23 V.S.A. § 1006c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1006c
§ 1006c. Chain requirements for vehicles with weight ratings of more than 26,000 pounds
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section, “chains” means link chains, cable chains, or another device that attaches to a vehicle's tire or wheel or to the vehicle itself and is designed to augment the traction of the vehicle under conditions of snow or ice.

(b) The Secretary of Transportation, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, or the Commissioner of Public Safety, or their designees, may require the use of tire chains on specified portions of State highways during periods of winter weather for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of more than 26,000 pounds or gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of more than 26,000 pounds.

(c) When tire chains are required, advance notice shall be given to the traveling public through signage and, whenever possible, through public service announcements. In areas where tire chains are required, there shall be an adequate area for vehicles to pull off the traveled way to affix any chains that might be required.

(d) Under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, the Traffic Committee may adopt such rules as are necessary to administer this section and may delegate this authority to the Secretary.

(e) When signs are posted and chains required in accordance with this section, chains shall be affixed as follows on vehicles with a GVWR or a GCWR of more than 26,000 pounds:

(1) Solo vehicles. A vehicle not towing another vehicle:

(A) that has a single-drive axle shall have chains on one tire on each side of the drive axle; or

(B) that has a tandem-drive axle shall have chains on:

(i) two tires on each side of the primary drive axle; or

(ii) if both axles are powered by the drive line, on one tire on each side of each drive axle.

(2) Vehicles with semitrailers or trailers. A vehicle towing one or more semitrailers or trailers:

(A) that has a single-drive axle towing a trailer shall have chains on two tires on each side of the drive axle and on one tire on the front axle and on one tire on one of the rear axles of the trailer;

(B) that has a single-drive axle towing a semitrailer shall have chains on two tires on each side of the drive axle and on two tires, one on each side, of any axle of the semitrailer;

(C) that has a tandem-drive axle towing a trailer shall have:

(i) chains on two tires on each side of the primary drive axle, or if both axles of the vehicle are powered by the drive line, on one tire on each side of each drive axle; and

(ii) chains on one tire of the front axle and on one tire on one of the rear axles of the trailer;

(D) that has a tandem-drive axle towing a semitrailer shall have:

(i) chains on two tires on each side of the primary drive axle, or if both axles of the vehicle are powered by the drive line, on one tire on each side of each drive axle; and

(ii) chains on two tires, one on each side, of any axle of the semitrailer.

(f) Either the operator of a vehicle required to be chained under this section who fails to affix chains as required in this section, or the operator's employer, shall be subject to a civil penalty of $1,000.00. If the violation results in substantially impeding the flow of traffic on a highway, the penalty shall be $2,000.00. For a second or subsequent conviction within a three-year period, the penalty shall be doubled.
23 V.S.A. § 3701 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3701
§ 3701. International Registration Plan
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles is authorized to enter into reciprocal agreements or plans on behalf of the State of Vermont with the appropriate authorities of any of the states of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any state or province of any country providing for the registration of commercial vehicles on an apportionment or allocation basis and may, in the exercise of this authority, enter into and become a member of the International Registration Plan. Any such reciprocal agreement or Plan may provide for but shall not be limited to the following:

(1) full reciprocity in accordance with such agreement or Plan for commercial vehicles not based in Vermont, operated solely in interstate commerce and of specified types or gross weights, in exchange for equivalent reciprocity for Vermont-based commercial vehicles;

(2) reciprocal exchange of audits of records of the owners of such commercial vehicles by the states participating in such agreement or Plan;

(3) any other matters that would facilitate the administration of such agreement or Plan, including exchange of information for audits, enforcement activities, and collection and disbursement of proportional registration fees for other jurisdictions in the case of Vermont-based commercial vehicles.

(b) Any reciprocity agreement, arrangement, or declaration relating to commercial vehicles in effect between this State and any jurisdiction not a party to such reciprocal agreement or Plan, or that relates to any matters not covered in such reciprocal agreement or Plan, shall continue in force and effect until specifically amended or revoked as provided by law.

(c) At such time as the State of Vermont may enter into and become a member of the International Registration Plan pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the provisions of said Plan that are concerned with the registration of any vehicle or the fees that relate to any such registration shall control whenever any provision of law conflicts with any provision of said Plan.
23 V.S.A. § 2156 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2156
§ 2156. Disposal of abandoned motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) If the Commissioner issues the certificate of abandoned motor vehicle, title to the motor vehicle shall pass to the holder of the certificate of abandoned motor vehicle, free from all claims of the owner or prior holder of the motor vehicle, and of all persons claiming through or under the owner or prior holder. The Commissioner shall issue an appropriate title or salvage title of the motor vehicle at no charge.

(b) Except for intentionally inflicted damage or gross negligence, neither the State nor any of its agents or employees shall be liable to the owner for any damage to the motor vehicle during the period in which the State retains custody.
23 V.S.A. § 4101 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4101
§ 4101. Short title
Status: in_force

This chapter may be cited as the Commercial Driver's License Act.
23 V.S.A. § 115a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 115a
§ 115a. Legislative intent; existing nondriver identification card holders
Status: in_force

It is the intent of the General Assembly that the provisions of subsection 115(g) of this title not require persons who, prior to July 1, 2004, were issued a nondriver identification card without a photograph or imaged likeness to obtain a photograph or imaged likeness after that date.
23 V.S.A. § 2505 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2505
§ 2505. Suspension or revocation of license
Status: in_force

When a person receives a number of convictions for moving violations sufficient to raise his or her point total to at least 10 points in a two-year period, the Commissioner shall initiate suspension proceedings pursuant to section 2506 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 2044 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2044
§ 2044. Assignment of security interest
Status: in_force

(a) A lienholder may assign, absolutely or otherwise, his or her security interest in the vehicle to a person other than the owner without affecting the interest of the owner or the validity of the security interest, but any person without notice of the assignment is protected in dealing with the lienholder as the holder of the security interest and the lienholder remains liable for any obligations as lienholder until the assignee is named as lienholder on the certificate.

(b) The assignee may, but need not to perfect the assignment, have the certificate of title endorsed or issued with the assignee named as lienholder, upon delivering to the Commissioner the certificate and an assignment by the lienholder named in the certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes.
23 V.S.A. § 3902 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3902
§ 3902. Findings and declaration of policy-Article I
Status: in_force

(a) The party states find that:

(1) the safety of their highways is materially affected by the degree of compliance with state and local laws relating to the operation of motor vehicles;

(2) violation of state law or municipal ordinances is evidence that the violator engages in conduct that is likely to endanger the safety of persons and property;

(3) the continuance in force of a license to drive is predicated upon compliance with laws and ordinances relating to the operation of motor vehicles, in whichever jurisdiction the vehicle is operated.

(b) It is the policy of each of the party states to:

(1) promote compliance with the laws, ordinances, and administrative rules relating to the operation of motor vehicles by their operators in each of the jurisdictions where operators drive motor vehicles;

(2) make the reciprocal recognition of licenses to drive and eligibility for licensure more just and equitable by considering the overall compliance with motor vehicle laws, ordinances, and administrative rules as a condition precedent to the continuance or issuance of any license by reason of which the licensee is authorized or permitted to operate a motor vehicle in any of the party states.
23 V.S.A. § 461 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 461
§ 461. Destruction of temporary plates
Status: in_force

Unless otherwise directed by the Commissioner, at the expiration of the period of 60 days, the purchaser shall destroy the temporary number plates.
23 V.S.A. § 2029 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2029
§ 2029. Suspension or revocation of certificate
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall suspend or revoke a certificate of title or exempt vehicle title, upon notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard in accordance with section 2004 of this chapter, if he or she finds:

(1) the certificate of title or exempt vehicle title was fraudulently procured or erroneously issued; or

(2) the vehicle has been scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed.

(b) Suspension or revocation of a certificate of title does not, in itself, affect the validity of a security interest noted on it.

(c) When the Commissioner suspends or revokes a certificate of title or exempt vehicle title, the owner or person in possession of it shall, immediately upon receiving notice of the suspension or revocation, mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner.

(d) The Commissioner may seize and impound any certificate of title or exempt vehicle title that has been canceled, suspended, or revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 1245 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1245
§ 1245. Illumination required on motorcycles
Status: in_force

The light from the front lamp of a motorcycle shall render any substantial object on the ground clearly visible at least 100 feet ahead of such motorcycle.
23 V.S.A. § 1222 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1222
§ 1222. Inspection of registered vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Except for school buses, which shall be inspected as prescribed in section 1282 of this title, and motor buses as defined in subdivision 4(17) of this title, which shall be inspected twice during the calendar year at six-month intervals, all motor vehicles registered in this State shall undergo a safety and visual emissions inspection once each year and all motor vehicles that are registered in this State and are 16 model years old or less shall undergo an emissions or on board diagnostic (OBD) systems inspection once each year as applicable. Any motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer not currently inspected in this State shall be inspected within 15 days following the date of its registration in the State of Vermont.

(b)(1) The inspections shall be made at garages or qualified service stations, designated by the Commissioner as inspection stations, for the purpose of determining whether those motor vehicles are properly equipped and maintained in good mechanical condition; provided, however, the scope of the safety inspection of a motor vehicle other than a school bus or a commercial motor vehicle shall be limited to parts or systems that are relevant to the vehicle's safe operation, and such vehicles shall not fail the safety portion of the inspection unless the condition of the part or system poses or may pose a danger to the operator or to other highway users.

(2) The charges for such inspections made by garages or qualified service stations designated to conduct periodic inspections shall be subject to the approval of the Commissioner. If a fee is charged for inspection, it shall be based upon the hourly rate charged by each official inspection station or it may be a flat rate fee, and, in either instance, the fee shall be prominently posted and displayed beside the official inspection station certificate. In addition, the official inspection station may disclose the State inspection certificate charge on the repair order as a separate item and collect the charge from the consumer.

(c) A person shall not operate a motor vehicle unless it has been inspected as required by this section and has a valid certification of inspection affixed to it. A person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5.00, which penalty shall be exempt from surcharges under 13 V.S.A. § 7282(a), if he or she is cited for a violation of this section within the 14 days following expiration of the motor vehicle inspection sticker. The month of next inspection for all motor vehicles shall be shown on the current inspection certificate affixed to the vehicle.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, an exhibition vehicle of model year 1940 or before registered as prescribed in section 373 of this title or a trailer registered as prescribed in subdivision 371(a)(1)(A) of this title shall be exempt from inspection; provided, however, the vehicle must be equipped as originally manufactured, must be in good mechanical condition, and must meet the applicable standards of the inspection manual.

(e) A vehicle used as a mail carrier under a contract with the U.S. Postal Service shall not fail inspection solely because, in converting the vehicle to be a right-hand drive vehicle, the right air bag in the front compartment has been disconnected or a nonfactory disconnect switch has been installed to disable the air bag.
23 V.S.A. § 1034 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1034
§ 1034. Passing on the right
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass upon the right of another vehicle only as follows:

(1) when the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn;

(2) upon a street or highway of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles in one or more directions and with unobstructed pavement not occupied by parked vehicles; or

(3) upon a one-way street, or upon any roadway on which traffic is restricted to one direction of movement, where the roadway is free from obstructions and of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles.

(b) In no event may a vehicle be passed by driving off the pavement or main-traveled portion of the roadway.
23 V.S.A. § 1006b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1006b
§ 1006b. Smugglers' notch; winter closure of Vermont Route 108; vehicle operation prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) Winter closure. The Agency of Transportation may close the Smugglers' Notch segment of Vermont Route 108 during periods of winter weather.

(b) Vehicle operation prohibition.

(1) Single-frame motor vehicles over 40 feet in length and tractor units with one or more attached trailers over 45 feet in total length are prohibited from operating on the Smugglers' Notch segment of Vermont Route 108.

(2) The employer of an operator who is operating a vehicle in the scope of employment and violates this subsection or the operator of a vehicle who is operating a vehicle for personal purposes and violates this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty of $1,000.00 or, if the violation results in substantially impeding the flow of traffic on Vermont Route 108, a civil penalty of $2,000.00. For a second or subsequent conviction within a three-year period, the applicable penalty shall be doubled.

(3) The prohibition in subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not apply to law enforcement, fire, emergency medical services, and search and rescue vehicles involved in training or responding to real-world incidents.

(c) Required signage. The Agency shall erect signs conforming to the standards established by section 1025 of this title to indicate the closures and restrictions authorized under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 603 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 603
§ 603. Application for and issuance of license
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Commissioner or the Commissioner's authorized agent may license operators and junior operators when an application, on a form prescribed by the Commissioner, signed and sworn to by the applicant for the license, is filed with the Commissioner, accompanied by the required license fee and any valid license from another state or Canadian jurisdiction is surrendered.

(2) The Commissioner may, however, in the Commissioner's discretion, refuse to issue a license to any person whenever the Commissioner is satisfied from information given the Commissioner by credible persons, and upon investigation, that the person is mentally or physically unfit or, because of the person's habits or record as to crashes or convictions, is unsafe to be trusted with the operation of motor vehicles. A person refused a license under the provisions of this subsection shall be entitled to hearing as provided in sections 105–107 of this title.

(3) Any new or renewal application form shall include a space for the applicant to request that a “veteran” designation be placed on his or her license certificate. An applicant who requests the designation shall provide a Department of Defense Form 214 or other proof of veteran status specified by the Commissioner.

(4) Any new or renewal application form shall provide for and request the information required in 17 V.S.A. § 2145a.

(b) Before issuing an operator's license, junior operator's license, or learner's permit to an applicant, the Commissioner shall obtain driving record information through the National Driver Register and from each state in which the person has been licensed or has been issued a learner's permit.

(c) An operator's license, junior operator's license, or learner's permit shall not be issued to an applicant whose license, learner's permit, or privilege to operate is suspended, revoked, or canceled in any jurisdiction.

(d) Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section:

(1) An applicant who is a citizen of a foreign country shall produce the applicant's passport and visa, alien registration receipt card (green card), or other proof of legal presence for inspection and copying as a part of the application process for an operator's license, junior operator's license, or learner's permit.

(2) An operator's license, junior operator's license, or learner's permit issued to an applicant who is a citizen of a foreign country shall expire coincidentally with the applicant's authorized duration of stay.

(e)(1) A citizen of a foreign country unable to establish legal presence in the United States who furnishes reliable proof of Vermont residence and of name, date of birth, and place of birth, and who satisfies all other requirements of this chapter for obtaining a license or permit, shall be eligible to obtain an operator's privilege card, a junior operator's privilege card, or a learner's privilege card.

(2) The Commissioner shall require applicants under this subsection to furnish a document or a combination of documents that reliably proves the applicant's name, date of birth, and place of birth. The Commissioner may prescribe the documents or combination of documents that meets these criteria. However, the Commissioner shall accept a combination of two or more of the following documents to establish the name, date of birth, and place of birth of an applicant:

(A) a valid foreign passport, with or without a U.S. Customs and Border Protection entry form or stamp;

(B) a valid consular identification document issued by the government of Mexico or of Guatemala or by any other government with comparable security standards and protocols, as determined by the Commissioner; and

(C) a certified record of the applicant's birth, marriage, adoption, or divorce, including a translation if necessary.

(3) The Commissioner shall require applicants under this subsection to furnish a document or a combination of documents that reliably proves the applicant's Vermont residence. The Commissioner may prescribe the documents or combination of documents that meets these criteria. However, the Commissioner shall accept the following combinations of documents as proof of Vermont residence:

(A)(i) two pieces of mail received by the applicant within the prior 30 days with the applicant's current name and residential Vermont address; and

(ii) at least one of the documents specified in subdivision (B) of this subdivision (3); or

(B) two of the following that show name and residential Vermont address:

(i) a vehicle title or registration;

(ii) a document issued by a financial institution, such as a bank statement;

(iii) a document issued by an insurance company or agent, such as an insurance card, binder, or bill;

(iv) a document issued by an educational institution, such as a transcript, report card, or enrollment confirmation;

(v) federal tax documents, such as W-2 or 1099 forms;

(vi) State tax documents, such as an IN-111; and

(vii) medical health records, receipts, or bills.

(f) Applicants able to establish lawful presence in the United States but who otherwise fail to comply with the requirements of the REAL ID Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-13, §§ 201-202, shall be eligible for an operator's privilege card, a junior operator's privilege card, or a learner's privilege card, provided the applicant furnishes reliable proof of Vermont residence and of name, date of birth, and place of birth, and satisfies all other requirements of this chapter for obtaining a license or permit. The Commissioner shall require applicants under this subsection to furnish a document or a combination of documents that reliably proves the applicant's Vermont residence and the applicant's name, date of birth, and place of birth.

(g) The Commissioner may adopt policies or rules related to the issuance of privilege cards under this section that balance accessibility with mechanisms to prevent fraud. The Commissioner shall consider adopting the appointment system procedures used in other states to prevent and deter fraud with regard to proof of residency.

(h) A privilege card issued under this section shall:

(1) on its face bear the phrase “non-Real ID” and text indicating that it is not valid for federal identification or official purposes; and

(2) expire at midnight on the eve of the second birthday of the applicant following the date of issuance or, at the option of an applicant for an operator's privilege card and upon payment of the required four-year fee, at midnight on the eve of the fourth birthday of the applicant following the date of issuance.

(i) Every applicant for or holder of a privilege card under this section shall be subject to all of the provisions of this title that apply to applicants and holders of operator's licenses, junior operator's licenses, and learner permits, except where the context clearly requires otherwise.
23 V.S.A. § 608 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 608
§ 608. Fees
Status: in_force

(a) The four-year fee required to be paid the Commissioner for licensing an operator of motor vehicles or for issuing an operator's privilege card shall be $62.00. The two-year fee required to be paid the Commissioner for licensing an operator or for issuing an operator's privilege card shall be $39.00, and the two-year fee for licensing a junior operator or for issuing a junior operator's privilege card shall be $39.00.

(b) An additional fee of $4.00 per year shall be paid for a motorcycle endorsement. The endorsement may be obtained for either a two-year or four-year period, to be coincidental with the length of the operator's license.

(c)(1) Individuals under 23 years of age who were in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age shall be provided with operator's licenses or operator privilege cards at no charge.

(2) No additional fee shall be due for a motorcycle endorsement for an individual under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age.

[Subsection (d) effective July 1, 2026.]

(d) Individuals receiving Supplemental Security Income or Social Security Disability Income and individuals with a disability as defined in 9 V.S.A. § 4501 shall be provided with operator's licenses or operator privilege cards for the following fees:

(1) Original issuance: $20.00.

(2) Renewal every four years: $20.00.

(3) Replacement of lost, destroyed, or mutilated card or a new name is required: $10.00.
23 V.S.A. § 4122 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4122
§ 4122. Deferring imposition of sentence; prohibition on masking or diversion
Status: in_force

(a) No court, State's Attorney, or law enforcement officer may utilize the provisions of 13 V.S.A. § 7041 or any other program to defer imposition of sentence or judgment if the defendant holds a commercial driver's license, commercial learner's permit, or was operating a commercial motor vehicle when the violation occurred and is charged with violating any State or local traffic law other than parking, vehicle weight, or vehicle defect violations.

(b) In accordance with 49 C.F.R. § 384.226, no court, State's Attorney, or law enforcement officer may mask or allow an individual to enter into a diversion program that would prevent a commercial learner's permit holder's or commercial driver's license holder's conviction for any violation, in any type of motor vehicle, of a state or local traffic control law other than parking, vehicle weight, or vehicle defect violations from appearing on the Commercial Driver's License Information System (CDLIS) driver record.
23 V.S.A. § 1608 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1608
§ 1608. Preservation of data [Effective July 1, 2025; see also 23 @ § 1608 effective until July 1, 2025 set out above]
Status: in_force

(a) Preservation request.

(1) A law enforcement agency or the Department of Motor Vehicles or other person with a legitimate law enforcement purpose may apply to the Criminal Division of the Superior Court for an extension of up to 90 days of the 18-month retention period established under subdivision 1607(c)(2) of this subchapter if the agency or Department offers specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the captured plate data are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal or missing persons investigation or to a pending court or Judicial Bureau proceeding involving enforcement of a crime or of a commercial motor vehicle violation. Requests for additional 90-day extensions or for longer periods may be made to the Superior Court subject to the same standards applicable to an initial extension request under this subdivision.

(2) A governmental entity making a preservation request under this section shall submit an affidavit stating:

(A) the particular camera or cameras for which captured plate data must be preserved or the particular license plate for which captured plate data must be preserved; and

(B) the date or dates and time frames for which captured plate data must be preserved.

(b) Destruction. Captured plate data shall be destroyed on the schedule specified in section 1607 of this subchapter if the preservation request is denied or 14 days after the denial, whichever is later.
23 V.S.A. § 3005 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3005
§ 3005. Dealer's and distributor's licenses; application; issuance
Status: in_force

(a) It is unlawful for any person to act as a distributor or dealer without being licensed as such.

(b) An applicant for a dealer's or distributor's license shall file by mail an application furnished by the Commissioner with the Commissioner. The application shall not be under oath but shall contain a declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury.

(c) When a licensee acts in a capacity other than that for which his or her license has been issued, he or she shall apply for additional licenses in accordance with this section.

(d) Upon the receipt of an application in proper form and the other conditions and requirements of this chapter having been complied with, the Commissioner may issue a license to an applicant that will remain in effect until such time as surrendered or revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 4116a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4116a
§ 4116a. Suspension of operating privilege
Status: in_force

(a) An individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle in the State of Vermont shall be suspended for one year if:

(1) the individual is convicted of a first violation of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a commercial motor vehicle on a highway with an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more, or under the influence, as defined in section 1218 of this title; and

(2) the individual's commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit is issued by a state or country that does not have a reciprocity agreement with the State of Vermont for the disqualification of commercial driver's licenses or permits under section 4115 of this title.

(b) An individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle in the State of Vermont shall be suspended for three years if the individual is convicted of violating subsection (a) of this section, and the violation occurred while the individual was transporting a hazardous material required to be placarded.

(c) An individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle in the State of Vermont shall be suspended for life if the individual is convicted a second time of violating subsection (a) of this section, and both convictions arise out of separate occurrences.

(d) An individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle in the State of Vermont shall be suspended for 60 days if the individual is convicted of two serious traffic violations, or for 120 days if the individual is convicted of three serious traffic violations, arising from separate incidents occurring within a three-year period.

(e) An individual's privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle in the State of Vermont shall be suspended for life if the individual uses a commercial motor vehicle in the commission of any offense under state or federal law that is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, involving the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of a regulated drug, or possession with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a regulated drug, and for which the individual was convicted.
23 V.S.A. § 4108 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4108
§ 4108. Commercial driver's license, commercial learner's permit qualification standards
Status: in_force

(a) Before issuing a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit, the Commissioner shall request the applicant's complete operating record from any state in which the applicant was previously licensed to operate any type of motor vehicle in the past 10 years and conduct a check of the applicant's operating record by querying the National Driver Register established under 49 U.S.C. § 30302, the Commercial Driver's License Information System established under 49 U.S.C. § 31309, and the Commercial Driver's License Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse established under 49 C.F.R. Part 382, Subpart G and required pursuant to 49 C.F.R. § 382.725 to determine if:

(1) the applicant has already been issued a commercial driver's license;

(2) the applicant's commercial driver's license has been suspended, revoked, or canceled;

(3) the applicant has been convicted of any offense listed in 49 U.S.C. § 30304(a)(3); or

(4) the applicant has a verified positive, adulterated, or substituted controlled substances test result; has an alcohol confirmation test with a concentration of 0.04 or higher; has refused to submit to a test in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.211; or the applicant's employer has reported actual knowledge, as defined at 49 C.F.R. § 382.107, that the applicant used alcohol on duty in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.205, used alcohol before duty in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.207, used alcohol following an accident in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.209, or used a controlled substance in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.213.

(b) The Commissioner shall not issue a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit to any individual:

(1)(A) Under 21 years of age in the case of commercial driver's licenses, except that individuals 18 years of age or older may obtain a commercial driver's license that restricts the driver to operation solely within this State.

(B) Under 18 years of age in the case of commercial learner's permits.

(2) Who, within three years of the license application and for initial applicants only, has been convicted of an offense listed in subsection 4116(a) of this title or a comparable offense in any jurisdiction, or convicted of an offense listed in 49 U.S.C. § 30304(a)(3) in any jurisdiction.

(3) Unless Vermont is the state of domicile of the individual and the individual has passed a knowledge and skills test for driving a commercial motor vehicle that complies with minimum federal standards established by federal regulation enumerated in 49 C.F.R. Part 383, subparts F, G, and H, as may be amended, and has satisfied all other requirements of 49 C.F.R. Part 380 and 49 U.S.C. Chapter 313, as may be amended, and the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-570, Title XII (Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986), as may be amended, in addition to other requirements imposed by State law or federal regulation. The tests shall be prescribed and conducted by the Commissioner.

(4) Who has a verified positive, adulterated, or substituted controlled substances test result; has an alcohol confirmation test with a concentration of 0.04 or higher; has refused to submit to a test in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.211; or for whom an employer has reported actual knowledge, as defined in 49 C.F.R. § 382.107, that the applicant used alcohol on duty in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.205, used alcohol before duty in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.207, used alcohol following an accident in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.209, or used a controlled substance in violation of 49 C.F.R. § 382.213.

(c) The Commissioner may authorize a person, including an agency of this or another state, an employer, a private driver training facility, or other private institution, or a department, agency, or instrumentality of local government, to administer the skills test specified by this section, provided:

(1) the test is the same as would otherwise be administered by the State; and

(2) the third party has entered into an agreement with this State that complies with requirements of 49 C.F.R. § 383.75.

(d) At the discretion of the Commissioner, the knowledge test and the skills test required under 49 C.F.R. §§ 383.113 and 383.133, as amended, and the tests required for a passenger endorsement or a tank vehicle endorsement or a hazardous materials endorsement under 49 C.F.R. § 383.117, 383.119, or 383.121, as amended, may be waived for a commercial motor vehicle driver with military commercial motor vehicle experience who is currently licensed at the time of his or her application for a commercial driver's license, if the test is substituted with an applicant's driving record in combination with the driving experience specified in this subsection. The Commissioner shall impose conditions and limitations to restrict the applicants from whom alternative requirements for the skills test may be accepted. Such conditions shall include the following:

(1) the applicant must certify that, during the two-year period immediately prior to applying for a commercial driver's license, he or she:

(A) has not had more than one license in addition to a military license;

(B) has not had any license suspended, revoked, or cancelled;

(C) has not had any convictions for any type of motor vehicle for the disqualifying offenses specified in subsection 4116(a) of this title;

(D) has not had more than one conviction for any type of motor vehicle for serious traffic violations specified in subdivision 4103(16) of this title; and

(E) has not had any conviction for a violation, other than a parking violation, of military, state, or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control arising in connection with any crash, and has no record of a crash in which he or she was at fault; and

(2) the applicant must provide evidence and certify that he or she:

(A) is regularly employed or was regularly employed within the last 12 months in a military position requiring operation of a commercial motor vehicle;

(B) was exempted from the commercial driver's license requirements in 49 C.F.R. § 383.3(c); and

(C) was operating for at least the two years immediately preceding discharge from the military a vehicle representative of the commercial motor vehicle the driver applicant operates or expects to operate.

(e) Obtaining a commercial learner's permit is a precondition to the initial issuance of a commercial driver's license. The issuance of a commercial learner's permit also is a precondition to the upgrade of a commercial driver's license if the upgrade requires a skills test. A permit may be issued to an individual who holds a valid Vermont driver's license who has passed the vision and written tests required for the class of license authorizing the operation of the type of vehicle for which the permit application is being made. A commercial learner's permit holder is not eligible to take the commercial driver's license skills test in the first 14 days after initial issuance of the commercial learner's permit. A permit shall be issued for a period of one year, and only one renewal or reissuance of a commercial learner's permit may be granted within a two-year period.

(f) The fee for a knowledge test and the fee for a skills test shall each be $39.00. The fee for an endorsement test shall be $17.00. In the event that an applicant fails a test three times, the applicant may not take the test again for at least six months. A fee of $29.00 shall be paid by the applicant before the applicant may schedule a skills test. If an applicant does not appear for the scheduled skills test, the $29.00 scheduling fee is forfeited, unless the applicant has given the Department of Motor Vehicles at least 48 hours' notice of cancellation of the test. If the applicant appears for the skills test, the $29.00 scheduling fee for that test will be used as part of the test fee. Use of an interpreter is prohibited during the administration of the knowledge or skills tests.

(g) A commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit may not be issued to an individual while the individual is subject to a disqualification from driving a commercial motor vehicle or while the individual's driver's license is suspended, revoked, or cancelled in any state. A driver's license may not be issued to an individual who has a commercial driver's license issued by any state unless the individual first surrenders all driver's licenses issued by any state, which licenses shall be returned to the issuing states for cancellation.

(h) An individual shall be entitled to take the test for a commercial driver's license unless his or her driver's license is, at the time of the requested test, suspended, revoked, cancelled, or disqualified in any other state.
23 V.S.A. § 1224 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1224
§ 1224. Inspection certificates
Status: in_force

For each inspection certificate issued by the Department, the designated station shall pay the Commissioner the fee required under section 1230 of this title. All unused inspection certificates and number tabs shall be returned to the Department within two months of the certificate's expiration date. A designated inspection station shall receive a refund for each unused certificate returned during the two-month period. If the station's designation is revoked or suspended under section 1228 of this title, the station shall return all unused certificates to the Department and shall not receive a refund.
23 V.S.A. § 3307 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3307
§ 3307. Exemption from Vermont numbering provisions
Status: in_force

(a) A motorboat is not required to have a Vermont number under this chapter if it is:

(1) already covered by a number in effect that has been awarded to it under federal law or a federally approved numbering system of another state if the boat has not been within the State for more than 60 days;

(2) a motorboat from a country other than the United States if the boat has not been within the State for more than 60 days;

(3) a motorboat owned by a state or subdivision of a state and used principally for governmental purposes and that is clearly identifiable as such, provided that the state or subdivision has jurisdiction over the motorboat and follows the guidance of 33 C.F.R. § 173.19;

(4) a vessel's lifeboat;

(5) licensed, numbered, or otherwise registered under New Hampshire laws for operation on waters in that state, but only when it is operated on such parts of the Connecticut River and impoundments of the river as may lie in Vermont and only when and to the same extent as New Hampshire laws allow motorboats licensed, numbered, or otherwise recognized by Vermont laws as being registered for lawful operation on waters within Vermont to be operated on such parts of the Connecticut River and impoundments of the river as may be in New Hampshire; or

(6) a motorboat that has a valid marine document issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or any successor federal agency.

(b) Any exemptions provided in this section shall apply to an owner or operator of a motorboat only to the extent that under the laws of the foreign country or state of his or her residence like exemptions and privileges are granted to operators and owners of motorboats duly registered under the laws of this State.

(c) Failure to meet one of the exemptions of this section will require registration and numbering in Vermont.
23 V.S.A. § 1748 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1748
§ 1748. Collection record
Status: in_force

The court shall retain all such signed statements for a period of two years from the date thereof and shall keep a record, available to the public at any reasonable time, of all money collected and all other official acts done in connection therewith.
23 V.S.A. § 1006a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1006a
§ 1006a. Highways; emergency closure
Status: in_force

(a) The Traffic Committee may close any part or all of any State highway to public travel to protect the health, safety, or welfare of the public. In such event, the Agency may maintain a detour comprising State or town highways, or both, around the closed section. If the Agency maintains a detour on a town highway, it shall be responsible for repairing any damage to the town highway caused by the detoured traffic.

(b) The Traffic Committee may establish a temporary speed limit within that portion of the State highways that is being reconstructed or maintained. The limit shall be effective when appropriate signs stating the limit are erected.

(c) Under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, the Traffic Committee shall adopt such rules as are necessary to administer this section and may delegate this authority to the Agency of Transportation.

(d) Notwithstanding the maximum penalty established in section 2302 of this title and the waiver penalties established under 4 V.S.A. § 1102(d), the civil penalty for violating a speed limit established under subsection (b) of this section shall be twice the penalty for a non-worksite speed limit violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1101 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1101
§ 1101. Stopping, standing, or parking
Status: in_force

(a) No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the paved or main-traveled part of the highway or within that portion of a highway right of way that the Traffic Committee finds to be a dangerous location on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation and designates as a no-parking zone by suitable signs at each end, and by such additional signs as the Committee may determine.

(b) Where parking is permitted, at all times an unobstructed width of the highway opposite a standing vehicle shall be left for the free passage of other vehicles and a clear view permitted of any stopped vehicles from a distance of 200 feet in each direction upon the highway.

(c) This section does not apply to any vehicle that is disabled while on the paved or main-traveled portion of a highway in a manner and to the extent that it is impossible or impractical to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving the disabled vehicle in that position, nor to stopping at a railroad grade crossing.
23 V.S.A. § 1098 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1098
§ 1098. Disposition of pending cases
Status: in_force

(a) The Judicial Bureau shall enter judgment against the defendant in all cases in which:

(1) prior to January 1, 2007, the defendant filed an answer admitting or not contesting the violation;

(2) the defendant paid all or a portion of the fine, penalty, or surcharge; and

(3) the issuing officer did not file the original complaint prior to July 1, 2007.

(b) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, with respect to any judgment entered pursuant to this section, the Judicial Bureau shall immediately seal the record and shall not report the judgment to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Any funds received by the Judicial Bureau for judgments under this section shall be deposited in the Court Technology Special Fund up to $150,000.00, and the balance to be deposited to the Municipal Ticket Repayment Revolving Fund defined in 4 V.S.A. § 28.

(c) The Judicial Bureau shall dismiss the action in all cases in which:

(1) the defendant filed an answer denying or contesting the violation prior to January 1, 2007; and

(2) the issuing officer did not file the original complaint prior to July 1, 2007.
23 V.S.A. § 3502 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3502
§ 3502. Registration and Trail Access Decal (TAD) required; exceptions
Status: repealed

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, an individual shall not operate an ATV on the VASA Trail System, on State land designated by the Secretary pursuant to subdivision 3506(b)(4) of this title, or along any highway that is not adjacent to the property of the operator unless the ATV:

(A) is registered pursuant to this title or in accordance with subsection (e) of this section; and

(B) displays a valid VASA Trail Access Decal (TAD).

(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, neither registration nor display of a TAD is required to operate an ATV:

(A) on the property of the owner of the ATV;

(B) in a ski area, off the highway, for the purpose of grooming snow, maintenance, or in rescue operations;

(C) for official use by a federal, State, or municipal agency if the ATV is identified with the name or seal of the agency in a manner approved by the Commissioner; or

(D) on privately owned land when the operator is specifically invited to do so by the owner of the property and carries the written consent of the owner.

(E) [Repealed.]

(3) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, an operator may operate an ATV without a TAD displayed if the operator possesses a completed TAD form processed electronically within the prior 10 days that is either printed out or displayed on a portable electronic device. Use of a portable electronic device to display a completed TAD form does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device.

(4) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection and subdivision 3506(b)(16) of this title, neither the display of a TAD nor the use of protective headgear is required to operate an ATV on frozen bodies of water as designated by the Agency of Natural Resources under the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 2607.

(b) The provisions of section 305 of this title shall apply to a registration, except the registration of a vehicle registered under subsection 3504(b) of this title shall become void on the last day of February next following the date of issue.

(c) The possession of a valid TAD or registration of an ATV does not constitute a license to operate an ATV on public or private lands, even if temporarily while crossing the public or private lands.

(d) An ATV that does not comply with the provisions of this chapter shall not be registered by the Commissioner.

(e) An ATV owned by a person who is a resident of any other state or province shall be deemed to be properly registered for the purposes of this chapter if it is registered in accordance with the laws of the state or province in which its owner resides. An operator who is a resident of any other state or province shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter while operating an ATV within this State, including possessing a valid TAD in the same circumstances that a resident of this State is required to possess a valid TAD.
23 V.S.A. § 3833 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3833
§ 3833. Dismantling or destruction of vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Except for vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles for which no certificate of title is required pursuant to section 3807 of this title, any person who purchases or in any manner acquires a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as salvage who scraps, dismantles, or destroys a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, or any insurance company or representative of an insurance company who declares a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle to be a total loss, shall make application for a salvage certificate of title within 15 days of the time the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is purchased or otherwise acquired as salvage, scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed, or declared a total loss. The application shall be accompanied by:

(1) any certificate of title; and

(2) any other information or documents that the Commissioner may reasonably require to establish ownership of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and the existence or nonexistence of any security interest in the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(b) When a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is destroyed by crushing for scrap, the person causing the destruction shall immediately mail or deliver to the Commissioner the certificate of title, if any, endorsed “crushed” and signed by the person, accompanied by the original plate showing the original identification number. The plate shall not be removed until such time as the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is crushed.

(c) This section shall not apply to, and salvage certificates shall not be required for, unrecovered stolen vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles or vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles stolen and recovered in an undamaged condition, provided that the original vessel, snowmobile, or all terrain vehicle identification number plate has not been removed, altered, or destroyed, and the number on the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is identical with that on the original title certificate.
23 V.S.A. § 1201c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1201c
§ 1201c. Calculation of suspensions and revocations
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any direction or order from any person or entity to the contrary, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall calculate, in accordance with applicable statutes and rules, the duration of suspensions; whether and when revocations, suspensions, and reinstatements shall occur; and all other required actions and calculations.
23 V.S.A. § 617 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 617
§ 617. Learner's permit
Status: in_force

(a) Any Vermont resident 15 years of age or over, but under 18 years of age, who has no convictions under section 601, 674, 676, 1091, 1094, 1128, 1133, or 1201 of this title, suspensions under section 1205 of this title, or civil traffic violations under section 1216 of this title in the previous two years, or any Vermont resident 18 years of age or over, may apply to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for a learner's permit in the form prescribed by the Commissioner. A nonresident may be issued a learner's permit if the permit is required for purposes of participation in a driver education and training course. After the applicant has successfully passed all parts of the driver's license examination other than the driving test, the Commissioner may issue to the applicant a learner's permit that entitles the applicant, subject to section 615 of this title, to operate a motor vehicle upon the public highways for a period of two years from the date of issuance. Any learner's permit may be renewed. This section shall not affect section 602 of this title.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any licensed person may apply to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for a learner's permit for the operation of a motorcycle in the form prescribed by the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall offer both a motorcycle learner's permit that authorizes the operation of three-wheeled motorcycles only and a motorcycle learner's permit that authorizes the operation of any motorcycle. The Commissioner shall require payment of a fee of $24.00 at the time application is made, except that no fee shall be charged for an individual under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age.

(2) After the applicant has successfully passed all parts of the applicable motorcycle endorsement examination, other than a skill test, the Commissioner may issue to the applicant a learner's permit that entitles the applicant, subject to subsection 615(a) of this title, to operate a three-wheeled motorcycle only, or to operate any motorcycle, upon the public highways for a period of 120 days from the date of issuance. The fee for the examination shall be $11.00, except that no fee shall be charged for an individual under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age.

(3) A motorcycle learner's permit may be renewed only twice upon payment of a $24.00 fee. An individual under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age shall not be charged a fee for the renewal of a motorcycle learner's permit.

(4) If, during the original permit period and two renewals the permittee has not successfully passed the applicable skill test or motorcycle rider training course, the permittee may not obtain another motorcycle learner's permit for a period of 12 months from the expiration of the permit unless:

(A) the permittee has successfully completed the applicable motorcycle rider training course; or

(B) the learner's permit and renewals thereof authorized the operation of any motorcycle and the permittee is seeking a learner's permit for the operation of three-wheeled motorcycles only.

(5) This section shall not affect section 602 of this title.

(c) No learner's permit may be issued to any person under 18 years of age unless the parent or guardian of, or a person standing in loco parentis to, the applicant files written consent to the issuance with the Commissioner.

(d)(1) An applicant shall pay $24.00 to the Commissioner for each learner's permit or a duplicate or renewal thereof.

(2) An applicant under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age shall not be charged a fee for a learner's permit or a duplicate or renewal thereof.

(3) A replacement learner's permit for the operation of a motorcycle may be generated from the applicant's electronic account for no charge.

(e)(1) A learner's permit for the operation of a motorcycle shall contain a photograph or imaged likeness of the individual. A learner's permit for a motor vehicle shall contain a photograph or imaged likeness of the individual if the permit is obtained in person.

(2) An individual issued a permit under this subsection may renew the individual's permit by mail or online, but a permit holder who chooses to have a photograph or imaged likeness under this subsection must renew in person so that an updated imaged likeness of the individual is obtained not less often than once every nine years.

(f)(1) The Commissioner may authorize motorcycle rider training instructors to administer a motorcycle endorsement examination for three-wheeled motorcycles only or for any motorcycle, or a motorcycle skill test for three-wheeled motorcycles only or for any motorcycle, or any of these. Upon successful completion of the applicable examination or test, the instructor shall issue to the applicant either a temporary motorcycle learner's permit or notice of motorcycle endorsement, as appropriate. The instructor shall immediately forward to the Commissioner the application and fee together with such additional information as the Commissioner may require.

(2) The Commissioner shall maintain a list of approved in-state and out-of-state motorcycle rider training courses, successful completion of which the Commissioner shall deem to satisfy the skill test requirement. This list shall include courses that provide training on three-wheeled motorcycles.
23 V.S.A. § 301 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 301
§ 301. Persons required to register
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section:

(1) “Resident” means an individual living in the State who intends to make the State the individual's place of domicile either permanently or for an indefinite number of years.

(2) “Temporary resident” means an individual living in the State for a particular purpose involving a defined period, including students, migrant workers employed in seasonal occupations, and individuals employed under a contract with a fixed term, provided that the motor vehicle will be used in the State on a regular basis.

(b) Residents, except as provided in chapter 35 of this title, shall annually register motor vehicles owned or leased for a period of more than 30 days and operated by them, unless currently registered in Vermont.

(c) Temporary residents and foreign partnerships, firms, associations, and corporations having a place of business in this State may annually register motor vehicles owned or leased for a period of more than 30 days and operated by them or an employee.

(d) Notwithstanding this section, a resident who has moved into the State from another jurisdiction shall register the resident's motor vehicle within 60 days after moving into the State.

(e) An individual shall not operate a motor vehicle nor draw a trailer or semi-trailer on any highway unless the vehicle is registered as provided in this chapter. Vehicle owners who have apportioned power units registered in this State under the International Registration Plan are exempt from the requirement to register their trailers in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 1013 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1013
§ 1013. Authority of enforcement officers
Status: in_force

Enforcement officers may make arrests for violation of this title; may direct, control, and regulate traffic; and may make reasonable orders in enforcement of this title or to prevent or alleviate traffic congestion, property damage, or personal injury. No person may knowingly fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any enforcement officer.
23 V.S.A. § 3213 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3213
§ 3213. Proof of payment of tax
Status: in_force

(a) No license, permits, registration, or similar authorization to own or operate any snowmobile shall be issued under this subchapter until proof of payment of or exemption from the tax imposed by 32 V.S.A. chapter 233 has been established in the manner prescribed by the Commissioner of Taxes.

(b) A current or expired registration certificate or other acceptable proof from the state or province of residence shall suffice as proof of payment of the tax referred to in subsection (a) of this section for persons applying for nonresident registration in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 3504 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3504
§ 3504. Registration fees and plates
Status: in_force

(a) The registration fee for all-terrain vehicles other than as provided for in subsection (b) of this section is $45.00. Duplicate registration certificates may be obtained upon payment of $6.00 to the Department.

(b) Any person engaged in the business of selling or exchanging all-terrain vehicles, as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title, shall register and obtain registration certificates and identifying number plates subject to rules that may be adopted by the Commissioner and to the requirements of chapter 7 of this title. A manufacturer of all-terrain vehicles may register and obtain registration certificates and identifying number plates under this section. Plates shall be valid for the following purposes only: testing; adjusting; demonstrating; temporary use of customers for a period not to exceed seven days; private business or pleasure use of the person or members of his or her immediate family; and use at fairs, shows, or races when no charge is made. Fees for registration and registration certificates shall be $62.00 for the first certificate issued to any person and $6.00 for any additional certificate issued to the same person within the current registration period. Fees for temporary number plates shall be $5.00 for each plate issued.
23 V.S.A. § 3906 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3906
§ 3906. Applications for new licenses-Article V
Status: in_force

Upon application for a license to drive, the licensing authority in a party state shall determine whether the applicant has ever held, or is the holder of, a license to drive issued by any other party state. The licensing authority in the state where application is made shall not issue a license to drive to the applicant if:

(1) the applicant has held a license, but the same has been suspended by reason, in whole or in part, of a violation and if the suspension period has not terminated;

(2) the applicant has held a license, but it has been revoked by reason, in whole or in part, of a violation; and if the revocation has not terminated, except that after the expiration of one year from the date the license was revoked, the person may make application for a new license if permitted by law. The licensing authority may refuse to issue a license to the applicant if after investigation, the licensing authority determines that it will not be safe to grant to the person the privilege of driving a motor vehicle on the public highways;

(3) the applicant is the holder of a license to drive issued by another party state and currently in force unless the applicant surrenders the license.
23 V.S.A. § 1452 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1452
§ 1452. Securing loads of wood or wood products
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section:

(1) “Load” means the total of wood or wood products being carried.

(2) “Tier” means the total vertical height of all wood or wood products arranged individually or in layers, or in bundles placed one above the other.

(3) “Binding” means chain, wire rope, steel cable, steel strapping, or nylon webbing together with tightening device.

(b) A person may not operate a motor truck, truck tractor, trailer, or semi-trailer on a public highway carrying wood or wood products unless the load is securely fastened to the vehicle and each load or tier up to a length of five feet inclusive shall be fastened with one binding; if the length exceeds five feet but does not exceed 10 feet, it shall be fastened with two bindings; if the length exceeds 10 feet, it shall be fastened with three bindings.

(c) The ends of any bindings, whether the vehicle is loaded or unloaded, shall be so secured that loose ends do not endanger pedestrians, motorists, or other vehicles using the highway.

(d) Any bindings used for securing loads of wood or wood products as required under this section shall have a capacity of at least 2,750 pounds working load limit as rated by the manufacturer.

(e) This section shall not be construed to include a truck transporting lumber, wood, or sawmill wastes, when transported in a box-type body with solid sides, provided that such truck is not loaded higher than its side-boards.
23 V.S.A. § 3021 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3021
§ 3021. General powers of Commissioner
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall have the authority to administer and enforce the provisions of this chapter.

(b) In addition to the powers specifically granted to the Commissioner in this chapter, he or she may:

(1) Make, amend, and repeal rules under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 as limited by this chapter and prescribe forms appropriate to the purposes of this chapter.

(2) Delegate to any officer or employee in his or her Department powers he or she may deem necessary to carry out efficiently the provisions of this chapter, and the person or persons to whom the power has been delegated shall possess and may exercise all of the power and perform all of the duties conferred and imposed upon the Commissioner.

(3) With the approval of the Governor and Secretary, enter into agreement with other states, the District of Columbia, and Canadian provinces, providing for the reciprocal enforcement of the fuel use tax laws imposed by the states or provinces entering into such an agreement, which agreement may empower the duly authorized officer of any contracting state or province, which extends like authority to officers or employees of this State, to sue for the collection of that state's or province's fuel use taxes in the courts of this State. The agreement is allowed to conflict with sections 3007, 3009, and 3014 through 3019 of this title and the agreement shall govern licensees covered by the agreement.

(4) Hold hearings, cause depositions to be taken, administer oaths, and examine under oath any person relating to his or her business or relating to any matter under this chapter. This chapter shall also apply to any person who the Commissioner has reason to believe is liable for the payment of a tax.

(5) Compel the attendance of witnesses and order the production of any relevant books, records, papers, vouchers, accounts, or other documents of any person the Commissioner has reason to believe is liable for the payment of a tax or of any person believed to have information pertinent to any matter under investigation by the Commissioner at any hearing held under this chapter. The fees for travel and attendance of witnesses summoned or used by the Commissioner and fees for officers shall be the same as for witnesses and officers before a court and shall be paid by the State upon presentation of proper bills of cost to the Commissioner of Finance and Management, but no fees or expenses shall be payable to a witness charged with a use tax liability.

(c) Any examination under oath conducted by the Commissioner may, in his or her discretion, be reduced to writing and willful false testimony shall be deemed perjury and be punishable as such.

(d) Any Superior judge upon application of the Commissioner may compel the attendance of witnesses, the giving of testimony, and the production of any books, records, papers, vouchers, accounts, or documents before the Commissioner in the same manner, to the same extent, and subject to the same penalties as if before a Superior Court.

(e) When under the laws of any other state, any taxes, fines, penalties, licenses, fees, deposits, or other obligations or prohibitions, additional to any imposed by this State upon any class of private or public motor vehicles not registered in such state are imposed upon any class of private or public motor vehicles in this State and their owners and operators traveling upon the public highways of such state, the same or similar taxes, fines, penalties, licenses, fees, deposits, or other obligations or prohibitions may be imposed upon all similar classes of private or public motor vehicles registered in such state and traveling upon the public highways of this State so long as such laws shall remain in force. The Commissioner shall determine the method of reciprocity.

(f) In the event of a natural disaster that causes or may cause substantial damage or injury to persons or property, the Commissioner may waive the licensing requirements of sections 415 and 3007 of this title for emergency response units.
23 V.S.A. § 1104 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1104
§ 1104. Stopping prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) Except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic, or in compliance with law or the directions of an enforcement officer or official traffic-control device, no person may:

(1) Stop, stand, or park a vehicle:

(A) on the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street;

(B) on a sidewalk;

(C) within an intersection;

(D) on a crosswalk;

(E) alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic;

(F) upon any bridge or other elevated structure or within a highway tunnel;

(G) on any railroad tracks; or

(H) at any place where official signs prohibit stopping.

(2) Stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except momentarily to pick up or discharge a passenger:

(A) in front of a public or private driveway;

(B) within six feet of a fire hydrant;

(C) within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection;

(D) within 30 feet upon the approach to any flashing signal, stop sign, or traffic control light located at the side of a roadway;

(E) within 20 feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and on the side of a street opposite and within 75 feet of the entrance to any fire station, when properly signposted; or

(F) at any place where official signs prohibit standing.

(3) Park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading merchandise or a passenger:

(A) within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing;

(B) at any place where official signs prohibit parking; or

(C) at any place where official signs restrict parking at an electric vehicle charging station and the vehicle violates the restrictions.

(b) No person may move a vehicle not lawfully under his or her control into any prohibited area or an unlawful distance away from a curb.
23 V.S.A. § 703 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 703
§ 703. Possession of license
Status: in_force

Each person granted a driver's training school license shall display the same conspicuously on the school premises. Each person granted an instructor's license shall carry the same in the person's possession while engaged in giving driver training. In case of loss, mutilation, or destruction of a license certificate, the Commissioner shall issue a duplicate certificate upon payment of a fee of $10.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1049 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1049
§ 1049. Vehicle entering from private road
Status: in_force

The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from an alley, building, private road, or driveway shall yield the right of way to all vehicles and vulnerable users approaching on the highway.
23 V.S.A. § 3315 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3315
§ 3315. Water skis and surfboards
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in this subsection, an individual shall not operate a vessel on any waters of this State to tow an individual or individuals on water skis, aquaplane, kite skis, wakeboard, kneeboard, or similar device unless the individual being towed is wearing a U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device and unless there is in the vessel an individual who is at least 12 years of age, in addition to the operator, in a position to observe the progress of the individual or individuals being towed. Individuals engaged in barefoot waterskiing may elect at their own risk to wear a non-Coast Guard-approved barefoot wetsuit designed specifically for this activity. An observer shall not be required if the vessel is:

(1) a tow boat approved by the American Water Ski Association and equipped with a wide-angle mirror having a viewing surface of at least 48 square inches;

(2) being operated by an individual who is at least 18 years of age; and

(3) being operated within an American Water Ski Association regulation slalom course.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section do not apply to a performer engaged in a professional exhibition nor to an individual engaged in an activity authorized under section 3316 of this title.

(c) An individual shall not operate or manipulate any vessel, tow rope, or other device by which the direction or location of water skis, a surfboard, or similar device may be affected or controlled in such a way as to cause the water skis, surfboard, or similar device or any individual thereon to approach within 100 feet of an individual swimming or a canoe, rowboat, or other light craft conveying any individual. This subsection does not prohibit necessary mooring or landing or leaving shore.

(d) The Commissioner may designate areas less than 200 feet from the shoreline of a body of water, other than a river, to allow for the operation of a motorboat used for the purpose of towing an individual or individuals on water skis, aquaplane, kite skis, surfboard, or similar device. The Commissioner shall adopt rules to establish criteria governing the designation of such areas and conditions that may be placed on the designated areas. The Commissioner may consider safety, potential environmental damage, the impact on adjacent areas and uses, and any other related concerns.
23 V.S.A. § 3106 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3106
§ 3106. Imposition, rate, and payment of tax
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Except for sales of motor fuels between distributors licensed in this State, which sales shall be exempt from the taxes and assessments authorized under this section, unless exempt under the laws of the United States at the time of filing the report required by section 3108 of this title, each distributor shall pay to the Commissioner:

(A) a tax of $0.121 upon each gallon of motor fuel sold by the distributor; and

(B) the following assessments:

(i) a motor fuel transportation infrastructure assessment that is the greater of:

(I) $0.0396; or

(II) two percent of the tax-adjusted retail price upon each gallon of motor fuel sold by the distributor; and

(ii) a fuel tax assessment, which shall be used exclusively for transportation purposes and not be transferred from the Transportation Fund, that is the greater of:

(I) $0.134 per gallon; or

(II) four percent of the tax-adjusted retail price or $0.18 per gallon, whichever is less, upon each gallon of motor fuel sold by the distributor.

(2) For the purposes of subdivision (1)(B) of this subsection:

(A) The tax-adjusted retail price applicable for a quarter shall be the average of the retail price for regular gasoline collected and determined to three decimal places and published by the Department of Public Service for each of the three months of the preceding quarter after all federal and State taxes and assessments, and the petroleum distributor licensing fee established by 10 V.S.A. § 1942, applicable in each month have been subtracted from that month's retail price. Calculations of the tax-adjusted retail price applicable for a quarter shall be permanently maintained on the website of the Department of Public Service.

(B) In calculating assessment amounts under subdivisions (a)(1)(B)(i)(II) and (a)(1)(B)(ii)(II) of this section, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall calculate the amounts to four decimal places. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall permanently retain the records of its calculations, any corrections to the calculations, and the data that are the basis for the calculations.

(3) The consolidated Executive Branch fee report and request for transportation made pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 605(b)(1) may recommend an adjustment in the tax specified in subdivision (1)(A) of this subsection to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers.

(4) The distributor shall also pay to the Commissioner the tax and assessments specified in this subsection upon each gallon of motor fuel used within the State by him or her.

(5) Monies collected on the sales and use of aviation gasoline pursuant to this subsection shall be used exclusively for aviation purposes consistent with 49 U.S.C. § 47133 and Federal Aviation Administration regulations and policies.

(b) On or before the due date established by section 3108 of this title, payment of taxes due as shown by a report required by this chapter shall be transmitted to the Department of Motor Vehicles by means of an electronic funds transfer payment.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, and subdivision 1220a(b)(3) of this title, all taxes, interest, and penalties collected by the Department of Motor Vehicles under this chapter shall be paid to the State Treasurer and credited to the Transportation Fund.

(d) Since many nonresidents and residents drive to outdoor areas of Vermont in order to view our natural resources, to hunt and fish, and to use our natural resources for other healthful recreational purposes, it is the policy of this State that a portion of the gasoline tax shall be dedicated for the purpose of conserving and maintaining our natural resources. Therefore, beginning in fiscal year 1998, three-eighths of one cent of the tax collected under subsection (a) of this section, except for the tax collected on aviation gasoline, shall be transferred 76 percent to the Fish and Wildlife Fund and 24 percent to the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation for natural resource management. Of the funds deposited in the Fish and Wildlife Fund, the interest earned by deposited funds and all funds remaining at the end of the fiscal year shall remain in the Fish and Wildlife Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 3305a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3305a
§ 3305a. Privilege to operate a vessel; suspension of privilege; minimum age for operation of a motorboat
Status: in_force

(a) An individual who meets the applicable requirements of this subchapter shall have the privilege to operate a vessel on the public waters of this State, as those waters are defined in 10 V.S.A. § 1422.

(b) An individual whose privilege to operate a vessel has been suspended shall not operate, attempt to operate, or be in actual physical control of a vessel on the public waters of this State until the privilege to operate a vessel has been reinstated by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(c) An individual under 12 years of age shall not operate a motorboat powered by more than six horsepower on the public waters of this State.
23 V.S.A. § 109 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 109
§ 109. Lists of suspensions
Status: repealed

(a) [Repealed.]

(b) Notwithstanding 1 V.S.A. chapter 5, subchapter 3, a list of all persons whose operating license, nonresident operating privileges, or privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle is suspended or revoked in this State shall be available on request in such form as the Commissioner may determine. The list shall be available in an electronic format for law enforcement officers with computer access through the Department of Public Safety.
23 V.S.A. § 943 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 943
§ 943. Provisions in insurance policies
Status: in_force

All policies of motor vehicle liability insurance delivered or issued for delivery in this State shall be deemed to include provisions in accordance with this subchapter and rules adopted in furtherance thereof.
23 V.S.A. § 3206 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3206
§ 3206. Snowmobile operation
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall operate, or cause to be operated, a snowmobile only in accordance with this chapter.

(b) A snowmobile shall not be operated:

(1) Across or on a plowed public highway unless:

(A) The crossing is made at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the direction of the highway and at a place where no obstruction prevents a quick and safe crossing.

(B) The operator brings the snowmobile to a complete stop before entering the traveled portion of the highway.

(C) The operator yields the right of way to motor vehicles and pedestrians using the highway.

(D) The operator is 16 years of age or older. If the operator is under 16 years of age but at least 12 years of age, that operator must be under the direct supervision of a person 18 years of age or older.

(2) On a public highway, unless it is not being maintained and plowed for use by motor vehicles during the snow season.

(3) On a public highway, unless the operator is not closer than five feet from the plowed portion. However, this section shall not apply to class IV roads or trails that are privately maintained or plowed.

(4) On a public highway, unless the highway has been opened to snowmobile travel by the selectboard or trustees or local governing body and is so posted by the municipality.

(5) On any privately owned land or body of private water unless:

(A) the operator is the owner, or member of the immediate family of the owner or lessee of the land or private body of water;

(B) the operator has, on his or her person, the written consent of the owner or lessee of the land to operate a snowmobile in the specific area in which the operator is operating, or the snowmobile displays a valid TMA decal as required by subsection 3202(a) of this title that serves as proof that the snowmobile and its operator by virtue of the TMA are members of a VAST-affiliated snowmobile club to which such consent has been given orally or in writing; or

(C) the owner of the land has designated the area for use by snowmobiles by posting the area in a manner approved by the Secretary to give reasonable notice that snowmobiling is permitted.

(6) On any public land, body of public water, or natural area established under the provisions of 10 V.S.A. § 2607, or other State, federal statute, or municipal ordinance, unless the Secretary has designated such area for use by snowmobiles in manners chosen by the Secretary or other public land manager.

(7) By a child under eight years of age unless he or she is on land owned by his or her parents, family, or legal guardian.

(8) By a person born after July 1, 1983, on private or public land and water without first obtaining a certificate of snowmobile education, unless the person is operating on land owned, leased, or farmed by the person's parents, family, or guardian or the operator is the land owner.

(A) A person who is required to have a certificate of snowmobile education shall do all of the following:

(i) Possess the certificate or a copy of the certificate when operating a snowmobile on public or private lands and waters of the State.

(ii) Show the certificate or a copy of the certificate on demand of an enforcement officer wearing an insignia identifying him or her as a law enforcement officer. No person charged with violating this subdivision shall be convicted if the person produces in court, to the officer, or to a State's Attorney, a certificate or a copy of the certificate that was valid at the time the violation occurred. A person may show an electronic copy of the certificate using a portable electronic device; however, use of a device for this purpose does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device.

(B) The following persons are exempt from the requirements of this subdivision:

(i) a person is operating on land owned by his or her parents, family, or guardian or the operator is the landowner;

(ii) any other person exempted by rules of the Department of Public Safety;

(iii) any person who is under the direct supervision of a certified snowmobile safety instructor; and

(iv) a child not yet 12 years of age, but not younger than eight when under the direct supervision of a parent or legal guardian who shall be liable for the actions of the child.

(C) The Department of Public Safety shall adopt rules that:

(i) Establish criteria for a course of instruction in snowmobile safety education.

(ii) Relate to transient snowmobilers.

(iii) Administer a verbal test when appropriate.

(iv) Coordinate a statewide program of snowmobile safety instruction and certification and ensure that a course of safety education is available within each county.

(v) Ensure a course of snowmobile safety education is available at the age of eight. Any child eight years of age but not yet 12 who passes the course may operate a snowmobile only when under the direct supervision of a parent or legal guardian who shall be liable for the actions of the child.

(D) Any course of snowmobile safety education that is offered shall provide a minimum of six hours of instruction.

(E) Any State-certified instructor may offer a course of instruction in snowmobile safety education approved by the Department of Public Safety.

(F) The Department of Public Safety or its designee shall issue a certificate of snowmobile safety education to a person who:

(i) passes a departmentally prescribed course of snowmobile safety education; or

(ii) passes a snowmobile safety equivalency examination administered by persons authorized to offer a course of snowmobile safety education.

(G) Upon request, the Department of Public Safety shall provide, without charge, snowmobile safety education materials to persons who plan to take the snowmobile safety equivalency examination.

(H) Once issued, the certificate of snowmobile education is valid for the lifetime of the person to whom it was issued and may not be revoked by the Department of Public Safety or a court of law.

(I) The Department of Public Safety shall replace, without charge, a lost or destroyed certificate if the Department issued the certificate or has a record that the certificate was issued.

(J) A snowmobile safety certificate issued in another state or country in accordance with or substantially equivalent to criteria of the International Association of Snowmobile Administrators is sufficient to comply with the requirements of this section.

(9)(A) In any manner intended, or could reasonably be expected, to harass, drive, or pursue any wildlife; or

(B) in any manner intended to cause an animal undue pain or suffering.

(10) If the registration certificate or written consent is not available for inspection and the registration number, or plate of a size and type approved by the Commissioner, and TMA decal are not displayed on the snowmobile in a manner approved by the Commissioner. However, a TMA decal need not be displayed if the operator possesses a completed TMA form in accordance with subdivision 3202(a)(7) of this title.

(11) While the operator is under the influence of drugs or alcohol as defined in section 3207a of this title.

(12) In a reckless manner so as to endanger a person or property.

(13) Within any cemetery, public or private, as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 5302.

(14) On limited access highways, rights-of-way, or approaches unless permitted by the Agency of Transportation. In no case shall snowmobiling be permitted on any portion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways unless the Agency of Transportation permits operation on such highways.

(15) On a sidewalk unless permitted by the selectmen or trustees or the local governing body.

(16) While the person's privilege to operate a snowmobile has been suspended.

(17) In an unreasonable or imprudent manner, and:

(A) No person shall drive a snowmobile on the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System or a public right-of-way, open to snowmobiling, at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions, having regard for the actual and potential hazards there existing. In every event, speed shall be controlled as necessary to avoid collision with any person, vehicle, snowmobile, or other object on or adjacent to the snowmobile trail.

(B) The operator of every snowmobile shall drive at an appropriate reduced speed when approaching and crossing an intersection or railway grade crossing, when approaching and going around a curve, when approaching a hill crest, when traveling upon any narrow or winding trail, and when a special hazard exists with respect to pedestrians or other traffic by reason of weather or trail conditions.

(C) Snowmobiles operating on a public right-of-way open to snowmobiling shall comply with the provisions established in sections 1003, 1007, and 1008 of this title.

(D) The maximum speed limit on State lands and public waters shall be determined by the Agency of Natural Resources.

(E) Any law enforcement officer or emergency personnel may disregard speed regulations in accordance with section 1015 of this title.

(18) In a commercial manner unless the individual or entity offering the snowmobile for rent or hired for tour complies with the following:

(A) On any privately owned land or body of private water, unless the individual or entity offering a snowmobile for commercial operation has first obtained the written consent of the snowmobile club responsible for obtaining landowner permission for snowmobile trails and for trail maintenance in that area with consent from the proper owner over whose property the trail passes.

(B) For commercial purposes, on any public land, body of public water, or natural area, unless the individual or entity has first obtained the written consent of the snowmobile club responsible for trail maintenance, and the Secretary or other public land manager has designated such area for use by snowmobiles in a manner chosen by the Secretary or public land manager to give reasonable notice that snowmobiling is permitted. The commercial operation of snowmobiles on public land or public water shall be by permit or license issued by the Secretary or public land manager in a manner chosen by the Secretary or public land manager.

(C) A commercial snowmobile operating on any private or public land, private or public water, or natural area shall display a commercial TMA.

(D) A commercial snowmobile operating on any private or public land, private or public water, or natural area shall display a decal or flag identifying the individual or entity that owns the snowmobile.

(19) Without carrying proof of liability insurance as described in this subdivision. No owner or operator of a snowmobile shall operate or permit the operation of the snowmobile on the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System or public right of way, except on the property of the owner, without having in effect a liability policy or bond in the amounts of at least $25,000.00 for one person and $50,000.00 for two or more persons killed or injured and $10,000.00 for damages to property in any one crash. In lieu thereof, evidence of self-insurance in the amount of $115,000.00 must be filed with the Commissioner. Such financial responsibility shall be maintained and evidenced in a form prescribed by the Commissioner. The standards and process established in subsection 801(c) of this title shall be adopted. An operator may prove financial responsibility using a portable electronic device; however, use of a device for this purpose does not in itself constitute consent for an enforcement officer to access other contents of the device. An operator cited for violating this subsection shall not be convicted if the operator sends or produces to the issuing enforcement agency within seven business days after the traffic stop proof of financial responsibility that was in effect at the time of the traffic stop.

(20) On the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System or on a public right-of-way after the hour of 11:00 p.m. and before the hour of 6:00 a.m., if requested by the landowner or ordered by a town or municipality through ordinance, unless the operation is more than 500 feet from a residence or residences or the operation is taking place to groom the trail. All trails impacted by this subdivision shall be posted to indicate that they are closed between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

(21) Without proper head and face protection.

(A) No person shall operate, ride in or on a snowmobile, or on a sled or device pulled by a snowmobile on the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System (SSTS) without wearing, upon his or her head, protective headgear of a type approved by the Commissioner, unless the operator of the snowmobile is in the process of grooming the trail. The headgear shall be equipped with a strap to secure the headgear in place.

(B) No person shall operate a snowmobile on the SSTS that is not equipped with a factory-installed or approved factory or aftermarket replacement windshield that adequately protects the operator's face, or the operator shall wear eyeglasses, goggles, or a protective face shield.

(22) During the closed season on the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System or any public land, except for the following purposes:

(A) grooming operations;

(B) trail maintenance; or

(C) search and rescue operations conducted by law enforcement officers defined in subdivision 3302(2) of this title or emergency medical personnel defined in 24 V.S.A. § 2651(6) or emergency use by fire service personnel defined in 20 V.S.A. § 3151 or private individuals who are assisting such officers or personnel.

(23) During the open season when the Statewide Snowmobile Trail System has not been officially opened by the Vermont Association of Snow Travelers, Inc., due to lack of snow or for temporary closures caused by lack of snow or dangerous trail conditions, except for the following purposes:

(A) grooming operations;

(B) trail maintenance; or

(C) search and rescue operations conducted by law enforcement officers defined in subdivision 3302(2) of this title or emergency medical personnel defined in 24 V.S.A. § 2651(6) or emergency use by fire service personnel defined in 20 V.S.A. § 3151 or private individuals who are assisting such officers or personnel.

(c) It shall be an affirmative defense to a prosecution for trespass under subdivision (b)(5) of this section that the operator of the snowmobile was unable, after a reasonable diligent search, to locate, within the State of Vermont, a person with authority to grant or deny such permission.

(d)(1) No public or private landowner or their agents shall be liable for any property damage or personal injury sustained by any person operating or riding as a passenger on a snowmobile, or upon a vehicle or other device drawn by a snowmobile upon the public or private landowner's property, whether or not the public or private landowner has given permission to use the land, unless the public or private landowner charges a cash fee to the operator or owner of the snowmobile for the use of the property, or unless the damage or injury is intentionally inflicted by the landowner.

(2) If VAST has exercised reasonable care in marking the boundaries of the SSTS, it shall not be liable for ordinary negligence for any property damage or personal injury sustained by any person that arises from operation of a snowmobile outside the SSTS. However, VAST's liability shall not be limited under this subdivision if an operator leaves the SSTS because of an unsafe condition on the SSTS and the damage or injury occurs before the operator is able to return safely to the SSTS.
23 V.S.A. § 632 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 632
§ 632. Examination required; waiver
Status: in_force

(a) Before an operator's or a junior operator's license is issued to an applicant for the first time in this State, or before a renewal license is issued to an applicant whose previous Vermont license had expired more than three years prior to the application for renewal, the applicant shall pass a satisfactory examination, except that the Commissioner may, in the Commissioner's discretion, waive the examination when the applicant holds a chauffeur's, junior operator's, or operator's license in force at the time of application or within three years prior to the application in some other jurisdiction where an examination is required similar to the examination required in this State.

(b) The examination shall consist of:

(1) an oral or written examination;

(2) a thorough road test; and

(3) at the discretion of the Commissioner, such other examination or demonstration as the Commissioner may prescribe, including an oral eye examination.

(c) An applicant may have an individual of the applicant's choosing at the oral examination or road test to serve as an interpreter, including to translate any oral commands given as part of the road test.
23 V.S.A. § 1601 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1601
§ 1601. Identification of motor vehicles
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, his or her deputies, and all enforcement officers may at all times, with or without process, stop any motor vehicle to examine identification numbers and marks thereon and raise the hood or engine cover if necessary to accomplish their purpose, and may demand and inspect the driver's license, registration certificate, and permits. They may also at all times, with or without process, enter public garages, parking places, and public buildings where motor vehicles are stored or kept, for the purpose of examining identification numbers and marks thereon and may also, in like manner, examine any motor vehicle standing in any public place or way. They may in like manner examine any motor vehicle to ascertain whether its equipment complies with the requirements of law relating to motor vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 367 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 367
§ 367. Trucks
Status: repealed

(a)(1) The annual fee for registration of tractors, truck-tractors, or motor trucks except truck cranes, truck shovels, road oilers, bituminous distributors, and farm trucks used as specified in subsection (f) of this section shall be based on the total weight of the truck-tractor or motor truck, including body and cab plus the heaviest load to be carried. In computing the fees for registration of tractors, truck-tractors, or motor trucks with trailers or semi-trailers attached, except trailers or semi-trailers with a gross weight of less than 6,099 pounds, the fee shall be based upon the weight of the tractor, truck-tractor, or motor truck, the weight of the trailer or semi-trailer, and the weight of the heaviest load to be carried by the combined vehicles. In addition to the fee set out in the following schedule, the fee for vehicles weighing between 10,100 and 26,099 pounds inclusive shall be an additional $42.53, the fee for vehicles weighing between 26,100 and 40,099 pounds inclusive shall be an additional $85.03, the fee for vehicles weighing between 40,100 and 60,099 pounds inclusive shall be an additional $297.68, and the fee for vehicles 60,100 pounds and over shall be an additional $467.80. The fee shall be computed at the following rates per 1,000 pounds of weight determined pursuant to this subdivision and rounded up to the nearest whole dollar; the minimum fee for registering a tractor, truck-tractor, or motor truck to 6,099 pounds shall be the same as for the pleasure car type:

$18.21 when the weight is at least 6,100 pounds but not more than 8,099 pounds.

$20.83 when the weight is at least 8,100 pounds but not more than 12,099 pounds.

$22.97 when the weight is at least 12,100 pounds but not more than 16,099 pounds.

$24.56 when the weight is at least 16,100 pounds but not more than 20,099 pounds.

$25.71 when the weight is at least 20,100 pounds but not more than 30,099 pounds.

$26.26 when the weight 30,100 pounds but not more than 40,099 pounds.

$26.90 when the weight is at least 40,100 pounds but not more than 50,099 pounds.

$27.13 when the weight is at least 50,100 pounds but not more than 60,099 pounds.

$28.06 when the weight is at least 60,100 pounds but not more than 70,099 pounds.

$29.00 when the weight is at least 70,100 pounds but not more than 80,099 pounds.

$29.94 when the weight is at least 80,100 pounds but not more than 90,099 pounds.

(2) [Repealed.]

(b) The annual fee for registration of a category I special purpose vehicle shall be $214.00, and the annual fee for a category II special purpose vehicle shall be $498.00.

(c)-(e) [Repealed.]

(f)(1) The annual fee for registration of a farm truck of a total weight, determined as provided in subsection (a) of this section, used only for the transportation of agricultural products produced on, and material to be used in connection with the operation of, a farm or farms owned, operated, or occupied by the registrant, or motor trucks that are agricultural custom service vehicles as defined in subdivision 4(70) of this title, shall be $40.00 if the total weight is less than 18,000 pounds. If the gross weight is at least 18,000 pounds but is less than 35,000 pounds, the fee shall be $61.00. If the gross weight is at least 35,000 pounds but does not exceed 60,000 pounds, the fee shall be $115.00. If the gross weight exceeds 60,000 pounds but does not exceed 80,000 pounds, the fee shall be $182.50.

(2) In the event that a farm truck or agricultural custom service vehicle so registered is thereafter registered for general use during the same registration year, the fee or a pro rata portion thereof shall be applied toward the fee for general registration. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to licensed cattle and poultry dealers.

(g) [Repealed.]

(h) Loader backhoes used primarily for agricultural related purposes are exempt from the provisions of this section.

(i) The annual fee for registration of a truck used for logging shall be determined pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. Trucks used for logging shall be those motor vehicles used exclusively for the transportation of harvested forest products from a forested site.

(j) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 2082 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2082
§ 2082. Altering, forging, or counterfeiting certificates; penalty
Status: in_force

(a) A person who with fraudulent intent commits any of the following acts shall be subject to the penalties provided in subsection (b) of this section:

(1) alters, forges, counterfeits, or knowingly makes or causes to be made a false official certificate of title;

(2) alters or forges an assignment of a certificate of title, or an assignment or release of a security interest, on a certificate of title or a form the Commissioner prescribes;

(3) has possession of or uses a certificate of title knowing it to have been altered, forged, counterfeited, or fraudulently obtained or made; or

(4) uses a false or fictitious name or address, or makes a material false statement, or fails to disclose a security interest, or conceals any other material fact in or alters information on or forges a signature on an application for a certificate of title or duplicate certificate of title.

(b) A person convicted of violating this section shall be fined not less than $500.00 or more than $5,000.00 or be imprisoned not less than one year or more than five years, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 472 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 472
§ 472. Evidence of authorization
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall issue suitable documents of authorization of dealership that shall be displayed at the dealer's place of business.
23 V.S.A. § 1032 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1032
§ 1032. Passing vehicles proceeding in opposite directions
Status: in_force

Drivers of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right, and upon roadways having width for not more than one line of traffic in each direction, each driver shall give to the other at least one-half of the main-traveled portion of the roadway as nearly as possible.
23 V.S.A. § 1741 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1741
§ 1741. Definition
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, the word “town” shall apply to a town or incorporated village only and the word “selectboard” shall apply to the selectboard of a town and the trustees of an incorporated village only.
23 V.S.A. § 3000 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3000
§ 3000. Statutory purposes
Status: in_force

The statutory purpose of the exemption for diesel tax in section 3003 of this title is to relieve off-road uses and farm truck uses from the user fee for the State highway system.
23 V.S.A. § 3118 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3118
§ 3118. Bulk sales; transferee liability
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a licensee (transferor) required to collect and remit the tax required by this subchapter shall make any sale, transfer, lease, or assignment (transfer) in bulk of any part or the whole of the assets of a business, otherwise than in the ordinary course of the business, the purchaser, transferee, lessee, or assignee (transferee) shall, at least 10 days before taking possession of the subject of the transfer or before payment therefor if earlier, notify the Commissioner in writing by mail of the proposed transfer and of the price, and date thereof; and whether or not the transferor has represented to, or has informed the transferee that the transferor owes any tax, interest, or penalties required by this subchapter and whether or not the transferee has knowledge that such taxes, interest, or penalties are owed, and whether any taxes, interest, or penalties are in fact owed.

(b) Whenever the transferee shall fail to give notice to the Commissioner as required by subsection (a) of this section, or whenever the Commissioner shall inform the transferee that a possible claim for tax, interest, or penalty exists, any sums of money, property, or choses in action, or other consideration, that the transferee is required to transfer over to or for the transferor shall be subject to a first priority right and lien for any taxes, interest, or penalty theretofore or thereafter determined to be due from the transferor to the State, and the transferee is forbidden to transfer the consideration to or for the transferor to the extent of the amount of the State's claim.

(c) For failure to comply with this section, the transferee shall be personally liable to the State for the amount of the State's claim theretofore or thereafter determined to be due to the State from the transferor and the liability may be assessed and enforced against the transferee in the same manner as provided for by this chapter against the transferor.
23 V.S.A. § 101 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 101
§ 101. Commissioner
Status: in_force

The Department of Motor Vehicles is created and established, and the head of the Department shall be a Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 1095b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1095b
§ 1095b. Handheld use of portable electronic device prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions. As used in this section:

(1) “Hands-free use” means the use of a portable electronic device without utilizing either hand by employing an internal feature of, or an attachment to, the device or a motor vehicle.

(2) “Public highway” means a State or municipal highway as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(12).

(3) “Securely mounted” means the portable electronic device is placed in an accessory specifically designed or built to support the hands-free use of a portable electronic device that is not affixed to the windshield in violation of section 1125 of this title and either:

(A) is utilized in accordance with manufacturer specifications; or

(B) causes the portable electronic device to remain completely stationary under typical driving conditions.

(4) “Use” means the use of a portable electronic device in any way that is not a hands-free use, including an operator of a motor vehicle holding a portable electronic device in the operator's hand or hands while operating a motor vehicle.

(b) Use of handheld portable electronic device prohibited.

(1) An individual shall not use a portable electronic device while operating:

(A) a moving motor vehicle in a place open temporarily or permanently to public or general circulation of vehicles; or

(B) a motor vehicle on a public highway in Vermont, including while the vehicle is stationary, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device, or other temporary delays.

(2) The prohibitions of this subsection shall not apply:

(A) to hands-free use;

(B) to activation or deactivation of hands-free use, provided the portable electronic device is securely mounted or the activation or deactivation is done through an internal feature of the device or the motor vehicle being operated and without the operator utilizing either hand to hold the portable electronic device;

(C) when use of a portable electronic device is necessary for an individual to communicate with law enforcement or emergency service personnel under emergency circumstances or in response to a direction or order from law enforcement;

(D) to use of an ignition interlock device, as defined in section 1200 of this title;

(E) to use of a global positioning or navigation system if it is installed by the manufacturer or securely mounted in the vehicle; or

(F) when the operator has moved the motor vehicle to the side of or off the public highway and has halted, with or without the motor running, in a location where the vehicle can safely and lawfully remain stationary.

(c) Penalties.

(1) An individual who violates this section commits a traffic violation and shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $100.00 and not more than $200.00 for a first violation, and of not less than $250.00 and not more than $500.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period.

(2) An individual convicted of violating this section while operating within the following areas shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00 and not more than $400.00 for a first violation and of not less than $500.00 and not more than $1,000.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period and shall have four points assessed against his or her driving record for a first conviction and five points assessed for a second or subsequent conviction:

(A) a properly designated work zone in which construction, maintenance, or utility personnel are present; or

(B) a school zone marked with warning signs conforming to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

(3) An individual convicted of violating this section outside the areas designated in subdivision (2) of this subsection shall have two points assessed against his or her driving record.

(d) Commercial motor vehicles.

(1) Operators of commercial motor vehicles shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 39 of this title (Commercial Driver's License Act) instead of the provisions of this chapter with respect to the handheld use of mobile telephones and texting while operating a commercial motor vehicle.

(2) An individual shall not be issued more than one complaint for any violation of this section, section 1095a of this title (junior operator use of portable electronic devices), or section 1099 of this title (texting prohibited) that arises from the same incident.
23 V.S.A. § 1041 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1041
§ 1041. Restricted access roadways
Status: in_force

No person may drive a vehicle onto or from any controlled-access roadway except at entrances and exits established by public authority.
23 V.S.A. § 631 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 631
§ 631. Requirements; rules
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may adopt rules pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 governing the examination of new applicants for operator's licenses and may prescribe requirements to obtain or hold a license or learner's permit, by either a new or renewal applicant, as to driving experience, mental and physical qualifications, and any other matter or thing that, in his or her judgment, will contribute to the selection of safe and efficient operators.

(b) Any written forms, applications, or tests used by the Department of Motor Vehicles for operator licensing shall be translated into primary languages of nations from which individuals assisted by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Vermont in the prior 10 years hail, as determined on an annual basis by the Department in consultation with the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Vermont, and available at all Department locations and on the Department's website if the English version is available. Nothing in this subsection is intended to require the Department to translate any educational manuals.
23 V.S.A. § 3562 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3562
§ 3562. Title-Article XI
Status: in_force

This compact shall be known as the Nonresident Violator Compact of 1977, as amended.
23 V.S.A. § 3327 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3327
§ 3327. Responsibility to follow lawful order of law enforcement officer
Status: in_force

(a) A person while operating or in charge of a vessel shall, upon request by a law enforcement officer who reasonably suspects that the person has committed or is committing a violation of this subchapter, give his or her name, date of birth, and address and the name and address of the owner of the vessel.

(b) The operator of the vessel shall identify himself or herself upon request from a law enforcement officer and produce the registration certificate for the vessel if required. A person operating a vessel shall promptly and carefully stop when signaled to stop by a law enforcement officer wearing insignia that identifies the officer.

(c) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $300.00.

(d) A person who violates subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $250.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1407 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1407
§ 1407. Operation of overweight vehicles
Status: in_force

A motor truck, truck tractor, tractor, trailer, or other vehicle, machine, or contrivance shall not be operated over the highways of the State of Vermont in violation of any provision of this title relative to the weight of the vehicle, machine, or contrivance. In a prosecution for these violations, the proper defendant shall be either the owner or lessee of the vehicle, machine, or contrivance or the person who moves or operates the vehicle, machine, or contrivance.
23 V.S.A. § 454 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 454
§ 454. Dealer's use of vehicles or motorboats
Status: in_force

(a) A motor vehicle owned by a dealer may be operated, while so owned, under the distinguishing number assigned to him or her as provided in this subchapter, for the following purposes and uses:

(1) For the purpose of testing or adjusting the vehicle in the immediate vicinity of his or her place of business.

(2) For some purpose directly connected with the dealer business, purchasing, selling, or exchanging motor vehicles by the dealer. The words “directly connected” for the purposes of this subdivision shall not be construed to include towing service unless the disabled vehicle is being towed to or from the dealer's place of business for repair purposes, nor shall it include the transport of crushed vehicles unless all of the vehicles being so transported are properly recorded in the records of the dealer as required by section 466 of this title.

(3) For a demonstration when the prospective purchaser is operating the vehicle, and then only for a period not to exceed three days.

(4) For the temporary accommodation of a customer of the dealer when a motor vehicle properly registered under the law of the state of residence of the customer, because of crash or wear, is disabled and is left with the dealer for repairs and then only for a period not exceeding seven days.

(5) For the private pleasure use of the dealer and members of his or her immediate family residing in the same household.

(6) For the use of the vehicles at funerals or in public parades when no charge or rental is made for the use.

(b) The word “dealer” for the purposes of subdivision (a)(5) of this section shall include such of the principal officers of a corporation registered as dealer and such of the partners in a co-partnership registered as dealer as are actively and principally engaged in the motor vehicle business and in any event shall include only those persons listed on the application for a registered dealer submitted to the Department, but shall not include directors and stockholders nor inactive and silent partners.

(c) A snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle dealer may only use a dealer's number plate or dealer registration number in accordance with sections 3204, 3305, and 3504 of this title, respectively.
23 V.S.A. § 2502 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2502
§ 2502. Point assessment; schedule
Status: in_force

(a) Unless the assessment of points is waived by a Superior judge or a Judicial Bureau hearing officer in the interests of justice and in accordance with subsection 2501(b) of this title, a person operating a motor vehicle shall have points assessed against the person's driving record for convictions for moving violations of the indicated motor vehicle statutes in accord with the following schedule: (All references are to this title of the Vermont Statutes Annotated.)

(1) Two points assessed for:

(2) Three points assessed for:

(3) Four points assessed for:

(4) Five points assessed for:

(5) Ten points assessed for:

(6) Two points assessed for sections 1003 and 1007. State speed zones and local speed limits, less than 10 miles per hour over and in excess of speed limit.

(7) Three points assessed for sections 1003 and 1007. State speed zones and local speed limits, more than 10 miles per hour over and in excess of speed limit.

(8) Five points assessed for sections 1003 and 1007. State speed zones and local speed limits, more than 20 miles per hour over and in excess of speed limit.

(9) Eight points assessed for sections 1003, 1007, and 1097. State speed zones and local speed limits, more than 30 miles per hour over and in excess of the speed limit.

(b) Two additional points shall be assessed for any violation that has resulted in a crash that was the fault of the violator, provided that before these additional points are added a determination on fault must have been made.
23 V.S.A. § 202 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 202
§ 202. Impersonating another in an application or aiding an applicant by false representation
Status: in_force

A person who does any of the following shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both, and shall have his or her privilege to operate suspended for 90 days:

(1) falsely impersonates another in an application for:

(A) an operator's license;

(B) a learner's permit;

(C) a nondriver identification card;

(D) a motor vehicle registration or vessel validation; or

(E) an in-transit registration permit;

(2) obtains by false representation:

(A) an operator's license;

(B) a learner's permit;

(C) a nondriver identification card;

(D) a motor vehicle registration or vessel validation; or

(E) an in-transit registration permit;

(3) uses an assumed name or name that is not his or her own in an application for:

(A) an operator's license;

(B) a learner's permit;

(C) a nondriver identification card;

(D) a motor vehicle registration or vessel validation; or

(E) an in-transit registration permit; or

(4) knowingly aids an applicant in obtaining by false representation as to the age or identity of such applicant:

(A) an operator's license;

(B) a learner's permit;

(C) a nondriver identification card;

(D) a motor vehicle registration or vessel validation; or

(E) in-transit registration permit.
23 V.S.A. § 1125 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1125
§ 1125. Obstructing windshields, windows
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person shall not operate a motor vehicle on which material or items have been painted or adhered on or over, or hung in back of, any transparent part of a motor vehicle windshield, vent windows, or side windows located immediately to the left and right of the operator. The prohibition of this section on hanging items shall apply only when a hanging item materially obstructs the driver's view.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, a person may operate a motor vehicle with material or items painted or adhered on or over, or hung in back of, the windshield, vent windows, or side windows:

(1) in a space not over four inches high and 12 inches long in the lower right-hand corner of the windshield;

(2) in such space as the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may specify for location of any sticker required by governmental regulation;

(3) in a space not over two inches high and two and one-half inches long in the upper left-hand corner of the windshield;

(4) if the operator is a person employed by the federal, State, or local government or a volunteer emergency responder operating an authorized emergency vehicle, who places any necessary equipment in back of the windshield of the vehicle, provided the equipment does not interfere with the operator's control of the driving mechanism of the vehicle;

(5) on a motor vehicle that is for sale by a licensed automobile dealer prior to the sale of the vehicle, in a space not over three inches high and six inches long in the upper left-hand corner of the windshield, and in a space not over four inches high and 18 inches long in the upper right-hand corner of the windshield; or

(6) if the object is a rearview mirror, or is an electronic toll-collection transponder located either between the roof line and the rearview mirror post or behind the rearview mirror.

(c) The Commissioner may grant an exemption to the prohibition of this section upon application from a person required for medical reasons to be shielded from the rays of the sun and who attaches to the application a document signed by a licensed physician or optometrist certifying that shielding from the rays of the sun is a medical necessity. The physician or optometrist certification shall be renewed every four years. However, when a licensed physician or optometrist has previously certified to the Commissioner that an applicant's condition is both permanent and stable, the exemption may be renewed by the applicant without submission of a form signed by a licensed physician or optometrist. Additionally, the window shading or tinting permitted under this subsection shall be limited to the vent windows or side windows located immediately to the left and right of the operator. The exemption provided in this subsection shall terminate upon the transfer of the approved vehicle and at that time the applicable window tinting shall be removed by the seller. Furthermore, if the material described in this subsection tears or bubbles or is otherwise worn to prohibit clear vision, it shall be removed or replaced.

(d) The rear side windows and the back window may be obstructed only if the motor vehicle is equipped on each side with a securely attached mirror, which provides the operator with a clear view of the roadway in the rear and on both sides of the motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 4112 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4112
§ 4112. Records notification
Status: in_force

(a) After suspending, revoking, or disqualifying an individual from holding a commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit, the Commissioner shall update his or her records to reflect that action within 10 days. After suspending, revoking, or disqualifying a nonresident commercial driver's privileges, the Commissioner shall notify the licensing authority of the state that issued the commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit within 10 days.

(b) When the Commissioner receives a request for an operating record of an individual currently or previously licensed in Vermont, the Commissioner shall provide the information within 30 days.
23 V.S.A. § 329 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 329
§ 329. Refunds paid from motor vehicle fees
Status: in_force

The refunds mentioned in sections 325-327 of this title shall be paid from the fees turned into the State Treasury by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
23 V.S.A. § 1248 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1248
§ 1248. Taillights
Status: in_force

(a) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer, and pole trailer, and any other vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles, shall be equipped with at least two taillamps mounted on the rear, except that one taillamp shall be allowed on any vehicle equipped with only one when it was manufactured.

(b) Either a taillamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light all parts of the rear registration number plate on the vehicle so that all the numerals, letters, and marks on the plate are clearly visible and legible for at least 50 feet from the rear of the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3110 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3110
§ 3110. Additional assessment; time limit
Status: in_force

(a) If the Commissioner is not satisfied that the report filed or the amount of tax paid by a distributor is accurate, after investigating and finding such inaccuracy, the Commissioner may make an additional assessment of taxes due from the distributor based upon the Commissioner's investigation. A penalty equal to 10 percent and interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month shall be payable on the additional assessment, with interest computed from the date the tax payment was due. The Commissioner shall give notice by mail to the distributor of the additional assessment. Payment shall be due within 30 days after the date of mailing the notice.

(b) When no report or payment of tax has been made as required by sections 3106 and 3108 of this title, or when a willfully false or fraudulent report has been filed, the tax may be assessed at any time. In all other cases, no assessment of additional tax, and the mailing of notice, shall be made after the expiration of three years from the date of filing a report.
23 V.S.A. § 4102 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4102
§ 4102. Statement of intent and purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to implement 49 U.S.C. Chapter 313, as may be amended, and the federal Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986, Title XII of Pub. L. No. 99-570, as amended, and reduce or prevent commercial motor vehicle crashes, fatalities, and injuries by permitting commercial drivers to hold only one license, disqualifying commercial drivers who have committed certain criminal or other offenses or serious traffic violations, and strengthening licensing and testing standards. This chapter is a remedial law and shall be liberally construed to promote the public health, safety, and welfare. To the extent that this chapter conflicts with general operator licensing provisions, this chapter prevails. Where this chapter is silent, the general operator licensing provisions apply.
23 V.S.A. § 2092 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2092
§ 2092. Issuance of salvage title
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall file and maintain in the manner provided in section 117 of this title each application received and when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a salvage certificate of title, shall issue a salvage certificate of title to the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3117 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3117
§ 3117. Bond requirement; amount; failure of security
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any language in section 3102 of this title to the contrary, when the Commissioner deems it necessary to protect the revenues to be obtained under this subchapter, he or she may require a licensee to file with him or her a bond, issued by a surety company authorized to transact business in this State and approved by the Commissioner of Financial Regulation of this State as to solvency and responsibility, in an amount fixed by the Commissioner, but not to exceed the total potential liability of such person, to secure the payment of any tax or penalties or interest due or that may become due from a licensee under this subchapter. In the event that the Commissioner determines that such person is to file a bond, the Commissioner shall give notice to such person to that effect, specifying the amount of the bond required. That person shall file a bond within 15 days after the giving of the notice unless within those 15 days he or she shall request in writing a hearing before the Commissioner at which the necessity, propriety, and amount of the bond shall be determined by the Commissioner. The determination shall be final and shall be complied with within 15 days after the giving of notice thereof. In lieu of a bond, securities approved by the Commissioner or cash in such amount as the Commissioner may prescribe may be deposited, which shall be kept in the custody of the State Treasurer who may at any time upon instructions from the Commissioner without notice to the depositor apply them to any tax or interest or penalties due, and for that purpose the securities may be sold by the Commissioner at public or private sale without notice to the depositor thereof.

(b) The total amount of the bond required of a licensee may be fixed by the Commissioner and may be increased or decreased by him or her at any time subject to the limitations imposed by this section.

(c) If the liability upon a bond filed by a licensee with the Commissioner becomes discharged or reduced, whether by judgment rendered, payment made, or otherwise, or if in the opinion of the Commissioner any surety on a bond has become unsatisfactory or unacceptable, the Commissioner shall require the licensee to file a new bond with satisfactory sureties in the same amount and, upon failure to do so, the Commissioner shall immediately revoke the license.

(d) If a licensee fails or refuses to increase the amount of a bond or file a bond as required by the Commissioner within 15 days after notice mailed to the licensee, then the license shall be revoked immediately.
23 V.S.A. § 3700 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3700
§ 3700. Definition; mail
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, “mail,” “mails,” “mailing,” and “mailed” mean any method of delivery authorized by the Commissioner, which shall include by hand, U.S. mail, and electronic transmission.
23 V.S.A. § 637 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 637
§ 637. Examiners of physical and mental conditions
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may designate physicians, licensed physician assistants, licensed advanced practice registered nurses, ophthalmologists, oculists, and optometrists properly registered and authorized to practice in this State or in an adjoining state as examiners of operators. The Commissioner may refer any matter relative to the issuing, suspending, or reinstating of licenses that concerns the physical or mental condition or eyesight of any applicant for or holder of a license or any petitioner for reinstatement to, and require the applicant or other person to be examined by, such examiner in the vicinity of the person's residence as he or she determines to be qualified to examine and report. Such examiner shall report to the Commissioner the true and actual result of examinations made by him or her together with his or her decision as to whether the person examined should be granted or allowed to retain an operator's license or permitted to operate a motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3304 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3304
§ 3304. Classification
Status: in_force

Motorboats subject to the provisions of this chapter shall be divided into four classes as follows:

Class A. Less than 16 feet in length.

Class 1. 16 feet or over and less than 26 feet in length.

Class 2. 26 feet or over and less than 40 feet in length.

Class 3. 40 feet or over.
23 V.S.A. § 1213b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1213b
§ 1213b. Forfeiture of vehicle
Status: in_force

At the time of sentencing after a third or subsequent conviction under section 1201 of this title or after a conviction under subdivision 1130(c)(1) of this title, or upon a determination by the Parole Board that a person has violated a condition of parole requiring that the person not operate a motor vehicle, the court may, upon motion of the State and in addition to any penalty imposed by law and after notice and hearing, order the motor vehicle operated by the defendant or parolee at the time of the offense forfeited and sold as provided in section 1213c of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 367a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 367a
§ 367a. Special purpose truck plates; penalties
Status: in_force

The misuse of a vehicle registered under the provisions of a special purpose truck plate under the provisions of section 367 of this title shall be a traffic violation as defined in section 2302 of this title and shall be punishable by a civil penalty of $100.00 for a first offense and by a civil penalty of $200.00 for a second offense occurring within 12 months. Upon a conviction for a second offense, the owner shall be required to register the vehicle at the same rate as provided in subsection 367(a) of this title for other commercial trucks.
23 V.S.A. § 1219 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1219
§ 1219. Commercial motor vehicle; detectable amount; out-of-service
Status: in_force

A person who is operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a commercial motor vehicle with any measurable or detectable amount of alcohol in his or her system shall immediately be placed out-of-service for 24 hours by an enforcement officer. A law enforcement officer who has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has a measurable or detectable amount of alcohol in his or her system on the basis of the person's general appearance, conduct, or other substantiating evidence may request the person to submit to a test, which may be administered with a preliminary screening device. The law enforcement officer shall inform the person at the time the test is requested that refusal to submit will result in disqualification. If the person refuses to submit to the test, the person shall immediately be placed out-of-service for 24 hours and shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle as provided in section 4116 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1139a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1139a
§ 1139a. Bicycle control signals
Status: in_force

(a) Bicycles shall obey bicycle-control signals. An individual operating a bicycle shall obey the instructions of a bicycle-control signal, if present, instead of any traffic-control signal for motor vehicles.

(b) Bicycle-control signal legend.

(1) Green bicycle signal.

(A) An individual operating a bicycle facing a green bicycle signal may proceed straight through the intersection or turn right or left unless a sign prohibits such a turn, provided that:

(i) the individual operating the bicycle will not be in conflict with any simultaneous motor vehicle movements at that location; or

(ii) the bicycle movement at that location is not modified by lane-use signs, turn-prohibition signs, pavement markings, separate turn signal indications, or other traffic-control devices.

(B) An individual operating a bicycle pursuant to a green bicycle signal, including when turning right and left, shall yield the right-of-way to other individuals operating bicycles and pedestrians that are in the intersection when the signal is exhibited.

(2) Steady yellow bicycle signal. An individual operating a bicycle facing a steady yellow bicycle signal is warned that the steady green signal is being terminated and that the red signal will be exhibited immediately following the steady yellow signal, at which time bicycle traffic traveling in that direction shall not enter the intersection.

(3) Steady red bicycle signal.

(A) An individual operating a bicycle facing a steady red bicycle signal alone shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, or if there is none, shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection.

(B) Except when a sign is in place prohibiting a turn, an individual operating a bicycle facing a steady red bicycle signal may:

(i) cautiously enter the intersection to turn right; or

(ii) after stopping as required pursuant to subdivision (A) of this subdivision (b)(3), turn left from a one-way street onto a one-way street.

(C) An individual making a turn pursuant to subdivision (B) of this subdivision (b)(3) shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other vehicles that are in the intersection.

(D) An individual operating a bicycle shall not turn right when facing a red arrow signal unless a sign permitting such a turn is present.

(E) An individual operating a bicycle to the left of adjacent motor vehicle traffic approaching the same intersection shall be prohibited from turning right when facing a steady red bicycle signal and an individual operating a bicycle to the right of adjacent motor vehicle traffic approaching the same intersection shall be prohibited from turning left when facing a steady red bicycle signal.
23 V.S.A. § 304 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 304
§ 304. Registration certificates; number plates; vanity and other special plates
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner shall issue to the registrant of a motor vehicle a certificate of registration in the form the Commissioner may prescribe, on which shall appear the name of the registrant, his or her address, a brief description of the vehicle registered, and the date of registration. The Commissioner shall also assign to each motor vehicle registered a distinctive number and issue a number plate or plates showing the assigned number. The number plate or plates issued shall be of the material, size, shape, and color, and with the numerals or letters thereon, the Commissioner may determine, and shall be reflectorized in part or in whole. The certificate and number plates shall be delivered free of charge by the Commissioner to the registrant as soon as may be after receipt and acceptance of application for registration.

(b) The authority to issue vanity motor vehicle number plates or special number plates for safety organizations and service organizations shall reside with the Commissioner. Determination of compliance with the criteria contained in this section shall be within the discretion of the Commissioner. Series of number plates for safety and service organizations that are authorized by the Commissioner shall be issued in order of approval, subject to the operating considerations in the Department as determined by the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall issue vanity and special organization number plates in the following manner:

(1) Vanity plates. Subject to the restrictions of this section, vanity plates shall be issued at the request of the registrant of a motor vehicle unless the vehicle is registered under the International Registration Plan, upon application and upon payment of an annual fee of $58.00 in addition to the annual fee for registration. The Commissioner shall not issue two sets of plates bearing the same initials or letters unless the plates also contain a distinguishing number. Vanity plates are subject to reassignment if not renewed within 60 days of expiration of the registration.

(2) Special organization plates.

(A) For the purposes of this section:

(i) “Safety organizations” are groups that provide police and fire protection, rescue squads, the Vermont National Guard, organizations required to respond to public emergencies, and amateur radio operators licensed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. To qualify for a special organization plate, safety organizations must have at least 100 in-state members in good standing.

(ii) “Service organization” includes congressionally chartered or noncongressionally chartered U.S. Military Service veterans' groups and any group that:

(I) has as a primary purpose service to the community through specific programs for the improvement of public health, education, or environmental awareness and conservation and is not limited to social activities;

(II) has nonprofit status under Section 501(c)(3) or (10) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, as amended;

(III) is registered as a nonprofit corporation with the Office of the Secretary of State; and

(IV) except for a military veterans group, has at least 100 in-state members in good standing.

(B) The officer of a safety organization or service organization may apply to the Commissioner to approve special plates indicating membership in a qualifying organization to be issued to organization members for a $21.00 special fee for each set of plates in addition to the annual fee for registration. The application shall include designation of an officer or member to serve as the principal contact with the Department and a distinctive name or emblem, or both, for use on the proposed special plate. The name and emblem shall not be objectively obscene or confusing to the general public and shall not promote, advertise, or endorse a product, brand, or service provided for sale. The organization's name and emblem must not infringe on or violate a trademark, trade name, service mark, copyright, or other proprietary or property right, and the organization must have the right to use the name and emblem. After consulting with the principal contact, the Commissioner shall determine the design of the special plate on the basis that the primary purpose of motor vehicle number plates is vehicle identification. An organization may have only one design, regardless of the number of individual organizational units, squads, or departments within the State that may conduct the same or substantially similar activities.

(C) After the plate design is finalized and an officer or the principal contact provides the Commissioner a written statement authorizing issuance of the plates, the organization shall deposit $2,600.00 with the Commissioner. Of this deposit, $500.00 shall be retained by the Department to recover costs of developing the organization plate. Notwithstanding 32 V.S.A. § 502, the Commissioner may charge the actual costs of production of the plates against the fees collected and the balance shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund. Upon application, special plates shall be issued to a registrant of a vehicle registered at the pleasure car rate or of a truck registered for less than 26,001 pounds (but excluding trucks registered under the International Registration Plan) who furnishes the Commissioner satisfactory proof that the registrant is a member of an organization that has satisfied the requirements of this subdivision (b)(2). For each of the first 100 applicants to whom sets of plates are issued, the $21.00 special plate fee shall not be collected and shall be subtracted from the balance of the deposit. When the $2,100.00 balance of the deposit is depleted, applicants shall be required to pay the $21.00 fee as provided for in subdivision (2)(B) of this subsection. No organization shall charge its members any additional fee or premium charge for the authorization, right, or privilege to display special number plates, but any organization may recover up to $2,100.00 from applicants for the special plates.

(D) When an individual's membership in a qualifying organization ceases or is terminated, the individual shall immediately surrender any special registration plates issued under this subsection to the Commissioner. However, a retired member of the Vermont National Guard may renew or, upon payment of a $10.00 fee, acquire the special guard plates after notification of eligibility for retired pay has been received.

(c) The Commissioner shall issue registration numbers 101 through 9999, which shall be known as reserved registration numbers, for pleasure cars, trucks registered for less than 26,001 pounds, and motorcycles in the following manner:

(1) A person holding a reserved registration number may retain the number for the ensuing registration period, provided application is made at least 60 days prior to expiration of the registration.

(2) If the registrant does not renew the registration, the number may be reassigned to a member of the immediate family if application is made at least 60 days prior to expiration of the registration. As used in this subsection, “immediate family” means the spouse, household member, grandparents, parents, siblings, children, or grandchildren of the registrant.

(3) The Commissioner shall restrict the issuance of these registrations to residents of this State and may restrict issuance to applicants who do not already have such a registration issued to them.

(4) A person holding a reserved registration number on a pleasure car, a truck registered for less than 26,001 pounds, or a motorcycle may be issued the same reserved registration number for the other authorized vehicle types, provided that the person receives not more than one such plate or set of plates for each authorized vehicle type.

(d) Vanity or special organization number plates, whether new or renewed, shall be issued in any combination or succession of numerals and letters, provided the total of the numbers and letters on any plate taken together does not exceed seven, and further provided the requested combination of letters and numerals does not duplicate or resemble a regular issue registration plate. The Commissioner may adopt rules for the issuance of vanity or special organization number plates to ensure that all plates serve the primary purpose of vehicle identification. The Commissioner may revoke any plate described in this subsection and shall not issue plates with combinations of letters or numbers that objectively, in any language:

(1) are vulgar, scatological, or obscene, or constitute racial or ethnic epithets;

(2) connote breast, genitalia, pubic area, or buttocks or relate to sexual or eliminatory functions;

(3) refer to any intoxicant or drug; to the use, nonuse, distribution, or sale of an intoxicant or drug; or to a user, nonuser, or purveyor of an intoxicant or drug;

(4) refer to gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability status;

(5) suggest a government or governmental agency;

(6) suggest a privilege not given by law in this State; or

(7) form a slang term, abbreviation, phonetic spelling, or mirror image of a word described in subdivisions (1) through (6) of this subsection.

(e) [Repealed.]

(f) Upon the request of a registrant of a motor vehicle with the previous issue number plates, the Commissioner shall issue current issue number plates bearing the same number as shown on the previous issue plates that are being replaced. The initial one-time fee for the plates shall be $29.00 in addition to the regular registration fee. Official plates and plates with numbers of 9999 or lower are specifically exempted.

(g) Number plates bearing the Vermont Coat of Arms may be issued only to the Governor, members of the Vermont congressional delegation, and members of the General Assembly.

(h) The Department, on a quarterly basis, shall provide information to licensed inspection stations for distribution to the owners of motor vehicles during the annual inspection of their motor vehicles. That information shall encourage the proper management of used oil and shall include the telephone number of a recycling hotline that residents may call to determine the availability of a collection service that accepts used oil at the curb or otherwise to find the nearest location to recycle used oil.

(i) The Department and the Agency of Natural Resources shall work cooperatively regarding opportunities to provide information to the public with respect to the proper management of used oil and shall take appropriate steps to implement efficient and effective information distribution measures mutually agreed upon by the Department and the Agency.

(j) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall, upon proper application, issue special plates to Vermont veterans, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2) and including an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(24), and to members of the U.S. Armed Forces, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(10), for use on vehicles registered at the pleasure car rate, on vehicles registered at the motorcycle rate, and on trucks registered for less than 26,001 pounds and excluding vehicles registered under the International Registration Plan. The type and style of the plates shall be determined by the Commissioner and the Vermont Office of Veterans' Affairs. An applicant shall apply on a form prescribed by the Commissioner, and the applicant's eligibility as a member of one of the groups recognized will be certified by the Office of Veterans' Affairs. The plates shall be reissued only to the original holder of the plates or the surviving spouse. The Commissioner may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this subsection. Except for new or renewed registrations, applications for the issuance of plates under this subsection shall be processed in the order received by the Department subject to normal workflow considerations. The costs associated with developing new emblems shall be borne by the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(k)(1) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall, upon proper application, issue special gold star and next-of-kin plates for use only on vehicles registered at the pleasure car rate and on trucks registered for less than 26,001 pounds and excluding vehicles registered under the International Registration Plan, as follows:

(A) Gold star plates shall be issued to the widow or widower, parents, and next of kin as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 1126(d) of members of the U.S. Armed Forces who lost their lives under the circumstances described in 10 U.S.C. § 1126(a).

(B) Next-of-kin plates shall be issued to the widow or widower, parents, and next of kin as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 1126(d) of members of the Armed Forces not eligible for gold star plates under subdivision (A) of this subdivision (1) who lost their lives while serving on active duty or on active duty for training, or while assigned in a Reserve or National Guard unit in drill status, or as a result of injury or illness incurred during such service or assignment.

(2) The type and style of the gold star and next-of-kin plates shall be determined by the Commissioner and the Vermont Office of Veterans' Affairs, except that a gold star shall appear on one side of gold star plates and a distinct emblem shall be approved for next-of-kin plates. An applicant shall apply on a form prescribed by the Commissioner, and the applicant's eligibility will be certified by the Office of Veterans' Affairs. A plate shall be reissued only to the original holder of the plate. The Commissioner may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this subsection. Except for new or renewed registrations, applications for the issuance of gold star or next-of-kin plates shall be processed in the order received by the Department subject to normal workflow considerations.

(l) Not later than July 1, 2026, the Commissioner shall begin issuing number and vanity plates for plug-in electric vehicles, as defined in subdivision 4(85) of this title, indicating that the vehicle is a plug-in electric vehicle. Not later than July 1, 2028, all plug-in electric vehicles registered in this State shall display plates indicating that the vehicle is a plug-in electric vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 372 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 372
§ 372. Motor bus
Status: in_force

The annual fee for registration of a motor bus shall be based on the actual weight of such bus, plus passenger carrying capacity at 150 pounds per person, and shall be $2.40 per 100 pounds of such weight, except for motor buses registered under section 372a or 376 of this title. Fractions of a hundred-weight shall be disregarded. The minimum fee for the registration of any motor bus shall be $43.00.
23 V.S.A. § 3026 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3026
§ 3026. Reports by railroads
Status: in_force

(a) Every person or corporation operating a railroad in the State shall file by mail a report with the Commissioner on forms prescribed by him or her, which shall include the number of gallons of fuel used in Vermont by railroad trains owned or operated by them on a quarterly basis on or before October 31 for the calendar quarter ending September 30, on or before January 31 for the calendar quarter ending December 31, on or before April 30 for the calendar quarter ending March 31, and on or before July 31 for the calendar quarter ending June 30.

(b) Each report required under this section shall be accompanied by a remittance payable to the Agency of Transportation for an amount computed by multiplying the number of gallons of fuel indicated on the report at the rate per gallon for railroad fuel indicated in section 3003 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3025 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3025
§ 3025. Records required
Status: in_force

(a) The user of a motor truck with a gross weight or registered weight of 26,001 pounds or more shall maintain a daily record of total miles traveled and miles traveled within the State.

(b) Such records shall be retained by the user for a period of not less than four years and shall be available for inspection by the Commissioner or designated agents or enforcement officers.
23 V.S.A. § 3381 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3381
§ 3381. Divers; flag required
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section:

(1) “Diver” means any person who is wholly submerged in the waters of the State and is equipped with a face mask and snorkel or “underwater breathing apparatus.”

(2) “Divers-down flag” means a flag that is either square or rectangular, to approximately four units high by five units long, with a one-unit diagonal stripe. The divers-down flag shall have a white diagonal stripe on a red background. The stripe shall begin at the top staff-side of the flag and extend diagonally to the opposite lower corner. The flag shall be free-flying and shall be removed when all divers are out of the water. The minimum size shall be 12 by 12 inches.

(b) All divers shall prominently display a divers-down flag in the area in which the diving occurs, other than when diving in an area customarily used for swimming only. Persons diving together as a group, in the same diving area, shall display at least one flag.

(c) A person who violates this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $100.00 for each violation.
23 V.S.A. § 451 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 451
§ 451. Dealer's certificate
Status: in_force

(a) Instead of registering each motor vehicle owned by him or her, a dealer may apply under oath to the Commissioner, upon forms prescribed and furnished by the Commissioner for that purpose, and accompanied by such additional information and certifications as the Commissioner may reasonably require, for a general distinguishing number for such motor vehicles. If the Commissioner is satisfied that the applicant meets all the requirements of section 4 and chapter 7 of this title and is qualified to engage in such business, the Commissioner may issue to the applicant a certificate of registration containing the name, place of residence, and address of such applicant, the general distinguishing number assigned, and such additional information as the Commissioner may determine. If a dealer has a place of business or agency in more than one city or town, he or she shall file an application and secure a certificate of registration for each place of business or agency. The place of business or agency shall mean a place in any town where motor vehicles owned by a dealer are regularly kept or exposed for sale in the custody or control of the dealer or a salesman, employee, or agent of such dealer. In his or her discretion, the Commissioner may assign the same distinguishing number with more than one certificate to any dealer who has separate places of business within the same or an adjacent city or town within Vermont. The Commissioner may allow a dealer having one distinguishing number with more than one certificate to maintain only one central area for the maintenance of records required by law to be kept, including those required by section 466 of this title and for the transfer of motor vehicles. This location must be in Vermont and must be disclosed on the application prior to approval and may be changed only with the approval of the Commissioner or his or her agent. Dealer registration plates shall contain letters indicating the type of dealer certificate issued before the distinguishing number.

(b) With the prior approval of the Commissioner, a Vermont dealer may display vehicles on a temporary basis, but in no instance for more than 14 consecutive days, at a fair, show, exhibition, or other off-site location. New vehicles may only be displayed off-site within the manufacturer's stated area of responsibility in the franchise agreement. No sales may be transacted at these off-site locations. A dealer desiring to display vehicles temporarily at an off-site location shall notify the Commissioner in a manner prescribed by the Commissioner no less than two days prior to the first day for which approval is requested.

(c) A dealer in new or used motor vehicles may temporarily transfer possession of a vehicle owned by the dealer on consignment to a registered auction dealer or Vermont licensed auctioneer to be sold at public or private wholesale auction by the auction dealer or Vermont licensed auctioneer.

(d) The issuance of snowmobile, motorboat, and all-terrain vehicle dealer registrations are governed by this chapter and sections 3204, 3305, and 3504 of this title, respectively.
23 V.S.A. § 3116 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3116
§ 3116. Proceedings to recover tax
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever any person fails to pay any tax, penalty, or interest under this title, the Attorney General shall, upon the request of the Commissioner, enforce the payment on behalf of the State in any court of the State or of any other state of the United States or of any province of Canada.

(b) The remedy for the collection of taxes provided by 32 V.S.A. § 9811(b) shall be available to the Commissioner as an additional or alternate remedy and the Commissioner may issue a warrant directed to an enforcement officer who may exercise throughout the State the same powers granted to a sheriff in his or her county.

(c) The Commissioner is authorized to contract with private collection agencies for collection of tax penalties and interest imposed on persons who have failed to pay after reasonable notification of the debt. The Commissioner may agree to pay collection agencies a fixed rate for services rendered or a percentage of the amount actually collected by the agencies and remitted to the State. Notwithstanding 32 V.S.A. § 502, the Commissioner may charge against the collections an agreed-upon fixed rate or percentage of collections.
23 V.S.A. § 2047 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2047
§ 2047. Method of perfecting security interest exclusive
Status: in_force

The method provided in this subchapter of perfecting and giving notice of security interests subject to this subchapter is exclusive. Security interests subject to this subchapter are hereby exempted from the provisions of law that otherwise require or relate to the filing of instruments creating or evidencing security interests.
23 V.S.A. § 111 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 111
§ 111. Emergency extension of time
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, with the approval of the Governor, may in an emergency extend the period for which any vehicle registration, operator's license, or vehicle certificate of periodic inspection is valid for periods not to exceed 30 days each.
23 V.S.A. § 1021 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1021
§ 1021. Obedience to traffic-control devices
Status: in_force

(a) The driver of any vehicle shall obey the instructions of any official traffic-control device applicable to him or her placed in accordance with this chapter unless otherwise directed by an enforcement officer, subject to the exceptions granted in this chapter.

(b) No provision of this chapter for which signs are required may be enforced if at the time and place of the alleged violation an official sign is not in approximately proper position and sufficiently legible to be seen by an ordinarily observant person. Whenever a particular section does not state that signs are required, the section is effective even though no signs are erected or in place.

(c) Whenever official traffic-control devices are placed in positions approximately conforming to this chapter, the devices are presumed to have been placed by the official act or direction of lawful authority, unless the contrary is established by competent evidence.

(d) An official traffic-control device placed pursuant to this chapter and purporting to conform to the lawful requirements pertaining to the device is presumed to comply with this chapter, unless the contrary is established by competent evidence.
23 V.S.A. § 1746 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1746
§ 1746. Violations; admission; waiver
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who has violated any ordinance of the town that regulates, districts, or defines the time, place, or manner of parking vehicles in the town and who has not been convicted of any violation of the parking ordinances more than twice before in the same calendar year may, within three business days after the date of such violation, by a statement signed by him or her, admit the violation and waive the issuance of any process and a trial by jury or hearing, and may voluntarily pay to the police court of the town the prescribed penalty.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, whenever in the opinion of the court the gravity of the offense requires a fine in excess of the prescribed penalty, as provided in section 1749 of this chapter, the court may refuse to accept the signed statement and penalty and refer the matter to the State's Attorney who may proceed against the offender in the manner prescribed by law. In that event, the signed statement and penalty shall be returned to the offender and shall not be considered as an admission or used as evidence in any court in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 2021 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2021
§ 2021. Refusal of certificate
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall refuse issuance of a certificate of title if any required fee is not paid or the Commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that:

(1) the applicant is not the owner of the vehicle;

(2) the application contains a false or fraudulent statement; or

(3) the applicant fails to furnish required information or documents or any additional information the Commissioner reasonably requires.
23 V.S.A. § 1007a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1007a
§ 1007a. Neighborhood electric vehicles; speed limit
Status: in_force

The maximum speed for a neighborhood electric vehicle shall be 25 miles per hour.
23 V.S.A. § 1400c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1400c
§ 1400c. Gross limits on town highways and bridges
Status: in_force

When a town bridge or highway is posted for State limits, the gross weight limits on town highways and bridges shall be the weight allowed by the State, including any additional weight allowed by permit.
23 V.S.A. § 3703 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3703
§ 3703. Temporary authorization
Status: in_force

Any International Registration Plan registrant based in this State may apply by mail and be issued temporary authorization to operate a vehicle not in the registrant's fleet for a period not to exceed 45 days for a fee of $15.00. Any person to whom temporary authorization is issued shall submit an application by mail for permanent registration for the vehicle covered by the temporary authorization within 10 days after the date of its issuance. Failure to submit an application within the 10-day period may result in the suspension of the temporary authorization. The temporary authorization shall be kept with the vehicle while being operated.
23 V.S.A. § 3901 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3901
§ 3901. The compact
Status: in_force

The Driver License Compact, hereinafter called “the compact,” is entered into with all other jurisdictions legally joining, in the form substantially as follows.
23 V.S.A. § 3513 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 31 / Section 3513
§ 3513. Liability insurance; authority to contract for law enforcement services
Status: in_force

(a) The amount of 90 percent of the fees and penalties collected under this chapter, except interest, is allocated to the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation for use by the Vermont ATV Sportsman's Association (VASA) for development and maintenance of a Statewide ATV Trail Program, for trail liability insurance, and to contract for law enforcement services with any constable, sheriff's department, municipal police department, the Department of Public Safety, and the Department of Fish and Wildlife for purposes of trail compliance pursuant to this chapter. The Departments of Public Safety and of Fish and Wildlife are authorized to contract with VASA to provide these law enforcement services. The Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation shall retain for its use up to $7,000.00 during each fiscal year to be used for administration of the State grant that supports this Program.

(b) The Secretary of Administration shall assist VASA with the procurement of trail liability and other related insurance.

(c) VASA shall purchase a trail liability insurance policy in the amount of $1,000,000.00. The State of Vermont shall be named an additional insured. The policy shall extend to all VASA-affiliated ATV clubs and their respective employees and agents to provide for trail liability coverage for development and maintenance of the Statewide ATV Trail Program.

(d) Nothing contained in this section shall authorize or create any cause of action to accrue or to be maintained against the State of Vermont.

(e) Any fees and penalties allocated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not revert but shall be available until spent. Any accrued interest shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 414 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 414
§ 414. Special permits for foreign public utilities
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may issue to public utilities operating in this State, for a nominal fee, a special permit for vehicles engaged in emergency repair work in this State, provided such vehicles are registered in some other state, have registration plates attached, and are driven by an individual licensed to operate motor vehicles in this or some other state.
23 V.S.A. § 1432 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1432
§ 1432. Length of vehicles
Status: repealed

(a) Operation of vehicles with or without a trailer or semitrailer. No motor vehicle without a trailer or semitrailer attached, which is longer than 46 feet overall, shall be operated upon any highway except under special permission from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. A motor vehicle with a trailer or semitrailer shall be operated, with regard to the length of the vehicle, pursuant to this section. If there is a trailer or semitrailer, the distance between the kingpin of the semitrailer to the center of the rearmost axle group shall not exceed 41 feet. An “axle group” is defined as two or more axles where the centers of all the axles are spaced at an equal distance apart.

(1) Vehicles with a trailer or semitrailer not exceeding 75 feet. If the overall length of a vehicle with a trailer or semitrailer does not exceed 75 feet, it may be operated without a permit.

(2) Use of vehicles with a trailer or semitrailer longer than 75 feet by a Vermont shipper or receiver of goods. A receiver or shipper of goods located in Vermont may request from the Agency of Transportation access to a State highway for a commercial motor vehicle where the overall length exceeds 75 feet. If the total vehicle length is in excess of 75 feet or the distance from the steering axle to the rearmost tractor axle is longer than 25 feet, a permit may be requested from the Commissioner. In that event, the Agency of Transportation shall review the route or routes requested, making its determination for approval based on safety and engineering considerations, after considering input from local government and regional planning commissions or the metropolitan planning organization. The Agency shall maintain consistency in its application of acceptable highway geometry when approving other routes. The Agency may authorize safety precautions on these highways, if warranted, that shall include precautionary signage, intelligent transportation system signage, special speed limits, and use of flashing lights.

(3) Vehicles with a trailer or semitrailer longer than 75 feet. If the overall length of a vehicle with a trailer or semitrailer is longer than 75 feet, a permit may be issued pursuant to subdivision 1402(b)(1) of this title.

(b) Rear-end protective devices on trailers. A trailer or semitrailer not in excess of 53 feet may be operated, provided the semitrailer is equipped with a rear-end protective device of substantial construction consisting of a continuous lateral beam extending to within four inches of the lateral extremities of the semitrailer and located not more than 22 inches from the surface as measured with the vehicle empty and on a level surface.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) Operation of pole semitrailers. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prevent the operation of so-called pole dinkeys or pole semitrailers when being used to support the ends of poles, timbers, pipes, or structural members capable, generally, of sustaining themselves as beams between the supporting connections, the overall length of which may exceed 75 feet under special permission from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(e) Operation on interstate highways. Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and those classes of qualifying Federal-aid Primary System highways as designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and on highways leading to or from the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways for a distance of one mile, unless the Agency of Transportation finds the use of a specific highway to be unsafe, no overall length limits for tractor-semitrailer or tractor semitrailer-trailer combination shall apply. On these highways, no semitrailer in a tractor-semitrailer combination longer than 53 feet and no trailer or semitrailer in a tractor-semitrailer-trailer combination longer than 28 feet shall be operated. However, the limits established by this section shall not be construed in such a manner as to prohibit the use of semitrailers in a tractor-semitrailer combination of such dimensions as were in actual and lawful use in this State on December 1, 1982.

(f) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 3904 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3904
§ 3904. Reports of conviction-Article III
Status: in_force

The licensing authority of a party state shall report each conviction of a person from another party state occurring within its jurisdiction to the licensing authority of the home state of the licensee. The report shall clearly identify the person convicted; describe the violation specifying the section of the statute, code, or ordinance violated; identify the court in which action was taken; indicate whether a plea of guilty or not guilty was entered, or the security; and shall include any special findings made in connection with the report.
23 V.S.A. § 809 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 809
§ 809. Waiver of proof of financial responsibility
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall relieve an operator from the obligation to furnish proof of financial responsibility after one year from the crash, conviction, or judgment giving rise to the obligation. In the event that a suspension or revocation resulted from the conviction giving rise to the obligation, an operator shall not be relieved of the obligation to furnish proof of financial responsibility until one year after his or her reinstatement eligibility date.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner shall not relieve an operator from the obligation to furnish proof of financial responsibility until three years after a conviction of careless and negligent operation of a motor vehicle resulting in death, conviction of reckless driving of a motor vehicle resulting in death, or second and subsequent conviction of a violation of section 1201 of this title. In the event that a suspension resulted from the conviction giving rise to the obligation, an operator shall not be relieved of the obligation to furnish proof of financial responsibility until three years after his or her reinstatement eligibility date.

(c) This section shall not be construed to relieve an operator of his or her responsibility to comply with the mandatory insurance requirement set forth in section 800 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1003 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1003
§ 1003. State speed zones
Status: in_force

(a) When the Traffic Committee constituted under 19 V.S.A. § 1(24) determines, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that shall take into account, if applicable, safe speeds within school zones (or safe speeds within 200 feet of school district-operated prekindergarten program facilities owned or leased by a school district) when children are traveling to or from such schools or facilities, that a maximum speed limit established by this chapter is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under conditions found to exist at any place or upon any part of a State highway, including the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, it may determine and declare a reasonable and safe limit that is effective when appropriate signs stating the limit are erected. This limit may be declared to be effective at all times or at times indicated upon the signs; and differing limits may be established for different times of day, different types of vehicles, varying weather conditions, or based on other factors bearing on safe speeds, which are effective when posted upon appropriate fixed or alterable signs.

(b) When establishing a maximum speed limit on a State highway contiguous to a school, the Traffic Committee shall consider, along with the engineering and traffic investigation, data collected for the purpose of promulgating a school travel plan under the Vermont Safe Routes to School Program.
23 V.S.A. § 885 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 885
§ 885. Waiver of defenses against injured party
Status: in_force

When evidence of insurance is offered to the Commissioner that a contract or policy of insurance issued by a liability insurance company or a surety bond has been procured in accordance with the provisions of section 881 of this title, the presentation of such proof shall include certification that the policy of insurance or bond includes or has appended a certificate waiving, as against injured persons, all defenses based on false representations or breach of warranties as set forth in the application for the policy of liability insurance or indemnity bond by the insured. Such contract or policy of insurance or surety bond shall be for the benefit of a person injured in person or property, to the amounts indicated, to satisfy the legal liability of the insured.
23 V.S.A. § 1223 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1223
§ 1223. Prohibitions
Status: in_force

A person shall not affix or cause to be affixed to a motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer a certification of inspection that was not assigned by an official inspection station to such motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer. No person shall reaffix or cause to be reaffixed an official sticker once removed; instead, replacement stickers shall be affixed as prescribed by the rules for replacement sticker agents. A person shall not knowingly operate a motor vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer to which a certification of inspection is affixed if the certification of inspection was not assigned by an official station to that vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer.
23 V.S.A. § 1221 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1221
§ 1221. Condition of vehicle
Status: in_force

A motor vehicle, operated on any highway, shall be in good mechanical condition and shall be properly equipped.
23 V.S.A. § 883 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 883
§ 883. Amount of insurance or bond
Status: in_force

The amount of insurance or of such bond that an owner of a motor bus shall carry as insurance or indemnity against claims for personal injury, death, or property damage shall be determined by the Transportation Board. Such policy or bond shall also indemnify the insured against legal liability resulting from damage to property to the amount of $2,000.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1702 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1702
§ 1702. Assignment of new number
Status: in_force

The application shall not be granted by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles until he or she is satisfied that the person applying for the assignment of such new identifying number is the rightful owner of the motor vehicle described in the application.
23 V.S.A. § 1134b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1134b
§ 1134b. Using tobacco or cannabis in a motor vehicle with child present
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not possess a lighted tobacco product or use a tobacco substitute as defined in 7 V.S.A. § 1001 in a motor vehicle that is occupied by a child required to be properly restrained in a federally approved child passenger restraining system pursuant to subdivision 1258(a)(1) or (2) of this title.

(b) A person shall not use cannabis as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 4201 in a motor vehicle that is occupied by a child under 18 years of age.

(c)(1) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $100.00 and no points shall be assessed.

(2) A person who violates subsection (b) of this section commits a misdemeanor crime and shall be subject to the following penalties:

(A) a fine of not more than $500.00 for a first offense;

(B) a fine of not more than $750.00 for a second offense; and

(C) a fine of not more than $1,000.00 for a third or subsequent offense.

(3) A person who violates subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed two points.
23 V.S.A. § 1004 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1004
§ 1004. Interstate highway rules
Status: in_force

(a) The Traffic Committee has exclusive authority to make and publish, and from time to time may alter, amend, or repeal, rules pertaining to vehicular, pedestrian, and animal traffic, and the public safety on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and other limited access and controlled access highways within this State. The rules and any amendments or revisions may be made by the Committee only in accordance with 3 V.S.A. chapter 25. The rules shall be consistent with accepted motor vehicle codes or standards, shall be consistent with law, and shall not be unreasonable or discriminatory in respect to persons engaged in like, similar, or competitive activities. The rules are applicable only to the extent that they are not in conflict with regulations or orders issued by any agency of the United States having jurisdiction and shall be drawn with due consideration for the desirability of uniformity of law of the several states of the United States.

(b) Rules authorized by this section are effective on interstate and other limited access and controlled access highways only, taking precedence over those then in force and future highway laws and rules applicable to highways generally; however, the general highway laws and rules are effective on interstate highways until properly authorized rules providing otherwise are adopted.

(c) Rules, together with alterations and amendments of rules, made under this section have the force of law, and violations shall be traffic violations under section 2302 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3551 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3551
§ 3551. Enactment of compact
Status: in_force

The Nonresident Violator Compact, hereinafter called “the compact,” is hereby enacted into law and entered into with all other jurisdictions legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows.
23 V.S.A. § 3207d — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207d
§ 3207d. Permissive inferences
Status: in_force

Upon the trial of any civil or criminal action or proceeding arising out of acts alleged to have been committed by a person while operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State, the person's alcohol concentration shall give rise to the following permissive inferences:

(1) If the person's alcohol concentration at that time was less than 0.08, such fact shall not give rise to any presumption or permissive inference that the person was or was not under the influence of alcohol, but such fact may be considered with other competent evidence in determining whether the person was under the influence of alcohol.

(2) If the person's alcohol concentration at that time was 0.08 or more, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of subdivision 3207a(a)(2) or (3) of this title.

(3) If the person's alcohol concentration at any time within two hours of the alleged offense was 0.10 or more, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of subdivision 3207a(a)(2) or (3) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3112 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3112
§ 3112. Assessment; hearing permitted
Status: in_force

A distributor against whom assessment is made pursuant to section 3110 or 3111 of this title may appear in person or by counsel in the office of the Commissioner within 15 days after the mailing to him or her of notice of the assessment then and there to show cause why the assessment is in error or to present any other facts or testimony that would bear on the amount of the assessment or the manner in which it was made. The hearing may be continued. If the distributor or his or her agent does not appear within the 15 days, the assessment shall become final.
23 V.S.A. § 1605 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1605
§ 1605. Definitions [Effective July 2, 2025 or July 1, 2027; see also 23 @ § 1605 effective until July 2, 2025 or July 1, 2027, set out above]
Status: repealed

As used in this subchapter:

(1) “Active data” is distinct from historical data as defined in subdivision (5) of this section and means data uploaded to individual automated license plate recognition system units before operation as well as data gathered during the operation of an ALPR system. Any data collected by an ALPR system in accordance with section 1607 of this subchapter shall be considered collected for a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

(2) “Automated license plate recognition system” or “ALPR system” means a system of one or more mobile or fixed high-speed cameras combined with computer algorithms to convert images of registration number plates into computer-readable data.

(3) “Automated traffic law enforcement system” or “ATLE system” means a device with one or more sensors working in conjunction with a speed measuring device to produce recorded images of the rear registration number plates of motor vehicles traveling at more than 10 miles above the speed limit.

(4) “Calibration laboratory” means an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17025 accredited testing laboratory that is approved by the Commissioner of Public Safety.

(5) “Historical data” means any data collected by an ALPR system and stored on the statewide automated law enforcement server operated by the Vermont Justice Information Sharing System of the Department of Public Safety. Any data collected by an ALPR system in accordance with section 1607 of this subchapter shall be considered collected for a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

(6) “Law enforcement officer” means an individual certified by the Vermont Criminal Justice Council as a Level II or Level III law enforcement officer under 20 V.S.A. § 2358 and is a State Police officer, municipal police officer, sheriff, or deputy sheriff; or a constable who exercises law enforcement authority pursuant to 24 V.S.A. § 1936a.

(7) “Legitimate law enforcement purpose” applies to access to active or historical data and means investigation, detection, analysis, or enforcement of a crime or of a commercial motor vehicle violation or a person's defense against a charge of a crime or commercial motor vehicle violation, or operation of AMBER alerts or missing or endangered person searches.

(8) “Owner” means the first or only listed registered owner of a motor vehicle or the first or only listed lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of one year or more.

(9) “Recorded image” means a photograph, microphotograph, electronic image, or electronic video that shows, clearly enough to identify, the rear registration number plate of a motor vehicle that has activated the radar component of an ATLE system by traveling past the ATLE system at more than 10 miles above the speed limit.

(10) “Vermont Intelligence Center analyst” means any sworn or civilian employee who through employment with the Vermont Intelligence Center (VIC) has access to secure storage systems that support law enforcement investigations.

As used in this subchapter:

(1) [Repealed.]

(2) “Automated license plate recognition system” or “ALPR system” means a system of one or more mobile or fixed high-speed cameras combined with computer algorithms to convert images of registration number plates into computer-readable data.

(3) “Automated traffic law enforcement system” or “ATLE system” means a device with one or more sensors working in conjunction with a speed measuring device to produce recorded images of the rear registration number plates of motor vehicles traveling at more than 10 miles above the speed limit.

(4) [Repealed.]

(5) [Repealed.]

(6) [Repealed.]

(7) [Repealed.]

(8) [Repealed.]

(9) [Repealed.]

(10) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 1609 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1609
§ 1609. Prohibition on use of automated law enforcement [Effective July 2, 2025 or July 1, 2027]
Status: in_force

No State agency or department or any political subdivision of the State shall use automated license plate recognition systems or automated traffic law enforcement systems.
23 V.S.A. § 3 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 3
§ 3. Application to common carriers
Status: in_force

Sections 4(34), 921, 1075, 1281, 1281a, 1282, and 1283 of this title shall not apply to a Type I school bus owned or operated by a common carrier.
23 V.S.A. § 206 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / Section 206
§ 206. Surcharge
Status: in_force

A person convicted of violating a provision of this chapter shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this section to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 323 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 323
§ 323. Transfer fees
Status: in_force

A person who transfers the ownership of a registered motor vehicle to another, upon the filing of a new application and upon the payment of a fee of $30.00, may have registered in the person's name another motor vehicle for the remainder of the registration period without payment of any additional registration fee, provided the proper registration fee of the motor vehicle sought to be registered is the same as the registration fee of the transferred motor vehicle. However, if the proper registration fee of the motor vehicle sought to be registered by such person is greater than the registration fee of the transferred motor vehicle, the applicant shall pay, in addition to such fee of $30.00, the difference between the registration fee of the motor vehicle previously registered and the proper fee for the registration of the motor vehicle sought to be registered.
23 V.S.A. § 613 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 613
§ 613. Replacement license
Status: in_force

(a) In case of the loss, mutilation, or destruction of a license or error in a license, the licensee shall immediately notify the Commissioner who shall furnish the licensee with a replacement on receipt of $24.00.

(b) A replacement license shall not be issued to any individual who has surrendered the individual's license to another jurisdiction in connection with obtaining a license in that jurisdiction.
23 V.S.A. § 633 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 633
§ 633. Examiners
Status: in_force

Inspectors appointed under the provisions of section 103 of this title shall also be examiners of new applicants for operators' licenses.
23 V.S.A. § 616 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 616
§ 616. Extension of license for members of U.S. Armed Forces and immediate family members
Status: in_force

(a) Definition. As used in this section, “immediate family member” means a child; stepchild; foster child; spouse; domestic partner, as defined in 17 V.S.A. § 2414; civil union partner; parent; or parent of a spouse, domestic partner, or civil union partner.

(b) Members of the U.S. Armed Forces.

(1) A resident of Vermont who is a member of the U.S. Armed Forces and who at the time of his or her induction or enlistment into the U.S. Armed Forces, or who during his or her term of service with the U.S. Armed Forces, was the holder of a valid Vermont license to operate motor vehicles issued by the Commissioner shall, notwithstanding the expiration of the license, be entitled to operate a motor vehicle with that expired license during his or her term of service and until 30 days after receiving a discharge from the U.S. Armed Forces, but not to exceed four years from the date of expiration of his or her license.

(2) A resident of Vermont who is a member of the Reserve Component of the U.S. Armed Forces and who at the time he or she is called to active duty was the holder of a valid Vermont license to operate motor vehicles issued by the Commissioner shall, notwithstanding the expiration of such license, be entitled to operate a motor vehicle with that expired license during his or her term of active duty and until 30 days after being released from active duty, but not to exceed four years from the date of expiration of his or her license.

(c) Immediate family members of members of the U.S. Armed Forces.

(1) A resident of Vermont who is absent from the State because his or her immediate family member is serving with the U.S. Armed Forces and who had a valid Vermont license to operate motor vehicles issued by the Commissioner at the time of the immediate family member's induction or enlistment into the U.S. Armed Forces shall, notwithstanding the expiration of the license, be entitled to operate a motor vehicle with that expired license during the immediate family member's term of service and until 30 days after his or her immediate family member is discharged from the U.S. Armed Forces, but not to exceed four years from the date of expiration of his or her license.

(2) A resident of Vermont who is absent from the State because his or her immediate family member is a member of the Reserve Component of the U.S. Armed Forces who had a valid Vermont license to operate motor vehicles issued by the Commissioner at the time of the immediate family member's call to active duty shall, notwithstanding the expiration of such license, be entitled to operate a motor vehicle with that expired license during his or her immediate family member's term of active duty and until 30 days after his or her immediate family is released from active duty, but not to exceed four years from the date of expiration of his or her license.

(d) Proof required. Any member of the U.S. Armed Forces or immediate family member of a member of the U.S. Armed Forces operating a motor vehicle with an expired license pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) shall, while operating a motor vehicle, carry the last license issued to him or her and conclusive evidence that he or she is a member of the U.S. Armed Forces or the immediate family member of a member of the U.S. Armed Forces and, if the member of the U.S. Armed Forces is discharged or released from active duty, a copy of the applicable DD-214 or similar document of discharge or release from active duty.

(e) Effect of revocation, suspension, or refusal. Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit an individual against whom a revocation or suspension of license has been issued or is in force, or an individual who has been refused a license by the Commissioner, to operate a motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3827 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3827
§ 3827. Lienholder to furnish information
Status: in_force

A lienholder named in a certificate of title shall, upon written request of the owner or of another lienholder named on the certificate, disclose any pertinent information as to his or her security agreement and the indebtedness secured by it.
23 V.S.A. § 381 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 381
§ 381. Fees turned over to State Treasurer
Status: repealed

(a) Except as otherwise provided, all fees for registering motor vehicles, licensing operators, and all other motor vehicle fees shall be collected by the Commissioner and immediately paid into the State Treasury or deposited to a bank to the credit of the State Treasurer as the State Treasurer may direct.

(b)-(d) [Repealed.]

(e) Whenever a payment is received that is less than, but within $0.99 of, the required fee, the transaction shall be processed. The Commissioner may determine that action will not be taken to collect the missing portion of the fee. When a payment up to $1.00 greater than the required fee is received, the excess shall not be refunded.
23 V.S.A. § 1097 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1097
§ 1097. Excessive speed
Status: in_force

No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public highway at a speed of 60 miles per hour or more and at least 30 miles per hour in excess of a State speed zone or local speed limit. A person who violates this section shall be imprisoned upon a first conviction not more than three months or fined not more than $300.00, or both, and upon a second conviction shall be imprisoned not more than six months or fined not more than $500.00, or both.
23 V.S.A. § 2019 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2019
§ 2019. Mailing or delivering certificate
Status: in_force

The certificate of title shall be mailed or personally delivered, upon proper identification of the individual, to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner. However, a person is entitled to a personal delivery of only one title in a single day and of no more than three titles in a calendar month.
23 V.S.A. § 1408 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1408
§ 1408. Operating vehicle in excess of registered capacity
Status: in_force

A motor truck, tractor, trailer, or other vehicle, machine, or contrivance shall not be operated or moved upon any highway with a gross weight, including load and vehicle, greater than the total registered weight of the vehicle and the declared registered capacity thereof and a tolerance of five percent. In a prosecution for a violation of this section, the proper defendant shall be either the owner or lessee of the vehicle, machine, or contrivance or the person who operates the vehicle, machine, or contrivance. This section shall not apply to the operation of a motor truck, tractor, trailer, or other vehicle, machine, or contrivance while being operated strictly in compliance with and in conformity to the provisions of a permit so to do issued by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles as otherwise provided in this title.