23 V.S.A. § 3312 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3312
§ 3312. Operations rules as between vessels
Status: in_force

(a) When two motorboats are approaching each other “head on” or in a manner so as to involve risk of collision, each motorboat shall bear to the right and pass the other motorboat on its left side.

(b) When two vessels approach each other obliquely or at right angles, the vessel approaching on the right side should maintain its course and speed.

(c) A vessel may overtake another vessel on either side but must be prepared to take early and substantial action to avoid collision. The vessel being overtaken should maintain its course and speed.

(d) The U.S. Coast Guard Inland Navigation Rules, 33 C.F.R. Part 83, as may be amended, are hereby adopted as the operative rules for Lake Champlain, Lake Memphremagog, and Wallace Pond in Canaan.
23 V.S.A. § 416 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 416
§ 416. Suspension and revocation
Status: in_force

The Commissioner, for cause, may deny a permit or suspend or revoke any permit issued by him or her. Hearings on any action by the Commissioner under this section may be had pursuant to the provisions of sections 105-107 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3835 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3835
§ 3835. Salvaged, totaled, and rebuilt vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) If a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle upon which a salvage certificate of title, a parts-only certificate, or other document indicating the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is not sold for reregistration purposes has been or should have been issued by the Commissioner or by any other jurisdiction or person, or if a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle that has been declared totaled is rebuilt and restored for operation, the owner shall not apply for a certificate of title or registration, and none shall be issued, until the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle has been inspected by the Commissioner or his or her authorized representative. The inspection of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by the Commissioner and shall include verification of the identification number and bills of sale or titles for major component parts used to rebuild the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle. When necessary, a new identification number shall be attached to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle as provided by section 2003 of this title. Any new title issued for these vessels, snowmobiles, or all-terrain vehicles shall contain the legend “rebuilt.”

(b) Any person who sells, trades, or offers for sale or trade to a prospective purchaser any interest in a salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall disclose the fact that the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle has been salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled both orally and in writing before a sale, trade, or transfer is made. Written disclosure that the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle has been salvaged, salvaged and rebuilt, or totaled, in addition to being disclosed on the certificate of title as required by this subchapter, shall also be conspicuously disclosed on any bill of sale, transfer, purchase, or other agreement.

(c) Failure of the seller to provide the notices required by this section shall result in the seller being required, at the option of the buyer, to refund to the buyer the purchase price, including taxes, license fees, and similar governmental charges.
23 V.S.A. § 1138 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1138
§ 1138. Clinging to motor vehicles
Status: in_force

No person may attach himself or herself or any bicycle, wagon, roller skates, sled, or toy vehicle upon which he or she is riding or will ride to any motor vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 1302 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1302
§ 1302. Rubber tires on trucks; number of trailers
Status: in_force

(a) Motor trucks shall be equipped with rubber tires.

(b) Not more than one trailer shall be attached to one motor truck. However, two vehicles may be towed in driveaway-towaway operations, including double saddlemount, if the operations conform with the safety regulations of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration relative to coupling devices and towing methods as set forth in 49 C.F.R. §§ 393.70 and 393.71, as amended. As used in this section, “driveaway-towaway operations” means any operation in which any motor vehicle or motor vehicles, new or used, constitute the commodity being transported, when one set or more of wheels of any such motor vehicle or motor vehicles are off the roadway during the course of transportation, whether or not any such motor vehicle furnishes the motive power.

(c) Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and those classes of qualifying Federal-aid Primary System highways as designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, commercial motor vehicle combinations consisting of a truck tractor and two trailing units may be operated with the approval of the Vermont Secretary of Transportation.
23 V.S.A. § 1143 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1143
§ 1143. Not evidence of negligence
Status: in_force

A violation of any provision of sections 1136 through 1141 of this title by any person under 16 years of age is not negligence or evidence of negligence.
23 V.S.A. § 2503 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 25 / Section 2503
§ 2503. Recording assessments
Status: in_force

Points shall remain assessed against the driving record of any person for a period of two years from the date of conviction.
23 V.S.A. § 3821 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3821
§ 3821. Suspension or revocation of certificate
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall suspend or revoke a certificate of title, upon notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard in accordance with section 3804 of this chapter, if he or she finds:

(1) the certificate of title was fraudulently procured or erroneously issued; or

(2) the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle has been scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed.

(b) Suspension or revocation of a certificate of title does not, in itself, affect the validity of a security interest noted on it.

(c) When the Commissioner suspends or revokes a certificate of title, the owner or person in possession of it shall, immediately upon receiving notice of the suspension or revocation, mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner.

(d) The Commissioner may seize and impound any certificate of title that has been suspended or revoked.
23 V.S.A. § 754 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 10 / Section 754
§ 754. Preemption; savings clause
Status: repealed

(a) Municipal ordinances, resolutions, or bylaws regulating transportation network companies are preempted to the extent they are inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to a municipal ordinance, resolution, or bylaw regulating transportation network companies adopted by a municipality with a population of more than 35,000 residents based on the 2010 census and in effect on July 1, 2017. This subsection shall be repealed on July 1, 2025.
23 V.S.A. § 3814 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3814
§ 3814. Refusal of certificate
Status: in_force

The Commissioner shall refuse issuance of a certificate of title if any required fee is not paid or if he or she has reasonable grounds to believe that:

(1) the applicant is not the owner of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle;

(2) the application contains a false or fraudulent statement; or

(3) the applicant fails to furnish required information or documents or any additional information the Commissioner reasonably requires.
23 V.S.A. § 2094 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2094
§ 2094. Records; inspection
Status: in_force

(a) Each person who purchases or in any manner acquires a motor vehicle as salvage shall keep and maintain for a period of not less than five years such records as may be prescribed by the Commissioner that are reasonably necessary to substantiate the information contained in the application required by sections 2091 and 2093 of this title. These records shall include parts and accessories obtained and used for the repair or rebuilding, or both, of a vehicle, and such financial records that will allow the Commissioner to determine if the person qualifies to become or remain licensed as a “salvage dealer.”

(b) The Commissioner or his or her agents may inspect and examine the books, records, premises, and vehicles on the premises of any salvage dealer during the usual business hours of the day to verify the truth and accuracy of any information furnished in connection with the provisions of this subchapter.

(c) Any salvage dealer who in any manner receives a motor vehicle that does not have a plate attached to said vehicle bearing the vehicle identification number shall notify the Commissioner in writing that such a vehicle has been received within seven days.
23 V.S.A. § 1710 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / Section 1710
§ 1710. Nolo contendere pleas
Status: in_force

A plea of nolo contendere accepted by the court shall constitute a conviction for the purposes of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1434 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1434
§ 1434. Operation in excess of weight, height, or width limits; penalties
Status: in_force

(a) General limits. The operation of a vehicle on a public highway in excess of the legal height, width, or length limits as prescribed in section 1431 or 1432 of this subchapter without first obtaining a permit to operate the vehicle, whether or not a permit is available, shall be a traffic violation, as defined in section 2302 of this title, and punishable by a civil penalty of $300.00 for a first offense, $600.00 for a second offense within a two-year period, and $800.00 for a third or subsequent offense within a two-year period.

(b) Permit limits. The operation of a vehicle on a public highway in excess of the legal height, width, or length limits as prescribed in section 1431 or 1432 of this subchapter in violation of the terms of a permit issued in conformance with section 1400 of this subchapter shall be a traffic violation, as defined in section 2302 of this title, and punishable by a civil penalty of $300.00 for a first offense, $600.00 for a second offense within a two-year period, and $800.00 for a third or subsequent offense within a two- year period.

(c) Covered bridges. The operation of a vehicle in excess of the legal limits designated for a covered bridge under section 1397a of this subchapter or applicable under subdivisions 1392(1) and (2) of this subchapter shall be a traffic violation, as defined in section 2302 of this title, and punishable by a civil penalty of $1,000.00 or, if the violation results in substantially impeding the flow of traffic, $2,000.00. For a second or subsequent conviction within a three-year period, the applicable penalty shall be doubled.

(d) Refusal to issue a permit. In the case of a violation under subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner may refuse to issue a permit to the violator under section 1400 of this subchapter for a period not to exceed three months if the owner or lessee commits four or more violations within a two-year period. If the holder of a permit commits four or more violations under subsection (b) of this section within a two-year period, the Commissioner may suspend, for a period not to exceed three months, any permit issued to the violator under section 1400 of this subchapter. For the purposes of this section, the owner or lessee of the vehicle shall be considered the holder of, or applicant for, the permit.
23 V.S.A. § 3018 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3018
§ 3018. Neglect or refusal to file a report; estimate of tax by Commissioner; penalty and interest
Status: in_force

If any person neglects or refuses to file any report required by this chapter, the Commissioner shall make an estimate of the tax due, based upon information available to the Commissioner, for the period for which that person failed to make the report and shall assess the tax due from the licensee, adding to the amount thus determined a penalty of 50 percent. In estimating the tax due from a licensed user, fuel consumption shall be computed at the rate of 10 miles per gallon for vehicles registered up to 10,000 pounds and four miles per gallon for those vehicles registered over 10,000 pounds. The assessment shall bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month from the date the tax payment was due until paid. The Commissioner shall give the licensee notice by mail of the assessment and payment shall be due within 15 days after the date of the mailing of the notice.
23 V.S.A. § 723a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 723a
§ 723a. Operation of course by Department of Motor Vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may also cause a driver retraining course to be operated by the Department of Motor Vehicles at the times and places and in the manner he or she may determine by rule from time to time.

(b) When an operator required to attend a driver retraining course under this subchapter applies to attend a course operated by the Department, he or she shall pay to the Department a fee set by the Commissioner, but not to exceed $25.00, that shall not be refunded.
23 V.S.A. § 1231 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1231
§ 1231. Administrative penalties
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner may impose an administrative penalty of not more than $500.00 for each violation against a designated inspection station or a certified inspection mechanic who violates the laws relating to the performance of periodic motor vehicle inspections or the official inspection manuals within the prior three years.

(b) Each violation is a separate and distinct offense and, in the case of a continuing violation, each day's continuance may be deemed a separate and distinct offense. In no event shall the maximum amount imposed for a continuing offense exceed $1,000.00.

(c) The Commissioner shall adopt rules establishing categories of violations for which administrative penalties are to be imposed under this section. Categories shall be based on the severity of the violation involved. Penalties assessed for each determination of violation of the inspection rules shall not exceed the following amounts per category:

(1) Violation of State law relative to inspection (Category 1)—$500.00.

(2) Violation of a Category 2 inspection rule—$300.00.

(3) Violation of a Category 3 inspection rule—$250.00.

(4) Violation of a Category 4 inspection rule—$100.00.

(5) Violation of a Category 5 inspection rule—$50.00.

(d) The alleged violator shall be given notice and opportunity for a hearing. Service of the notice shall be sufficient if sent by first-class mail to the station's address or the most recent address provided by the mechanic. The notice shall include the following:

(1) a factual description of the alleged violation;

(2) a reference to the particular statute allegedly violated;

(3) the amount of the proposed administrative penalty; and

(4) a warning that the person will be deemed to have waived the person's right to a hearing, that the penalty will be imposed if no hearing is requested within 15 days from date of notice, and that failure to pay a penalty may result in suspension of the person's license.

(e) A person who receives notice under subsection (d) of this section shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing unless, within 15 days from date of the notice, the person requests a hearing in writing. If the person waives the right to a hearing, the Commissioner shall issue a final order finding the person in default and imposing the penalty.

(f) The provisions of sections 105, 106, and 107 of this title shall apply to hearings conducted under this section.

(g) The Commissioner may collect an unpaid administrative penalty by filing a civil action in Superior Court or through any other means available to State agencies.

(h) If a penalty is not paid within 60 days after it is imposed, the Commissioner may suspend any license, certificate, registration, or permit issued under this subchapter.

(i) The remedies authorized by this section shall be in addition to any other civil or criminal remedies provided by law for violation of this subchapter.

(j) Penalties assessed under this section shall be deposited in the Transportation Fund.
23 V.S.A. § 2155 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2155
§ 2155. Fees and charges
Status: in_force

(a) Towing fees. For towing an abandoned motor vehicle from private property, a towing service may charge a reasonable fee to be paid by the vehicle owner or the landowner of the private property.

(b) Storage charges. In addition to any towing fee, an owner or lienholder reclaiming an abandoned motor vehicle may be charged and shall pay a fee for the costs of storage of the vehicle, except that no fee may be charged for storage for any period preceding the date upon which the form for abandoned motor vehicle certification is sent to the Department.
23 V.S.A. § 2020 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 21 / Section 2020
§ 2020. Withholding of certificate; bond required
Status: in_force

If the Commissioner is not satisfied as to the ownership of the vehicle or that there are no undisclosed security interests in it, the Commissioner may register the vehicle but shall either:

(1) Withhold issuance of a certificate of title until the applicant presents documents reasonably sufficient to satisfy the Commissioner as to the applicant's ownership of the vehicle and that there are no undisclosed security interests in it.

(2) As a condition of issuing a certificate of title, require an applicant who is a Vermont resident to file with the Commissioner a bond in the form prescribed by the Commissioner and executed by the applicant, and either accompanied by the deposit of cash with the Commissioner or also executed by a person authorized to conduct a surety business in this State. The bond shall be in an amount equal to one and one-half times the value of the vehicle as determined by the Commissioner and conditioned to indemnify any prior owner and lienholder and any subsequent purchaser of the vehicle or person acquiring any security interest in it, and their respective successors in interest, against any expense, loss, or damage, including reasonable attorney's fees, by reason of the issuance of the certificate of title of the vehicle or on account of any defect in or undisclosed security interest upon the right, title, and interest of the applicant in and to the vehicle. Any such interested person has a right of action to recover on the bond for any breach of its conditions, but the aggregate liability of the surety to all persons shall not exceed the amount of the bond. The bond, and any deposit accompanying it, shall be returned at the end of three years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in this State and the currently valid certificate of title is surrendered to the Commissioner, unless the Commissioner has been notified of the pendency of an action to recover on the bond. The Commissioner shall not issue titles to nonresidents under the provisions of this subdivision.
23 V.S.A. § 3017 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3017
§ 3017. Failure to file a report or pay the tax when due; penalty
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who fails to file a report when due shall pay a fee of $10.00 as partial compensation for the added administrative costs.

(b) In addition to the fee prescribed in subsection (a) of this section, any person who fails to pay any tax when due, except a tax assessed pursuant to sections 3016 and 3018 of this title, shall pay in addition to the tax interest calculated at one and one-half percent per month on the tax from the due date, until paid. In addition, if the taxpayer fails to pay the tax liability in full within 30 days, a penalty equal to five percent of the outstanding tax liability for each month or portion of a month shall be paid; provided, however, that in no event shall the amount of the penalty imposed under this section exceed 25 percent of the tax liability unpaid on the prescribed date of payment. The Commissioner may remit all or any part of the penalty if the Commissioner is satisfied that the delay was excusable.
23 V.S.A. § 3804 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3804
§ 3804. Hearing
Status: in_force

A person aggrieved by the Commissioner's act or omission to act by the Commissioner under this chapter is entitled, upon request, to a hearing in accordance with section 105 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 1415 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1415
§ 1415. Transfer of weight permits
Status: in_force

(a) Weight permits issued pursuant to this subchapter may be transferred from one vehicle to another vehicle. If the permit fee of the motor vehicle for which a permit is sought is less than the permit fee for the transferred motor vehicle, the Commissioner shall certify to the Commissioner of Finance and Management the facts pertinent to the difference of the permit fees, giving the name of the owner of the motor vehicle, his or her address, the amount of the original permit fee paid, the date of application for transfer, and the correct fee for the motor vehicle for which the permit is sought. The Commissioner of Finance and Management shall issue his or her warrant in favor of the owner for the percent of the difference in permit fees as the unexpired term bears to the entire permit period. If the permit fee for the motor vehicle for which a permit is sought is greater than the permit issued to the transferred vehicle, the permit applicant shall pay the difference based on the prorated term remaining on the permit. If a transfer of the permit is made before the 15th day of any month, the transfer shall be considered as having been made on the first day of the month. If the transfer of a permit is made on or after the 15th day of any month, the transfer shall be considered as having been made on the first day of the month following the application for transfer.

(b) Transfers issued pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall only be permitted if the applicant or an authorized representative appears at the Department of Motor Vehicles' office in Montpelier. Such transfers shall be permitted by mail, if the transfer is between vehicles registered at the same weight.
23 V.S.A. § 886 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 886
§ 886. Injured person may obtain name and description of insurer
Status: in_force

A person injured in person or property by a motor bus may apply to the Commissioner for the name and description of the insurer of the motor bus causing such injury or the name of the surety upon any indemnity bond or the owner thereof.
23 V.S.A. § 1050a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1050a
§ 1050a. Authorized highway maintenance vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this section, “authorized vehicle” means a vehicle authorized by the Agency of Transportation (in the case of State highways) or the municipality (in the case of town highways) to perform maintenance on a highway.

(b) The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way to any authorized vehicle obviously and actually engaged in work upon a highway when the vehicle displays flashing lights meeting the requirements of subsection 1252(d) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 4123 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4123
§ 4123. Penalty for authorizing railroad crossing violations
Status: in_force

Any employer who knowingly requires or permits a driver to operate a commercial motor vehicle in violation of section 1076 of this title is subject to a penalty of not more than $4,000.00.
23 V.S.A. § 3560 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3560
§ 3560. Amendments to the compact-Article IX
Status: in_force

(a) This compact may be amended from time to time. Amendments shall be presented in resolution form to the Chairman of the Board of Compact Administrators and may be initiated by one or more party jurisdictions.

(b) Adoption of an amendment shall require endorsement of all party jurisdictions and shall become effective 30 days after the date of the last endorsement.

(c) Endorsement of an amendment shall only be by act of the General Assembly.
23 V.S.A. § 4117 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 39 / Section 4117
§ 4117. Suspensions and disqualifications to run concurrently
Status: in_force

A suspension of an individual's operating privilege or license and a disqualification imposed under section 4116 of this title, imposed for the same violation, shall run concurrently.
23 V.S.A. § 1095 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1095
§ 1095. Entertainment picture visible to the operator
Status: in_force

A person shall not operate upon a highway in this State a moving motor vehicle carrying or having installed a screen or other device transmitting a moving entertainment picture that is visible to the operator.
23 V.S.A. § 1040 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1040
§ 1040. Driving on divided highways
Status: in_force

Whenever any highway is divided into two or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic, every vehicle may be driven only upon the right-hand roadway unless directed or permitted to use another roadway by official traffic-control devices or police officers. No vehicle shall be driven over, across, or within any dividing space, barrier, or section. A vehicle may be driven through an opening in a physical barrier or dividing section or space or at a crossover or intersection as established, unless specifically prohibited by public authority.
23 V.S.A. § 3217 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3217
§ 3217. Liability insurance; trail maintenance
Status: in_force

The State may extend coverage of its liability insurance to parties under contract with the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation for development and maintenance of the snowmobile trail system. Insurance coverage shall match the State's current financial liability limits and shall be limited to those activities defined by the development and maintenance contract. The Secretary of Administration shall pay for this extended coverage with funds from snowmobile registration receipts.
23 V.S.A. § 3561 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3561
§ 3561. Construction and severability-Article X
Status: in_force

This compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes stated herein. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the Constitution of any party jurisdiction or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government agency, person, or circumstance, the compact shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the Constitution of any jurisdiction party thereto, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the remaining jurisdictions and in full force and effect as to the jurisdiction affected as to all severable matters.
23 V.S.A. § 1403 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1403
§ 1403. Expiration or revocation
Status: in_force

Blanket permits shall expire at the same time as the vehicle's registration but may be revoked for cause by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles with or without hearing.
23 V.S.A. § 888 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 888
§ 888. Alternative form of security
Status: in_force

In lieu of all or part of the insurance or bond required by section 881 of this title, a motor bus owner may file with the Commissioner a bond conditioned for the payment and discharge of all liability described in section 881 of this title provided the policy of insurance, if any, or bond is approved by an order of the Transportation Board filed with the Commissioner determining the amount, if any, of insurance to be procured and the amount of a bond in addition to or in substitution for insurance. The Board may approve a bond without surety if it determines, by order made upon proper showing, that a surety on the bond is not required by the public interest because of the proven financial responsibility of the obligor, or because of collateral security consisting of deposits in a Vermont bank or negotiable securities held by such bank as trustee, or a combination thereof, pledged to secure the performance of the bond upon terms and conditions prescribed by the Board. If the order requires insurance or a surety bond, the policy of insurance or surety bond shall be executed by a company authorized to do business in this State.
23 V.S.A. § 1009 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1009
§ 1009. Restrictions of controlled-access roadway
Status: in_force

(a) The Traffic Committee by resolution or order entered in its minutes may regulate or prohibit the use of any controlled-access highway by any class or kind of traffic that is found to be incompatible with the normal and safe movement of traffic.

(b) The Traffic Committee adopting any such prohibition shall erect and maintain official traffic-control devices on the controlled-access highway on which such prohibitions are applicable and when these are in place, no person shall disobey the restrictions stated on such devices.

(c) The Traffic Committee may authorize the stopping of a school bus on a controlled-access highway to pick up or discharge passengers, except the Traffic Committee may only authorize the stopping of a school bus on the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways if, after a traffic and engineering study, it determines that there is no viable alternative and that adequate safety for the passengers, school bus, and other highway users can be maintained.
23 V.S.A. § 1600 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1600
§ 1600. Definition
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding subdivision 4(4) of this title, as used in this chapter, “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Public Safety.
23 V.S.A. § 1283 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1283
§ 1283. Identification and equipment of school buses
Status: in_force

(a) Types I and II school buses shall be:

(1) Identified with the words, “School Bus,” printed in letters not less than eight inches high, located between the warning signal lamps as high as possible without impairing visibility of the lettering from both front and rear.

(2) Painted national school bus glossy yellow, except that the hood shall be either national school bus glossy yellow or lusterless black, the fenders shall be either national school bus glossy yellow or black, and the roof shall be either national school bus glossy yellow or white. For Type II school buses, the requirements of this subdivision and subdivision (a)(3) of this section shall apply to any new bus ordered on or after January 1, 2000.

(3) Equipped with bumpers of glossy black, unless for increased night visibility they are covered with a reflective material, or, if the school bus is a plug-in electric vehicle, blue.

(4) Equipped with a system of signal lamps approved by the Commissioner, including an eight-light system on any new or used school bus ordered on and after July 1, 1976. The driver of a Type I or a Type II school bus shall keep the alternately flashing red signal lamps lighted whenever school children are being received or discharged, and they shall be used only for that purpose. A school bus driver found in violation of this subdivision shall be guilty of a traffic violation.

(5)(A) Equipped with a system of mirrors, if such a system is necessary to give the seated driver a view of the roadway to each side of the bus, and of the area immediately in front of the front bumper, in accordance with the following procedure: when a rod, 30 inches long, is placed upright on the ground at any point along a traverse line one foot forward of the forward most point of a school bus, and extending the width of the bus, at least seven inches of the length of the rod shall be visible to the driver, either by direct view or by means of an indirect visibility system.

(B) In addition, equipped with an inside mirror so located as to give the driver clear vision of the interior of the bus, and an outside mirror located on each side of the bus located so as to give an unobstructed view of the road to the rear.

(6) In compliance with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for school buses as of the date of manufacture.

(b) Any school bus meeting the identification requirements of subdivisions (a)(1)-(4) of this section that is permanently converted for use wholly for purposes other than transporting pupils to or from school, or transporting organized groups of preschool or school-age children, shall be painted a color other than national school bus glossy yellow and shall have the stop arm, if any, and equipment required by this section removed.

(c) Type I and Type II school buses being operated on a public highway and transporting primarily passengers other than school pupils shall have the words “School Bus” covered, removed, or otherwise concealed, and the stop arms and equipment permitted by section 1281a of this title shall not be operable through the usual controls.

(d) No motor vehicle other than a school bus shall display the identifying equipment and signs required by this section.
23 V.S.A. § 2302 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 24 / Section 2302
§ 2302. Traffic violation defined
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this chapter, “traffic violation” means:

(1) a violation of any provision of this title or rule adopted under this title for which no term of imprisonment is provided by law and for which a penalty of no more than $1,000.00 is provided;

(2) a violation of this title with a maximum penalty set at not more than $1,000.00 and for which no term of imprisonment is provided by law;

(3) a violation of this title with a scheduled penalty of not more than $1,000.00 established pursuant to 4 V.S.A. § 1102(d) and for which no term of imprisonment is provided by law;

(4) a violation of any municipal ordinance relating to the operation or use of motor vehicles or to the use of highways by pedestrians or by the operation of any other vehicle. Violations of municipal ordinances relating to parking of motor vehicles shall not be considered traffic violations;

(5) a violation of 5 V.S.A. chapter 28, relating to transportation of hazardous materials, and rules adopted pursuant to 5 V.S.A. § 2001;

(6) a violation of 5 V.S.A. chapter 29, relating to motor carrier safety standards, and rules adopted pursuant to 5 V.S.A. § 2101;

(7) a violation of 5 V.S.A. § 3408(c), relating to trail use of certain State-owned railroad corridors, or of 5 V.S.A. § 3734, related to trespassing on railroad property;

(8) a violation of 19 V.S.A. § 7(j), relating to access to or use of environmental mitigation sites administered by the Agency of Transportation;

(9) a violation for which the penalties are calculated under section 1391a of this title;

(10) a violation of subsection 3024(b) of this title;

(11) a violation of subsection 1006b(b), section 1006c, or subsections 4120(a) and (b) of this title; or

(12) a violation of section 4123 of this title.

(b) A traffic violation is not a crime and shall be treated as a civil action.

(c) A violation of a traffic law in this title for which no penalty is otherwise provided shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $1,000.00.
23 V.S.A. § 1055 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1055
§ 1055. Pedestrians on roadways
Status: repealed

(a) [Repealed.]

(b) Any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall, when practicable, walk only on the left side of the roadway or its shoulder facing the direction of possible oncoming traffic.
23 V.S.A. § 1308 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1308
§ 1308. Performance ability of brakes
Status: in_force

(a) The service brakes upon any motor truck, truck, and tractor or combination of vehicles shall be adequate to stop such vehicle or vehicles when traveling 20 miles per hour within a distance of 30 feet when upon dry asphalt or concrete pavement surface free from loose material where the grade does not exceed one percent.

(b) Under the conditions contained in subsection (a) of this section, the hand brake shall be adequate to hold such vehicle or vehicles stationary on any grade upon which it is operated.

(c) All braking distances specified in this section shall apply to all vehicles mentioned, whether such vehicles are not loaded or are loaded to the maximum capacity permitted.

(d) All brakes shall be maintained in good working order and shall be so adjusted as to operate as equally as practicable with respect to the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle.
23 V.S.A. § 810 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / Section 810
§ 810. Uncompensated victims; reporting requirements
Status: in_force

The Commissioner of Financial Regulation, with cooperation of the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and the Commissioner of Public Safety, shall direct any company issuing policies in this State insuring against liability arising out of the maintenance, ownership, or use of any motor vehicle to provide such information, reports, and data as the Commissioner determines will reasonably identify the number and characteristics of uninsured motorists and uncompensated victims of automobile crashes in the State in order to recommend policies designed to further reduce the numbers of uncompensated victims of motor vehicle crashes. As a condition of conducting business in the State, any company writing such policies shall comply with the directives of the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1404 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1404
§ 1404. Bond required
Status: in_force

In his or her discretion, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall require the applicant to file a bond of certificate of insurance in such amount as in his or her judgment seems adequate to cover any probable damage that may be occasioned by the use and operation of such tractor, trailer, motor truck, or other motor vehicle, executed by the applicant as principal and by a surety company authorized to transact business in this State as surety, conditional to pay all injuries or damages sustained by the State or by any municipality or person in consequence of the failure to comply with the provisions of such permit, or the excessive weight allowed by such permit, or the careless, negligent, or unlawful act of such principal or his or her agents or servants.
23 V.S.A. § 1220a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1220a
§ 1220a. DUI Enforcement Special Fund
Status: in_force

(a) There is created a DUI Enforcement Special Fund, which shall be a special fund established and managed pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5. The DUI Enforcement Special Fund shall be a continuation of and successor to the DUI Enforcement Special Fund established under subsection 1205(r) of this title.

(b) The DUI Enforcement Special Fund shall consist of:

(1) receipts from the surcharges assessed under section 206 and subsections 674(i), 1091(d), 1094(f), 1128(d), 1133(d), 1205(r), and 1210(k) of this title;

(2) beginning in fiscal year 2000 and thereafter, the first $150,000.00 of revenues collected from fines imposed under this subchapter pertaining to DUI related offenses;

(3) beginning May 1, 2013 and thereafter, $0.0038 per gallon of the revenues raised by the motor fuel tax on gasoline imposed by chapter 28 of this title, except for the revenues raised by the tax on aviation gasoline; and

(4) any additional funds transferred or appropriated by the General Assembly.

(c) The DUI Enforcement Special Fund shall be used for the implementation and enforcement of this subchapter for purposes specified and in amounts appropriated by the General Assembly. Effort shall be given to awarding grants to municipalities or law enforcement agencies for innovative programs designed to reduce DUI offenses, and priority shall be given to grants requested jointly by more than one law enforcement agency or municipality.
23 V.S.A. § 3307a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3307a
§ 3307a. Documented motorboat validation sticker
Status: in_force

(a) Annual validation required.

(1) An owner of a motorboat that has been registered in another state under a federally approved numbering system, or that has a valid document issued by the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, or any other federal agency, and that is used in the waters of the State for at least 60 days in any calendar year shall apply annually to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for validation of the out-of-state or federal registration of that motorboat.

(2) The Commissioner shall issue a validation sticker to any owner who submits an application and pays a fee as required by subsection (b) of this section, provided that the out-of-state or federal registration is valid and that the requirements of section 3322 of this title are met.

(3) A validation sticker issued under this section shall be valid through December 31 of the year in which it is issued.

(b) Application; fee. The owner of the motorboat shall:

(1) submit an application, on a form that the Commissioner requires, signed by every owner of the motorboat to the Commissioner; and

(2) pay to the Commissioner an application fee in the same amount as would be paid if the motorboat was being registered under subsection 3305(b) of this title.

(c) Sale of motorboat. Within 30 days after the sale or other transfer of a motorboat that is or should be validated under this section:

(1) the transferor shall give notice of the transfer to the Commissioner on a form that the Commissioner requires; and

(2) if the transferee intends to continue to use the motorboat on the waters of the State for at least 30 days in any calendar year, he or she shall submit an application for validation and pay the fee as required by subsection (b) of this section.

(d) Display of sticker. The validation sticker shall be displayed on or about the forward half of the motorboat.

(e) Operation without sticker prohibited. Unless the motorboat that is subject to the validation requirement of this section displays a current validation sticker:

(1) an individual shall not operate the motorboat on the waters of the State; and

(2) the owner shall not knowingly permit the motorboat to be operated on the waters of the State.
23 V.S.A. § 1305 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1305
§ 1305. Mirror required
Status: in_force

All motor trucks and motor vehicles towing a trailer or semi-trailer shall be equipped with a mirror not less than five inches in diameter or with less than 25 square inches of reflective area so attached that the driver shall at all times have a reflected view of other vehicles approaching from the rear. The mirror shall be attached in a manner that complies with the width requirements of section 1431 of this title. The extended rear-view mirror shall be retracted or removed when not towing a trailer or semi-trailer.
23 V.S.A. § 1742 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / Section 1742
§ 1742. Creation
Status: in_force

A police court may be created by any town having a population of 1,000 or more according to the preceding U.S. census with the sole jurisdiction of receiving waiver of service of process and trial, admission of violation, and fines from violators of parking ordinances of the town and for the sole purpose and with the sole authority of carrying out the provisions of this chapter.
23 V.S.A. § 3559 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 33 / Section 3559
§ 3559. Exceptions-Article VIII
Status: in_force

The provisions of this compact shall not apply to parking or standing violations, highway weight limit violations, and violations of law governing the transportation of hazardous materials.
23 V.S.A. § 1394 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1394
§ 1394. Designation of class 1 town highways
Status: in_force

The class 1 town highways connecting the State highways through cities, villages, or municipalities shall be designated by the State Transportation Board and marked by the State Secretary of Transportation. The State Secretary of Transportation shall have signs erected on each road that leads off the State Highway System stating the legal load of the highway leading from the State Highway System.
23 V.S.A. § 3212 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3212
§ 3212. Attempting to elude a law enforcement officer
Status: in_force

An operator of a snowmobile shall bring the snowmobile to a stop and not attempt to elude a law enforcement officer when signaled to do so by a law enforcement officer wearing insignia identifying him or her as such, or operating a law enforcement vehicle or snowmobile sounding a siren or displaying a flashing blue or blue and white signal lamp.
23 V.S.A. § 1033 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1033
§ 1033. Passing motor vehicles and vulnerable users
Status: in_force

(a) Passing motor vehicles generally. Motor vehicles proceeding in the same direction may be overtaken and passed only as follows:

(1) The driver of a motor vehicle overtaking another motor vehicle proceeding in the same direction may pass to its left at a safe distance and when so doing shall exercise due care, shall not pass to the left of the center of the highway except as authorized in section 1035 of this title, and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle.

(2) Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken motor vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking motor vehicle and shall not increase the speed of his or her vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.

(b) Approaching or passing vulnerable users. The individual operating a motor vehicle approaching or passing a vulnerable user as defined in subdivision 4(81) of this title shall exercise due care, which includes reducing speed and increasing clearance to a distance of at least four feet, to pass the vulnerable user safely, and shall cross the center of the highway only as provided in section 1035 of this title. An individual who violates this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00.

(c) Approaching or passing certain stationary vehicles. The individual operating a motor vehicle approaching or passing a stationary sanitation, maintenance, utility, or delivery vehicle with flashing lights shall exercise due care, which includes reducing speed and increasing clearance to a recommended distance of at least four feet, to pass the vehicle safely, and shall cross the center of the highway only as provided in section 1035 of this title. An individual who violates this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $200.00.
23 V.S.A. § 3012 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3012
§ 3012. Discharge of surety
Status: in_force

Any surety on a bond furnished by a licensee shall be discharged from any liability to the State accruing on the bond after expiration of 60 days from the date the surety filed by mail with the Commissioner a written request to be released and discharged, but the surety shall not be released or discharged from liability already accrued or that shall accrue before the expiration of the 60-day period. The Commissioner, upon receipt of such a request, shall promptly notify by mail the licensee who furnished the bond. Unless the licensee, prior to the expiration of the 60-day period, files a new bond satisfactory to the Commissioner, the Commissioner shall revoke his or her license.
23 V.S.A. § 304c — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 304c
§ 304c. Motor vehicle registration plates: Building Bright Futures
Status: in_force

(a) The Commissioner shall, upon application, issue “Building Bright Futures” registration plates for use only on vehicles registered at the pleasure car rate, on trucks registered for less than 26,001 pounds, on vehicles registered to State agencies under section 376 of this title, and excluding vehicles registered under the International Registration Plan. Plates so acquired shall be mounted on the front and rear of the vehicle. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall utilize the graphic design recommended by the Commissioner for Children and Families for the special plates to enhance the public awareness of the State's interest in supporting early childhood services. Applicants shall apply on forms prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and shall pay an initial fee of $29.00 in addition to the annual fee for registration. In following years, in addition to the annual registration fee, the holder of a plate shall pay a renewal fee of $29.00. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall adopt rules under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(b) Fees collected under subsection (a) of this section shall be deposited as follows:

(1) 29 percent in the Transportation Fund.

(2) 71 percent in the Building Bright Futures Fund created in 33 V.S.A. § 3531.

(c) Renewal fees collected under subsection (a) of this section shall be deposited as follows:

(1) 79 percent in the Building Bright Futures Fund created in 33 V.S.A. § 3531.

(2) 21 percent in the Transportation Fund.

(d) The Department of Motor Vehicles shall be charged by the Department of Corrections for the production of the Building Bright Futures license plates.
23 V.S.A. § 3819 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 36 / Section 3819
§ 3819. Fee to accompany applications
Status: in_force

(a) An application for a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.

(b) An application for the naming of a lienholder or his or her assignee on a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 305 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 305
§ 305. Registration periods
Status: repealed

(a) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall issue registration certificates and number plates upon initial registration, and registration certificates for each succeeding renewal period of registration upon payment of the registration fee. Number plates so issued will become void one year from the first day of the month following the month of issue, unless a longer initial registration period is authorized by law or unless this period is extended through renewal. Registrations issued for motor trucks shall become void one year from the first day of the month following the month of issue.

(b) The Commissioner shall issue a registration certificate and a number plate or number plates for each motor vehicle owned by the State, which shall be valid for a period of five years. Such motor vehicle shall be considered properly registered while the issued number plate or number plates are attached to the motor vehicle. The Commissioner may replace such number plate or number plates when in the Commissioner's discretion their condition requires.

(c) [Repealed.]

(d) When a registration for a motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle is processed electronically, a receipt shall be available electronically and for printing. An electronic or printed receipt shall serve as a temporary registration for 10 days after the date of the transaction. An electronic receipt may be shown to an enforcement officer using a portable electronic device. Use of a portable electronic device to display the receipt does not in itself constitute consent for an officer to access other contents of the device.
23 V.S.A. § 1136a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1136a
§ 1136a. Electric bicycles
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in this subsection, electric bicycles shall be governed as bicycles under Vermont law, and operators of electric bicycles shall be subject to all of the rights and duties applicable to bicyclists under Vermont law.

(b) Electric bicycles and their operators shall be exempt from:

(1) motor vehicle registration, inspection, and certificate of title requirements under chapter 7 of this title, section 1222 of this title, and chapter 21, subchapter 2 of this title;

(2) operator's license requirements under chapter 9, subchapter 1 of this title;

(3) financial responsibility requirements under chapter 11 of this title; and

(4) requirements applicable to all-terrain vehicles under chapter 31 of this title.

(c) An electric bicycle shall comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles promulgated by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, including 16 C.F.R. Part 1512 as may be amended, and may only be operated in such a way that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the operator stops pedaling or applies the brakes.

(d) A class 3 electric bicycle shall be equipped with a speedometer that displays the speed the bicycle is traveling in miles per hour.

(e)(1) An electric bicycle may be ridden in places where bicycles are allowed, including highways, bicycle lanes, and bicycle or multiuse paths.

(2) Following notice and a public hearing, a municipality, local authority, or State agency having jurisdiction over a bicycle or multiuse path may prohibit the operation of a class 1 electric bicycle or class 2 electric bicycle on that path if it finds that such a restriction is needed for safety reasons or compliance with other laws or legal obligations.

(3) A municipality, local authority, or State agency having jurisdiction over a bicycle or multiuse path may prohibit the operation of a class 3 electric bicycle on that path.

(4) This subsection shall not apply to a trail that is specifically designated as nonmotorized and that has a natural surface tread that is made by clearing and grading the native soil with no added surfacing materials. A municipality, local authority, or State agency having jurisdiction over a trail described in this subdivision may regulate the use of an electric bicycle on that trail.

(f) An individual under 16 years of age shall not operate a class 3 electric bicycle but may ride as a passenger on a class 3 electric bicycle that is designed to accommodate passengers.

(g) Manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.

(h) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle so as to change the motor-powered speed capability or engagement of an electric bicycle unless the label indicating the classification required in subsection (g) of this section is replaced after modification.
23 V.S.A. § 3002 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 27 / Section 3002
§ 3002. Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles or any officer or employee of the Department duly authorized by him or her to perform the functions mentioned or described in this chapter.

(2) “Dealer” means any person who sells or delivers fuel into the fuel supply tanks of motor vehicles owned or operated by others.

(3) “Distributor” means any person who sells or delivers fuel into bulk storage tanks of a dealer or user.

(4) “Fuel” means clear diesel fuel that has not been dyed in accordance with 26 U.S.C. § 4082 or section 211(I) of the Clean Air Act and any blend of undyed diesel and other fuel used or suitable for use for the generation of power to propel motor vehicles.

(5) “Motor vehicle” means any self-propelled vehicle using fuel on the public highways and registered or required to be registered for operation thereon.

(6) “Motor bus” means any motor vehicle with a seating capacity of more than 20 persons.

(7) “Motor truck” means a motor vehicle designed primarily for the transportation of property and goods and not primarily for the transportation of passengers.

(8) “Railroad fuel” means diesel fuel and any blend of diesel and other fuel used or suitable for use for the generation of power to propel a railroad train.

(9) “Use” means the consumption of fuel by a user to propel motor vehicles on the highways of the State.

(10) “User” means any person who uses fuel to propel a motor vehicle, owned or operated by him or her, upon the highways of this State. The term shall also include a lessor rental or leasing company when the lessor leases motor vehicles without drivers to a lessee under a contract where cost of fuel is included in lease payments and the lessor purchases fuel and maintains records of fuel used and miles traveled by such leased vehicles. In all other cases, upon application by either the lessor or lessee, the Commissioner will determine and approve the reporting and tax payment procedure to be used; provided, however, that the lessor and lessee shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the tax in any event.

(11) “Mail,” “mails,” “mailing,” and “mailed” mean any method of delivery authorized by the Commissioner, which shall include by hand, U.S. mail, and electronic transmission.
23 V.S.A. § 676 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 676
§ 676. Operation after suspension, revocation, or refusal - civil violation
Status: in_force

(a) A person whose license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle has been revoked, suspended, or refused by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for any reason other than a violation of subsection 1091(b), 1094(b), 1128(b) or (c) of this title or section 1201 of this title or a suspension under section 1205 of this title and who operates or attempts to operate a motor vehicle upon a public highway before the license or privilege of the person to operate a motor vehicle has been reinstated by the Commissioner commits a civil traffic violation.

(b) In establishing a prima facie case against a person accused of violating this section, the Judicial Bureau shall accept as evidence a printout attested to by the law enforcement officer as the person's motor vehicle record showing convictions and resulting license suspensions. The admitted motor vehicle record shall establish a permissive inference that the person was under suspension or had his or her license revoked on the dates and time periods set forth in the record. The Judicial Bureau shall not require a certified copy of the person's motor vehicle record from the Department of Motor Vehicles to establish the permissive inference.
23 V.S.A. § 1006 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1006
§ 1006. Stopping at railroad crossings
Status: in_force

The Traffic Committee may designate particularly dangerous railroad grade crossings, and the Agency of Transportation shall erect stop signs at each. The expense of erecting these stop signs shall be borne by the Agency of Transportation.
23 V.S.A. § 3205 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3205
§ 3205. Snowmobile equipment; windshield; use of headlight; illegal noise level; exemption from equipment requirement
Status: in_force

(a) Snowmobile; required equipment. All snowmobiles shall be equipped with one or more operational:

(1) headlight;

(2) red rear light;

(3) a fully functional brake in good mechanical condition;

(4) efficient muffler; and

(5) such other equipment and devices as may be required to meet the noise level specifications of subsection (d) of this section.

(b) Windshield. If the snowmobile is equipped with a windshield, it shall be free from sharp or jagged edges.

(c) Light. Lights shall be on during operation and the lenses of headlights shall be clear, as supplied by the manufacturer, and unimpaired by the installation of colored lenses or other devices that would impair the ability of the headlight to perform to its original equipment design specifications.

(d) Exhaust system; noise emissions. An individual shall not operate the following on the State Snowmobile Trail System:

(1) a snowmobile manufactured after February 1, 2007 that does not display a visible and unaltered marking of “SSCC Certified” issued by the Snowmobile Safety and Certification Committee (SSCC) on all critical components of the exhaust system; or

(2) a snowmobile, regardless of the date of manufacture, with an exhaust system that has been modified in a manner that amplifies or otherwise increases total noise emission above that of the snowmobile as originally constructed.

(e) Prohibited sale; illegal noise level; notice to consumer.

(1) No person shall sell for operation, or offer to sell for operation, within the State of Vermont, a snowmobile that does not comply with the exhaust system requirements specified in subsection (d) of this section.

(2) No snowmobile shall be equipped in any manner that permits the operator to bypass the muffler.

(3) No person shall sell or offer to sell a replacement exhaust system or component of an exhaust system that will not meet or exceed the exhaust noise reduction capabilities of the snowmobile manufacturer's original equipment specifications for the snowmobile.

(4) Any person selling or offering to sell a snowmobile or replacement exhaust system shall include in the specifications precise information concerning the designed maximum sound levels of the snowmobile or replacement exhaust system as outlined by the SSCC.

(f) Exemption from equipment requirements; racing contest. This section shall not apply to any snowmobile entered in a racing contest sponsored by a racing or snowmobile club, organization, or association during the period the snowmobile is actually participating in or practicing or preparing for a racing event at an area especially provided for the purpose.
23 V.S.A. § 3120 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 28 / Section 3120
§ 3120. Tax liability as property lien; discharge and foreclosure
Status: in_force

(a) If any licensee required to pay the tax under this subchapter neglects or refuses to pay the same after demand is made by the Commissioner, the amount, together with all penalties and interest provided for in this subchapter and together with any additional costs that may accrue, shall be a lien in favor of the State upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such licensee. Such lien shall arise at the time demand is made by the Commissioner and shall continue until the liability for such sum with interest and costs is satisfied or becomes unenforceable. Such lien shall have the same force and effect as the lien provided for in 32 V.S.A. § 5895, and notice of such lien shall be recorded as is provided in 32 V.S.A. § 5895.

(b) Release and foreclosure of the lien shall be as provided in 32 V.S.A. § 5895(b) and (c).

(c) This section shall also apply to any officer or agent found personally liable under section 3119 of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 706 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 706
§ 706. Powers of Commissioner
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may by rule prescribe requirements and standards for driver training, operation of driver training schools, and conduct of instructors. The charges for such driver training shall be subject to the approval of the Commissioner.
23 V.S.A. § 1203a — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / Section 1203a
§ 1203a. Independent chemical test; blood tests
Status: in_force

(a) A person tested has the right at the person's own expense to have someone of the person's own choosing administer a chemical test or tests in addition to any administered at the direction of the law enforcement officer under section 1203 of this title. The failure or inability to obtain an additional test or tests by a person shall not preclude the admission in evidence of the test taken at the direction of an enforcement officer unless the additional test was prevented or denied by the enforcement officer.

(b) Arrangements for a blood test shall be made by the person submitting to the evidentiary breath or saliva test, by the person's attorney, or by some other person acting on the person's behalf unless the person is detained in custody after administration of the evidentiary test and upon completion of processing, in which case the law enforcement officer having custody of the person shall make arrangements for administration of the blood test upon demand but at the person's own expense.

(c) If after reasonable efforts the person is unable to arrange transportation necessary to obtain the blood test upon completion of processing, the law enforcement officer shall provide or arrange transportation to a facility available to administer the test unless, for good cause, the officer is unable to do so. This subsection shall only apply if the person was tested with an infrared testing device.

(d) The physician, licensed nurse, medical technician, physician assistant, medical technologist, or laboratory assistant drawing a sample of blood shall use a sample collection kit provided by the Department of Public Safety or another type of collection kit. The sample shall be identified as to donor, date, and time; sealed; and mailed to the Department of Public Safety where it shall be held for a period of at least 45 days from the date the sample was taken. At any time during that period, the person may direct that the sample be sent to an independent laboratory of the person's choosing for an independent analysis. The Department of Public Safety may recover its costs of supplies, handling, and storage.

(e) The person requesting the sample is responsible for the costs of transportation, drawing the sample, and subsequent analysis. If the facility where the sample is drawn is unable to obtain payment from the person at the time the sample is drawn or within a reasonable time thereafter, the facility shall be entitled to reimbursement from the Office of the Defender General. The Office of the Defender General may recoup those costs and the court may impose conditions of release or probation for that purpose.

(f) The facility, physician, licensed nurse, medical technician, physician assistant, medical technologist, or laboratory assistant drawing blood shall in no manner be liable in any civil or criminal action except for negligence in drawing the blood.
23 V.S.A. § 1604 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / Section 1604
§ 1604. Seizure of motor vehicles
Status: in_force

An enforcement officer, without process, may seize a motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle found by him or her on which the manufacturer's serial or motor number or any of the identifying numbers placed on the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle by the manufacturer of the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle or any of the parts thereof have been obliterated, defaced, or tampered with, or when in his or her judgment the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle has been stolen, and may retain possession of the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle until the Commissioner or State's Attorney of the county where the vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle is found is satisfied as to the rightful ownership thereof. Immediately on the seizure of the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle, the officer shall report the same, together with all the facts obtainable by him or her, to the Commissioner, and the officer shall notify the State's Attorney of the county in which the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle was seized and cause the ownership of the motor vehicle, snowmobile, motorboat, or all-terrain vehicle to be investigated.
23 V.S.A. § 497 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / Section 497
§ 497. Rulemaking
Status: in_force

The Commissioner may adopt rules pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 consistent with this chapter as may be necessary to carry their provisions into effect. The rules may prescribe what shall be requisite to obtaining or retaining a dealer registration and may, by way of illustration and not limitation, include requirements regarding maintenance of knowledge of regulatory criteria, training standards, convictions, ownership or leasehold interests in real estate, facilities, hours and days of operation, proof of compliance with any other applicable laws or rules, and any other matter or thing that, in the Commissioner's judgment, will contribute to the registration and reasonable regulation of dealers in order to promote business, prevent fraud, and encourage fair and honest competition.
23 V.S.A. § 607 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / Section 607
§ 607. Junior operator's license
Status: in_force

(a) A junior operator's license may be issued initially only to persons who:

(1) are 16 and 17 years of age;

(2) have passed the driver examination required in subchapter 2 of this chapter and a driver education and training course approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles and the Secretary of Education; and

(3) have:

(A) possessed a learner's permit for not less than one year;

(B) submitted on a form provided by the Department of Motor Vehicles that is approved by the Commissioner, and certified by the operator's licensed parent or guardian, licensed or certified driver education instructor, or licensed person at least 25 years of age that there was at least 40 hours of practice behind the wheel, at least 10 of which was nighttime driving and that the operator was accompanied by his or her licensed parent or guardian, a licensed or certified driver education instructor, or another licensed individual at least 25 years of age, riding in the front passenger seat; and

(C) maintained a driving record without a learner's permit suspension, revocation, or recall for six consecutive months prior to licensure.

(b) An applicant for a junior operator's license shall not be given a license unless his or her parent, guardian, or a person standing in loco parentis to him or her files a written consent with the Commissioner.

(c) Any junior operator's license may be renewed. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, a renewed junior operator's license shall not be required to meet the requirements of subsection 610(b) of this title.
23 V.S.A. § 3325 — VT Code / Title 23 / Chapter 29 / Section 3325
§ 3325. Permissive inferences
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the trial of any civil or criminal action or proceeding arising out of acts alleged to have been committed by a person while operating, attempting to operate, or in actual physical control of a vessel on the waters of this State, the amount of alcohol in the person's blood or breath at the time alleged as shown by analysis of the person's blood or breath shall give rise to the following permissive inferences or presumptions:

(1) If there was at that time 0.05 percent or less by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or breath, it shall be presumed that the person was not under the influence of alcohol.

(2) If there was at that time in excess of 0.05 percent but less than 0.08 percent by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or breath, such fact shall not give rise to any presumption or permissive inference that the person was or was not under the influence of alcohol, but such fact may be considered with other competent evidence in determining whether the person was under the influence of alcohol.

(3) If there was at that time 0.08 percent or more by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or breath, as shown by analysis of the person's blood or breath, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of section 3323 of this title.

(4) If there was at any time within two hours of the alleged offense 0.10 percent or more by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or breath as shown by analysis of the person's blood or breath, it shall be a permissive inference that the person was under the influence of alcohol in violation of subdivision 3323(a)(2) or (3) of this title.

(b) Percent by weight of alcohol in the blood shall be based upon milligrams of alcohol per one hundred cubic centimeters of blood.

(c) The foregoing provisions shall not be construed as limiting the introduction of any other competent evidence bearing upon the question whether the person was under the influence of alcohol, nor shall they be construed as requiring that evidence of the amount of alcohol in the person's blood or breath must be preserved.