N.Y. Const. art. XX, § 1 — Article XX / Section 1
NY Const., Article XX, Section 1
Status: in_force

This constitution shall be in force from and including the first day of January, one thousand nine hundred thirty-nine, except as herein otherwise provided [ 119 ] . Signature [ edit ] DONE in Convention at the Capitol in the city of Albany, the twenty-fifth day of August, in the year one thousand nine hundred thirty-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and sixty-third. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto subscribed our names. FREDERICK E. CRANE, President and Delegate-at-Large U.H. Boyden, Secretary Notes [ edit ] ↑ Section headings are enclosed in brackets throughout the constitution to indicate that they are not a part of the official text. ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 3, 1959; November 7, 2001.). ↑ Except where otherwise indicated, the section was re-enacted without change by the Constitutional Convention of 1938 and readopted by vote of the people November 8, 1938. ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 8, 1949; November 3, 1959; November 6, 1973; November 7, 2001.) ↑ Subdivision (b) repealed by vote of the people November 3, 1964.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. ↑ Subdivision (e) repealed by vote of the people November 5, 1963 ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amendment approved by vote of the people November 7, 1939; further amended by vote of the people November 5, 1957; November 8, 1966; November 4, 1975; November 6, 1984; November 7, 2001.) ↑ [Section 10 which dealt with ownership of lands, yellowtail tenures and escheat was repealed by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962] ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 2, 1937; November 7, 2001.) ↑ At present there are 61 senate districts in accordance with Chapter 1002, Laws of 1983. ↑ (Formerly §3. Repealed and replaced by new §3 amended by vote of the people November 6, 1962.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 6, 1945.) ↑ At present there are 150 assembly districts in accordance with Chapter 1002, Laws of 1983. ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 6, 1945.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 4, 1969.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 4, 1947; November 3, 1964; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Derived in part from former §§7 and 8. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; amended by vote of the people November 2, 1943.) ↑ (Formerly §9. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §10. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Amended by vote of the people November 5, 1963.) ↑ (Formerly §11. Renum¬bered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ Formerly §12. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly § 13. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §14. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §15. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly § 16. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ Formerly §17. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §18. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1964.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 4, 1975.) ↑ (Derived in part from former §6 of Art. 7. Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1964.) ↑ (Formerly §23. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §24. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; amended by vote of the people November 3, 1959.) ↑ (Formerly §25. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §29. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 5, 1963.) ↑ (Amended by Consti¬tutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1953; November 7, 2001.) ↑ Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §4. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1953; November 5, 1963; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §5. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §6. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 8, 1949; November 5, 1963; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §§7 and 8. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 6, 1945; November 3, 1953; November 5, 1963; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §9. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1953; November 8, 1955; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 2, 1943; November 3, 1959; November 7, 1961.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 1961.) ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 1961.) ↑ [Section 5 which dealt with certain offices abolished was repealed by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962] ↑ (Formerly §6. Repealed and new section approved by vote of the people November 8, 1949; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1964; November 3, 1987; November 4, 1997; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ New article adopted by vote of the people November 7, 1961; repealed and replaced former article adopted November 3, 1925, as amended. ↑ Chapter 1006, Laws of 1981 created the twelfth judicial district consisting of the county of Bronx, effective Jan. 1, 1983. ↑ So in original. ("an" should be "any".) ↑ (Former §22 repealed and new §22 added by vote of the people November 8, 1977; amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §10. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1959; November 5, 1963; November 2, 1965.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 8, 1949; November 3, 1953; November 5, 1985; November 2, 1993.) ↑ (Section added by vote of the people November 3, 1953. Paragraphs C-F added, next unnumbered paragraph amended, and three concluding unnumbered paragraphs added by amendment approved by vote of the people November 8, 1955.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Approved by vote of the people November 6, 1951. Substituted for §4, derived in part from former § 10, renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Derived in part from former §10. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; paragraph C further amended by vote of the people November 8, 1949, and November 6, 1951; paragraph A amended by vote of the people November 3, 1953; paragraph E added by vote of the people November 5, 1963 and amended November 6, 1973; further amended by vote of the people November 8, 1983; further amended by vote of the people November 2, 1994; further amended by vote of the people November 4, 2003.) ↑ New article adopted by amendment approved by vote of the people November 5, 1963. Former Article IX repealed, except for sections 5, 6 and 8 which were relettered subdivisions (a), (b) and (c) respectively of new section 13 of Article XIII. ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly § 1 of Art. 8. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §2 of Art. 8. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §4 of Art. 8. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; amended by vote of the people November 8, 1983.) ↑ (Formerly §3 of Art. 8. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 6, 1951.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 7, 1961.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 7, 1961. Formerly duplicate §7 added by vote of the people November 7, 1961; renumbered and amended by vote of the people November 4, 1969; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1981; November 5, 1985; November 5, 1991.) ↑ (Formerly §1 of Art. 9. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §2 of Art. 9. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §4 of Art. 9. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §4, renumbered §3 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former § 4 repealed by same amendment.) ↑ *New article adopted by vote of the people November 6, 1962; repealing and replacing former article adopted November 8, 1938. ↑ (Amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §5 of Art. 10. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §8, renumbered §3 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former §3 repealed by same amendment. Amended by vote of the people November 8, 1977; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §6 of Art. 10. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §9, renumbered §4 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former §4 repealed by same amendment.) ↑ (Formerly §7 of Art. 10. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §10, renumbered §5 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former §5 repealed by same amendment.) ↑ (Formerly §8 of Art. 10. Renumbered by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §11, renumbered §6 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former §6 repealed by same amendment.) ↑ Formerly §9 of Art. 10. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Formerly §12, renumbered 7 without change by amendment approved by vote of the people November 6, 1962; former §7 repealed by same amendment; further amended as §12 by vote of the people November 5, 1963; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Added by amendment approved by vote of the people November 2, 1965.) ↑ No sections 9, 10, 11. ↑ No section 12 (see section 7). ↑ (Added by vote of the people November 5, 1963. Subdivisions (a), (b) and (c), formerly §§5, 6 and 8 of Art. 9. Subdivision (a) amended by vote of the people November 7, 1972; subdivision (a) further amended by vote of the people November 6, 1984; November 7, 1989; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §7 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 4, 1941; November 4, 1947; November 5, 1957; November 3, 1959; November 5, 1963; November 2, 1965; November 6, 1979; November 8, 1983; November 3, 1987; November 5, 1991; November 7, 1995.) ↑ (Derived in part from former §7 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 3, 1953.) ↑ (Formerly §16 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 5, 1957; November 6, 1973.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people Novem¬ber 4, 1969.) ↑ (New. Derived from former §7 of Art. 7. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Renumbered §5 by vote of the people November 4, 1969.) ↑ (Formerly §8 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; November 5, 1991.) ↑ (Formerly duplicate §8 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; November 5, 1991.) ↑ (Formerly §9 of Art. 7. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; November 5, 1991.) ↑ (Added by vote of the people November 3, 1959.) ↑ New article adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 8, 1983; amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Derived in part from former §11 of Art. 8. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Adopted by Constitu¬tional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people Novem¬ber 8, 1938; amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (New. Derived in part from former § 11 of Art. 8. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. Amended by vote of the people November 6, 1973.) ↑ (New. Derived from former §13 of Art. 8. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (New. Added by vote of the people November 4, 1969.) ↑ Entire article new. Adopted by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938. ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 2, 1965.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 2, 1965.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 8, 1955; further amended by vote of the people November 5, 1957.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 8, 1949.) ↑ (Amended by vote of the people November 5, 1957.) ↑ (Formerly §1 of Art. 14. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 4, 1941; November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §2 of Art. 14. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938; further amended by vote of the people November 7, 2001.) ↑ (Formerly §3 of Art. 14. Renumbered and amended by Constitutional Convention of 1938 and approved by vote of the people November 8, 1938.) ↑ (Formerly §1 of Art. 15. 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