S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-206 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-206
SECTION 36-7-206. Termination of storage at warehouse's option.
Status: in_force

(a) A warehouse, by giving notice to the person on whose account the goods are held and any other person known to claim an interest in the goods, may require payment of any charges and removal of the goods from the warehouse at the termination of the period of storage fixed by the document of title, or, if a period is not fixed, within a stated period not less than thirty days after the warehouse gives notice. If the goods are not removed before the date specified in the notice, the warehouse may sell them pursuant to Section 36-7-210. (b) If a warehouse in good faith believes that the goods are about to deteriorate or decline in value to less than the amount of its lien within the time provided in subsection (a) and Section 36-7-210, the warehouse may specify in the notice given under subsection (a) any reasonable shorter time for removal of the goods and, if the goods are not removed, may sell them at public sale held not less than one week after a single advertisement or posting. (c) If, as a result of a quality or condition of the goods of which the warehouse did not have notice at the time of deposit, the goods are a hazard to other property or to the warehouse or to persons, the warehouse may sell the goods at public or private sale without advertisement or posting on reasonable notification to all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. If the warehouse, after a reasonable effort, is unable to sell the goods it may dispose of them in any lawful manner and does not incur liability by reason of that disposition. (d) The warehouse must deliver the goods to any person entitled to the goods under this chapter upon due demand made at any time before sale or other disposition under this section. (e) The warehouse may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale or disposition under this section but must hold the balance for delivery on the demand of any person to which the warehouse would have been bound to deliver the goods. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-206. Changes: Changes for style. Purposes: 1. This section provides for three situations in which the warehouse may terminate storage for reasons other then enforcement of its lien as permitted by Section 7-210. Most warehousing is for an indefinite term, the bailor being entitled to delivery on reasonable demand. It is necessary to define the warehouse's power to terminate the bailment, since it would be commercially intolerable to allow warehouses to order removal of the goods on short notice. The thirty day period provided where the document does not carry its own period of termination corresponds to commercial practice of computing rates on a monthly basis. The right to terminate under subsection (a) includes a right to require payment of "any charges", but does not depend on the existence of unpaid charges. 2. In permitting expeditious disposition of perishable and hazardous goods the pre-Code Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act, Section 34, made no distinction between cases where the warehouse knowingly undertook to store such goods and cases where the goods were discovered to be of that character subsequent to storage. The former situation presents no such emergency as justifies the summary power of removal and sale. Subsections (b) and (c) distinguish between the two situations. The reason of this section should apply if the goods become hazardous during the course of storage. The process for selling the goods described in Section 7-210 governs the sale of goods under this section except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) for the situations described in those subsections respectively. 3. Protection of its lien is the only interest which the warehouse has to justify summary sale of perishable goods which are not hazardous. This same interest must be recognized when the stored goods, although not perishable, decline in market value to a point which threatens the warehouse's security. 4. The right to order removal of stored goods is subject to provisions of the public warehousing laws of some states forbidding warehouses from discriminating among customers. Nor does the section relieve the warehouse of any obligation under the state laws to secure the approval of a public official before disposing of deteriorating goods. Such regulatory statutes and the regulations under them remain in force and operative. Section 7-103. Cross References: Sections 7-103 and 7-403. Definitional Cross References: "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Document of title". Section 1-102. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102]. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Notice". Section 1-202. "Notification". Section 1-202. "Person". Section 1-201. "Reasonable time". Section 1-205. "Value". Section 1-204. "Warehouse". Section 7-102. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-508 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-508
SECTION 36-7-508. Warranties of collecting bank as to documents of title.
Status: in_force

A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of another or with collection of a draft or other claim against delivery of documents warrants by the delivery of the documents only its own good faith and authority even if the collecting bank or other intermediary has purchased or made advances against the claim or draft to be collected. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-508. Changes: Changes for style only. Purposes: 1. To state the limited warranties given with respect to the documents accompanying a documentary draft. 2. In warranting its authority a collecting bank or other intermediary only warrants its authority from its transferor. See Section 4-203. It does not warrant the genuineness or effectiveness of the document. Compare Section 7-507. 3. Other duties and rights of banks handling documentary drafts for collection are stated in Article 4, Part 5. On the meaning of draft, see Section 4-104 and Section 5-102, comment 11. Cross References: Sections 4-104, 4-203, 4-501 through 4-504, 5-102, and 7-507. Definitional Cross References: "Collecting bank". Section 4-105. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Document of title". Section 1-102. "Documentary draft". Section 4-104. "Intermediary bank". Section 4-105. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102.] Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-103 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-103
SECTION 36-7-103. Relation of chapter to treaty, statute, tariff, classification or regulation.
Status: in_force

(a) This chapter is subject to any treaty or statute of the United States or regulatory statute of this State, or lawfully published tariff, to the extent the treaty, statute, regulatory statute or tariff is applicable. (b) This chapter does not modify or repeal any law prescribing the form or content of a document of title or the services or facilities to be afforded by a bailee, or otherwise regulating a bailee's business in any respect not specifically treated in this chapter. However, violation of such a law does not affect the status of a document of title that otherwise is within the definition of a document of title. (c) This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001, et. seq.) but does not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001(c)) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7003(b)). (d) To the extent there is a conflict between the Uniform Electronics Act and this chapter, this chapter governs. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Sections 7-103 and 10-104. Changes: Deletion of references to tariffs and classifications; incorporation of former Section 10-104 into subsection (b), provide for intersection with federal and state law governing electronic transactions. Purposes: 1. To make clear what would of course be true without the Section, that applicable Federal law is paramount. 2. To make clear also that regulatory state statutes (such as those fixing or authorizing a commission to fix rates and prescribe services, authorizing different charges for goods of different values, and limiting liability for loss to the declared value on which the charge was based) are not affected by the Article and are controlling on the matters which they cover unless preempted by federal law. The reference in former Section 7-103 to tariffs, classifications, and regulations filed or issued pursuant to regulatory state statutes has been deleted as inappropriate in the modern era of diminished regulation of carriers and warehouses. If a regulatory scheme requires a carrier or warehouse to issue a tariff or classification, that tariff or classification would be given effect via the state regulatory scheme that this Article recognizes as controlling. Permissive tariffs or classifications would not displace the provisions of this act, pursuant to this section, but may be given effect through the ability of parties to incorporate those terms by reference into their agreement. 3. The document of title provisions of this act supplement the federal law and regulatory state law governing bailees. This Article focuses on the commercial importance and usage of documents of title. State ex. rel Public Service Commission v. Gunkelman & Sons, Inc., 219 N.W.2d 853 (N.D. 1974). 4. Subsection (c) is included to make clear the interrelationship between the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and this article and the conforming amendments to other articles of the Uniform Commercial Code promulgated as part of the revision of this article. Section 102 of the federal act allows a State statute to modify, limit, or supersede the provisions of Section 101 of the federal act. See the comments to Revised Article 1, Section 1-108. 5. Subsection (d) makes clear that once this article is in effect, its provisions regarding electronic commerce and regarding electronic documents of title control in the event there is a conflict with the provisions of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable state law governing electronic transactions. Cross References: Sections 1-108, 7-201, 7-202, 7-204, 7-206, 7-309, 7-401, 7-403. Definitional Cross Reference: "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-103 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-103
SECTION 36-1-103. Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to promote its purposes and policies; supplementary general principles of law applicable.
Status: in_force

(a) This title must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are: (1) to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions; (2) to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; (3) to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions. (b) Unless displaced by the particular provisions of this title, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating cause shall supplement its provisions. OFFICIAL COMMENT Source: Former Section 1-102 (1)-(2); Former Section 1-103. Changes from former law: This section is derived from subsections (1) and (2) of former Section 1-102 and from former Section 1-103. Subsection (a) of this section combines subsections (1) and (2) of former Section 1-102. Except for changing the form of reference to the Uniform Commercial Code and minor stylistic changes, its language is the same as subsections (1) and (2) of former Section 1-102. Except for changing the form of reference to the Uniform Commercial Code and minor stylistic changes, subsection (b) of this section is identical to former Section 1-103. The provisions have been combined in this section to reflect the interrelationship between them. 1. The Uniform Commercial Code is drawn to provide flexibility so that, since it is intended to be a semi-permanent and infrequently-amended piece of legislation, it will provide its own machinery for expansion of commercial practices. It is intended to make it possible for the law embodied in the Uniform Commercial Code to be applied by the courts in the light of unforeseen and new circumstances and practices. The proper construction of the Uniform Commercial Code requires, of course, that its interpretation and application be limited to its reason. Even prior to the enactment of the Uniform Commercial Code, courts were careful to keep broad acts from being hampered in their effects by later acts of limited scope. See Pacific Wool Growers v. Draper & Co., 158 Or. 1, 73 P.2d 1391 (1937), and compare Section 1-104. The courts have often recognized that the policies embodied in an act are applicable in reason to subject-matter that was not expressly included in the language of the act, Commercial Nat. Bank of New Orleans v. Canal-Louisiana Bank & Trust Co., 239 U.S. 520, 36 S.Ct. 194, 60 L.Ed. 417 (1916) (bona fide purchase policy of Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act extended to case not covered but of equivalent nature), and did the same where reason and policy so required, even where the subject-matter had been intentionally excluded from the act in general. Agar v. Orda, 264 N.Y. 248, 190 N.E. 479 (1934) (Uniform Sales Act change in seller's remedies applied to contract for sale of choses in action even though the general coverage of that Act was intentionally limited to goods "other than things in action.") They implemented a statutory policy with liberal and useful remedies not provided in the statutory text. They disregarded a statutory limitation of remedy where the reason of the limitation did not apply. Fiterman v. J. N. Johnson & Co., 156 Minn. 201, 194 N.W. 399 (1923) (requirement of return of the goods as a condition to rescission for breach of warranty; also, partial rescission allowed). Nothing in the Uniform Commercial Code stands in the way of the continuance of such action by the courts. The Uniform Commercial Code should be construed in accordance with its underlying purposes and policies. The text of each section should be read in the light of the purpose and policy of the rule or principle in question, as also of the Uniform Commercial Code as a whole, and the application of the language should be construed narrowly or broadly, as the case may be, in conformity with the purposes and policies involved. 2. Applicability of supplemental principles of law. Subsection (b) states the basic relationship of the Uniform Commercial Code to supplemental bodies of law. The Uniform Commercial Code was drafted against the backdrop of existing bodies of law, including the common law and equity, and relies on those bodies of law to supplement it provisions in many important ways. At the same time, the Uniform Commercial Code is the primary source of commercial law rules in areas that it governs, and its rules represent choices made by its drafters and the enacting legislatures about the appropriate policies to be furthered in the transactions it covers. Therefore, while principles of common law and equity may supplement provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code, they may not be used to supplant its provisions, or the purposes and policies those provisions reflect, unless a specific provision of the Uniform Commercial Code provides otherwise. In the absence of such a provision, the Uniform Commercial Code preempts principles of common law and equity that are inconsistent with either its provisions or its purposes and policies. The language of subsection (b) is intended to reflect both the concept of supplementation and the concept of preemption. Some courts, however, had difficulty in applying the identical language of former Section 1-103 to determine when other law appropriately may be applied to supplement the Uniform Commercial Code, and when that law has been displaced by the Code. Some decisions applied other law in situations in which that application, while not inconsistent with the text of any particular provision of the Uniform Commercial Code, clearly was inconsistent with the underlying purposes and policies reflected in the relevant provisions of the Code. See, e.g., Sheerbonnet, Ltd. v. American Express Bank, Ltd., 951 F. Supp. 403 (S.D.N.Y. 1995). In part, this difficulty arose from Comment 1 to former Section 1-103, which stated that "this section indicates the continued applicability to commercial contracts of all supplemental bodies of law except insofar as they are explicitly displaced by this Act." The "explicitly displaced" language of that Comment did not accurately reflect the proper scope of Uniform Commercial Code preemption, which extends to displacement of other law that is inconsistent with the purposes and policies of the Uniform Commercial Code, as well as with its text. 3. Application of subsection (b) to statutes. The primary focus of Section 1-103 is on the relationship between the Uniform Commercial Code and principles of common law and equity as developed by the courts. State law, however, increasingly is statutory. Not only are there a growing number of state statutes addressing specific issues that come within the scope of the Uniform Commercial Code, but in some States many general principles of common law and equity have been codified. When the other law relating to a matter within the scope of the Uniform Commercial Code is a statute, the principles of subsection (b) remain relevant to the court's analysis of the relationship between that statute and the Uniform Commercial Code, but other principles of statutory interpretation that specifically address the interrelationship between statutes will be relevant as well. In some situations, the principles of subsection (b) still will be determinative. For example, the mere fact that an equitable principle is stated in statutory form rather than in judicial decisions should not change the court's analysis of whether the principle can be used to supplement the Uniform Commercial Code-under subsection (b), equitable principles may supplement provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code only if they are consistent with the purposes and policies of the Uniform Commercial Code as well as its text. In other situations, however, other interpretive principles addressing the interrelationship between statutes may lead the court to conclude that the other statute is controlling, even though it conflicts with the Uniform Commercial Code. This, for example, would be the result in a situation where the other statute was specifically intended to provide additional protection to a class of individuals engaging in transactions covered by the Uniform Commercial Code. 4. Listing not exclusive. The list of sources of supplemental law in subsection (b) is intended to be merely illustrative of the other law that may supplement the Uniform Commercial Code, and is not exclusive. No listing could be exhaustive. Further, the fact that a particular section of the Uniform Commercial Code makes express reference to other law is not intended to suggest the negation of the general application of the principles of subsection (b). Note also that the word "bankruptcy" in subsection (b), continuing the use of that word from former Section 1-103, should be understood not as a specific reference to federal bankruptcy law but, rather as a reference to general principles of insolvency, whether under federal or state law. Editor's Note "This act," referred to in this section, means Act No. 1065 of the 1966 Acts and Joint Resolutions, originally codified as Titles 10.1 to 10.10 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1962, and now codified as Title 36 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976. 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-203 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-203
SECTION 36-9-203. Attachment and enforceability of security interest; proceeds; supporting obligations; formal requisites.
Status: in_force

(a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral, unless an agreement expressly postpones the time of attachment. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) through (i), a security interest is enforceable against the debtor and third parties with respect to the collateral only if: (1) value has been given; (2) the debtor has rights in the collateral or the power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and (3) one of the following conditions is met: (A) the debtor has authenticated a security agreement that provides a description of the collateral and, if the security interest covers timber to be cut, a description of the land concerned; (B) the collateral is not a certificated security and is in the possession of the secured party under Section 36-9-313 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; (C) the collateral is a certificated security in registered form and the security certificate has been delivered to the secured party under Section 36-8-301 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; or (D) the collateral is deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, or electronic documents and the secured party has control under Section 36-7-106, 36-9-104, 36-9-105, 36-9-106, or 36-9-107 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement. (c) Subsection (b) is subject to Section 36-4-208 on the security interest of a collecting bank, Section 36-5-118 on the security interest of a letter-of-credit issuer or nominated person, Section 36-9-110 on a security interest arising under Chapter 2 or 2A, and Section 36-9-206 on security interests in investment property. (d) A person becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person if, by operation of law other than this chapter or by contract: (1) the security agreement becomes effective to create a security interest in the person's property; or (2) the person becomes generally obligated for the obligations of the other person, including the obligation secured under the security agreement, and acquires or succeeds to all or substantially all of the assets of the other person. (e) If a new debtor becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person: (1) the agreement satisfies subsection (b)(3) with respect to existing or after-acquired property of the new debtor to the extent the property is described in the agreement; and (2) another agreement is not necessary to make a security interest in the property enforceable. (f) The attachment of a security interest in collateral gives the secured party the rights to proceeds provided by Section 36-9-315 and is also attachment of a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral. (g) The attachment of a security interest in a right to payment or performance secured by a security interest or other lien on personal or real property is also attachment of a security interest in the security interest, mortgage, or other lien. (h) The attachment of a security interest in a securities account is also attachment of a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account. (i) The attachment of a security interest in a commodity account is also attachment of a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date." Effect of Amendment 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 35, in subsection (b)(3)(D), inserted "electronic documents", added reference to "36-7-106", and made other nonsubstantive changes.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-602 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-602
SECTION 36-9-602. Waiver and variance of rights and duties.
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided in Section 36-9-624, to the extent that they give rights to a debtor or obligor and impose duties on a secured party, the debtor or obligor may not waive or vary the rules stated in the following listed sections: (1) Section 36-9-207(b)(4)(C), which deals with use and operation of the collateral by the secured party; (2) Section 36-9-210, which deals with requests for an accounting and requests concerning a list of collateral and statement of account; (3) Section 36-9-607(c), which deals with collection and enforcement of collateral; (4) Sections 36-9-608(a) and 36-9-615(c) to the extent that they deal with application or payment of noncash proceeds of collection, enforcement, or disposition; (5) Sections 36-9-608(a) and 36-9-615(d) to the extent that they require accounting for or payment of surplus proceeds of collateral; (6) Section 36-9-609 to the extent that it imposes upon a secured party that takes possession of collateral without judicial process the duty to do so without breach of the peace; (7) Sections 36-9-610(b), 36-9-611, 36-9-613, and 36-9-614, which deal with disposition of collateral; (8) Section 36-9-615(f), which deals with calculation of a deficiency or surplus when a disposition is made to the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor; (9) Section 36-9-616, which deals with explanation of the calculation of a surplus or deficiency; (10) Sections 36-9-620, 36-9-621, and 36-9-622, which deal with acceptance of collateral in satisfaction of obligation; (11) Section 36-9-623, which deals with redemption of collateral; (12) Section 36-9-624, which deals with permissible waivers; and (13) Sections 36-9-625 and 36-9-626, which deal with the secured party's liability for failure to comply with this chapter.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-318 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-318
SECTION 36-2-318. Third party beneficiaries of warranties express or implied.
Status: in_force

A seller's warranty whether express or implied extends to any natural person who may be expected to use, consume or be affected by the goods and whose person or property is damaged by breach of the warranty. A seller may not exclude or limit the operation of this section.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-309 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-309
SECTION 36-9-309. Security interest perfected upon attachment.
Status: in_force

The following security interests are perfected when they attach: (1) a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods, except as otherwise provided in Section 36-9-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are subject to a statute or treaty described in Section 36-9-311(a); (2) an assignment of accounts or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor's outstanding accounts or payment intangibles; (3) a sale of a payment intangible; (4) a sale of a promissory note; (5) a security interest created by the assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable to the provider of the health-care goods or services; (6) a security interest arising under Section 36-2-401, 36-2-505, 36-2-711(3), or 36-2A-508(5), until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral; (7) a security interest of a collecting bank arising under Section 36-4-210; (8) a security interest of an issuer or nominated person arising under Section 36-5-118; (9) a security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under Section 36-9-206(c); (10) a security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary; (11) a security interest in a commodity contract or a commodity account created by a commodity intermediary; (12) an assignment for the benefit of all creditors of the transferor and subsequent transfers by the assignee thereunder; and (13) a security interest created by an assignment of a beneficial interest in a decedent's estate.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-328 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-328
SECTION 36-2-328. Sale by auction.
Status: reserved

(1) In a sale by auction if goods are put up in lots each lot is the subject of a separate sale. (2) A sale by auction is complete when the auctioneer so announces by the fall of the hammer or in other customary manner. Where a bid is made while the hammer is falling in acceptance of a prior bid the auctioneer may in his discretion reopen the bidding or declare the goods sold under the bid on which the hammer was falling. (3) Such a sale is with reserve unless the goods are in explicit terms put up without reserve. In an auction with reserve the auctioneer may withdraw the goods at any time until he announces completion of the sale. In an auction without reserve, after the auctioneer calls for bids on an article or lot, that article or lot cannot be withdrawn unless no bid is made within a reasonable time. In either case a bidder may retract his bid until the auctioneer's announcement of completion of the sale, but a bidder's retraction does not revive any previous bid. (4) If the auctioneer knowingly receives a bid on the seller's behalf or the seller makes or procures such a bid, and notice has not been given that liberty for such bidding is reserved, the buyer may at his option avoid the sale or take the goods at the price of the last good faith bid prior to the completion of the sale. This subsection shall not apply to any bid at a forced sale. Part 4 Title, Creditors and Good Faith Purchasers
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-5-109 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 5 / Section 36-5-109
SECTION 36-5-109. Fraud and forgery.
Status: in_force

(a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant: (1) the issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded by (i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and without notice of forgery or material fraud, (ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good faith, (iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person, or (iv) an assignee of the issuer's or nominated person's deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and (2) the issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the presentation in any other case. (b) If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a court of competent jurisdiction may temporarily or permanently enjoin the issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the issuer or other persons only if the court finds that: (1) the relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer; (2) a beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that it may suffer because the relief is granted; (3) all of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under the law of this State have been met; and (4) on the basis of the information submitted to the court, the applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim of forgery or material fraud and the person demanding honor does not qualify for protection under subsection (a)(1).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-708 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-708
SECTION 36-9-708. Persons entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement.
Status: in_force

A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this part if: (1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; and (2) the filing is necessary under this part: (A) to continue the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before this act takes effect; or (B) to perfect or continue the perfection of a security interest.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-203 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-203
SECTION 36-1-203. Lease distinguished from security interest.
Status: in_force

(a) Whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a lease or security interest is determined by the facts of each case. (b) A transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest if the consideration that the lessee is to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is an obligation for the term of the lease and is not subject to termination by the lessee, and; (1) the original term of the lease is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods; (2) the lessee is bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or is bound to become the owner of the goods; (3) the lessee has an option to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration upon compliance with the lease agreement; or (4) the lessee has an option to become the owner of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration upon compliance with the lease agreement. (c) A transaction in the form of a lease does not create a security interest merely because: (1) the present value of the consideration the lessee is obligated to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is substantially equal to or is greater than the fair market value of the goods at the time the lease is entered into; (2) the lessee assumes risk of loss of the goods; (3) the lessee agrees to pay, with respect to the goods, taxes, insurance, filing, recording, or registration fees, or service or maintenance costs; (4) the lessee has an option to renew the lease or to become the owner of the goods; (5) the lessee has an option to renew the lease for a fixed rent that is equal to or greater than the reasonably predictable fair market rent for the use of the goods for the term of the renewal at the time the option is to be performed; or (6) the lessee has an option to become the owner of the goods for a fixed price that is equal to or greater than the reasonably predictable fair market value of the goods at the time the option is to be performed. (d) Additional consideration is nominal if it is less than the lessee's reasonably predictable cost of performing under the lease agreement if the option is not exercised. Additional consideration is not nominal if: (1) when the option to renew the lease is granted to the lessee, the rent is stated to be the fair market rent for the use of the goods for the term of the renewal determined at the time the option is to be performed; or (2) when the option to become the owner of the goods is granted to the lessee, the price is stated to be the fair market value of the goods determined at the time the option is to be performed. (e) The "remaining economic life of the goods" and "reasonably predictable" fair market rent, fair market value, or cost of performing under the lease agreement must be determined with reference to the facts and circumstances at the time the transaction is entered into. OFFICIAL COMMENT Source: Former Section 1-201(37). Changes from former law: This section is substantively identical to those portions of former Section 1-201(37) that distinguished "true" leases from security interests, except that the definition of "present value" formerly embedded in Section 1-201(37) has been placed in Section 1-201(28). 1. An interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation is a "security interest." See Section 1-201(37). Security interests are sometimes created by transactions in the form of leases. Because it can be difficult to distinguish leases that create security interests from those that do not, this section provides rules that govern the determination of whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest. 2. One of the reasons it was decided to codify the law with respect to leases was to resolve an issue that created considerable confusion in the courts: what is a lease? The confusion existed, in part, due to the last two sentences of the definition of security interest in the 1978 Official Text of the Act, Section 1-201(37). The confusion was compounded by the rather considerable change in the federal, state and local tax laws and accounting rules as they relate to leases of goods. The answer is important because the definition of lease determines not only the rights and remedies of the parties to the lease but also those of third parties. If a transaction creates a lease and not a security interest, the lessee's interest in the goods is limited to its leasehold estate; the residual interest in the goods belongs to the lessor. This has significant implications to the lessee's creditors. "On common law theory, the lessor, since he has not parted with title, is entitled to full protection against the lessee's creditors and trustee in bankruptcy . . . . " 1 G. Gilmore, Security Interests in Personal Property Section 3.6, at 76 (1965). Under pre-UCC chattel security law there was generally no requirement that the lessor file the lease, a financing statement, or the like, to enforce the lease agreement against the lessee or any third party; the Article on Secured Transactions (Article 9) did not change the common law in that respect. Coogan, Leasing and the Uniform Commercial Code, in Equipment Leasing—Leveraged Leasing 681, 700 n.25, 729 n.80 (2d ed.1980). The Article on Leases (Article 2A) did not change the law in that respect, except for leases of fixtures. Section 2A-309. An examination of the common law will not provide an adequate answer to the question of what is a lease. The definition of security interest in Section 1-201(37) of the 1978 Official Text of the Act provided that the Article on Secured Transactions (Article 9) governs security interests disguised as leases, i.e., leases intended as security; however, the definition became vague and outmoded. Lease is defined in Article 2A as a transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term, in return for consideration. Section 2A-103(1)(j). The definition continues by stating that the retention or creation of a security interest is not a lease. Thus, the task of sharpening the line between true leases and security interests disguised as leases continues to be a function of this Article. This section begins where Section 1-201(35) leaves off. It draws a sharper line between leases and security interests disguised as leases to create greater certainty in commercial transactions. Prior to enactment of the rules now codified in this section, the 1978 Official Text of Section 1-201(37) provided that whether a lease was intended as security (i.e., a security interest disguised as a lease) was to be determined from the facts of each case; however, (a) the inclusion of an option to purchase did not itself make the lease one intended for security, and (b) an agreement that upon compliance with the terms of the lease the lessee would become, or had the option to become, the owner of the property for no additional consideration, or for a nominal consideration, did make the lease one intended for security. Reference to the intent of the parties to create a lease or security interest led to unfortunate results. In discovering intent, courts relied upon factors that were thought to be more consistent with sales or loans than leases. Most of these criteria, however, were as applicable to true leases as to security interests. Examples include the typical net lease provisions, a purported lessor's lack of storage facilities or its character as a financing party rather than a dealer in goods. Accordingly, this section contains no reference to the parties' intent. Subsections (a) and (b) were originally taken from Section 1(2) of the Uniform Conditional Sales Act (act withdrawn 1943), modified to reflect current leasing practice. Thus, reference to the case law prior to the incorporation of those concepts in this article will provide a useful source of precedent. Gilmore, Security Law, Formalism and Article 9, 47 Neb.L.Rev. 659, 671 (1968). Whether a transaction creates a lease or a security interest continues to be determined by the facts of each case. Subsection (b) further provides that a transaction creates a security interest if the lessee has an obligation to continue paying consideration for the term of the lease, if the obligation is not terminable by the lessee (thus correcting early statutory gloss, e.g., In re Royer's Bakery, Inc., 1 U.C.C. Rep.Serv. (Callaghan) 342 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1963)) and if one of four additional tests is met. The first of these four tests, subparagraph (1), is that the original lease term is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods. The second of these tests, subparagraph (2), is that the lessee is either bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or to become the owner of the goods. In re Gehrke Enters., 1 Bankr. 647, 651-52 (Bankr.W.D.Wis.1979). The third of these tests, subparagraph (3), is whether the lessee has an option to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration, which is defined later in this section. In re Celeryvale Transp., 44 Bankr. 1007, 1014-15 (Bankr.E.D.Tenn.1984). The fourth of these tests, subparagraph (4), is whether the lessee has an option to become the owner of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration. All of these tests focus on economics, not the intent of the parties. In re Berge, 32 Bankr. 370, 371-73 (Bankr.W.D.Wis.1983). The focus on economics is reinforced by subsection (c). It states that a transaction does not create a security interest merely because the transaction has certain characteristics listed therein. Subparagraph (1) has no statutory derivative; it states that a full payout lease does not per se create a security interest. Rushton v. Shea, 419 F.Supp. 1349, 1365 (D.Del.1976). Subparagraphs (2) and (3) provide the same regarding the provisions of the typical net lease. Compare All-States Leasing Co. v. Ochs, 42 Or.App. 319, 600 P.2d 899(Ct.App.1979), with In re Tillery, 571 F.2d 1361 (5th Cir.1978). Subparagraph (4) restates and expands the provisions of the 1978 Official Text of Section 1-201(37) to make clear that the option can be to buy or renew. Subparagraphs (5) and (6) treat fixed price options and provide that fair market value must be determined at the time the transaction is entered into. Compare Arnold Mach. Co. v. Balls, 624 P.2d 678 (Utah 1981), with Aoki v. Shepherd Mach. Co., 665 F.2d 941 (9th Cir.1982). The relationship of subsection (b) to subsection (c) deserves to be explored. The fixed price purchase option provides a useful example. A fixed price purchase option in a lease does not of itself create a security interest. This is particularly true if the fixed price is equal to or greater than the reasonably predictable fair market value of the goods at the time the option is to be performed. A security interest is created only if the option price is nominal and the conditions stated in the introduction to the second paragraph of this subsection are met. There is a set of purchase options whose fixed price is less than fair market value but greater than nominal that must be determined on the facts of each case to ascertain whether the transaction in which the option is included creates a lease or a security interest. It was possible to provide for various other permutations and combinations with respect to options to purchase and renew. For example, this section could have stated a rule to govern the facts of In re Marhoefer Packing Co., 674 F.2d 1139 (7th Cir.1982). This was not done because it would unnecessarily complicate the definition. Further development of this rule is left to the courts. Subsections (d) and (e) provide definitions and rules of construction. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-310 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-310
SECTION 36-3-310. Effect on obligation when instrument taken.
Status: in_force

(a) Unless otherwise agreed, if a certified check, cashier's check, or teller's check is taken for an obligation, the obligation is discharged to the same extent discharge would result if an amount of money equal to the amount of the instrument were taken in payment of the obligation. Discharge of the obligation does not affect any liability that the obligor may have as an indorser of the instrument. (b) Unless otherwise agreed and except as provided in Subsection (a), if a note or an uncertified check is taken for an obligation, the obligation is suspended to the same extent the obligation would be discharged if an amount of money equal to the amount of the instrument were taken, and the following rules apply: (1) In the case of an uncertified check, suspension of the obligation continues until dishonor of the check or until it is paid or certified. Payment or certification of the check results in discharge of the obligation to the extent of the amount of the check. (2) In the case of a note, suspension of the obligation continues until dishonor of the note or until it is paid. Payment of the note results in discharge of the obligation to the extent of the payment. (3) Except as provided in Paragraph (4), if the check or note is dishonored and the obligee of the obligation for which the instrument was taken is the person entitled to enforce the instrument, the obligee may enforce either the instrument or the obligation. In the case of an instrument of a third person which is negotiated to the obligee by the obligor, discharge of the obligor on the instrument also discharges the obligation. (4) If the person entitled to enforce the instrument taken for an obligation is a person other than the obligee, the obligee may not enforce the obligation to the extent the obligation is suspended. If the obligee is the person entitled to enforce the instrument but no longer has possession of it because it was lost, stolen, or destroyed, the obligation may not be enforced to the extent of the amount payable on the instrument, and to that extent the obligee's rights against the obligor are limited to enforcement of the instrument. (c) If an instrument other than one described in Subsection (a) or (b) is taken for an obligation, the effect is (i) that stated in subsection (a) if the instrument is one on which a bank is liable as maker or acceptor, or (ii) that stated in Subsection (b) in any other case.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-525 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-525
SECTION 36-9-525. Fees.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), the fee for filing and indexing a record under this part, other than an initial financing statement of the kind described in subsection (b), is the amount specified in subsection (c), if applicable, plus: (1) eight dollars if the record is communicated in writing and consists of one or two pages; (2) ten dollars if the record is communicated in writing and consists of three pages and one dollar for each additional page after the third page; and (3) ten dollars if the record is communicated by another medium authorized by filing-office rule. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), the fee for filing and indexing an initial financing statement of the following kind is the amount specified in subsection (c), if applicable, plus: (1) twenty dollars if the financing statement indicates that it is filed in connection with a public-finance transaction; (2) twenty dollars if the financing statement indicates that it is filed in connection with a manufactured-home transaction. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), if a record is communicated in writing, the fee for each name more than two required to be indexed is two dollars. (d) The fee for responding to a request for information from the filing office, including for issuing a certificate showing whether there is on file any financing statement naming a particular debtor, is: (1) five dollars if the request is communicated in writing; and (2) five dollars if the request is communicated by another medium authorized by filing-office rule. (e) This section does not require a fee with respect to a record of a mortgage which is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or as a financing statement covering as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut under Section 36-9-502(c). However, the recording and satisfaction fees that otherwise would be applicable to the record of the mortgage apply. Effect of Amendment The 2002 amendment, in subsection (a), deleted paragraphs (1) to (3) and added the last clause starting with "two dollars". The 2003 amendment, in subsection (a), substituted paragraphs (1) to (3) for "two dollars for the first page and one dollar for each additional page" at the end of the subsection.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-512 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-512
SECTION 36-9-512. Amendment of financing statement.
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to Section 36-9-509, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or, subject to subsection (e), otherwise amend the information provided in, a financing statement by filing an amendment that: (1) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which the amendment relates; and (2) if the amendment relates to an initial financing statement filed or recorded in a filing office described in Section 36-9-501(a)(1), provides the date and time that the initial financing statement was filed or recorded and the information specified in Section 36-9-502(b). (b) Except as otherwise provided in Section 36-9-515, the filing of an amendment does not extend the period of effectiveness of the financing statement. (c) A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds collateral is effective as to the added collateral only from the date of the filing of the amendment. (d) A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds a debtor is effective as to the added debtor only from the date of the filing of the amendment. (e) An amendment is ineffective to the extent it: (1) purports to delete all debtors and fails to provide the name of a debtor to be covered by the financing statement; or (2) purports to delete all secured parties of record and fails to provide the name of a new secured party of record.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-628 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-628
SECTION 36-9-628. Nonliability and limitation on liability of secured party; liability of secondary obligor.
Status: in_force

(a) Unless a secured party knows that a person is a debtor or obligor, knows the identity of the person, and knows how to communicate with the person: (1) the secured party is not liable to the person, or to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against the person, for failure to comply with this chapter; and (2) the secured party's failure to comply with this chapter does not affect the liability of the person for a deficiency. (b) A secured party is not liable because of its status as secured party: (1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows: (A) that the person is a debtor or obligor; (B) the identity of the person; and (C) how to communicate with the person; or (2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows: (A) that the person is a debtor; and (B) the identity of the person. (c) A secured party is not liable to any person, and a person's liability for a deficiency is not affected, because of any act or omission arising out of the secured party's reasonable belief that a transaction is not a consumer-goods transaction or a consumer transaction or that goods are not consumer goods, if the secured party's belief is based on its reasonable reliance on: (1) a debtor's representation concerning the purpose for which collateral was to be used, acquired, or held; or (2) an obligor's representation concerning the purpose for which a secured obligation was incurred. (d) A secured party is not liable to any person under Section 36-9-625(c)(2) for its failure to comply with Section 36-9-616. (e) A secured party is not liable under Section 36-9-625(c)(2) more than once with respect to any one secured obligation.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-5-111 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 5 / Section 36-5-111
SECTION 36-5-111. Remedies.
Status: in_force

(a) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its obligation to pay money under a letter of credit before presentation, the beneficiary, successor, or nominated person presenting on its own behalf may recover from the issuer the amount that is the subject of the dishonor or repudiation. If the issuer's obligation under the letter of credit is not for the payment of money, the claimant may obtain specific performance or, at the claimant's election, recover an amount equal to the value of performance from the issuer. In either case, the claimant may also recover incidental but not consequential damages. The claimant is not obligated to take action to avoid damages that might be due from the issuer under this subsection. If, although not obligated to do so, the claimant avoids damages, the claimant's recovery from the issuer must be reduced by the amount of damages avoided. The issuer has the burden of proving the amount of damages avoided. In the case of repudiation the claimant need not present any document. (b) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors a draft or demand presented under a letter of credit or honors a draft or demand in breach of its obligation to the applicant, the applicant may recover damages resulting from the breach, including incidental but not consequential damages, less any amount saved as a result of the breach. (c) If an adviser or nominated person other than a confirmer breaches an obligation under this chapter or an issuer breaches an obligation not covered in subsection (a) or (b), a person to whom the obligation is owed may recover damages resulting from the breach, including incidental but not consequential damages, less any amount saved as a result of the breach. To the extent of the confirmation, a confirmer has the liability of an issuer specified in this subsection and subsections (a) and (b). (d) An issuer, nominated person, or adviser who is found liable under subsection (a), (b), or (c) shall pay interest on the amount owed thereunder from the date of wrongful dishonor or other appropriate date. (e) Reasonable attorney's fees and other expenses of litigation must be awarded to the prevailing party in an action in which a remedy is sought under this chapter. (f) Damages that would otherwise be payable by a party for breach of an obligation under this chapter may be liquidated by agreement or undertaking, but only in an amount or by a formula that is reasonable in light of the harm anticipated.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-302 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-302
SECTION 36-1-302. Variation by agreement.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) or elsewhere in the Uniform Commercial Code, the effect of provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code may be varied by agreement. (b) The obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care prescribed by the Uniform Commercial Code may not be disclaimed by agreement. The parties, by agreement, may determine the standards by which the performance of those obligations is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable. Whenever the Uniform Commercial Code requires an action to be taken within a reasonable time, a time that is not manifestly unreasonable may be fixed by agreement. (c) The presence in certain provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code of the phrase "unless otherwise agreed", or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect of other provisions may not be varied by agreement under this section. OFFICIAL COMMENTS Source: Former Sections 1-102(3)-(4) and 1-204(1). Changes: This section combines the rules from subsections (3) and (4) of former Section 1-102 and subsection (1) of former Section 1-204. No substantive changes are made. 1. Subsection (a) states affirmatively at the outset that freedom of contract is a principle of the Uniform Commercial Code: "the effect" of its provisions may be varied by "agreement." The meaning of the statute itself must be found in its text, including its definitions, and in appropriate extrinsic aids; it cannot be varied by agreement. But the Uniform Commercial Code seeks to avoid the type of interference with evolutionary growth found in pre-Code cases such as Manhattan Co. v. Morgan, 242 N.Y. 38, 150 N.E. 594 (1926). Thus, private parties cannot make an instrument negotiable within the meaning of Article 3 except as provided in Section 3-104; nor can they change the meaning of such terms as "bona fide purchaser," "holder in due course," or "due negotiation," as used in the Uniform Commercial Code. But an agreement can change the legal consequences that would otherwise flow from the provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code. "Agreement" here includes the effect given to course of dealing, usage of trade and course of performance by Sections 1-201 and 1-303; the effect of an agreement on the rights of third parties is left to specific provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code and to supplementary principles applicable under Section 1-103. The rights of third parties under Section 9-317 when a security interest is unperfected, for example, cannot be destroyed by a clause in the security agreement. This principle of freedom of contract is subject to specific exceptions found elsewhere in the Uniform Commercial Code and to the general exception stated here. The specific exceptions vary in explicitness: the statute of frauds found in Section 2-201, for example, does not explicitly preclude oral waiver of the requirement of a writing, but a fair reading denies enforcement to such a waiver as part of the "contract" made unenforceable; Section 9-602, on the other hand, is a quite explicit limitation on freedom of contract. Under the exception for "the obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness and care prescribed by [the Uniform Commercial Code]," provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code prescribing such obligations are not to be disclaimed. However, the section also recognizes the prevailing practice of having agreements set forth standards by which due diligence is measured and explicitly provides that, in the absence of a showing that the standards manifestly are unreasonable, the agreement controls. In this connection, Section 1-303 incorporating into the agreement prior course of dealing and usages of trade is of particular importance. Subsection (b) also recognizes that nothing is stronger evidence of a reasonable time than the fixing of such time by a fair agreement between the parties. However, provision is made for disregarding a clause which whether by inadvertence or overreaching fixes a time so unreasonable that it amounts to eliminating all remedy under the contract. The parties are not required to fix the most reasonable time but may fix any time which is not obviously unfair as judged by the time of contracting. 2. An agreement that varies the effect of provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code may do so by stating the rules that will govern in lieu of the provisions varied. Alternatively, the parties may vary the effect of such provisions by stating that their relationship will be governed by recognized bodies of rules or principles applicable to commercial transactions. Such bodies of rules or principles may include, for example, those that are promulgated by intergovernmental authorities such as UNCITRAL or Unidroit (see, e.g., Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts), or non-legal codes such as trade codes. 3. Subsection (c) is intended to make it clear that, as a matter of drafting, phrases such as "unless otherwise agreed" have been used to avoid controversy as to whether the subject matter of a particular section does or does not fall within the exceptions to subsection (b), but absence of such words contains no negative implication since under subsection (b) the general and residual rule is that the effect of all provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code may be varied by agreement. Editor's Note "This act," referred to in this section, means Act No. 1065 of the 1966 Acts and Joint Resolutions, originally codified as Titles 10.1 to 10.10 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1962, and now codified as Title 36 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976. 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-4-214 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 4 / Section 36-4-214
SECTION 36-4-214. Right of charge-back or refund; liability of collecting bank; return of item.
Status: in_force

(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer's account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final. (b) A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions. (c) A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer's account or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (Section 36-4-301). (d) The right to charge back is not affected by: (1) previous use of a credit given for the item; or (2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable. (e) A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party. (f) If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge-back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-303 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-303
SECTION 36-7-303. Diversion; reconsignment; change of instructions.
Status: in_force

(a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from: (1) the holder of a negotiable bill; (2) the consignor on a nonnegotiable bill, even if the consignee has given contrary instructions; (3) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill in the absence of contrary instructions from the consignor, if the goods have arrived at the billed destination or if the consignee is in possession of the tangible bill or in control of the electronic bill; or (4) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill, if the consignee is entitled as against the consignor to dispose of the goods. (b) Unless instructions described in subsection (a) are included in a negotiable bill of lading, a person to which the bill is duly negotiated may hold the bailee according to the original terms. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-303. Changes: To accommodate electronic documents and for style. Purposes: 1. Diversion is a very common commercial practice which defeats delivery to the consignee originally named in a bill of lading. This section continues former Section 7-303's safe harbor rules for carriers in situations involving diversion and adapts those rules to electronic documents of title. This section works compatibly with Section 2-705. Carriers may as a business matter be willing to accept instructions from consignees in which case the carrier will be liable for misdelivery if the consignee was not the owner or otherwise empowered to dispose of the goods under subsection (a)(4). The section imposes no duty on carriers to undertake diversion. The carrier is of course subject to the provisions of mandatory filed tariffs as provided in Section 7-103. 2. It should be noted that the section provides only an immunity for carriers against liability for "misdelivery." It does not, for example, defeat the title to the goods which the consignee-buyer may have acquired from the consignor-seller upon delivery of the goods to the carrier under a non-negotiable bill of lading. Thus if the carrier, upon instructions from the consignor, returns the goods to the consignor, the consignee may recover the goods from the consignor or the consignor's insolvent estate. However, under certain circumstances, the consignee's title may be defeated by diversion of the goods in transit to a different consignee. The rights that arise between the consignor-seller and the consignee-buyer out of a contract for the sale of goods are governed by Article 2. Cross References: Point 1: Sections 2-705 and 7-103. Point 2: Article 2, Sections 7-403 and 7-504(3). Definitional Cross References: "Bailee". Section 7-102. "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Carrier". Section 7-102. "Consignee". Section 7-102. "Consignor". Section 7-102. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Holder". Section 1-201. "Notice". Section 1-202. "Person". Section 1-201. "Purchaser". Section 1-201. "Term". Section 1-201. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-301 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-301
SECTION 36-3-301. Person entitled to enforce instrument.
Status: in_force

"Person entitled to enforce" an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to Section 36-3-309 or 36-3-418(d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-307 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-307
SECTION 36-7-307. Lien of carrier.
Status: in_force

(a) A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds thereof in its possession for charges after the date of the carrier's receipt of the goods for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, and for expenses necessary for preservation of the goods incident to their transportation or reasonably incurred in their sale pursuant to law. However, against a purchaser for value of a negotiable bill of lading, a carrier's lien is limited to charges stated in the bill or the applicable tariffs or, if no charges are stated, then to a reasonable charge. (b) A lien for charges and expenses under subsection (a) on goods that the carrier was required by law to receive for transportation is effective against the consignor or any person entitled to the goods unless the carrier had notice that the consignor lacked authority to subject the goods to those charges and expenses. Any other lien under subsection (a) is effective against the consignor and any person that permitted the bailor to have control or possession of the goods unless the carrier had notice that the bailor lacked authority. (c) A carrier loses its lien on any goods that it voluntarily delivers or unjustifiably refuses to deliver. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-307. Changes: Expanded to cover proceeds of the goods transported. Purposes: 1. The section is intended to give carriers a specific statutory lien for charges and expenses similar to that given to warehouses by the first sentence of Section 7-209(a) and extends that lien to the proceeds of the goods as long as the carrier has possession of the proceeds. But because carriers do not commonly claim a lien for charges in relation to other goods or lend money on the security of goods in their hands, provisions for a general lien or a security interest similar to those in Section 7-209(a) and (b) are omitted. Carriers may utilize Article 9 to obtain a security interest and become a secured party or a carrier may agree to limit its lien rights in a transportation agreement with the shipper. As the lien given by this section is specific, and the storage or transportation often preserves or increases the value of the goods, subsection (b) validates the lien against anyone who permitted the bailor to have possession of the goods. Where the carrier is required to receive the goods for transportation, the owner's interest may be subjected to charges and expenses arising out of deposit of his goods by a thief. The crucial mental element is the carrier's knowledge or reason to know of the bailor's lack of authority. If the carrier does not know or have reason to know of the bailor's lack of authority, the carrier has a lien under this section against any person so long as the conditions of subsection (b) are satisfied. In light of the crucial mental element, Sections 7-307 and 9-333 combine to give priority to a carrier's lien over security interests in the goods. In this regard, the judicial decision in In re Sharon Steel Corp., 25 U.C.C. Rep.2d 503, 176 B.R. 384 (W.D. Pa. 1995) is correct and is the controlling precedent. 2. The reference to charges in this section means charges relating to the bailment relationship for transportation. Charges does not mean that the bill of lading must state a specific rate or a specific amount. However, failure to state a specific rate or a specific amount has legal consequences under the second sentence of subsection (a). 3. The carrier's specific lien under this section is a possessory lien. See subsection (c). Part 3 of Article 7 does not require any particular form for a bill of lading. The carrier's lien arises when the carrier has issued a bill of lading. Cross References: Point 1: Sections 7-209, 9-109 and 9-333. Point 3. Section 7-202 and 7-209. Definitional Cross References: "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Carrier". Section 7-102. "Consignor". Section 7-102. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Person". Section 1-201. "Purchaser". Section 1-201. "Value". Section 1-204. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-202 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-202
SECTION 36-3-202. Negotiation subject to rescission.
Status: in_force

(a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (i) from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers, or a person without capacity, (ii) by fraud, duress, or mistake, or (iii) in breach of duty or as part of an illegal transaction. (b) To the extent permitted by other law, negotiation may be rescinded or may be subject to other remedies, but those remedies may not be asserted against a subsequent holder in due course or a person paying the instrument in good faith and without knowledge of facts that are a basis for rescission or other remedy.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-102 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-102
SECTION 36-3-102. Subject matter.
Status: in_force

(a) This chapter applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders governed by Chapter 4A, or to securities governed by Chapter 8. (b) If there is conflict between this chapter and Chapter 4 or 9, Chapters 4 and 9 govern. (c) Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this chapter to the extent of the inconsistency.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-8-511 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 8 / Section 36-8-511
SECTION 36-8-511. Priority among security interests and entitlement holders.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), if a securities intermediary does not have sufficient interests in a particular financial asset to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders who have security entitlements to that financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of the securities intermediary who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claims of entitlement holders, other than the creditor, have priority over the claim of the creditor. (b) A claim of a creditor of a securities intermediary who has a security interest in a financial asset held by a securities intermediary has priority over claims of the securities intermediary's entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to that financial asset if the creditor has control over the financial asset. (c) If a clearing corporation does not have sufficient financial assets to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to a financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of the clearing corporation who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claim of the creditor has priority over the claims of entitlement holders."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-310 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-310
SECTION 36-9-310. When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and Section 36-9-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens. (b) The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest: (1) that is perfected under Section 36-9-308(d), (e), (f), or (g); (2) that is perfected under Section 36-9-309 when it attaches; (3) in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in Section 36-9-311(a); (4) in goods in possession of a bailee which is perfected under Section 36-9-312(d)(1) or (2); (5) in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments which are perfected without filing, control, or possession under Section 36-9-312(e), (f), or (g); (6) in collateral in the secured party's possession under Section 36-9-313; (7) in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under Section 36-9-313; (8) in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under Section 36-9-314; (9) in proceeds which is perfected under Section 36-9-315; or (10) that is perfected under Section 36-9-316. (c) If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this article is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date." Effect of Amendment 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 39, in subsection (b)(5), substituted "which are perfected without filing, control," for "which is perfected without filing"; and in subsection (b)(8), inserted "electronic documents".
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-507 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-507
SECTION 36-9-507. Effect of certain events on effectiveness of financing statement.
Status: in_force

(a) A filed financing statement remains effective with respect to collateral that is sold, exchanged, leased, licensed, or otherwise disposed of and in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues, even if the secured party knows of or consents to the disposition. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and Section 36-9-508, a financing statement is not rendered ineffective if, after the financing statement is filed, the information provided in the financing statement becomes seriously misleading under Section 36-9-506. (c) If the name that a filed financing statement provides for a debtor becomes insufficient as the name of the debtor pursuant to Section 36-9-503(a) so that the financing statement becomes seriously misleading pursuant to Section 36-9-506: (1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor before, or within four months after, the filed financing statement becomes seriously misleading; and (2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor more than four months after the filed financing statement becomes seriously misleading, unless an amendment to the financing statement which renders the financing statement not seriously misleading is filed within four months after the financing statement became seriously misleading. Effect of Amendment The 2013 amendment rewrote subsection (c).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-319 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-319
SECTION 36-9-319. Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to have rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer. (b) For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this article determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee's possession if, under this part, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-4-106 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 4 / Section 36-4-106
SECTION 36-4-106. Payable through or payable at bank; collecting bank.
Status: in_force

(a) If an item states that it is "payable through" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank. (b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank. (c) If a draft names a nonbank drawee and it is unclear whether a bank named in the draft is a co-drawee or a collecting bank, the bank is a collecting bank.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-302 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-302
SECTION 36-3-302. Holder in due course.
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to Subsection (c) and Section 36-3-106(d), "holder in due course" means the holder of an instrument if: (1) the instrument when issued or negotiated to the holder does not bear such apparent evidence of forgery or alteration or is not otherwise so irregular or incomplete as to call into question its authenticity; and (2) the holder took the instrument (i) for value, (ii) in good faith, (iii) without notice that the instrument is overdue or has been dishonored or that there is an uncured default with respect to payment of another instrument issued as part of the same series, (iv) without notice that the instrument contains an unauthorized signature or has been altered, (v) without notice of any claim to the instrument described in Section 36-3-306, and (vi) without notice that any party has a defense or claim in recoupment described in Section 36-3-305(a). (b) Notice of discharge of a party, other than discharge in an insolvency proceeding, is not notice of a defense under subsection (a), but discharge is effective against a person who became a holder in due course with notice of the discharge. Public filing or recording of a document does not of itself constitute notice of a defense, claim in recoupment, or claim to the instrument. (c) Except to the extent a transferor or predecessor in interest has rights as a holder in due course, a person does not acquire rights of a holder in due course of an instrument taken (i) by legal process or by purchase in an execution, bankruptcy, or creditor's sale or similar proceeding, (ii) by purchase as part of a bulk transaction not in ordinary course of business of the transferor, or (iii) as the successor in interest to an estate or other organization. (d) If, under Section 36-3-303(a)(1), the promise of performance that is the consideration for an instrument has been partially performed, the holder may assert rights as a holder in due course of the instrument only to the fraction of the amount payable under the instrument equal to the value of the partial performance divided by the value of the promised performance. (e) If (i) the person entitled to enforce an instrument has only a security interest in the instrument and (ii) the person obliged to pay the instrument has a defense, claim in recoupment, or claim to the instrument that may be asserted against the person who granted the security interest, the person entitled to enforce the instrument may assert rights as a holder in due course only to an amount payable under the instrument which, at the time of enforcement of the instrument, does not exceed the amount of the unpaid obligation secured. (f) To be effective, notice must be received at a time and in a manner that gives a reasonable opportunity to act on it. (g) This section is subject to any law limiting status as a holder in due course in particular classes of transactions.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-10-103 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 10 / Section 36-10-103
SECTION 36-10-103. General repealer.
Status: repealed

All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with 1988 Act No. 494 are repealed. Editor's Note "This act," referred to in this section, means Act No. 1065 of the 1966 Acts and Joint Resolutions, originally codified as Titles 10.1 to 10.10 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1962, and now codified as Title 36 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-303 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-303
SECTION 36-1-303. Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade.
Status: in_force

(a) A "course of performance" is a sequence of conduct between the parties to a particular transaction that exists if: (1) the agreement of the parties with respect to the transaction involves repeated occasions for performance by a party; and (2) the other party, with knowledge of the nature of the performance and opportunity for objection to it, accepts the performance or acquiesces in it without objection. (b) A "course of dealing" is a sequence of conduct concerning previous transactions between the parties to a particular transaction that is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding for interpreting their expressions and other conduct. (c) A "usage of trade" is any practice or method of dealing having such regularity of observance in a place, vocation, or trade as to justify an expectation that it will be observed with respect to the transaction in question. The existence and scope of such a usage must be proved as facts. If it is established that such a usage is embodied in a trade code or similar record, the interpretation of the record is a question of law. (d) A course of performance or course of dealing between the parties or usage of trade in the vocation or trade in which they are engaged or of which they are or should be aware is relevant in ascertaining the meaning of the parties' agreement, may give particular meaning to specific terms of the agreement, and may supplement or qualify the terms of the agreement. A usage of trade applicable in the place in which part of the performance under the agreement is to occur may be so utilized as to that part of the performance. (e) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), the express terms of an agreement and any applicable course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade must be construed whenever reasonable as consistent with each other. If such a construction is unreasonable: (1) express terms prevail over course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade; (2) course of performance prevails over course of dealing and usage of trade; and (3) course of dealing prevails over usage of trade. (f) Subject to Section 36-2-209, a course of performance is relevant to show a waive or modification of any term inconsistent with the course of performance. (g) Evidence of a relevant usage of trade offered by one party is not admissible unless that party has given the other party notice that the court finds sufficient to prevent unfair surprise to the other party. OFFICIAL COMMENTS Source: Former Sections 1-205, 2-208, and Section 2A-207. Changes from former law: This section integrates the "course of performance" concept from Articles 2 and 2A into the principles of former Section 1-205, which deals with course of dealing and usage of trade. In so doing, the section slightly modifies the articulation of the course of performance rules to fit more comfortably with the approach and structure of former Section 1-205. There are also slight modifications to be more consistent with the definition of "agreement" in former Section 1-201(3). It should be noted that a course of performance that might otherwise establish a defense to the obligation of a party to a negotiable instrument is not available as a defense against a holder in due course who took the instrument without notice of that course of performance. 1. The Uniform Commercial Code rejects both the "lay-dictionary" and the "conveyancer's" reading of a commercial agreement. Instead the meaning of the agreement of the parties is to be determined by the language used by them and by their action, read and interpreted in the light of commercial practices and other surrounding circumstances. The measure and background for interpretation are set by the commercial context, which may explain and supplement even the language of a formal or final writing. 2. "Course of dealing," as defined in subsection (b), is restricted, literally, to a sequence of conduct between the parties previous to the agreement. A sequence of conduct after or under the agreement, however, is a "course of performance." "Course of dealing" may enter the agreement either by explicit provisions of the agreement or by tacit recognition. 3. The Uniform Commercial Code deals with "usage of trade" as a factor in reaching the commercial meaning of the agreement that the parties have made. The language used is to be interpreted as meaning what it may fairly be expected to mean to parties involved in the particular commercial transaction in a given locality or in a given vocation or trade. By adopting in this context the term "usage of trade," the Uniform Commercial Code expresses its intent to reject those cases which see evidence of "custom" as representing an effort to displace or negate "established rules of law." A distinction is to be drawn between mandatory rules of law such as the Statute of Frauds provisions of Article 2 on Sales whose very office is to control and restrict the actions of the parties, and which cannot be abrogated by agreement, or by a usage of trade, and those rules of law (such as those in Part 3 of Article 2 on Sales) which fill in points which the parties have not considered and in fact agreed upon. The latter rules hold "unless otherwise agreed" but yield to the contrary agreement of the parties. Part of the agreement of the parties to which such rules yield is to be sought for in the usages of trade which furnish the background and give particular meaning to the language used, and are the framework of common understanding controlling any general rules of law which hold only when there is no such understanding. 4. A usage of trade under subsection (c) must have the "regularity of observance" specified. The ancient English tests for "custom" are abandoned in this connection. Therefore, it is not required that a usage of trade be "ancient or immemorial," "universal," or the like. Under the requirement of subsection (c) full recognition is thus available for new usages and for usages currently observed by the great majority of decent dealers, even though dissidents ready to cut corners do not agree. There is room also for proper recognition of usage agreed upon by merchants in trade codes. 5. The policies of the Uniform Commercial Code controlling explicit unconscionable contracts and clauses (Sections 1-304, 2-302) apply to implicit clauses that rest on usage of trade and carry forward the policy underlying the ancient requirement that a custom or usage must be "reasonable." However, the emphasis is shifted. The very fact of commercial acceptance makes out a prima facie case that the usage is reasonable, and the burden is no longer on the usage to establish itself as being reasonable. But the anciently established policing of usage by the courts is continued to the extent necessary to cope with the situation arising if an unconscionable or dishonest practice should become standard. 6. Subsection (d), giving the prescribed effect to usages of which the parties "are or should be aware," reinforces the provision of subsection (c) requiring not universality but only the described "regularity of observance" of the practice or method. This subsection also reinforces the point of subsection (c) that such usages may be either general to trade or particular to a special branch of trade. 7. Although the definition of "agreement" in Section 1-201 includes the elements of course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade, the fact that express reference is made in some sections to those elements is not to be construed as carrying a contrary intent or implication elsewhere. Compare Section 1-302(c). 8. In cases of a well established line of usage varying from the general rules of the Uniform Commercial Code where the precise amount of the variation has not been worked out into a single standard, the party relying on the usage is entitled, in any event, to the minimum variation demonstrated. The whole is not to be disregarded because no particular line of detail has been established. In case a dominant pattern has been fairly evidenced, the party relying on the usage is entitled under this section to go to the trier of fact on the question of whether such dominant pattern has been incorporated into the agreement. 9. Subsection (g) is intended to insure that this Act's liberal recognition of the needs of commerce in regard to usage of trade shall not be made into an instrument of abuse. SOUTH CAROLINA REPORTER'S COMMENTS (FORMER SECTION 36-2-208) Section 2-208(1) states a rule of construction of sales contracts which would be in accord with the principle expressed in Carter v American Fruit Growers, Inc., 130 SC 280, 125 SE 641 (1924) that course of dealings and prior dealings between the parties, not objected to, are relevant to show the intent of the parties. (See Commercial Code Section 2-202(a) on the admissibility of such evidence.). Section 2-208(2) is similar to Commercial Code Section 1-205(4) and such South Carolina cases as Fairly v Wappoo Mills, 44 SC 227, 22 SE 108 (1894) and Autrey v Bell, 114 SC 370, 103 SE 749 (1920), which subordinate course of dealing and usage of trade to inconsistent express terms of the agreement. Section 2-208(3) permitting a waiver of terms inconsistent with course of performance is consistent with the case law of South Carolina finding waiver of a contract right by conduct. Bond Bros. Cash & Delivery Grocery, Inc. v Claussen's Bakeries, Inc., 184 SC 95, 191 SE 717 (1937); Franklin Sugar Refining Co. v Merchants Grocery Co., 133 SC 274, 130 SE 886 (1925) (failure to object to breach); L. D. Powell Co. v Levy, 136 SC 387, 134 SE 415 (1926); Southern Coal Co. v Rice, 122 SC 484, 115 SE 815 (1927) (failure to give notice of breach of warranty). SOUTH CAROLINA REPORTER'S COMMENTS (FORMER SECTION 36-2A-207) This section makes no change in existing South Carolina law. See Sections 36-2-208 and 36-1-205(4) and their South Carolina Reporter's Comments. These statutory analogues are also generally consistent with pre-UCC South Carolina common law. See, e.g., Coates & Sons v. Early, 46 S.C. 220, 24 S.E. 305 (1896); Kentucky Wagon Mfg. Co. v. People's Supply Co., 77 S.C. 92, 57 S.E. 676 (1905); Autrey v. Bell, 114 S.C. 370, 103 S.E. 749 (1920). On the relevance of course of dealings between the parties, see Carter v. American Fruit Growers, Inc., 130 S.C. 280, 125 S.E. 641 (1924). Course of dealing and usage of trade are subordinate to the unambiguous express terms of the agreement. Fairly v. Wappoo Mills, 44 S.C. 227, 22 S.E. 108 (1894). Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-101 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-101
SECTION 36-2-101. Short title.
Status: in_force

This Chapter shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Sales.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-504 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-504
SECTION 36-7-504. Rights acquired in the absence of due negotiation; effect of diversion; seller's stoppage of delivery.
Status: in_force

(a) A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that its transferor had or had actual authority to convey. (b) In the case of a transfer of a nonnegotiable document of title, until but not after the bailee receives notice of the transfer, the rights of the transferee may be defeated: (1) by those creditors of the transferor which could treat the transfer as void under Section 36-2-402 or Section 36-2A-308; (2) by a buyer from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the buyer or received notification of the buyer's rights; (3) by a lessee from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the lessee or received notification of the lessee's rights; or (4) as against the bailee, by good faith dealings of the bailee with the transferor. (c) A diversion or other change of shipping instructions by the consignor in a nonnegotiable bill of lading that causes the bailee not to deliver to the consignee defeats the consignee's title to the goods if the goods have been delivered to a buyer in ordinary course of business or lessee in ordinary course of business and, in any event, defeats the consignee's rights against the bailee. (d) Delivery of the goods pursuant to a nonnegotiable document may be stopped by a seller under Section 36-2-705 or a lessor under Section 36-2A-526, subject to the requirements of due notification in those sections. A bailee honoring the seller's or lessor's instructions is entitled to be indemnified by the seller or lessor against any resulting loss or expense. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-504. Changes: To include cross-references to Article 2A and for style. Purposes: 1. Under the general principles controlling negotiable documents, it is clear that in the absence of due negotiation a transferor cannot convey greater rights than the transferor has, even when the negotiation is formally perfect. This section recognizes the transferor's power to transfer rights which the transferor has or has "actual authority to convey." Thus, where a negotiable document of title is being transferred the operation of the principle of estoppel is not recognized, as contrasted with situations involving the transfer of the goods themselves. (Compare Section 2-403 on good faith purchase of goods.) This section applies to both tangible and electronic documents of title. A necessary part of the price for the protection of regular dealings with negotiable documents of title is an insistence that no dealing which is in any way irregular shall be recognized as a good faith purchase of the document or of any rights pertaining to it. So, where the transfer of a negotiable document fails as a negotiation because a requisite indorsement is forged or otherwise missing, the purchaser in good faith and for value may be in the anomalous position of having less rights, in part, than if the purchaser had purchased the goods themselves. True, the purchaser's rights are not subject to defeat by attachment of the goods or surrender of them to the purchaser's transferor (contrast subsection (b)); but on the other hand, the purchaser cannot acquire enforceable rights to control or receive the goods over the bailee's objection merely by giving notice to the bailee. Similarly, a consignee who makes payment to its consignor against a straight bill of lading can thereby acquire the position of a good faith purchaser of goods under provisions of the Article of this Act on Sales (Section 2-403), whereas the same payment made in good faith against an unendorsed order bill would not have such effect. The appropriate remedy of a purchaser in such a situation is to regularize its status by compelling indorsement of the document (see Section 7-506). 2. As in the case of transfer—as opposed to "due negotiation"—of negotiable documents, subsection (a) empowers the transferor of a nonnegotiable document to transfer only such rights as the transferor has or has "actual authority" to convey. In contrast to situations involving the goods themselves the operation of estoppel or agency principles is not here recognized to enable the transferor to convey greater rights than the transferor actually has. Subsection (b) makes it clear, however, that the transferee of a nonnegotiable document may acquire rights greater in some respects than those of his transferor by giving notice of the transfer to the bailee. New subsection (b)(3) provides for the rights of a lessee in the ordinary course. Subsection (b)(2) & (3) require delivery of the goods. Delivery of the goods means the voluntary transfer of physical possession of the goods. See amended 2-103. 3. Subsection (c) is in part a reiteration of the carrier's immunity from liability if it honors instructions of the consignor to divert, but there is added a provision protecting the title of the substituted consignee if the latter is a buyer in ordinary course of business. A typical situation would be where a manufacturer, having shipped a lot of standardized goods to A on nonnegotiable bill of lading, diverts the goods to customer B who pays for them. Under pre-Code passage-of-title-by-appropriation doctrine A might reclaim the goods from B. However, no consideration of commercial policy supports this involvement of an innocent third party in the default of the manufacturer on his contract to A; and the common commercial practice of diverting goods in transit suggests a trade understanding in accordance with this subsection. The same result should obtain if the substituted consignee is a lessee in ordinary course. The extent of the lessee's interest in the goods is less than a buyer's interest in the goods. However, as against the first consignee and the lessee in ordinary course as the substituted consignee, the lessee's rights in the goods as granted under the lease are superior to the first consignee's rights. 4. Subsection (d) gives the carrier an express right to indemnity where the carrier honors a seller's request to stop delivery. 5. Section 1-202 gives the bailee protection, if due diligence is exercised where the bailee's organization has not had time to act on a notification. Cross References: Point 1: Sections 2-403 and 7-506. Point 2: Sections 2-403 and 2A-304. Point 3: Sections 7-303, 7-403(a)(5) and 7-404. Point 4: Sections 2-705 and 7-403(a)(4). Point 5: Section 1-202. Definitional Cross References: "Bailee". Section 7-102. "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Buyer in ordinary course of business". Section 1-201. "Consignee". Section 7-102. "Consignor". Section 7-102. "Creditor". Section 1-201. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Document of Title". Section 1-201. "Duly negotiate". Section 7-501. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102]. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Honor". Section 1-201. "Lessee in ordinary course". Section 2A-103. "Notification" Section 1-202. "Purchaser". Section 1-201. "Rights". Section 1-201. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-511 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-511
SECTION 36-9-511. Secured party of record.
Status: in_force

(a) A secured party of record with respect to a financing statement is a person whose name is provided as the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party in an initial financing statement that has been filed. If an initial financing statement is filed under Section 36-9-514(a), the assignee named in the initial financing statement is the secured party of record with respect to the financing statement. (b) If an amendment of a financing statement which provides the name of a person as a secured party or a representative of a secured party is filed, the person named in the amendment is a secured party of record. If an amendment is filed under Section 36-9-514(b), the assignee named in the amendment is a secured party of record. (c) A person remains a secured party of record until the filing of an amendment of the financing statement which deletes the person.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-712 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-712
SECTION 36-2-712. "Cover"; buyer's procurement of substitute goods.
Status: in_force

(1) After a breach within the preceding section (SECTION 36-2-711) the buyer may "cover" by making in good faith and without unreasonable delay any reasonable purchase of or contract to purchase goods in substitution for those due from the seller. (2) The buyer may recover from the seller as damages the difference between the cost of cover and the contract price together with any incidental or consequential damages as hereinafter defined (SECTION 36-2-715), but less expenses saved in consequence of the seller's breach. (3) Failure of the buyer to effect cover within this section does not bar him from any other remedy.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-310 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-310
SECTION 36-1-310. Subordinated obligations.
Status: in_force

An obligation may be issued as subordinated to performance of another obligation of the person obligated, or a creditor may subordinate its right to performance of an obligation by agreement with either the person obligated or another creditor of the person obligated. Subordination does not create a security interest as against either the common debtor or a subordinated creditor. OFFICIAL COMMENTS Source: Former Section 1-209. Changes from former law: This section is substantively identical to former Section 1-209. The language in that section stating that it "shall be construed as declaring the law as it existed prior to the enactment of this section and not as modifying it" has been deleted. 1. Billions of dollars of subordinated debt are held by the public and by institutional investors. Commonly, the subordinated debt is subordinated on issue or acquisition and is evidenced by an investment security or by a negotiable or non-negotiable note. Debt is also sometimes subordinated after it arises, either by agreement between the subordinating creditor and the debtor, by agreement between two creditors of the same debtor, or by agreement of all three parties. The subordinated creditor may be a stockholder or other "insider" interested in the common debtor; the subordinated debt may consist of accounts or other rights to payment not evidenced by any instrument. All such cases are included in the terms "subordinated obligation," "subordination," and "subordinated creditor." 2. Subordination agreements are enforceable between the parties as contracts; and in the bankruptcy of the common debtor dividends otherwise payable to the subordinated creditor are turned over to the superior creditor. This "turn-over" practice has on occasion been explained in terms of "equitable lien," "equitable assignment," or "constructive trust," but whatever the label the practice is essentially an equitable remedy and does not mean that there is a transaction "that creates a security interest in personal property ... by contract" or a "sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes" within the meaning of Section 9-109. On the other hand, nothing in this section prevents one creditor from assigning his rights to another creditor of the same debtor in such a way as to create a security interest within Article 9, where the parties so intend. 3. The enforcement of subordination agreements is largely left to supplementary principles under Section 1-103. If the subordinated debt is evidenced by a certificated security, Section 8-202(a) authorizes enforcement against purchasers on terms stated or referred to on the security certificate. If the fact of subordination is noted on a negotiable instrument, a holder under Sections 3-302 and 3-306 is subject to the term because notice precludes him from taking free of the subordination. Sections 3-302(3)(a), 3-306, and 8-317 severely limit the rights of levying creditors of a subordinated creditor in such cases. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-608 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-608
SECTION 36-2-608. Revocation of acceptance in whole or in part.
Status: in_force

(1) The buyer may revoke his acceptance of a lot or commercial unit whose nonconformity substantially impairs its value to him if he has accepted it (a) on the reasonable assumption that its nonconformity would be cured and it has not been seasonably cured; or (b) without discovery of such nonconformity if his acceptance was reasonably induced either by the difficulty of discovery before acceptance or by the seller's assurances. (2) Revocation of acceptance must occur within a reasonable time after the buyer discovers or should have discovered the ground for it and before any substantial change in condition of the goods which is not caused by their own defects. It is not effective until the buyer notifies the seller of it. (3) A buyer who so revokes has the same rights and duties with regard to the goods involved as if he had rejected them.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-8-306 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 8 / Section 36-8-306
SECTION 36-8-306. Effect of guaranteeing signature, indorsement, or instruction.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who guarantees a signature of an indorser of a security certificate warrants that at the time of signing: (1) the signature was genuine; (2) the signer was an appropriate person to indorse, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign. (b) A person who guarantees a signature of the originator of an instruction warrants that at the time of signing: (1) the signature was genuine; (2) the signer was an appropriate person to originate the instruction, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person, if the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner was, in fact, the registered owner, as to which fact the signature guarantor does not make a warranty; and (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign. (c) A person who specially guarantees the signature of an originator of an instruction makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (b) and also warrants that at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer: (1) the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner of the uncertificated security will be the registered owner; and (2) the transfer of the uncertificated security requested in the instruction will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction. (d) A guarantor under subsections (a) and (b) or a special guarantor under subsection (c) does not otherwise warrant the rightfulness of the transfer. (e) A person who guarantees an indorsement of a security certificate makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (a) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects. (f) A person who guarantees an instruction requesting the transfer of an uncertificated security makes the warranties of a special signature guarantor under subsection (c) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects. (g) An issuer may not require a special guaranty of signature, a guaranty of indorsement, or a guaranty of instruction as a condition to registration of transfer. (h) The warranties under this section are made to a person taking or dealing with the security in reliance on the guaranty, and the guarantor is liable to the person for loss resulting from their breach. An indorser or originator of an instruction whose signature, indorsement, or instruction has been guaranteed is liable to a guarantor for any loss suffered by the guarantor as a result of breach of the warranties of the guarantor.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-609 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-609
SECTION 36-2-609. Right to adequate assurance of performance.
Status: in_force

(1) A contract for sale imposes an obligation on each party that the other's expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired. When reasonable grounds for insecurity arise with respect to the performance of either party the other may in writing demand adequate assurance of due performance and until he receives such assurance may if commercially reasonable suspend any performance for which he has not already received the agreed return. (2) Between merchants the reasonableness of grounds for insecurity and the adequacy of any assurance offered shall be determined according to commercial standards. (3) Acceptance of any improper delivery or payment does not prejudice the aggrieved party's right to demand adequate assurance of future performance. (4) After receipt of a justified demand failure to provide within a reasonable time not exceeding thirty days such assurance of due performance as is adequate under the circumstances of the particular case is a repudiation of the contract.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-609 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-609
SECTION 36-9-609. Secured party's right to take possession after default.
Status: in_force

(a) After default, a secured party: (1) may take possession of the collateral; and (2) without removal, may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral on a debtor's premises under Section 36-9-610. (b) A secured party may proceed under subsection (a): (1) pursuant to judicial process; or (2) without judicial process, if it proceeds without breach of the peace. (c) If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party may require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which is reasonably convenient to both parties.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-502 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-502
SECTION 36-3-502. Dishonor.
Status: in_force

(a) Dishonor of a note is governed by the following rules: (1) If the note is payable on demand, the note is dishonored if presentment is duly made to the maker and the note is not paid on the day of presentment. (2) If the note is not payable on demand and is payable at or through a bank or the terms of the note require presentment, the note is dishonored if presentment is duly made and the note is not paid on the day it becomes payable or the day of presentment, whichever is later. (3) If the note is not payable on demand and Paragraph (2) does not apply, the note is dishonored if it is not paid on the day it becomes payable. (b) Dishonor of an unaccepted draft other than a documentary draft is governed by the following rules: (1) If a check is duly presented for payment to the payor bank otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter, the check is dishonored if the payor bank makes timely return of the check or sends timely notice of dishonor or nonpayment under Section 36-4-301 or 36-4-302, or becomes accountable for the amount of the check under Section 36-4-302. (2) If a draft is payable on demand and Paragraph (1) does not apply, the draft is dishonored if presentment for payment is duly made to the drawee and the draft is not paid on the day of presentment. (3) If a draft is payable on a date stated in the draft, the draft is dishonored if (i) presentment for payment is duly made to the drawee and payment is not made on the day the draft becomes payable or the day of presentment, whichever is later, or (ii) presentment for acceptance is duly made before the day the draft becomes payable and the draft is not accepted on the day of presentment. (4) If a draft is payable on elapse of a period of time after sight or acceptance, the draft is dishonored if presentment for acceptance is duly made and the draft is not accepted on the day of presentment. (c) Dishonor of an unaccepted documentary draft occurs according to the rules stated in Subsection (b)(2), (3), and (4), except that payment or acceptance may be delayed without dishonor until no later than the close of the third business day of the drawee following the day on which payment or acceptance is required by those paragraphs. (d) Dishonor of an accepted draft is governed by the following rules: (1) If the draft is payable on demand, the draft is dishonored if presentment for payment is duly made to the acceptor and the draft is not paid on the day of presentment. (2) If the draft is not payable on demand, the draft is dishonored if presentment for payment is duly made to the acceptor and payment is not made on the day it becomes payable or the day of presentment, whichever is later. (e) In any case in which presentment is otherwise required for dishonor under this section and presentment is excused under Section 36-3-504, dishonor occurs without presentment if the instrument is not duly accepted or paid. (f) If a draft is dishonored because timely acceptance of the draft was not made and the person entitled to demand acceptance consents to a late acceptance, from the time of acceptance the draft is treated as never having been dishonored.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-704 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-704
SECTION 36-9-704. Security interest unperfected before effective date.
Status: in_force

A security interest that is enforceable immediately before this act takes effect but which would be subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time: (1) remains an enforceable security interest for one year after this act takes effect; (2) remains enforceable thereafter if the security interest becomes enforceable under Section 36-9-203 when this act takes effect or within one year thereafter; and (3) becomes perfected: (A) without further action, when this act takes effect if the applicable requirements for perfection under this act are satisfied before or at that time; or (B) when the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-102 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-102
SECTION 36-7-102. Definitions and index of definitions.
Status: reserved

(a) In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Bailee" means the person who by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading or other document of title acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. (2) "Carrier" means a person who issues a bill of lading. (3) "Consignee" means the person named in a bill of lading to whom or to whose order the bill promises delivery. (4) "Consignor" means the person named in a bill of lading as the person from whom the goods have been received for shipment. (5) "Delivery order" means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouse, carrier or other person that in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. (6) "Document" means document of title as defined in the general definitions in Chapter 1 of this title. (7) "Reserved." (8) "Goods" means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract for storage or transportation. (9) "Issuer" means a bailee who issues a document of title or, in the case of an unaccepted delivery order, the person who orders the possessor of goods to deliver. The term includes a person for whom an agent or employee purports to act in issuing a document if the agent or employee has real or apparent authority to issue documents, even if the issuer did not receive any goods, the goods were misdescribed, or in any other respect the agent or employee violated the issuer's instructions. (10) "Person entitled under the document" means the holder, in the case of a negotiable document of title, or the person to whom delivery of the goods is to be made by the terms of, or pursuant to, instructions in a record under, a negotiable document of title. (11) "Reserved." (12) "Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to: (A) execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or (B) attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process. (13) "Shipper" means a person that enters into a contract of transportation with a carrier. (14) "Warehouseman" or "Warehouse" means a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. (b) Definitions in other chapters applying to this chapter and the sections in which they appear are: (1) "Contract for sale" Section 36-2-106; (2) "Lessee in the ordinary course of business" Section 36-2A-103; and (3) "Receipt of goods" Section 36-2-103. (c) In addition, Chapter 1 of this title contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this chapter. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-102. Changes: New definitions of "carrier," "good faith," "record," "sign," and "shipper." Other definitions revised to accommodate electronic mediums. Purposes: 1. "Bailee" is used in this Article as a blanket term to designate carriers, warehousemen and others who normally issue documents of title on the basis of goods which they have received. The definition does not, however, require actual possession of the goods. If a bailee acknowledges possession when it does not have possession, the bailee is bound by sections of this Article which declare the "bailee's" obligations. (See definition of "Issuer" in this section and Sections 7-203 and 7-301 on liability in case of non-receipt.) A "carrier" is one type of bailee and is defined as a person that issues a bill of lading. A "shipper" is a person who enters into the contract of transportation with the carrier. The definitions of "bailee," "consignee," "consignor," "goods", and "issuer", are unchanged in substance from prior law. "Document of title" is defined in Article 1, and may be in either tangible or electronic form. 2. The definition of warehouse receipt contained in the general definitions section of this Act (Section 1-201) does not require that the issuing warehouse be "lawfully engaged" in business or for profit. The warehouse's compliance with applicable state regulations such as the filing of a bond has no bearing on the substantive issues dealt with in this Article. Certainly the issuer's violations of law should not diminish its responsibility on documents the issuer has put in commercial circulation. But it is still essential that the business be storing goods "for hire" (Section 1-201 and this section). A person does not become a warehouse by storing its own goods. 3. When a delivery order has been accepted by the bailee it is for practical purposes indistinguishable from a warehouse receipt. Prior to such acceptance there is no basis for imposing obligations on the bailee other than the ordinary obligation of contract which the bailee may have assumed to the depositor of the goods. Delivery orders may be either electronic or tangible documents of title. See definition of "document of title" in Section 1-201. 4. The obligation of good faith imposed by this Article and by Article 1, Section 1-304 includes the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. 5. The definitions of "record" and "sign" are included to facilitate electronic mediums. See comment 9 to Section 9-102 discussing "record" and the comment to amended Section 2-103 discussing "sign." 6. "Person entitled under the document" is moved from former Section 7-403. 7. These definitions apply in this Article unless the context otherwise requires. The "context" is intended to refer to the context in which the defined term is used in the Uniform Commercial Code. The definition applies whenever the defined term is used unless the context in which the defined term is used in the statute indicates that the term was not used in its defined sense. See comment to Section 1-201. Cross References: Point 1: Sections 1-201, 7-203 and 7-301. Point 2: Sections 1-201 and 7-203. Point 3: Section 1-201. Point 4: Section 1-304. Point 5: Section 9-102 and 2-103. See general comment to document of title in Section 1-201. Definitional Cross References: "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Contract". Section 1-201. "Contract for sale". Section 2-106. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Document of title". Section 1-201. "Person". Section 1-201. "Purchase". Section 1-201. "Receipt of goods". Section 2-103. "Right". Section 1-201. "Warehouse receipt". Section 1-201. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-625 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-625
SECTION 36-9-625. Remedies for secured party's failure to comply with chapter.
Status: in_force

(a) If it is established that a secured party is not proceeding in accordance with this chapter, a court may order or restrain collection, enforcement, or disposition of collateral on appropriate terms and conditions. (b) Subject to subsections (c), (d), and (f), a person is liable for damages in the amount of any loss caused by a failure to comply with this chapter. Loss caused by a failure to comply may include loss resulting from the debtor's inability to obtain, or increased costs of, alternative financing. (c) Except as otherwise provided in Section 36-9-628: (1) a person that, at the time of the failure, was a debtor, was an obligor, or held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral may recover damages under subsection (b) for its loss; and (2) if the collateral is consumer goods, a person that was a debtor or a secondary obligor at the time a secured party failed to comply with this part may recover for that failure in any event an amount not less than the credit service charge plus ten percent of the principal amount of the obligation or the time-price differential plus ten percent of the cash price. (d) A debtor whose deficiency is eliminated under Section 36-9-626 may recover damages for the loss of any surplus. However, a debtor or secondary obligor whose deficiency is eliminated or reduced under Section 36-9-626 may not otherwise recover under subsection (b) for noncompliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance. (e) In addition to any damages recoverable under subsection (b), the debtor, consumer obligor, or person named as a debtor in a filed record, as applicable, may recover five hundred dollars in each case from a person that: (1) fails to comply with Section 36-9-208; (2) fails to comply with Section 36-9-209; (3) files a record that the person is not entitled to file under Section 36-9-509(a); (4) fails to cause the secured party of record to file or send a termination statement as required by Section 36-9-513(a) or (c); (5) fails to comply with Section 36-9-616(b)(1) and whose failure is part of a pattern, or consistent with a practice, of noncompliance; or (6) fails to comply with Section 36-9-616(b)(2). (f) A debtor or consumer obligor may recover damages under subsection (b) and, in addition, five hundred dollars in each case from a person that, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a request under Section 36-9-210. A recipient of a request under Section 36-9-210 which never claimed an interest in the collateral or obligations that are the subject of a request under that section has a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the request within the meaning of this subsection. (g) If a secured party fails to comply with a request regarding a list of collateral or a statement of account under Section 36-9-210, the secured party may claim a security interest only as shown in the list or statement included in the request as against a person that is reasonably misled by the failure.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-1-102 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 1 / Section 36-1-102
SECTION 36-1-102. Scope of chapter.
Status: in_force

This chapter applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another chapter of this title, known as the Uniform Commercial Code. OFFICIAL COMMENTS Source: New. 1. This section is intended to resolve confusion that has occasionally arisen as to the applicability of the substantive rules in this article. This section makes clear what has always been the case-the rules in Article 1 apply to transactions to the extent that those transactions are governed by one of the other articles of the Uniform Commercial Code. See also Comment 1 to Section 1-301. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-524 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-524
SECTION 36-9-524. Delay by filing office.
Status: in_force

Delay by the filing office beyond a time limit prescribed by this part is excused if: (1) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond control of the filing office; and (2) the filing office exercises reasonable diligence under the circumstances.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-410 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-410
SECTION 36-9-410. Unlawful sale or disposal of personal property subject to security interest; exceptions; penalties.
Status: in_force

(A) Notwithstanding Section 36-9-401, a person who intentionally or wilfully sells or disposes of personal property that is subject to a perfected security interest, with the intent to defraud the secured party, without the written consent of the secured party and without paying the debt secured by the perfected security interest within ten days after sale or disposal or, in that time, depositing the amount of the debt with the clerk of the court of common pleas for the county in which the secured party resides, is in violation of this section. (B) This section does not apply: (1) if the sale is made without the knowledge of or notice of the perfected security interest to the purchaser by the person selling the property; (2) to the granting of subsequent security interests; (3) if the loan secured by the personal property includes a charge for nonfiling insurance; or (4) to personal property titled by the Department of Public Safety or the Law Enforcement Division of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. (C) If the value of the personal property subject to a perfected security interest is worth: (1) two thousand dollars or less, a person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor triable in the magistrates court or the municipal court, notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 22-3-540, 22-3-545, 22-3-550, and 14-25-65, and, upon conviction, must be fined not more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both; (2) more than two thousand dollars but less than ten thousand dollars, a person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, must be fined in the discretion of the court or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; (3) ten thousand dollars or more, a person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, must be fined in the discretion of the court or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. Effect of Amendment The 2010 amendment in subsection (C) rewrote item (1), in item (2) substituted "two thousand" for "one thousand" and "ten thousand" for "five thousand", and in item (3) substituted "ten thousand" for "five thousand". Part 5 Filing Subpart 1 Filing Office; Contents and Effectiveness Of Financing Statement
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-614 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-614
SECTION 36-9-614. Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral: consumer-goods transaction.
Status: in_force

In a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply: (1) A notification of disposition must provide the following information: (A) the information specified in Section 36-9-613(1); (B) a description of any liability for a deficiency of the person to which the notification is sent; (C) a telephone number from which the amount that must be paid to the secured party to redeem the collateral under Section 36-9-623 is available; and (D) a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the disposition and the obligation secured is available. (2) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required. (3) The following form of notification, when completed, provides sufficient information: '[Name and address of secured party] [Date] NOTICE OF OUR PLAN TO SELL PROPERTY [Name and address of any obligor who is also a debtor] Subject: [Identification of Transaction] We have your [describe collateral], because you broke promises in our agreement. [For a public disposition:] We will sell [describe collateral] at public sale. A sale could include a lease or license. The sale will be held as follows: Date: Time: Place: You may attend the sale and bring bidders if you want. [For a private disposition:] We will sell [describe collateral] at private sale sometime after [date]. A sale could include a lease or license. The money that we get from the sale (after paying our costs) will reduce the amount you owe. If we get less money than you owe, you [will or will not, as applicable] still owe us the difference. If we get more money than you owe, you will get the extra money, unless we must pay it to someone else. You can get the property back at any time before we sell it by paying us the full amount you owe (not just the past due payments), including our expenses. To learn the exact amount you must pay, call us at [telephone number]. If you want us to explain to you in writing how we have figured the amount that you owe us, you may call us at [telephone number] [or write us at [secured party's address] and request a written explanation. [We will charge you $ for the explanation if we sent you another written explanation of the amount you owe us within the last six months.] If you need more information about the sale call us at [telephone number] [or write us at [secured party's address]. We are sending this notice to the following other people who have an interest in [describe collateral] or who owe money under your agreement: [Names of all other debtors and obligors, if any]' (4) A notification in the form of item (3) is sufficient, even if additional information appears at the end of the form. (5) A notification in the form of item (3) is sufficient, even if it includes errors in information not required by item (1), unless the error is misleading with respect to rights arising under this chapter. (6) If a notification under this section is not in the form of item (3), law other than this chapter determines the effect of including information not required by item (1).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-508 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-508
SECTION 36-9-508. Effectiveness of financing statement if new debtor becomes bound by security agreement.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a filed financing statement naming an original debtor is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights to the extent that the financing statement would have been effective had the original debtor acquired rights in the collateral. (b) If the difference between the name of the original debtor and that of the new debtor causes a filed financing statement that is effective under subsection (a) to be seriously misleading under Section 36-9-506: (1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor before, and within four months after, the new debtor becomes bound under Section 36-9-203(d); and (2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor more than four months after the new debtor becomes bound under Section 36-9-203(d) unless an initial financing statement providing the name of the new debtor is filed before the expiration of that time. (c) This section does not apply to collateral as to which a filed financing statement remains effective against the new debtor under Section 36-9-507(a).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-313 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-313
SECTION 36-9-313. When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a secured party may perfect a security interest in tangible negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper by taking possession of the collateral. A secured party may perfect a security interest in certificated securities by taking delivery of the certificated securities under Section 36-8-301. (b) With respect to goods covered by a certificate of title issued by this State, a secured party may perfect a security interest in the goods by taking possession of the goods only in the circumstances described in Section 36-9-316(d). (c) With respect to collateral other than certificated securities and goods covered by a document, a secured party takes possession of collateral in the possession of a person other than the debtor, the secured party, or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business, when: (1) the person in possession authenticates a record acknowledging that it holds possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or (2) the person takes possession of the collateral after having authenticated a record acknowledging that it will hold possession of collateral for the secured party's benefit. (d) If perfection of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by a secured party, perfection occurs no earlier than the time the secured party takes possession and continues only while the secured party retains possession. (e) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form is perfected by delivery when delivery of the certificated security occurs under Section 36-8-301 and remains perfected by delivery until the debtor obtains possession of the security certificate. (f) A person in possession of collateral is not required to acknowledge that it holds possession for a secured party's benefit. (g) If a person acknowledges that it holds possession for the secured party's benefit: (1) the acknowledgment is effective under subsection (c) or Section 36-8-301(a), even if the acknowledgment violates the rights of a debtor; and (2) unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this chapter otherwise provides, the person does not owe any duty to the secured party and is not required to confirm the acknowledgment to another person. (h) A secured party having possession of collateral does not relinquish possession by delivering the collateral to a person other than the debtor or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business if the person was instructed before the delivery or is instructed contemporaneously with the delivery: (1) to hold possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or (2) to redeliver the collateral to the secured party. (i) A secured party does not relinquish possession, even if a delivery under subsection (h) violates the rights of a debtor. A person to which collateral is delivered under subsection (h) does not owe any duty to the secured party and is not required to confirm the delivery to another person unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this chapter otherwise provides. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date." Effect of Amendment 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 41, in subsection (a), inserted "tangible" before "negotiable documents".
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-8-403 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 8 / Section 36-8-403
SECTION 36-8-403. Demand that issuer not register transfer.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who is an appropriate person to make an indorsement or originate an instruction may demand that the issuer not register transfer of a security by communicating to the issuer a notification that identifies the registered owner and the issue of which the security is a part and provides an address for communications directed to the person making the demand. The demand is effective only if it is received by the issuer at a time and in a manner affording the issuer reasonable opportunity to act on it. (b) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security after a demand that the issuer not register transfer has become effective, the issuer shall promptly communicate to (i) the person who initiated the demand at the address provided in the demand and (ii) the person who presented the security for registration of transfer or initiated the instruction requesting registration of transfer a notification stating that: (1) the certificated security has been presented for registration of transfer or the instruction for registration of transfer of the uncertificated security has been received; (2) a demand that the issuer not register transfer had previously been received; and (3) the issuer will withhold registration of transfer for a period of time stated in the notification in order to provide the person who initiated the demand an opportunity to obtain legal process or an indemnity bond. (c) The period described in subsection (b)(3) may not exceed thirty days after the date of communication of the notification. A shorter period may be specified by the issuer if it is not manifestly unreasonable. (d) An issuer is not liable to a person who initiated a demand that the issuer not register transfer for any loss the person suffers as a result of registration of a transfer pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction if the person who initiated the demand does not, within the time stated in the issuer's communication, either: (1) obtain an appropriate restraining order, injunction, or other process from a court of competent jurisdiction enjoining the issuer from registering the transfer; or (2) file with the issuer an indemnity bond, sufficient in the issuer's judgment to protect the issuer and any transfer agent, registrar, or other agent of the issuer involved from any loss it or they may suffer by refusing to register the transfer. (e) This section does not relieve an issuer from liability for registering transfer pursuant to an indorsement or instruction that was not effective.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-321 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-321
SECTION 36-9-321. Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business.
Status: in_force

(a) In this section, "licensee in ordinary course of business" means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangible, and in the ordinary course from a person in the business of licensing general intangibles of that kind. A person becomes a licensee in the ordinary course if the license to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the licensor is engaged or with the licensor's own usual or customary practices. (b) A licensee in ordinary course of business takes its rights under a nonexclusive license free of a security interest in the general intangible created by the licensor, even if the security interest is perfected and the licensee knows of its existence. (c) A lessee in ordinary course of business takes its leasehold interest free of a security interest in the goods created by the lessor, even if the security interest is perfected and the lessee knows of its existence.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-719 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-719
SECTION 36-2-719. Contractual modification or limitation of remedy.
Status: in_force

(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section and of the preceding section (SECTION 36-2-718) on liquidation and limitation of damages, (a) the agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this chapter and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this chapter, as by limiting the buyer's remedies to return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of nonconforming goods or parts; and (b) resort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy. (2) Where circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this act. (3) Consequential damages may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation of damages where the loss is commercial is not. Editor's Note "This act," referred to in this section, means Act No. 1065 of the 1966 Acts and Joint Resolutions, originally codified as Titles 10.1 to 10.10 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1962, and now codified as Title 36 of the Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976. SECTION 36-2-720. Effect of "cancellation" or "rescission" on claims for antecedent breach. Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of "cancellation" or "rescission" of the contract or the like shall not be construed as a renunciation or discharge of any claim in damages for an antecedent breach.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-804 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-804
SECTION 36-9-804. Timing of perfection of preexisting security interests.
Status: in_force

A security interest that is an unperfected security interest immediately before this act takes effect becomes a perfected security interest: (1) without further action, when this act takes effect if the applicable requirements for perfection under Chapter 9, Title 36 as amended by this act are satisfied before or at that time; or (2) when the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-311 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-311
SECTION 36-3-311. Accord and satisfaction by use of instrument.
Status: in_force

(a) If a person against whom a claim is asserted proves that (i) that person in good faith tendered an instrument to the claimant as full satisfaction of the claim, (ii) the amount of the claim was unliquidated or subject to a bona fide dispute, and (iii) the claimant obtained payment of the instrument, the following subsections apply. (b) Unless Subsection (c) applies, the claim is discharged if the person against whom the claim is asserted proves that the instrument or an accompanying written communication contained a conspicuous statement to the effect that the instrument was tendered as full satisfaction of the claim. (c) Subject to Subsection (d), a claim is not discharged under Subsection (b) if either of the following applies: (1) The claimant, if an organization, proves that (i) within a reasonable time before the tender, the claimant sent a conspicuous statement to the person against whom the claim is asserted that communications concerning disputed debts, including an instrument tendered as full satisfaction of a debt, are to be sent to a designated person, office, or place, and (ii) the instrument or accompanying communication was not received by that designated person, office, or place. (2) The claimant, whether or not an organization, proves that within 90 days after payment of the instrument, the claimant tendered repayment of the amount of the instrument to the person against whom the claim is asserted. This paragraph does not apply if the claimant is an organization that sent a statement complying with Paragraph (1)(i). (d) A claim is discharged if the person against whom the claim is asserted proves that within a reasonable time before collection of the instrument was initiated, the claimant, or an agent of the claimant having direct responsibility with respect to the disputed obligation, knew that the instrument was tendered in full satisfaction of the claim.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-104 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-104
SECTION 36-3-104. Negotiable instrument.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in Subsections (c) and (d), "negotiable instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it: (1) is payable to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder; (2) is payable on demand or at a definite time; and (3) does not state any other undertaking or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the payment of money, but the promise or order may contain (i) an undertaking or power to give, maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment, (ii) an authorization or power to the holder to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or (iii) a waiver of the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor. (b) "Instrument" means a negotiable instrument. (c) An order that meets all of the requirements of Subsection (a), except Paragraph (1), and otherwise falls within the definition of "check" in Subsection (f) is a negotiable instrument and a check. (d) A promise or order other than a check is not an instrument if, at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder, it contains a conspicuous statement, however expressed, to the effect that the promise or order is not negotiable or is not an instrument governed by this Chapter. (e) An instrument is a "note" if it is a promise and is a "draft" if it is an order. If an instrument falls within the definition of both "note" and "draft," a person entitled to enforce the instrument may treat it as either. (f) "Check" means (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft, payable on demand and drawn on a bank or (ii) a cashier's check or teller's check. An instrument may be a check even though it is described on its face by another term, such as "money order." (g) "Cashier's check" means a draft with respect to which the drawer and drawee are the same bank or branches of the same bank. (h) "Teller's check" means a draft drawn by a bank (i) on another bank, or (ii) payable at or through a bank. (i) "Traveler's check" means an instrument that (i) is payable on demand, (ii) is drawn on or payable at or through a bank, (iii) is designated by the term "traveler's check" or by a substantially similar term, and (iv) requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the instrument. (j) "Certificate of deposit" means an instrument containing an acknowledgment by a bank that a sum of money has been received by the bank and a promise by the bank to repay the sum of money. A certificate of deposit is a note of the bank.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-207 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-207
SECTION 36-3-207. Reacquisition.
Status: in_force

Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred to a former holder, by negotiation or otherwise. A former holder who reacquires the instrument may cancel indorsements made after the reacquirer first became a holder of the instrument. If the cancellation causes the instrument to be payable to the reacquirer or to bearer, the reacquirer may negotiate the instrument. An indorser whose indorsement is canceled is discharged, and the discharge is effective against any subsequent holder.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-11-101 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 11 / Section 36-11-101
SECTION 36-11-101. Effective date of the 1988 amendments.
Status: in_force

The amendments to Title 36 contained in this chapter become effective at 12:01 a.m. on January 1, 1989. The amendments to Title 36 contained in this chapter are officially designated as the 1988 UCC amendments; and the provisions of Act 1065 of 1966 are officially designated as the 1966 UCC.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-620 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-620
SECTION 36-9-620. Acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of obligation; compulsory disposition of collateral.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a secured party may accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if: (1) the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c); (2) the secured party does not receive, within the time set forth in subsection (d), a notification of objection to the proposal authenticated by: (A) a person to which the secured party was required to send a proposal under Section 36-9-621; or (B) any other person, other than the debtor, holding an interest in the collateral subordinate to the security interest that is the subject of the proposal; (3) if the collateral is consumer goods, the collateral is not in the possession of the debtor when the debtor consents to the acceptance; and (4) subsection (e) does not require the secured party to dispose of the collateral or the debtor waives the requirement pursuant to Section 36-9-624. (b) A purported or apparent acceptance of collateral under this Section is ineffective unless: (1) the secured party consents to the acceptance in an authenticated record or sends a proposal to the debtor; and (2) the conditions of subsection (a) are met. (c) For purposes of this section: (1) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default; and (2) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default or the secured party: (A) sends to the debtor after default a proposal that is unconditional or subject only to a condition that collateral not in the possession of the secured party be preserved or maintained; (B) in the proposal, proposes to accept collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures; and (C) does not receive a notification of objection authenticated by the debtor within twenty days after the proposal is sent. (d) To be effective under subsection (a)(2), a notification of objection must be received by the secured party: (1) in the case of a person to which the proposal was sent pursuant to Section 36-9-621, within twenty days after notification was sent to that person; and (2) in other cases: (A) within twenty days after the last notification was sent pursuant to Section 36-9-621; or (B) if a notification was not sent, before the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c). (e) A secured party that has taken possession of collateral shall dispose of the collateral pursuant to Section 36-9-610 within the time specified in subsection (f) if: (1) sixty percent of the cash price has been paid in the case of a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods; or (2) sixty percent of the principal amount of the obligation secured has been paid in the case of a nonpurchase-money security interest in consumer goods. (f) To comply with subsection (e), the secured party shall dispose of the collateral: (1) within ninety days after taking possession; or (2) within any longer period to which the debtor and all secondary obligors have agreed in an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default. (g) In a consumer transaction, a secured party may not accept collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-5-116 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 5 / Section 36-5-116
SECTION 36-5-116. Choice of law and forum.
Status: in_force

(a) The liability of an issuer, nominated person, or adviser for action or omission is governed by the law of the jurisdiction chosen by an agreement in the form of a record signed or otherwise authenticated by the affected parties in the manner provided in Section 36-5-104 or by a provision in the person's letter of credit, confirmation, or other undertaking. The jurisdiction whose law is chosen need not bear any relation to the transaction. (b) Unless subsection (a) applies, the liability of an issuer, nominated person, or adviser for action or omission is governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the person is located. The person is considered to be located at the address indicated in the person's undertaking. If more than one address is indicated, the person is considered to be located at the address from which the person's undertaking was issued. For the purpose of jurisdiction, choice of law, and recognition of interbranch letters of credit, but not enforcement of a judgment, all branches of a bank are considered separate juridical entities and a bank is considered to be located at the place where its relevant branch is considered to be located under this subsection. (c) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the liability of an issuer, nominated person, or adviser is governed by any rules of custom or practice, such as the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, to which the letter of credit, confirmation, or other undertaking is expressly made subject. If (i) this chapter would govern the liability of an issuer, nominated person, or adviser under subsection (a) or (b), (ii) the relevant undertaking incorporates rules of custom or practice, and (iii) there is conflict between this chapter and those rules as applied to that undertaking, those rules govern except to the extent of any conflict with the nonvariable provisions specified in Section 36-5-103(c). (d) If there is conflict between this chapter and Chapters 3, 4, 4A, or 9, this chapter governs. (e) The forum for settling disputes arising out of an undertaking within this chapter may be chosen in the manner and with the binding effect that governing law may be chosen in accordance with subsection (a).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-510 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-510
SECTION 36-2-510. Effect of breach on risk of loss.
Status: in_force

(1) Where a tender or delivery of goods so fails to conform to the contract as to give a right of rejection the risk of their loss remains on the seller until cure or acceptance. (2) Where the buyer rightfully revokes acceptance he may to the extent of any deficiency in his effective insurance coverage treat the risk of loss as having rested on the seller from the beginning. (3) Where the buyer as to conforming goods already identified to the contract for sale repudiates or is otherwise in breach before risk of their loss has passed to him, the seller may to the extent of any deficiency in his effective insurance coverage treat the risk of loss as resting on the buyer for a commercially reasonable time.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-612 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-612
SECTION 36-9-612. Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), whether a notification is sent within a reasonable time is a question of fact. (b) In a transaction other than a consumer transaction, a notification of disposition sent after default and ten days or more before the earliest time of disposition set forth in the notification is sent within a reasonable time before the disposition.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-8-402 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 8 / Section 36-8-402
SECTION 36-8-402. Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective.
Status: in_force

(a) An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary indorsement or each instruction is genuine and authorized: (1) in all cases, a guaranty of the signature of the person making an indorsement or originating an instruction including, in the case of an instruction, reasonable assurance of identity; (2) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by an agent, appropriate assurance of actual authority to sign; (3) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a fiduciary pursuant to Section 36-8-107(a)(4) or (a)(5), appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency; (4) if there is more than one fiduciary, reasonable assurance that all who are required to sign have done so; and (5) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a person not covered by another provision of this subsection, assurance appropriate to the case corresponding as nearly as may be to the provisions of this subsection. (b) An issuer may elect to require reasonable assurance beyond that specified in this section. (c) In this section: (1) "Guaranty of the signature" means a guaranty signed by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the issuer to be responsible. An issuer may adopt standards with respect to responsibility if they are not manifestly unreasonable. (2) "Appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency" means: (i) in the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof and dated within sixty days before the date of presentation for transfer; or (ii) in any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by an issuer to be responsible or, in the absence of that document or certificate, other evidence the issuer reasonably considers appropriate.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-405 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-405
SECTION 36-9-405. Modification of assigned contract.
Status: in_force

(a) A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if made in good faith. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the modified or substituted contract. The assignment may provide that the modification or substitution is a breach of contract by the assignor. This subsection is subject to subsections (b) through (d). (b) Subsection (a) applies to the extent that: (1) the right to payment or a part thereof under an assigned contract has not been fully earned by performance; or (2) the right to payment or a part thereof has been fully earned by performance and the account debtor has not received notification of the assignment under Section 36-9-406(a). (c) This section is subject to law other than this chapter which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (d) This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-8-303 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 8 / Section 36-8-303
SECTION 36-8-303. Protected purchaser.
Status: in_force

(a) "Protected purchaser" means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an interest therein, who: (1) gives value; (2) does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security; and (3) obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security. (b) In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-202 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-202
SECTION 36-9-202. Title to collateral immaterial.
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the provisions of this chapter with regard to rights and obligations apply whether title to collateral is in the secured party or the debtor.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-4-301 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 4 / Section 36-4-301
SECTION 36-4-301. Posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor; return of items by payor bank.
Status: in_force

(a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it (1) returns the item; (2) returns an image of the item, if the party to which the return is made has entered into an agreement to accept an image as a return of the item and the image is returned in accordance with that agreement; or (3) sends a record providing notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return. (b) If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in Subsection (a). (c) Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section. (d) An item is returned: (1) as to an item presented through a clearing house, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearing house or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearing-house rules; or (2) in all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to instructions.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-5-115 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 5 / Section 36-5-115
SECTION 36-5-115. Statute of limitations.
Status: in_force

An action to enforce a right or obligation arising under this chapter must be commenced within one year after the expiration date of the relevant letter of credit or one year after the claim for relief cause of action accrues, whichever occurs later. A claim for relief cause of action accrues when the breach occurs, regardless of the aggrieved party's lack of knowledge of the breach.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-107 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-107
SECTION 36-9-107. Control of letter-of-credit right.
Status: in_force

A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit right to the extent of any right to payment or performance by the issuer or any nominated person if the issuer or nominated person has consented to an assignment of proceeds of the letter of credit under Section 36-5-114(c) or otherwise applicable law or practice.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-301 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-301
SECTION 36-7-301. Liability for nonreceipt or misdescription; "said to contain"; "shipper's weight, load, and count"; improper handling.
Status: in_force

(a) A consignee of a nonnegotiable bill of lading which has given value in good faith, or a holder to which a negotiable bill has been duly negotiated, relying in either case upon the description of the goods in the bill or upon the date shown in the bill, may recover from the issuer damages caused by the misdating of the bill or the nonreceipt or misdescription of the goods, except to the extent that the bill of lading indicates that the issuer does not know whether any part or all of the goods in fact were received or conform to the description, such as in a case in which the description is in terms of marks or labels or kind, quantity, or condition or the receipt or description is qualified by "contents or condition of contents of packages unknown," "said to contain," "shipper's weight, load and count" or words of similar import, if that indication is true. (b) If goods are loaded by the issuer of a bill of lading: (1) the issuer shall count the packages of goods if shipped in packages and ascertain the kind and quantity if shipped in bulk; and (2) words such as "shipper's weight, load and count" or other words of similar import indicating that the description was made by the shipper are ineffective except as to goods concealed by packages. (c) If bulk goods are loaded by a shipper that makes available to the issuer of a bill of lading adequate facilities for weighing those goods, the issuer shall ascertain the kind and quantity within a reasonable time after receiving the shipper's request in a record to do so. In that case "shipper's weight" or words of similar import are ineffective. (d) The issuer of a bill of lading, by including in the bill the words "shipper's weight, load and count" or of similar import, may indicate that the goods were loaded by the shipper, and if that statement is true, the issuer is not liable for damages caused by the improper loading. However, omission of those words does not imply liability for damages caused by improper loading. (e) A shipper guarantees to e an issuer the accuracy at the time of shipment of the description, marks, labels, number, kind, quantity, condition and weight, as furnished by the shipper; and the shipper shall indemnify the issuer against damage caused by inaccuracies in those particulars. This right of indemnity does not limit the issuer's responsibility or liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-301. Changes: Changes for clarity, style and to recognize deregulation in the transportation industry. Purposes: 1. This section continues the rules from former Section 7-301 with one substantive change. The obligations of the issuer of the bill of lading under former subsections (2) and (3) were limited to issuers who were common carriers. Subsections (b) and (c) apply the same rules to all issuers not just common carriers. This section is compatible with the policies stated in the federal Bills of Lading Act, 49 U.S.C. SECTION 80113 (2000). 2. The language of the pre-Code Uniform Bills of Lading Act suggested that a carrier is ordinarily liable for damage caused by improper loading, but may relieve itself of liability by disclosing on the bill that shipper actually loaded. A more accurate statement of the law is that the carrier is not liable for losses caused by act or default of the shipper, which would include improper loading. D. H. Overmyer Co. v. Nelson Brantley Glass Go., 168 S.E.2d 176 (Ga. Ct. App. 1969). There was some question whether under pre-Code law a carrier was liable even to a good faith purchaser of a negotiable bill for such losses, if the shipper's faulty loading in fact caused the loss. Subsection (d) permits the carrier to bar, by disclosure of shipper's loading, liability to a good faith purchaser. There is no implication that decisions such as Modern Tool Corp. v. Pennsylvania R. Co., 100 F.Supp. 595 (D.N.J.1951), are disapproved. 3. This section is a restatement of existing law as to the method by which a bailee may avoid responsibility for the accuracy of descriptions which are made by or in reliance upon information furnished by the depositor or shipper. The wording in this section-"contents or condition of contents of packages unknown" or "shipper's weight, load and count"-to indicate that the shipper loaded the goods or that the carrier does not know the description, condition, or contents of the loaded packages continues to be appropriate as commonly understood in the transportation industry. The reasons for this wording are as important in 2002 as when the prior section initially was approved. The issuer is liable on documents issued by an agent, contrary to instructions of his principal, without receiving goods. No disclaimer of this liability is permitted since it is not a matter either of the care of the goods or their description. 4. The shipper's erroneous report to the carrier concerning the goods may cause damage to the carrier. Subsection (e) therefore provides appropriate indemnity. 5. The word "freight" in the former Section 7-301 has been changed to "goods" to conform to international and domestic land transport usage in which "freight" means the price paid for carriage of the goods and not the goods themselves. Hence, changing the word "freight" to the word "goods" is a clarifying change that fits both international and domestic practice. Cross References: Sections 7-203, 7-309 and 7-501. Definitional Cross References: "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Consignee". Section 7-102. "Document of Title". Section 1-201. "Duly negotiate". Section 7-501. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102]. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Holder". Section 1-201. "Issuer". Section 7-102. "Notice". Section 1-202. "Party". Section 1-201. "Purchaser." Section 1-201. "Receipt of Goods". Section 2-103. "Value". Section 1-204. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-109 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-109
SECTION 36-9-109. Scope.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d), this chapter applies to: (1) a transaction, regardless of its form, that creates a security interest in personal property or fixtures by contract; (2) an agricultural lien; (3) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes; (4) a consignment; (5) a security interest arising under Section 36-2-401, 36-2-505, 36-2-711(3), or 36-2A-508(5), as provided in Section 36-9-110; and (6) a security interest arising under Section 36-4-208 or 36-5-118. (b) The application of this chapter to a security interest in a secured obligation is not affected by the fact that the obligation is itself secured by a transaction or interest to which this chapter does not apply. (c) This chapter does not apply to the extent that: (1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States preempts this chapter; or (2) the rights of a transferee beneficiary or nominated person under a letter of credit are independent and superior under Section 36-5-114. (d) This chapter does not apply to: (1) a landlord's lien, other than an agricultural lien, but Section 36-9-317 applies as to the priority of the landlord's lien; (2) a lien, other than an agricultural lien, given by statute or other rule of law for services or materials, but Section 36-9-333 applies with respect to priority of the lien; (3) an assignment of a claim for wages, salary, or other compensation of an employee; (4) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes as part of a sale of the business out of which they arose; (5) an assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes which is for the purpose of collection only; (6) an assignment of a right to payment under a contract to an assignee that also is obligated to perform under the contract; (7) an assignment of a single account, payment intangible, or promissory note to an assignee in full or partial satisfaction of a preexisting indebtedness; (8) a transfer of an interest in or an assignment of a claim under a policy of insurance, other than an assignment by or to a health care provider of a health care insurance receivable and any subsequent assignment of the right to payment, but Sections 36-9-315 and 36-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; (9) an assignment of a right represented by a judgment, other than a judgment taken on a right to payment that was collateral; (10) a right of recoupment or set-off, but: (A) Section 36-9-340 applies with respect to the effectiveness of rights of recoupment or set-off against deposit accounts; and (B) Section 36-9-404 applies with respect to defenses or claims of an account debtor; (11) the creation or transfer of an interest in or lien on real property, including a lease or rents thereunder, except to the extent that provision is made for: (A) liens on real property in Sections 36-9-203 and 36-9-308; (B) fixtures in Section 36-9-334; (C) fixture filings in Sections 36-9-501, 36-9-502, 36-9-512, 36-9-516, and 36-9-519; and (D) security agreements covering personal and real property in Section 36-9-604; (12) an assignment of a claim arising in tort, other than a commercial tort claim, but Sections 36-9-315 and 36-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; (13) an assignment of a deposit account in a consumer transaction, but Sections 36-9-315 and 36-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; (14) a transfer by a government or governmental unit; or (15) the creation, perfection, priority, or enforcement of any sale, assignment of, pledge of, security interest in, or other transfer of, any interest or right or portion of any interest or right in any storm recovery property as defined in Section 58-27-1105(17). Effect of Amendment The 2002 amendment, in subsection (c), deleted paragraphs (2) and (3) relating to security interests expressly governed by another South Carolina statute and a statute of another State or foreign country, respectively, and renumbered paragraph (4) as (2), in subsection (d), added paragraph (14), and, in the South Carolina Reporter's Comment, made organizational changes and added item D. 2022 Act No. 227, SECTION 2, in (d), in (13), deleted the "or" at the end, in (14), substituted "; or" for ".", and added (15).
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-517 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-517
SECTION 36-9-517. Effect of indexing errors.
Status: in_force

The failure of the filing office to index a record correctly does not affect the effectiveness of the filed record.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-320 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-320
SECTION 36-2-320. C.I.F. and C. & F. terms.
Status: in_force

(1) The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. & F. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named destination. (2) Unless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the stated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent requires the seller at his own expense and risk to (a) put the goods into the possession of a carrier at the port for shipment and obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation to the named destination; and (b) load the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier (which may be contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or provided for; and (c) obtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the usual amount, in the currency of the contract, shown to cover the same goods covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the order of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance; and (d) prepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to effect shipment or to comply with the contract; and (e) forward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form and with any indorsement necessary to perfect the buyer's rights. (3) Unless otherwise agreed the term C. & F. or its equivalent has the same effect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F. term except the obligation as to insurance. (4) Under the term C.I.F. or C. & F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-501 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-501
SECTION 36-7-501. Form of negotiation and requirements of "due negotiation".
Status: in_force

(a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title: (1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person, the document is negotiated by the named person's indorsement and delivery. After the named person's indorsement in blank or to bearer, any person may negotiate the document by delivery alone. (2) If the document's original terms run to bearer, it is negotiated by delivery alone. (3) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and it is delivered to the named person, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated. (4) Negotiation of the document after it has been indorsed to a named person requires indorsement by the named person and delivery. (5) A document is "duly negotiated" if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this section to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves taking delivery of the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation. (b) The following rules apply to a negotiable electronic document of title: (1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person or bearer, the document is negotiated by delivery of the document to another person. Indorsement by the named person is not required to negotiate the document. (2) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and the named person has control of the document, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated. (3) A document is "duly negotiated" if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves taking delivery of the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation. (c) Indorsement of a nonnegotiable document of title neither makes it negotiable nor adds to the transferee's rights. (d) The naming in a negotiable bill of lading of a person to be notified of the arrival of the goods does not limit the negotiability of the bill or constitute notice to a purchaser of the bill of any interest of that person in the goods. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-501. Changes: To accommodate negotiable electronic documents of title. Purpose: 1. Subsection (a) has been limited to tangible negotiable documents of title but otherwise remains unchanged in substance from the rules in former Section 7-501. Subsection (b) is new and applies to negotiable electronic documents of title. Delivery of a negotiable electronic document is through voluntary transfer of control. Section 1-201 definition of "delivery." The control concept as applied to negotiable electronic documents of title is the substitute for both possession and indorsement as applied to negotiable tangible documents of title. Section 7-106. Article 7 does not separately define the term "duly negotiated." However, the elements of "duly negotiated" are set forth in subsection (a)(5) for tangible documents and (b)(3) for electronic documents. As under former Section 7-501, in order to effect a "due negotiation" the negotiation must be in the "regular course of business or financing" in order to transfer greater rights than those held by the person negotiating. The foundation of the mercantile doctrine of good faith purchase for value has always been, as shown by the case situations, the furtherance and protection of the regular course of trade. The reason for allowing a person, in bad faith or in error, to convey away rights which are not its own has from the beginning been to make possible the speedy handling of that great run of commercial transactions which are patently usual and normal. There are two aspects to the usual and normal course of mercantile dealings, namely, the person making the transfer and the nature of the transaction itself. The first question which arises is: Is the transferor a person with whom it is reasonable to deal as having full powers? In regard to documents of title the only holder whose possession or control appears, commercially, to be in order is almost invariably a person in the trade. No commercial purpose is served by allowing a tramp or a professor to "duly negotiate" an order bill of lading for hides or cotton not their own, and since such a transfer is obviously not in the regular course of business, it is excluded from the scope of the protection of subsections (a)(5) or (b)(3). The second question posed by the "regular course" qualification is: Is the transaction one which is normally proper to pass full rights without inquiry, even though the transferor itself may not have such rights to pass, and even though the transferor may be acting in breach of duty? In raising this question the "regular course" criterion has the further advantage of limiting, the effective wrongful disposition to transactions whose protection will really further trade. Obviously, the snapping up of goods for quick resale at a price suspiciously below the market deserves no protection as a matter of policy: it is also clearly outside the range of regular course. Any notice on the document sufficient to put a merchant on inquiry as to the "regular course" quality of the transaction will frustrate a "due negotiation". Thus irregularity of the document or unexplained staleness of a bill of lading may appropriately be recognized as negating a negotiation in "regular" course. A pre-existing claim constitutes value, and "due negotiation" does not require "new value." A usual and ordinary transaction in which documents are received as security for credit previously extended may be in "regular" course, even though there is a demand for additional collateral because the creditor "deems himself insecure." But the matter has moved out of the regular course of financing if the debtor is thought to be insolvent, the credit previously extended is in effect cancelled, and the creditor snatches a plank in the shipwreck under the guise of a demand for additional collateral. Where a money debt is "paid" in commodity paper, any question of "regular" course disappears, as the case is explicitly excepted from "due negotiation". 2. Negotiation under this section may be made by any holder no matter how the holder acquired possession or control of the document. 3. Subsections (a)(3) and (b)(2) make explicit a matter upon which the intent of the pre-Code law was clear but the language somewhat obscure: a negotiation results from a delivery to a banker or buyer to whose order the document has been taken by the person making the bailment. There is no presumption of irregularity in such a negotiation; it may very well be in "regular course." 4. This Article does not contain any provision creating a presumption of due negotiation to, and full rights in, a holder of a document of title akin to that created by Uniform Commercial Code Article 3. But the reason of the provisions of this Act (Section 1-307) on the prima facie authenticity and accuracy of third party documents, joins with the reason of the present section to work such a presumption in favor of any person who has power to make a due negotiation. It would not make sense for this Act to authorize a purchaser to indulge the presumption of regularity if the courts were not also called upon to do so. Allocations of the burden of going forward with the evidence and the burden of proof are left to the procedural law of the various states. 5. Subsections (c) and (d) are unchanged from prior law and apply to both tangible and electronic documents of title. Cross References: Sections 1-307, 7-502 and 7-503. Definitional Cross References: "Bearer". Section 1-201. "Control". Section 7-106. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Document of title". Section 1-201. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102]. "Holder". Section 1-201. "Notice". Section 1-202. "Person". Section 1-201. "Purchase". Section 1-201. "Rights". Section 1-201. "Term". Section 1-201. "Value". Section 1-204. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-303 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-303
SECTION 36-2-303. Allocation or division of risks.
Status: in_force

Where this chapter allocates a risk or a burden as between the parties "unless otherwise agreed," the agreement may not only shift the allocation but may also divide the risk or burden.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-3-417 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 3 / Section 36-3-417
SECTION 36-3-417. Presentment warranties.
Status: in_force

(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft, at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee making payment or accepting the draft in good faith that: (1) the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the draft, a person entitled to enforce the draft or authorized to obtain payment or acceptance of the draft on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the draft; (2) the draft has not been altered; (3) the warrantor has no knowledge that the signature of the drawer of the draft is unauthorized; and (4) with respect to any remotely-created consumer item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn. (b) A drawee making payment may recover from any warrantor damages for breach of warranty equal to the amount paid by the drawee less the amount the drawee received or is entitled to receive from the drawer because of the payment. In addition, the drawee is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach. The right of the drawee to recover damages under this subsection is not affected by any failure of the drawee to exercise ordinary care in making payment. If the drawee accepts the draft, breach of warranty is a defense to the obligation of the acceptor. If the acceptor makes payment with respect to the draft, the acceptor is entitled to recover from any warrantor for breach of warranty the amounts stated in this subsection. (c) If a drawee asserts a claim for breach of warranty under Subsection (a) based on an unauthorized indorsement of the draft or an alteration of the draft, the warrantor may defend by proving that the indorsement is effective under Section 36-3-404 or 36-3-405 or the drawer is precluded under Section 36-3-406 or 36-4-406 from asserting against the drawee the unauthorized indorsement or alteration. (d) If (i) a dishonored draft is presented for payment to the drawer or an indorser or (ii) any other instrument is presented for payment to a party obliged to pay the instrument, and (iii) payment is received, the following rules apply: (1) The person obtaining payment and a prior transferor of the instrument warrant to the person making payment in good faith that the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the instrument, a person entitled to enforce the instrument or authorized to obtain payment on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the instrument. (2) The person making payment may recover from any warrantor for breach of warranty an amount equal to the amount paid plus expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach. (e) The warranties stated in Subsections (a) and (d) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the liability of the warrantor under Subsection (b) or (d) is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim. (f) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-501 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 2 / Section 36-2-501
SECTION 36-2-501. Insurable interest in goods; manner of identification of goods.
Status: in_force

(1) The buyer obtains a special property and an insurable interest in goods by identification of existing goods as goods to which the contract refers even though the goods so identified are nonconforming and he has an option to return or reject them. Such identification can be made at any time and in any manner explicitly agreed to by the parties. In the absence of explicit agreement identification occurs (a) when the contract is made if it is for the sale of goods already existing and identified; (b) if the contract is for the sale of future goods other than those described in paragraph (c), when goods are shipped, marked or otherwise designated by the seller as goods to which the contract refers; (c) when the crops are planted or otherwise become growing crops or the young are conceived if the contract is for the sale of unborn young to be born within twelve months after contracting or for the sale of crops to be harvested within twelve months or the next normal harvest season after contracting, whichever is longer. (2) The seller retains an insurable interest in goods so long as title to or any security interest in the goods remains in him and where the identification is by the seller alone he may until default or insolvency or notification to the buyer that the identification is final substitute other goods for those identified. (3) Nothing in this section impairs any insurable interest recognized under any other statute or rule of law.
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-7-308 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 7 / Section 36-7-308
SECTION 36-7-308. Enforcement of carrier's lien.
Status: in_force

(a) A carrier's lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include a statement of the amount due, the nature of the proposed sale, and the time and place of any public sale. The fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or in a method different from that selected by the carrier is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not made in a commercially reasonable manner. The carrier sells goods in a commercially reasonable manner if the carrier sells the goods in the usual manner in any recognized market therefor, sells at the price current in that market at the time of the sale, or otherwise sells in conformity with commercially reasonable practices among dealers in the type of goods sold. A sale of more goods than apparently necessary to be offered to ensure satisfaction of the obligation is not commercially reasonable, except in cases covered by the preceding sentence. (b) Before any sale pursuant to this section, any person claiming a right in the goods may pay the amount necessary to satisfy the lien and the reasonable expenses incurred in complying with this section. In that event, the goods shall not be sold, but must be retained by the carrier, subject to the terms of the bill and this chapter. (c) A carrier may buy at any public sale pursuant to this section. (d) A purchaser in good faith of goods sold to enforce a carrier's lien takes the goods free of any rights of persons against which the lien was valid, despite the carrier's noncompliance with this section. (e) A carrier may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale pursuant to this section but must hold the balance, if any, for delivery on demand to any person to which the carrier would have been bound to deliver the goods. (f) The rights provided by this section are in addition to all other rights allowed by law to a creditor against a debtor. (g) A carrier's lien may be enforced pursuant to either subsection (a) or the procedure set forth in subsection (b) of Section 36-7-210. (h) A carrier is liable for damages caused by failure to comply with the requirements for sale under this section, and in case of wilful violation, is liable for conversion. OFFICIAL COMMENT Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-308. Changes: To conform language to modern usage and for style. Purposes: This section is intended to give the carrier an enforcement procedure of its lien coextensive with that given the warehouse in cases other than those covering noncommercial storage by the warehouse. See Section 7-210 and comments. Cross Reference: Section 7-210. Definitional Cross References: "Bill of lading". Section 1-201. "Carrier". Section 7-102. "Creditor". Section 1-201. "Delivery". Section 1-201. "Good faith". Section 1-201 [7-102]. "Goods". Section 7-102. "Notification". Section 1-202. "Notifies". Section 1-202. "Person". Section 1-201. "Purchaser". Section 1-201. "Rights". Section 1-201. "Term". Section 1-201. Editor's Note 2014 Act No. 213, SECTION 51, provides as follows: "SECTION 51. This act becomes effective on October 1, 2014. It applies to transactions entered into and events occurring after that date."
S.C. Code Ann. § 36-9-402 — SC Code / Title 36 / Chapter 9 / Section 36-9-402
SECTION 36-9-402. Secured party not obligated on contract of debtor or in tort.
Status: in_force

The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not subject a secured party to liability in contract or tort for the debtor's acts or omissions.