FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Tex. Const. art. 16, § 20 — Article 16 / Section 20
Texas Constitution Article 16, Section 20
Status: in_force

REGULATION OF MIXED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND INTOXICATING LIQUORS; LOCAL OPTION ELECTIONS; WINERIES. (a) The Legislature shall have the power to enact a Mixed Beverage Law regulating the sale of mixed alcoholic beverages on a local option election basis. The Legislature shall also have the power to regulate the manufacture, sale, possession and transportation of intoxicating liquors, including the power to establish a State Monopoly on the sale of distilled liquors. Should the Legislature enact any enabling laws in anticipation of this amendment, no such law shall be void by reason of its anticipatory nature. (b) The Legislature shall enact a law or laws whereby the qualified voters of any county, justice's precinct or incorporated town or city, may, by a majority vote of those voting, determine from time to time whether the sale of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes shall be prohibited or legalized within the prescribed limits; and such laws shall contain provisions for voting on the sale of intoxicating liquors of various types and various alcoholic content. (c) In all counties, justice's precincts or incorporated towns or cities wherein the sale of intoxicating liquors had been prohibited by local option elections held under the laws of the State of Texas and in force at the time of the taking effect of Section 20 , Article XVI of the Constitution of Texas, it shall continue to be unlawful to manufacture, sell, barter or exchange in any such county, justice's precinct or incorporated town or city, any spirituous, vinous or malt liquors or medicated bitters capable of producing intoxication or any other intoxicants whatsoever, for beverage purposes, unless and until a majority of the qualified voters in such county or political subdivision thereof voting in an election held for such purpose shall determine such to be lawful; provided that this subsection shall not prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages containing not more than 3.2 per cent alcohol by weight in cities, counties or political subdivisions thereof in which the qualified voters have voted to legalize such sale under the provisions of Chapter 116, Acts of the Regular Session of the 43rd Legislature. (d) The legislature may enact laws and direct the Alcoholic Beverage Commission or its successor to set policies for all wineries in this state, regardless of whether the winery is located in an area in which the sale of wine has or has not been authorized by local option election, for the manufacturing of wine, including the on-premises selling of wine to the ultimate consumer for consumption on or off the winery premises, the buying of wine from or the selling of wine to any other person authorized under general law to purchase and sell wine in this state, and the dispensing of wine without charge, for tasting purposes, for consumption on the winery premises, and for any purpose to promote the wine industry in this state. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, May 24, 1919, Aug. 26, 1933, Aug. 24, 1935, and Nov. 3, 1970; Subsec. (d) added Sept. 13, 2003.)
Tex. Const. art. 7, § 8 — Article 7 / Section 8
Texas Constitution Article 7, Section 8
Status: in_force

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. The Legislature shall provide by law for a State Board of Education, whose members shall be appointed or elected in such manner and by such authority and shall serve for such terms as the Legislature shall prescribe not to exceed six years. The said board shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Nov. 6, 1928.) ASYLUMS
Tex. Const. art. 1, § 3a — Article 1 / Section 3a
Texas Constitution Article 1, Section 3a
Status: in_force

EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW. Equality under the law shall not be denied or abridged because of sex, race, color, creed, or national origin. This amendment is self-operative. (Added Nov. 7, 1972.)
Tex. Const. art. 16, § 60 — Article 16 / Section 60
Texas Constitution Article 16, Section 60
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 5, § 29 — Article 5 / Section 29
Texas Constitution Article 5, Section 29
Status: in_force

COUNTY COURTS: TERMS OF COURT; PROBATE BUSINESS. The County Court shall hold at least four terms for both civil and criminal business annually, as may be provided by the Legislature, or by the Commissioners Court of the county under authority of law, and such other terms each year as may be fixed by the Commissioners Court; provided, the Commissioners Court of any county having fixed the times and number of terms of the County Court, shall not change the same again until the expiration of one year. Said court shall dispose of probate business either in term time or vacation, under such regulation as may be prescribed by law. Until otherwise provided, the terms of the County Court shall be held on the first Mondays in February, May, August and November, and may remain in session three weeks. (Added Aug. 14, 1883; amended Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 29: See Appendix, Note 3.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 45 — Article 3 / Section 45
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 45
Status: in_force

POWER OF COURTS TO CHANGE VENUE. The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided by law; and the Legislature shall pass laws for that purpose. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 4, § 2 — Article 4 / Section 2
Texas Constitution Article 4, Section 2
Status: in_force

ELECTION OF OFFICERS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. All the above officers of the Executive Department (except Secretary of State) shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State at the time and places of election for members of the Legislature. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 5, § 6 — Article 5 / Section 6
Texas Constitution Article 5, Section 6
Status: in_force

COURTS OF APPEALS; JUSTICES; JURISDICTION. (a) The state shall be divided into courts of appeals districts, with each district having a Chief Justice, two or more other Justices, and such other officials as may be provided by law. The Justices shall have the qualifications prescribed for Justices of the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals may sit in sections as authorized by law. The concurrence of a majority of the judges sitting in a section is necessary to decide a case. Said Court of Appeals shall have appellate jurisdiction co-extensive with the limits of their respective districts, which shall extend to all cases of which the District Courts or County Courts have original or appellate jurisdiction, under such restrictions and regulations as may be prescribed by law. Provided, that the decision of said courts shall be conclusive on all questions of fact brought before them on appeal or error. Said courts shall have such other jurisdiction, original and appellate, as may be prescribed by law. (b) Each of said Courts of Appeals shall hold its sessions at a place in its district to be designated by the Legislature, and at such time as may be prescribed by law. Said Justices shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective districts at a general election, for a term of six years and shall receive for their services the sum provided by law. (c) All constitutional and statutory references to the Courts of Civil Appeals shall be construed to mean the Courts of Appeals. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 7, 1978, Nov. 4, 1980, Nov. 5, 1985, and Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 6: See Appendix, Note 3.)
Tex. Const. art. 16, § 30b — Article 16 / Section 30b
Texas Constitution Article 16, Section 30b
Status: in_force

DURATION OF MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE OFFICES. Wherever by virtue of Statute or charter provisions appointive offices of any municipality are placed under the terms and provisions of Civil Service and rules are set up governing appointment to and removal from such offices, the provisions of Article 16, Section 30 , of the Texas Constitution limiting the duration of all offices not fixed by the Constitution to two (2) years shall not apply, but the duration of such offices shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil Service law or charter provisions applicable thereto. (Added Nov. 5, 1940.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 26 — Article 3 / Section 26
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 26
Status: in_force

APPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The members of the House of Representatives shall be apportioned among the several counties, according to the number of population in each, as nearly as may be, on a ratio obtained by dividing the population of the State, as ascertained by the most recent United States census, by the number of members of which the House is composed; provided, that whenever a single county has sufficient population to be entitled to a Representative, such county shall be formed into a separate Representative District, and when two or more counties are required to make up the ratio of representation, such counties shall be contiguous to each other; and when any one county has more than sufficient population to be entitled to one or more representatives, such representative or representatives shall be apportioned to such county, and for any surplus of population it may be joined in a Representative District with any other contiguous county or counties. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 5, § 14 — Article 5 / Section 14
Texas Constitution Article 5, Section 14
Status: in_force

JUROR QUALIFICATIONS. (a) The legislature shall prescribe by law the qualifications of grand jurors and petit jurors. (b) The legislature shall enact laws to exclude from serving on juries persons who have been convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery, or other high crimes. (Former Sec. 14 repealed Nov. 5, 1985; current Sec. 14 added Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 14: see Appendix, Note 3.)
Tex. Const. art. 7, § 7 — Article 7 / Section 7
Texas Constitution Article 7, Section 7
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 44 — Article 3 / Section 44
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 44
Status: in_force

COMPENSATION OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND CONTRACTORS; EXTRA COMPENSATION; UNAUTHORIZED CLAIMS; UNAUTHORIZED EMPLOYMENT. The Legislature shall provide by law for the compensation of all officers, servants, agents and public contractors, not provided for in this Constitution, but shall not grant extra compensation to any officer, agent, servant, or public contractors, after such public service shall have been performed or contract entered into, for the performance of the same; nor grant, by appropriation or otherwise, any amount of money out of the Treasury of the State, to any individual, on a claim, real or pretended, when the same shall not have been provided for by pre-existing law; nor employ any one in the name of the State, unless authorized by pre-existing law. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 1, § 8 — Article 1 / Section 8
Texas Constitution Article 1, Section 8
Status: in_force

FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS; LIBEL. Every person shall be at liberty to speak, write or publish his opinions on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege; and no law shall ever be passed curtailing the liberty of speech or of the press. In prosecutions for the publication of papers, investigating the conduct of officers, or men in public capacity, or when the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence. And in all indictments for libels, the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the facts, under the direction of the Court, as in other cases. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 4, § 17 — Article 4 / Section 17
Texas Constitution Article 4, Section 17
Status: in_force

PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF SENATE SERVING AS GOVERNOR; COMPENSATION OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR AND PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF SENATE. (a) If, while exercising the powers and authority appertaining to the office of Governor under Section 16(c) of this article, the Lieutenant Governor becomes temporarily unable or disqualified to serve, is impeached, or is absent from the State, the President pro tempore of the Senate, for the time being, shall exercise the powers and authority appertaining to the office of Governor until the Governor or Lieutenant Governor reassumes those powers and duties. (b) The Lieutenant Governor shall, while acting as President of the Senate, receive for his or her services the same compensation and mileage which shall be allowed to the members of the Senate, and no more unless the Texas Ethics Commission recommends and the voters approve a higher salary, in which case the salary is that amount; and during the time the Lieutenant Governor exercises the powers and authority appertaining to the office of Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall receive in like manner the same compensation which the Governor would have received had the Governor been employed in the duties of that office, and no more. An increase in the emoluments of the office of Lieutenant Governor does not make a member of the Legislature ineligible to serve in the office of Lieutenant Governor. (c) The President pro tempore of the Senate shall, during the time that officer exercises the powers and authority appertaining to the office of Governor, receive in like manner the same compensation which the Governor would have received had the Governor been employed in the duties of that office. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Nov. 5, 1991, and Nov. 2, 1999.)
Tex. Const. art. 8, § 13 — Article 8 / Section 13
Texas Constitution Article 8, Section 13
Status: in_force

SALES OF LANDS AND OTHER PROPERTY FOR UNPAID TAXES; REDEMPTION. (a) Provision shall be made by the Legislature for the sale of a sufficient portion of all lands and other property for the taxes due thereon that have not been paid. (b) The deed of conveyance to the purchaser for all lands and other property thus sold shall be held to vest a good and perfect title in the purchaser thereof, subject only to redemption as provided by this section or impeachment for actual fraud. (c) The former owner of a residence homestead, land designated for agricultural use, or a mineral interest sold for unpaid taxes shall within two years from date of the filing for record of the Purchaser's Deed have the right to redeem the property on the following basis: (1) Within the first year of the redemption period, upon the payment of the amount of money paid for the property, including the Tax Deed Recording Fee and all taxes, penalties, interest, and costs paid plus an amount not exceeding 25 percent of the aggregate total; and (2) Within the last year of the redemption period, upon the payment of the amount of money paid for the property, including the Tax Deed Recording Fee and all taxes, penalties, interest, and costs paid plus an amount not exceeding 50 percent of the aggregate total. (d) If the residence homestead or land designated for agricultural use is sold pursuant to a suit to enforce the collection of the unpaid taxes, the Legislature may limit the application of Subsection (c) of this section to property used as a residence homestead when the suit was filed and to land designated for agricultural use when the suit was filed. (e) The former owner of real property not covered by Subsection (c) of this section sold for unpaid taxes shall within six months from the date of filing for record of the Purchaser's Deed have the right to redeem the property upon the payment of the amount of money paid for the property, including the Tax Deed Recording Fee and all taxes, penalties, interest, and costs paid plus an amount not exceeding 25 percent of the aggregate total. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Nov. 8, 1932; Subsecs. (a)-(c) amended and (d) and (e) added Nov. 2, 1993; Subsecs. (c) and (d) amended Sept. 13, 2003.)
Tex. Const. art. 1, § 4 — Article 1 / Section 4
Texas Constitution Article 1, Section 4
Status: in_force

RELIGIOUS TESTS. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office, or public trust, in this State; nor shall any one be excluded from holding office on account of his religious sentiments, provided he acknowledge the existence of a Supreme Being. (Feb. 15, 1876.)
Tex. Const. art. 14, § 8 — Article 14 / Section 8
Texas Constitution Article 14, Section 8
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 41 — Article 3 / Section 41
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 41
Status: in_force

ELECTIONS BY SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. In all elections by the Senate and House of Representatives, jointly or separately, the vote shall be given viva voce, except in the election of their officers. (Feb. 15, 1876.) REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
Tex. Const. art. 11, § 4 — Article 11 / Section 4
Texas Constitution Article 11, Section 4
Status: in_force

CITIES AND TOWNS WITH POPULATION OF 5,000 OR LESS: CHARTERED BY GENERAL LAW; TAXES; FINES, FORFEITURES, AND PENALTIES. Cities and towns having a population of five thousand or less may be chartered alone by general law. They may levy, assess and collect such taxes as may be authorized by law, but no tax for any purpose shall ever be lawful for any one year which shall exceed one and one-half per cent of the taxable property of such city; and all taxes shall be collectible only in current money, and all licenses and occupation taxes levied, and all fines, forfeitures and penalties accruing to said cities and towns shall be collectible only in current money. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 3, 1909, and Nov. 2, 1920.)
Tex. Const. art. 14, § 4 — Article 14 / Section 4
Texas Constitution Article 14, Section 4
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 55 — Article 3 / Section 55
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 55
Status: in_force

RELEASE OR EXTINGUISHMENT OF INDEBTEDNESS TO STATE, COUNTY, SUBDIVISION, OR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION. The Legislature shall have no power to release or extinguish, or to authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or individual, to this State or to any county or defined subdivision thereof, or other municipal corporation therein, except delinquent taxes which have been due for a period of at least ten years. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Nov. 8, 1932.)
Tex. Const. art. 16, § 47 — Article 16 / Section 47
Texas Constitution Article 16, Section 47
Status: in_force

(Repealed Nov. 2, 1999.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 47: See Appendix, Note 1.)
Tex. Const. art. 5, § 22 — Article 5 / Section 22
Texas Constitution Article 5, Section 22
Status: in_force

(Repealed Nov. 5, 1985.)
Tex. Const. art. 12, § 3 — Article 12 / Section 3
Texas Constitution Article 12, Section 3
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 9, § 7 — Article 9 / Section 7
Texas Constitution Article 9, Section 7
Status: in_force

(Repealed Nov. 5, 2013.)
Tex. Const. art. 11, § 10 — Article 11 / Section 10
Texas Constitution Article 11, Section 10
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 1, § 15 — Article 1 / Section 15
Texas Constitution Article 1, Section 15
Status: in_force

RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate. The Legislature shall pass such laws as may be needed to regulate the same, and to maintain its purity and efficiency. Provided, that the Legislature may provide for the temporary commitment, for observation and/or treatment, of mentally ill persons not charged with a criminal offense, for a period of time not to exceed ninety (90) days, by order of the County Court without the necessity of a trial by jury. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 24, 1935.) Sec. 15-a. COMMITMENT OF PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND. No person shall be committed as a person of unsound mind except on competent medical or psychiatric testimony. The Legislature may enact all laws necessary to provide for the trial, adjudication of insanity and commitment of persons of unsound mind and to provide for a method of appeal from judgments rendered in such cases. Such laws may provide for a waiver of trial by jury, in cases where the person under inquiry has not been charged with the commission of a criminal offense, by the concurrence of the person under inquiry, or his next of kin, and an attorney ad litem appointed by a judge of either the County or Probate Court of the county where the trial is being held, and shall provide for a method of service of notice of such trial upon the person under inquiry and of his right to demand a trial by jury. (Added Nov. 6, 1956.)
Tex. Const. art. 5, § 3a — Article 5 / Section 3a
Texas Constitution Article 5, Section 3a
Status: in_force

(Repealed Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 3a: See Appendix, Note 3.) Sec. 3-b. DIRECT APPEAL FROM ORDER GRANTING OR DENYING INJUNCTION. The Legislature shall have the power to provide by law, for an appeal direct to the Supreme Court of this State from an order of any trial court granting or denying an interlocutory or permanent injunction on the grounds of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of any statute of this State, or on the validity or invalidity of any administrative order issued by any state agency under any statute of this State. (Added Nov. 5, 1940.) Sec. 3-c. QUESTIONS OF STATE LAW CERTIFIED FROM FEDERAL APPELLATE COURT. (a) The supreme court and the court of criminal appeals have jurisdiction to answer questions of state law certified from a federal appellate court. (b) The supreme court and the court of criminal appeals shall promulgate rules of procedure relating to the review of those questions. (Added Nov. 5, 1985.)
Tex. Const. art. 10, § 3 — Article 10 / Section 3
Texas Constitution Article 10, Section 3
Status: in_force

(Repealed Aug. 5, 1969.)
Tex. Const. art. 3, § 35 — Article 3 / Section 35
Texas Constitution Article 3, Section 35
Status: in_force

SUBJECTS AND TITLES OF BILLS. (a) No bill, (except general appropriation bills, which may embrace the various subjects and accounts, for and on account of which moneys are appropriated) shall contain more than one subject. (b) The rules of procedure of each house shall require that the subject of each bill be expressed in its title in a manner that gives the legislature and the public reasonable notice of that subject. The legislature is solely responsible for determining compliance with the rule. (c) A law, including a law enacted before the effective date of this subsection, may not be held void on the basis of an insufficient title. (Feb. 15, 1876. Subsec. (a) amended and (b) and (c) added Nov. 4, 1986.)