23 V.S.A. § 304a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 304a
§ 304a. Special registration plates and placards for individuals with disabilities
Status: reserved

(a) As used in this section:

(1) “Ambulatory disability” means an impairment that prevents or impedes walking. An individual shall be considered to have an ambulatory disability if the individual:

(A) cannot walk 200 feet without stopping to rest;

(B) cannot walk without the use of, or assistance from, a brace, cane, crutch, another individual, prosthetic device, wheelchair, or other assistive device;

(C) is restricted by lung disease to such an extent that the individual's forced (respiratory) expiratory volume for one second, when measured by spirometry, is less than one liter, or the arterial oxygen tension is less than 60 mm/hg on room air at rest;

(D) uses portable oxygen;

(E) has a cardiac condition to the extent that the individual's functional limitations are classified in severity as Class III or Class IV according to standards set by the American Heart Association; or

(F) is severely limited in the individual's ability to walk due to an arthritic, neurological, or orthopedic condition.

(2) “Blind” means the visual impairment of an individual whose central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with corrective lenses or whose visual acuity, if better than 20/200, is accompanied by a limit to the field of vision in the better eye to such a degree that its widest diameter subtends an angle of no greater than 20 degrees.

(3) “Special registration plates” means a registration plate for individuals with disabilities that displays the International Symbol of Access:

(A) in a color that contrasts with the background; and

(B) in the same size as the letters or numbers on the plate.

(4) “Removable windshield placard” means a two-sided, hanger style placard that includes on each side:

(A) the International Symbol of Access, which is at least three inches in height, centered on the placard, and is a color that contrasts with the placard's background color;

(B) an identification number;

(C) a date of expiration; and

(D) the seal or other identification of the issuing authority.

(5) “Temporary removable windshield placard” means a two-sided hanger style placard that includes on each side:

(A) the International Symbol of Access, which is at least three inches in height, centered on the placard, and is a color that contrasts with the placard's background color;

(B) an identification number;

(C) a date of expiration; and

(D) the seal or other identification of the issuing authority.

(6) “Eligible person” means:

(A) an individual who is blind or has an ambulatory disability and has been issued a special registration plate or a windshield placard by this State or another state;

(B) a person who is transporting an individual described in subdivision (A) of this subdivision (6); or

(C) an individual transporting an individual who is blind or has an ambulatory disability on behalf of an organization that has been issued a special registration plate or a windshield placard by this State or another state for the purpose of transporting an individual who is blind or has an ambulatory disability.

(b) Special registration plates or removable windshield placards, or both, shall be issued by the Commissioner. The placard shall be issued without a fee to an individual who is blind or has an ambulatory disability. One set of plates shall be issued without additional fees for a vehicle registered or leased to an individual who is blind or has an ambulatory disability or to a parent or guardian of an individual with a permanent disability. The Commissioner shall issue these placards or plates under rules adopted by the Commissioner after proper application has been made to the Commissioner by any person residing within the State. Application forms shall be available on request at the Department of Motor Vehicles.

(1) Upon application for a special registration plate or removable windshield placard, the Commissioner shall send a form prescribed by the Commissioner to the applicant to be signed and returned by a licensed physician, licensed physician assistant, or licensed advanced practice registered nurse. The Commissioner shall file the form for future reference and issue the placard or plate. A new application shall be submitted every four years in the case of placards and at every third registration renewal for plates but in no case greater than every four years. When a licensed physician, licensed physician assistant, or licensed advanced practice registered nurse has previously certified to the Commissioner that an applicant's condition is both permanent and stable, a special registration plate or placard need not be renewed.

(2) Upon application of an organization, the Commissioner shall issue special registration plates for a vehicle registered in the applicant's name if the vehicle is primarily used to transport individuals who have an ambulatory disability or are blind. Placards shall also be issued without a fee, upon application in a form prescribed by the Commissioner, to an organization to be used when transporting individuals who have an ambulatory disability or are blind. The plates and placards shall be subject to the restrictions set forth in subdivision (a)(3) of this section.

(3) An individual with a disability who abuses such privileges or allows individuals not disabled to abuse the privileges provided in this section may have this privilege revoked after suitable notice and opportunity for hearing has been given the individual by the Commissioner. Hearings under the provisions of this section shall be held in accordance with sections 105–107 of this title and shall be subject to review by the Civil Division of the Superior Court of the county where the individual with a disability resides.

(4) An applicant for a registration plate or placard for individuals with disabilities may request the Civil Division of the Superior Court in the county in which the applicant resides to review a decision by the Commissioner to deny the applicant's application for a special registration plate or placard.

(5) If the authenticity of the medical need for the special registration is challenged with reasons in writing, the Commissioner may have physicians with the Vermont Department of Health review the medical facts, with the knowledge of the individual with a disability and the licensed physician, licensed physician assistant, or licensed advanced practice registered nurse who filled in the medical form for the special registration, in order to determine eligibility and so notify all concerned of the facts and the recommendations.

(6) On a form prescribed by the Commissioner, a nonprofit organization that provides volunteer drivers to transport individuals who have an ambulatory disability or are blind may apply to the Commissioner for a placard. The organization shall ensure proper use of placards and maintain an accurate and complete record of the volunteer drivers to whom the placards are given by the organization. Placards shall be returned to the organization when the volunteer driver is no longer performing that service. Abuse of the privileges provided by the placards may result in the privileges being revoked and the placards repossessed by the Commissioner. Revocation may occur only after suitable notice and opportunity for a hearing. Hearings shall be held in accordance with sections 105–107 of this title.

(c) Eligible persons may park vehicles with special registration plates or removable windshield placards issued by any state in special parking spaces when:

(1) the placard is displayed:

(A) by hanging it from the front windshield rearview mirror in such a manner that it may be viewed from the front and rear of the vehicle; or

(B) if the vehicle has no rearview mirror, on the dashboard;

(2) the plate is mounted as provided in section 511 of this title; or

(3) the plate is mounted or the placard displayed as provided by the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle is registered.

(d)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an eligible person shall be permitted to park, and to park without fee, for at least 10 continuous days in a parking space or area that is restricted as to the length of time parking is permitted or where parking fees are assessed.

(2) Notwithstanding the 10-day period in subdivision (1) of this subsection, in the case of a State- or municipally operated parking garage, an eligible person shall be permitted to park, and to park without fee, for at least 24 continuous hours.

(3) This subsection shall not apply to spaces or areas in which parking, standing, or stopping of all vehicles is prohibited by law or by any parking ban or that are reserved for special vehicles. As a condition to the privilege conferred by this subsection, the vehicle shall display the registration plate or placard issued by the Commissioner, or a special registration license plate or placard issued by any other jurisdiction, in accordance with subsection (c) of this section.

(e)(1) An individual, other than an eligible person, who for the individual's own purposes parks a vehicle in a space for individuals with disabilities shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00 for each violation and shall be liable for towing charges.

(2) An individual, other than an eligible person, who displays a special registration plate or removable windshield placard not issued to the individual under this section and parks a vehicle in a space for individuals with disabilities, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $400.00 for each violation and shall be liable for towing charges.

(3) A person who violates this section also shall be liable for storage charges not to exceed $12.00 per day, and an artisan's lien may be imposed against the vehicle for payment of the charges assessed.

(4) The person in charge of the parking space or spaces for individuals with a disability or any duly authorized law enforcement officer shall cause the removal of a vehicle parked in violation of this section.

(5) A violation of this section shall be considered a traffic violation within the meaning of 4 V.S.A. chapter 29.

(f) Individuals who have a temporary ambulatory disability may apply for a temporary removable windshield placard to the Commissioner on a form prescribed by the Commissioner. The placard shall be valid for a period of up to six months and displayed as required under the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. The application shall be signed by a licensed physician, licensed physician assistant, or licensed advanced practice registered nurse. The validation period of the temporary placard shall be established on the basis of the written recommendation from a licensed physician, licensed physician assistant, or licensed advanced practice registered nurse. The Commissioner shall adopt rules to implement the provisions of this subsection.
23 V.S.A. § 1213c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1213c
§ 1213c. Immobilization and forfeiture proceedings
Status: in_force

(a) Notice. The State shall provide the following persons with notice of an immobilization or forfeiture hearing:

(1) the defendant;

(2) the registered owner or owners;

(3) any holder of a security interest in or lien on the vehicle; and

(4) any other person appearing to be an innocent owner or operator as described in subsection (g) of this section.

(b) Content of notice. The notice shall contain the following:

(1) a description of the motor vehicle, including vehicle identification number, make, model, and year;

(2) the name of the registered owner or owners, lienholder, and any other person appearing to be an innocent owner or operator as described in subsection (g) of this section;

(3) the date, time, and place of the hearing; and

(4) a statement that any person who is an owner, an innocent owner or operator, or who holds a security interest in or claims any interest in the motor vehicle may appear and be heard at the hearing to protect the person's interest in the motor vehicle.

(c) Service of notice. The notice of hearing shall be served as provided for in the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure on the registered owner or owners and any lienholders as shown on the certificate of title for the vehicle as shown in the records of the department of motor vehicles in the state in which the vehicle is registered or titled.

(d) Hearing. The court shall hold a hearing to determine whether or not to order the motor vehicle immobilized or forfeited. The proceeding shall be against the motor vehicle and shall be deemed civil in nature.

(e) Hardship consideration. In determining the motion, the court may consider any undue hardship that immobilization or forfeiture would cause to a person, other than the defendant, who is dependent on the motor vehicle for essential transportation needs. In making such determination, the court shall consider any evidence of past or current domestic violence.

(f) Order. The court shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law and shall issue a final order. The court may order the motor vehicle immobilized or forfeited if the court finds that:

(1) the motor vehicle is subject to immobilization or forfeiture;

(2) the notice as required by this section was served; and

(3) no party has shown that he or she is an innocent owner or operator as described in subsection (g) of this section.

(g) Rights of innocent owner or operator. The court shall not order the immobilization or forfeiture of a motor vehicle if an owner, co-owner, or person who regularly operates the motor vehicle, other than the defendant, shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the owner, co-owner, or regular operator did not consent to or have any express or implied knowledge that the motor vehicle was being or was intended to be operated in a manner that would subject the motor vehicle to immobilization or forfeiture, or that the owner, co-owner, or regular operator had no reasonable opportunity or capacity to prevent the defendant from operating the motor vehicle.

(h) Rented or leased vehicles. A vehicle that is rented or leased for a period of less than one year shall not be subject to immobilization or forfeiture unless it is established in the proceedings that the owner of the rented or leased vehicle knew of or consented to the operation of the motor vehicle in a manner that would subject the vehicle to immobilization or forfeiture.

(i) Lienholder. If the court finds that a person has an enforceable lien on or other interest in the motor vehicle that is not held through a straw purchase, trust, or otherwise for the actual benefit of another and that the person did not know of or consent to the operation of the motor vehicle in a manner that would subject the vehicle to immobilization or forfeiture, the court shall:

(1) permit the person to enforce the lien or other interest as provided by law if such enforcement does not result in the return of the motor vehicle to the defendant; or

(2) upon immobilization or forfeiture, order compensation to the person, to the extent of the person's interest, from the proceeds of the resulting sale.

(j) Order of forfeiture. If the court orders the motor vehicle forfeited, it shall be delivered into the custody of the Commissioner of Buildings and General Services, who shall dispose of the motor vehicle pursuant to 29 V.S.A. § 1556. The proceeds from the sale of the vehicle shall first be used to offset any costs of selling the vehicle and then, after any liens on the vehicle have been paid in full, applied to any unpaid restitution owed by the defendant in connection with the charge that resulted in forfeiture. Any balance remaining shall be deposited into the General Fund.

(k) Appeal. A decision of the court under this section may be appealed as a matter of right to the Supreme Court.

(l) Disbursement of proceeds. Proceeds from the defendant's payment of the release fee and towing and impoundment costs shall be disbursed to the law enforcement agencies that incurred the costs.

(m) Owning, leasing, and renting prohibited. After issuance of an immobilization or forfeiture order, and during the defendant's license suspension or revocation period, the defendant shall not operate, purchase, lease, or rent a motor vehicle. A person who violates this subsection shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.

(n) Selling or encumbering prohibited.

(1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, after a person is detained, arrested, lodged, or released upon citation for a second or subsequent violation of section 1201 of this title, no person shall sell, transfer, or encumber the title to a vehicle that the person knows may be subject to immobilization under section 1213a of this title or forfeiture under section 1213b of this title, unless approved by the court in which the charge is filed for good cause shown. A person who violates this section shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.

(2) If the State has not commenced a prosecution for a second or subsequent violation of section 1201 of this title within 90 days after the detention, arrest, lodging, or release upon citation, the person may sell, transfer, or encumber the subject vehicle.

(o) Funding. A law enforcement or prosecution agency conducting forfeitures under this section may accept, receive, and disburse in furtherance of its duties and functions under this section any appropriations, grants, and donations made available by the State of Vermont and its agencies, the federal government and its agencies, any municipality or other unit of local government, or private or civil sources.
23 V.S.A. § 722 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 722
§ 722. Recommendation of a court
Status: in_force

When a motor vehicle operator is convicted of a violation of chapter 13, subchapters 1 through 5 of this title involving the operation of a motor vehicle in motion, the judge of the court in which the conviction was obtained may recommend, in writing, to the Commissioner that the operator be required to attend a driver retraining course. The judge may delay sentencing the operator until the judge receives an answer to the judge's recommendation from the Commissioner. If advised by the Commissioner that the operator has been ordered to take a driver retraining program, the judge may further delay sentencing the operator for a period not to exceed 90 days. If the judge receives evidence that the operator has satisfactorily completed a driver retraining course, the judge may then consider all the facts and circumstances of the case and either impose a penalty and costs or waive all or any part of the penalty and costs, making a note of the action on the original warrant. In such cases, the court shall in no way be relieved of the duty of immediately filing upon conviction the report required under section 1709 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 602 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 602
§ 602. Exceptions for farm tractors and highway equipment
Status: in_force

(a) No person may operate a farm tractor or motorized highway building equipment upon a public highway without first procuring from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles a license to operate motor vehicles, except that a person may operate a farm tractor upon a public highway in going to and from different parts of the farm of the owner of the farm tractor without obtaining a license.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, a person operating a farm tractor upon the public highways in going to and from different parts of the farm of the owner of the farm tractor or a person operating motorized highway building equipment upon the public highways within a construction area under the provisions of this section is subject to sections 602, 602a, 674, 1007, 1071, 1091, 1094, 1095, 1125, 1126, 1127, and 1201-1210 of this title.

(c) A person operating a farm tractor upon the public highways, except when going to and from different parts of the farm of the owner of the farm tractor, or a person operating motorized highway building equipment upon the public highways outside a construction area, is, while so operating, subject to all of the provisions of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1037 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1037
§ 1037. One-way roadways and rotaries
Status: in_force

(a) The Traffic Committee may designate any highway or any separate roadway under its jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall erect appropriate signs giving notice thereof.

(b) Upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic, a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated.

(c) A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island shall be driven only to the right of the island.
23 V.S.A. § 1286 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1286
§ 1286. Penalties
Status: in_force

Any violation of section 1283, 1284, or 1285 of this title shall be a traffic violation as defined in chapter 24 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3302 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3302
§ 3302. Definitions
Status: reserved

As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly requires a different meaning:

(1) “All-round light” means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

(2) “Holding tank” means a container or device designed to provide for the retention of wastes on board a vessel and to prevent the discharge of wastes into the waters of this State.

(3) “Law enforcement officer” means a person designated in subdivision 4(11) of this title and includes deputy State game wardens and auxiliary State Police officers.

(4) “Marine toilet” means any toilet on or within any vessel except those that have been permanently sealed and made inoperative.

(5) “Masthead light” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel, except that on a vessel of less than 12 meters in length, the masthead light shall be placed as nearly as practicable to the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.

(6) “Motorboat” means any vessel equipped with machinery capable of propelling the vessel, whether or not such machinery is the principal source of propulsion.

(7) “Operate” means to navigate or otherwise use a vessel.

(8) “Owner” means a person, other than a lienholder, having the property in or title to a vessel. The term includes a person entitled to the use or possession of a vessel subject to an interest in another person, reserved or created by agreement and securing payment or performance of an obligation, but the term excludes a lessee under a lease not intended as security.

(9) “Person” means an individual, partnership, firm, corporation, association, or other entity.

(10) “Personal watercraft” means a class A vessel that uses an inboard engine powering a water jet pump as its primary source of motive power and that is designed to be operated by an individual or individuals sitting, standing, or kneeling on or being towed behind the motorboat rather than in the conventional manner of sitting or standing inside the vessel.

(11) “Public waters of the State” means navigable waters as defined in 10 V.S.A. chapter 49, excepting those waters in private ponds and private preserves as set forth in 10 V.S.A. §§ 5204, 5205, 5206, and 5210.

(12) “Racing shell or rowing scull” means a manually propelled vessel that is recognized by national or international racing associations for use in competitive racing, and one in which all occupants row or scull, with the exception of a coxswain, if one is provided, and is not designed to carry and does not carry any equipment not solely for competitive racing.

(13) “Sailboard” means a sailboat whose unsupported mast is attached to a surfboard-like hull by a flexible joint.

(14) “Sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail, provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

(15) “Sidelights” mean a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side, each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. On a vessel of less than 20 meters in length the side lights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel, except that on a vessel of less than 12 meters in length the sidelights, when combined in one lantern, shall be placed as nearly as practicable to the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.

(16) “Sternlight” means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern, showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(17) “Vessel” means every description of watercraft, other than a seaplane on the water or a racing shell or rowing scull occupied exclusively by individuals over 12 years of age, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(18) “Waste” means effluent, sewage, or any substance or material, liquid, gaseous, solid, or radioactive, including heated liquids, whether or not harmful or deleterious to waters of this State.

(19) “Waters of this State” means any waters within the territorial limits of this State.
23 V.S.A. § 3311 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3311
§ 3311. Operation of vessels; prohibited acts; authority of law enforcement officers
Status: in_force

(a) Careless and negligent operation. An individual shall not operate any vessel or manipulate any water skis, surfboard, or similar device in a careless or negligent manner or in any manner to endanger or jeopardize the safety, life, or property of another person.

(b) Permitting use by intoxicated individual. The owner or person in charge or in control of a vessel shall not knowingly authorize or knowingly permit it to be propelled or operated by any individual who is under the influence of alcohol, narcotic drugs, or barbiturates.

(c) Distance requirements.

(1) An individual shall not operate any vessel, seaplane, racing shell, or rowing scull, except a sailboard or a police or emergency vessel, within 200 feet of the shoreline; an individual in the water; a canoe, rowboat, or other vessel; an anchored or moored vessel containing any individual; or anchorages or docks, except at a speed of less than five miles per hour that does not create a wake.

(2) An individual shall not operate any vessel, seaplane, racing shell, or rowing scull, except a nonmotorized canoe, a nonmotorized rowboat, or a police or emergency vessel, within 200 feet of a divers-down flag.

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit rendering assistance to another individual, picking up an individual in the water, necessary mooring or landing, or leaving shore, or operating in any other place where obstruction, other than the shoreline, would prevent abiding by this statute.

(4) An individual shall not operate a vessel, except at speeds of less than five miles per hour, within 200 feet of a designated swimming area.

(d) Underwater historic preserve area. A vessel shall not be operated in an “underwater historic preserve area” except as provided in this subsection. These areas are historic and archaeological sites located on the bottomlands of the waters of the State and are designated as public recreational areas. The Division for Historic Preservation may designate underwater historic preserve areas and they shall be identified by a floating special purpose yellow buoy marked “State of Vermont Underwater Historic Preserve.” The following requirements shall govern the operation of vessels at the preserves:

(1) A vessel may secure to a yellow buoy only when diving or remotely operated vehicle diving at the preserve. In this subsection, “remotely operated vehicle diving” means using an unstaffed underwater robot to view a preserve site.

(2) Vessels 35 feet in length or less may secure to a buoy.

(3) Vessels 50 feet in length or less and piloted by a U.S. Coast Guard-licensed captain may secure to a buoy for the purpose of remotely operated vehicle diving.

(4) A divers-down flag shall be displayed whenever a vessel is secured to a buoy.

(5) On sites with multiple buoys, one vessel may be secured to each buoy.

(6) When a vessel is secured to the buoy, all other vessels shall remain at least 200 feet from the buoy.

(7) Anchoring is not permitted within 200 feet of the buoy.

(e) Overloaded vessel. A vessel shall not be loaded with passengers or cargo beyond its safe carrying capacity taking into consideration weather and other existing operating conditions.

(f) Attempting to elude a law enforcement officer. An operator of any vessel shall bring his or her vessel to a stop and not attempt to elude a law enforcement officer when signaled to do so by the officer wearing insignia identifying him or her as such or operating a law enforcement vessel sounding a siren and displaying a flashing blue or blue and white signal lamp. The officer may board the vessel.

(g) Residential vessels prohibited on certain waters. The use of vessels for residential purposes is prohibited on all lakes and ponds that are located wholly within Vermont and on which there are no boat sanitary waste pumpout facilities approved by the Department of Environmental Conservation. For purposes of this subsection, “residential purposes” includes sleeping overnight on a vessel. Vessels operated by agencies, entities, authorities, or instrumentalities of the State, including the State Colleges and the University of Vermont, shall comply with this subsection, except when law enforcement, an emergency, or the performance of official duties requires otherwise.

(h) Power of law enforcement officers; authority to stop and board. A law enforcement officer may stop and board any motorboat afloat on public waters of the State at any time to:

(1) inspect its documents;

(2) inspect the licenses and permits of the operator of the motorboat; or

(3) conduct a safety inspection for required equipment.

(i) Power of law enforcement officers; general. A law enforcement officer may make arrests for violations of this subchapter; may direct, control, and regulate vessel traffic; and may make reasonable orders in the enforcement of this subchapter. No individual may knowingly fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any law enforcement officer.
23 V.S.A. § 1209a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1209a
§ 1209a. Conditions of reinstatement; alcohol and driving education; screening; therapy programs
Status: in_force

(a) Conditions of reinstatement. No license or privilege to operate suspended or revoked under this subchapter shall be reinstated except as follows:

(1) In the case of a first suspension, a license or privilege to operate shall be reinstated only:

(A) after the individual has successfully completed the Alcohol and Driving Education Program, at the individual's own expense, followed by an assessment of the need for further treatment by a State-designated counselor, at the individual's own expense, to determine whether reinstatement should be further conditioned on satisfactory completion of a therapy program agreed to by the individual and the Drinking Driver Rehabilitation Program Director;

(B) if the screening indicates that therapy is needed, after the individual has satisfactorily completed or shown substantial progress in completing a therapy program at the individual's own expense agreed to by the individual and the Driver Rehabilitation Program Director;

(C) if the individual elects to operate under an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate, after the individual operates under the RDL or certificate for the applicable period set forth in subsection 1205(a) or section 1206 of this title, plus any extension of this period arising from a violation of section 1213 of this title; and

(D) if the individual has no pending criminal charges, civil citations, or unpaid fines or penalties for a violation under this chapter.

(2) In the case of a second suspension, a license or privilege to operate shall not be reinstated until:

(A) the individual has successfully completed an alcohol and driving rehabilitation program;

(B) the individual has completed or shown substantial progress in completing a therapy program at the individual's own expense agreed to by the individual and the Driver Rehabilitation Program Director;

(C) after the individual operates under an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate for 18 months or, in the case of someone subject to the one-year hard suspension prescribed in subdivision 1213(a)(1)(C) of this title, for one year, plus any extension of the relevant period arising from a violation of section 1213 of this title, except if otherwise provided in subdivision (4) of this subsection (a); and

(D) the individual has no pending criminal charges, civil citations, or unpaid fines or penalties for a violation under this chapter.

(3) In the case of a third or subsequent suspension or a revocation, a license or privilege to operate shall not be reinstated until:

(A) the individual has successfully completed an alcohol and driving rehabilitation program;

(B) the individual has completed or shown substantial progress in completing a therapy program at the individual's own expense agreed to by the individual and the Driver Rehabilitation Program Director;

(C) the individual has satisfied the requirements of subsection (b) of this section; and

(D) the individual has no pending criminal charges, civil citations, or unpaid fines or penalties for a violation under this chapter.

(4) The Commissioner shall waive a requirement under subdivision (2) of this subsection or subsection (b) of this section that an individual operate under an ignition interlock RDL or certificate prior to eligibility for reinstatement if:

(A) the individual furnishes sufficient proof as prescribed by the Commissioner that the individual is incapable of using an ignition interlock device because of a medical condition that will persist permanently or at least for the term of the suspension or, in the case of suspensions or revocations for life, for a period of at least three years; or

(B) the underlying offenses arose solely from being under the influence of a drug other than alcohol.

(b) Total Abstinence Program.

(1) As used in this subsection:

(A) “Drug” means:

(i) a regulated drug, as defined in 18 V.S.A. § 4201, that is used in any way other than as prescribed for a legitimate medical use in conformity with instructions from the prescriber; or

(ii) any substance or combination of substances, other than alcohol or a regulated drug, that potentially affects the nervous system, brain, or muscles of an individual so as to impair an individual's ability to drive a vehicle safely to the slightest degree.

(B) “Total abstinence” means refraining from consuming any amount of alcohol or drugs at any time, regardless of whether the alcohol or drugs are consumed by an individual when attempting to operate, operating, or in actual physical control of a vehicle.

(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, an individual whose license or privilege to operate has been suspended or revoked for life under this subchapter may apply to the Commissioner for reinstatement of the individual's driving privilege if the individual satisfies the requirements set forth in subdivision (3) of this subsection (b).

(B) The beginning date for the period of total abstinence shall be not earlier than the effective date of the suspension or revocation from which the individual is requesting reinstatement and shall not include any period during which the individual is serving a sentence of incarceration to include furlough. The application shall include the applicant's authorization for a urinalysis examination, or another examination if it is approved as a preliminary screening test under this subchapter, to be conducted prior to reinstatement under this subdivision (2). The application to the Commissioner shall be accompanied by a fee of $500.00. The Commissioner shall have the discretion to waive the application fee if the Commissioner determines that payment of the fee would present a hardship to the applicant.

(3) If the Commissioner or a medical review board convened by the Commissioner is satisfied by a preponderance of the evidence that the applicant has maintained total abstinence for the three years immediately preceding the application, has successfully completed a therapy program as required under this section, and has operated under a valid ignition interlock RDL or under an ignition interlock certificate for at least three years following the suspension or revocation, and the applicant provides a written acknowledgment that the applicant must maintain total abstinence at all times while participating in the Total Abstinence Program, the applicant's license or privilege to operate shall be reinstated immediately, subject to the condition that the applicant's suspension or revocation will be put back in effect in the event any further investigation reveals a failure to maintain total abstinence and to any additional conditions as the Commissioner may impose to advance the public interest in public safety. The requirement to operate under an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate shall not apply if the applicant is exempt under subdivision (a)(4) of this section.

(4) If after notice and an opportunity for a hearing the Commissioner later finds that the individual was violating the conditions of the individual's reinstatement under this subsection, the individual's operating license or privilege to operate shall be immediately suspended or revoked for life.

(5) If the Commissioner finds that an individual reinstated under this subsection is suspended pursuant to section 1205 of this title or is convicted of a violation of section 1201 of this title subsequent to reinstatement under this subsection, the individual shall be conclusively presumed to be in violation of the conditions of the reinstatement.

(6) An individual shall be eligible for reinstatement under this subsection only once following a suspension or revocation for life.

(7)(A) If an applicant for reinstatement under this subsection (b) resides in a jurisdiction other than Vermont, the Commissioner may elect not to conduct an investigation. If the Commissioner elects not to conduct an investigation, the Commissioner shall provide a letter to the applicant's jurisdiction of residence stating that Vermont does not object to the jurisdiction issuing the applicant a license if the applicant is required to operate only vehicles equipped with an ignition interlock device for at least a three-year period, unless exempt under subdivision (a)(4) of this section, and is required to complete any alcohol rehabilitation or treatment requirements of the licensing jurisdiction.

(B) If the applicant's jurisdiction of residence is prepared to issue or has issued a license in accordance with subdivision (A) of this subdivision (7) and the applicant satisfies the requirements of section 675 of this title, the Commissioner shall update relevant State and federal databases to reflect that the applicant's lifetime suspension or revocation in Vermont under this subchapter has terminated.

(c) Screening and therapy programs. In the case of a second or subsequent suspension, the Commissioner shall notify the individual of the requirement to enroll in the alcohol and driving education screening and therapy program provided for in this section within 30 days after license suspension. If the individual fails to enroll or fails to remain so enrolled until completion, the Drinking Driver Rehabilitation Program shall report such failure to the sentencing court. The court may order the individual to appear and show cause why the individual failed to comply.

(d) Judicial review. An individual aggrieved by a decision of a designated counselor under this section may seek review of that decision pursuant to Rule 75 of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure.

(e) Therapy program. A therapy program required under this section may include outpatient therapy, intensive outpatient therapy, and residential therapy. In the event that the individual and the Driver Rehabilitation Program Director cannot agree on the type of therapy required, the Criminal Division of the Superior Court shall make that determination.

(f) Fees. The Department of Health's Drinking Driver Rehabilitation Program shall assess fees for the Alcohol and Driving Education Program and the alcohol assessment screening required by subdivision (a)(1)(A) of this section. The fee for the Alcohol and Driving Education Program shall not exceed $250.00. The fee for the alcohol assessment screening shall not exceed $200.00. In the case of a more intensive or weekend residential program combining both the Alcohol and Driving Education Program and the alcohol assessment screening, the total charge shall not exceed $625.00. Charges collected under this section shall be credited to separate special funds for each type of service and shall be available to the Department of Health to offset the cost of operating the Drinking Driver Rehabilitation Program.
23 V.S.A. § 2093 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2093
§ 2093. Salvaged, totaled, and rebuilt vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) If a vehicle upon which a salvage certificate of title, a parts-only certificate, or other document indicating the vehicle is not sold for re-registration purposes has been or should have been issued by the Commissioner or by any other jurisdiction or person, or a vehicle that has been declared a totaled motor vehicle is rebuilt and restored for highway operation, the owner thereof shall not apply for a certificate of title or registration, and none shall be issued until the vehicle has been inspected by the Commissioner or his or her authorized representative. The inspection of the vehicle shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by the Commissioner and shall include verification of the vehicle identification number and bills of sale or titles for major component parts used to rebuild the vehicle. When necessary, a new vehicle identification number shall be attached to the vehicle as provided by section 2003 of this title. Any new title issued for such vehicles shall contain the legend “rebuilt.”

(b) Any person who sells, trades, or offers for sale or trade any interest in a salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled vehicle shall disclose the fact that the vehicle has been salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled to a prospective purchaser both orally and in writing before a sale, trade, or transfer is made. Written disclosure that the vehicle has been salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled, in addition to being disclosed on the certificate of title as required by this subchapter, shall also be conspicuously disclosed on any bill of sale, transfer, purchase, or other agreement.

(c) Failure of the seller to provide the notices required by this section shall result in the seller being required, at the option of the buyer, to refund to the buyer the purchase price, including taxes, license fees, and similar governmental charges.
23 V.S.A. § 4125 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4125
§ 4125. Texting violations; handheld mobile telephone violations
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions. As used in this section, “driving” means operating a commercial motor vehicle on a public highway, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device, or other momentary delays. “Driving” does not include operating a commercial motor vehicle with or without the motor running when the operator has moved the vehicle to the side of or off a highway and has halted in a location where the vehicle can safely remain stationary.

(b) General prohibition on texting.

(1) No operator shall engage in texting while driving a commercial motor vehicle.

(2) Texting while driving is permissible by operators of a commercial motor vehicle when necessary to communicate with law enforcement officials or other emergency services.

(3) No person may be issued traffic complaints alleging a violation of this section and a violation of section 1099 of this title from the same incident.

(c) General prohibition on use of handheld mobile telephones.

(1) No operator shall use a handheld mobile telephone while driving a commercial motor vehicle.

(2) Use of a handheld mobile telephone is permissible by operators of a commercial motor vehicle when necessary to communicate with law enforcement officials or other emergency services.

(d) Motor carriers.

(1) A motor carrier shall not allow or require its drivers to engage in texting while driving a commercial motor vehicle.

(2) A motor carrier shall not allow or require its drivers to use a handheld mobile telephone while driving a commercial motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3834 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3834
§ 3834. Issuance of salvage title
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall file and maintain in the manner provided in section 3010 of this title each application received and when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a salvage certificate of title, shall issue a salvage certificate of title to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3705 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 35 / Section 3705
§ 3705. Collection of apportioned registration; credits and refunds
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall postpone the collection of apportioned registration fees until the fees have been computed and any credit available pursuant to subsection 3020(a) of this title applied.

(b) The Commissioner shall mail notice of any fees due to the registrant, and payment of these fees must be received within 15 days after the date of the notice.

(c) Upon receipt of the proper fees, or after determining that no fees are owed due to credits available pursuant to subsection 3020(a) of this title, the Commissioner shall issue the necessary identification plates and cab cards.

(d) If the Commissioner determines that a fee required by this chapter was paid more than once, has been erroneously collected or computed, or for which the State was without power to impose, the excess amount paid or collected shall be credited to the account of the registrant maintained pursuant to subsection 3020(a) of this title and the registrant shall be notified of the date and amount of the credit by mail.
23 V.S.A. § 1038 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1038
§ 1038. Driving on roadways laned for traffic
Status: in_force

Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, the following rules shall apply in addition to all others consistent therewith:

(1) A vehicle shall only be driven, as nearly as practicable, entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from that lane until the driver has first ascertained that the movement can be made with safety.

(2) Upon a roadway that is divided into three lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle may be driven in the center lane only when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for making a left turn, or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is proceeding and the allocation is designated by official traffic-control devices.

(3) Official traffic-control devices may be erected directing specified traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway, and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of the signs.

(4) Official traffic-control devices may be installed prohibiting the changing of lanes on sections of roadway, and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of these devices.
23 V.S.A. § 1307 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1307
§ 1307. Brake equipment required
Status: in_force

(a) Every motor vehicle, when operated upon a highway, shall be equipped with brakes acting on all wheels adequate to control the movement of and to stop and hold such vehicle, including two separate means of applying the brakes to at least two wheels. If those two separate means of applying the brakes are connected in any way, they shall be so constructed that failure of any one part of the operating mechanism shall not leave the motor vehicle without brakes on at least two wheels.

(b) Motorcycles and motor-driven cycles need only to be equipped with at least one brake that may be operated by hand or foot.

(c) Farm-type tractors and motorized highway building equipment required to be registered need not have brakes on the wheels of the front axle.

(d) Trucks and truck-tractors having three or more axles:

(1) manufactured before July 25, 1980 need not have brakes on the front wheels;

(2) manufactured between July 24, 1980 and October 27, 1986, if any brake components have been removed, must be retrofitted to replace any brake components so that the vehicle meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this section, within one year of May 16, 1990; and

(3) manufactured with at least two steerable axles, shall have brakes on at least one steerable axle, except that any such vehicle manufactured after July 1, 1992 shall be equipped with brakes on all wheels.

(e) Trailers, semi-trailers, trailer coaches, or pole trailers of a gross weight not exceeding 3,000 pounds need not have brakes, provided the total weight on, and including, the wheels of the trailer, semi-trailer, or pole trailer shall not exceed 40 percent of the gross weight of the towing vehicle when connected to the trailer, semi-trailer, or pole trailer.

(f) Every trailer, semi-trailer, or trailer coach of a gross weight of more than 3,000 pounds but less than 6,000 pounds, when operated upon a highway, shall be equipped with brakes on the wheels of at least one axle, adequate to control the movement of and to stop and to hold the vehicle and so designed as to be applied by the driver of the towing motor vehicle from its cab. The brakes shall be so designed and connected that in case of an accidental break-away of the towed vehicle, the brake thereon shall be automatically applied and remain applied for not less than 15 minutes.

(g) Every trailer, semi-trailer, or trailer coach of a gross weight of 6,000 pounds or more, when operated upon the highways of this State, shall be equipped with brakes on all wheels adequate to control the movement of and to stop and to hold the vehicle and so designed as to be applied by the driver of the towing motor vehicle from its cab. The brakes shall be so designed and connected that in case of an accidental break-away of the towed vehicle, the brakes thereon shall be automatically applied and remain applied for not less than 15 minutes.

(h) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a farm trailer with a load that exceeds 3,000 pounds, nor to a motor vehicle manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1931, if the vehicle has brakes on at least two wheels, nor to a trailer coach with two or three axles with a gross weight in excess of 6,000 pounds manufactured prior to January 1, 1977, provided there are brakes on the wheels on one axle of a two-axle trailer coach and brakes on the wheels of two axles of a three-axle trailer coach.
23 V.S.A. § 704 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 704
§ 704. Qualifications for training school license
Status: in_force

To qualify for a driver's training school license, each new and renewal applicant shall:

(1) not have been convicted of a felony nor incarcerated for a felony within the 10 years prior to the date of application;

(2) maintain an established place of business open to the public;

(3) maintain bodily injury and property damage liability insurance on each motor vehicle being used in driver training, insuring the liability of the driver training school and the operator of each motor vehicle for each instructor and of any person while using any such motor vehicle with the permission of the named insured in at least the following amount: $300,000.00 for bodily injury or death of one person in any one crash and, subject to said limit for one person, $500,000.00 for bodily injury or death of two or more persons in any one crash, and $100,000.00 for damage to property of others in any one crash;

(4) have the equipment necessary to the giving of proper instruction in the operation of motor vehicles; and

(5) pay the application and license fees prescribed in section 702 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3171 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3171
§ 3171. Imposition and rate of reciprocal tax
Status: in_force

Whenever under the laws of any other state or province any tax or toll is imposed upon the use of gasoline or other motor fuel by residents of this State for the privilege of operating a motor vehicle upon the highways of such state or province, excepting, however, a tax or toll imposed upon gasoline or other motor fuel purchased within such state or province, a tax computed and applied in the same manner as the tax or toll of such other state or province shall be imposed by this State upon the use of gasoline or other motor fuel by motor vehicles registered in such other state or province so long as the tax or toll imposed by such other state or province shall remain in force.
23 V.S.A. § 674 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 674
§ 674. Operating after suspension or revocation of license; penalty; removal of registration plates; towing
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Except as provided in section 676 of this title, a person whose license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle has been suspended or revoked for a violation of this section or subsection 1091(b), 1094(b), or 1128(b) or (c) of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a motor vehicle upon a public highway before the suspension period imposed for the violation has expired shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both.

(2) A person who violates section 676 of this title for the third or subsequent time shall, if the two prior offenses occurred within two years of the third offense and on or after December 1, 2016, be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both.

(3) Violations of section 676 of this title that occurred prior to the date a person successfully completes the DLS Diversion Program shall not be counted as prior offenses under subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(b) Except as authorized in section 1213 of this title, a person whose license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle has been suspended or revoked for a violation of section 1201 of this title or has been suspended under section 1205 of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a motor vehicle upon a public highway before reinstatement of the license shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. The sentence shall be subject to the following mandatory minimum terms:

(1) For the first offense, the defendant shall pay a mandatory minimum fine of $300.00 or complete 40 hours of community service. In the event that no term of imprisonment, suspended or to serve, is imposed, the community service shall be performed within 120 days. Failure to submit proof of completion of the 40 hours within 120 days shall constitute civil contempt unless the defendant requests an extension for good cause shown prior to expiration of the 120 days.

(2) For a second offense occurring within five years, the defendant shall pay a mandatory minimum fine of $750.00 or complete 80 hours of community service. In the event that no term of imprisonment, suspended or to serve, is imposed, the community service shall be performed within 120 days. Failure to submit proof of completion of the 80 hours within 120 days shall constitute civil contempt unless the defendant requests an extension for good cause shown prior to expiration of the 120 days.

(3) For the third offense occurring within five years, the defendant shall serve at least 12 days of preapproved furlough with community restitution.

(4) For the fourth offense occurring within five years, the defendant shall serve at least 18 days of preapproved furlough with community restitution.

(5) For the fifth and subsequent offenses occurring within five years, the defendant shall be imprisoned at least 16 consecutive days in a correctional facility. The sentence may not be suspended or deferred.

(c) An enforcement officer shall have the authority to remove any number plates from a motor vehicle that is being operated by a person in violation of subsection (a) or (b) of this section. The Commissioner shall be notified in writing and may, in his or her sole discretion, cause the plates to be returned to the registered owner or lessee for good cause shown.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, when a conviction for a violation of this section and a conviction for a violation of section 1201 of this title result from the same incident, any penalty or suspension or revocation of a person's license or privilege to operate shall be imposed to be consecutive and not concurrent.

(e) In determining appropriate fines under this section, the court may take into account the income of the defendant.

(f) For purposes of this section and section 676 of this title, the suspension period for a violation of section 1201 or 1205 of this title shall not be deemed to expire until the person has complied with section 1209a of this title and the person's license has been reinstated.

(g) In establishing a prima facie case against a person accused of violating this section, the court shall accept as evidence a printout attested to by the law enforcement officer as the person's motor vehicle record showing convictions and resulting license suspensions. The admitted motor vehicle record shall establish a permissive inference that the person was under suspension on the dates and time periods set forth in the record. No certified copy shall be required from the Department of Motor Vehicles to establish the permissive inference.

(h) At the time of sentencing after a second or subsequent conviction under subsection (b) of this section, the court may, in addition to any penalty imposed by law, order that the motor vehicle operated by the person at the time of the offense be immobilized. At the time of sentencing after a third or subsequent conviction under subsection (b) of this section, the court may, in addition to any penalty imposed by law, order that the motor vehicle operated by the person at the time of the offense be forfeited and sold. Immobilization and forfeiture procedures under this section shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures in section 1213c of this title.

(i) A person convicted of violating this section shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 1092 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1092
§ 1092. Damaging surface of road
Status: in_force

No person may operate or move upon or over any highway or bridge a vehicle, machine, or contrivance that has any flange, ribs, clamps, or other object attached to or made a part of its wheels that will injure, cut into, or destroy the surface of the highway or bridge to any appreciable extent. This provision does not restrict the right of any person to use tires that are equipped with “studs” or “cleats,” so-called, of a type designed for general use to facilitate travel in winter.
23 V.S.A. § 491 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 491
§ 491. Transporter application; eligibility; use of transporter plates
Status: in_force

(a) A transporter may apply for and the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in the Commissioner's discretion, may issue a certificate of registration and a general distinguishing number plate. Before a person may be registered as a transporter, the person shall self-certify the following on a form provided by the Commissioner:

(1) compliance with section 800 of this title; and

(2) that the person either owns or leases a permanent place of business located in this State where business will be conducted during regularly established business hours and the required records stored and maintained.

(b) When a transporter displays the transporter's registration plate, the transporter or the transporter's employee or contractor may transport a motor vehicle owned by the transporter, repossessed, or temporarily in the transporter's custody, and it shall be considered properly registered under this title. A transporter's registration plates shall not be used for any other purposes and shall not be used by the holder of such number plates for personal purposes.
23 V.S.A. § 942 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 942
§ 942. Binders and renewal endorsements; binders of insurance
Status: in_force

An insurer authorized to issue automobile liability insurance may issue a binder, in lieu of a policy, and issue a renewal endorsement or evidence of renewal of an existing policy. Renewal endorsements and binders shall be deemed to include provisions in accordance with this subchapter and rules adopted in furtherance thereof.
23 V.S.A. § 3106a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3106a
§ 3106a. Imposition, rate, and payment of license fee
Status: in_force

In all cases where a distributor is required to pay a tax under this chapter, the distributor shall also pay to the Commissioner in the same manner and time the license fee, established under 10 V.S.A. § 1942, of one cent per gallon upon each gallon of such motor fuel sold by the distributor in the State. The Commissioner shall deposit these license fees into the Petroleum Cleanup Fund established by 10 V.S.A. chapter 59.
23 V.S.A. § 115 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / Section 115
§ 115. Nondriver identification cards
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Any Vermont resident may make application to the Commissioner and be issued an identification card that is attested by the Commissioner as to true name, correct age, residential address unless the listing of another address is requested by the applicant or is otherwise authorized by law, and any other identifying data as the Commissioner may require that shall include, in the case of minor applicants, the written consent of the applicant's parent, guardian, or other person standing in loco parentis.

(2) Every application for an identification card shall be signed by the applicant and shall contain such evidence of age and identity as the Commissioner may require, consistent with subsection (l) of this section. New and renewal application forms shall include a space for the applicant to request that a “veteran” designation be placed on the applicant's identification card. If a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2) and including an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(24), requests a veteran designation and provides a Department of Defense Form 214 or other proof of veteran status specified by the Commissioner, and the Office of Veterans' Affairs confirms the veteran's status as an honorably discharged veteran; a veteran discharged under honorable conditions; or an individual disabled during active military, naval, air, or space service, the identification card shall include the term “veteran” on its face.

(3) The Commissioner shall require payment of a fee of $29.00 at the time application for an identification card is made, except that an initial nondriver identification card shall be issued at no charge to:

(A) an individual who surrenders the individual's license in connection with a suspension or revocation under subsection 636(b) of this title due to a physical or mental condition; or

(B) an individual under 23 years of age who was in the care and custody of the Commissioner for Children and Families pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 4903(4) in Vermont after attaining 14 years of age.

(b) Every identification card shall expire, unless earlier canceled, at 12:00 midnight on the eve of the fourth anniversary of the date of birth of the cardholder following the date of original issue and may be renewed every four years upon payment of a $29.00 fee. A renewed identification card shall expire, unless earlier canceled, at 12:00 midnight on the eve of the fourth anniversary of the date of birth of the cardholder following the expiration of the card being renewed. At least 30 days before an identification card will expire, the Commissioner shall mail first-class to the cardholder or send the cardholder electronically an application to renew the identification card; a cardholder shall be sent the renewal notice by mail unless the cardholder opts in to receive electronic notification. An individual born on February 29 shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered as born on March 1.

(c) In the event an identification card is lost, destroyed, mutilated, or a new name is acquired, a replacement may be obtained upon furnishing satisfactory proof to the Commissioner and paying a $24.00 fee.

(d) The identification card shall bear the following notice: “For identification purposes only.”

(e) The holder of an identification card shall notify the Commissioner, in writing, of a change in address within 30 days after the change is made.

(f) The Commissioner shall cancel the identification card if the card is fraudulently obtained, altered, or misused.

(g) An identification card issued to a first-time applicant and any subsequent renewals by that person shall contain a photograph or imaged likeness of the applicant. The photographic identification card shall be available at a location designated by the Commissioner. An individual issued an identification card under this subsection that contains an imaged likeness may renew the individual's identification card by mail. Except that a renewal by an individual required to have a photograph or imaged likeness under this subsection must be made in person so that an updated imaged likeness of the individual is obtained not less often than once every nine years.

(h) An identification card issued to an individual who is under 18 years of age shall be distinguishable by color from an identification card issued to an individual who is 18 years of age or older but under 21 years of age, and both cards shall be distinguishable by color from an identification card issued to an individual 21 years of age or older. An identification card issued to an individual under 21 years of age shall clearly indicate, in prominent type, the date on which the individual will become 21. The distinguishing colors shall be the same as those used to distinguish operator's licenses issued under section 610 of this title.

(i) An identification card issued under this subsection to an initial or renewal applicant shall include data elements as prescribed in 6 C.F.R. § 37.19.

(j) Individuals receiving Supplemental Security Income or Social Security Disability Income and individuals with a disability as defined in 9 V.S.A. § 4501(2) shall be provided with nondriver identification cards for the following fees:

(1) Original issuance: $10.00.

(2) Renewal every four years: $10.00.

(3) Replacement of lost, destroyed, or mutilated card, or a new name is required: $5.00.

(k) At the option of the applicant, the applicant's valid Vermont license may be surrendered in connection with an application for an identification card. In those instances, the fee due under subsection (a) of this section shall be reduced by:

(1) one-quarter of the four-year fee established by section 608 of this title for each remaining full year of validity; or

(2) one-half of the two-year fee paid for each remaining full year of validity.

(l)(1) The Commissioner shall issue identification cards to Vermont residents who are not U.S. citizens but are able to establish lawful presence in the United States if an applicant follows the procedures and furnishes documents as required under subsection 603(d) of this title and any applicable policies or adopted rules, and otherwise satisfies the requirements of this section. The identification cards shall expire consistent with subsection 603(d) of this title.

(2) The Commissioner shall issue non-REAL ID compliant identification cards to Vermont residents unable to establish lawful presence in the United States if an applicant follows the procedures and furnishes documents as required under subsection 603(e) of this title and any applicable policies or adopted rules, and otherwise satisfies the requirements of this section.

(3) The Commissioner shall issue non-REAL ID compliant identification cards to Vermont residents able to establish lawful presence in the United States but who otherwise fail to comply with the requirements of the REAL ID Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-13, §§ 201-202, if the applicant follows the procedures and furnishes documents as required under subsection 603(f) of this title and any applicable policies or adopted rules, and otherwise satisfies the requirements of this section.

(4) A non-REAL ID compliant identification card issued under subdivision (2) or (3) of this subsection shall bear on its face text indicating that it is not valid for federal identification or official purposes.

(m)(1) An individual sentenced to serve a period of imprisonment of six months or more committed to the custody of the Commissioner of Corrections who is eligible for a nondriver identification card under the requirements of this section shall, upon proper application and in advance of release from a correctional facility, be provided with a nondriver identification card for a fee of $0.00.

(2) As part of reentry planning, the Department of Corrections shall inquire with the individual to be released about the individual's desire to obtain a nondriver identification card or any driving credential, if eligible, and inform the individual about the differences, including any costs to the individual.

(3) If the individual desires a nondriver identification card, the Department of Corrections shall coordinate with the Department of Motor Vehicles to provide an identification card for the individual at the time of release.

(n) The Commissioner shall provide a form that, upon the individual's execution, shall serve as a document of an anatomical gift under 18 V.S.A. chapter 110. An indicator shall be placed on the nondriver identification card of any individual who has executed an anatomical gift form in accordance with this section.
23 V.S.A. § 3801 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3801
§ 3801. Definitions
Status: repealed

Except when the context otherwise requires, as used in this chapter:

(1) “All-terrain vehicle” or “ATV” means any nonhighway recreational vehicle, except snowmobiles, motor-assisted bicycles, or electric bicycles, when used for cross-country travel on trails or on any one of the following or a combination thereof: land, water, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, and natural terrain.

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.

(3) “Dealer” means any person who engages in whole or in part in the business of buying, selling, or exchanging new and unused vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles, or used vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles, or any combination, either outright or on conditional sale, bailment, lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise, and who has an established place of business for sale, trade, and display of vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles. A yacht broker is a dealer.

(4) “Identification number” means the numbers and letters, if any, on a vessel designated by the Commissioner for the purpose of identifying the vessel.

(5) “Lienholder” means a person holding a security interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(6) “Manufacturer” means any person engaged in the business of manufacturing or importing new and unused vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles for the purpose of sale or trade.

(7) “Manufacturer's or importer's certificate of origin” means the original written instrument or document required to be executed and delivered by the manufacturer to his or her agent or dealer, or a person purchasing direct from the manufacturer, certifying the origin of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(8) [Repealed.]

(9) “Operate” means to navigate or otherwise use a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(10) “Operator” means the person who operates or has charge of the navigation or use of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(11) “Owner” means a person, other than a lienholder, having property in or title to a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle. The term includes a person entitled to use or possess a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle subject to an interest in another person, which is reserved or created by agreement and secures payment or performance of an obligation, but does not include a lessee under a lease not intended as security.

(12) “Security agreement” means a written agreement that reserves or creates a security interest.

(13) “Security interest” means an interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle reserved or created by agreement and that secures payment or performance of an obligation. The term includes the interest of a lessor under a lease intended as security. The term also includes a nonpossessory attachment issued by a court of competent jurisdiction within this State. The term also includes liens obtained by the Commissioner of Taxes pursuant to the provisions of Title 32. A security interest is “perfected” when it is valid against third parties generally, subject only to specific statutory exceptions.

(14) “Serial number” means the numbers and letters designated by the snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle manufacturer for the purpose of identifying a snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle.

(15) “Snowmobile” means a self-propelled vehicle intended for off-road travel primarily on snow, having a curb weight of not more than 453.59 kg (1,000 lbs.), driven by track or tracks in contact with the snow and steered by a ski or skis in contact with the snow.

(16) “State” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a province of the Dominion of Canada.

(17) “State of principal use” means the state on whose land, waters, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, or natural terrain a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is used or to be used most during a calendar year.

(18) “Use” means to operate, navigate, or employ a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle. A vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is in use whenever it is upon land, water, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, or natural terrain.

(19) “Vessel” means every description of watercraft capable of being used as a means of transportation on water that is equipped with machinery capable of propelling the watercraft, whether or not such machinery is the principal source of propulsion, but shall not include a watercraft that has a valid marine document issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or any successor federal agency.

(20) “Title or certificate of title” means a written instrument or document that certifies ownership of a vessel and is issued by the Commissioner or equivalent official of another jurisdiction.

(21) “Secure assignment of title” means a form prescribed by the Commissioner that must be used to transfer ownership of a titled vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle if all space for assignments upon the title itself has been used.

(22) “Salvage dealer” means any person who, in a single year, purchases or in any manner acquires at a minimum three vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles as salvage or who scraps, dismantles, or destroys at a minimum three vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles in a single year.

(23) “Rebuilt vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle” means a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle upon which a salvage certificate of title, parts-only certificate, or other document indicating the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is not sold for reregistration purposes, has been issued and that has been rebuilt and restored for operation.

(24) “Salvaged vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle” means a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle that has been scrapped, dismantled, destroyed, or declared a total loss by an insurance company.

(25) “Totaled vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle” means a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle that has been declared a total loss by an insurance company.
23 V.S.A. § 1131 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1131
§ 1131. Warning signal
Status: in_force

The operator of a motor vehicle, whenever reasonably necessary to ensure safe operation, shall give an audible warning with the horn of his or her vehicle but shall not otherwise use the horn when upon a highway.
23 V.S.A. § 1134 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1134
§ 1134. Motor vehicle operator; consumption or possession of alcohol or cannabis
Status: in_force

(a) A person shall not consume an alcoholic beverage or cannabis while operating a motor vehicle on a public highway. As used in this subsection, the prohibition on consumption of cannabis by the operator shall extend to the operator's consumption of secondhand cannabis smoke in the vehicle as a result of another person's consumption of cannabis.

(b) A person operating a motor vehicle on a public highway shall not possess any open container that contains an alcoholic beverage or cannabis in the passenger area of the motor vehicle.

(c) As used in this section:

(1) “Alcoholic beverage” shall have the same meaning as “alcohol” as defined in section 1200 of this title.

(2) “Passenger area” shall mean the area designed to seat the operator and passengers while the motor vehicle is in operation and any area that is readily accessible to the operator or passengers while in their seating positions, including the glove compartment, unless the glove compartment is locked. In a motor vehicle that is not equipped with a trunk, the term shall exclude the area behind the last upright seat or any area not normally occupied by the operator or passengers.

(d) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $500.00. A person who possesses an open container that contains an alcoholic beverage in violation of subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00. A person who possesses an open container that contains cannabis in violation of subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $200.00. A person adjudicated and assessed a civil penalty for an offense under subsection (a) of this section shall not be subject to a civil violation for the same actions under subsection (b) of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1017 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1017
§ 1017. Speed limit in school zones
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding the maximum penalty established in subsection 2302(c) of this title and the waiver penalties established pursuant to 4 V.S.A. § 1102(d), the civil penalty for violating a State or municipal speed limit in a school zone designated with signs in accordance with 19 V.S.A. § 921 shall be twice the penalty for a non-school zone speed limit violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1122 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1122
§ 1122. Following fire apparatus prohibited
Status: in_force

No operator of a motor vehicle, other than one on official business relating to the suppression of fire or the handling of an emergency, shall follow any fire apparatus traveling to an emergency closer than 500 feet, or in a manner to interfere with the suppression of a fire or the handling of the emergency, or so as to endanger the life of any occupant of the fire apparatus, or thereafter park his or her vehicle so as to interfere with the suppression of a fire or the handling of the emergency.
23 V.S.A. § 4116 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4116
§ 4116. Disqualification
Status: repealed

(a) Disqualification for one year; first violation. An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of one year if convicted of a first violation of:

(1) operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a commercial motor vehicle on a highway with an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more or under the influence, as defined in section 1218 of this title;

(2) failure to stop, as defined in section 1128 of this title;

(3) using a motor vehicle in the commission of any offense under state or federal law that is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year;

(4) refusal to submit to a test to determine the operator's alcohol concentration, as provided in section 1205, 1218, or 1219 of this title;

(5) operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a highway with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more or under the influence of alcohol or other substance, as defined in section 1201 of this title;

(6) operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a highway when the person is under the influence of any other drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any other drug as provided in section 1201 of this title;

(7) operating or attempting to operate a commercial motor vehicle while the license is revoked, suspended, cancelled, or disqualified; or

(8) operating a commercial motor vehicle in a negligent manner resulting in a fatal injury.

(b) Disqualification for three years; transportation of a hazardous material. An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for three years if convicted of a violation listed in subsection (a) of this section, if the violation occurred while transporting a hazardous material required to be placarded.

(c) Disqualification for life. An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for life if convicted of:

(1) two or more separate violations listed in subsection (a) of this section arising from two or more separate occurrences;

(2) any offense under state or federal law that is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year involving the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of a regulated drug or possession with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a regulated drug where the person used a motor vehicle in the commission of the offense; or

(3) a felony involving an act or practice of severe forms of trafficking in persons, as defined in 22 U.S.C. § 7102(11), where the person used a motor vehicle in the commission of the offense.

(d) Disqualification for 60 or 120 days; serious traffic violation. An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of 60 days if convicted of two serious traffic violations, or 120 days if convicted of a third or subsequent serious traffic violation, arising from separate incidents occurring within a three-year period. A disqualification for 120 days shall be consecutive to any previous disqualification.

(e) Disqualification for convictions involving a railroad-highway grade crossing violation.

(1) An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of 60 days if the driver is convicted of a first violation of a railroad-highway grade crossing violation.

(2) An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of 120 days if, during any three-year period, the driver is convicted of a second railroad-highway grade crossing violation in a separate incident.

(3) An individual shall be disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle for a period of one year if, during any three-year period, the driver is convicted of a third or subsequent railroad-highway grade crossing violation in separate incidents.

(f) Surrender of license. An individual who is disqualified from driving a commercial motor vehicle shall surrender the individual's Vermont commercial driver's license not later than the effective date of the disqualification. Upon receipt of the individual's commercial driver's license, a Class D license shall be issued, provided the individual is otherwise eligible.

(g) Rulemaking. The Commissioner shall adopt rules establishing guidelines, including conditions, under which a disqualification for life under this section, except for a disqualification issued pursuant to subdivision (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section, may be reduced to a period of not less than 10 years.

(h)-(j) [Repealed.]

(k) Concurrent disqualification. An individual shall be disqualified for a term concurrent with any disqualification or suspension issued by the administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
23 V.S.A. § 371a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 371a
§ 371a. Exemptions from registration
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law relating to registration fees for trailers, the following shall be exempt from registration:

(1) wood splitters; and

(2) pole dinkeys.

(b) When any such trailer is used upon a public highway it shall have attached a red reflector that shall be so displayed as to be clearly visible from the rear, under normal atmospheric conditions, or a reflectorized slow moving vehicle symbol of a standard type approved by the Commissioner.

(c) A person in violation of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00 for each offense.
23 V.S.A. § 807 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 807
§ 807. Bond
Status: in_force

The bond shall be held by the Commissioner to satisfy an execution issued against such person in a case arising out of damage caused by the operation of a motor vehicle owned by such person.
23 V.S.A. § 1451 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1451
§ 1451. Loads on passenger cars
Status: in_force

No person shall operate a passenger type motor vehicle upon any highway with any load carried thereon extending beyond the line of the fenders on the left side of such vehicle nor extending more than six inches beyond the line of the fenders on the right side thereof, nor when any baggage or other object is carried in a way to obscure either number plate or any light on such vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 1133 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1133
§ 1133. Eluding a police officer
Status: in_force

(a) No operator of a motor vehicle shall fail to bring his or her vehicle to a stop when signaled to do so by an enforcement officer:

(1) displaying insignia identifying him or her as such; or

(2) operating a law enforcement vehicle sounding a siren and displaying a flashing blue or blue and white signal lamp.

(b)(1) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned for not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.

(2) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section while operating a vehicle in a negligent or grossly negligent manner in violation of section 1091 of this title shall be imprisoned for not more than five years or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.

(3)(A) In the event that serious bodily injury to any person other than the operator is proximately caused by the operator's knowing violation of subsection (a) of this section, the operator shall be imprisoned for not more than 15 years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both.

(B) If serious bodily injury to more than one person other than the operator is proximately caused by the operator's knowing violation of subsection (a) of this section, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision for each decedent or person injured.

(4)(A) In the event that death to any person other than the operator is proximately caused by the operator's knowing violation of subsection (a) of this section, the operator shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than 15 years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both.

(B) If death to more than one person other than the operator is proximately caused by the operator's knowing violation of subsection (a) of this section, the operator may be convicted of a separate violation of this subdivision (4) for each decedent.

(c) In a prosecution under this section, the operator may raise as an affirmative defense, to be proven by a preponderance of the evidence, that the operator brought his or her vehicle to a stop in a manner, time, and distance that was reasonable under the circumstances.

(d) A person convicted of violating this section shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.

(e) As used in this section:

(1) “Operator” includes an operator who, after being signaled to stop under subsection (a) of this section, leaves the vehicle and attempts to elude the officer by other means.

(2) “Serious bodily injury” has the meaning defined in 13 V.S.A. § 1021.
23 V.S.A. § 361 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 361
§ 361. Pleasure cars [Effective upon contingency being met; see also 23 @ § 361 effective January 1, 2025 and until contingency met, set out above]
Status: repealed

(a) The annual registration fee for a pleasure car, as defined in subdivision 4(28) of this title, including a pleasure car that is a plug-in electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85) of this title, shall be $89.00, and the biennial fee shall be $163.00.

(b) In addition to the registration fee set forth in subsection (a) of this section, there shall be an annual electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure fee for a pleasure car that is a battery electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85)(A) of this title, equal to the amount of the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section, or a biennial EV infrastructure fee equal to two times the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section.

(c) In addition to the registration fee set forth in subsection (a) of this section, there shall be an annual EV infrastructure fee for a pleasure car that is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85)(B) of this title, equal to one-half the amount of the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section, or a biennial EV infrastructure fee equal to the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section.

(d) The annual and biennial EV infrastructure fees collected in subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall be allocated to the Transportation Fund for programs administered by the Agency of Commerce and Community Development to increase Vermonters' access to level 1 and 2 electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging ports at workplaces or multiunit dwellings, or both.

2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(b), provides: “Sec. 36 (EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on January 1, 2025.”2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(c), provides: “Sec. 38 (amendments to EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on the effective date of a mileage-based user fee for pleasure cars that are battery electric vehicles, as defined in 23 V.S.A. § 4(85)(A).”

2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(b), provides: “Sec. 36 (EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on January 1, 2025.”2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(c), provides: “Sec. 38 (amendments to EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on the effective date of a mileage-based user fee for pleasure cars that are battery electric vehicles, as defined in 23 V.S.A. § 4(85)(A).”

(a) The annual registration fee for a pleasure car, as defined in subdivision 4(28) of this title, including a pleasure car that is a plug-in electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85) of this title, shall be $89.00, and the biennial fee shall be $163.00.

(b) [Repealed.]

(c) In addition to the registration fee set forth in subsection (a) of this section, there shall be an annual EV infrastructure fee for a pleasure car that is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as defined in subdivision 4(85)(B) of this title, equal to one-half the amount of the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section, or a biennial EV infrastructure fee equal to the annual fee collected in subsection (a) of this section.

(d) The annual and biennial EV infrastructure fees collected in subsection (c) of this section shall be allocated to the Transportation Fund for programs administered by the Agency of Commerce and Community Development to increase Vermonters' access to level 1 and 2 electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging ports at workplaces or multiunit dwellings, or both.

2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(b), provides: “Sec. 36 (EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on January 1, 2025.”2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(c), provides: “Sec. 38 (amendments to EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on the effective date of a mileage-based user fee for pleasure cars that are battery electric vehicles, as defined in 23 V.S.A. § 4(85)(A).”

2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(b), provides: “Sec. 36 (EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on January 1, 2025.”2023, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 44(c), provides: “Sec. 38 (amendments to EV infrastructure fee; 23 V.S.A. § 361) shall take effect on the effective date of a mileage-based user fee for pleasure cars that are battery electric vehicles, as defined in 23 V.S.A. § 4(85)(A).”
23 V.S.A. § 3305b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3305b
§ 3305b. Boating safety education; rules
Status: in_force

(a) When required. An individual born after January 1, 1974 shall not operate a motorboat on the public waters of this State without first obtaining a certificate of boating education.

(b) Possession of certificate. An individual who is required to have a certificate of boating education shall:

(1) Possess the certificate when operating a motorboat on the public waters of the State.

(2) Show the certificate on the demand of an enforcement officer wearing insignia identifying him or her as such or operating a law enforcement vessel. However, an individual charged with violating this subsection shall not be convicted if the individual produces a certificate that was valid at the time the violation occurred in court to the officer or to a State's Attorney.

(c) Exemptions. The following individuals are exempt from the requirements of this section:

(1) an individual who is licensed by the U.S. Coast Guard to operate a vessel for commercial purposes;

(2) an individual operating a motorboat on a body of water located on private property; and

(3) any other individual exempted by rules of the Department of Public Safety.

(d) Rules. The Department of Public Safety shall:

(1) adopt rules that establish criteria for a course of instruction in boating safety education;

(2) adopt rules relating to transient boaters and persons who hire chartered vessels;

(3) administer a verbal test when appropriate;

(4) coordinate a statewide program of boating safety instruction and certification and ensure that a course of boating safety education is available within each county;

(5) ensure that a course of boating safety education is available at the earliest practicable age for children; and

(6) ensure that the course includes an educational component regarding the environmental harm caused by aquatic nuisance species and how the spread of such species may be controlled when boaters follow specific steps to clean boats and trailers after use in State waters.

(e) Hours of instruction. Any course of boating safety education that is offered shall provide a minimum of eight hours of instruction.

(f) Persons offering courses. The following persons may offer the course of instruction in boating safety education if approved by the Department of Public Safety:

(1) the Department of Public Safety;

(2) the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary;

(3) the U.S. Power Squadrons;

(4) a political subdivision;

(5) a municipal corporation;

(6) a State agency;

(7) a public or nonpublic school; and

(8) any group, firm, association, or person.

(g) Issuance of certificate. The Department of Public Safety or its designee shall issue a certificate of boating safety education to an individual who:

(1) passes the departmentally prescribed course in boating safety education; or

(2) passes a boating safety equivalency examination administered by persons authorized to offer the course on boating safety education.

(h) Education materials. Upon request, the Department of Public Safety shall provide, without charge, boating safety education materials to individuals who plan to take the boating safety equivalency examination.

(i) Lifetime issuance. Once issued, the certificate of boating safety education is valid for the lifetime of the individual to whom it was issued and may not be revoked by the Department of Public Safety or a court of law.

(j) Certificate replacement. The Department of Public Safety shall replace, without charge, a lost or destroyed certificate if the Department issued the certificate or has a record that the certificate was issued.

(k) Out-of-state certificate. A boating safety certificate issued in another state or country in accordance with or substantially equivalent to criteria of the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators is sufficient to comply with the requirements of this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1431 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1431
§ 1431. Height and width limits
Status: in_force

(a) Except for the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, motor vehicles and loads shall not exceed eight and one-half feet in width or 13 feet six inches in height. The term width shall mean the total width of the vehicle and load, excluding safety devices as determined by the Commissioner that may extend up to three inches on each side of the vehicle. The height and width limits of this section shall not apply to snow plows, road machines, oilers, traction engines, tractors, rollers, power shovels, dump wagons, trucks, highway building equipment, and road-making appliances employed on highway maintenance or on highway construction when operated within a construction area, or to vehicles employed by municipalities for transportation and disposal of nontoxic residual waste sludge from wastewater and water treatment facilities while used for those purposes, nor shall the limits apply to traction engines, tractor, trailer, or motor trucks operated on a public highway under a permit from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles as provided in section 1400 of this title. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the use of the stop arm described in section 1281a of this title, and no permit shall be required.

(b) In his or her discretion, with or without hearing, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, or his or her agent, upon application, may issue annually to dealers in farm tractors or other farm implements overwidth permits to transport or draw upon a highway such farm implements as are more than eight and one-half feet in width but not more than 13 feet in width, when such operation is necessary to the conduct of such business, during the period from sunrise to sunset, provided at least two red flags not smaller than 12 inches square be displayed on the left front and rear of each vehicle or implement or combination thereof in such manner as to be clearly visible from the front and rear for a distance of at least 500 feet, except that no vehicles, implements, or combinations thereof shall be operated on any highway after 10:00 a.m. on any Sunday or legal holiday, except on trips not in excess of two miles, nor upon any highway at any time on which operation is prohibited by order of the Commissioner.

(c) The total outside width of a motor home, as defined in 32 V.S.A. § 8902(11), or a trailer coach as defined in subdivision 4(41) of this title, may exceed eight and one-half feet if the excess width is attributable to an appurtenance that extends no more than six inches beyond the body of the vehicle. The term “appurtenance” does not include any item that is temporarily affixed to the exterior of the vehicle by the vehicle's owner for the purpose of transporting the item from one location to another, but does include the following:

(1) an awning and its support hardware; and

(2) any appendage that is intended to be an integral part of a motor home or trailer coach that is installed by a manufacturer or dealer.

(d)(1) A person, firm, or corporation whose land is divided by a public highway may operate across the highway, at approximate right angles to the centerline, an unregistered vehicle with or without a load having a width in excess of eight and one-half feet or a height in excess of 13 feet six inches and that, if used on highway construction, would be defined as motorized highway building equipment, provided that the person, firm, or corporation shall first:

(A) have applied to and received from the selectboard of the town or the aldermen or city council of the city in which the land and highway are located a permit in writing specifying the vehicle covered and the point where, time when, and under what conditions the crossing may be made;

(B) have applied to and received from the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles a certificate in writing that the vehicle listed in the permit issued by the selectboard or aldermen or city council meets the conditions the Commissioner may impose as to type and size and, further, that the operation of it across the highway will not damage the highway.

(2) The Commissioner may impose conditions regarding size of load or highway surface protection as he or she deems necessary.

(3) A fee of $35.00 shall be paid to the town or city for each permit and the permit shall not cover more than one vehicle. The permit shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of issue. A similar fee of $35.00 shall be paid to the State for each certificate issued by the Commissioner and the certificate shall not cover more than one vehicle and shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of issue.

(4) Provided that the terms and conditions are complied with, no registration of the vehicle shall be required under any other section of this title, nor shall permits of any kind or type be required under any other section of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1205 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1205
§ 1205. Civil suspension; summary procedure
Status: repealed

(a) Refusal; alcohol concentration at or above legal limits; suspension periods.

(1) Upon affidavit of a law enforcement officer that the officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title and that the person refused to submit to a test, the Commissioner shall suspend the person's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle for a period of six months and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title. However, during the suspension, an eligible person may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued pursuant to section 1213 of this title.

(2) Upon affidavit of a law enforcement officer that the officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title and that the person submitted to a test and the test results indicated that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above a limit specified in subsection 1201(a) of this title, at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control, the Commissioner shall suspend the person's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle for a period of 90 days and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title. However, during the suspension, an eligible person may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued pursuant to section 1213 of this title.

(3) Upon affidavit of a law enforcement officer that the officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of subdivision 1201(d)(2) of this title and that the person submitted to a test and the test results indicated that the person's alcohol concentration was 0.02 or more at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control, the Commissioner shall suspend the person's operating license or nonresident operating privilege or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle for life. However, during the suspension, an eligible person may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued under section 1213 of this title.

(b) Form of officer's affidavit. A law enforcement officer's affidavit in support of a suspension under this section shall be in a standardized form for use throughout the State and shall be sufficient if it contains the following statements:

(1) The officer is a certified law enforcement officer.

(2) The officer who administered the test was certified to operate the testing equipment.

(3) The officer had reasonable grounds to believe the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title (noting the time and date of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control).

(4) The officer informed the person of the person's rights under subsection 1202(d) of this title.

(5) The officer obtained an evidentiary test (noting the time and date the test was taken) and the test indicated that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above a legal limit specified in subsection 1201(a) or (d) of this title, or the person refused to submit to an evidentiary test.

(6) The officer complied with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, codified at 50 U.S.C. chapter 50.

(7) The officer confirmed the person's correct mailing address.

(c) Notice of suspension. On behalf of the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, a law enforcement officer requesting or directing the administration of an evidentiary test shall serve notice of intention to suspend and of suspension on a person who refuses to submit to an evidentiary test or on a person who submits to a test the results of which indicate that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above a legal limit specified in subsection 1201(a) or (d) of this title, at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title. The notice shall be signed by the law enforcement officer requesting the test. A copy of the notice shall be sent to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, and a copy shall be mailed or given to the defendant within three business days after the date the officer receives the results of the test. If mailed, the notice is deemed received three days after mailing to the address provided by the defendant to the law enforcement officer. A copy of the affidavit of the law enforcement officer shall also be mailed by first-class mail or given to the defendant and the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles within seven days after the date of notice.

(d) Form of notice. The notice of intention to suspend and of suspension shall be in a form prescribed by the Supreme Court. The notice shall include an explanation of rights, a form to be used to request a hearing, and, if a hearing is requested, the date, time, and location of the Criminal Division of the Superior Court where the person must appear for a preliminary hearing. The notice shall also contain, in boldface print, the following:

(1) You have the right to ask for a hearing to contest the suspension of your operator's license.

(2) If this is your first violation of section 1201 of this title and if you do not request a hearing, your license will be suspended as provided in this notice. If this is your second or subsequent violation of section 1201 of this title, your license will be suspended on the 11th day after you receive this notice. It is a crime to drive while your license is suspended unless you have been issued an ignition interlock restricted driver's license or ignition interlock certificate.

(3) If you wish to request a hearing before the Criminal Division of the Superior Court, you must mail or deliver your request for a hearing within seven days after (date of notice).

(4) If your request for a hearing is not mailed or delivered within seven days after (date of notice), you waive your right to a hearing and your license will be suspended as provided in this notice.

(5) In order to request a hearing, sign the attached form and mail or deliver the form to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles at the address shown.

(6) If you are charged with a second or subsequent violation of section 1201 of this title, no person shall sell, transfer, or encumber the title to a vehicle that may be subject to immobilization or forfeiture, unless approved by the court in which the charge is filed for good cause shown.

(e) Effective date of suspension.

(1) First offense. Unless a hearing is requested, a suspension under this section of the license of a person who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe violated section 1201 of this title a first time becomes effective on the 11th day after the person receives notice or is deemed to have received notice under subsection (c) of this section. If a hearing is requested, a suspension shall not become effective unless the court orders a suspension after hearing as provided in this section.

(2) Second or subsequent offense. A suspension of a person's license under this section shall become effective on the 11th day after the person receives notice or is deemed to have received notice under subsection (c) of this section if:

(A) the officer has reasonable grounds to believe the person has violated section 1201 of this title; and

(B) within the last 20 years, the person has:

(i) had his or her operator's license suspended pursuant to this section; or

(ii) been convicted of a violation of section 1201 of this title.

(f) Review by Superior Court. Within seven days following receipt of a notice of intention to suspend and of suspension, a person may make a request for a hearing before the Superior Court by mailing or delivering the form provided with the notice. The request shall be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, who shall then notify the Criminal Division of the Superior Court that a hearing has been requested and provide the Criminal Division and the State's Attorney with a copy of the notice of intention to suspend and of suspension and the officer's affidavit.

(g) Preliminary hearing. The preliminary hearing shall be held within 21 days after the alleged offense. Unless impracticable or continued for good cause shown, the date of the preliminary hearing shall be the same as the date of the first appearance in any criminal case resulting from the same incident for which the person received a citation to appear in court. The preliminary hearing shall be held in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Supreme Court.

(h) Final hearing.

(1) If the defendant requests a hearing on the merits, the court shall schedule a final hearing on the merits to be held within 21 days after the date of the preliminary hearing. In no event may a final hearing occur more than 42 days after the date of the alleged offense without the consent of the defendant or for good cause shown. The final hearing may only be continued by the consent of the defendant or for good cause shown. The issues at the final hearing shall be limited to the following:

(A) Whether the law enforcement officer had reasonable grounds to believe the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title.

(B) Whether at the time of the request for the evidentiary test the officer informed the person of the person's rights and the consequences of taking and refusing the test substantially as set out in subsection 1202(d) of this title.

(C) Whether the person refused to permit the test.

(D) Whether the test was taken and the test results indicated that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above a legal limit specified in subsection 1201(a) or (d) of this title, at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title, whether the testing methods used were valid and reliable, and whether the test results were accurate and accurately evaluated. Evidence that the test was taken and evaluated in compliance with rules adopted by the Department of Public Safety shall be prima facie evidence that the testing methods used were valid and reliable and that the test results are accurate and were accurately evaluated.

(E) Whether the requirements of section 1202 of this title were complied with.

(2) No less than seven days before the final hearing, and subject to the requirements of Vermont Rule of Civil Procedure 11, the defendant shall provide to the State and file with the court a list of the issues (limited to the issues set forth in this subsection) that the defendant intends to raise. Only evidence that is relevant to an issue listed by the defendant may be raised by the defendant at the final hearing. The defendant shall not be permitted to raise any other evidence at the final hearing, and all other evidence shall be inadmissible.

(i) Finding by the court. The court shall electronically forward a report of the hearing to the Commissioner. Upon a finding by the court that the law enforcement officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title and that the person refused to submit to a test, or upon a finding by the court that the law enforcement officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vehicle in violation of section 1201 of this title and that the person submitted to a test and the test results indicated that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above a legal limit specified in subsection 1201(a) or (d) of this title, at the time the person was operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control, the person's operating license, or nonresident operating privilege, or the privilege of an unlicensed operator to operate a vehicle shall be suspended or shall remain suspended for the required term and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title. Upon a finding in favor of the person, the Commissioner shall cause the suspension to be canceled and removed from the record, without payment of any fee.

(j) Venue and conduct of hearings. Venue for proceedings under this section shall be in the territorial unit of the Superior Court where the offense is alleged to have occurred. Hearings under this section shall be summary proceedings conducted by the Criminal Division of the Superior Court without a jury and shall be subject to the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure only as consistent with this section. The State has the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence. Affidavits of law enforcement officers, chemists of either party, or expert witnesses of either party shall be admissible evidence, which may be rebutted by witnesses called by either party. The affidavits shall be delivered to the other party at least five days prior to the hearing.

(k) Appeal. A decision of the Criminal Division of the Superior Court under this section may be appealed as a matter of right to the Supreme Court. The suspension shall not be stayed pending appeal unless the defendant is reasonably likely to prevail on appeal.

(l) Access to information. In connection with a proceeding under this section, the operator shall have access to all written statements and information in the possession and control of the State concerning the evidentiary test or tests, including the police report, processing forms, certification and affidavit, breath test results, police notes, and the names and addresses of witnesses. If the operator intends to rely on the independent analysis, the State shall have access to the test results from the independent analysis and names and addresses of all witnesses. No depositions or written interrogatories shall be permitted except in extraordinary circumstances.

(m) Second and subsequent suspensions. For a second suspension under this subchapter, the period of suspension shall be 18 months and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title. However, during the suspension, an eligible person may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued pursuant to section 1213 of this title. For a third or subsequent suspension under this subchapter, the period of suspension shall be life. However, during this lifetime suspension, an eligible person may operate under the terms of an ignition interlock RDL or ignition interlock certificate issued under section 1213 of this title.

(n) Presumption. In a proceeding under this section, if at any time within two hours of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a vehicle a person had an alcohol concentration at or above a legal limit specified in subsection 1201(a) or (d) of this title, it shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person's alcohol concentration was at or above the applicable limit at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control.

(o) Use immunity. No testimony or other information presented by the defendant in connection with a proceeding under this section or any information directly or indirectly derived from such testimony or other information may be used for any purpose, including impeachment and cross-examination, against the defendant in any criminal case, except a prosecution for perjury or giving a false statement.

(p) Suspensions to run concurrently. Suspensions imposed under this section or any comparable statute of any other jurisdiction and sections 1206, 1208, and 1216 of this title or any comparable statutes of any other jurisdiction, or any suspension resulting from a conviction for a violation of section 1091 of this title from the same incident, shall run concurrently and a person shall receive credit for any elapsed period of a suspension served in Vermont against a later suspension imposed in this State.

(q) Rules. The Supreme Court shall adopt rules ensuring the fairness of proceedings under this section.

(r) Surcharge; Public Defender Special Fund; DUI Enforcement Special Fund. A person suspended under this section for a refusal shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00 that shall be collected by the Department of Motor Vehicles prior to reinstatement of the person's driving privileges. The Department shall transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to the Public Defender Special Fund created in 13 V.S.A. § 5239 specifying the source of the monies being deposited. All such monies shall be used by the Office of the Defender General to cover the cost of providing statewide 24-hour legal services coverage as required by subsection 1202(g) of this title. After $40,000.00 has been deposited in the Public Defender Special Fund in a single fiscal year, all additional collected surcharges assessed under this subsection in that fiscal year shall be credited to the Governor's Highway Safety Commission for deposit in a DUI Enforcement Special Fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5. All such DUI Enforcement Special Fund receipts shall be used exclusively for statewide DUI enforcement and for no other purpose.

(s) [Repealed.]

(t) Nonmandatory time limits. For a first offense, the time limits set forth in subsections (g) and (h) of this section are directive only and shall not be interpreted by the court to be mandatory or jurisdictional.

(u) Testimony by telephone. In any proceeding under this section, for cause shown, a party's chemist may be allowed to testify by telephone in lieu of a personal appearance.
23 V.S.A. § 1215 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1215
§ 1215. Injunctive relief
Status: in_force

If the Commissioner has not reinstated a license after the suspension or revocation period has run under this subchapter, and the person alleges he or she has complied with section 1209a of this title or alleges that the alcohol assessment screening does not indicate that therapy should be a condition of reinstatement, he or she may seek injunctive relief in the Criminal Division of the Superior Court in the manner provided by the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure. In such actions, the Driver Rehabilitation Program Director shall be the proper defendant.
23 V.S.A. § 1099 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1099
§ 1099. Texting prohibited
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section, “texting” means the reading or the manual composing or sending of electronic communications, including text messages, instant messages, or e-mails, using a portable electronic device as defined in subdivision 4(82) of this title. Use of a global positioning or navigation system shall be governed by section 1095b of this title.

(b)(1) An individual shall not engage in texting while operating a moving motor vehicle in a place open temporarily or permanently to public or general circulation of vehicles.

(2) In addition, an individual shall not engage in texting while operating a motor vehicle on a public highway in Vermont, including while the vehicle is stationary, unless otherwise provided under this section. As used in this subdivision (b)(2):

(A) “Public highway” means a State or municipal highway as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(12).

(B) “Operating” means operating a motor vehicle on a public highway, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device, or other temporary delays. “Operating” does not include operating a motor vehicle with or without the motor running when the operator has moved the vehicle to the side of or off the public highway and has halted in a location where the vehicle can safely and lawfully remain stationary.

(c)(1) An individual who violates this section commits a traffic violation as defined in section 2302 of this title and shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $100.00 and not more than $200.00 for a first violation and of not less than $250.00 and not more than $500.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period.

(2) An individual convicted of violating this section while operating within the following areas shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00 and not more than $400.00 for a first violation and of not less than $500.00 and not more than $1,000.00 for a second or subsequent violation within any two-year period and shall have four points assessed against his or her driving record for a first conviction and five points assessed for a second or subsequent conviction:

(A) a properly designated work zone in which construction, maintenance, or utility personnel are present; or

(B) a school zone marked with warning signs conforming to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

(3) An individual convicted of violating this section outside the areas designated in subdivision (2) of this subsection shall have two points assessed against his or her driving record.
23 V.S.A. § 1603b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1603b
§ 1603b. Agency of Transportation repository for crash reports filed by law enforcement; Department of Motor Vehicles repository for operator crash reports
Status: in_force

The Agency of Transportation shall be the crash data repository for reports submitted by law enforcement agencies in the State. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall be the repository agency for all operator crash reports.
23 V.S.A. § 1119 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1119
§ 1119. Opening and closing vehicle doors
Status: in_force

No person shall open the door of a motor vehicle on the side nearest to moving traffic unless it is reasonably safe to do so and can be done without interfering with the movement of traffic, nor may any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle nearest to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers.
23 V.S.A. § 1701 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1701
§ 1701. Possession of motor vehicles with serial or motor numbers defaced
Status: in_force

A person shall not knowingly keep in his or her possession or ownership for more than 10 days a motor vehicle or vessel, the manufacturer's serial or motor numbers or identifying numbers assigned by the Commissioner of which have been changed, tampered with, obliterated, or defaced, unless the person has applied to the Commissioner for the assignment of a new number to be placed on the vehicle or vessel or motor and the application has been granted.
23 V.S.A. § 6 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / Section 6
§ 6. Vehicle registration renewal by municipal clerks
Status: in_force

By written agreement, the Commissioner may authorize any municipal clerk to renew vehicle, snowmobile, or motorboat registrations upon receipt of a completed application and the required fees, which shall be forwarded to the Commissioner immediately. A clerk may assess, collect, and retain an additional $3.00 administration fee for each renewal issued.
23 V.S.A. § 3215 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3215
§ 3215. Expenditure plan
Status: in_force

VAST shall prepare a plan for the expenditure of funds for the SSTP that are allocated in section 3214 of this title and shall submit this plan to the Governor's Snowmobile Council for its review, advice, and consent. The plan shall include provisions for:

(1) administration of the program;

(2) trail development and maintenance, including contractual arrangements where appropriate; and

(3) periodic audits if requested by the Council or Auditor of Accounts.
23 V.S.A. § 1007 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1007
§ 1007. Local speed limits
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The legislative body of a municipality may establish, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, a speed limit on all or a part of any city, town, or village highway within its jurisdiction, which:

(A) is not more than 50 miles per hour; however, after considering neighborhood character, abutting land use, bicycle and pedestrian use, and physical characteristics of the highways, the legislative body of a municipality may vote to set the maximum speed limit, without an engineering and traffic investigation, at not more than 50 miles per hour nor less than 35 miles per hour, on all or a portion of unpaved town highways within its boundaries, unless otherwise posted in accordance with the provisions of this section; or

(B) is not less than 25 miles per hour.

(2) If the legislative body of a municipality votes to set the speed limit on all unpaved town highways in its boundaries at no more than 50 miles per hour nor less than 35 miles per hour as provided for in subdivision (1) of this subsection, signs shall be located at points of change from one speed limit to another.

(b) The legislative body of a city may establish, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, a speed limit on all or a part of any State highway, other than a limited access highway, within its jurisdiction, which:

(1) is not more than 50 miles per hour; or

(2) is not less than 25 miles per hour.

(c) Any altered limit is effective at all times or during hours of darkness or at other times as may be determined when appropriate signs giving notice are erected upon the street or highway.

(d) The ordinances have the full force and effect of law and are in the case of ordinances adopted under subsections (a) and (b) of this section subject to review by the Traffic Committee, whose decision is final.

(e) Lack of evidence of a traffic and engineering study will not invalidate a local speed limit ordinance as adopted or amended under this section after five years following the day on which the speed limit ordinance took effect.

(f) Notwithstanding the procedure outlined in this section for enacting a local speed limit, a town or village may adopt a local speed ordinance on a State highway, other than on limited access highways, provided the ordinance duplicates the speed limit established under section 1003 of this title.

(g) Notwithstanding any requirements of section 1025 of this title, downtown development districts designated under 24 V.S.A. chapter 76A may have posted speed limits of less than 25 miles per hour.
23 V.S.A. § 1010 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1010
§ 1010. Special occasions; town highway maintenance
Status: in_force

(a) When it appears that traffic will be congested by reason of a public occasion or when a town highway is being reconstructed or maintained or where utilities are being installed, relocated, or maintained, the legislative body of a municipality may adopt ordinances as to the speed of motor vehicles, may exclude motor vehicles from town highways, and may adopt traffic ordinances as the public good requires. However, signs indicating the ordinances must be conspicuously posted in and near all affected areas, giving as much notice as possible to the public so that alternative routes of travel could be considered.

(b) Notwithstanding the maximum penalty established in section 2302 of this title and the waiver penalties established under 4 V.S.A. § 1102(d), the civil penalty for violating a speed limit established under the worksite provision of this section shall be twice the penalty for a non-worksite speed limit violation.
23 V.S.A. § 881 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 881
§ 881. Compulsory liability insurance or bond
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall not register a motor bus, and a person shall not operate or cause to be operated upon any public highway a motor bus, until the owner thereof has procured insurance or a bond having a surety company authorized to transact business in this State as surety thereon. The insurance or surety bond shall indemnify the insured against any legal liability for personal injury or the death of any person or property damage, which injury, death, or damage results from or is caused by the use or operation of the motor bus described in the contract of insurance or such bond.
23 V.S.A. § 306 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 306
§ 306. Title to number plates
Status: in_force

All number plates shall be the property of the State, and title shall not pass to a person registering a motor vehicle under the provisions of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 801 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 801
§ 801. Proof of financial responsibility required
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner shall require proof of financial responsibility to satisfy any claim for damages, by reason of personal injury to or the death of any person, of at least $25,000.00 for one person and $50,000.00 for two or more persons killed or injured and $10,000.00 for damages to property in any one crash, as follows:

(1) From a person who is convicted of any of the following violations of this title:

(A) Death resulting from:

(i) careless and negligent operation of a motor vehicle; or

(ii) reckless driving of a motor vehicle.

(B) Any violation of section 1201 of this title or for any suspension pursuant to section 1205 of this title.

(C) Failing to immediately stop and render such assistance as may be reasonably necessary following a crash resulting in injury to any person or property, other than the vehicle then under his or her control.

(D) Operating, taking, using, or removing a motor vehicle without the consent of the owner in violation of section 1094 of this title.

(E) Operating a motor vehicle after suspension, revocation, or refusal of a license, in violation of section 674 of this title.

(F) [Repealed.]

(G) [Repealed.]

(H) The provisions of subdivisions (A), (C), (D), and (E) of this subdivision (a)(1) shall not apply to an operator furnishing the Commissioner with satisfactory proof that a standard provisions automobile liability insurance policy, issued by an insurance company authorized to transact business in this State insuring the operator against public liability and property damage, in the amounts required under this section with respect to proof of financial responsibility, was in effect at the time of the violation. Nor shall these provisions apply if the operator was a nonresident, holding a valid license issued by the state of his or her residence, at the time of the violation, and satisfactory proof, in the form of a certificate issued by an insurance company authorized to transact business in the state of his or her residence, and accompanied by a power of attorney authorizing the Commissioner to accept service on its behalf, of notice or process in any action arising out of the violation, certifying that insurance covering the legal liability of the operator to satisfy any claim or claims for damage to person or property, in an amount equal to the amounts required under this section with respect to proof of financial responsibility was in effect at the time of the violation.

(2) From a person against whom there is an outstanding unsatisfied judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction within this State for damages arising out of a motor vehicle crash and based upon any violation of the provisions of this title.

(3) From the operator of a motor vehicle involved in a crash that resulted in bodily injury or death to any person or property damage, including to the motor vehicle under the operator's control, in an aggregate amount to the extent of $3,000.00 or more, excepting, however:

(A) an operator furnishing the Commissioner with satisfactory proof that a standard provisions automobile liability insurance policy, issued by an insurance company authorized to transact business in this State insuring the person against public liability and property damage, in the amounts required under this section with respect to proof of financial responsibility, was in effect at the time of the crash; or

(B) a nonresident operator holding a valid license issued by the state of his or her residence at the time of the crash who furnishes satisfactory proof, in the form of a certificate issued by an insurance company authorized to transact business in the state of his or her residence, when accompanied by a power of attorney authorizing the Commissioner to accept service on its behalf of notice or process in any action upon the policy arising out of the crash, certifying that insurance covering the legal liability of the operator to satisfy any claim or claims for damage to person or property, in an amount equal to the amounts required under this section with respect to proof of financial responsibility, was in effect at the time of the crash.

(b) The provisions of subdivision (a)(3) of this section shall not apply to the operator of a motor vehicle, involved in a crash, if at the time of the crash the motor vehicle he or she was operating, whether attended or unattended, was legally parked in any location other than upon a public highway. Nor shall the provisions of that subdivision apply to the operator of an all-terrain vehicle when the vehicle is registered and operated pursuant to chapter 31 of this title.

(c) In lieu of the insurance policy or surety bond required under this section, a person may qualify as a self-insurer by obtaining a certificate of self-insurance from the Commissioner, who may, in his or her discretion, upon the application of such person, issue said certificate of self-insurance, when he or she is satisfied that such person is possessed of a net unencumbered capital of at least $115,000.00. The Commissioner may require annual reports from any self-insurer, which reports must show at least $115,000.00 unencumbered net worth. Whenever the Commissioner finds that any self-insurer does not possess $115,000.00 of unencumbered net worth, he or she shall revoke the certificate of self-insurance. Failure to pay any judgment, within statutory limits, after such judgment shall have become final, shall constitute reasonable grounds for the cancellation of a certificate of self-insurance. A certificate of self-insurance obtained by a self-insurer shall insure every person operating a motor vehicle, owned by said self-insurer, with his or her express or implied permission, against loss within statutory limits from the liability imposed by law upon such person arising out of the operation of said motor vehicle and shall be for the benefit of any person suffering personal injuries or property damage arising out of the use of such motor vehicle with such express or implied permission.

(d) Where erroneous information with respect to insurance coverage is furnished to the Commissioner by the operator involved in a crash, the Commissioner shall, after receipt by him or her of correct information with respect to such coverage, take appropriate action as provided in section 802 of this title.

(e) Within 15 days after the receipt from the Commissioner of notice of claimed insurance coverage, the insurance carrier named by the operator shall notify the Commissioner in such manner as he or she may require in case the required insurance was not in effect at the time specified in the notice. If no such notification is received by the Commissioner within 15 days, the Commissioner may assume that the required insurance was in effect at the time specified in the notice.
23 V.S.A. § 3015 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3015
§ 3015. Computation and payment of tax
Status: in_force

Each report required under section 3014 of this title from licensed distributors, dealers, or users shall be accompanied by evidence of an electronic funds transfer payment or a remittance payable to the Department of Motor Vehicles for the amount of tax due, which shall be computed and transmitted in the following manner:

(1) The distributor's tax shall be determined by multiplying the number of gallons of fuel sold or delivered into the bulk tanks of dealers or users by the rate per gallon stated in section 3003 of this title.

(2) Except as provided in subdivision 3002(9) of this title, the user's tax shall be determined by multiplying the number of gallons of fuels used in Vermont in motor vehicles operated by the user at the rate per gallon stated in section 3003 for vehicles weighing or registered for 26,001 pounds or more. The taxable gallonage shall be computed on the basis of miles traveled within the State as compared to total miles traveled, with the actual method of computation prescribed by the Commissioner. A distributor may use as the measure of the tax so levied and assessed the gross quantity of fuel purchased, imported, produced, refined, manufactured, and compounded by the distributor, instead of the quantity sold, distributed, or used. From this amount of tax due, there shall be deducted the tax on fuel purchased in this State on which the tax has been previously paid by the user, provided the tax-paid purchases are supported by copies of the sales invoices showing the amount of tax paid. Such copies shall be retained by the taxpayer for a period of not less than three years and shall be available for inspection by the Commissioner or his or her designated agents. If the computation shows additional tax to be due, it shall be remitted with the report filed under section 3014 of this title.

(3)(A) Distributors and dealers filing a report required under subsection 3014(a) of this title shall transmit payment of taxes due to the Department of Motor Vehicles by means of an electronic funds transfer.

(B) Users filing a report required under subsection 3014(b) of this title shall transmit payment of taxes due to the Department of Motor Vehicles by means of an electronic funds transfer payment or by a remittance through the U.S. mail. If a remittance is sent through the U.S. mail properly addressed to the Department of Motor Vehicles, it shall be deemed received on the date shown by the postmark on the envelope containing the report only for purposes of avoiding penalty and interest. In the event a mailing date is affixed to the envelope by a machine owned or under the control of the person submitting the report and the U.S. Post Office has corrected or changed the date stamped thereon by causing the official U.S. Post Office postmark to also be imprinted on the envelope, the date shown by the official Post Office postmark shall be the accepted date if different from the original postmark.

(4) All taxes, interest, user license fees, and penalties collected by the Department of Motor Vehicles under this chapter shall be paid immediately to the State Treasurer and credited to the Transportation Fund.

(5) Notwithstanding subdivision (4) of this section, the one cent per gallon fee imposed by this chapter shall be deposited into the Petroleum Cleanup Fund established by 10 V.S.A. § 1941. These fees shall be deemed the petroleum distributor licensing fee established by 10 V.S.A. § 1942.
23 V.S.A. § 3903 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3903
§ 3903. Definitions-Article II
Status: in_force

As used in this compact:

(1) “Conviction” means a conviction of any offense related to the use or operation of a motor vehicle that is prohibited by state law, municipal ordinance, or administrative rule; or a forfeiture of bail, bond, or other security deposited to secure appearance by a person charged with having committed any such offense, and which conviction or forfeiture is required to be reported to the licensing authority.

(2) “Executive head” means the governor.

(3) “Home state” means the state that has issued and has the power to suspend or revoke the use of the license or permit to operate a motor vehicle.

(4) “Licensing authority” means the commissioner of the department of motor vehicles.

(5) “State” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
23 V.S.A. § 3207f — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207f
§ 3207f. Persons under 21 years of age; alcohol concentration of 0.02 or more
Status: in_force

(a) A person under the age of 21 who operates, attempts to operate, or is in actual physical control of a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State when the person's alcohol concentration is 0.02 or more commits a civil traffic violation subject to the jurisdiction of the Judicial Bureau and subject to the following sanctions:

(1) For a first violation, the person's privilege to operate a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State shall be suspended for six months and until the person complies with section 1209a of this title.

(2) For a second or subsequent violation, the person's privilege to operate a snowmobile on any lands, waters, or public highways of this State shall be suspended until the person reaches the age of 21 or for one year, whichever is longer, and complies with section 1209a of this title.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions in subsection (a) of this section to the contrary, a person's privilege to operate that has been suspended under this section shall not be reinstated until the Commissioner has received satisfactory evidence that the provider of the therapy program has been paid in full.

(c) If a law enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a person is violating this section, the officer may request the person to submit to a breath test using a preliminary screening device approved by the Commissioner of Health. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in sections 1202 and 1203 of this title:

(1) the results of the test shall be admissible evidence in a proceeding under this section; and

(2) there shall be no statutory right to counsel prior to the administration of the test.

(d) A refusal to submit to an evidentiary test shall be considered a violation of this section.

(e) In a proceeding under this section, if there was at any time within two hours of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control of a snowmobile on the lands, waters, or public highways of this State an alcohol concentration of 0.02 or more, it shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person's alcohol concentration was 0.02 or more at the time of operating, attempting to operate, or being in actual physical control.

(f) The alcohol program required under this section shall be administered by the Department of Health's Division of Substance Use Programs and shall take into consideration any particular treatment needs of operators under 21 years of age.

(g) A charge of violating this section shall not bar prosecution for any crime, including a prosecution under section 3207a of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1246 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1246
§ 1246. Restrictions
Status: in_force

An individual shall not operate a motor vehicle on the highway during the period stated in section 1243 of this subchapter if the motor vehicle utilizes any lighting device of over four candle power equipped with a reflector, unless the device, the lens used within the device, and the candle power is approved by the Commissioner nor unless the device shall produce a beam of reflected light that, when measured 75 feet or more ahead of the lamps, shall not rise more than six inches above the height of the bulb in the lamp and in no event more than 42 inches from the level surface on which the vehicle stands under all conditions of load. When vehicles are approaching each other from opposite directions, spotlights shall not be used except when projecting their rays directly on the ground and at a distance not exceeding 30 feet in front of the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 3204a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3204a
§ 3204a. Antique snowmobiles
Status: in_force

(a) The one-time registration fee for a snowmobile that is at least 25 years old and is used exclusively in exhibitions, parades, and public functions shall be $50.00. The registration process for snowmobiles registered under this section shall be the same as provided in section 3204 of this title.

(b) The owner of a snowmobile that satisfies the criteria established in subsection (a) of this section shall be entitled to display antique snowmobile plates that shall be distributed according to rules adopted by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 841 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 841
§ 841. Compulsory liability insurance or a surety bond
Status: in_force

Before a jitney is used in the carrying of passengers for hire, the owner thereof shall procure a contract or policy of insurance issued by a liability insurance company authorized to transact business in this State, or a surety bond executed by such owner and having a surety company authorized to transact business in this State as surety thereon, which insurance or surety bond shall indemnify the insured against any legal liability to the passengers in the jitney or others, for personal injury, the death of a person, or property damage, which injury, death, or damage may result from or have been caused by the use or operation of a motor vehicle covered by such policy of insurance or such bond.
23 V.S.A. § 3308 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3308
§ 3308. Boat liveries
Status: in_force

The owner of a boat livery shall cause to be kept a record of the name and address of the person or persons hiring any vessel that is designed or permitted by him or her to be operated as a motorboat and the identification number and the date and time of rental. The record shall be preserved for at least six months.
23 V.S.A. § 733 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 733
§ 733. Motorcycle rider training program
Status: in_force

(a) The Department shall establish standards for and shall administer the motorcycle rider training program. The program shall include rider training courses and instructor training. The Department may expand the program to include public awareness, alcohol and drug effects, driver improvement for motorcyclists, licensing improvement, program promotion, or other motorcycle safety programs.

(b) The Commissioner shall appoint a program coordinator who shall oversee and direct the program by setting program and funding guidelines, and conduct an annual evaluation.

(c) The Commissioner shall also appoint one or more training specialists who shall assist in establishing rider training courses throughout the State, support and implement program and funding guidelines, and supervise instructors and other personnel as necessary. The training specialist may be a trained chief instructor.

(d) An adequate number of rider training courses shall be provided to meet the reasonably anticipated needs of all persons in the State who desire to participate in the program. The Department shall issue certificates of completion in the manner and form prescribed by the Commissioner to persons who satisfactorily complete the requirements of the course.

(e) The Department may enter into contracts with either public or private institutions or organizations for technical assistance in conducting rider training courses, if the course is administered and taught according to standards established by the Department pursuant to this section for the motorcycle rider training program. If necessary, an organization conducting a rider training course shall charge a reasonable tuition fee that shall be determined by and paid to the Commissioner.

(f) The Commissioner shall adopt rules that are necessary to carry out the provisions of the motorcycle rider training program.

(g) In establishing standards for the motorcycle rider training program, the Department shall be guided by any existing national standards for such programs, including standards of the motorcycle safety foundation.

(h) Any person, agencies, institutions, or organizations offering motorcycle safety instruction under the auspices of this subchapter, with respect to such instruction activities, are exempt from the requirements of subchapter 4 of this chapter relating to driver training school licenses.
23 V.S.A. § 1043 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1043
§ 1043. Operation of neighborhood electric vehicles
Status: repealed

(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, the operator of a neighborhood electric vehicle may not operate the vehicle on a highway with a speed limit in excess of 35 miles per hour.

(b) The Traffic Committee for State highways or the legislative body of a municipality for town highways may prohibit the use of neighborhood electric vehicles on highways under their jurisdiction when deemed to be in the interest of public safety.

(c)(1) The operator of a neighborhood electric vehicle may cross a highway that has a speed limit of 50 miles per hour or less if the crossing begins and ends on a highway authorized for use by these vehicles and there is an intersection that is controlled by traffic control signals.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the Traffic Committee or the legislative body of a municipality may prohibit the operator of a neighborhood electric vehicle from traversing an intersection under their respective jurisdictions when the prohibition is deemed to be in the best interests of public safety. A prohibition shall become effective when appropriate signs giving notice are erected at the crossing.

(d) [Repealed.]
23 V.S.A. § 1117 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1117
§ 1117. Footrests and handlebars
Status: in_force

(a) Any motorcycle or motor-driven cycle carrying a passenger, other than in a sidecar or enclosed cab, shall be equipped with footrests for such passenger.

(b) No person shall operate any motorcycle or motor-driven cycle with handlebars more than 15 inches in height above that portion of the seat occupied by the operator.
23 V.S.A. § 2046 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2046
§ 2046. Lienholder to furnish information
Status: in_force

A lienholder named in a certificate of title shall, upon written request of the owner or of another lienholder named on the certificate, disclose any pertinent information as to his or her security agreement and the indebtedness secured by it.
23 V.S.A. § 372a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 372a
§ 372a. Local transit public transportation service
Status: in_force

(a) The annual registration fee for any motor bus used in local transit or public transportation service shall be $75.00, except for those vehicles owned by a municipality for such service that are subject to the provisions of section 376 of this title. In the event a bus registered for local transit or public transportation service is subsequently registered for general use during the same registration year, such fee shall be applied toward the fee for general registration.

(b) As used in this section, a motor bus used in public transportation service is a motor bus used by a nonprofit public transit system as defined in 24 V.S.A. § 5088(3), and a motor bus used in local transit is a motor bus used entirely within or not more than 100 miles beyond the boundaries of a city or town.
23 V.S.A. § 3313 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3313
§ 3313. Collisions, crashes, and casualties
Status: in_force

(a) The operator of a vessel involved in a collision, crash, or other casualty, so far as he or she can do so without serious danger to his or her own vessel, crew, and passengers, shall render to other individuals affected by the collision, crash, or other casualty such assistance as may be practicable and as may be necessary in order to save them from or minimize any danger caused by the collision, crash, or other casualty. Also, he or she shall give his or her name, address, and identification of his or her vessel in writing to any individual injured and to the owner of any property damaged in the collision, crash, or other casualty.

(b) If a collision, crash, or other casualty involving a vessel results in death or injury to an individual or damage to property in excess of $2,000.00, the operator shall file with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles within 36 hours a full description of the collision, crash, or other casualty, including such information as the Commissioner may, by rule, require.
23 V.S.A. § 1400 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1400
§ 1400. Permit to operate in excess of weight and size limits; State highways
Status: repealed

(a) A person owning or operating a traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle that desires to operate it over State highways or class 1 town highways in excess of the weight and size limits provided by this subchapter shall apply to the Commissioner for a permit. In the Commissioner's discretion, with or without hearing, the Commissioner may issue to the person a permit authorizing the person to operate the traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle upon State highways and class 1 town highways as the Commissioner may designate and containing the regulation subject to which the traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle is to be operated. The permit shall not be granted until satisfactory proof is furnished to the Commissioner that the traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle has been registered and the prescribed fee paid for a gross weight equal to a maximum legal load limit for its class. No additional registration fee shall be payable to authorize the use of the traction engine, tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle in accordance with the terms of the permit. The approval may be withdrawn for cause and may be withdrawn without cause any time after March 31 next following the date of issuance. When approval is withdrawn for cause or on March 31, the Commissioner shall immediately revoke the permit; when approval is withdrawn otherwise, the Commissioner shall revoke the permit within one month after withdrawal.

(b) The provisions of this section shall apply to any vehicle registered in another state, provided the vehicle meets all weight and size requirements of this State and is registered or holds a permit in the other state for the weight that the permit is sought.

(c) In addition, the Commissioner may issue permits to operate vehicles in excess of the size limits provided by this subchapter for operation over any class 2, class 3, or class 4 town highways except when the dimensions are such that blanket permits cannot be issued under the duly adopted rules of the Commissioner. In those instances, permits under section 1400a of this title shall be obtained.

(d) [Repealed.]

(e) Notwithstanding any other statute or rule to the contrary, overweight permits shall not be issued to vehicles registered in another state or province, unless that state or province issues similar permits on a reciprocal basis to vehicles registered in Vermont.
23 V.S.A. § 3214 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3214
§ 3214. Allocation of fees and penalties; liability insurance; authority to contract for law enforcement services
Status: in_force

(a) The amount of $5.00 from the sale of every resident and nonresident snowmobile registration shall be allocated to the Transportation Fund. The balance of fees and penalties collected under this subchapter, except interest, shall be remitted to the Agency of Natural Resources, which may retain for its use up to $11,500.00 during each fiscal year for oversight of the Statewide Snowmobile Trail Program, and the remainder shall be allocated to VAST for:

(1) Development and maintenance of the Statewide Snowmobile Trail Program (SSTP).

(2) Procuring trails' liability insurance in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.

(3) Contracting for law enforcement services with any constable, sheriff's department, municipal police department, the Department of Public Safety, or the Department of Fish and Wildlife to ensure compliance with the provisions of this chapter. The allocation for snowmobile law enforcement services shall be an amount equal to $5.00 from the sale of every resident and nonresident snowmobile registration. If this allocation for law enforcement services is not fully expended, the unexpended amount carried forward may be used to purchase capital equipment to aid law enforcement in the provision of services. VAST shall include proposed spending on law enforcement services and on capital equipment as part of the annual expenditure plan required by section 3215 of this chapter. The Departments of Public Safety and of Fish and Wildlife are authorized to contract with VAST to provide law enforcement services.

(b) VAST shall purchase a trails' liability insurance policy in the amount of $1,000,000.00. The State of Vermont shall be named an additional insured. The policy shall extend to all VAST affiliated snowmobile clubs and their respective employees and agents to provide for trails' liability coverage for development and maintenance of the Statewide Snowmobile Trail Program, including groomer use and operation. The Office of the Secretary of Administration shall assist VAST with the procurement of trails liability and other related insurance.

(c) Nothing contained in this section shall authorize or create any cause of action to accrue or to be maintained against the State of Vermont.

(d) Any fees and penalties allocated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not revert but shall be available until spent. Any accrued interest shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 3305 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3305
§ 3305. Fees
Status: in_force

(a) An individual shall not operate a motorboat on the public waters of this State unless the motorboat has a valid marine document issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or any successor federal agency or is registered in accordance with this chapter.

(b) Annually or biennially, the owner of each motorboat required to be registered by this State shall file an application for a number with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles on forms approved by him or her. The application shall be signed by the owner of the motorboat and shall be accompanied by an annual fee of $31.00, or a biennial fee of $57.00, for a motorboat in class A; by an annual fee of $49.00, or a biennial fee of $93.00, for a motorboat in class 1; by an annual fee of $80.00, or a biennial fee of $155.00, for a motorboat in class 2; by an annual fee of $153.00, or a biennial fee of $303.00, for a motorboat in class 3. Upon receipt of the application in approved form, the Commissioner shall enter the application upon the records of the Department of Motor Vehicles and issue to the applicant a registration certificate stating the number awarded to the motorboat and the name and address of the owner. The owner shall paint on or attach to each side of the bow of the motorboat the identification number in such manner as may be prescribed by rules of the Commissioner in order that it may be clearly visible. The registration shall be void one year from the first day of the month following the month of issue in the case of annual registrations or void two years from the first day of the month following the month of issue in the case of biennial registrations. A motorboat of less than 10 horsepower used as a tender to a registered motorboat shall be deemed registered, at no additional cost, and shall have painted or attached to both sides of the bow the same registration number as the registered motorboat with the number “1” after the number. The number shall be maintained in legible condition. The registration certificate shall be pocket size and shall be available at all times for inspection on the motorboat for which issued, whenever the motorboat is in operation. A duplicate registration may be obtained upon payment of a fee of $3.00 to the Commissioner. Registration fees shall be allocated in accordance with section 3319 of this title.

(c) A person engaged in the business of selling or exchanging motorboats, as defined in subdivision 4(8) of this title, of a type otherwise required to be registered by this subchapter shall register and obtain registration certificates for use as described under subdivision (1) of this subsection, subject to the requirements of chapter 7 of this title. A manufacturer of motorboats may register and obtain registration certificates under this section.

(1) A dealer motorboat registration number may be used:

(A) for the purpose of testing or adjusting motorboats in the immediate vicinity of his or her place of business;

(B) for some purpose directly connected with the business of purchasing, selling, or exchanging motorboats by the dealer;

(C) for demonstration when the prospective purchaser is operating the motorboat and is not accompanied by the dealer or his or her employee, but not for more than three days;

(D) for the temporary accommodation of a customer whose motorboat, because of crash or wear, is disabled and is left with the dealer for repairs for not more than 14 days;

(E) for the private business or pleasure use of the dealer and members of the dealer's immediate family residing in the same household; and

(F) for the use of those motorboats at regattas, marine parades, or water festivities where no charge is made for that use.

(2) The word “dealer” for the purpose of subdivision (1)(E) of this subsection shall include the principal officers of a corporation or dealer and those partners in a copartnership registered as a dealer as are actively and principally engaged in the motorboat business, but shall not include directors and stockholders nor inactive and silent partners.

(3) An application for a dealer motorboat registration and registration number shall be accompanied by the following fees:

(A) for the registration and first number applied for, $42.00; and

(B) for each additional number applied for in the current registration period, $12.00.

(4) The Commissioner shall issue a registration certificate of number for each identifying number awarded to the dealer in the manner described in subsection (a) of this section, except that a motorboat shall not be described in the certificate. A dealer's registration certificate expires one year from the first day of the month of issuance.

(5) A dealer's identifying number shall be displayed as required by subsection (a) except that the number may be temporarily attached.

(6) A dealer or representative of a dealer shall not use a dealer's identifying number for any purpose other than those described in subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(d)(1) Registration of a motorboat ends when the owner transfers title to another. The former owner shall immediately return directly to the Commissioner the registration certificate previously assigned to the transferred motorboat with the date of sale and the name and residence of the new owner endorsed on the back of the certificate.

(2) When a person transfers the ownership of a registered motorboat to another, files a new application, and pays a fee of $6.00, he or she may have registered in his or her name another motorboat of the same class for the remainder of the registration period without payment of any additional registration fee. However, if the fee for the registration of the motorboat sought to be registered is greater than the registration fee for the transferred motorboat, the applicant shall pay the difference between the fee first paid and the fee for the class motorboat sought to be registered.

(e) If an agency of the U.S. government has in force an overall system of identification numbering for motorboats within the United States, the numbering system employed under this subchapter by the Commissioner shall conform with that system.

(f) Every registration certificate awarded under this subchapter shall continue in effect as prescribed in subsection (b) of this section unless sooner ended under this chapter. The registration certificate may be renewed by the owner in the same manner provided for in securing the initial certificate.

(g) The owner shall notify the Commissioner of the transfer of any part of the owner's interest other than the creation of a security interest in a motorboat numbered in this State under subsections (a) and (b) of this section or of the destruction or abandonment of the motorboat, within 15 days after the transfer, destruction, or abandonment. The transfer, destruction, or abandonment shall end the certificate of number for the motorboat except that in the case of a transfer of a part interest that does not affect the owner's right to operate the motorboat, the transfer shall not end the certificate of number.

(h) Any holder of a registration certificate shall notify the Commissioner within 15 days if his or her address ceases to be the address appearing on the certificate and shall, as a part of the notification, furnish the Commissioner with his or her new address. The Commissioner may provide by rule for the surrender of the certificate bearing the former address and its replacement with a certificate bearing the new address or for the alteration of an outstanding certificate to show the new address of the holder.

(i) No number other than the number awarded to a motorboat or granted reciprocity under this subchapter may be painted, attached, or otherwise displayed on either side of the bow of the motorboat.

(j) The Commissioner, by rules adopted pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, may provide for the issuance of temporary registrations of motorboats pending issuance of the permanent registration. Motorboat dealers may issue temporary motorboat registrations. The dealer's fee for the temporary registrations shall be $6.00 for each registration purchased from the Department of Motor Vehicles. Temporary registrations shall be kept with the motorboat while being operated and shall authorize operation without the registration number being affixed for a period not to exceed 60 days from the date of issue.

(k) The Commissioner shall enclose with every permanent and temporary motorboat registration and registration renewal certificate issued pursuant to this chapter a statement, based on current aquatic nuisance threats and spread prevention methods, regarding the danger of aquatic nuisances, how aquatic nuisance species are spread, and how spread of aquatic nuisance species may be controlled.
23 V.S.A. § 1094 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1094
§ 1094. Operation without consent of owner; aggravated operation without consent of owner
Status: in_force

(a) A person commits the crime of operation without consent of the owner if:

(1) the person takes, obtains, operates, uses, or continues to operate the motor vehicle of another when the person should have known that the person did not have the consent of the owner to do so; or

(2) the person takes, obtains, operates, uses, or continues to operate the motor vehicle of another when the person knows that the person did not have the consent of the owner to do so.

(b) A person commits the crime of aggravated operation without consent of the owner if the person, without the consent of the owner, knowingly takes, obtains, operates, uses, or continues to operate the motor vehicle of another, and:

(1) the motor vehicle is not recovered within 24 hours of the time it is determined the theft occurred regardless of whether the operator is then in actual or constructive possession of the vehicle; or

(2) the motor vehicle sustains $500.00 or more in damage during the commission of the offense; or

(3) the person does any of the following:

(A) attempts to alter or disguise or alters or disguises the appearance of the motor vehicle;

(B) attempts to alter or remove or alters or removes the vehicle identification number as defined in subdivision 2001(3) of this title;

(C) uses the motor vehicle in the commission of a felony;

(D) causes bodily injury to another while operating or exercising control of the motor vehicle;

(E) abandons the motor vehicle outside the State of Vermont; or

(F) unlawfully attaches or otherwise displays in or upon the motor vehicle registration plates other than those officially issued for the motor vehicle.

(c) A person convicted under subdivision (a)(1) of this section shall be fined not more than $500.00. A person convicted under subdivision (a)(2) of this section shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both.

(d) A person convicted under subsection (b) of this section of aggravated operation without consent of the owner shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $2,000.00, or both.

(e) This section shall not be construed to limit or restrict prosecutions for grand larceny.

(f) A person convicted of violating this section shall be assessed a surcharge of $50.00, which shall be added to any fine or surcharge imposed by the court. The court shall collect and transfer the surcharge assessed under this subsection to be credited to the DUI Enforcement Fund. The collection procedures described in 13 V.S.A. § 5240 shall be utilized in the collection of this surcharge.
23 V.S.A. § 495 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 495
§ 495. Suspension of registration
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may cancel a registration certificate issued to a transporter whenever, after hearing before the Commissioner or upon conviction in any court in this State, the Commissioner finds that the transporter has violated any motor vehicle law in this State or any lawful rule of the Commissioner applying to transporters. A transporter whose certificate has been canceled shall immediately return to the Commissioner the registration certificate and the number plates furnished to the transporter by the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 2023 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2023
§ 2023. Transfer of interest in vehicle
Status: reserved

(a) If an owner transfers the owner's interest in a vehicle, other than by the creation of a security interest, the owner shall, at the time of delivery of the vehicle, execute an assignment and warranty of title to the transferee in the space provided on the certificate or as the Commissioner prescribes, and of the odometer reading or hubometer reading or clock meter reading of the vehicle at the time of delivery in the space provided on the certificate, and cause the certificate and assignment to be mailed or delivered to the transferee or to the Commissioner. Where title to a vehicle is in the name of more than one person, the nature of the ownership must be indicated by one of the following on the certificate of title:

(1) TEN ENT (tenants by the entirety);

(2) JTEN (joint tenants);

(3) TEN COM (tenants in common);

(4) PTNRS (partners); or

(5) TOD (transfer on death).

(b) Upon request of the owner or transferee, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall, unless the transfer was a breach of the lienholder's security agreement, either deliver the certificate to the transferee for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt of notice from the transferee of the owner's assignment, the transferee's application for a new certificate, and the required fee, mail or deliver the certificate, application, and fee to the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the lienholder under the lienholder's security agreement. If a dealer accepts a vehicle with a preexisting security interest as part of the consideration for a sale or trade from the dealer, the dealer shall mail or otherwise tender payment to satisfy the security interest within five days after the sale or trade.

(c) If a security interest is reserved or created at the time of the transfer, the certificate of title shall be retained by or delivered to the person who becomes the lienholder, and the parties shall comply with the provisions of section 2043 of this title.

(d) Except as provided in section 2024 of this title and as between the parties, a transfer by an owner is not effective until the provisions of this section and section 2026 of this title have been complied with; however, an owner who has delivered possession of the vehicle to the transferee and has complied with the provisions of this section and section 2026 of this title requiring action by him or her is not liable as owner for any damages thereafter resulting from operation of the vehicle.

(e) Notwithstanding other provisions of the law, whenever the estate of an individual who dies intestate consists principally of an automobile, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner of the motor vehicle and title to the same shall automatically and by virtue hereof pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed. This transaction is exempt from the provisions of the purchase and use tax on motor vehicles.

(1) Notwithstanding other provisions of the law, and except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, whenever the estate of an individual consists in whole or in part of a motor vehicle, and the person's will or other testamentary document does not specifically address disposition of motor vehicles, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner of the motor vehicle and title to the motor vehicle shall automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed. This transaction is exempt from the provisions of the purchase and use tax on motor vehicles.

(2) This subsection shall apply to no more than two motor vehicles, and shall not apply if the motor vehicle is titled in the name of one or more persons other than the decedent and the surviving spouse.

(f) Where the title identifies a person who will become the owner upon the death of the principal owner (transfer on death), the principal owner shall have all rights of ownership and rights of transfer until his or her death. The designated transferee shall have no rights of ownership until such time as the principal owner has died as established by a valid death certificate. At that time, the transferee shall become the owner of the vehicle subject to any existing security interests.
23 V.S.A. § 3908 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 37 / Section 3908
§ 3908. Compact administrator; interchange of information-Article VII
Status: in_force

(a) The head of the licensing authority of each party state shall be the administrator of this compact for his or her state. The administrators acting jointly, shall have the power to formulate all necessary and proper procedures for the exchange of information under this compact. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall furnish to the appropriate authorities of any other party state, any information or documents reasonably necessary to facilitate the administration of Articles III, IV, and V of this compact. The Commissioner shall not be entitled to any additional compensation on account of his or her service as administrator, but shall be entitled to expenses incurred in connection with his or her duties and responsibilities as administrator, in the same manner as for expenses incurred in connection with any other duties or responsibilities of his or her office or employment.

(b) The administrators of each state shall furnish to the administrator of each other party state any information or documents reasonably necessary to facilitate the administration of this compact.
23 V.S.A. § 1227 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1227
§ 1227. Certified inspection mechanics
Status: in_force

(a) Periodic inspections may be performed only by mechanics who have been certified by the Commissioner, provided that an uncertified person employed as an inspection mechanic may perform inspections during the first 30 days that he or she is employed by the inspection station.

(b)(1) A person who applies for certification under this section shall:

(A) complete an application form prescribed by the Commissioner;

(B) be at least 18 years of age; and

(C) except as otherwise provided pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection (b), pass an examination based on the official inspection manual for each type of vehicle to be inspected and on the inspection requirements for each type of vehicle to be inspected.

(2) A service member or veteran shall not be required to pass an examination pursuant to subdivision (1)(C) of this subsection if he or she has been designated by the U.S. Armed Forces as a 91B Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic or equivalent and has one or more of the following national certifications:

(A) ASE Diesel Mechanic;

(B) ASE Light Truck Engine Repair;

(C) ASE Automobile Service Consultant;

(D) Certified Hazardous Material Manager; or

(E) Associate Safety Professional.

(c) Upon an applicant's satisfaction of the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, the Commissioner shall issue a certification that shall remain in effect for a period of five years or until surrendered, suspended, or revoked. Inspection mechanics certified by their employer as competent to perform inspections and who were continuously employed by one or more designated inspection stations for a period of at least one year at any time prior to July 1, 1998 shall not be required to take the examination.

(d) To inspect a school bus, a certified inspection mechanic shall not be required to have a commercial driver's license if the mechanic:

(1) uses approved automated brake testing equipment in lieu of an inspection road test; or

(2) only operates the school bus at a safe location that is not a highway as defined in 19 V.S.A. § 1(12) as necessary to conduct an inspection road test.

(e) As used in this section:

(1) “Service member” means an individual who is an active member of:

(A) the U.S. Armed Forces;

(B) a reserve component of the U.S. Armed Forces;

(C) the U.S. Coast Guard; or

(D) the National Guard of any state.

(2) “Veteran” means a former service member who received an honorable discharge or a general discharge under honorable conditions from active duty not more than two years prior to submitting an application for certification under this section.
23 V.S.A. § 1050 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1050
§ 1050. Operation on approach of law enforcement and emergency vehicles or when approaching stationary law enforcement and emergency vehicles or work zone
Status: in_force

(a) Approach of law enforcement and emergency vehicles. Upon the approach of a law enforcement vehicle sounding a siren or displaying a blue or blue and white signal lamp, or both, or upon the approach of an ambulance, fire apparatus, vehicle operated by a volunteer firefighter, EMS personnel, or motor vehicle used in rescue operations as set forth in section 1252 of this title sounding a siren or displaying a red or red and white signal lamp, or both, all other vehicles shall pull to the right of the lane of traffic and come to a complete stop until the law enforcement or emergency vehicle has passed.

(b) Approaching law enforcement, emergency, and towing and repair vehicles. The operator of a vehicle approaching a stationary law enforcement vehicle displaying a blue or blue and white signal lamp; a stationary ambulance, fire apparatus, vehicle operated by a volunteer firefighter, or motor vehicle used in rescue operations as set forth in section 1252 of this title displaying a red or red and white signal lamp; or a stationary towing and repair vehicle displaying an amber signal lamp shall proceed with caution and, if traveling on a multilane highway and safety conditions permit, make a lane change into a lane farther away from the stationary vehicle. If the operator of the approaching vehicle must remain in the lane adjacent to the stationary vehicle, then the operator shall slow down to a reasonable, safe, and prudent speed given the safety conditions and posted speed limit.

(c) Approaching work zone. The operator of a vehicle approaching a properly designated work zone shall proceed with caution and slow down to a reasonable, safe, and prudent speed given the safety conditions and posted speed limit. If workers are only present on one side of a multilane highway and safety conditions permit, the operator shall remain in or make a lane change into a lane farther away from the workers.

(d) Authority of law enforcement. This section does not relieve the operator of an authorized law enforcement or emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway or the authority of law enforcement to regulate traffic irrespective of the foregoing provisions.
23 V.S.A. § 3219 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3219
§ 3219. Administrative penalties
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may impose an administrative penalty of not more than $250.00 against VAST or its agent for each violation of this subchapter or the rules adopted under this subchapter. A penalty arising from a single violation may be assessed against VAST or its agent, as may be appropriate, but not against both.

(b) Each violation is a separate and distinct offense, and, in the case of a continuing violation, each day's continuance may be deemed a separate and distinct offense. In no event shall the maximum penalty imposed for a continuing offense exceed $500.00.

(c) The Commissioner shall adopt rules establishing a schedule of administrative penalties to be imposed under this section. Penalties shall be based on the severity and frequency of the violation.

(d) VAST or its agent shall be given notice and opportunity for a hearing on any alleged violation. Service of the notice shall be sent by first-class mail. The notice shall include the following:

(1) a factual description of the alleged violation;

(2) a reference to the particular statute or rule allegedly violated;

(3) the amount of the proposed administrative penalty; and

(4) a warning that the right to a hearing will be deemed waived and a penalty will be imposed if no hearing is requested within 15 days from the date of the notice, and that failure to pay a penalty may result in suspension or cancellation of the privilege of issuing registrations pursuant to the provisions of section 3204 of this title by VAST or its agent.

(e) When VAST or its agent receives notice under subsection (d) of this section, it shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing unless, within 15 days from the date of the notice, a hearing is requested in writing. If the right to a hearing is waived, the Commissioner shall issue a final order finding VAST or its agent in default and imposing the penalty.

(f) The provisions of sections 105, 106, and 107 of this title shall apply to hearings conducted under this section.

(g) The Commissioner may collect an unpaid administrative penalty by filing a civil action in Superior Court or through any other means available to State agencies.

(h) If a penalty is not paid within 60 days after it is imposed, the Commissioner may suspend or cancel the privilege of issuing registrations granted to VAST or its agent under the provisions of section 3204 of this title.

(i) The remedies authorized by this section shall be in addition to any other civil or criminal remedies provided by law for a violation of this subchapter.

(j) All penalties collected under this section shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 3207b — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3207b
§ 3207b. Preliminary screening device
Status: in_force

When a law enforcement officer has reason to believe that a person may be violating or has violated section 3207a of this title, the officer may request the person to provide a sample of breath for a preliminary screening test using a device approved by the Commissioner of Health for this purpose. The person shall not have the right to consult an attorney prior to submitting to this preliminary breath alcohol screening test. The results of this preliminary screening test may be used for the purpose of deciding whether an arrest should be made and whether to request an evidentiary test and shall not be used in any court proceeding except on those issues. Following the screening test, additional tests may be required of the operator pursuant to the provisions of section 1202 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 610c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 610c
§ 610c. Legislative intent; existing driver's licenses without photograph or imaged likeness
Status: in_force

It is the intent of the General Assembly that the provisions of subsection 610(c) of this title not require individuals who, prior to July 1, 2004, were issued a driver's license without a photograph or imaged likeness to obtain a photograph or imaged likeness after that date.
23 V.S.A. § 3104 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3104
§ 3104. Calibration of tank vehicles
Status: in_force

A distributor shall cause all tank vehicles used by him or her in the delivery of motor fuel to be calibrated under the supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture, Food and Markets and under rules as he or she may prescribe, so as to show the number of gallons of motor fuel contained in these vehicles. The distributor shall make application in writing to the Secretary for calibration stating the number of tank vehicles to be calibrated.
23 V.S.A. § 4124 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4124
§ 4124. Penalties for fraud; action upon suspected fraud
Status: in_force

(a) If from the check of an applicant's license status and record prior to issuing a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license or at any time after the commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license is issued the Commissioner determines that the applicant or holder has knowingly falsified any information, documentation, or certifications required under this chapter, the Commissioner shall give the applicant or holder notice of his or her findings and an opportunity to show cause why the application, commercial learner's permit, or commercial driver's license should not be disqualified for a period of 60 consecutive days. The disqualification shall be effective 10 days after the notice is sent unless the applicant or holder requests a hearing. If after a hearing the Commissioner determines that the applicant or holder has knowingly falsified any information, documentation, or certifications required under this chapter, the Commissioner shall disqualify for a period of 60 consecutive days the individual's commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license, his or her pending application, or his or her privilege to operate a commercial motor vehicle.

(b) An individual convicted of fraud related to the issuance of a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license who seeks to renew, transfer, or upgrade the fraudulently obtained commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license shall be disqualified for one year. The disqualification shall be recorded in the individual's driving record.

(c) If the Commissioner receives credible information that a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license holder is suspected but has not been convicted of fraud related to the issuance of his or her commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license, the Commissioner shall require the holder to retake the skills or knowledge test, or both, and send the holder notice of the same. Within 30 days after notice is sent, the holder shall make an appointment or otherwise schedule to take the next available test. If the holder fails to make an appointment within 30 days, the Commissioner shall disqualify his or her commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license. If the holder fails either the knowledge or skills test or does not take the test, the Commissioner shall disqualify his or her commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license. Once a holder's commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license has been disqualified, he or she must reapply for a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license under the procedures applicable to all commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license applicants.
23 V.S.A. § 1401 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1401
§ 1401. Contents of permit
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall incorporate in the permit such descriptive matter as to the highways to be traveled over; the Commissioner's restrictions as to width and character of the wheels of such tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle; and other rules as in the Commissioner's judgment seem most conducive to a proper use of the highways.

(b) The Commissioner shall adopt rules under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 governing the conditions to be incorporated in the permit. These rules shall also assign each condition to one of three categories, depending on the seriousness of a violation of the condition.

(c) Violation of a rule adopted under this section shall constitute a traffic violation.

(d) A person who violates a rule adopted under this section shall be subject to the following penalties: $100.00 for a Category I violation; $200.00 for a Category II violation; and $300.00 for a Category III violation.
23 V.S.A. § 1301 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1301
§ 1301. Emergency exits
Status: in_force

The owner of a motor bus, designed to carry more than seven passengers and having a closed body, shall not operate such bus or permit the same to be operated, unless it has an exit in the rear end or an exit at the rear on the opposite side from the front door thereof through which passengers may pass in case of emergency.
23 V.S.A. § 882 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 882
§ 882. Insurer or surety as co-defendant
Status: in_force

The insurer or surety may be made a co-defendant with the owner of such motor bus in an action for such injury, death, or property damage.
23 V.S.A. § 1134a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1134a
§ 1134a. Motor vehicle passenger; consumption or possession of alcohol or cannabis
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a passenger in a motor vehicle shall not consume an alcoholic beverage or cannabis in the passenger area of any motor vehicle on a public highway.

(b) A passenger in a motor vehicle shall not possess any open container that contains an alcoholic beverage or cannabis in the passenger area of the motor vehicle.

(c) As used in this section:

(1) “Alcoholic beverage” shall have the same meaning as “alcohol” as defined in section 1200 of this title.

(2) “Passenger area” shall mean the area designed to seat the operator and passengers while the motor vehicle is in operation and any area that is readily accessible to the operator or passengers while in their seating positions, including the glove compartment, unless the glove compartment is locked. In a motor vehicle that is not equipped with a trunk, the term shall exclude the area behind the last upright seat or any area not normally occupied by the operator or passengers.

(d) A person, other than the operator, may possess an open container that contains an alcoholic beverage in the passenger area of a motor vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation or in the living quarters of a motor home or trailer coach.

(e) A person who consumes an alcoholic beverage or possesses an open container that contains an alcoholic beverage in violation of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $25.00. A person who consumes cannabis or possesses an open container that contains cannabis in violation of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $200.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1026 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1026
§ 1026. Lane control signals
Status: in_force

When lane direction control signals are placed over the individual lanes of a street or highway, vehicular traffic shall travel in any lane over which there is a green signal but may not enter or travel in any lane over which there is a red signal.