 7282(a), for a first violation within 12 months;

(B) $80.00 for a second violation within 12 months; provided, however, that a violation shall be considered a second violation for purposes of this subdivision only if it has occurred at least 30 days after the date on which the notice of the first violation was mailed; and

(C) $160.00 for a third or subsequent violation within 12 months.

(2) The owner of the motor vehicle bearing the rear registration number plate captured in a recorded image shall not be deemed to have committed a crime or moving violation unless otherwise convicted under another section of this title, and a violation of this section shall not be made a part of the operating record of the owner or considered for insurance purposes.

(g) Notice and complaint.

(1) An action to enforce this section shall be initiated by issuing a Vermont civil violation complaint to the owner of a motor vehicle bearing the rear registration number plate captured in a recorded image and mailing the Vermont civil violation complaint to the owner by U.S. mail.

(2) The civil violation complaint shall:

(A) be based on an inspection of recorded images and data produced by one or more ATLE systems or one or more ATLE and ALPR systems;

(B) be issued, sworn, and affirmed by the law enforcement officer who inspected the recorded images and data;

(C) enclose copies of applicable recorded images and at least one recorded image showing the rear registration number plate of the motor vehicle;

(D) include the date, time, and place of the violation;

(E) include the applicable civil penalty amount and the dates, times, and places for any prior violations from the prior 12 months;

(F) include written verification that the ATLE system was operating correctly at the time of the violation and the date of the most recent inspection that confirms the ATLE system to be operating properly;

(G) contain a notice of language access services in accordance with federal and state law; and

(H) in compliance with 4 V.S.A. § 1105(f), include an affidavit that the issuing officer has determined the owner's military status to the best of the officer's ability by conducting a search of the available Department of Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) online records, together with a copy of the record obtained from the DMDC that is the basis for the issuing officer's affidavit.

(3) In the case of a violation involving a motor vehicle registered under the laws of this State, the civil violation complaint shall be mailed within 30 days after the violation to the address of the owner as listed in the records of the Department of Motor Vehicles. A notice of violation issued under this subdivision shall be mailed not more than 30 days after the date of the violation. A notice mailed after 30 days is void.

(4) In the case of a violation involving a motor vehicle registered under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this State, the notice of violation shall be mailed within 30 days after the discovery of the identity of the owner to the address of the owner as listed in the records of the official in the jurisdiction having charge of the registration of the motor vehicle. A notice of violation issued under this subdivision shall be mailed not more than 90 days after the date of the violation. A notice mailed after 90 days is void.

(h) Defenses. The following shall be defenses to a violation under this section:

(1) that the motor vehicle or license plates shown in one or more recorded images was in the care, custody, or control of another person at the time of the violation; and

(2) that the radar component of the ATLE system was not properly calibrated or tested at the time of the violation.

(i) Proceedings before the Judicial Bureau.

(1) To the extent not inconsistent with this section, the provisions for the adjudication of a Vermont civil violation complaint, the payment of a Vermont civil violation complaint, and the collection of civil penalties associated with a civil violation complaint in 4 V.S.A. chapter 29 shall apply to civil violation complaints issued under this section.

(2) Notwithstanding an owner's failure to request a hearing, a Vermont civil violation complaint issued pursuant to this section shall be dismissed with prejudice upon showing by the owner, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the motor vehicle in question was not in the care, custody, or control of the owner at the time of the violation because, at the time, the owner was a person in military service as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911.

(j) Retention.

(1) All recorded images shall be retained by the vendor pursuant to the requirements of subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(2) A recorded image shall only be retained for 12 months after the date it was obtained or until the resolution of the applicable violation and the appeal period if the violation is contested. When the retention period has expired, the vendor and any law enforcement agency with custody of the recorded image shall destroy it and cause to have destroyed any copies or backups made of the original recorded image.

(k) Review process and annual report.

(1) The Agency of Transportation, in consultation with the Department of Public Safety, shall establish a review process to ensure that recorded images are used only for the purposes permitted by this section. The Agency of Transportation shall report the results of this review annually on or before January 15 to the Senate and House Committees on Judiciary and on Transportation. The report shall contain the following information based on prior calendar year data:

(A) the total number of ATLE systems units being operated on behalf of the Agency in the State;

(B) the terms of any contracts entered into with any vendors for the deployment of ATLE on behalf of the Agency;

(C) all of the locations where an ATLE system was deployed along with the dates and hours that the ATLE system was in operation;

(D) the number of violations issued based on recorded images and the outcomes of those violations by category, including first, second, and third and subsequent violations and contested violations;

(E) the number of recorded images the Agency submitted to the automated traffic law enforcement storage system;

(F) the total amount paid in civil penalties; and

(G) any recommended changes for the use of ATLE systems in Vermont.

(2) Notwithstanding 2 V.S.A. § 20(d), the annual report required under this section shall continue to be required if an ATLE system is deployed in the State unless the General Assembly takes specific action to repeal the report requirement.

(l) Limitations.

(1) ATLE systems shall only record violations of this section and shall not be used for any other purpose, including other surveillance purposes.

(2) Recorded images shall only be accessed to determine if a violation of this section was committed in the prior 12 months.

(3) Notwithstanding any applicable law to the contrary, the Agency of Transportation may permit the vendor to coordinate with designated law enforcement agencies to obtain a recorded image from the vendor to determine whether a violation of this section occurred within the prior 12 months.
23 V.S.A. § 4 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 4
§ 4. Definitions
Status: repealed

Except as may otherwise be provided by law, and unless the context otherwise requires in statutes relating to motor vehicles and enforcement of the law regulating vehicles, as provided in this title and 20 V.S.A. part 5, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) “Authorized emergency vehicle” means a vehicle of a fire department, law enforcement vehicle, public and private ambulance, and a vehicle equipped as provided in subsections 1252(a) and (b) of this title.

(2) “Button” is a traffic control marking consisting of an object, either permanently attached to the pavement or temporarily placed, and projecting above the surface.

(3) “Carrying capacity of a motor truck” shall be deemed to be the heaviest net load to be carried.

(4) “Commissioner” shall mean in this title only the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(5) “Construction area” or “work zone” or “work site” means an area of a highway undergoing construction, maintenance, or utility work activities by order or with the permission of the State or a municipality that is designated by and located within properly posted warning devices.

(6) “Contractor's trailer” means any trailer or semi-trailer towed by a motor truck or truck tractor, both of which have been owned or leased and registered for a period of 30 days or more by the using contract highway builder and used solely for the purpose of transporting road-making appliances or motorized highway building equipment from job to job in connection with his or her business of building, repair, or maintenance of highways.

(7) “Crosswalk” means:

(A) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway; or

(B) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface.

(8)(A)(i) “Dealer” means a person, partnership, corporation, or other entity engaged in the business of selling or exchanging new or used motor vehicles, snowmobiles, motorboats, or all-terrain vehicles. A dealer may, as part of or incidental to such business, repair such vehicles or motorboats, sell parts and accessories, or lease or rent such vehicles or motorboats. “Dealer” does not include a finance or auction dealer or a transporter.

(ii)(I) For a dealer in new or used cars or motor trucks, “engaged in the business” means having sold or exchanged at least 12 cars or motor trucks, or a combination thereof, in the immediately preceding year, or 24 in the two immediately preceding years.

(II) For a dealer in snowmobiles, motorboats, or all-terrain vehicles, “engaged in the business” means having sold or exchanged at least one snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle, respectively, in the immediately preceding year or two in the two immediately preceding years.

(III) For a dealer in trailers, semi-trailers, or trailer coaches, “engaged in the business” means having sold or exchanged at least one trailer, semi-trailer, or trailer coach in the immediately preceding year or a combination of two such vehicles in the two immediately preceding years. However, the sale or exchange of a trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating of 3,500 pounds or less shall be excluded under this subdivision (III).

(IV) For a dealer in motorcycles or motor-driven cycles, “engaged in the business” means having sold or exchanged at least one motorcycle or motor-driven cycle in the immediately preceding year or a combination of two such vehicles in the two immediately preceding years.

(V) For the purposes of this subdivision (8)(A)(ii), the sale or exchange of vehicles or motorboats owned but not registered by the dealer, or that have been in lease or rental services, shall count as sales or exchanges. Vehicles or motorboats that are to be scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed shall not count as sales or exchanges.

(B) [Repealed.]

(C) “Finance dealer” means a person who is authorized to do business in this State and is actively engaged in and devoting a principal portion of his or her time to the wholesale and retail financing of motor vehicle sales by and through direct wholesale loans to those who are registered motor vehicle dealers under chapter 7 of this title or the purchase of retail conditional sales contracts from the dealers. A person entitled to dealer registration under this subdivision shall be deemed a dealer only to the extent of moving or operating under dealer registration a motor vehicle that he or she is repossessing in the regular course of his or her business. A person entitled to dealer registration under this subdivision shall also be entitled to demonstrate repossessed motor vehicles.

(D) “Auction dealer” means a person who is authorized to do business in this State and is engaged in the sale of motor vehicles at public auction subject to the provisions of sections 451, 458, 459, 463, and 466-468 of this title. A motor vehicle to be sold at public auction by the auction dealer may be transported to the place of auction for a period of up to 30 days prior to the date of auction on auction dealer plates and then only by the dealer or his or her employee. A motor vehicle sold by an auction dealer may only be operated on auction dealer plates on the date of sale and then only by the dealer or his or her employee or by the purchaser when accompanied by the dealer or employee within 10 miles of the place of auction.

(E) As used in this subdivision (8), “person” shall include any individual or, in the case of partnerships, corporations, or other entities, the directors, shareholders, officers, or partners in these entities.

(F) [Repealed.]

(9) “Edge of the roadway” is the extreme right-hand limit of any improved area within the right-of-way of the highway.

(10) “Eight-light system” shall mean four alternately flashing red signal lamps, two at the front and two at the rear, to operate automatically when a school bus is stopped and four alternately flashing amber signal lamps, two at the front and two at the rear, to be operated by the driver at an appropriate distance before stopping the bus.

(11) “Enforcement officers” shall include:

(A) The following persons certified pursuant to 20 V.S.A. § 2358: sheriffs, deputy sheriffs, constables whose authority has not been limited under 24 V.S.A. § 1936a, police officers, State's Attorneys, Capitol Police officers, motor vehicle inspectors, liquor investigators, State game wardens, and State Police.

(B) For enforcement of offenses relating to parking of motor vehicles, meter checkers and other duly authorized employees of a municipality employed to assist in the enforcement of parking rules.

(C) For enforcement of nonmoving traffic violations enumerated in subdivisions 2302(a)(1), (2), (3), and (4) of this title, duly authorized employees of the Department of Motor Vehicles. Such employees may issue complaints in accordance with 4 V.S.A. § 1105.

(12) “Fresh pursuit” includes fresh pursuit as defined by the common law, and also the pursuit of a suspected violator of the criminal laws or other laws of this State, for which he or she is, or might be, subject to arrest, by an enforcement officer. Fresh pursuit is not necessarily instant pursuit, but pursuit without unreasonable delay.

(13) “Highway,” “road,” “public highway,” or “public road” shall include all parts of any bridge, culvert, roadway, street, square, fairground, or other place open temporarily or permanently to public or general circulation of vehicles, and shall include a way laid out under authority of law.

(14) “Intersecting highway” shall mean any highway that joins another at an angle, whether or not it crosses the other; but a driveway leading to or from private grounds shall not be interpreted to be a highway.

(15) “Jitney” shall include any motor vehicle, not designated for the carrying of merchandise or freight, advertised or regularly used for carrying passengers for hire, but not operating over a fixed route, including motor vehicles operated for hire in connection with a livery business, but shall not include any such vehicle that the owner thereof uses in an emergency for such purpose, nor one that an employer uses to transport his or her employees to and from their work, nor one that is used at least 75 percent of the time in the transportation of schoolchildren or under authority granted to a school board under 16 V.S.A. § 563 to transport other than schoolchildren, nor one that is used in the transfer of U.S. mail on a star route, so-called, nor one that is used to transport elders or persons who have a disability for whom special transportation programs are designed and funded by State and federal authority through public and private nonprofit social service agencies; nor shall it apply to cooperative use transportation.

(16) “Junior operator” shall include only such persons as are 16 and 17 years of age.

(17) “Motor bus” shall include any motor vehicle with a seating capacity of more than seven persons, other than a street car, operated upon the public streets and highways along a regular route, and in such operation receiving, discharging, and transporting passengers for hire. However, “motor bus” shall not be construed to include transportation service the route and destination of which are under the direction and subject to the control of the passengers so transported or to include cooperative-use transportation.

(18)(A) “Motorcycle” means any motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, and includes autocycles but excludes motor-driven cycles, motor-assisted bicycles, electric bicycles, golf carts, track driven vehicles, tractors, and electric personal assistive mobility devices.

(B) “Autocycle” means a three-wheeled motorcycle:

(i) in which the occupants sit with their legs forward;

(ii) designed to be controlled with a steering wheel and pedals; and

(iii) equipped with safety belts for all occupants.

(C) “Fully enclosed autocycle” means an autocycle equipped with a windshield and that has full top and side enclosures capable of supporting the vehicle's weight and protecting the occupants when the vehicle is resting on the enclosures.

(19) “Motorized highway building equipment” shall include all bulldozers, rollers, scrapers, graders, spreaders, pavers, bituminous mixers, compressors, power shovels, excavators, dumpsters, concrete mixers, bucket loaders, snow loaders, rooters, and scarifiers, except road oilers and bituminous distributors, that contain as an integral part thereof and within the same unit facilities for generating motor power for propelling the same and while being used exclusively for the building, repair, or maintenance of highways, or being transported or moved from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of highways; or, for purposes of registration only, if owned and operated by a municipality, while being used exclusively for municipal purposes; however, the town road commissioner, or comparable municipal officer, shall report annually to the legislative body of the municipality that the equipment is in good repair; tractors used exclusively as a power unit in drawing road making appliances or in the transportation of same or of such tractor from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of highways.

(20) “Motor truck” means any motor vehicle designed primarily for the transportation of property and shall be construed to include truck tractor-semitrailer and truck tractor-semitrailer-trailer combinations.

(21) “Motor vehicle” includes all vehicles propelled or drawn by power other than muscular power, except farm tractors, vehicles running only upon stationary rails or tracks, motorized highway building equipment, road making appliances, snowmobiles, tracked vehicles, motor-assisted bicycles, electric bicycles, or electric personal assistive mobility devices.

(22) “Specialized fuel driven motor vehicle” shall include all motor vehicles, the power for which is generated otherwise than by gasoline or by diesel “fuel” as defined in section 3002 of this title, excluding steam road rollers, tractors used entirely for work on the farm, and vehicles running only upon rails or tracks.

(23) “Nonresident” shall include any person who does not come under the definition of a resident.

(24) “Operate,” “operating,” or “operated” as applied to motor vehicles shall include “drive,” “driving,” and “driven” and shall also include an attempt to operate and shall be construed to cover all matters and things connected with the presence and use of motor vehicles on the highway, whether they be in motion or at rest.

(25) “Operator” shall include all persons 18 years of age or over properly licensed to operate motor vehicles.

(26) “Owner” shall include any person, corporation, co-partnership, or association holding legal title to a motor vehicle or having exclusive right to the use or control thereof for a period of 30 days or more.

(27) “Person” includes any natural person, corporation, association, co-partnership, company, firm, or other aggregation of individuals.

(28) “Pleasure car” shall include all motor vehicles not otherwise defined in this title and shall include plug-in electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as defined pursuant to subdivision (85) of this section.

(29) [Repealed.]

(30)(A) “Resident,” as used in this title only, means any person living in the State who intends to make the State his or her principal place of domicile either permanently or for an indefinite number of years. Any foreign partnership, firm, association, or corporation having a place of business in this State shall be deemed to be a resident as to all vehicles owned or leased and that are garaged or maintained in this State.

(B) Without limiting the class of nonresidents under the provisions of this subdivision, persons who live in the State for a particular purpose involving a defined period of time, including students, migrant workers employed in seasonal occupations, and persons employed under a contract with a fixed term, are not residents for purposes of this title only.

(31) “Road making appliances” shall mean all bulldozers, rollers, scrapers, graders, spreaders, pavers, retreading machines, compressors, power shovels, excavators, rock crushers, concrete mixers, snow loaders, bucket loaders, rooters, portable electric generators, pavement heaters, sweepers, steam boilers, traffic control boards, screening plants, asphalt reclaimers, and scarifiers designed to be and while being drawn by a separate motorized power unit and while being used exclusively for building, repair, or maintenance of roads or highways or while being transported from job to job in connection with the building, repair, or maintenance of roads or highways, except contractor's trailers.

(32) “Roadway” is that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular traffic, exclusive of the shoulder.

(33) “Safety glass” shall mean any product composed of safety glazing materials so manufactured, fabricated, or treated as substantially to prevent shattering and flying when struck or broken.

(34)(A) “School bus” means any motor vehicle used to transport children to or from school or in connection with school activities, except:

(i) Buses operated by common carriers who incidentally accept school children as passengers.

(ii) Private motor vehicles used to carry members of the owner's household. As used in this section, “private motor vehicle” means a vehicle neither owned nor leased by a public school or an approved independent school.

(iii) Private motor vehicles used to transport children without compensation. For the purposes of this section, “compensation” means payment in any form except reimbursement for mileage or the normal salary paid to a person otherwise employed by the school.

(iv) Motor vehicles with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of fewer than 11 persons, including the operator, that are owned, leased, or hired by a school, or for which services are reimbursed by a school. However, if used to transport students, these shall be considered a Type II school bus for purposes of licensure, shall display an identification sign as prescribed in subdivision 1283(a)(1) of this title, and shall be equipped with a simple system of at least two red alternating warning lights unless the driver is a school employee or a volunteer subject to a criminal background check and is transporting no more than five persons excluding the operator, provided that the vehicle has safety belts for all persons being transported.

(v) Motor coaches provided with a driver to a school on a single-trip or multi-trip contract basis to provide transportation to or from, or to and from, athletic or other special events. A motor coach is a vehicle at least 35 feet in length with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of more than 30 passengers and is designed for long distance transportation of passengers, characterized by integral construction with an elevated passenger deck located over a baggage compartment. Pursuant to 16 V.S.A. § 255, a superintendent or headmaster shall request criminal record information for a driver of a motor coach if the driver may be in unsupervised contact with schoolchildren.

(vi) Multifunction school activity buses, as defined in section 1287 of this title, provided with a driver to a school on a single-trip or multi-trip contract basis to provide transportation to or from, or to and from, athletic or other special events. Pursuant to 16 V.S.A. § 255, a superintendent or headmaster shall request criminal record information for a driver of a multifunction school activity bus if the driver may be in unsupervised contact with schoolchildren.

(vii) Other multifunction school activity buses as defined in section 1287 of this title.

(B) “Type I school bus” means a school bus with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of more than 15 passengers, including the operator.

(C) “Type II school bus” means a school bus with a manufacturer's rated seating capacity of more than 10 and fewer than 16 passengers, including the operator.

(D)-(F) [Repealed.]

(35) “Sidewalk” is that portion of a street between the curb lines or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for use by pedestrians.

(36) “Single axle load” is the total load transmitted to the highway by all wheels whose centers may be included within two parallel transverse vertical planes less than 48 inches apart, extending across the full width of the vehicle.

(37) “Standard equipment” and “properly equipped” as applied to a motor vehicle shall include adequate tires, head lamps, tail lamps, lenses, reflectors, brakes, muffler, rear view mirror, windshield wiper, horns, windshield, number plate brackets, and only such motor fuel tank or tanks as are regularly installed by the manufacturer. “Standard equipment” and “properly equipped,” as applied to motor vehicles designated by the manufacturer as 1964 or later models, shall also include safety seat belts or harnesses installed in the left and right front seats of pleasure cars and windshield defroster on pleasure cars, motor trucks, and motor buses, both to be of a type approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(38) “Tandem axle load” is the total load transmitted to the highway by all wheels whose centers may be included between two parallel transverse vertical planes not less than 48 inches apart and not more than eight feet apart, extending across the full width of the vehicle. A trunnion axle, with eight wheels in line, shall be considered to be a tandem axle, except that when operated upon portions of the highways that are designated as the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways it shall be considered a single axle.

(39) “Tractor” shall include a motor vehicle designed or used primarily as a traveling power plant or for drawing other vehicles, and not so constructed as to carry any load other than a part of the weight of the vehicles and load so drawn, excepting, however, motorized highway building equipment.

(40) “Trailer” is a vehicle without motive power designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon the towing vehicle excepting, however, road making appliances and transportation dollies, and “semi-trailer” is a vehicle without motive power, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that some part of its weight and that of its load rests upon or is carried by the towing vehicle, excepting, however, pole dinkeys, transportation dollies, and road making appliances.

(41) “Trailer coach” shall mean any trailer or semi-trailer designed to be towed by a motor vehicle and designed, equipped, or used for sleeping, eating, or living quarters.

(42)(A) “Transporter” means:

(i) a person engaged in the business of delivering vehicles of a type required to be registered from a manufacturing, assembling, or distributing plant to dealers or sales agents of a manufacturer;

(ii) a person regularly engaged in the business of towing trailer coaches, owned by them or temporarily in their custody, on their own wheels over public highways, or towing office trailers owned by them or temporarily in their custody, on their own wheels over public highways;

(iii) a person regularly engaged and properly licensed for the short-term rental of “storage trailers” owned by them and who move these storage trailers on their own wheels over public highways;

(iv) a person regularly engaged in the business of moving modular homes over public highways;

(v) dealers, owners of motor vehicle auction sites, and automobile repair shop owners when engaged in the transportation of motor vehicles to and from their place of business for repair purposes; or

(vi) the following, provided that the transportation and delivery of motor vehicles is a common and usual incident to their business:

(I) persons towing overwidth trailers owned by them in connection with their business;

(II) persons whose business is the repossession of motor vehicles;

(III) persons whose business involves moving vehicles from the place of business of a registered dealer to another registered dealer, or between a motor vehicle auction site and a registered dealer or another motor vehicle auction site, leased vehicles to the lessor at the expiration of the lease, or vehicles purchased at the place of auction of an auction dealer to the purchase; and

(IV) persons who sell or exchange new or used motor vehicles but who are not engaged in business as that phrase is defined in subdivision (8)(A)(ii) of this section.

(B) As used in this subdivision (42):

(i) “Short-term rental” means a period of less than one year.

(ii) “Repossession” includes the transport of a repossessed vehicle to a location specified by the lienholder or owner at whose direction the vehicle was repossessed.

(43) “Truck crane” shall mean a motor truck equipped with a permanently mounted hoisting apparatus, winch, or derrick, designed for the moving of objects, with no provision for carrying a load on the body of such truck crane except equipment used for the operation of a hoisting apparatus, winch, or derrick.

(44) “Moving violation” means any violation of any provision of this title, while the motor vehicle is being operated on a public highway, over which operation the operator has discretion as to commission of the act, except for offenses pertaining to:

(A) a parked vehicle, equipment, size, weight, inspection, or registration of the vehicle;

(B) child restraint or safety belt systems or seat belts as required in section 1258 or 1259 of this title; or

(C) motorcycle headgear under section 1256 of this title.

(45)(A) “Motor-driven cycle” means any vehicle equipped with two or three wheels, a power source providing up to a maximum of two brake horsepower and having a maximum piston or rotor displacement of 50 cubic centimeters if a combustion engine is used, which will propel the vehicle, unassisted, at a speed not to exceed 30 miles per hour on a level road surface, and that is equipped with a power drive system that functions directly or automatically only, not requiring clutching or shifting by the operator after the drive system is engaged. As motor vehicles, motor-driven cycles shall be subject to the purchase and use tax imposed under 32 V.S.A. chapter 219 rather than to a general sales tax. Electric personal assistive mobility devices, motor-assisted bicycles, and electric bicycles are not motor-driven cycles.

(B)(i) “Motor-assisted bicycle” means any bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals and equipped with a motor that in itself is capable of producing a top speed of not more than 20 miles per hour on a paved level surface when ridden by an operator who weighs 170 pounds and either:

(I) has an internal combustion motor with a power output of not more than 1,000 watts or 1.3 horsepower; or

(II) has an electric motor with a power output of not more than 1,000 watts and does not meet the requirements of one of the three classes in subdivisions (46)(A)(i)-(iii) of this section.

(ii) Motor-assisted bicycles shall be regulated in accordance with section 1136 of this title.

(iii) Electric bicycles, as defined in subdivision (46) of this section, are not motor-assisted bicycles, as defined in subdivision (45) of this section.

(46)(A) “Electric bicycle” means a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat for the rider, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts that meets the requirements of one of the following three classes:

(i) “Class 1 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.

(ii) “Class 2 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.

(iii) “Class 3 electric bicycle” means an electric bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour.

(B) An electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle and is a vehicle to the same extent that a bicycle is a vehicle.

(C) Electric bicycles shall be regulated in accordance with section 1136a of this title.

(47) “Cooperative use transportation” means the collective nonprofit use by two or more persons of privately owned vehicles when providing transportation is not the primary business of the owner of the vehicle or driver of the vehicle, or both, but is incidental to his or her livelihood. Cooperative use shall include shared driving and shared expense; employer-owned or leased vehicles, including buses, that are operated for employee commuting purposes; and commuter services organized and arranged by employee cooperatives, labor unions, credit unions, and neighborhood groups that are operated for the convenience of their members.

(48) “License to operate a motor vehicle” means any operator's license or any other license or permit to operate a motor vehicle issued under, or granted by, the laws of this State, including:

(A) any temporary license or learner's permit;

(B) the privilege of any person to operate a motor vehicle whether or not such person holds a valid license; and

(C) any nonresident's operating privilege.

(49) “Revocation of a license” means the termination by formal action of the Commissioner of an individual's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways in which the license or privilege shall not be subject to renewal or restoration except upon an application for a new license presented to and acted upon by the Commissioner after the expiration of the applicable period of time prescribed in this title. The term also includes the refusal of the right of an unlicensed individual to apply for a license.

(50) “Suspension of license” means the withdrawal by formal action of the Commissioner, for a specific period of time and until reinstatement by the Commissioner, of a person's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways. The term also includes the refusal of the right of an unlicensed person to apply for a license.

(51) “Single-axle tow dolly” is a vehicle towed by a self-propelled motor vehicle and designed and used exclusively to transport another self-propelled motor vehicle that shall not be required to be registered and upon which the front or rear wheels of the towed self-propelled motor vehicle are mounted while the other wheels of the towed self-propelled motor vehicle remain in contact with the ground. These vehicles shall not be subject to registration or titling nor shall they be treated as a separate vehicle when used in combination with another vehicle. They shall be subject to equipment safety requirements.

(52) “Alcohol assessment screening” means an assessment of an individual's use of alcohol, which includes consideration of the results of any available tests relating to the individual's blood alcohol content, the individual's motor vehicle record, responses to an alcohol screening questionnaire approved by the Secretary of Human Services, personal interviews, and any other relevant information that is identified in any subsequent report.

(53) “Truck tractor” shall include a motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles but so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the vehicle and load so drawn.

(54) “Transportation dolly” means a vehicle towed by a motor vehicle and designed and used exclusively in the transport of buildings that are not normally transported over the highway and whose dimensions or weight, or both, would require a permit subject to engineering inspection, which consists of sets of single or double axles with wheels set in such configurations underneath the building to be moved so as to distribute the weight of the load. This vehicle shall not be subject to registration and shall be exempt from titling and so treated whether used singly or in conjunction as one separate vehicle when used in combination with another vehicle. However, all moves shall be governed by the Commissioner's rules for oversize and overdimension moves.

(55) “Unprocessed milk products” means raw milk transported in bulk when transported in a milk tank truck, semi-trailer, trailer, or combination thereof.

(56) “Full or semi-flotation applicator vehicle” means a vehicle used for the application of lime, fertilizer, or agricultural chemicals.

(57) “Month” means 30 days and “year” means 365 days.

(58) “Privilege to operate” includes the privilege of a nonresident to operate a motor vehicle within the State and includes the privilege of a resident to obtain a license.

(59) “Disqualification” means a withdrawal of the privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle.

(60) “Conviction” means an unvacated final adjudication of guilt, or a final determination that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's appearance in court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended, or probated. Conviction shall also mean a plea of guilty or nolo contendere that has been accepted by the court.

(61) “Storage trailer” means any regularly manufactured box type trailer that has been removed from normal over-the-highway service and is used solely for the storage of commodities at a fixed site for extended periods of time. When a storage trailer is moved over the public highways, it shall not contain cargo weighing more than 2,000 pounds and shall be properly equipped, in good mechanical condition, and inspectable under the provisions of section 1222 of this title, except that storage trailers need not display an inspection sticker.

(62) “New motor vehicle” means a vehicle that is being registered or titled for the first time.

(63) “Used motor vehicle” means a vehicle that previously has been registered or titled.

(64) “Commercial fleet inspection station” shall mean a company or business that has been designated by the Commissioner as an official commercial fleet inspection station, provided it has 10 or more motor vehicles registered in the name of the company or business and meets all the requirements for designation as an official inspection station. Commercial fleet inspection stations shall be authorized to inspect only those vehicles registered to the company or business.

(65) “Municipal fleet inspection station” shall mean a municipality that has been designated as an official municipal fleet inspection station, provided it has motor vehicles registered in the name of the municipality and meets all the requirements for designation as an official inspection station. Municipal fleet inspection stations shall be authorized to inspect only those vehicles registered to a municipality.

(66) “Electric personal assistive mobility device” (EPAMD) means a self-balancing, two-nontandem-wheeled device, designed to transport only one person, with an electric propulsion system with average power of 750 watts (1 h.p.).

(67) “Pedestrian” means any individual afoot or operating a wheelchair or other personal mobility device, whether motorized or not, and including an electric personal assistive mobility device.

(68) “Farm tractor” means a traveling power plant or a self-propelled device that functions as part of crop production, harvesting, feeding, or livestock management or is used for drawing a farm trailer as defined in subdivision (69) of this section. “Farm tractor” also means a self-propelled vehicle designed to perform single-purpose functions, such as land preparation, crop protection, or harvesting. The term “farm tractor” shall not include a “motor truck” as defined in subdivision (20) of this section.

(69) “Farm trailer” means a vehicle or equipment designed and adapted exclusively for tilling, planting, harvesting, management, or for carrying inputs to or outputs from agricultural, horticultural, or livestock-raising operations, or farm equipment, without motive power, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle, a farm truck, or a farm tractor, and, in any case, not subject to registration if used upon the highway.

(70) “Agricultural custom service vehicle” means a motor truck used on a farm for planting, harvesting, or transporting crops or waste products produced on the farm that is owned by a person providing custom services who is not a farmer as defined in 32 V.S.A. § 3752(7). In order to qualify as an “agricultural custom service vehicle,” a motor truck shall be registered under either subsection 367(a) or (f) of this title and shall be exempt from sections 1400 and 1400a of this title if the gross weight does not exceed 60,000 pounds. The operator of an agricultural custom service vehicle shall be exempt from the requirements of chapter 39 of this title, to the extent allowed by federal law.

(71) “Agricultural service vehicle” means a motor truck that shall be registered under subsection 367(a) of this title and is used for the purpose of transporting to or from a farm:

(A) agricultural inputs, including lime, fertilizer, commercial feed, or forages; or

(B) agricultural outputs, including milk, vegetables, fruit, horticultural crops, forages, or livestock.

(72) “Farm truck” means a motor truck that, at the option of the owner, may be registered under the provisions of subsection 367(f) of this title or may be unregistered when used in accordance with subsection 370(b) of this title.

(73) “Neighborhood electric vehicle” means a self-propelled electrically powered motor vehicle that:

(A) is emission free;

(B) is designed to carry four or fewer persons;

(C) is designed to be, and is, operated at speeds of 25 miles per hour or less;

(D) has at least four wheels in contact with the ground;

(E) has a gross vehicle weight rating less than 3,000 pounds; and

(F) conforms to the minimum safety equipment requirements as adopted in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 500, Low Speed Vehicles, 49 C.F.R. § 571.500.

(74) “Category I special purpose vehicle” means a vehicle that is used exclusively as a back hoe, bucket loader, grader, truck shovel (wheeled excavator), street sweeper, or forklift truck.

(75) “Category II special purpose vehicle” means a vehicle that is used exclusively as a truck crane, wrecker, concrete form truck, concrete pumper truck, bituminous distributor, calcium chloride distributor, full or semi-flotation applicator, well driller tender truck (these vehicles may tow a pickup truck), permanently mounted well drilling machine, road oiler, water tanker used for dust control, or a truck used to transport a building by use of a “transportation dolly” as defined in subdivision (54) of this section.

(76) “Wrecker” shall mean a motor truck equipped with a permanently mounted hoisting apparatus, winch, or derrick, designed for moving and towing motor vehicles, with no provision for carrying a load on the body of the truck except motor vehicles, parts and equipment used for the repair of motor vehicles, and equipment used for the operation of a hoisting apparatus, winch, or derrick.

(77) “Stiff hitch” shall mean a tow bar used by a self-propelled motor vehicle to tow another self-propelled motor vehicle while all the wheels of the towed vehicle remain in contact with the ground. The towed vehicle shall not be required to be registered.

(78) “Enhanced license” means an operator's license, commercial driver's license, junior operator's license, or nondriver identification card that denotes identity and citizenship and includes facilitative technology identified by the Department of Homeland Security.

(79) “Personal radio frequency identification number chip” shall mean the number assigned to the transmitting chip in an enhanced license.

(80) An “all-surface vehicle” or “ASV” means any non-highway recreational vehicle, except a snowmobile, when used for cross-country travel on trails or on any one of the following or combination of the following: land, water, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, and natural terrain. An all-surface vehicle shall be designed for use both on land and in water, with or without tracks, shall be capable of flotation and shall be equipped with a skid-steering system, a sealed body, a fully contained cooling system, and up to eight tires designed to be inflated with an operating pressure not exceeding 10 pounds per square inch as recommended by the manufacturer. An all-surface vehicle shall have a net weight of 1,500 pounds or less, shall have a width of 75 inches or less, shall be equipped with an engine of not more than 50 horsepower, and shall have a maximum speed of not more than 25 miles per hour. An ASV when operated in water shall be considered to be a motorboat and shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 29, subchapter 2 of this title. An ASV operated anywhere except in water shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 31 of this title.

(81) “Vulnerable user” means a pedestrian; an operator of highway building, repair, or maintenance equipment or of agricultural equipment; a person operating a wheelchair or other personal mobility device, whether motorized or not; a person operating a bicycle or other nonmotorized means of transportation (such as roller skates, rollerblades, or roller skis); a person operating a motor-assisted bicycle or an electric bicycle; or a person riding, driving, or herding an animal.

(82) “Portable electronic device” means a portable electronic or computing device, including a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or laptop computer. “Portable electronic device” does not include a two-way or Citizens Band radio, or equipment used by a licensed Amateur Radio operator in accordance with 47 C.F.R. Part 97.

(83) “Business day” or “working day” means any calendar day except Saturday, Sunday, or any day classified as a holiday under 1 V.S.A. § 371.

(84) “Serious bodily injury” has the meaning set forth in 13 V.S.A. § 1021.

(85) “Plug-in electric vehicle” means a motor vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system, such as from storage batteries or other portable electrical energy storage devices, provided that the vehicle can draw recharge energy from a source off the vehicle such as electric vehicle supply equipment. A “plug-in electric vehicle” includes both a “battery electric vehicle” and a “plug-in hybrid electric vehicle” where:

(A) “battery electric vehicle” means a motor vehicle that can only be powered by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system; and

(B) “plug-in hybrid electric vehicle” means a motor vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system but also has an onboard combustion engine.

(86) “On-track equipment” means any car, locomotive, rolling stock, equipment, or other device that, alone or coupled, is operated on stationary rails.

(87) “Mail,” “mail or deliver,” “mails,” “mails or delivers,” “mailing,” “mailing or delivering,” “mailed,” and “mailed or delivered” mean any method of delivery authorized by the Commissioner, which may include by hand, U.S. mail, and electronic transmission.

(88) “Towing business” means a person that regularly engages in one or more of the following: recovery, impoundment, transport, storage, or disposal of motor vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 304b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 304b
§ 304b. Conservation motor vehicle registration plates
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall, upon application, issue conservation registration plates for use only on vehicles registered at the pleasure car rate, on motorcycles, on trucks registered for less than 26,001 pounds, and on vehicles registered to State agencies under section 376 of this title, but excluding vehicles registered under the International Registration Plan. Plates so acquired shall be mounted on the front and rear of the vehicle, except that a motorcycle plate shall be mounted only on the rear of the motorcycle. The Commissioners of Motor Vehicles and of Fish and Wildlife shall determine the graphic design of the special plates in a manner that serves to enhance the public awareness of the State's interest in restoring and protecting its wildlife and major watershed areas. The Commissioners of Motor Vehicles and of Fish and Wildlife may alter the graphic design of these special plates, provided that plates in use at the time of a design alteration shall remain valid subject to the operator's payment of the annual registration fee. Applicants shall apply on forms prescribed by the Commissioner and shall pay an initial fee of $32.00 in addition to the annual fee for registration. In following years, in addition to the annual registration fee, the holder of a conservation plate shall pay a renewal fee of $32.00. The Commissioner may adopt rules under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(b) Initial fees collected under subsection (a) of this section shall be allocated as follows:

(1) 46 percent to the Transportation Fund.

(2) 27 percent to the Department of Fish and Wildlife for deposit into the Nongame Wildlife Account created in 10 V.S.A. § 4048.

(3) 27 percent to the Department of Fish and Wildlife for deposit into the Watershed Management Account created in 10 V.S.A. § 4050.

(c) Renewal fees collected under subsection (a) of this section shall be allocated as follows:

(1) 42 percent to the Department of Fish and Wildlife for deposit into the Nongame Wildlife Account created in 10 V.S.A. § 4048.

(2) 42 percent to the Department of Fish and Wildlife for deposit into the Watershed Management Account created in 10 V.S.A. § 4050.

(3) 16 percent to the Transportation Fund.

(d) The Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife is authorized to deposit fees collected by the Department of Fish and Wildlife under subsections (b) and (c) of this section into the Conservation Camp Fund when the fees collected exceed the annual funding needs of the Nongame Wildlife Account and the Watershed Management Account.
23 V.S.A. § 3013 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3013
§ 3013. Records; sales invoice; inspection
Status: in_force

(a) Each licensed user under this chapter shall keep and retain for a period of not less than three years such records as may be prescribed by the Commissioner that are reasonably necessary to substantiate the reports required by section 3014 of this title.

(b) Each sale or delivery of fuel by a dealer to a user shall be recorded on demand by the user upon a preprinted, serially numbered invoice approved in form and content by the Commissioner and delivered to the user by mail. The sales invoice shall constitute a receipt for the amount of tax collected by the dealer upon payment by the user. Copies of the sales invoices shall be retained by the user and the dealer for not less than three years. For the purposes of claiming a tax credit or refund under sections 3015 and 3020 of this title, a user with the approval of the Commissioner may submit as a receipt a record of purchases made upon which the tax was paid at the time of purchase; provided, however, that the supporting documents are available for audit purposes in readily accessible form or on readable microfilm.

(c) The Commissioner or the Commissioner's agents may examine the books and records of any distributor, dealer, or user during the usual business hours of the day to verify the truth and accuracy of any statement, report, or return or to determine if the tax imposed by this chapter has been paid. If the books and records of a nonresident licensee are not available for examination in this State, the Commissioner may request that the nonresident licensee furnish at the Commissioner's office in Montpelier the books and records the Commissioner reasonably requires. If the licensee shall be unable or unwilling to comply with the request, the Commissioner is authorized to charge the licensee a reasonable per diem fee and expenses for the auditor making the examination out of state, which shall be payable within 30 days after the mailing of a bill by the Commissioner.

(d) The Commissioner may enter into agreements with officials of other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces for the cooperative examination of licensee reports, returns, books, and records, and for the collection of fees and penalties. In performing such duties, officials of other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces shall be deemed authorized agents of the Commissioner for such purposes. The Commissioner may provide information about the receipt, storage, delivery, sale, use, or other disposition of fuel by any licensee to officials in other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces who administer fuel tax laws, provided such officials may furnish similar information to the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 3317 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3317
§ 3317. Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Penalty; $50.00 maximum. A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $50.00 for each violation:

(b) Penalty or fine; $300.00 or $1,000.00 maximum. A person who violates a requirement under 10 V.S.A. § 1454 shall be subject to enforcement under 10 V.S.A. § 8007 or 8008 or a fine under this chapter, provided that the person shall be assessed a penalty or fine of not more than $1,000.00 for each violation. A person who violates a rule adopted under 10 V.S.A. § 1424 shall be subject to enforcement under 10 V.S.A. chapter 201 or a fine under this chapter, provided that the person shall be assessed a penalty of not more than $300.00 for each violation. A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $300.00 for each violation:

(c) Fine; $300.00 maximum. A person who violates any of the following sections of this title shall be imprisoned not more than three months or fined not more than $300.00, or both, for each violation:

(d) Boating while intoxicated; privilege suspension. Any person who is convicted of violating section 3323 of this title shall have his or her privilege to operate a vessel, except a nonmotorized canoe and a nonmotorized rowboat, suspended for a period of one year and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title.

(e) Boating while intoxicated; criminal penalty. Any person who violates a provision of section 3323 of this title shall be imprisoned for not more than one year and subject to the following fines:

(1) for a first offense, not less than $200.00 nor more than $750.00; and

(2) for a second or subsequent offense, not less than $250.00 nor more than $1,000.00.

(f) Boating while intoxicated; death or serious bodily injury resulting.

(1)(A) If the death of any person results from the violation of section 3323 of this title, the person convicted shall, instead of any other penalty imposed in this section, be imprisoned not less than one year nor more than 15 years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both; but the provisions of this section shall not be construed to limit or restrict prosecutions for manslaughter.

(B) If the death of more than one person results from a violation of section 3323 of this title, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision (1) for each decedent.

(2)(A) If serious bodily injury, as defined in 13 V.S.A. § 1021(2), results to any person other than the operator from a violation of section 3323 of this title, the person convicted of the violation shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.

(B) If serious bodily injury as defined in 13 V.S.A. § 1021(2) results to more than one person other than the operator from a violation of section 3323 of this title, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision (2) for each person injured.

(g) Defective, stolen, or fraudulently registered motorboat; registration revocation or suspension. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or the Commissioner's authorized agent may suspend or revoke the registration of any motorboat registered in this State and repossess the number and certificate to it, when the Commissioner is satisfied that:

(1) a motorboat has been stolen and that the registrant does not have legal title;

(2) a motorboat is in such poor mechanical or structural condition as to make it unseaworthy;

(3) a motorboat is operated without proper equipment after the owner has been notified to procure and use such equipment as is required by law or Department rules; or

(4) the owner of a motorboat has perpetrated some fraud upon the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(h) More than two violations; education program required. Any person convicted of more than two boating violations concerning the operation of, or safety equipment on, a vessel within a two-year period shall, in addition to penalties provided for in this section, have his or her privilege to operate a vessel on the waters of this State suspended until the person has successfully completed the boating safety education program provided in section 3305b of this title. A person shall also be required to complete the program if convicted of careless or negligent operation or of operation under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The requirements of this subsection apply regardless of whether a person has completed the education program one or more times.
23 V.S.A. § 1015 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1015
§ 1015. Authorized emergency vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when responding to an emergency call or when responding to, but not returning from, a fire alarm and a law enforcement officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle in fresh pursuit of a suspected violator of the law:

(1) may park or stand contrary to the provisions of this chapter;

(2) may proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation;

(3) shall come to a full stop when approaching a school bus that is flashing red lights and may proceed only when the flashing red lights are extinguished;

(4) may exceed the maximum speed limits; and

(5) may disregard ordinances governing direction of movement or turning in specified directions.

(b) The exemptions granted to an authorized emergency vehicle apply only when the vehicle is making use of audible or visual signals meeting the requirements of this title.

(c) The foregoing provisions shall not relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons nor shall such provisions protect the driver from the consequences of his or her reckless disregard for the safety of others.

(d) The operator of a school bus, upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle as described in subsection (a) of this section, shall take action immediately to get school-children out of the public highway and to a safe place and shall thereafter extinguish the flashing red lights.
23 V.S.A. § 362 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 362
§ 362. Specialized fuel motor vehicles and motor buses
Status: in_force

(a) The annual registration fee for any specialized fuel driven motor vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(22) of this title, and of motor buses, as defined in section 3002 of this title, shall be one and three-quarters times the amount of the annual fee provided for a motor vehicle of the classification and weight under the terms of this chapter.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the annual and biennial registration fees for a pleasure car, as defined in subdivision 4(28) of this title, that is a plug-in electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85) of this title, shall be determined pursuant to section 361 of this chapter, and the annual registration fee for a motorcycle, as defined in subdivision 4(18)(A) of this title, that is a plug-in electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85) of this title, shall be determined pursuant to section 364 of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 3832 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3832
§ 3832. False report
Status: in_force

A person who knowingly makes a false report of the theft or conversion of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to an enforcement officer or to the Commissioner shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned for not more than six months, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 3809 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3809
§ 3809. Commissioner to check identification number
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, upon receiving application for a first certificate of title, shall check the identification number of the vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles shown in the application against the records of vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles required to be maintained by section 3810 of this title and against the record of stolen and converted vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles required to be maintained by section 3831 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1042 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1042
§ 1042. Restricting the use of town highways
Status: repealed

(a) The legislative body of a municipality may, with the approval of the Secretary of Transportation, designate highways and bridges under its control, except for class 1 town highways, for use by specified types of motor vehicles based on volume and type of traffic and character of the neighborhood. However, when the legislative body of a municipality requests in writing, the Secretary of Transportation may set the weight limit on a class 1 town highway at less than the State highway limit under section 1392 of this title if a reasonable alternative route is available for those vehicles traveling at the State highway limit. When a highway or bridge has been so restricted, signs shall be placed in accordance with the provisions of section 1397 of this title.

(b) In making the determination as to whether a reasonable alternative route is available, the Secretary of Transportation shall, at a minimum, consider the following factors:

(1) whether the alternative routing will reduce or relieve traffic congestion in a downtown area;

(2) whether the alternative routing will enhance safety;

(3) the length of the alternative route and any increase in time made necessary by use of the alternative route; and

(4) whether an adverse effect has been created relative to the quiet enjoyment and property values of persons living along the alternative route.

(c) Any decision of the Secretary made under this section may be appealed, in writing, to the Transportation Board within 30 days after the Secretary's decision. The Transportation Board shall decide the question within 45 days after receipt of the appeal and may take evidence or testimony.

(d) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 1025 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1025
§ 1025. Standards
Status: in_force

(a) The U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD), as amended, shall be the standards for all traffic control signs, signals, and markings within the State. Revisions to the MUTCD shall be adopted according to the implementation or compliance dates established in federal rules.

(b) To the extent consistent with federal law, projects beyond a preliminary state of design that are anticipated to be constructed within two years of the otherwise applicable effective date may be constructed according to the MUTCD standards applicable at the design stage.

(c) Existing signs, signals, and markings shall be valid until such time as they are replaced or reconstructed. When new traffic control devices are erected or placed or existing traffic control devices are replaced or repaired, the equipment, design, method of installation, placement, or repair shall conform with the MUTCD.

(d) The standards of the MUTCD shall apply for both State and local authorities as to traffic control devices under their respective jurisdiction.

(e) Traffic and control signals at intersections with exclusive pedestrian walk cycles shall be of sufficient duration to allow a pedestrian to leave the curb and travel across the roadway before opposing vehicles receive a green light. Determination of the length of the signal shall take into account the circumstances of persons with ambulatory disabilities.
23 V.S.A. § 309 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 309
§ 309. Registering motor vehicle of which applicant is not the owner
Status: in_force

A person who registers or attempts to register a motor vehicle, snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle, or motorboat of which he or she is not the bona fide owner, as defined in section 4 of this title, shall be fined not more than $500.00 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 114 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 114
§ 114. Fees
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall be paid the following fees for miscellaneous transactions:

(b) The Commissioner shall furnish the items listed in subsection (a) of this section upon a request that completely identifies the information sought or pursuant to a contract with an outside entity for purposes permitted under law, including the Driver's Privacy Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. chapter 123 as amended. For purposes of this subsection, a request that completely identifies the information sought for an individual shall mean name and date of birth, and for a vehicle shall mean either the registration number or the vehicle identification number.
23 V.S.A. § 450 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 450
§ 450. Definition
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter, “vehicle or motorboat” means a motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3301 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3301
§ 3301. Declaration of policy
Status: in_force

It is the policy of this State to promote safety for persons and property in and connected with the use, operation, and equipment of vessels and to promote uniformity of laws relating to the use, operation, and equipment of vessels.
23 V.S.A. § 1116 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1116
§ 1116. Clinging to other vehicles
Status: in_force

No person riding a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall attach himself or herself or the motorcycle or motor-driven cycle to any other vehicle on a roadway.
23 V.S.A. § 1304 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1304
§ 1304. Use
Status: in_force

If such vehicle is disabled so that it is necessary that it remain on the roadway or shoulder of the highway, the driver or other person in charge of such vehicle shall cause operating flares to be placed upon the roadway or shoulder of the highway, one approximately 100 feet in front of such vehicle, one approximately 100 feet to the rear, and one on the traffic side of the vehicle. Such flares shall remain in place until such vehicle is removed from the roadway or shoulder.
23 V.S.A. § 2027 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2027
§ 2027. Issuance of new certificate
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner, upon receipt of a properly assigned certificate of title, with an application for a new certificate of title, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner and mail to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.

(b) The Commissioner, upon receipt of an application for a new certifi- cate of title by a transferee other than by voluntary transfer, with proof of the transfer, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner. If the outstanding certificate of title is not delivered to the Commissioner, the Commissioner shall demand the outstanding certificate of title from the holder.

(c) The Commissioner shall file and retain every surrendered certificate of title pursuant to section 117 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1257 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1257
§ 1257. Eye protection
Status: in_force

If a motorcycle is not equipped with a windshield or screen, the operator of the motorcycle shall wear either eye glasses, goggles, or a protective face shield when operating the vehicle. The glasses, goggles, or face shield shall have colorless lenses when the motorcycle is being operated during the period of 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 500 feet ahead.
23 V.S.A. § 201 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 201
§ 201. Applications to be under oath
Status: in_force

All applications, all proofs that the Commissioner may require, and all requests for personal information shall be under oath or the applications and proofs shall contain and be verified by written declarations that they are made subject to the penalties prescribed in section 202 of this title. Each question and answer and each statement made in any application, or in any proof required, shall be deemed material. When an applicant is a corporation or partnership, the individual signing the application shall be considered the individual under oath or the person subject to the penalties of section 202 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1076 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1076
§ 1076. Commercial motor vehicles; railroad crossings
Status: in_force

(a) Persons operating a commercial vehicle who are not required to stop at railroad crossings shall slow to a speed sufficient to allow for a clear view of the tracks in both directions and stop before reaching the crossing if a train is approaching in either direction.

(b) Operators of commercial and noncommercial vehicles shall:

(1) allow sufficient space to drive completely through a railroad crossing without stopping;

(2) obey a traffic control device or the directions of an enforcement official at the crossing; and

(3) not attempt to cross tracks if there is insufficient undercarriage clearance.
23 V.S.A. § 3825 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3825
§ 3825. Assignment of security interest
Status: in_force

(a) A lienholder may assign, absolutely or otherwise, his or her security interest in the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to a person other than the owner without affecting the interest of the owner or the validity of the security interest, but any person without notice of the assignment is protected in dealing with the lienholder as the holder of the security interest and the lienholder remains liable for any obligations as lienholder until the assignee is named as lienholder on the certificate.

(b) The assignee may, but need not to perfect the assignment, have the certificate of title endorsed or issued with the assignee named as lienholder, upon delivering to the Commissioner the certificate and an assignment by the lienholder named in the certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes.
23 V.S.A. § 1397a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1397a
§ 1397a. Special limits for covered bridges
Status: in_force

The legislative body of a municipality where a covered bridge is located or, if parts of such a bridge are located in more than one municipality, the legislative bodies of the municipalities where a covered bridge is located acting jointly may, after consultation with the Agency of Transportation, restrict the use of the bridge to vehicles that are within limits as to one or more of the following, as they shall establish: weight, height, or width. Any limitation shall be permanently posted by the municipality, with signs that conform to the standards established by section 1025 of this title, approximately 100 feet from the approaches to the bridge and at intersections as may be required to enable operators of restricted vehicles to proceed by the most direct alternate unrestricted route.
23 V.S.A. § 3316 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3316
§ 3316. Regattas; races; marine parades; tournaments; water skiing events or exhibitions; triathlons
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Public Safety may authorize the holding of public regattas, motorboat or other vessel races, marine parades, tournaments, water skiing events, exhibitions, or triathlons on any waters of this State and any associated public roads. He or she shall adopt and may, from time to time, amend rules concerning the safety of motorboats and other vessels and individuals on these vessels, either observers or participants, and of individuals swimming, cycling, or running in or observing an event. Whenever a public regatta, motorboat or other vessel race, marine parade, tournament, water skiing event, exhibition, or triathlon is proposed to be held, the person in charge shall, at least 15 days prior to the event, file an application with the Department of Public Safety for permission to hold the regatta, motorboat or other vessel race, marine parade, tournament, water skiing event, exhibition, or triathlon. A copy of such application shall be sent to the municipality and organized lake association where the event is to be held 15 days in advance of the event to allow for comment. The application shall set forth the date, time, and location where it is proposed to hold the regatta, motorboat or other vessel race, marine parade, tournament, water skiing event, exhibition, or triathlon, and it shall not be conducted without authorization of the Department of Public Safety in writing, except that this provision shall not apply to unscheduled vessel races to which the public has not been invited.

(b) The provisions of this section shall not exempt any person from compliance with applicable federal law or regulation, but nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require the securing of a State permit if a permit has been obtained from an authorized agency of the United States.
23 V.S.A. § 3909 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3909
§ 3909. Entry into force; withdrawal-Article VIII
Status: in_force

(a) This compact shall become effective as to any state when it has been enacted into law.

(b) Any party state may withdraw from this compact by enacting a repealing statute, but no withdrawal shall take effect until six months after the executive head of the withdrawing state has given notice of the withdrawal to the executive heads of all other party states. No withdrawal shall affect the validity or applicability by the licensing authorities of states remaining party to the compact of any report of conviction occurring prior to the withdrawal.
23 V.S.A. § 1073 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1073
§ 1073. Heavy equipment
Status: in_force

(a) No individual shall operate or move any crawler-type tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller, or any equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of 10 miles per hour or less upon or across any tracks at a railroad grade crossing except in accordance with this section.

(b) Before making any crossing, the individual operating or moving any such equipment shall first stop within 50 feet of, but not nearer than 15 feet from, the nearest rail of such railroad and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along such track for any approaching train or other on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or other on-track equipment and may not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.

(c) No crossing may be made when warning is given by automatic signal, crossing gates, flagger, or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or other on-track equipment.

(d) If a flagger is provided by the railroad, movement over the crossing shall be under the flagger's direction.
23 V.S.A. § 3812 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3812
§ 3812. Mailing certificate
Status: in_force

The certificate of title shall be mailed or personally delivered, upon proper identification of the individual, to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.
23 V.S.A. § 1024 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1024
§ 1024. Flashing signals
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a flashing red or yellow signal is used in a traffic sign or signal, it requires obedience by vehicular traffic as follows:

(1) Flashing red: When a red lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers shall stop before entering the nearest crosswalk at an intersection or at a limit line when marked, or, if there are none, before entering the intersection, and the right to proceed is subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign.

(2) Flashing yellow: When a yellow lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers of vehicles may proceed through the intersection or past the signal only with caution.

(b) This section does not apply to railroad grade crossings. Conduct of drivers approaching railroad grade crossings is governed by sections 1071, 1072, and 1073 of this title.

(c) This section does not apply to operators of vehicles encountering school buses. Conduct of drivers encountering school buses is governed by section 1075 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 677 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 677
§ 677. Operating commercial motor vehicle after disqualification
Status: in_force

(a) A person who has been disqualified from holding a commercial driver's license under subsection 4116(d) of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a commercial motor vehicle upon a public highway before the commercial driver's license has been reinstated commits a civil traffic violation. A person who has been disqualified from holding a commercial driver's license under subsection 4116(a), (b), (c), or (e) of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a commercial motor vehicle on a public highway after the disqualification period has expired but prior to reinstatement commits a civil traffic violation.

(b) A person who has been disqualified from holding a commercial driver's license under subsection 4116(a), (b), (c), or (e) of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a commercial motor vehicle upon a public highway before the disqualification period has expired shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsection 674(a) of this title.

(c) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section for the third or subsequent time shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsection 674(a) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3207e — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207e
§ 3207e. Refusal to submit to test
Status: in_force

If the person refuses to submit to an evidentiary test it shall not be given, but the refusal may be introduced as evidence in a criminal proceeding.
23 V.S.A. § 3113 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3113
§ 3113. Reports of common carriers
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, upon his or her written or verbal demand, may require from common carriers within the State reports as to the shipment of motor fuels into the State.
23 V.S.A. § 3802 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3802
§ 3802. Fees
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall be paid the following fees:

(1) for filing an application for a first certificate of title, $27.00;

(2) for each security interest noted upon a certificate of title, $14.00;

(3) for a certificate of title after a transfer, $27.00;

(4) for each assignment of a security interest noted upon a certificate of title, $14.00;

(5) for a duplicate certificate of title, $27.00;

(6) for an ordinary certificate of title issued upon surrender of a distinctive certificate, $27.00;

(7) for filing a notice of security interest, $14.00;

(8) for a certificate of search of the records of the Department of Motor Vehicles for each vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle searched against, $27.00;

(9) for filing an assignment of a security interest, $14.00;

(10) for a certificate of clear title after the security interest or interests have been released, $27.00;

(11) for a corrected certificate of title, $27.00.

(b) If an application, certificate of title, or other document required to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner under any provision of this chapter is not delivered to the Commissioner within 10 days from the time it is required to be mailed or delivered, the Commissioner shall collect, as a penalty, an amount equal to the fee required for the transaction.
23 V.S.A. § 3314 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3314
§ 3314. Transmittal of information
Status: in_force

In accordance with any request duly made by an authorized official or agency of the United States, any information compiled or otherwise available to the Department of Motor Vehicles under subsection 3313(b) of this title shall be transmitted to the official or agency of the United States.
23 V.S.A. § 1435 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1435
§ 1435. Enforcement plan
Status: in_force

It is the intention of the General Assembly that the Departments of Motor Vehicles and Public Safety, in conjunction with other law enforcement entities throughout the State, produce a coordinated statewide truck enforcement, safety, and training plan. The plan shall provide for a common philosophy and approach to commercial vehicle enforcement while recognizing the different focus and responsibilities of each entity. The plan shall also provide for training of commercial vehicle enforcement officers as well as a process to ensure effective communication of information between enforcement personnel, the over dimension permitting unit, and members of the trucking industry. In addition, the plan shall provide for periodic informational meetings with municipalities, groups of municipalities, regional entities, and the general public.
23 V.S.A. § 493 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 493
§ 493. Loan of plates prohibited
Status: in_force

A transporter shall not loan a number plate issued to him or her under this article.
23 V.S.A. § 3510 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3510
§ 3510. Municipal ordinances
Status: in_force

Municipalities shall have the power to adopt ordinances pursuant to 24 V.S.A. chapter 59 for the purpose of regulating the time, manner, and location or operation of all-terrain vehicles within their limits provided the ordinances do not controvert the provisions of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 1402 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1402
§ 1402. Overweight, width, height, and length permits; fees
Status: repealed

(a) Overweight, overwidth, indivisible overlength, and overheight permits. Overweight, overwidth, indivisible overlength, and overheight permits shall be signed by the Commissioner or by the Commissioner's agent and a copy shall be kept in the office of the Commissioner or in a location approved by the Commissioner. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a copy shall also be available in the towing vehicle and must be available for inspection on demand of a law enforcement officer. Before operating a traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle, the person to whom a permit to operate in excess of the weight, width, indivisible overlength, and height limits established by this title is granted shall pay a fee of $48.00 for each single trip permit or $135.00 for a blanket permit, except that the fee for a fleet blanket permit shall be $135.00 for the first unit and $8.00 for each unit thereafter. At the option of a carrier, an annual permit for the entire fleet, to operate over any approved route, may be obtained for $135.00 for the first tractor and $8.00 for each additional tractor, up to a maximum fee of $1,000.00. The fee for a fleet permit shall be based on the entire number of tractors owned by the applicant. An applicant for a fleet permit may apply for any number of specific routes, each of which shall be reviewed with regard to the characteristics of the route and the type of equipment operated by the applicant. When the weight or size of the vehicle-load are considered sufficiently excessive for the routing requested, the Agency of Transportation shall, on request of the Commissioner, conduct an engineering inspection of the vehicle-load and route, for which a fee of $300.00 will be added to the cost of the permit if the load is a manufactured home. For all other loads of any size or with gross weight limits less than 150,000 pounds, the fee shall be $800.00 for any engineering inspection that requires up to eight hours to conduct. If the inspection requires more than eight hours to conduct, the fee shall be $800.00 plus $60.00 per hour for each additional hour required. If the vehicle and load weigh 150,000 pounds or more but not more than 200,000 pounds, the engineering inspection fee shall be $2,000.00. If the vehicle and load weigh more than 200,000 pounds but not more than 250,000 pounds, the engineering inspection fee shall be $5,000.00. If the vehicle and load weigh more than 250,000 pounds, the engineering inspection fee shall be $10,000.00. The study must be completed prior to the permit being issued. Prior to the issuance of a permit, an applicant whose vehicle weighs 150,000 pounds or more, or is 15 or more feet in width or height, shall file with the Commissioner a special certificate of insurance showing minimum coverage of $250,000.00 for death or injury to one person, $500,000.00 for death or injury to two or more persons, and $250,000.00 for property damage, all arising out of any one crash.

(b) Overlength permits. Except as provided in subsections 1432(c) and (e) of this title, it shall be necessary to obtain an overlength permit as follows:

(1) For vehicles with a trailer or semitrailer longer than 75 feet, anywhere in the State on highways approved by the Agency of Transportation. In such cases, the vehicle may be operated with a single trip overlength permit issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles for a fee of $34.00. If the vehicle is 100 feet or more in length, the permit applicant shall file with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles a special certificate of insurance showing minimum coverage of $250,000.00 for death or injury to one person, $500,000.00 for death or injury to two or more persons, and $250,000.00 for property damage, all arising out of any one crash.

(2) [Repealed.]

(c) Prepayment of permit fees. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may accept prepayments of fees under section 1400 of this title. A prepayment shall be credited to the account of the person making the prepayment and the account shall be reduced to the extent of any fees due from that person under this section; provided, however, fees may not be charged to the account in excess of the account balance. Upon oral application of any person having prepaid fees, the Commissioner may issue a permit with an identifying number, and the permit shall become effective immediately. Upon application, the Commissioner shall return any unused portion of the prepayment to the person originally making the prepayment.

(d) [Repealed.]

(e) “Low-bed” trailer permit.

(1) The Commissioner may issue an annual permit to allow the transportation of a so-called “low-bed” trailer. A “low-bed” trailer is defined as a trailer manufactured for the primary purpose of carrying heavy equipment on a flat-surfaced deck, which deck is at a height equal to or lower than the top of the rear axle group.

(2) A blanket permit may be obtained for an annual fee of $275.00 per unit, provided the total vehicle length does not exceed 75 feet, does not exceed a loaded width of 12′6″, does not exceed a total weight of 108,000 lbs., and has a height not exceeding 14 feet.

(3) Warning signs and flags shall be required if the vehicle exceeds 75 feet in length or exceeds 8′6″ in width.

(4) [Repealed.]

(f) Single trip permit; duration. A single trip permit issued under this section shall be valid for seven business days.
23 V.S.A. § 106 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 106
§ 106. Procedure upon hearings
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall determine the rules and procedure under which such hearings shall be held. On request of the Commissioner, the State's Attorney of the county where such hearing is to be held shall attend and represent the State.
23 V.S.A. § 1047 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1047
§ 1047. Vehicle turning left
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left within an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway shall yield the right of way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction that is either within the intersection or so close as to constitute an immediate hazard.

(b) A person operating a vehicle shall not turn left unless the turn can be made at a safe distance from a vulnerable user. A person who violates this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00.