N.Y. VAT Law § 1111-C — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 24 / Section 1111-C
Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with bus lane restrictions
Status: in_force

* § 1111-c. Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with bus\nlane restrictions. (a) 1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law,\nthe city of New York is hereby authorized and empowered to establish a\nbus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a\nvehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with bus lane\nrestrictions in such city in accordance with the provisions of this\nsection. The New York city department of transportation or applicable\nmass transit agency, for purposes of the implementation of such program,\nshall operate bus lane photo devices only within designated bus lanes in\nsuch bus rapid transit program. Such bus lane photo devices may be\nstationary or mobile and shall be activated at locations determined by\nsuch department of transportation and/or on buses selected by such\ndepartment of transportation in consultation with the applicable mass\ntransit agency, however, the applicable mass transit agency may also\ninstall no less than fifty mobile bus lane photo devices on buses\noperating on designated bus lanes in such bus rapid transit program\nbelow 96th street in the borough of Manhattan, in consultation with the\nNew York city department of transportation for the purposes of this\nsection.\n  2. Any image or images captured by bus lane photo devices shall be\ninadmissible in any disciplinary proceeding convened by the applicable\nmass transit agency or any subsidiary thereof and any proceeding\ninitiated by the department involving licensure privileges of bus\noperators. Any mobile bus lane photo device mounted on a bus shall be\ndirected outwardly from such bus to capture images of vehicles operated\nin violation of bus lane restrictions, and images produced by such\ndevice shall not be used for any other purpose in the absence of a court\norder requiring such images to be produced.\n  3. (i) The city of New York shall adopt and enforce measures to\nprotect the privacy of drivers, passengers, pedestrians and cyclists\nwhose identity and identifying information may be captured by a bus lane\nphoto device. Such measures shall include:\n  (A) utilization of necessary technologies to ensure, to the extent\npracticable, that photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other\nrecorded images produced by such bus lane photo devices shall not\ninclude images that identify the driver, the passengers, or the contents\nof the vehicle. Provided, however, that no notice of liability issued\npursuant to this section shall be dismissed solely because such a\nphotograph, microphotograph, videotape or other recorded image allows\nfor the identification of the driver, the passengers, or the contents of\na vehicle where the city shows that it made reasonable efforts to comply\nwith the provisions of this paragraph in such case;\n  (B) the installation of signage that is clearly visible to drivers at\nregular intervals along and adjacent to bus lanes stating that mobile\nand/or stationary bus lane photo devices are used to enforce bus lane\nrestrictions, in conformance with standards established in the MUTCD;\nand\n  (C) oversight procedures to ensure compliance with the privacy\nprotection measures under this subdivision.\n  (ii) Photographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded\nimage from a bus lane photo device shall be for the exclusive use of the\ncity of New York for the purpose of the adjudication of liability\nimposed pursuant to this section and of the owner receiving a notice of\nliability pursuant to this section, and shall be destroyed by such city\nupon the final resolution of the notice of liability to which such\nphotographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images\nrelate, or one year following the date of issuance of such notice of\nliability, whichever is later. Notwithstanding the provisions of any\nother law, rule or regulation to the contrary, photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or any other recorded image from a bus lane\nphoto device shall not be open to the public, nor subject to civil or\ncriminal process or discovery, nor used by any court or administrative\nor adjudicatory body in any action or proceeding therein except that\nwhich is necessary for the adjudication of a notice of liability issued\npursuant to this section, and no public entity or employee, officer or\nagent thereof shall disclose such information, except that such\nphotographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded images\nfrom such systems:\n  (A) shall be available for inspection and copying and use by the motor\nvehicle owner and operator for so long as such photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or other recorded images are required to be\nmaintained or are maintained by such public entity, employee, officer or\nagent; and\n  (B) (1) shall be furnished when described in a search warrant issued\nby a court authorized to issue such a search warrant pursuant to article\nsix hundred ninety of the criminal procedure law or a federal court\nauthorized to issue such a search warrant under federal law, where such\nsearch warrant states that there is reasonable cause to believe such\ninformation constitutes evidence of, or tends to demonstrate that, a\nmisdemeanor or felony offense was committed in this state or another\nstate, or that a particular person participated in the commission of a\nmisdemeanor or felony offense in this state or another state, provided,\nhowever, that if such offense was against the laws of another state, the\ncourt shall only issue a warrant if the conduct comprising such offense\nwould, if occurring in this state, constitute a misdemeanor or felony\nagainst the laws of this state; and\n  (2) shall be furnished in response to a subpoena duces tecum signed by\na judge of competent jurisdiction and issued pursuant to article six\nhundred ten of the criminal procedure law or a judge or magistrate of a\nfederal court authorized to issue such a subpoena duces tecum under\nfederal law, where the judge finds and the subpoena states that there is\nreasonable cause to believe such information is relevant and material to\nthe prosecution, or the defense, or the investigation by an authorized\nlaw enforcement official, of the alleged commission of a misdemeanor or\nfelony in this state or another state, provided, however, that if such\noffense was against the laws of another state, such judge or magistrate\nshall only issue such subpoena if the conduct comprising such offense\nwould, if occurring in this state, constitute a misdemeanor or felony in\nthis state; and\n  (3) may, if lawfully obtained pursuant to this clause and clause (A)\nof this subparagraph and otherwise admissible, be used in such criminal\naction or proceeding.\n  (iii) The demonstration program authorized pursuant to this section is\nprohibited from utilizing and from arranging for the utilization of\nbiometric identifying technology, including but not limited to facial\nrecognition technology, for any purpose. The use, and the arrangement\nfor the use, of biometric identifying technology, including but not\nlimited to facial recognition technology, on photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape, or any other recorded image or data\nproduced by a bus lane photo device, by any person for any purpose, are\nprohibited. For purposes of this subparagraph, "person" shall include,\nbut not be limited to, a human being, a public or private corporation,\nan unincorporated association, a partnership, a government or a\ngovernmental instrumentality, a court or an administrative or\nadjudicatory body, and any employee, officer, and agent of the\nforegoing.\n  (iv) Any applicable mass transit agency operating bus lane photo\ndevices shall be prohibited from accessing any photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotapes, other recorded images or data from bus\nlane photo devices but shall provide, pursuant to an agreement with the\ncity of New York, for the proper handling and custody of such\nphotographs, microphotographs, videotapes, other recorded images and\ndata produced by such systems, and for the forwarding of such\nphotographs, microphotographs, videotapes, other recorded images and\ndata to such city for the purpose of determining whether a motor vehicle\nwas operated in violation of bus lane restrictions and imposing monetary\nliability on the owner of such motor vehicle therefor.\n  (v) Every bus upon which a mobile bus lane photo device is installed\nand operated pursuant to a bus rapid transit program authorized pursuant\nto this section shall be equipped with signs, placards or other displays\ngiving notice to approaching motor vehicle operators that bus lane photo\ndevices are used to enforce bus lane restrictions.\n  4. Within the city of New York, such bus lane photo devices may only\nbe operated on designated bus lanes. Warning notices of violation be\nissued during the first sixty days that bus lane photo devices are\noperated on each route in the bus rapid transit program that is\nestablished after June fifteenth, two thousand fifteen.\n  (b) If the city of New York has established a bus rapid transit\nprogram pursuant to subdivision (a) of this section, the owner of a\nvehicle shall be liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section\nif such vehicle was used or operated with the permission of the owner,\nexpress or implied, in violation of any bus lane restrictions that apply\nto routes within such program, and such violation is evidenced by\ninformation obtained from a bus lane photo device; provided however that\nno owner of a vehicle shall be liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to\nthis section where the operator of such vehicle has been convicted of\nthe underlying violation of any bus lane restrictions.\n  (c) For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the\nfollowing meanings:\n  1. "owner" shall have the meaning provided in article two-B of this\nchapter.\n  2. "bus lane photo device" shall mean a device that is capable of\noperating independently of an enforcement officer and produces one or\nmore images of each vehicle at the time it is in violation of bus lane\nrestrictions.\n  3. "bus lane restrictions" shall mean restrictions on the use of\ndesignated traffic lanes by vehicles other than buses imposed on routes\nwithin a bus rapid transit program by local law and signs erected by the\ndepartment of transportation of a city that establishes such a program\npursuant to this section.\n  4. "Bus Rapid Transit Phase I plan" shall mean the following five bus\nrapid transit routes as designated by the New York city department of\ntransportation: Fordham Road, First/Second Avenue, Nostrand Avenue,\nThirty-Fourth Street, Hylan Boulevard, and an undesignated route in the\nborough of Queens not to exceed ten miles.\n  5. "bus rapid transit program" shall mean routes designated by the New\nYork city department of transportation in consultation with the\napplicable mass transit agency, in addition to the Bus Rapid Transit\nPhase I plan routes, that operate on designated bus lanes and that may\ninclude upgraded signage, enhanced road markings, minimum bus stop\nspacing, off-board fare payment, traffic signal priority for buses, and\nany other enhancement that increases bus speed or reliability.\n  6. "designated bus lane" shall mean a lane dedicated for the exclusive\nuse of buses with the exceptions allowed under 4-12(m) and 4-08(a)(3) of\ntitle 34 of the rules of the city of New York.\n  7. "manual on uniform traffic control devices" or "MUTCD" shall mean\nthe manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control\ndevices maintained by the commissioner of transportation pursuant to\nsection sixteen hundred eighty of this chapter.\n  8. "biometric identifying technology" shall mean any tool using an\nautomated or semi-automated process that assists in verifying a person's\nidentity based on a person's biometric information.\n  9. "biometric information" shall mean any measurable physical,\nphysiological or behavioral characteristics that are attributable to a\nperson, including but not limited to facial characteristics, fingerprint\ncharacteristics, hand characteristics, eye characteristics, vocal\ncharacteristics, and any other characteristics that can be used to\nidentify a person including, but not limited to: fingerprints;\nhandprints; retina and iris patterns; DNA sequence; voice; gait; and\nfacial geometry.\n  10. "facial recognition" shall mean any tool using an automated or\nsemi-automated process that assists in uniquely identifying or verifying\na person by comparing and analyzing patterns based on the person's face.\n  (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by\nthe city in which the charged violation occurred, or a facsimile\nthereof, based upon inspection of photographs, microphotographs,\nvideotape or other recorded images produced by a bus lane photo device,\nshall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein. Any\nphotographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images\nevidencing such a violation shall be available for inspection in any\nproceeding to adjudicate the liability for such violation pursuant to\nthis section.\n  (e) An owner liable for a violation of a bus lane restriction imposed\non any route within a bus rapid transit program shall be liable for\nmonetary penalties in accordance with a schedule of fines and penalties\npromulgated by the parking violations bureau of the city of New York.\nThe liability of the owner pursuant to this section shall not exceed\nfifty dollars for a first violation, one hundred dollars for a second\nviolation within a twelve-month period, one hundred fifty dollars for a\nthird violation within a twelve-month period, two hundred dollars for a\nfourth violation within a twelve-month period, and two hundred fifty\ndollars for each subsequent violation within a twelve-month period;\nprovided, further, that an owner shall be liable for an additional\npenalty not to exceed twenty-five dollars for each violation for the\nfailure to respond to a notice of liability within the prescribed time\nperiod.\n  (f) An imposition of liability pursuant to this section shall not be\ndeemed a conviction of an operator and shall not be made part of the\noperating record of the person upon whom such liability is imposed, nor\nshall it be used for insurance purposes in the provision of motor\nvehicle insurance coverage.\n  (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of a bus lane\nrestriction. Personal delivery to the owner shall not be required. A\nmanual or automatic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of\nbusiness shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein.\n  2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of a bus lane\nrestriction, the registration number of the vehicle involved in such\nviolation, the location where such violation took place including the\nstreet address or cross streets, one or more images identifying the\nviolation, the date and time of such violation and the identification\nnumber of the bus lane photo device which recorded the violation or\nother document locator number.\n  3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the\nperson charged of the manner and the time in which he or she may contest\nthe liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability shall also\ncontain a warning to advise the persons charged that failure to contest\nin the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission of\nliability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.\n  4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by the agency\nor agencies designated by the city of New York, or any other entity\nauthorized by such city to prepare and mail such notification of\nviolation.\n  5. Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners by this section\nshall be by the New York city parking violations bureau.\n  (h) If an owner of a vehicle receives a notice of liability pursuant\nto this section for any time period during which such vehicle was\nreported to the police department as having been stolen, it shall be a\nvalid defense to an allegation of liability for a violation of a bus\nlane restriction that the vehicle had been reported to the police as\nstolen prior to the time the violation occurred and had not been\nrecovered by such time. For purposes of asserting the defense provided\nby this subdivision it shall be sufficient that a certified copy of the\npolice report on the stolen vehicle be sent by first class mail to the\nparking violations bureau of such city.\n  (i) 1. An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of\nliability was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall\nnot be liable for the violation of a bus lane restriction, provided\nthat:\n  (i) prior to the violation, the lessor has filed with such parking\nviolations bureau in accordance with the provisions of section two\nhundred thirty-nine of this chapter; and\n  (ii) within thirty-seven days after receiving notice from such bureau\nof the date and time of a liability, together with the other information\ncontained in the original notice of liability, the lessor submits to\nsuch bureau the correct name and address of the lessee of the vehicle\nidentified in the notice of liability at the time of such violation,\ntogether with such other additional information contained in the rental,\nlease or other contract document, as may be reasonably required by such\nbureau pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated for such purpose.\n  2. Failure to comply with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph one of this\nsubdivision shall render the lessor liable for the penalty prescribed in\nthis section.\n  3. Where the lessor complies with the provisions of paragraph one of\nthis subdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on the date of such\nviolation shall be deemed to be the owner of such vehicle for purposes\nof this section, shall be subject to liability for such violation\npursuant to this section and shall be sent a notice of liability\npursuant to subdivision (g) of this section.\n  (j) 1. If the owner liable for a violation of a bus lane restriction\nwas not the operator of the vehicle at the time of the violation, the\nowner may maintain an action for indemnification against the operator.\n  2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no owner of a\nvehicle shall be subject to a monetary fine imposed pursuant to this\nsection if the operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle\nwithout the consent of the owner at the time such operator failed to\nobey a bus lane restriction. For purposes of this subdivision there\nshall be a presumption that the operator of such vehicle was operating\nsuch vehicle with the consent of the owner at the time such operator\nfailed to obey a bus lane restriction.\n  (k) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability\nof an operator of a vehicle for any violation of bus lane restrictions.\n  (l) If the city of New York adopts a bus rapid transit demonstration\nprogram pursuant to subdivision (a) of this section it shall submit a\nreport on the results of the use of bus lane photo devices to the\ngovernor, the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the\nassembly by April first, two thousand twelve and every two years\nthereafter. The city of New York and applicable mass transit agency\nshall also make such reports available on their public-facing websites,\nprovided that they may provide aggregate data from paragraph one of this\nsubdivision if the city finds that publishing specific location data\nwould jeopardize public safety. Such report shall include, but not be\nlimited to:\n  1. a description of the locations and/or buses where bus lane photo\ndevices were used;\n  2. the total number of violations recorded on a monthly and annual\nbasis;\n  3. the total number of notices of liability issued;\n  4. the number of fines and total amount of fines paid after the first\nnotice of liability;\n  5. the number of violations adjudicated and results of such\nadjudications including breakdowns of dispositions made;\n  6. the total amount of revenue realized by such city and any\nparticipating mass transit agency and an itemized list of expenditures\nmade by the participating mass transit agency with these revenues;\n  7. the quality of the adjudication process and its results;\n  8. the total number of cameras by type of camera;\n  9. the total cost to the city and the total cost to any participating\nmass transit agency; and\n  10. a detailed report on the bus speeds, reliability, and ridership\nbefore and after implementation of the bus rapid transit demonstration\nprogram for each bus route, including current statistics.\n  (m) Any revenue from fines and penalties collected pursuant to this\nsection from any mobile bus lane photo devices, not including any\nrevenue shared with the city of New York pursuant to agreement shall be\nremitted by the city of New York to the applicable mass transit agency\non a quarterly basis to be deposited in the general transportation\naccount of the New York city transportation assistance fund established\npursuant to section twelve hundred seventy-i of the public authorities\nlaw.\n  (n) It shall be a defense to any prosecution for a violation of a bus\nlane restriction pursuant to a bus rapid transit program adopted\npursuant to this section that such bus lane photo devices were\nmalfunctioning at the time of the alleged violation.\n  (o) It shall be a defense to any notice of liability issued to the\nowner of a metropolitan transportation authority vehicle for standing,\nstopping, or parking in a bus lane in violation of the applicable\nprovisions of section 4-08 of chapter four of title thirty-four of the\nrules of the city of New York pursuant to a bus rapid transit program\nadopted pursuant to this section that the operator of the vehicle was a\nmetropolitan transportation authority employee performing authorized\nduties involving a metropolitan transportation authority vehicle in such\nbus lane.\n  * NB Repealed July 1, 2028\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1561 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 7 / Title 7 / Section 1561
Actions against the authority
Status: in_force

* § 1561. Actions against the authority. 1. In every action against\nthe authority for damages, for injuries to real or personal property, or\nfor the destruction thereof, or for personal injuries or death, the\ncomplaint shall contain an allegation that at least ninety days have\nelapsed since the demand, claim or claims upon which such action is\nfounded were presented to a member of the authority, or to its\nsecretary, or to its chief executive officer and that the authority has\nneglected or refused to make an adjustment or payment thereof for ninety\ndays after such presentment.\n  2. An action against the authority for damages for injuries to real or\npersonal property, or for the destruction thereof, or for personal\ninjuries or death, alleged to have been sustained, shall not be\ncommenced more than one year after the cause of action therefor shall\nhave accrued, nor unless a notice of intention to commence such action\nand of the time when and place where the damages or personal injuries or\ndeath were incurred or sustained, together with a verified statement\nshowing in detail the property alleged to have been damaged or destroyed\nand the value thereof, or the personal injuries alleged to have been\nsustained and by whom, shall have been filed with the secretary of the\nauthority in the principal office of the authority within six months\nafter such cause of action shall have accrued.\n  * NB Dissolved December 1977\n  * NB There are 2 § 1561's\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1546 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 7 / Title 7 / Section 1546
Definitions
Status: in_force

* § 1546. Definitions. As used or referred to in this title, unless a\ndifferent meaning clearly appears from the context:\n  1. The term "authority" shall mean the corporation created by section\nfifteen hundred forty-seven of this title;\n  2. The term "village" shall mean the village of Tuckahoe;\n  3. The term "bonds" shall mean the bonds authorized in this title;\n  4. The term "board" shall mean the members of the authority;\n  5. The term "real property" shall mean lands, structures, franchises,\nand interest in lands, and any and all things usually included within\nthe said term, and includes not only fees simple absolute but also any\nand all lesser interests, such as easements, rights of way, uses,\nleases, licenses, and all other incorporeal hereditaments and every\nestate, interest or right, legal or equitable, including terms of years,\nand liens thereon by way of judgments, mortgages or otherwise, and also\nclaims for damage to real estate, in the area of the village;\n  6. The term "project" shall mean any area or place operated or to be\noperated by the authority for the parking or storing of motor and other\nvehicles and shall, without limiting the foregoing, include all real and\npersonal property, driveways, roads, approaches, structures, terminals\nof all kinds, garages, meters, mechanical equipment, and all\nappurtenances and facilities either on, above or under the ground which\nare used or usable in connection with such parking or storing of such\nvehicles in the area of the village;\n  7. The term "projects" shall mean more than one project.\n  * NB Dissolved December 1977\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6205 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 125 / Section 6205
Liability of board of trustees and liability of city university of New York
Status: in_force

§ 6205.  Liability of board of trustees and liability of city\nuniversity of New York. 1. The state shall save harmless and indemnify\nmembers of the board of trustees and any duly appointed member of the\nteaching or supervising staff, officer or employee, and a student\nserving on a university or college body or committee which is composed\nof a majority of faculty, administration and trustees, of the senior\ncolleges under the jurisdiction of such board pursuant to section\nseventeen of the public officers law against any claim, demand, suit or\njudgment arising by reason of any act or omission to act by such person\noccurring in the discharge of his duties and within the scope of his\nservice on behalf of such university.\n  2. (a) As used in this subdivision, the term (i) "employee" shall mean\nany person holding a position by appointment or employment at a\ncommunity college under the jurisdiction of the board of trustees,\nwhether or not compensated, or a volunteer expressly authorized to\nparticipate in a sponsored volunteer program of such community colleges,\nand a student serving on a community college body or committee composed\nof a majority of faculty, administration and trustees, but shall not\ninclude an independent contractor. The term employee shall include a\nformer employee, his estate or judicially appointed personal\nrepresentative; (ii) "comptroller" shall mean the comptroller of the\ncity of New York; and (iii) "corporation counsel" shall mean the\ncorporation counsel of the city of New York.\n  (b) Upon compliance by the employee with the provisions of paragraph\n(i) of this subdivision, the city of New York shall provide for the\ndefense of the employee in any civil action or proceeding in any state\nor federal court arising out of any alleged act or omission which\noccurred or is alleged in the complaint to have occurred while the\nemployee was acting within the scope of his public employment or duties,\nor which is brought to enforce a provision of section nineteen hundred\neighty-one or nineteen hundred eighty-three of title forty-two of the\nUnited States code. This duty to provide for a defense shall not arise\nwhere such civil action or proceeding is brought by or on behalf of the\ncity of New York.\n  (c) Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph (b) of this\nsubdivision, the employee shall be entitled to be represented by the\ncity of New York provided, however, that the employee shall be entitled\nto representation by private counsel of his choice in any civil judicial\nproceeding whenever the corporation counsel of the city of New York\ndetermines based upon his investigation and review of the facts and\ncircumstances of the case that representation by the corporation counsel\nwould be inappropriate, or whenever a court of competent jurisdiction,\nupon appropriate motion or by a special proceeding, determines that a\nconflict of interest exists and that the employee is entitled to be\nrepresented by private counsel of his choice. The corporation counsel\nshall notify the employee in writing of such determination that the\nemployee is entitled to be represented by private counsel. The\ncorporation counsel may require, as a condition to payment of the fees\nand expenses of such representation, that appropriate groups of such\nemployees be represented by the same counsel. If the employee or group\nof employees is entitled to representation by private counsel under the\nprovisions of this subdivision, the corporation counsel shall so certify\nto the comptroller of the city of New York. Reasonable attorneys' fees\nand litigation expenses shall be paid by the city of New York to such\nprivate counsel from time to time during the pendency of the civil\naction or proceeding subject to certification that the employee is\nentitled to representation under the terms and conditions of this\nsubdivision by the board of trustees of the city university and upon the\naudit and warrant of the comptroller. Any dispute with respect to\nrepresentation of multiple employees by a single counsel or the amount\nof litigation expenses or the reasonableness of attorneys' fees shall be\nresolved by the court upon motion or by way of a special proceeding.\n  (d) Where the employee delivers process and a request for a defense to\nthe corporation counsel as required by paragraph (i) of this\nsubdivision, the corporation counsel shall take the necessary steps\nincluding the retention of private counsel under the terms and\nconditions provided in paragraph (c) of this subdivision, on behalf of\nthe employee to avoid entry of a default judgment pending resolution of\nany question pertaining to the obligation to provide for a defense.\n  (e) The city of New York shall indemnify and save harmless employees\nof the community colleges of the city university in the amount of any\njudgment obtained against such employees in any state or federal court,\nor in the amount of any settlement of a claim, provided that the act or\nomission from which such judgment or settlement arose, occurred while\nthe employee was acting within the scope of his public employment or\nduties; the duty to indemnify and save harmless prescribed by this\nsubdivision shall not arise where the injury or damage resulted from\nintentional wrongdoing or recklessness on the part of the employee.\n  (f) An employee represented by private counsel shall cause to be\nsubmitted to the board of trustees any proposed settlement which may be\nsubject to indemnification by the city of New York and if not\ninconsistent with the provisions of this subdivision the board of\ntrustees shall certify such settlement and submit such settlement and\ncertification to the corporation counsel. The corporation counsel shall\nreview such proposed settlement as to form and amount, and shall give\nhis approval if in his judgment the settlement is in the best interest\nof the city of New York. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed\nto authorize the city of New York to indemnify or save harmless an\nemployee with respect to a settlement not so reviewed and approved by\nthe board of trustees.\n  (g) Nothing in this subdivision shall authorize the city of New York\nto indemnify and save harmless an employee with respect to punitive or\nexemplary damages, fines or penalties, or money recovered from an\nemployee pursuant to article seven-A of the state finance law.\n  (h) Upon entry of a final judgment against the employee, or upon the\nsettlement of the claim, the employee shall cause to be served a copy of\nsuch judgment or settlement, personally or by certified or registered\nmail within thirty days of the date of entry or settlement, upon the\nboard of trustees; and if not inconsistent with the provisions of this\nsubdivision, such judgment or settlement shall be certified for payment\nby the board of trustees of the city university. If the corporation\ncounsel concurs in such certification, the judgment or settlement shall\nbe paid upon audit and warrant of the comptroller.\n  (i) The duty to defend or indemnify and save harmless prescribed by\nthis subdivision shall be conditioned upon (1) delivery to the\ncorporation counsel at his main business office in the city of New York\nby the employee of the original or a copy of any summons, complaint,\nprocess, notice, demand or pleading within five days after he is served\nwith such document, and (2) the full cooperation of the employee in the\ndefense of such action or proceeding and in defense of any action or\nproceeding against the city university or city of New York based upon\nthe same act or omission, and in the prosecution of any appeal. Such\ndelivery shall be deemed a request by the employee that the board of\ntrustees provide for his defense pursuant to this subdivision.\n  (j) The benefits of this subdivision shall inure only to employees as\ndefined herein and shall not enlarge or diminish the rights of any other\nparty nor shall any provision of this subdivision be construed to\naffect, alter or repeal any provision of the workers' compensation law.\n  (k) This subdivision shall not in any way affect the obligation of any\nclaimant to serve notice of the claim upon the city of New York pursuant\nto any other provision of law.\n  (l) The provisions of this subdivision shall not be construed to\nimpair, alter, limit or modify the rights and obligations of any insurer\nunder any policy of insurance.\n  (m) The provisions of this subdivision shall apply to all actions and\nproceedings pending upon the effective date thereof or thereafter\ninstituted.\n  (n) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this subdivision, the\nprovisions of this subdivision shall not be construed in any way to\nimpair, alter, limit, modify, abrogate or restrict any immunity\navailable to or conferred upon any unit, entity, officer or employee of\nthe city of New York or any other level of government, or any right to\ndefense or indemnification provided for any governmental officer and/or\nemployee by, in accordance with, or by reason of, any other provision of\nstate or federal statutory or common law.\n  (o) If any provision of this subdivision or the application thereof to\nany person or circumstance be held unconstitutional or invalid in whole\nor in part by any court of competent jurisdiction, such holding of\nunconstitutionality or invalidity shall in no way affect or impair any\nother provision of this subdivision or the application of any such\nprovision to any other person or circumstance.\n
N.Y. LAB Law § 602-A — New York Code / Act LAB / Article 18 / Title 7-A / Section 602-A
Outreach
Status: in_force

§ 602-a. Outreach. 1. The commissioner shall have the obligation and\nduty of providing informational materials regarding shared work program\neligibility. Such materials shall be made available on the department's\nwebsite and provided to each employer within the state annually through\nsuch means as the commissioner deems appropriate.\n  2. The department shall conduct outreach to employers within the state\nfor purposes of providing information regarding the benefits of shared\nwork programs, including by remote and in-person information sessions,\ncorrespondence, assistance in completing an application for approval of\na shared work program, and such other means as the commissioner may deem\nappropriate. The department shall consult and coordinate with the\ndepartment of economic development, small business development centers\nand any other relevant agency, department, office, division, board,\nbureau, commission or authority.\n  3. The department shall report to the governor, the temporary\npresident of the senate and the speaker of the assembly on any and all\noutreach efforts made pursuant to this section on an annual basis\nbeginning one year after the effective date of this section.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1563 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 7 / Title 7 / Section 1563
Title not affected if in part unconstitutional or ineffective
Status: in_force

* § 1563. Title not affected if in part unconstitutional or\nineffective.  If any section, clause or provision of this title shall be\nunconstitutional or be ineffective in whole or in part, to the extent\nthat it is not unconstitutional or ineffective, it shall be valid and\neffective and no other section, clause or provision shall on account\nthereof be deemed invalid or ineffective.\n  * NB Dissolved December 1977\n  * NB There are 2 § 1563's\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6452 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 130 / Section 6452
Arthur O
Status: in_force

§ 6452.  Arthur O. Eve opportunity for higher education; state\nuniversity of New York and city university of New York. 1. To provide\nadditional educational opportunity at the state university of New York\nand the city university of New York, such institutions shall provide\nspecial programs for the screening, testing, counseling, and tutoring\nof, and assistance to, residents of the state who are, (1) graduates of\nan approved high school or individuals who have attained a New York\nstate high school equivalency diploma or its equivalent, as determined\nby the commissioner, (2) who have potential for the successful\ncompletion of a post secondary program, and (3) are economically and\neducationally disadvantaged.\n  2. Such universities shall each formulate a general plan for the\norganization, development, co-ordination and operation of such a program\nwithin the amounts made available therefor by law. Such a plan shall\ninclude:\n  a. Definition of eligibility, provided, however, except for requiring\nresidence in the state or in the city of New York in the case of those\nprograms provided by the city university of New York, no such definition\nshall include either by its terms or in its application, any criteria or\nstandard which determines eligibility based in whole or in part upon the\ngeographical locality in which a student or prospective student resides,\n  b. Procedures for the selection of students from among the eligibles,\n  c. Description of the contents of such proposed program including\ncounseling, tutoring and skill development,\n  d. Estimated costs,\n  e. Objectives including co-ordination with the university's long range\nplan,\n  f. Extent of other funds and resources to be utilized in support of\nthe program,\n  g. Procedures for the evaluation of student progress, and\n  h. Periodic reports.\n  3. The general plan shall be transmitted to the board of regents at\nsuch time as the regents shall by rule require. Such plan shall be\nreviewed by the regents and shall guide and determine the operation of\nsuch programs at such universities.\n  4. a. Moneys made available to such universities pursuant to this\nsection shall be spent only for the following purposes:\n  (i) Special testing, counseling and guidance services in the course of\nscreening potential students,\n  (ii) Remedial courses, developmental and compensatory courses and\nsummer classes for such students,\n  (iii) Special tutoring, counseling and guidance services for enrolled\nstudents,\n  (iv) Central services including evaluation and administrative costs,\n  (v) Any necessary supplemental financial assistance, which may include\nthe cost of books and necessary maintenance for such students, including\nstudents without lawful immigration status provided that the student\nmeets the requirements set forth in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph a or\nsubparagraph (ii) of paragraph b of subdivision five of section six\nhundred sixty-one of this chapter, as applicable; provided, however,\nthat such supplemental financial assistance shall be furnished pursuant\nto criteria promulgated by such universities and approved by the regents\nand the director of the budget.\n  b. No funds pursuant to this section shall be made available to\nsupport the regular academic programs of any institution participating\nin this program, nor shall funds be provided for programs which are\nincompatible with the regents plan for the expansion and development of\nhigher education in the state.\n  5. a. The trustees of the state university and board of higher\neducation in the city of New York shall each furnish to the regents, the\ndirector of the budget, the chairman of the senate finance committee and\nthe chairman of the assembly ways and means committee, at least\nannually, a report in such form, at such time and containing such\ninformation as the regents and the director of the budget may require,\nof the operations of such programs. The report shall include:\n  (i) A statement of the objectives of the program at the institution,\n  (ii) A description of the program,\n  (iii) The budgetary expenditures for such program, separately stating\nacademic credit instructional costs, other instructional costs, tutoring\ncosts, remediation, counseling, supplemental financial assistance and\ncentral services, including evaluation and administrative costs,\n  (iv) The extent of other funds and resources used in support of such\nprogram and their sources,\n  (v) The progress of students,\n  (vi) The extent and nature of the responsibility exercised over such\nprogram by such trustees and such board,\n  (vii) The extent and nature of supervision and control exercised over\nsuch program by the administrative officials of the constituent\ninstitutions in such universities,\n  (viii) A certification by such trustees and such board that the\nacademic committees of the constituent institutions of such universities\nand their faculty committees have reviewed and approved the academic\ncontent of the courses offered for academic credit in such program and\nthe amount of academic credit granted therefor and that the registration\nrequirements of the regents and the commissioner have been met where\napplicable.\n  b. The regents shall review such report and forward the same, together\nwith their comments and recommendations to the governor and the\nlegislature, on or before December first next following the close of the\nstate's fiscal year.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6251 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 125-A / Section 6251
Optional retirement program established
Status: in_force

§ 6251. Optional retirement program established.  1. There is hereby\nestablished an optional retirement program which shall provide for the\npurchase of contracts providing retirement and death benefits for or on\nbehalf of electing employees. Under such program the city and such\nemployee shall contribute, to the extent authorized or required, towards\nthe purchase of such contracts, which shall be issued to, and become the\nproperty of, such employees. The board may elect to offer the optional\nretirement program to eligible employees by resolution, which shall\nbecome effective upon approval by the mayor of the city of New York.\n  2. The board shall designate the insurer or insurers to which payment\nof such contributions may be made and shall approve the form and content\nof such contracts. In making such designation and giving such approval\nthe board shall give due consideration to (i) the nature and extent of\nthe rights and benefits to be provided by such contracts for electing\nemployees and their beneficiaries, (ii) the relation of such rights and\nbenefits to the amount of contributions to be made under this article,\n(iii) the suitability of such rights and benefits to the needs and\ninterests of electing employees and to the interests of the city\nuniversity in the employment and retention of eligible employees and\n(iv) the authority and ability of the designated insurer or insurers to\nprovide rights and benefits under such contracts.\n  3. The board is hereby authorized to provide for the administration of\nsuch optional retirement program and to perform or authorize the\nperformance of such functions as may be necessary for such purposes in\naccordance with this article.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 27-0703 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 27 / Title 7 / Section 27-0703
Powers and duties of the department; solid waste management facilities
Status: in_force

§ 27-0703. Powers and duties of the department; solid waste management\n             facilities.\n  1. To the maximum extent feasible, the department shall carry out the\nprovisions of this title so as to facilitate short and long term\nplanning for solid waste disposal, to promote cooperation among\nneighboring localities in the planning and implementation of solid waste\nmanagement programs and facilities, and to facilitate implementation of\nsolutions to solid waste management problems confronted by localities.\n  2. The department shall have the power to: (a) Adopt and promulgate,\namend and repeal rules and regulations governing the operation of solid\nwaste management facilities. Such rules and regulations shall be\ndirected at the prevention or reduction of (i) water pollution, (ii) air\npollution, (iii) noise pollution, (iv) obnoxious odors, (v) unsightly\nconditions caused by uncontrolled release of litter, (vi) infestation of\nflies and vermin, and (vii) other conditions inimical to the public\nhealth, safety and welfare. In promulgating such rules and regulations,\nthe department shall give due regard to the economic and technological\nfeasibility of compliance therewith. Any rule or regulation promulgated\npursuant hereto may differ in its terms and provisions as between\nparticular types of solid waste management facilities and as between\nparticular areas of the state.\n  (b) Provide technical assistance to municipalities and other persons\nengaged in solid waste management and provide training for proper\noperation of solid waste management facilities.\n  (c) Cooperate with appropriate local, state, interstate and federal\nagencies to promote the operation of solid waste management facilities\nin a safe, sanitary, efficient and environmentally sound manner.\n  3. The department shall, in promulgating any new or revised rule or\nregulation, accompany such rule making with an environmental impact\nstatement or a written assessment stating the extent to or means by\nwhich such rule or regulation will prevent or reduce the factors\nidentified in subparagraphs (i) through (vii) of paragraph (a) of\nsubdivision two of this section.\n  4. Siting, design, construction, and operating requirements\nestablished pursuant to subdivision two of this section for solid waste\nmanagement facilities shall be embodied in rules and regulations of the\ndepartment promulgated pursuant to the state administrative procedure\nact.\n  5. The commissioner shall cause program plans to be prepared for all\nsolid waste management assistance programs of the department enacted or\nsubstantially modified by the solid waste management act of 1988 or\nhereafter enacted, for the program of funding small scale, low\ntechnology approaches to resource recovery pursuant to section 51-0905\nof this chapter, and for the local resource reuse and development\nprogram established by section 27-0405 of this article. Such plans shall\nbe consistent with the legislative intent and statutory authorization\nfor such programs. Program plans shall be derived from and shall be\nconsistent with the state solid waste management policy set forth in\nsection 27-0106 of this article. Such plans shall be transmitted to the\ntemporary president and the minority leader of the senate and the\nspeaker and the minority leader of the assembly within ninety days of\nthe effective date of this act or of the effective date of any statute\nauthorizing such program. Program plans shall describe the goals and\nobjectives of each program, operational priorities and administrative\nprocedures to be established in administering each program, shall guide\nthe development of operating procedures and administrative rules and\nregulations governing each program, shall set forth the manner in which\nthe program shall be coordinated with other solid waste management\nprograms and shall set forth a description of the operating\nrelationships with the department of environmental conservation, other\nrelevant agencies and authorities and regional and local public and\nprivate organizations.\n  6. Notwithstanding any other provision of law or rule or regulation to\nthe contrary, the owner or operator of a solid waste management facility\nengaged in the storage of one thousand or more waste tires in existence\non or after the effective date of this subdivision shall submit to the\ndepartment a completed application for a permit to continue to operate\nsuch facility, or cease operations and begin removal of the waste tires\nfrom the facility and dispose of or treat them in a lawful manner\npursuant to a removal plan approved by the department. The owner or\noperator must provide financial assurance to cover the cost of closure\nof the facility at its maximum capacity, in a form and amount acceptable\nto the department, before a permit will be issued. Any owner or operator\nwho obtained a permit pursuant to this subdivision before the effective\ndate of the waste tire management and recycling act of 2003 shall\nprovide such financial assurance within one hundred eighty days of the\neffective date of such act. Failure to provide or maintain financial\nassurance shall be grounds for the denial or revocation of a permit.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 21-0707 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 21 / Title 7 / Section 21-0707
Consent to alteration of diversions
Status: in_force

§ 21-0707. Consent to alteration of diversions.\n  1. Consent of this state to the impairment, diminution or other\nadverse effect on diversions, compensating releases, rights, conditions,\nobligations, and provisions for the administration thereof as\ncontemplated by subdivision three of section three of article three of\nthe compact shall not be given, except with the prior approval of the\nDepartment of Environmental Conservation.\n  2. Except with respect to diversions governed by subdivision one of\nthis section and the provision of the compact referred to therein, the\nprovisions of section 15-1505 of this chapter shall not apply to any\ndiversion or furnishing of water authorized by or made pursuant to the\ncompact.\n
N.Y. PBH Law § 4171 — New York Code / Act PBH / Article 41 / Title 7 / Section 4171
Records; duties of physicians, nurse practitioners, and others to furnish information
Status: in_force

§ 4171. Records; duties of physicians, nurse practitioners, and others\nto furnish information. 1. Physicians, nurse practitioners,\nnurse-midwives, funeral directors, undertakers and informants, and all\nother persons having knowledge of the facts, are hereby required to\nsupply, upon a form provided by the commissioner or upon the original\ncertificate, such information as they may possess regarding any birth or\ndeath upon demand of the commissioner, in person, by mail, or through\nthe registrar.\n  2. No forms shall be used other than those supplied by the\ncommissioner.\n  3. All certificates, either of birth or death, shall be written\nlegibly, in durable black ink, provided, however, that commencing on or\nafter the implementation date under section forty-one hundred\nforty-eight of this article, death certificates shall be completed in\naccordance with section forty-one hundred forty-eight of this article.\nNo certificate, whether filed in paper form or death certificate filed\nelectronically in accordance with section forty-one hundred forty-eight\nof this article, shall be held to be complete and correct that does not\nsupply all of the items of information called for therein, or\nsatisfactorily account for their omission.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1151 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 1151
Definitions
Status: in_force

§ 1151. Definitions. As used or referred to in this title, unless a\ndifferent meaning clearly appears from the context.\n  1. The term "authority" shall mean the corporation created by section\neleven hundred twenty-eight of this title;\n  2. The term "county" shall mean the county of Onondaga;\n  3. The term "treasurer" shall mean the treasurer of the authority;\n  4. The term "comptroller" shall mean the comptroller of the state of\nNew York;\n  5. The term "civil service commission" shall mean the civil service\ncommission of the county of Onondaga;\n  6. The term "properties" shall mean the water supply and distribution\nsystem or systems of the authority, whether situated within or without\nthe territorial limits of the district, including the plants, works,\ninstrumentalities or part thereof and appurtenances thereto, lands,\neasements, rights in land and water rights, rights-of-way, contract\nrights, franchises, approaches, connections, dams, reservoirs, water\nmains and pipe lines, pumping stations and equipment, or any other\nproperty incidental to and included in such system or part thereof, and\nany improvements, extensions and betterments;\n  7. The term "bonds" shall mean the bonds, notes and obligations,\nissued by the authority, pursuant to this act;\n  8. The term "revenues" shall mean all rents, charges and other income\nderived from the operation of the properties of the authority;\n  9. The term "municipality" shall mean any county, city, town, village,\ntown water district, fire district, fire protection district, fire alarm\ndistrict, school district, and any other political subdivision of the\nstate.\n  10. The term "district" shall mean the Onondaga county water authority\ndistrict created by section eleven hundred twenty-seven of this title.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 33-0719 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 33 / Title 7 / Section 33-0719
Suspension of pesticide registration
Status: in_force

§ 33-0719. Suspension of pesticide registration.\n  Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, the commissioner\nmay, by order, suspend the registration of a pesticide immediately when\nhe finds that such action is necessary to prevent an imminent hazard to\nthe public or any other non-target organism.  In such case, he shall\ngive the registrant prompt notice of such action and afford the\nregistrant the opportunity to have the matter submitted to an advisory\ncommittee and for an expedited hearing under this article.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1174-I — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 5 / Title 7-A / Section 1174-I
Remedies of bondholders
Status: in_force

§ 1174-i. Remedies of bondholders. 1. In the event that the authority\nshall default in the payment of principal of or interest on any issue of\nthe bonds after the same shall become due, whether at maturity or upon\ncall for redemption, and such default shall continue for a period of\nthirty days, or in the event that the authority shall fail or refuse to\ncomply with the provisions of this title, or shall default in any\nagreement made with the holders of any issue of the bonds, the holders\nof twenty-five per centum in aggregate principal amount of the bonds of\nsuch issue then outstanding, by instrument or instruments filed in the\noffice of the clerk of the applicable county and proved or acknowledged\nin the same manner as a deed to be recorded, may appoint a trustee to\nrepresent the holders of such bonds for the purposes herein provided.\n  2. Such trustee may, and upon written request of the holders of\ntwenty-five per centum in principal amount of such bonds outstanding\nshall, in his or her own name:\n  (a) by action or proceeding in accordance with the civil practice law\nand rules, enforce all rights of the bondholders and require the\nauthority to carry out any other agreements with the holders of such\nbonds and to perform its duties under this title;\n  (b) bring an action or proceeding upon such bonds;\n  (c) by action or proceeding, require the authority to account as if it\nwere the trustee of an express trust for the holders of such bonds;\n  (d) by action or proceeding, enjoin any acts or things which may be\nunlawful or in violation of the rights of the holders of such bonds; and\n  (e) declare all such bonds due and payable, and if all defaults shall\nbe made good, then with the consent of the holders of twenty-five per\ncentum of the principal amount of such bonds then outstanding, annul\nsuch declaration and its consequences.\n  3. Such trustee shall in addition to the foregoing have and possess\nall of the powers necessary or appropriate for the exercise of any\nfunctions specifically set forth herein or incidental to the general\nrepresentation of bondholders in the enforcement and protection of their\nrights.\n  4. The state supreme court shall have jurisdiction of any action or\nproceeding by the trustee on behalf of such bondholders.\n  5. Before declaring the principal of bonds due and payable, the\ntrustee shall first give thirty days' notice in writing to the\nauthority.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6280 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 125-B / Section 6280
Actions against fund
Status: in_force

§ 6280. Actions against fund.  (a) Except in an action for wrongful\ndeath, an action against the fund for personal injury or property damage\nor founded on tort shall not be commenced more than one year and ninety\ndays after the cause of action therefor shall have accrued, nor unless a\nnotice of claim shall have been served on a trustee of the fund or\nofficer or employee thereof designated by the fund for such purpose,\nwithin the time limited by, and in compliance with the requirements of,\nsection fifty-e of the general municipal law. An action against the fund\nfor wrongful death shall be commenced in accordance with the notice of\nclaim and time limitation provisions of title eleven of article nine of\nthe public authorities law.\n  (b) The venue of every action, suit or special proceeding brought\nagainst the fund shall be laid in the county in which the cause of\naction arose for all claims which arise within the city of New York, or\nin the county of New York.\n  (c) Neither any trustee of the fund nor any officer, employee, or\nagent of the fund, while acting within the scope of his authority, shall\nbe subject to any personal liability resulting from the providing of\nfacilities for the city university or from any other exercise or\ncarrying out of any of the fund's purposes or powers.\n  (d) Upon an appeal taken by the city university construction fund in\nany action or other proceeding to which the fund is a party, the service\nof notice of appeal shall perfect the appeal and shall stay the\nexecution of the judgment or order appealed from without any undertaking\nor other security being furnished by the fund.\n  (e) No provision of this article shall be construed as a defense and\nindemnification provision within the meaning of section eighteen of the\npublic officers law or any other similar law or as otherwise precluding\nany employee, as defined in said section of the public officers law, of\nthe fund from recourse to the provisions thereof.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1197 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 31 / Section 1197
Special traffic options program for driving while intoxicated
Status: in_force

§ 1197. Special traffic options program for driving while intoxicated.\n"The program", as used in this section, shall mean the special traffic\noptions program for driving while intoxicated, a program established\npursuant to this section, and approved by the commissioner of motor\nvehicles. 1. Program establishment.  (a) Where a county establishes a\nspecial traffic options program for driving while intoxicated, pursuant\nto this section, it shall receive fines and forfeitures collected by any\ncourt, judge, magistrate or other officer within that county, including,\nwhere appropriate, a hearing officer acting on behalf of the\ncommissioner: (1) imposed for violations of subparagraphs (ii) and (iii)\nof paragraph (a) of subdivision two or subparagraph (i) of paragraph (a)\nof subdivision three of section five hundred eleven of this chapter; (2)\nimposed in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred\nninety-three and civil penalties imposed pursuant to subdivision two of\nsection eleven hundred ninety-four-a of this article, including, where\nappropriate, a hearing officer acting on behalf of the commissioner,\nfrom violations of sections eleven hundred ninety-two, eleven hundred\nninety-two-a and findings made under section eleven hundred\nninety-four-a of this article; and (3) imposed upon a conviction for:\naggravated vehicular assault, pursuant to section 120.04-a of the penal\nlaw; vehicular assault in the first degree, pursuant to section 120.04\nof the penal law; vehicular assault in the second degree, pursuant to\nsection 120.03 of the penal law; aggravated vehicular homicide, pursuant\nto section 125.14 of the penal law; vehicular manslaughter in the first\ndegree, pursuant to section 125.13 of the penal law; and vehicular\nmanslaughter in the second degree, pursuant to section 125.12 of the\npenal law, as provided in section eighteen hundred three of this\nchapter. In addition, any surcharges imposed pursuant to section\neighteen hundred nine-c and paragraph b of subdivision one of section\neighteen hundred nine-e of this chapter shall be paid to such county in\nsuch manner and for such purposes as provided for in this section. Upon\nreceipt of these moneys, the county shall deposit them in a separate\naccount entitled "special traffic options program for driving while\nintoxicated" and they shall be under the exclusive care, custody and\ncontrol of the chief fiscal officer of each county participating in the\nprogram.\n  (b) Expenditures from such account shall only be made pursuant to the\napproval of a county program by the commissioner of motor vehicles. The\nchief fiscal officer of each participating county shall, on a quarterly\nbasis, forward to the commissioner a written certificate of moneys\nexpended from such account.\n  2. Program organization. (a) Where a program is established by a\ncounty, it shall be organized by a coordinator for the special traffic\noptions program for driving while intoxicated, who shall be designated\nby the chief executive officer of the county, if there be one, otherwise\nthe chairman of the governing board of the county, or in the city of New\nYork, a person designated by the mayor thereof. Where a coordinator is\ndesignated, the coordinator shall receive such salary and expenses as\nthe board of legislators or other governing body of such county may fix\nand properly account for such expenses and shall serve at the pleasure\nof such appointing body or officer.\n  (b) In counties having a county traffic safety board, the chief\nexecutive officer, if there be one, otherwise the chairman of the\ngoverning board of the county or the mayor of the city of New York, may\ndesignate the chairman of the board or a member thereof as coordinator\nof the program.\n  3. Purposes. (a) The program shall provide a plan for coordination of\ncounty, town, city and village efforts to reduce alcohol-related traffic\ninjuries and fatalities.\n  (b) The program shall, where approved by the county board or other\ngoverning body, provide funding for such activities as the board or\nother body may approve, for the above-described purposes.\n  4. Duties of the coordinator; reports. (a) It shall be the duty of the\ncoordinator to:\n  (1) Render annually or at the request of the county legislature or\nother governing body of the county, a verified account of all moneys\nreceived and expended by the coordinator or under the coordinator's\ndirection and an account of other pertinent matters.\n  (2) Submit annually or upon request of the chief fiscal officer of\neach county participating in the program, in such manner as may be\nrequired by law, an estimate of the funds required to carry out the\npurposes of this section.\n  (3) Make an annual report to the commissioner, which shall be due on\nor before the first day of April of each year following the\nimplementation of said program, and shall include the following:\n  a. the progress, problems and other matters related to the\nadministration of said program; and\n  b. an assessment of the effectiveness of the program within the\ngeographic area of the county participating therein and any and all\nrecommendations for expanding and improving said program.\n  (b) Any annual report shall also contain the following, in a form\nprescribed by the commissioner:\n  (1) Number of arrests for violations of section eleven hundred\nninety-two of this article and subdivision two of section five hundred\neleven of this chapter;\n  (2) Number and description of dispositions resulting therefrom;\n  (3) Number of suspensions issued in the county for alleged refusals to\nsubmit to chemical tests;\n  (4) Total fine moneys returned to the participating county in\nconnection with the program;\n  (5) Contemplated programs;\n  (6) Distribution of moneys in connection with program adminstration;\n  (7) Any other information required by the commissioner.\n  5. Functions of the coordinator. In addition to the duties of the\ncoordinator as provided in subdivision four of this section, the\ncoordinator shall perform the following functions:\n  (a) Formulate a special traffic options program for driving while\nintoxicated and coordinate efforts of interested parties and agencies\nengaged in alcohol traffic safety, law enforcement, adjudication,\nrehabilitation and preventive education.\n  (b) Receive proposals from county, town, city or village agencies or\nnon-governmental groups for activities related to alcohol traffic safety\nand to submit them to the county board of legislators or other such\ngoverning body, together with a recommendation for funding of the\nactivity if deemed appropriate.\n  (c) Cooperate with and assist local officials within the county in the\nformulation and execution of alcohol traffic safety programs including\nenforcement, adjudication, rehabilitation and education.\n  (d) Study alcohol traffic safety problems with the county and\nrecommend to the appropriate legislative bodies, departments or\ncommissions, such changes in rules, orders, regulations and existing law\nas the coordinator may deem advisable.\n  (e) Promote alcohol and drug-related traffic safety education for\ndrivers.\n  (f) Obtain and assemble data on alcohol-related accident arrests,\nconvictions and accidents and to analyze, study, and consolidate such\ndata for educational, research and informational purposes.\n  6. County purpose and charge. The provisions of this section and\nexpenditures made hereunder shall be deemed a county purpose and charge.\n  7. Program approval. The program, including a proposed operational\nbudget, shall be submitted by each county coordinator to the\ncommissioner for approval. The commissioner shall consider the following\nbefore approving said program:\n  (a) The interrelationship of such program with existing drunk driving\nrelated programs in areas including, but not limited to, law\nenforcement, prosecution, adjudication and education.\n  (b) Avoidance of duplication of existing programs funded or operated\nby either the state or any municipality including, but not limited to,\nthe alcohol and drug rehabilitation program, established under section\neleven hundred ninety-six of this article.\n  (c) All other factors which the commissioner shall deem necessary.\n  8. Duties of the commissioner. (a) The commissioner shall compile the\nreports submitted by the county coordinators and shall issue a\ncomprehensive report on such programs to the governor and to the\nlegislature.\n  (b) The commissioner shall monitor all programs to ensure satisfactory\nimplementation in conjunction with the established program application\ngoals.\n  9. Program cessation. When a participating county wishes to cease its\nprogram, the coordinator shall notify the commissioner in writing of the\ndate of termination and all money remaining in the fund established by\nthat county pursuant to subdivision one of this section on such date\nshall be transferred to the general fund of the state treasury. All\nfines and forfeitures collected pursuant to the provisions of this\nsection on and after the termination date shall be disposed of in\naccordance with subdivision one of section eighteen hundred three of\nthis chapter.\n  10. Program audit. The comptroller is authorized to conduct audits of\nany program established pursuant to this section for the purposes of\ndetermining compliance with the provisions of this section and with\ngenerally accepted accounting principles.\n
N.Y. ELN Law § 5-708 — New York Code / Act ELN / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 5-708
Change of voter status; reports of
Status: in_force

§ 5-708. Change of voter status; reports of. 1. It shall be the duty\nof the state health department and the department of health of the city\nof New York to deliver to the state board of elections, at least\nmonthly, records, in a format as mutually determined by both agencies,\nof the names of all persons of voting age for whom death certificates\nwere issued. Such records shall be arranged by county of residence and\nshall include the name, residence address and birth date of each such\nperson.\n  2. It shall be the duty of every court having jurisdiction over such\nmatters, or the office of court administration, to transmit to the\nappropriate board of elections or, in the discretion of the office of\ncourt administration, to the state board of elections, at least\nquarterly, the names, residence addresses and birthdates of all persons\nfor whom convictions or revocations of probation or conditional\ndischarge result in loss of voting privileges pursuant to the provisions\nof section 5-106 of this article. Such transmittals shall be in a format\nas mutually determined by such agencies and the state board of\nelections.\n  3. It shall be the duty of every court having jurisdiction over such\nmatters or the office of court administration to transmit to the\nappropriate board of elections or, in the discretion of the office of\ncourt administration, to the state board of elections, at least\nquarterly, of the name, residence address and birthdate of any person of\nvoting age who has been adjudicated as incompetent.\n  4. a. If a board of elections receives any notices pursuant to the\nprovisions of subdivisions two and three of this section which set forth\na residence address outside of the city or county of such board's\njurisdiction, it shall, at least once a month, transmit such notices to\nthe appropriate board of elections, or, if such address is outside the\nstate, to the state board of elections.\n  b. The state board shall arrange such notices and the names received\npursuant to the other provisions of this section by county of residence\nand transmit such notices and any notices of conviction for a felony\nreceived from a United States attorney to the appropriate board of\nelections.\n  c. If any such notices, or names received pursuant to the other\nprovisions of this section, set forth a residence address outside New\nYork state, the state board shall transmit such notices to the chief\nstate election official of such state at such times and in such manner\nas it deems appropriate.\n  5. a. At least once each year during the month of February, each board\nof elections shall obtain through the National Change of Address System,\nthe forwarding address for every voter registered with such board of\nelections for whom the United States Postal Service has such a\nforwarding address together with the name of each such voter whom the\nPostal Service records indicate has moved from the address at which he\nis registered without leaving a forwarding address.\n  b. The state board of elections shall obtain such information for\nthose boards of elections which request it do so. Such a request must be\nmade not later than April first. Each board which makes such a request\nshall supply the list of voters registered with such board in a format\nprescribed by the state board. Each such board shall reimburse the state\nboard for the fees it disburses to obtain such information if such fee\nexceeds two hundred fifty dollars.\n  c. If the information received through the National Change of Address\nSystem indicates that a voter has moved to an address outside such\ncounty or city, or has moved without leaving a forwarding address, the\nboard of elections shall, not later than June first, send such voter the\nconfirmation notice prescribed by section 5-712 of this title and place\nsuch voter in inactive status pursuant to section 5-213 of this article.\n  d. If the information received through the National Change of Address\nSystem indicates that a voter has moved to another address in such\ncounty or city, the board of elections shall transfer the registration\nof such voter to such new address pursuant to the provisions of section\n5-208 of this article and send such voter the notice prescribed by such\nsection 5-208.\n  6. It shall be the duty of the appropriate officers of a city, town or\nvillage to notify the appropriate board of elections of any action by\nsuch city, town or village which shall affect or change the name or\nstreet numbers of any street located within such city, town or village.\nUpon receipt of such information the board of elections shall make the\nnecessary changes in the addresses of the voters registered from\naddresses wherein such change of street name or street numbers was\neffected.\n  7. The real property assessment bureau of the department of finance of\nthe city of New York shall notify the board of elections in the city of\nNew York of each residence which, because of abandonment, demolition or\nvacancy, no longer contains a potential voter.\n
N.Y. SOS Law § 431 — New York Code / Act SOS / Article 6 / Title 7 / Section 431
Licensure
Status: in_force

§ 431.  Licensure.  1.  No place, person, association, corporation,\ninstitution or agency shall operate a day services program without first\nobtaining a permit issued therefor by the department, or otherwise than\nin accordance with the terms of such  permit and with the regulations of\nthe department.\n  2.  The department shall promulgate regulations specifying the\nprocedures for obtaining a permit required pursuant to this section and\nenumerating the documentation needed for such a permit.  The regulations\nshall also include program standards which the department shall develop\nwith the advice of the board of social welfare, the department of mental\nhygiene and the department of education.  An application for a permit\npursuant to this section shall include full information regarding the\napplicant's efforts to secure funding for its day services program.  The\ndepartment shall advise and otherwise assist the applicant in obtaining\nfunds where such funds may be available under the provisions of this and\nany other law.\n  3.  The department shall not issue a permit for the operation of a day\nservices program which includes the provision of care, treatment or\nservices requiring licensure or any other form of approval from or by\nanother state agency or official, unless such license or approval has\nbeen obtained.  There shall be such cooperative and coordinated\narrangements between and among the department and the state departments\nof mental hygiene and education and other appropriate state departments\nand agencies as shall be necessary to assure that applications for\nrequired licenses or other forms of approval will be processed\nexpeditiously.\n  4.  Before any permit issued pursuant to this section is suspended or\nrevoked, or when an application for such permit is denied, the applicant\nor holder of the permit shall be entitled, pursuant to the regulations\nof the department, to a hearing before the department.  However, a\npermit may be temporarily suspended or limited without a hearing for a\nperiod not in excess of thirty days upon written notice to the holder of\nthe permit following a finding that the public health, or any\nindividual's health, safety or welfare, is in imminent danger.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6437 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 129-A / Section 6437
Prohibition on the marketing of credit cards
Status: in_force

§ 6437. Prohibition on the marketing of credit cards. Each college\nshall prohibit the advertising, marketing, or merchandising of credit\ncards on college campuses to students, except pursuant to an official\ncollege credit card marketing policy. An official college credit card\nmarketing policy may include:\n  1. registration of on-campus credit card marketers;\n  2. limiting credit card marketers to specific dates and specific areas\nof the campus as designated by the college;\n  3. prohibiting credit card marketers from offering gifts to a student\nin exchange for completing a credit card application; and\n  4. informing students about good credit management practices through\nprograms which may include workshops, seminars, discussion groups, and\nfilm presentations.\n
N.Y. LFN Law § 90.00 — New York Code / Act LFN / Article 2 / Title 7 / Section 90.00
Refunding of bonds
Status: in_force

§ 90.00 Refunding of bonds. a. 1. A municipality, school district or\ndistrict corporation may issue serial bonds to refund bonds issued on or\nafter January first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, other than bonds\nissued to redeem notes, certificates or other evidences of indebtedness\nissued prior to January first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, in\nanticipation of such bonds. The last installment of such refunding bonds\nissued to refund bonds issued pursuant to the social services law, or\nthe former social welfare law, or the former public welfare law, for the\npurpose of safety net assistance, as defined in such laws, shall mature\nwithin ten years after the date of issue of the bonds to be refunded. In\nall other cases the last installment of such refunding bonds shall\nmature not later than the expiration of the maximum period of probable\nusefulness permitted by law at the time of the issuance of the bonds to\nbe refunded or the refunding bonds for the object or purpose for which\nthe bonds to be refunded were issued. Such period shall be computed from\nthe date of issuance of the bonds to be refunded or from the date of\nissuance of the first bond anticipation note issued in anticipation of\nsuch bonds, whichever date is the earlier.\n  2. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this\nparagraph, bonds issued by a school district prior to December first two\nthousand one, or prior to thirty days after the effective date of this\nsubdivision, whichever is later, for the purpose of financing facilities\nwhich were eligible for building aid pursuant to section thirty-six\nhundred two of the education law, and for which the aid apportionments\npayable in two thousand two--two thousand three and/or two thousand\nthree--two thousand four school years for approved expenditures for debt\nservice are subsequently reduced as a result of the application of\nassumed amortization to unpaid principal outstanding as of July first,\ntwo thousand two, may be refunded and the refunding bonds may be sold at\neither public or private sale in accordance with the provisions of\nsection 90.10 of this title; provided, however, the school district need\nnot comply with: (i) subparagraph (a) of subdivision two of paragraph b\nof section 90.10 of this title; and (ii) if the bonds to be refunded are\nto be redeemed or paid on the same date as the refunding bonds are\nissued, the school district need not comply with the provisions of\nsection 90.10 of this title relating to the escrow of the proceeds of\nthe sale of the refunding bonds.\n  3. Refunding bonds shall not be issued to refund bonds issued to\nfinance an object or purpose which, at the time of the issuance of such\nbonds, had a period of probable usefulness of five years or less.\n  4. If a budgetary appropriation has been made for the payment of the\nprincipal on bonds, such maturity shall not be included in a refunding\nbond issue.\n  b. The maturities and amount of such refunding bonds shall be so\narranged that the combined amount of:\n  1. The bonds of the original issue, and\n  2. Refunding bonds previously issued to refund bonds of the original\nissue, if any,\nto be redeemed by an appropriation other than from the proceeds of\nrefunding bonds during the year of refunding and the combined amount of:\n  1. The bonds of the original issue,\n  2. Such refunding bonds, and\n  3. Refunding bonds previously issued to refund bonds of the original\nissue, if any,\nto be redeemed by an appropriation other than from the proceeds of\nrefunding bonds in each succeeding year thereafter is not more than\nfifty per centum in excess of the combined amount of:\n  1. The bonds of the original issue,\n  2. Such refunding bonds, and\n  3. Refunding bonds previously issued to refund bonds of the original\nissue, if any,\nredeemed or to be redeemed during any preceding year by an appropriation\nother than from the proceeds of refunding bonds.\n  b-1. Refunding bonds need not comply with paragraph b of this section\nprovided that no annual installment of each separate series of refunding\nbonds shall be more than fifty per centum in excess of the smallest\nprior installment or the finance board of the municipality, school\ndistrict or district corporation issuing the bonds shall have determined\nto use a substantially level or declining annual debt service schedule\nfor the refunding bonds. The amount of annual installments of the\nrefunding bonds may be determined without reference to the stated\nmaturities of the bonds to be refunded.\n  c. 1. Bonds issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred\nthirty-nine, shall not be refunded within five years after the date of\noriginal issue. This restriction shall not apply to bonds issued by the\ncity of New York, bonds issued by the county of Nassau for the objects\nor purposes described in subdivision thirty-three-a of paragraph a of\nsection 11.00 of this chapter or to bonds issued to refund:\n  (i) Bonds issued, or\n  (ii) Bonds issued to redeem notes, certificates or other evidences of\ntemporary indebtedness issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred\nthirty-nine.\n  * 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this\nparagraph and subdivision three of paragraph a of this section, bonds\nmay be refunded and the refunding bonds may be sold at either public or\nprivate sale where the present value of the refunding bonds is less than\nthe present value of the bonds to be refunded computed in accordance\nwith subparagraph (a) of subdivision two of paragraph b of section 90.10\nof this title and where the issuer complies with all other requirements\nof such section; provided, however, that if such bonds are being sold to\nthe New York state environmental facilities corporation in connection\nwith a hardship state revolving fund financing at a rate equal to zero\npercent, compliance with subparagraph (a) of subdivision two of\nparagraph b of section 90.10 of this title shall not be required;\nprovided further, however, that if the bonds to be refunded are to be\nredeemed or paid on the same date as the refunding bonds are issued, the\nissuer need not comply with the provisions of section 90.10 of this\ntitle relating to the escrow of the proceeds of the sale of the\nrefunding bonds.\n  * NB Effective until September 30, 2026\n  * 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this\nparagraph and subdivision three of paragraph a of this section, bonds\nmay be refunded and the refunding bonds may be sold at either public or\nprivate sale where the present value of the refunding bonds is less than\nthe present value of the bonds to be refunded computed in accordance\nwith subparagraph (a) of subdivision two of paragraph b of section 90.10\nof this title and where the issuer complies with all other requirements\nof such section; provided, however, that if the bonds to be refunded are\nto be redeemed or paid on the same date as the refunding bonds are\nissued, the issuer need not comply with the provisions of section 90.10\nof this title relating to the escrow of the proceeds of the sale of the\nrefunding bonds.\n  * NB Effective September 30, 2026\n  d. With the approval of and on terms and conditions prescribed by the\nstate comptroller, a municipality, school district or district\ncorporation may issue bonds to refund:\n  1. Bonds issued,\n  2. Bonds issued to redeem notes, certificates or other evidences of\ntemporary indebtedness issued, or\n  3. Bonds issued to refund bonds issued\nprior to January first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, but in no event\nshall such refunding bonds mature later than twenty years after the date\nthereof. The provisions of section 21.00 of this chapter shall not apply\nto this paragraph.\n  e. The issuance of refunding bonds shall be authorized by a "refunding\nbond resolution". The title of such resolution shall state that the\nbonds to be authorized thereby are "refunding bonds".\n  f. Such a resolution shall contain, in substance, the following\nprovisions:\n  1. The amount of refunding bonds to be issued.\n  2. A description and the date of the bonds to be refunded.\n  3. If the bonds to be refunded are bonds which were issued on or after\nJanuary first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, other than bonds issued to\nredeem notes, certificates or other evidences of temporary indebtedness\nissued prior to January first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, in\nanticipation of such bonds, a statement of the maximum period of\nprobable usefulness, at the time of the issuance of the bonds to be\nrefunded, of the object or purpose for which such bonds were issued.\n  4. A statement of the proposed maturities of such refunding bonds.\n  g. The provisions of this chapter relating to the authorization, form\nand contents, sale, execution and issuance of bonds other than refunding\nbonds, shall apply to the authorization, form and contents, sale,\nexecution and issuance of refunding bonds, except that:\n  1. The provisions of section 107.00 of this chapter shall not apply to\nthe issuance of refunding bonds.\n  2. The authorization of the issuance of refunding bonds shall not be\nsubject to a mandatory or permissive referendum.\n  3. Outstanding bonds may, pursuant to a power to recall and redeem or\nwith the consent of the holders thereof, be exchanged for refunding\nbonds (i) if the refunding bonds are to bear interest at a rate equal to\nor lower than that borne by the bonds to be refunded or (ii) if, in the\ncase of the city of New York prior to July first, two thousand\ntwenty-seven, the annual payment required for principal and interest on\nthe refunding bond is less than the annual payment required for\nprincipal and interest on the bond to be refunded, in each case such\nannual payments to be determined by dividing the total principal and\ninterest payments due over the remaining life of the bond by the number\nof years to maturity of the bond or (iii) if the bonds to be refunded\nwere issued by the city of New York after June thirtieth, nineteen\nhundred seventy-eight and prior to July first, two thousand twenty-seven\nand contain covenants referring to the existence of the New York state\nfinancial control board for the city of New York or any other covenants\nrelating to matters other than the prompt payment of principal and\ninterest on the obligations when due and the refunding bond omits or\nmodifies any such covenant.\n  4. All refunding bonds shall contain a recital that they are issued\npursuant to this chapter, which recital shall be conclusive evidence of\ntheir validity and of the regularity of their issuance.\n  h. The authority herein granted to authorize the issuance of refunding\nbonds shall in no way be affected by the invalidity of or any\nirregularity in any proceedings authorizing the issuance of the bonds to\nbe refunded, except that refunding bonds shall not be issued to refund\nbonds adjudged invalid by the final judgment of a court of competent\njurisdiction.\n  i. 1. Refunding bonds issued subsequent to January first, nineteen\nhundred thirty-nine to refund:\n  (a) Bonds issued, or\n  (b) Bonds issued to redeem notes, certificates or other evidences of\ntemporary indebtedness issued\nprior to January first, nineteen hundred thirty-nine, may be refunded by\nthe issuance of refunding bonds, but such refunding bonds shall mature\nnot later than twenty years from the date of the original refunding\nbonds. Such refunding bonds shall be issued only with the approval of\nand on terms and conditions prescribed by the state comptroller.\n  2. All other refunding bonds issued on or after January first,\nnineteen hundred thirty-nine, shall not be refunded.\n  j. Bond anticipation notes shall not be issued in anticipation of the\nsale of refunding bonds.\n  k. The premium, if any, resulting from the public sale of refunding\nbonds may be expended for (1) the payment of the costs of the issuance\nof such refunding bonds, including, but not limited to, legal fees,\nprinting or engraving and publication of notices, and (2) the payment of\nthe principal of and interest on such refunding bonds.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1153 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 27 / Section 1153
Provisions relating to blind or visually impaired persons
Status: in_force

§ 1153. Provisions relating to blind or visually impaired persons.\n(a) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this article every\ndriver of a vehicle approaching an intersection or crosswalk shall yield\nthe right of way to a pedestrian crossing or attempting to cross the\nroadway when such pedestrian is accompanied by a guide dog or using a\ncane which is metallic or white in color or white with a red tip.\n  (b) No person, unless blind or visually impaired, shall use on any\nstreet or highway a cane which is metallic or white in color or white\nwith a red tip.\n  (c) This section shall not be construed as making obligatory the\nemployment of the use of a guide dog or of a cane or walking stick of\nany kind by a person blind or visually impaired.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1174-R — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 5 / Title 7-A / Section 1174-R
Separability clause
Status: in_force

§ 1174-r. Separability clause. If any section, clause or provision in\nthis title shall be held by a competent court to be unconstitutional or\nineffective in whole or in part, to the extent that it is not\nunconstitutional or ineffective, it shall be valid and effective, and no\nother section, clause or provision shall on account thereof be deemed\ninvalid or ineffective.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1274 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 34-C / Section 1274
Riding on roadways, shoulders and lanes reserved for non-motorized vehicles and devices
Status: in_force

§ 1274. Riding on roadways, shoulders and lanes reserved for\nnon-motorized vehicles and devices. 1. Upon all roadways, any electric\npersonal assistive mobility device shall be operated either on a usable\nbicycle or in-line skate lane or, if a usable bicycle or in-line skate\nlane has not been provided, near the right-hand curb or edge of the\nroadway or upon a usable right-hand shoulder in such a manner as to\nprevent undue interference with the flow of traffic except when\npreparing to enter into a crosswalk to turn left at or to cross an\nintersection or when reasonably necessary to avoid conditions that would\nmake it unsafe to continue along near the right-hand curb or edge of the\nroadway. Conditions to be taken into consideration include, but are not\nlimited to, fixed or moving objects, vehicles, bicycles, in-line\nskaters, pedestrians, animals, surface hazards and traffic lanes too\nnarrow for an electric personal assistive mobility device and a vehicle\nto travel safely side-by-side within the lane.\n  2. Persons operating electric personal assistive mobility devices upon\na roadway shall ride single file. Persons operating electric personal\nassistive mobility devices upon a shoulder, bicycle or in-line skate\nlane, or bicycle or in-line skate path, intended for the use of\nbicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices or in-line skates\nmay ride two or more abreast if sufficient space is available, except\nthat when passing a vehicle, bicycle, electric personal assistive\nmobility device, person on in-line skates or pedestrian standing or\nproceeding along such shoulder, lane or path, persons operating electric\npersonal assistive mobility devices shall operate such devices in single\nfile.\n  3. Any person operating an electric personal assistive mobility device\nwho is entering the roadway from a private road, driveway, alley or over\na curb shall come to a full stop before entering the roadway.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6281 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 125-B / Section 6281
Municipal regulations
Status: in_force

§ 6281. Municipal regulations.  (a) No county, town or village,\nincluding but not limited to the city of New York, shall have the power\nto modify or change the plans and specifications for facilities to be\nprovided pursuant to agreements between the dormitory authority and the\ncity university construction fund, or the construction, plumbing,\nheating, lighting or other mechanical branch of work necessary to\ncomplete the work in question, nor to require that any person, firm or\ncorporation employed on any such work shall perform any such work in any\nother or different manner from that provided by such plans and\nspecifications, nor to require that any such person, firm or corporation\nobtain any other or additional authority or permit from such county,\ncity, town or village, including but not limited to the city of New York\nas a condition of doing such work, nor shall any condition whatever be\nimposed by any such county, city, town or village, including but not\nlimited to the city of New York in relation to the work being done\npursuant to the aforesaid agreements, and such work shall be in\naccordance with the drawings, plans, specifications and contracts in\nrelation thereto; and the doing of any such work for the dormitory\nauthority by any person, firm or corporation in accordance with the\nterms of such drawings, plans, specifications or contracts shall not\nsubject said person, firm or corporation to any liability or penalty,\ncivil or criminal, other than as may be stated in such contracts or\nincidental to the proper enforcement thereof.\n  (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this article or any other\nlaw, any contract let by the dormitory authority and/or the city\nuniversity construction fund for the purposes of this article shall be\nin conformity with the provisions of section one hundred one of the\ngeneral municipal law.\n
N.Y. ELN Law § 5-700 — New York Code / Act ELN / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 5-700
Checks on registration
Status: in_force

§ 5-700. Checks on registration. The board of elections shall permit\nonly those persons to register or to remain registered who have the\nqualifications prescribed by this article.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1174-L — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 5 / Title 7-A / Section 1174-L
Bonds legal investments for fiduciaries
Status: in_force

§ 1174-l. Bonds legal investments for fiduciaries. The bonds of the\nauthority are hereby made securities in which all public officials and\nbodies of the state and all municipalities, all insurance companies and\nassociations and other persons carrying on an insurance business, all\nbanks, bankers, trust companies, savings banks and savings associations,\nincluding savings and loan associations, investment companies and other\npersons carrying on a banking business, and administrators, guardians,\nexecutors, trustees and other fiduciaries and all other persons\nwhatsoever, who are now or may hereafter be authorized to invest in\nbonds or other obligations of the state, may properly and legally invest\nfunds including capital in their control or belonging to them. The bonds\nare also hereby made securities which may be deposited with and may be\nreceived by all public officers and bodies of the state and all\nmunicipalities for any purposes for which the deposit of bonds or other\nobligations of the state is now or hereafter may be authorized.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 33-0725 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 33 / Title 7 / Section 33-0725
Approved agricultural uses
Status: in_force

§ 33-0725. Approved agricultural uses.\n  A pesticide shall be used in accordance with its labeling. Unless the\nlabeling specifically prohibits such use, a pesticide registered for use\nin New York state may be used for agricultural purposes only in a\ndosage, concentration or frequency less than that specified on the\nlabeling.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1111-F — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 24 / Section 1111-F
Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with traffic-control indications
Status: in_force

* § 1111-f. Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with\ntraffic-control indications. (a) 1. Notwithstanding any other provision\nof law, the village of Pelham Manor is hereby authorized and empowered\nto adopt and amend a local law or ordinance establishing a demonstration\nprogram imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for\nfailure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control\nindications in such village in accordance with the provisions of this\nsection. Such demonstration program shall empower such village to\ninstall and operate traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\ndevices at no more than one intersection within and under the\njurisdiction of such village at any one time; provided, however, that\nwhere one of the two highways joining one another at such intersection\nis a state highway maintained by the state, such village may install and\noperate such traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring device in\na manner affecting traffic proceeding along such state highway at such\nintersection if it has obtained approval in writing from the department\nof transportation, and the department of transportation may at any time\nrescind or modify such approval.\n  2. Such demonstration program shall utilize necessary technologies to\nensure, to the extent practicable, that photographs produced by such\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems shall not\ninclude images that identify the driver, the passengers, or the contents\nof the vehicle. Provided, however, that no notice of liability issued\npursuant to this section shall be dismissed solely because a photograph\nor photographs allow for the identification of the contents of a\nvehicle, provided that such village has made a reasonable effort to\ncomply with the provisions of this paragraph.\n  (b) In any such village which has adopted a local law or ordinance\npursuant to subdivision (a) of this section, the owner of a vehicle\nshall be liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section if such\nvehicle was used or operated with the permission of the owner, express\nor implied, in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred\neleven of this article, and such violation is evidenced by information\nobtained from a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem; provided however that no owner of a vehicle shall be liable for\na penalty imposed pursuant to this section where the operator of such\nvehicle has been convicted of the underlying violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (c) For purposes of this section, "owner" shall have the meaning\nprovided in article two-B of this chapter. For purposes of this section,\n"traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system" shall mean a\nvehicle sensor installed to work in conjunction with a traffic-control\nsignal which automatically produces two or more photographs, two or more\nmicrophotographs, a videotape or other recorded images of each vehicle\nat the time it is used or operated in violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by\nthe village of Pelham Manor in which the charged violation occurred, or\na facsimile thereof, based upon inspection of photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or other recorded images produced by a\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system, shall be prima\nfacie evidence of the facts contained therein. Any photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or other recorded images evidencing such a\nviolation shall be available for inspection in any proceeding to\nadjudicate the liability for such violation pursuant to a local law or\nordinance adopted pursuant to this section.\n  (e) An owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section\neleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to a local law or\nordinance adopted pursuant to this section shall be liable for monetary\npenalties in accordance with a schedule of fines and penalties to be set\nforth in such local law or ordinance. The liability of the owner\npursuant to this section shall not exceed fifty dollars for each\nviolation; provided, however, that such local law or ordinance may\nprovide for an additional penalty not in excess of twenty-five dollars\nfor each violation for the failure to respond to a notice of liability\nwithin the prescribed time period.\n  (f) An imposition of liability under a local law or ordinance adopted\npursuant to this section shall not be deemed a conviction as an operator\nand shall not be made part of the operating record of the person upon\nwhom such liability is imposed nor shall it be used for insurance\npurposes in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.\n  (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this\nsection. Personal delivery on the owner shall not be required. A manual\nor automatic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of\nbusiness shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein.\n  2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this\nsection, the registration number of the vehicle involved in such\nviolation, the location where such violation took place, the date and\ntime of such violation and the identification number of the camera which\nrecorded the violation or other document locator number.\n  3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the\nperson charged of the manner and the time in which he or she may contest\nthe liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability shall also\ncontain a warning to advise the persons charged that failure to contest\nin the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission of\nliability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.\n  4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by the village\nof Pelham Manor or by any other entity authorized by such village to\nprepare and mail such notification of violation.\n  (h) Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners by this section\nshall be by a traffic violations bureau established pursuant to section\nthree hundred seventy of the general municipal law or, if there be none,\nby the court having jurisdiction over traffic infractions.\n  (i) If an owner receives a notice of liability pursuant to this\nsection for any time period during which the vehicle was reported to the\npolice department as having been stolen, it shall be a valid defense to\nan allegation of liability for a violation of subdivision (d) of section\neleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this section that the\nvehicle had been reported to the police as stolen prior to the time the\nviolation occurred and had not been recovered by such time. For purposes\nof asserting the defense provided by this subdivision it shall be\nsufficient that a certified copy of the police report on the stolen\nvehicle be sent by first class mail to the traffic violations bureau or\ncourt having jurisdiction.\n  (j) An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of\nliability was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall\nnot be liable for the violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven\nhundred eleven of this article, provided that he or she sends to the\ntraffic violations bureau or court having jurisdiction a copy of the\nrental, lease or other such contract document covering such vehicle on\nthe date of the violation, with the name and address of the lessee\nclearly legible, within thirty-seven days after receiving notice from\nthe bureau or court of the date and time of such violation, together\nwith the other information contained in the original notice of\nliability. Failure to send such information within such thirty-seven day\ntime period shall render the owner liable for the penalty prescribed by\nthis section.  Where the lessor complies with the provisions of this\nsubdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on the date of such violation\nshall be deemed to be the owner of such vehicle for purposes of this\nsection, shall be subject to liability for the violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this\nsection and shall be sent a notice of liability pursuant to subdivision\n(g) of this section.\n  (k) 1. If the owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this section\nwas not the operator of the vehicle at the time of the violation, the\nowner may maintain an action for indemnification against the operator.\n  2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no owner of a\nvehicle shall be subject to a monetary fine imposed pursuant to this\nsection if the operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle\nwithout the consent of the owner at the time such operator failed to\nobey a traffic-control indication. For purposes of this subdivision\nthere shall be a presumption that the operator of such vehicle was\noperating such vehicle with the consent of the owner at the time such\noperator failed to obey a traffic-control indication.\n  (l) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability\nof an operator of a vehicle for any violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (m) Any village that adopts a demonstration program pursuant to\nsubdivision (a) of this section shall submit an annual report detailing\nthe results of the use of such traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system to the governor, the temporary president of\nthe senate and the speaker of the assembly on or before the first day of\nJune next succeeding the effective date of this section and on the same\ndate in each succeeding year in which the demonstration program is\noperable. Such report shall include, but not be limited to:\n  1. a description of the locations where traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring systems were used;\n  2. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at\nintersections where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used for the three years preceding the installation of such\nsystem, to the extent the information is maintained by the department of\nmotor vehicles of this state;\n  3. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at\nintersections where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used for the reporting year, as well as for each year that the\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system has been\noperational, to the extent the information is maintained by the\ndepartment of motor vehicles of this state;\n  4. the number of events and number of violations recorded at each\nintersection where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used and in the aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly\nbasis;\n  5. the number of notices of liability issued for violations recorded\nby such system at each intersection where a traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system is used;\n  6. the number of fines imposed and total amount of fines paid after\nfirst notice of liability;\n  7. the number and percentage of violations adjudicated and results of\nsuch adjudications including breakdowns of dispositions made for\nviolations recorded by such systems which shall be provided at least\nannually to such village by the respective courts and bureaus conducting\nsuch adjudications;\n  8. the total amount of revenue realized by such village from such\nadjudications including a breakdown of revenue realized by such village\nfor each year since deployment of its traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system;\n  9. expenses incurred by such village in connection with the program;\nand\n  10. quality of the adjudication process and its results which shall be\nprovided at least annually to such village by the respective courts and\nbureaus conducting such adjudications.\n  (n) It shall be a defense to any prosecution for a violation of\nsubdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article\npursuant to a local law or ordinance adopted pursuant to this section\nthat such traffic-control indications were malfunctioning at the time of\nthe alleged violation.\n  * NB Repealed December 1, 2026\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 13-0701 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 13 / Title 7 / Section 13-0701
Short title
Status: in_force

§ 13-0701. Short title.\n  This act shall be known and may be cited as the seagrass protection\nact.\n
N.Y. ELN Law § 5-702 — New York Code / Act ELN / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 5-702
Voters' check cards; investigation
Status: in_force

§ 5-702. Voters' check cards; investigation. 1. The board of elections\nshall cause a bipartisan team of regular or special employees of such\nboard to conduct an investigation of the qualifications to register and\nvote, or cause a voter's check card to be prepared for each voter who\nwas registered after being challenged or who was challenged after\nregistration and, if requested by any member of the board, for any other\nvoter. The board shall forthwith deliver each such voter's check card to\nthe head of the police department in the city, town or village in which\nthe voter resides, or, if there be no such police department, to the\nsheriff or head of the police department of the county. The board shall\nmake and retain an inventory list of all cards so delivered.\n  2. The head of the police department or sheriff, forthwith shall cause\nan investigation to be made to determine, in each instance, whether the\nregistrant resides, and how long he has resided, at the address at which\nhe claims a residence, and to check the facts relating to why the voter\nwas challenged. Such investigation shall be completed within five days\nafter receipt of such check cards.  Each check card shall be signed with\nthe title or rank, badge number, if any, and signature of the police\nofficer, sheriff or deputy making the investigation, who shall note\nabove such signature whether he personally interviewed the registrant\nand, if not, the full name of at least one other person whom he\npersonally interviewed at the registrant's claimed residence or place of\nemployment; the place, date and hour of such interview; the family\nrelationship, if any, between the registrant and the person interviewed;\nand any reason he may have to believe that the registrant does not\nreside at the address given or does not possess the qualifications\nprescribed by this chapter for eligibility for registration. If he is\nsatisfied that the registrant resides at such address and does possess\nsuch qualifications he shall write the word "valid" above his signature.\nIf the officer charged with or actually making such investigation knows\nof his personal knowledge that the registrant is a qualified voter in\nthe election district in which such registrant claims a residence, he\nmay, without further investigation, endorse on such check card, above\nhis title or rank, badge number, if any, and signature, the words\n"Valid; Personal knowledge." Such endorsement shall be considered for\nall purposes as a statement under oath by such officer that the\nregistrant is qualified to vote from the residence claimed.\n  3. No later than the sixth day after receipt of such check cards from\nthe board of elections the head of the police department or sheriff\nshall return them, in sealed wrappers and in each instance endorsed as\nrequired by subdivision two of this section, to the board of elections.\nEach wrapper shall contain all of the check cards for a single election\ndistrict, alphabetically arranged in two groups. The first group shall\ncontain all the check cards marked "Valid" or "Valid: Personal\nknowledge." The second group shall contain the remainder of such check\ncards. On the face of the wrapper such forwarding officer shall cause to\nbe noted his name and the title of his office, the city, town or\nvillage, assembly district or ward, if any, and the election district of\nthe cards in the wrapper, the total number of check cards marked "Valid"\nand "Valid; Personal knowledge", the number of other check cards, and\nthe total of all check cards contained in such wrapper. With each such\nwrapper the forwarding officer shall present to the board of elections a\nreceipt, containing the information required to be stated on such\nwrapper. The original of such receipt shall be retained by the\nforwarding officer. The duplicate of such receipt shall be filed in the\nboard of elections.\n  4. The board of elections forthwith shall compare such check cards for\neach election district with the inventory list prepared as directed by\nsubdivision one of this section, the certificates executed by the\nregistration board, the challenge affidavits executed in such district\nand returned to the board of elections and the registration cards of all\napplicants for whom check cards were executed and shall investigate any\ndiscrepancies.\n  5. The board of elections shall file all such check cards which are\nmarked "Valid" or "Valid: Personal knowledge" in a separate file\nmaintained by it for such purpose. Within such file, all cards shall be\narranged by election districts and alphabetically within such districts.\n  6. The board of elections shall likewise file all such check cards\nwhich are not marked "Valid" or "Valid: Personal knowledge" in a\nseparate file or ledgers maintained by it for such purpose.\n  7. If it appears from the check card that the registrant does not\nreside at the address from which he is registered, the board shall\nproceed in the manner prescribed by section 5-402 of this article.\n  8. Whenever it appears to the satisfaction of a board of elections\nthat any voter or witness has made a false statement, whether or not\nunder oath, affecting his qualifications to be registered or has given\nfalse testimony at any hearing affecting such registration, such board\nforthwith shall forward such statement or testimony to the district\nattorney and the district attorney forthwith shall present the matter to\nthe grand jury.\n  9. Check cards. The state board of election shall prescribe a form of\nregistration check card for use pursuant to this article.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6229 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 125 / Section 6229
City university of New York community college budget process
Status: in_force

§ 6229. City university of New York community college budget process.\n1. For the purposes of this section and section sixty-two hundred\ntwenty-one of this article, the term "approved programs and services"\nshall mean and include all programs and services provided by the\ncommunity colleges, except for campus schools or other elementary or\nsecondary schools which receive state aid under other provisions of law,\nprovided that all such programs have been approved as a part of the\nmaster plan of the city university and as a part of the regents plan for\nhigher education or general revision thereof pursuant to section two\nhundred thirty-seven of this chapter.\n  2. For each city fiscal year, the chancellor of the city university\nshall prepare a proposed operating and capital budget for all approved\nprograms and services. The form and content of such proposed operating\nand capital budget shall be the same as that approved by the state\ndirector of the budget for the community colleges of the state\nuniversity of New York. The proposed operating budget shall be submitted\nin accordance with subdivision one-b of section sixty-three hundred four\nof this chapter and shall also set forth the separate operating budgets\nof each community college.\n  3. Such proposed operating and capital budget, after approval by the\nboard of trustees, shall be submitted to the mayor of the city of New\nYork for his review and approval. Not later than October first of the\ncalendar year preceding the city fiscal year, the mayor shall submit to\nthe state budget director, in the form and content required by\nsubdivision two hereof, the amount of expenditures that he will\nrecommend in his executive budget for the following fiscal year for such\napproved programs and services.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 657 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 3 / Title 7 / Section 657
Grant of use of land by the county to the authority and agreements between them
Status: in_force

§ 657. Grant of use of land by the county to the authority and\nagreements between them.  1. The county shall have power and authority\nby resolution of the county legislature to grant to the authority,\nwithout consideration, the use of any real property of the county needed\nor convenient for the project or in connection therewith.\n  2. In connection with any new bridge, park, playground, beach or other\nrecreational facility to be constructed by the authority, the authority\nand the county may enter into an agreement determining the real property\nnecessary for such bridge or project and for the approaches and\nconnections thereto, and agreeing on the parts of such real property of\nwhich the authority shall have the use; determining what real property\nshall be acquired in the name of the county for the bridge or project\nand its approaches and connections, and what portion of the cost and\nexpense of acquiring such real property shall be paid by the authority\nand the county respectively; determining the extent of the park,\nplayground or other recreational facility and the approaches and\nconnections, and agreeing on what parts thereof shall be constructed by\nthe authority as part of the project and what parts thereof shall be\nconstructed by the county as part of the connections, and agreeing on\nthe portion of the cost of such construction to be borne by them,\nrespectively; agreeing on what parts of said park, playground or other\nrecreational facility and approaches and connections shall, after\nconstruction, be maintained by and at the cost of the authority and of\nthe county, respectively; and determining and agreeing upon any other\nlike or different matters relating to the respective rights and duties\nof the county and the authority in respect to the project. The authority\nmay pledge any such agreement to secure notes and bonds and thereafter\nsuch agreement shall not be modified except as may be permitted by the\nagreement with the bondholders and noteholders.\n  3. Real property may be acquired, construction of park, playground or\nother recreational facilities and approaches and connections may be\ndone, the payment of the cost of such acquisition or construction may be\nmade, or such park, playground or other recreational facilities and\napproaches and connections may be maintained, either by the state of New\nYork or by the county, as may be agreed between them, and any agreements\nwith the authority made by the county in respect of such acquisition,\nconstruction, payment or maintenance may be carried out and performed\neither by the county or the state as may be agreed between them.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 51-0703 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 51 / Title 7 / Section 51-0703
Definitions
Status: in_force

§ 51-0703. Definitions.\n  As used in this title, the following terms shall mean and include:\n  1. "Forest Preserve Project." A state project to acquire lands as\nadditions to the forest preserve within the Adirondack and Catskill\nParks.\n  2. "Wetlands Preservation Project." A state project to preserve\nthrough acquisition biologically productive and vulnerable wetlands\nbecause of their unique and irreplaceable values.\n  3. "Wetlands Restoration Project." A state or municipal project to\nrenovate dikes, levies, ditches, berms and other water level regulation\nworks; to establish vegetation, plants, and shrubs, or such other\nnecessary or desirable work to achieve optimum productivity of wetlands.\n  4. "Unique Area Preservation Project." A state project to acquire\nlands of special natural beauty, wilderness character, geological,\necological or historical significance for the state nature and\nhistorical preserve and similar lands within a forest preserve county\noutside the Adirondack and Catskill Parks.\n  5. "Stream Rights Acquisition Project." A state project to acquire\nfishing rights on quality streams.\n  6. "Public Access to State Lands Project." A state project to provide\naccess to otherwise inaccessible reforestation, game management or\nmultiple use lands through land acquisition and development of unpaved\ntrails.\n  7. "Wetlands." Land and lands under water which may be permanently,\ntemporarily or intermittently covered with fresh or salt-water and\ncommonly referred to as flood basins or flats, meadows, marshes, shrub\nswamps, wooded swamps, swamps or bogs.\n  8. "Cost." The cost of an approved project shall include engineering\nand architectural services, plans and specifications, consultant and\nlegal services, and other direct expenses incident to such project less\nany federal assistance received or to be received.\n  9. "Municipality." A city, county, town or village, or improvement\ndistrict within a city, county, town or village or any combination\nthereof.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 659 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 3 / Title 7 / Section 659
Construction contracts
Status: in_force

§ 659. Construction contracts. The authority shall let contracts for\nconstruction in the same manner, so far as practicable, as is provided\nby law for contracts of the county, except that where the estimated\nexpense of a contract does not exceed two thousand five hundred dollars,\nsuch contract may be entered into without public letting. Nothing in\nthis section shall be construed to limit the power of the authority to\ndo any construction directly by the officers, agents and employees of\nthe authority.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1140 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 26 / Section 1140
Vehicle approaching or entering intersection
Status: in_force

§ 1140. Vehicle approaching or entering intersection.  (a) The driver\nof a vehicle approaching an intersection shall yield the right of way to\na vehicle which has entered the intersection from a different highway.\n  (b) When two vehicles enter an intersection from different highways at\napproximately the same time the driver of the vehicle on the left shall\nyield the right of way to the vehicle on the right.\n  (c) The right of way rules declared in subsections (a) and (b) are\nmodified at through highways and otherwise as stated in this title.\n
N.Y. SOS Law § 434 — New York Code / Act SOS / Article 6 / Title 7 / Section 434
Funding limitations
Status: in_force

§ 434.  Funding limitations.  Notwithstanding any other provisions of\nthis chapter the total amount of reimbursement to social services\ndistricts pursuant to this title shall be limited to the amount of the\nannual appropriation made by the legislature for preventive services.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 9-0713 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 9 / Title 7 / Section 9-0713
State assistance
Status: in_force

§ 9-0713. State assistance.\n  The commissioner shall adopt forest practice standards. The department\nshall notify owners of forest land that the commissioner is prepared to\nassist cooperating owners in connection with the application of forest\npractice standards. The commissioner shall provide to cooperating forest\nand farm woodland owners technical services in connection with all\nphases of forest management including but not limited to, plantation\nestablishment and care, the marking of timber, marketing assistance and\nsilvicultural treatment of immature stands.\n
N.Y. ELN Law § 8-706 — New York Code / Act ELN / Article 8 / Title 7 / Section 8-706
Electronic early mail ballot application transmittal system
Status: in_force

§ 8-706. Electronic early mail ballot application transmittal system.\n1. In addition to any other means of applying for an early mail ballot,\nthe state board of elections shall establish and maintain an electronic\nearly mail ballot application transmittal system through which voters\nmay apply for an early mail ballot online. The state board of elections\nshall electronically transmit such applications to the applicable board\nof elections of each county or the city of New York for processing\nconsistent with this chapter. In accordance with technical\nspecifications provided by the state board of elections, each board of\nelections shall maintain an early mail ballot application system capable\nof receiving and processing electronic early mail ballot applications,\nincluding, but not limited to, electronic signatures, from the\nelectronic early mail ballot application transmittal system established\nby the state board of elections pursuant to this section. Such\ntransmittal system shall be fully integrated with each county board of\nelections and the city of New York board of elections so that a voter\nmay apply online directly either through the website of their board of\nelections or the state board of elections. Notwithstanding any other\ninconsistent provision of this chapter, applications filed using such\nsystem shall be considered filed with the applicable board of elections\non the calendar date the application is initially transmitted by the\nvoter through the electronic early mail ballot application transmittal\nsystem.\n  2. (a) A voter shall be able to apply for an early mail ballot using a\npersonal online application submitted through the electronic early mail\nballot application transmittal system when the voter:\n  (i) completes an electronic early mail ballot application promulgated\nby the state board of elections which shall include all of the\ninformation required by section 8-700 of this title; and\n  (ii) affirms, subject to penalty of perjury, by means of electronic or\nmanual signature, that the information contained in the early mail\nballot application is true; and\n  (iii) consents to the use of an electronic copy of the individual's\nmanual signature that is in the custody of the department of motor\nvehicles, the state board of elections, or other agency designated by\nsection 5-211 or 5-212 of this chapter, as the individual's early mail\nballot exemplar signature, or provides such a signature by direct upload\nin a manner that complies with the New York state electronic signature\nand records act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the state\nboard of elections.\n  (b) The board of elections shall provide the personal online early\nmail ballot application in any language required by the federal Voting\nRights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. Sec. 10503) in any county in the state.\n  (c) The online early mail ballot application process shall provide\nreasonable accommodations to improve accessibility for persons with\ndisabilities and shall be compatible for use with standard online\naccessibility assistance tools for persons with visual, physical or\nperceptive disabilities.\n  (d) The state board of elections shall promulgate rules and\nregulations for the creation and administration of an early mail ballot\napplication system pursuant to this section.\n  3. (a) If an early mail ballot exemplar signature is not provided by\nan applicant who submits an early mail ballot application pursuant to\nthis section, the local board shall seek to obtain such exemplar\nsignature from the statewide voter registration database, the state\nboard of elections, or a state or local agency designated by section\n5-211 or 5-212 of this chapter.\n  (b) If such exemplar signature is not available from the statewide\nvoter registration database, the state board of elections, or a state or\nlocal agency designated by section 5-211 or 5-212 of this chapter, the\nlocal board of elections shall, absent another reason to reject the\napplication, require the voter to provide an exemplar signature by any\none of the following methods: in person, by electronic mail, or by\nelectronic upload to the board of elections through the electronic early\nmail ballot application transmittal system.\n  (c) If such voter does not provide the required exemplar signature,\nthe board of elections shall proceed to issue an early mail ballot to\nthe voter along with an early mail ballot application form requiring\nsuch voter to submit a signature upon such application form and return\nit to the board of elections with the voter's ballot.\n  4. The electronic early mail ballot application transmittal system\nshall be combined on a single website with the electronic absentee\nballot application transmittal system created pursuant to section 8-408\nof this article. A person using the website must first be provided with\nan early mail ballot application before being offered the opportunity to\napply for an absentee ballot. If a person submits an early mail ballot\napplication, the person shall not be offered the opportunity to apply\nfor an absentee ballot.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1173 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 29 / Section 1173
Emerging from alley, driveway, private road or building
Status: in_force

§ 1173. Emerging from alley, driveway, private road or building.  The\ndriver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, driveway, private road or\nbuilding shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to driving onto a\nsidewalk extending across any alleyway, building entrance, road or\ndriveway, or in the event there is no sidewalk, shall stop at the point\nnearest the roadway to be entered where the driver has a view of\napproaching traffic thereon.\n
N.Y. BNK Law § 7013 — New York Code / Act BNK / Article 15 / Title 7 / Section 7013
Officers
Status: in_force

§ 7013. Officers. 1. The board of every corporation, at the annual\nmeeting of such board following each annual meeting of stockholders,\nshall elect a president (who, in the case of a bank or trust company,\nstock-form savings bank, or stock-form savings and loan association,\nshall be from its own number) and shall also elect one or more vice\npresidents and such other officers as are required by the by-laws to be\nelected annually. It may from time to time fill vacancies in the offices\nof any officers so elected, and elect or appoint such other officers as\nit may determine or as may be provided in the by-laws. Where a\ncorporation shall elect a chief executive officer in lieu of a\npresident, whose duties and functions are substantially the same as\nthose of a president, such chief executive officer shall be deemed to be\na president for purposes of this chapter.\n  2. Each officer shall hold office for the term for which he is elected\nor appointed, and until his successor has been elected or appointed and\nqualified.\n  3. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, except the\noffices of president and secretary.\n  4. The board may require any officer to give security for the faithful\nperformance of his duties.\n  5. All officers as between themselves and the corporation shall have\nsuch authority and perform such duties in the management of the\ncorporation as may be provided in the by-laws or, to the extent not so\nprovided, by the board.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 37-0701 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 37 / Title 7 / Section 37-0701
Short title
Status: in_force

§ 37-0701. Short title.\n  This title shall be known and may be cited as the "TRIS-free children\nand babies act".\n
N.Y. SOS Law § 258 — New York Code / Act SOS / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 258
Quarterly estimates; state reimbursement
Status: in_force

§ 258. Quarterly estimates; state reimbursement. 1. In accordance with\nregulations of the department, each social services district shall\nsubmit to the department quarterly estimates of its anticipated\nexpenditures for services for the aged, blind or disabled.\n  2. Expenditures made by social services districts for services under\nthis title shall be subject to reimbursement by the state in accordance\nwith and to the extent authorized by section one hundred fifty-three,\nand any applicable provisions of law which limit reimbursement for\nsocial services or authorize the allocation of funds for such services\namong the districts.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1564 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 7 / Title 7 / Section 1564
Inconsistent provisions in other acts superseded
Status: in_force

* § 1564. Inconsistent provisions in other acts superseded. In so far\nas the provisions of this title are inconsistent with the provisions of\nany other act, general or special, or of any local law of the village,\nthe provisions of this title shall be controlling.\n  * NB Dissolved December 1977\n  * NB There are 2 § 1564's\n
N.Y. ELN Law § 8-700 — New York Code / Act ELN / Article 8 / Title 7 / Section 8-700
Early voting by mail; application for ballot
Status: in_force

§ 8-700. Early voting by mail; application for ballot. 1. A registered\nvoter may apply to the county board of elections in the county in which\nthey are registered, or to the board of elections of the city of New\nYork, if registered in the city of New York, to vote early by mail under\nthis title in any election conducted by the board of elections in which\nthe voter is eligible to vote.\n  2. A registered voter who desires to vote early by mail at an election\nmust make an application to vote early by mail on a form to be obtained\nand filed as provided in this section, by letter as provided in\nparagraph (d) of this subdivision, or through the electronic early mail\nballot application transmittal system pursuant to section 8-706 of this\ntitle.\n  (a) Application forms to vote early by mail shall be furnished by and\nmay be obtained from any board of elections at any time until the day\nbefore such election, or on the electronic early mail ballot application\ntransmittal system. Application forms shall also be supplied by the\nboard of inspectors of the election district in which the applicant is a\nregistered voter on all of the days provided for local registration. In\naddition, application forms shall be supplied upon the request of the\nperson authorized to vote pursuant to this section, any such person's\nspouse, parent or child, a person residing with the applicant as a\nmember of their household, or the applicant's duly authorized agent.\nApplication forms sent outside of the United States to a country other\nthan Canada or Mexico, shall be sent by airmail. Any reference to "board\nof elections" in the remaining provisions of this section, except with\nrespect to the furnishing and obtaining of applications to vote early by\nmail, means only the board of elections of the county or city in which\nthe applicant is a registered voter.\n  (b) Applications may be filed with the board of elections, through the\nelectronic early mail ballot application transmittal system or in person\nwith the board of inspectors of the election district in which the\napplicant is a registered voter on one of the days provided for local\nregistration.\n  (c) All applications requesting to vote early by mail transmitted by\nmail or through the electronic early mail ballot application transmittal\nsystem must be received by the board of elections not later than the\ntenth day before the election for which a ballot is first requested.\nApplications to vote early by mail delivered in person at the board of\nelections must be received by such board not later than the day before\nsuch election.\n  (d) The board of elections shall mail an early mail ballot to every\nregistered voter otherwise eligible for such a ballot, who requests such\nan early mail ballot from such board of elections in writing in a\nletter, telefax indicating the address, phone number and the telefax\nnumber from which the writing is sent or other written instrument, or\nthrough an electronic application submitted by the voter through the\nelectronic early mail ballot application transmittal system established\nby the state board of elections, which is signed by the voter and\nreceived by the board of elections not later than the tenth day before\nthe election for which the ballot is first requested and which states\nthe address where the voter is registered and the address to which the\nballot is to be mailed.\n  (e) When mailing an early mail ballot application to a voter the board\nof elections shall provide a domestic postage paid return envelope. When\nproviding an early mail ballot application to a voter in-person, the\nboard of elections shall offer the voter a domestic postage paid return\nenvelope and provide one if requested.\n  3. The application for an early mail ballot when filed must contain in\neach instance the following information:\n  (a) Applicant's full name, date of birth, and residence address,\nincluding the street and number, if any, rural delivery route, if any,\nmailing address if different from the residence address and their town\nor city and an address to which the ballot shall be mailed.\n  (b) A statement that the applicant is a registered voter in the county\nor city where they are applying to vote early by mail.\n  4. The application for an early mail ballot shall also provide the\napplicant the opportunity to provide their telephone number and e-mail\naddress.\n  5. The application for an early mail ballot shall also provide the\napplicant the opportunity to request to receive an early mail ballot for\nall remaining elections in the calendar year in which the applicant is\neligible to vote. If an applicant indicates in the application for an\nearly mail ballot that they wish to receive an early mail ballot for all\nremaining elections in the calendar year, upon filing of such\napplication, the board of elections shall indicate such request in the\nvoter's registration record. When early mail ballots are mailed for\nsubsequent elections in the calendar year in which the voter is eligible\nto vote, the board of elections shall mail an early mail ballot to the\nvoter at their last known address by first class mail with a request to\nthe postal authorities not to forward such ballot but to return it in\nfive days in the event that it cannot be delivered to the addressee.\nHowever, the board shall not be required to mail an early mail ballot\npursuant to this section if the voter's registration has been canceled\nsince the filing of such application.\n  6. The application for an early mail ballot shall contain the\nfollowing language printed in bold face directly above the signature\nline: "I CERTIFY THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS APPLICATION IS TRUE AND\nCORRECT AND UNDERSTAND THAT THIS APPLICATION WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR ALL\nPURPOSES AS THE EQUIVALENT OF AN AFFIDAVIT AND, IF IT CONTAINS A\nMATERIAL FALSE STATEMENT, SHALL SUBJECT ME TO THE SAME PENALTIES AS IF I\nHAD BEEN DULY SWORN." Such application shall be accepted for all\npurposes as the equivalent of an affidavit and if it contains a material\nfalse statement shall subject the person signing it to the same\npenalties as if he or she had been duly sworn.\n  7. For purposes of this section, the use of titles, initials or\ncustomary abbreviations of given names by the signers or witnesses of an\nearly mail ballot application or early mail ballot envelope, or the use\nof customary abbreviations of addresses of such signers or witnesses,\nshall not invalidate such voter's signature or witness's signature on an\napplication for early mail ballot or upon canvass or recanvass of the\nballot pursuant to this chapter.\n  8. (a) If a person entitled to an early mail ballot is unable to sign\ntheir application because of illness, physical disability or inability\nto read, they shall be excused from signing upon making a statement, in\nsubstantially the following form, which shall be witnessed by one\nperson:\n"I hereby state that I am unable to sign my application for an early\nmail ballot without assistance because I am unable to write by reason of\nillness or physical disability or because I am unable to read. I have\nmade, or have received assistance in making, my mark in lieu of my\nsignature."\n .................\n (Date)\n                                                   .................\n                                                   (Mark)\n                                                   .................\n                                                   (Name of Voter)\n"I, the undersigned, hereby certify that the above named voter affixed\ntheir mark to this application in my presence and I know them to be the\nperson who affixed their mark to said application and understand that\nthis statement will be accepted for all purposes as the equivalent of an\naffidavit and if it contains a material false statement, shall subject\nme to the same penalties as if I had been duly sworn."\n                                                  ......................\n                                                  (Signature of Witness)\n                                                  ......................\n                                                  (Address of Witness)\n  (b) Such statement shall be included in the application form furnished\nby the board of elections.\n  9. Printed forms of applications for early mail ballots in accordance\nwith the requirements of this section shall be provided by the board of\nelections. An appropriate number shall be retained by the board of\nelections for the purpose of furnishing an application form to each\nregistered voter who applies therefor before the board of elections,\neither in person or by mail, and an appropriate number shall be\ndelivered to each board of inspectors on registration days with the\nelection supplies, and the board of inspectors shall retain the\ncompleted and unused applications and return them to the board of\nelections with their election supplies and an appropriate number shall\nbe available for distribution to officers of political parties, county\nclerks, city, town and village clerks, colleges, libraries, and any\nother convenient distribution source which is approved by the local or\nstate board of elections and which requests such forms.\n  10. The state board of elections shall prescribe a standard\napplication form for use under this section. The use of any application\nform which substantially complies with the provisions of this section\nshall be acceptable and any application filed on such a form shall be\naccepted for filing.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1151-A — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 27 / Section 1151-A
Pedestrians' right of way on sidewalks
Status: in_force

§ 1151-a. Pedestrians' right of way on sidewalks.  The driver of a\nvehicle emerging from or entering an alleyway, building, private road or\ndriveway shall yield the right of way to any pedestrian approaching on\nany sidewalk extending across such alleyway, building entrance, road or\ndriveway.\n
N.Y. PBH Law § 3387 — New York Code / Act PBH / Article 33 / Title 7 / Section 3387
Seizure and forfeiture of controlled substances, imitation controlled substances and official New York state prescription forms; disposition
Status: in_force

§ 3387. Seizure and forfeiture of controlled substances, imitation\ncontrolled substances and official New York state prescription forms;\ndisposition. 1. Any controlled substance or imitation controlled\nsubstance which has been manufactured, distributed, dispensed or\nacquired in violation of this article, or the lawful possession of which\ncannot be immediately ascertained, and any official New York state\nprescription form which has been printed, distributed or acquired in\nviolation of this article or the lawful possession of which cannot be\nimmediately ascertained are hereby declared to be public nuisances and\nmay be seized by a peace officer, acting pursuant to his special duties,\nor a police officer and shall be forfeited, and disposed of as follows:\n  (a) except as in this section otherwise provided, the commissioner,\nthe court or magistrate having jurisdiction shall order such controlled\nsubstance or imitation controlled substance forfeited or destroyed. A\nrecord of the quantity and nature of the substance, of the place where\nsaid substance was seized, and of the time, place and manner of\ndestruction, shall be kept, and a return under oath, reporting said\ndestruction, shall be made to the person ordering such destruction by\nthe officer who destroys them;\n  (b) upon written application by the commissioner, the court or\nmagistrate by whom the forfeiture of controlled substances or imitation\ncontrolled substances has been decreed may order the delivery of any of\nthem, except substances listed in schedule I of section thirty-three\nhundred six, to such commissioner for distribution or destruction, as\nhereinafter provided;\n  (c) upon application by any hospital within this state, not operated\nfor private gain, the commissioner may in his discretion deliver any\ncontrolled substance or imitation controlled substance that has come\ninto his custody by authority of this section to the applicants for\nmedicinal use;\n  (d) the commissioner may from time to time deliver excess stocks of\ncontrolled substances or imitation controlled substances to the Bureau\nor shall destroy the same;\n  (e) controlled substances or imitation controlled substances which are\nexcess or undesired by persons lawfully possessing the same may be\ndisposed of in such manner as the commissioner shall by regulation\nrequire;\n  (f) official New York state prescription forms which have been seized\nas provided by this section shall be disposed of by express prepaid\nshipment to the "State Department of Health, Bureau of Prescription\nAnalysis, Albany, New York," or by delivery to an authorized narcotic\ncontrol representative of the department.\n  2. The commissioner shall keep a full and complete record of all\ncontrolled substances or imitation controlled substances received and of\nall controlled substances or imitation controlled substances disposed\nof, showing the exact kinds, quantities and forms of such substances;\nthe persons from whom received and to whom delivered; by whose authority\nreceived, delivered and destroyed; and the dates of the receipt,\ndisposal or destruction. This record shall be open to inspection by all\nfederal or state officers charged with the enforcement of federal and\nstate laws relating to controlled substances or imitation controlled\nsubstances.\n  3. Any raw material product, container or equipment of any kind which\nis used, or intended for use, in manufacturing, distributing, dispensing\nor administering a controlled substance or imitation controlled\nsubstance in violation of this article shall be seized by any peace\nofficer, acting pursuant to his special duties, or police officer and\nforfeited in the same manner as property subject to seizure and\nforfeiture pursuant to section thirty-three hundred eighty-eight of this\narticle, except that such property shall not be retained for use by any\nofficial.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1160 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 28 / Section 1160
Required position and method of turning at intersections
Status: in_force

§ 1160. Required position and method of turning at intersections. The\ndriver of a vehicle intending to turn at an intersection shall do so as\nfollows:\n  (a) Right turns. Both the approach for a right turn and a right turn\nshall be made as close as practicable to the right hand curb or edge of\nthe roadway or, where travel on the shoulder or slope has been\nauthorized, from the shoulder or slope.\n  (b) Left turns on two-way roadways. At any intersection where traffic\nis permitted to move in both directions on each roadway entering the\nintersection, an approach for a left turn shall be made in that portion\nof the right half of the roadway nearest the center line thereof and by\npassing to the right of such center line where it enters the\nintersection and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be\nmade so as to leave the intersection to the right of the center line of\nthe roadway being entered. Whenever practicable the left turn shall be\nmade in that portion of the intersection to the left of the center of\nthe intersection.\n  (c) Left turns on other than two-way roadways. At any intersection\nwhere traffic is restricted to one direction on one or more of the\nroadways, the driver of a vehicle intending to turn left at any such\nintersection shall approach the intersection in the extreme left-hand\nlane of the roadway lawfully available to traffic moving in the\ndirection of travel of such vehicle or, where travel on the shoulder or\nslope has been authorized, from the shoulder or slope, and after\nentering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the\nintersection, as nearly as practicable, in the left-hand lane lawfully\navailable to traffic moving in such direction upon the roadway being\nentered.\n  (d) When markers, buttons, signs, or other markings are placed within\nor adjacent to intersections and thereby require and direct that a\ndifferent course from that specified in this section be traveled by\nvehicles turning at an intersection, no driver of a vehicle shall turn a\nvehicle at an intersection other than as directed and required by such\nmarkers, buttons, signs, or other markings.\n  (e) U-turns. U-turns shall be made from and to that portion of the\nhighway nearest the marked center line. Where more than one lane of a\nhighway has been designated for left turns, U-turns shall be made only\nfrom the lane so designated that is adjacent to the marked center line.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6435 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 129-A / Section 6435
Appointment of private college security officers
Status: in_force

§ 6435. Appointment of private college security officers. 1.\nNotwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the trustees\nor other governing board of each independent non-profit college which\nmaintains a campus or other property for educational purposes outside\nthe limits of any city having a population of one million or more and is\nchartered by the regents or incorporated by special act of the\nlegislature may request that security guards employed by such college be\nappointed as private college campus security officers by the sheriff of\nthe county in which the college is located pursuant to section six\nhundred sixty-two of the county law or by the chief law enforcement\nofficer of a city where the college is located, pursuant to section two\nhundred nine-aa of the general municipal law, as added by chapter six\nhundred eleven of the laws of nineteen hundred ninety-five. Security\nguards appointed as such campus security officers may exercise within\ntheir geographic area of authority as defined hereinafter any or all of\nthe following powers:\n  a. to make a warrantless arrest of a person (i) for any offense when\nhe or she has reasonable cause to believe that such person has committed\nsuch offense in his or her presence and (ii) for a crime when he or she\nhas reasonable cause to believe that such person has committed such\ncrime, whether in his or her presence or otherwise, and follow such\nperson in continuous close pursuit into public places beyond the\ngeographic area of authority to make such warrantless arrest; provided,\nhowever, that such campus security officers shall comply with the\npost-arrest procedures set forth in section 140.40 of the criminal\nprocedure law and shall not interfere with an ongoing criminal\ninvestigation conducted by any police officer;\n  b. to use physical force, other than deadly physical force, upon\nanother person when and to the extent that he or she reasonably believes\nsuch to be necessary to effect an arrest pursuant to paragraph a of this\nsubdivision or to prevent the escape from custody of such person and use\ndeadly physical force for such purpose when he or she reasonably\nbelieves such to be necessary to defend himself or herself or a third\nperson from what he or she reasonably believes to be the use or imminent\nuse of deadly physical force;\n  c. to carry and utilize a police baton and noxious materials designed\nand intended for prevention of crime and enforcement of law and order;\nprovided, however, that no such campus security officer shall carry or\nuse such police baton or noxious materials before receiving training in\nthe use thereof. Training in the use of a baton shall include, but not\nbe limited to, the defensive use of the baton and instruction in the\nlegal use of physical force pursuant to article thirty-five of the penal\nlaw;\n  d. to temporarily possess stolen property, weapons, appliances and\nsubstances described in article two hundred sixty-five of the penal law\nand article thirty-three of the public health law whenever appropriate\nfor the prevention of crime, preservation of evidence and enforcement of\nlaw and order, and as soon thereafter as practicable deliver such stolen\nproperty, weapons, appliances and substances to a police officer;\n  e. to issue appearance tickets pursuant to subdivision three of\nsection 150.20 of the criminal procedure law;\n  f. to issue uniform appearance tickets pursuant to article\ntwenty-seven of the parks, recreation and historic preservation law and\nto issue simplified traffic information pursuant to section 100.25 of\nthe criminal procedure law and section two hundred seven of the vehicle\nand traffic law;\n  g. to issue a uniform navigation summons and/or complaint pursuant to\nsection nineteen of the navigation law;\n  h. to issue uniform appearance tickets pursuant to article seventy-one\nof the environmental conservation law; and\n  i. to seize an alcoholic beverage upon observing a person under\ntwenty-one years of age openly in possession of an alcoholic beverage as\ndefined in section three of the alcoholic beverage control law, with\nintent to consume such beverage in violation of section sixty-five-c of\nsuch law.\n  2. For purposes of this section, "geographical area of authority"\nmeans any real property owned by or under the control of the college by\nwhich the security guard is employed and located within the geographic\nboundaries of the county wherein the appointment was made.\n  3. To become eligible for appointment as a private college campus\nsecurity officer a security guard must first successfully complete a\ncourse of instruction in public and private law enforcement approved by\nthe municipal police training council, the security guard advisory\ncouncil, or the department of state or other comparable course offered\nor recognized by a department or agency of the state of New York as\nproviding appropriate training for the exercise of the powers enumerated\nin this section. Such training shall also comply with all requirements\nof article seven-A of the general business law and any regulations\npromulgated thereunder.\n  4. To be eligible for appointment as a private college campus security\nofficer, an applicant shall be of good character, cooperate in a\nbackground check as may be required by the county sheriff or chief law\nenforcement officer, be at least twenty-one years of age at the time of\nappointment, be a citizen of the United States, and be in compliance\nwith the requirements of, and duly registered in accordance with, the\nprovisions of article seven-A of the general business law and any\nregulations promulgated thereunder.\n  5. The duration of the appointment shall be coexistent with the period\nof employment except as otherwise provided in this section, section six\nhundred sixty-two of the county law or section two hundred nine-aa of\nthe general municipal law, as added by chapter six hundred eleven of the\nlaws of nineteen hundred ninety-five.\n  6. Any independent non-profit college which requests appointment of\nany of its security guards as a private college campus security officer\nas provided for in subdivision one of this section shall indemnify and\nhold harmless, the appointing sheriff, the county in which such sheriff\nserves, the appointing chief law enforcement officer and the city in\nwhich such chief law enforcement officer serves from liability and\ndamages including cost of defense to the extent proximately caused by\nthe intentional or negligent acts or omissions of the college's security\nguards while acting pursuant to their scope of employment by the\ncollege.\n  7. A college shall immediately notify the appointing sheriff or chief\nlaw enforcement officer whenever a security guard appointed by the\ncollege as a private college campus security officer is arrested,\nsuspended from employment, transferred, terminated or disabled so as to\nbe incapable of performing campus security officer duties. Upon receipt\nof such notice, the sheriff or chief law enforcement officer shall\nimmediately revoke such appointment.\n  8. Private college campus security officers appointed in accordance\nwith this section shall not be subject to assignment under section two\nhundred nine-f of the general municipal law or any mutual aid provisions\nof law.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6352 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 127 / Section 6352
Option of refund or credit
Status: in_force

§ 6352. Option of refund or credit. An institution of higher education\nshall refund tuition or fees paid or credit the tuition and fees to the\nnext period of enrollment after the student returns from a military\nleave of absence, at the option of the student.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1211 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 33 / Section 1211
Limitations on backing
Status: in_force

§ 1211. Limitations on backing. (a) The driver of a vehicle shall not\nback the same unless such movement can be made with safety and without\ninterfering with other traffic.\n  (b) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same upon any shoulder\nor roadway of any controlled-access highway.\n  (c) the driver of a motor vehicle engaged in retail sales of frozen\ndesserts as that term is defined in subdivision thirty-seven of section\nthree hundred seventy-five of this chapter directly to pedestrians shall\nnot back the same to make or attempt to make a sale.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1160 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 5 / Title 7 / Section 1160
Agreements of the state
Status: in_force

§ 1160. Agreements of the state. The state of New York does pledge to\nand agree with the holders of the bonds or notes that the state will not\nlimit or alter the rights hereby vested in the authority to acquire,\nconstruct, maintain, operate, reconstruct and improve the properties, to\nestablish and collect the revenues, rates, rentals, fees and other\ncharges referred to in this title and to fulfill the terms of any\nagreements made with the holders of the bonds or notes, or in any way\nimpair the rights and remedies of such bondholders or noteholders, until\nthe bonds or notes together with interest thereon, interest on any\nunpaid installments of interest, and all costs and expenses in\nconnection with any action or proceedings by or on behalf of the\nbondholders or noteholders are fully met and discharged.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6439 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 129-B / Section 6439
Definitions
Status: in_force

§ 6439. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms have\nthe following meanings:\n  1. "Institution" shall mean any college or university chartered by the\nregents or incorporated by special act of the legislature that maintains\na campus in New York.\n  2. "Title IX Coordinator" shall mean the Title IX Coordinator and/or\nhis or her designee or designees.\n  3. "Bystander" shall mean a person who observes a crime, impending\ncrime, conflict, potentially violent or violent behavior, or conduct\nthat is in violation of rules or policies of an institution.\n  4. "Code of conduct" shall mean the written policies adopted by an\ninstitution governing student behavior, rights, and responsibilities\nwhile such student is matriculated in the institution.\n  5. "Confidentiality" may be offered by an individual who is not\nrequired by law to report known incidents of sexual assault or other\ncrimes to institution officials, in a manner consistent with state and\nfederal law, including but not limited to 20 U.S.C. 1092(f) and 20\nU.S.C.  1681(a). Licensed mental health counselors, medical providers\nand pastoral counselors are examples of institution employees who may\noffer confidentiality.\n  6. "Privacy" may be offered by an individual when such individual is\nunable to offer confidentiality under the law but shall still not\ndisclose information learned from a reporting individual or bystander to\na crime or incident more than necessary to comply with this and other\napplicable laws, including informing appropriate institution officials.\nInstitutions may substitute another relevant term having the same\nmeaning, as appropriate to the policies of the institution.\n  7. "Accused" shall mean a person accused of a violation who has not\nyet entered an institution's judicial or conduct process.\n  8. "Respondent" shall mean a person accused of a violation who has\nentered an institution's judicial or conduct process.\n  9. "Reporting individual" shall encompass the terms victim, survivor,\ncomplainant, claimant, witness with victim status, and any other term\nused by an institution to reference an individual who brings forth a\nreport of a violation.\n  10. "Sexual activity" shall have the same meaning as "sexual act" and\n"sexual contact" as provided in 18 U.S.C. 2246(2) and 18 U.S.C. 2246(3).\n  11. "Domestic violence", "dating violence", "stalking" and "sexual\nassault" shall be defined by each institution in its code of conduct in\na manner consistent with applicable federal definitions.\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 71-0715 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 71 / Title 7 / Section 71-0715
Rules of evidence applicable to forest fire cases
Status: in_force

§ 71-0715. Rules of evidence applicable to forest fire cases.\n  1. Prima facie cause on railroad right of way. The fact that a fire\noriginates upon the right of way of a railroad shall be prima facie\nevidence that the fire was caused by the negligence of the railroad\ncompany.\n  2. Prima facie cause in clearing lands. Whenever a fire has been set\nfor the purpose specified in subdivision 5 of section 9-1105 in any of\nthe fire towns it shall be prima facie evidence that the fire was\nstarted by the owner or occupant of the land.\n
N.Y. PBA Law § 1552*2 — New York Code / Act PBA / Article 7 / Title 7* / Section 1552*2
Endicott parking authority
Status: in_force

* § 1552. Endicott parking authority. A board to be known as "Endicott\nparking authority" is hereby created. Such board shall be a body\ncorporate, constituting a public benefit corporation, and its existence\nshall commence upon the appointment of the members as herein provided.\nIt shall consist of a chairman and four other members, who shall be\nappointed by the board of trustees of the village. Of the members first\nappointed, one shall be appointed for a period of one year, one for a\nperiod of two years, one for a period of three years, one for a period\nof four years, and one for a period of five years. At the expiration of\nsuch terms, the terms of office of their successors shall be five years.\nEach member shall continue to serve until the appointment and\nqualification of his successor. Vacancies in such board occurring\notherwise than by the expiration of term shall be filled by the village\nboard of trustees for the unexpired term. The members of the board shall\nchoose from their number a vice-chairman. The village board of trustees\nmay remove any member of the board for inefficiency, neglect of duty or\nmisconduct in office, giving him a copy of the charges against him and\nan opportunity of being heard in person, or by counsel, in his defense\nupon not less than ten days notice. The members of the board shall be\nentitled to no compensation for their services but shall be entitled to\nreimbursement for their actual and necessary expenses incurred in the\nperformance of their official duties. The powers of the authority shall\nbe vested in and exercised by a majority of the members of the board\nthen in office. Such board may delegate to one or more of its members or\nto its officers, agents and employees such powers and duties as it may\ndeem proper. Such board and its corporate existence shall continue only\nfor a period of five years, and thereafter until all its liabilities\nhave been met and its bonds have been paid in full or such liabilities\nor bonds have otherwise been discharged. Upon its ceasing to exist, all\nits rights and properties shall pass to the village.\n  * NB Dissolved December 31, 1977\n  * NB There are 2 § 1552's\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1237 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 34 / Section 1237
Method of giving hand and arm signals by bicyclists
Status: in_force

§ 1237. Method of giving hand and arm signals by bicyclists. All\nsignals herein required to be given by bicyclists by hand and arm shall\nbe given in the following manner and such signals shall indicate as\nfollows:\n  1. Left turn. Left hand and arm extended horizontally.\n  2. Right turn. Left hand and arm extended upward or right hand and arm\nextended horizontally.\n  3. Stop or decrease speed. Left hand and arm extended downward.\n
N.Y. LFN Law § 92.00 — New York Code / Act LFN / Article 2 / Title 7 / Section 92.00
Refunding of bond anticipation notes issued by a school district prior to annexation or consolidation
Status: in_force

§ 92.00 Refunding of bond anticipation notes issued by a school\ndistrict prior to annexation or consolidation.  a. Where serial bonds\nhave been authorized by a school district to finance an object or\npurpose and in anticipation of the issuance of such bonds the school\ndistrict has issued a bond anticipation note or notes and subsequent to\nthe issuance and prior to the maturity of such note or notes such school\ndistrict has been annexed to an adjoining district or adjoining\ndistricts as provided in section fifteen hundred five of the education\nlaw or consolidated as provided in section fifteen hundred twelve or\nsection fifteen hundred twenty-two or section fifteen hundred twenty-six\nof the education law, the enlarged school district formed by such\nannexation or consolidation may issue its serial bonds pursuant to this\nsection for the object or purpose of refunding such bond anticipation\nnote or notes.\n  b. It is hereby determined that the period of probable usefulness of\nthe object or purpose for which bonds may be issued pursuant to this\nsection is the same as the period of probable usefulness specified in\nparagraph a of section 11.00 of this chapter for the object or purpose\nfor which the serial bonds were authorized by such school district prior\nto its annexation or consolidation. The last installment of bonds issued\npursuant to this section shall mature not later than the expiration of\nthe maximum period of probable usefulness of such object or purpose.\nSuch period shall be that which was in effect at the time the first bond\nanticipation note was issued unless such period has been subsequently\nshortened, in which event the shorter period in effect at the time of\nthe issuance of the bonds shall apply.\n  c. Bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be issued within five\nyears after the date of issuance of the first such bond anticipation\nnote and the first installment thereof shall mature not later than\neighteen months after the date of issuance of such bonds or five years\nafter the date of issuance of the first such note, whichever is the\nearlier. No annual installment of such bonds shall be more than fifty\nper centum in excess of the smallest prior installment.\n  d. Bonds issued pursuant to this section shall not be designated as\nrefunding bonds but shall contain a recital that they are issued\npursuant to this section. The provisions of this chapter, including but\nnot limited to section 37.00, relating to the authorization, form and\ncontent, sale, execution and issuance of serial bonds, other than bonds\nissued pursuant to sections 90.00 and 91.00 of this chapter, shall apply\nto the authorization, form and content, sale, execution and issuance of\nsuch bonds issued pursuant to this section. The bond resolution shall\ncontain a description of the bond anticipation note or notes to be\nrefunded and a statement of the maximum period of probable usefulness of\nthe object or purpose for which the bond anticipation note or notes were\nissued and which was in effect on the date of issuance of the first bond\nanticipation note and that which will be in effect on the date of\nissuance of the bonds.\n  e. The object or purpose for which bonds may be issued pursuant to\nthis section shall constitute a specific object or purpose within the\nmeaning of said term as used in this chapter.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6448 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 129-B / Section 6448
Privacy in legal challenges
Status: in_force

§ 6448. Privacy in legal challenges. Pursuant to subdivision (i) of\nrule three thousand sixteen of the civil practice law and rules, in any\nproceeding brought against an institution which seeks to vacate or\nmodify a finding that a student was responsible for violating an\ninstitution's rules regarding a violation covered by this article, the\nname and identifying biographical information of any student shall be\npresumptively confidential and shall not be included in the pleadings\nand other papers from such proceeding absent a waiver or cause shown as\ndetermined by the court. Such witnesses shall be identified only as\nnumbered witnesses. If such a name or identifying biographical\ninformation appears in a pleading or paper filed in such a proceeding,\nthe court, absent such a waiver or cause shown, shall direct the clerk\nof the court to redact such name and identifying biographical\ninformation and so advise the parties.\n
N.Y. PBH Law § 4172 — New York Code / Act PBH / Article 41 / Title 7 / Section 4172
Records; registrar to transmit through health officers
Status: in_force

§ 4172. Records; registrar to transmit through health officers. 1.\nWhen the commissioner shall have so ordered, each registrar shall\ntransmit, at such times as the commissioner shall direct, to designated\nlocal health units or officials copies of original birth and death\ncertificates which have been registered in such primary registration\ndistrict, and the statistical abstract of fetal death.\n  2. Each designated local health unit or official receiving copies of\noriginal certificates shall retain such copies thereof pursuant to\nsubdivision one of this section as confidential records subject to such\nfurther regulation to assure such confidentiality as may be prescribed\nby the commissioner.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1111-G*2 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 24 / Section 1111-G*2
Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with traffic-control indications
Status: in_force

* § 1111-g. Owner liability for failure of operator to comply with\ntraffic-control indications. (a) 1. Notwithstanding any other provision\nof law, the county of Westchester is hereby authorized and empowered to\nadopt and amend a local law or ordinance establishing a demonstration\nprogram imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for\nfailure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control\nindications in such county in accordance with the provisions of this\nsection. Such demonstration program shall empower such county to install\nand operate traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring devices at\nno more than fifty intersections within and under the jurisdiction of\nsuch county at any one time. Provided that, in addition to the fifty\nintersections within and under its jurisdiction, such county may install\nand operate traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring devices at\nno more than one intersection located on the portion of the Saw Mill\nRiver parkway within the village of Pleasantville, county of\nWestchester, upon approval in writing obtained by such county from the\ndepartment of transportation, provided that the department of\ntransportation may at any time rescind or modify such approval.\n  2. Such demonstration program shall utilize necessary technologies to\nensure, to the extent practicable, that photographs produced by such\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems shall not\ninclude images that identify the driver, the passengers, or the contents\nof the vehicle. Provided, however, that no notice of liability issued\npursuant to this section shall be dismissed solely because a photograph\nor photographs allow for the identification of the contents of a\nvehicle, provided that such county has made a reasonable effort to\ncomply with the provisions of this paragraph.\n  (b) In any such county which has adopted a local law or ordinance\npursuant to subdivision (a) of this section, the owner of a vehicle\nshall be liable for a penalty imposed pursuant to this section if such\nvehicle was used or operated with the permission of the owner, express\nor implied, in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred\neleven of this article, and such violation is evidenced by information\nobtained from a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem; provided however that no owner of a vehicle shall be liable for\na penalty imposed pursuant to this section where the operator of such\nvehicle has been convicted of the underlying violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (c) For purposes of this section, "owner" shall have the meaning\nprovided in article two-B of this chapter. For purposes of this section,\n"traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system" shall mean a\nvehicle sensor installed to work in conjunction with a traffic-control\nsignal which automatically produces two or more photographs, two or more\nmicrophotographs, a videotape or other recorded images of each vehicle\nat the time it is used or operated in violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by\nWestchester county in which the charged violation occurred, or a\nfacsimile thereof, based upon inspection of photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or other recorded images produced by a\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system, shall be prima\nfacie evidence of the facts contained therein. Any photographs,\nmicrophotographs, videotape or other recorded images evidencing such a\nviolation shall be available for inspection in any proceeding to\nadjudicate the liability for such violation pursuant to a local law or\nordinance adopted pursuant to this section.\n  (e) An owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section\neleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to a local law or\nordinance adopted pursuant to this section shall be liable for monetary\npenalties in accordance with a schedule of fines and penalties to be set\nforth in such local law or ordinance. The liability of the owner\npursuant to this section shall not exceed fifty dollars for each\nviolation; provided, however, that such local law or ordinance may\nprovide for an additional penalty not in excess of twenty-five dollars\nfor each violation for the failure to respond to a notice of liability\nwithin the prescribed time period.\n  (f) An imposition of liability under a local law or ordinance adopted\npursuant to this section shall not be deemed a conviction as an operator\nand shall not be made part of the operating record of the person upon\nwhom such liability is imposed nor shall it be used for insurance\npurposes in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.\n  (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this\nsection. Personal delivery on the owner shall not be required. A manual\nor automatic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of\nbusiness shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein.\n  2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the\nperson alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of subdivision\n(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this\nsection, the registration number of the vehicle involved in such\nviolation, the location where such violation took place, the date and\ntime of such violation and the identification number of the camera which\nrecorded the violation or other document locator number.\n  3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the\nperson charged of the manner and the time in which he or she may contest\nthe liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability shall also\ncontain a warning to advise the persons charged that failure to contest\nin the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission of\nliability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.\n  4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by Westchester\ncounty or by any other entity authorized by such county to prepare and\nmail such notification of violation.\n  (h) Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners by this section\nshall be by a traffic violations bureau established pursuant to section\nthree hundred seventy of the general municipal law where the violation\noccurred or, if there be none, by the court having jurisdiction over\ntraffic infractions.\n  (i) If an owner receives a notice of liability pursuant to this\nsection for any time period during which the vehicle was reported to the\npolice department as having been stolen, it shall be a valid defense to\nan allegation of liability for a violation of subdivision (d) of section\neleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this section that the\nvehicle had been reported to the police as stolen prior to the time the\nviolation occurred and had not been recovered by such time. For purposes\nof asserting the defense provided by this subdivision it shall be\nsufficient that a certified copy of the police report on the stolen\nvehicle be sent by first class mail to the court having jurisdiction.\n  (j) An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of\nliability was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall\nnot be liable for the violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven\nhundred eleven of this article, provided that he or she sends to the\ncourt having jurisdiction a copy of the rental, lease or other such\ncontract document covering such vehicle on the date of the violation,\nwith the name and address of the lessee clearly legible, within\nthirty-seven days after receiving notice from the court of the date and\ntime of such violation, together with the other information contained in\nthe original notice of liability. Failure to send such information\nwithin such thirty-seven day time period shall render the owner liable\nfor the penalty prescribed by this section. Where the lessor complies\nwith the provisions of this subdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on\nthe date of such violation shall be deemed to be the owner of such\nvehicle for purposes of this section, shall be subject to liability for\nthe violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of\nthis article pursuant to this section and shall be sent a notice of\nliability pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section.\n  (k) 1. If the owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article pursuant to this section\nwas not the operator of the vehicle at the time of the violation, the\nowner may maintain an action for indemnification against the operator.\n  2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no owner of a\nvehicle shall be subject to a monetary fine imposed pursuant to this\nsection if the operator of such vehicle was operating such vehicle\nwithout the consent of the owner at the time such operator failed to\nobey a traffic-control indication. For purposes of this subdivision\nthere shall be a presumption that the operator of such vehicle was\noperating such vehicle with the consent of the owner at the time such\noperator failed to obey a traffic-control indication.\n  (l) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability\nof an operator of a vehicle for any violation of subdivision (d) of\nsection eleven hundred eleven of this article.\n  (m) When a county has established a demonstration program pursuant to\nthis section, all fines and penalties collected under such program shall\nbe distributed in accordance with subdivision thirteen of section\neighteen hundred three of this chapter.\n  (n) Any county that adopts a demonstration program pursuant to\nsubdivision (a) of this section shall submit an annual report detailing\nthe results of the use of such traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system to the governor, the temporary president of\nthe senate and the speaker of the assembly on or before June first, two\nthousand twenty-four and on the same date in each succeeding year in\nwhich the demonstration program is operable. Such report shall include,\nbut not be limited to:\n  1. a description of the locations where traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring systems were used;\n  2. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at\nintersections where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used for the three years preceding the installation of such\nsystem, to the extent the information is maintained by the department;\n  3. the aggregate number, type and severity of accidents reported at\nintersections where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used for the reporting year, as well as for each year that the\ntraffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring system has been\noperational, to the extent the information is maintained by the\ndepartment;\n  4. the number of events and number of violations recorded at each\nintersection where a traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring\nsystem is used and in the aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly\nbasis;\n  5. the number of notices of liability issued for violations recorded\nby such system at each intersection where a traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system is used;\n  6. the number of fines imposed and total amount of fines paid after\nfirst notice of liability;\n  7. the number and percentage of violations adjudicated and results of\nsuch adjudications including breakdowns of disposition made for\nviolations recorded by such systems which shall be provided at least\nannually to such county by the respective courts and bureaus conducting\nsuch adjudications;\n  8. the total amount of revenue realized by such county from such\nadjudications including a breakdown of revenue realized by such county\nfor each year since deployment of its traffic-control signal photo\nviolation-monitoring system;\n  9. expenses incurred by such county in connection with the program;\nand\n  10. quality of the adjudication process and its results which shall be\nprovided at least annually to such county by the respective courts and\nbureaus conducting such adjudications.\n  (o) It shall be a defense to any prosecution for a violation of\nsubdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this article\npursuant to a local law or ordinance adopted pursuant to this section\nthat such traffic-control indications were malfunctioning at the time of\nthe alleged violation.\n  * NB There are 2 § 1111-g's\n  * NB Repealed December 1, 2027\n
N.Y. ENV Law § 37-0709 — New York Code / Act ENV / Article 37 / Title 7 / Section 37-0709
Rules and regulations
Status: in_force

§ 37-0709. Rules and regulations.\n  The department is authorized to promulgate such rules and regulations\nas it shall deem necessary to implement the provisions of this title.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1203-D — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 32 / Section 1203-D
Out-of-state vehicles bearing special identification
Status: in_force

§ 1203-d. Out-of-state vehicles bearing special identification. Motor\nvehicles displaying a special license plate or parking permit issued by\nany other state, district, territory or other governmental entity\nsubject to the laws of the United States, or a foreign country for the\npurpose of granting special parking privileges to people with\ndisabilities shall be accorded the special parking privileges allowed\npursuant to the provisions of sections twelve hundred three-b and twelve\nhundred three-c of this article.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1229-B — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 33 / Section 1229-B
Operation of school, camp and charter omnibuses with passengers standing prohibited
Status: in_force

§ 1229-b. Operation of school, camp and charter omnibuses with\npassengers standing prohibited. 1. When the number of passengers is\ngreater than the number of seats available, it shall be unlawful to\noperate a camp or charter omnibus upon the public highways for a\ndistance of ten miles or more with any passenger standing.\n  2. It shall be unlawful to operate upon the public highways a school\nbus owned by or contracted to a school district with any passenger\nstanding whenever it is employed exclusively for the transportation of\nstudents under the age of twenty-one and teachers or other persons\nacting in a supervisory capacity to or from school or school activities,\nexcept as provided in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subdivision:\n  (a) Standing passengers may be permitted on such a school bus,\nprovided that the number of standing passengers on a school bus shall\nnot exceed the limit established in the following schedule for the\napplicable time period:\n     Period:                              Not more than:\nThrough June 30, 2001                 20% of approved seating capacity\nBetween July 1, 2001 and              15% of approved seating capacity\n June 30, 2002\nBetween July 1, 2002 and              10% of approved seating capacity\n June 30, 2003\nBetween July 1, 2003 and              5% of approved seating capacity\n June 30, 2004\n  (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section to the\ncontrary, standing passengers may be permitted without limitation as to\nnumber during the first ten days of session in each school year, and in\ncircumstances where a breakdown, accident, or other unforeseen\noccurrence necessitates the transportation of standing passengers.\n  (c) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to restrict\nthe power of a city with a population of one million or more to adopt\nand enforce local laws that comply with at least the minimum applicable\nstandards set forth in this section.\n
N.Y. EDN Law § 6438 — New York Code / Act EDN / Title 7 / Article 129-A / Section 6438
Notification of fire safety standards and measures in all college-owned or college-operated housing
Status: in_force

§ 6438. Notification of fire safety standards and measures in all\ncollege-owned or college-operated housing. Each college shall provide\nwritten notification to students residing in college-owned or\ncollege-operated housing with regard to a description of such housing\nfacility's fire safety system, including whether the housing is or is\nnot equipped with a sprinkler system. Each college shall also indicate,\nwithin such written notification, how to access the campus fire safety\nreport on student housing as required under Title 20 of the U.S. Code\nSection 1092(i). For the purposes of this section, "sprinkler system"\nshall have the same meaning as in section one hundred fifty-five-a of\nthe executive law.\n
N.Y. VAT Law § 1277 — New York Code / Act VAT / Title 7 / Article 34-C / Section 1277
Leaving the scene of an incident involving an electric personal assistive mobility device without reporting
Status: in_force

§ 1277. Leaving the scene of an incident involving an electric\npersonal assistive mobility device without reporting. 1. (a) Any person\neighteen years of age or older operating an electric personal assistive\nmobility device who, knowing or having cause to know, that physical\ninjury, as defined in subdivision nine of section 10.00 of the penal\nlaw, has been caused to another person, due to the operation of such\nelectric personal assistive mobility device by such person shall, before\nleaving the place where such physical injury occurred, stop and provide\nhis or her name and residence, including street and street number, to\nthe injured party, if practical, and also to a police officer, or in the\nevent that no police officer is in the vicinity of the place of said\ninjury, then such person shall report said incident as soon as\nphysically able to the nearest police station or judicial officer.\n  (b) A violation of paragraph (a) of this subdivision shall be a\nviolation.\n  2. (a) Any person eighteen years of age or older operating an electric\npersonal assistive mobility device who, knowing or having cause to know,\nthat serious physical injury, as defined in subdivision ten of section\n10.00 of the penal law, has been caused to another person, due to the\noperation of such electric personal assistive mobility device by such\nperson shall, before leaving the place where such serious physical\ninjury occurred, stop and provide his or her name and residence,\nincluding street and street number, to the injured party, if practical,\nand also to a police officer, or in the event that no police officer is\nin the vicinity of the place of said injury, then such person shall\nreport said incident as soon as physically able to the nearest police\nstation or judicial officer.\n  (b) A violation of paragraph (a) of this subdivision shall be a class\nB misdemeanor.\n