FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
N.Y. ENV Law § 40-0123 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 40 / Section 40-0123
Severability
Status: in_force

§ 40-0123. Severability.\n  The provisions of this article shall be severable and if any phrase,\nclause, sentence or provision of this article, or the applicability\nthereof to any person or circumstance shall be held invalid, the\nremainder of this article and the application thereof shall not be\naffected thereby.\n
N.Y. CVS Law § 51 — New York Code / Act CVS / Article 4 / Title A / Section 51
Filling vacancies by open competitive examination
Status: in_force

§ 51. Filling vacancies by open competitive examination. 1.  Upon the\nwritten request of the appointing officer stating his reasons therefor,\nor on its own initiative, the state civil service department or\nappropriate municipal commission may determine to conduct an open\ncompetitive examination for filling a vacancy or vacancies instead of a\npromotion examination.\n  2. Except where the state civil service department or appropriate\nmunicipal commission finds that there are less than three persons\neligible for promotion in the promotion unit where the vacancy exists,\nor in the department, if such vacancy is not in a separate promotion\nunit, and except where the department or municipal commission determines\nto conduct an open competitive and a promotion examination\nsimultaneously, a notice of intention to conduct such open competitive\nexamination or a copy of the appointing officer's request for open\ncompetitive examination, as the case may be, shall be publicly and\nconspicuously posted in the offices of both the appointing officer and\nthe state civil service department or appropriate municipal commission\nand such request shall not be acted upon until said notice has been\nposted as aforesaid for a period of not less than fifteen days.\n  3. Any employee who believes that a promotion examination should be\nheld for filling such vacancy may submit to the state civil service\ndepartment or appropriate municipal commission his request, in writing,\nfor a promotion examination rather than an open competitive examination,\nstating the reasons why he believes it to be practicable and in the\npublic interest to fill the vacancy by promotion examination.\n
N.Y. HAY Law § 103-A — New York Code / Act HAY / Article 5 / Section 103-A
Obstructions and removals
Status: in_force

§ 103-a. Obstructions and removals. Obstructions, within the meaning\nof this section, shall include trees which have been cut or have fallen\neither on adjacent lands or within the bounds of the highway, in such a\nmanner as to interfere with public travel therein; limbs of trees which\nhave fallen within the highway, or branches of trees overhanging the\nhighways so as to interfere with public travel therein; lumber, wood or\nlogs piled within the bounds of the public highway; machines, vehicles\nand implements abandoned or habitually placed within the bounds of the\nhighway; fences, buildings or other structures erected within the bounds\nof the highway; earth, stone or other material placed in any ditch or\nwaterway along the highway; telegraph, telephone, electric and other\npoles, and the wires connected therewith, erected within the bounds of\nthe highway in such a manner as to interfere with the use of the highway\nfor public travel.\n  It shall be the duty of each owner or occupant of lands situate along\nthe highway, to remove all obstructions except such structures as have\nbeen placed or erected by a public utility corporation or for an\notherwise public purpose, within the bounds of the highway, which have\nbeen placed there by such owner or occupant or with his consent. It\nshall be the duty of all public utility corporations, to remove and\nreset poles and the wires connected therewith, when the same constitute\nobstructions to the use of the highway by the traveling public. If\ntemporary obstructions such as trees, lumber, wood, logs, machinery,\nvehicles and similar obstructions are not removed within five days after\nthe service of a notice by mail or forty-eight hours after the service\nof a notice personally, upon such owner or occupant, requesting the same\nto be done, the county superintendent of highways shall remove such\nobstruction. And if permanent obstructions, including, among others,\ntelegraph, telephone, electric and other poles and wires connected\ntherewith, are not moved and reset within thirty days after the service\nof a notice personally or by mail upon the owner of such poles or wires,\nthe county superintendent of highways shall move and reset such poles\nand wires. The cost and expenses incurred by the county superintendent\nin removing such obstructions may be recovered by the county from any\nperson or corporation responsible therefor in an action to be instituted\nby the county attorney. And all recoveries under this section shall be\ncredited to the county road fund.\n
N.Y. PEN Law § 180.05 — New York Code / Act PEN / Part 3 / Title K / Article 180 / Section 180.05
Commercial bribe receiving in the second degree
Status: in_force

§ 180.05 Commercial bribe receiving in the second degree.\n  An employee, agent or fiduciary is guilty of commercial bribe\nreceiving in the second degree when, without the consent of his employer\nor principal, he solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from\nanother person upon an agreement or understanding that such benefit will\ninfluence his conduct in relation to his employer's or principal's\naffairs.\n  Commercial bribe receiving in the second degree is a class A\nmisdemeanor.\n
N.Y. MIL Law § 187 — New York Code / Act MIL / Article 9 / Section 187
Armory employees; grades, employment, duties and compensation
Status: in_force

§ 187. Armory employees; grades, employment, duties and compensation.\n1. Positions created to provide for the security, maintenance and\noperation of armories, including the surrounding premises and public\nproperty located therein, notwithstanding the provisions of any other\nlaw, shall be classified and allocated to salary grades for comparable\npositions in the classified service of the state as set forth in section\none hundred thirty of the civil service law.\n  2. Subject to the provisions of this chapter and within the\nappropriation therefor, the adjutant general shall employ, assign,\ntransfer and discharge as many employees of each classification or grade\nas may be necessary. Subject to the approval of the director of the\nbudget, the adjutant general may classify or reclassify, allocate or\nreallocate any position established under subdivision one of this\nsection for the purpose of providing appropriate title, salary grade and\nrate of compensation which may be descriptive of duties and\nresponsibilities.  Notwithstanding any other law or any general or\nspecial statute to the contrary, when salary grades or rates of\ncompensation for the comparable classified service positions of the\nstate as contained in section one hundred thirty of the civil service\nlaw are amended, the salary grades or rates of compensation of positions\nauthorized by subdivision one of this section shall be adjusted\ncorrespondingly.\n  3. Armory employees shall perform duties as prescribed by the adjutant\ngeneral and by the officer in charge and control of the armory in which\nthey are employed.\n  4. The adjutant general is hereby authorized to employ any incumbent\narmory employee appointed pursuant to former section one hundred\neighty-seven of this chapter as it existed on March thirty-first,\nnineteen hundred sixty-one, in a position created pursuant to this\nsection but no such employee shall thereby suffer any diminution in the\nannual amount of compensation received by him on such date.\n
N.Y. MHA Law § 74 — New York Code / Act MHA / Article 5 / Section 74
Tax exemptions
Status: in_force

* § 74. Tax exemptions. 1. An authority shall be exempt from the\npayment of any taxes or fees to the state or any subdivision thereof or\nto any officer or employee of the state or subdivision thereof.\n  2. Bonds and mortgages of an authority are declared to be issued for a\npublic purpose and to be public instrumentalities, and together with\ninterest thereon, shall be exempt from tax.\n  3. The property of an authority shall be exempt from all local and\nmunicipal taxes. A municipality may (a) fix a sum which shall be paid to\nit annually by the authority in respect of each project; or (b) agree\nthat the authority shall not pay or be liable to pay any sum whatsoever\nin respect of a project or projects for any year or years; or (c) agree\nwith an authority or government upon the sum to be paid by the authority\nfor any year or years in respect of a project or projects, or accept or\nagree to accept a fixed sum or other consideration in lieu of such\npayment; provided, however, that the sum fixed, or agreed to be paid by\nthe authority, for any year shall in no case exceed the sum last levied\nas an annual tax upon the property included in such project prior to the\ntime of its acquisition by the authority.\n  * NB The text of Article 5 of the former State Housing Law (cited\nherein as the "Municipal Housing Authorities Law"), as such article\nexisted immediately prior to its repeal pursuant to section 227 of\nChapter 808 of the Laws of 1939, is provided here for ease of reference\nand historical purposes as such text continues to be applicable for the\nNew York City Housing Authority pursuant to the provisions of section\n401 of the current Public Housing Law.\n
N.Y. PEN Law § 120.18 — New York Code / Act PEN / Part 3 / Title H / Article 120 / Section 120.18
Menacing a police officer or peace officer
Status: in_force

§ 120.18 Menacing a police officer or peace officer.\n  A person is guilty of menacing a police officer or peace officer when\nhe or she intentionally places or attempts to place a police officer or\npeace officer in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical\ninjury or death by displaying a deadly weapon, knife, pistol, revolver,\nrifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm, whether operable or not,\nwhere such officer was in the course of performing his or her official\nduties and the defendant knew or reasonably should have known that such\nvictim was a police officer or peace officer.\n  Menacing a police officer or peace officer is a class D felony.\n
N.Y. CPL Law § 130.50 — New York Code / Act CPL / Part 2 / Title H / Article 130 / Section 130.50
Summons; defendant's failure to appear
Status: in_force

§ 130.50  Summons; defendant's failure to appear.\n  If after the service of a summons the defendant does not appear in the\ndesignated local criminal court or superior court at the time such\nsummons is returnable, the court may issue a warrant of arrest.\n
N.Y. NPC Law § 1113 — New York Code / Act NPC / Article 11 / Section 1113
Injunction
Status: in_force

§ 1113. Injunction.\n  (a)  At any stage of an action or special proceeding under this\narticle, the court may, in its discretion, grant an injunction,\neffective during the pendency of the action or special proceeding or\nsuch shorter period as it may specify in the injunction, for one or more\nof the following purposes:\n  (1)  Restraining the corporation and its directors and officers from\nconducting any unauthorized activities and from exercising any corporate\npowers, except by permission of the court.\n  (2)  Restraining the corporation and its directors and officers from\ncollecting or receiving any debt or other property of the corporation,\nand from paying out or otherwise transferring or delivering any property\nof the corporation, except by permission of the court.\n  (3)  Restraining the creditors of the corporation from beginning any\naction against the corporation, or from taking any proceedings in an\naction theretofore commenced, except by permission of the court.  Such\ninjunction shall have the same effect and be subject to the same\nprovisions of law as if each creditor upon whom it is served was named\ntherein.\n
N.Y. AGM Law § 40 — New York Code / Act AGM / Article 3 / Section 40
Penalty for violation of rule or order
Status: in_force

§ 40. Penalty for violation of rule or order. Every person, association\nor corporation and all agents, officers and employees thereof, shall\nobey every order made as provided in this chapter, so long as such order\nshall be in force. A person, association or corporation who shall fail\nby himself, itself or through his or its agents, officers and employees,\nto obey any order of the commissioner, or who shall violate any rule of\nthe department shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding the sum of\nfour hundred dollars for each and every first offense, and a penalty not\nexceeding the sum of eight hundred dollars for a second and each\nsubsequent offense. Every violation of such order, or of the rules of\nthe department, shall be a separate and distinct offense, and in case of\na continuing violation, every day's continuance thereof shall be a\nseparate and distinct offense.\n
N.Y. PBH Law § 2899-S — New York Code / Act PBH / Article 28-F / Section 2899-S
Severability
Status: in_force

* § 2899-s. Severability. If any provision of this article or any\napplication of any provision of this article, is held to be invalid, or\nto violate or be inconsistent with any federal law or regulation, that\nshall not affect the validity or effectiveness of any other provision of\nthis article, or of any other application of any provision of this\narticle, which can be given effect without that provision or\napplication; and to that end, the provisions and applications of this\narticle are severable.\n  * NB Effective August 5, 2026\n
N.Y. GBS Law § 323 — New York Code / Act GBS / Article 20 / Section 323
Penalty
Status: in_force

§ 323. Penalty. A violation of any of the provisions of this article\nshall constitute a misdemeanor.\n
N.Y. JUD Law § 850 — New York Code / Act JUD / Article 22 / Section 850
Designation of judicial hearing officers
Status: in_force

§ 850. Designation of judicial hearing officers. 1. Subject to the\nprovisions of subdivision three of this section and to rules of the\nchief administrator of the courts, any person who has served as a judge\nor justice of a court of record of the unified court system or of a city\ncourt which is not a court of record, but who no longer holds judicial\noffice, may, upon his application, be designated by the chief\nadministrator as a judicial hearing officer upon a determination by the\nchief administrator (a) that the former judge has the mental and\nphysical capacity to perform the duties of such office and (b) that the\nservices of that former judge are necessary to expedite the business of\nthe courts.\n  2. The term of service of a judicial hearing officer shall be fixed by\nthe chief administrator.\n  3. No person who has been removed from a judicial position pursuant to\nsection twenty-two of article six of the constitution may be designated\nas a judicial hearing officer.\n  4. Each person, upon designation as a judicial hearing officer as\nprovided herein, shall file with the chief administrator a sworn\nstatement that such person will faithfully and fairly do such acts and\nmake such determinations and reports as may be required by the\ndesignation as a judicial hearing officer.\n
N.Y. CNT Law § 657 — New York Code / Act CNT / Article 17 / Section 657
Emergency fund
Status: in_force

§ 657. Emergency fund. The board of supervisors shall have power to\nappropriate and set aside a fund for the purpose of paying in advance of\naudit expenditures of a sheriff in an emergency or catastrophe for\nservices and expenses of special deputies and for the hiring of\nequipment and apparatus and the operator thereof. The board may\nauthorize the sheriff to issue orders on the county treasurer for the\npayment thereof and may require a countersignature of the chairman of a\ndesignated committee of such board. It may further direct the rendering\nof an accounting of such expenditures with verified or certified\nvouchers attached and such other conditions and rules as the board may\ndeem proper. The claimant and the sheriff shall be jointly and severally\nliable for any item of expenditure for other than a lawful county\npurpose disallowed upon a final audit to be recovered in an action\nbrought by the board of supervisors in the name of the county.\n
N.Y. GMU Law § 970-K — New York Code / Act GMU / Article 18-C / Section 970-K
Clearance, improvements and site preparation
Status: in_force

§ 970-k. Clearance, improvements and site preparation. (a) A\nmunicipality may demolish or move buildings, structures, or other\nimprovements from any real property acquired. The municipality may\ndevelop as a building site any real property owned or acquired by it. In\nconnection with such development it may cause, provide or undertake or\nmake provision with other agencies for the installation, or construction\nof streets, utilities, parks, playgrounds and other public improvements\nnecessary for carrying out the redevelopment plan.\n  (b) Any work of grading, clearing, demolition, or construction or\ninstallation of public improvements shall be done by contract subject to\nprovisions of state and local law applicable to the letting of public\nworks contracts.  Where the work does not require competitive bids the\nagency may give priority for such work to the residents of such\nredevelopment project areas and to persons displaced from such areas as\na result of redevelopment activities. To the greatest extent feasible,\ncontracts for work to be performed in connection with any redevelopment\nproject shall be awarded to business concerns which are located in, or\nowned in the substantial part, by persons residing in the project area.\nTo the greatest extent feasible, opportunities for training and\nemployment arising from any contract for work to be performed in\nconnection with any redevelopment project shall be given to low-income\npersons who are residents of the project area. The municipality shall\nrequire each successful bidder to file with it good and sufficient\nbonds, to be approved by it. The bonds shall be conditioned upon the\nfaithful performance of the contract and upon the payment of all claims\nfor labor and material in connection with the contract.\n
N.Y. GMU Law § 207-K*2 — New York Code / Act GMU / Article 10 / Section 207-K*2
Disabilities of policemen and firemen in certain cities
Status: in_force

* § 207-k. Disabilities of policemen and firemen in certain cities. a.\nNotwithstanding the provisions of any general, special or local law or\nadministrative code to the contrary, but except for the purposes of\nsections two hundred seven-a and two hundred seven-c of this article,\nthe workers' compensation law and the labor law, any condition of\nimpairment of health caused by diseases of the heart, or by a stroke,\nresulting in total or partial disability or death to a paid member of\nthe uniformed force of a paid police department or fire department,\nwhere such paid policemen or firemen are drawn from competitive civil\nservice lists, who successfully passed a physical examination on entry\ninto the service of such respective department, which examination failed\nto reveal any evidence of such condition, shall be presumptive evidence\nthat it was incurred in the performance and discharge of duty, unless\nthe contrary be proved by competent evidence.\n  b. The provisions of this section shall remain in full force and\neffect to and including the thirtieth day of June, nineteen hundred\nseventy-four.\n  * NB Expired July 1, 1995 per subdivision 2; see retirement and social\nsecurity law § 480 for expiration\n  * NB There are 2 § 207-k's\n
N.Y. HAY Law § 51 — New York Code / Act HAY / Article 3 / Section 51
Repair of highways at railroad crossings
Status: in_force

§ 51. Repair of highways at railroad crossings. Whenever a highway\ncrosses a railroad track at grade and such grade crossing is out of\nrepair, if it is the judgment of the commissioner of transportation, the\nboard of supervisors of a county, the board of aldermen of a city, the\nboard of trustees of a village or the town superintendent of highways of\na town that the same should be repaired, the commissioner of\ntransportation, the board of supervisors of a county, the board of\naldermen of a city, the board of trustees of a village or the town\nsuperintendent of a town may repair and maintain the same and charge the\nexpense thereof to the railroad company over whose railroad such\ncrossing is repaired and maintained, if after fifteen days' notice in\nwriting such railroad company neglects or refuses to repair the same.\n
N.Y. GAS Law § 7 — New York Code / Act GAS / Article 2 / Section 7
Changing articles of association
Status: in_force

§ 7.  Changing articles of association. Any change in the articles of\nassociation of a joint-stock association not inconsistent with law may\nbe made with the consent of all its stockholders, or otherwise, as the\narticles of association may provide.  Unless the articles of association\nof a joint-stock association contain provisions to the contrary, its\ndirectors may be increased or reduced to not less than three; its\ncapital stock may be increased or reduced; or the term of its existence\nmay be extended, with the consent of its stockholders owning at least\ntwo-thirds of its stock issued and outstanding, on the following terms\nand conditions:  The consent of the requisite number of stockholders\nmust be given by vote, or by writing presented and filed, at a regular\nor regularly called special meeting.  Notice of the time and place of\nsuch meeting, with notice of the proposed change, must be personally\nserved on each stockholder of the association at least thirty days\nbefore the meeting, or by mailing it to such stockholder at his\nlast-known post-office address at least sixty days before the meeting.\nThe amount of its capital stock shall not be reduced below the amount of\nits paid-up capital stock, nor shall it be reduced if the liabilities of\nthe association exceed its assets.\n
N.Y. TAX Law § 1827 — New York Code / Act TAX / Article 37 / Part 4 / Section 1827
Commissioner not to be interested in tax sa1e
Status: in_force

§ 1827. Commissioner not to be interested in tax sa1e.--The\ncommissioner, or any person employed in such commissioner's office, who\nshall be directly or indirectly interested in any tax sale made by such\ncommissioner, or in the title acquired by such sale, or in any money\npaid or to be paid for the redemption of any lands sold for taxes by the\ncommissioner or on the cancellation of any such tax sale; or any person\nwho shall pay or give to the commissioner, or to any employee of such\ncommissioner's office, any compensation, reward or promise thereof for\nany service or services performed in regard to such sale, redemption,\ncancellation or such tax title, is guilty of a misdemeanor. A sale in\nviolation of this section is void.\n
N.Y. UCT Law § 410 — New York Code / Act UCT / Article 4 / Section 410
Summons; when service complete
Status: in_force

§ 410. Summons; when service complete.\n  The service of summons is complete when it would be complete in a like\ninstance in an action in the supreme court.\n
N.Y. CPL Law § 245.85 — New York Code / Act CPL / Part 2 / Title J / Article 245 / Section 245.85
Admissibility of discovery
Status: in_force

§ 245.85 Admissibility of discovery.\n  The fact that a party has indicated during the discovery process an\nintention to offer specified evidence or to call a specified witness is\nnot admissible in evidence or grounds for adverse comment at a hearing\nor a trial.\n