N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-03.4 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-03.4
14-02.1-03.4. Required notice at abortion facility
Status: in_force

14-02.1-03.4. Required notice at abortion facility

1. Any abortion facility that performs abortions shall display signs that contain exclusively

the following words: "NOTICE: No one can force you to have an abortion. It is against

the law for a spouse, a boyfriend, a parent, a friend, a medical care provider, or any

other person to in any way force you to have an abortion."

2. The signs must be located so that the signs can be read easily and in areas that

ensure maximum visibility to women at the time a woman gives consent to an abortion.

3. The display of signs pursuant to this section does not discharge any other legal duty of

an abortion facility or physician.

4. The department of health and human services shall make the signs required by this

section available for download in a printable format on its internet website.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-06
14-09.4-06. Verified petition
Status: in_force

14-09.4-06. Verified petition

1. A nonparent shall verify a petition for custody or visitation under penalty of perjury and

allege facts showing the nonparent:

a. Meets the requirements of a consistent caretaker of the child; or

b. Has a substantial relationship with the child and denial of custody or visitation

would result in harm to the child.

2. A petition under subsection 1 must state the relief sought and allege specific facts

showing:

a. The duration and nature of the relationship between the nonparent and the child,

including the period the nonparent lived with the child and the care provided, if

any;

b. The content of any agreement between the parties to the proceeding regarding

care of the child and custody of or visitation or other contact with the child;

c. A description of any previous attempt by the nonparent to obtain custody of or

visitation or other contact with the child;

d. The extent to which the parent is willing to permit the nonparent to have custody

of or visitation or other contact with the child;

e. Information about compensation or expectation of compensation provided to the

nonparent in exchange for care of the child;

f. Information required to establish the jurisdiction of the court under chapter

14-14.1;

g. The reason the requested custody or visitation is in the best interest of the child,

applying the factors in section 14-09.4-11; and

h. If the nonparent alleges a substantial relationship with the child, the reason denial

of custody or visitation to the nonparent would result in harm to the child.

3. If an agreement described in subdivision b of subsection 2 is in a record, the

nonparent shall attach a copy of the agreement to the petition.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-11 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-11
14-02.4-11. Rights of veterans
Status: in_force

14-02.4-11. Rights of veterans

Nothing contained in sections 14-02.4-03 through 14-02.4-06 repeals or modifies a federal,

state, or local statute, regulation, or ordinance creating special rights or preference for veterans.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-18-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-18 / Section 14-18-04
14-18-04. Parental status of donors and deceased persons
Status: repealed

14-18-04. Parental status of donors and deceased persons

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-02
14-02.1-02. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-02.1-02. Definitions

As used in this chapter:

1. "Abortion" means the act of using or prescribing any instrument, medicine, drug, or

any other substance, device, or means with the intent to terminate the clinically

diagnosable pregnancy of a woman, including the elimination of one or more unborn

children in a multifetal pregnancy, with knowledge that the termination by those means

will with reasonable likelihood cause the death of the unborn child. Such use,

prescription, or means is not an abortion if done with the intent to:

a. Remove a dead unborn child caused by spontaneous abortion;

b. Treat a woman for an ectopic pregnancy; or

c. Treat a woman for a molar pregnancy.

2. "Abortion facility" means a clinic, ambulatory surgical center, physician's office, or any

other place or facility in which abortions are performed or prescribed, other than a

hospital.

3. "Abortion-inducing drug" means a medicine, drug, or any other substance prescribed

or dispensed with the intent of causing an abortion.

4. "Drug label" means the pamphlet accompanying an abortion-inducing drug which

outlines the protocol tested and authorized by the federal food and drug administration

and agreed upon by the drug company applying for the federal food and drug

administration authorization of that drug. Also known as "final printing labeling

instructions", drug label is the federal food and drug administration document that

delineates how a drug is to be used according to the federal food and drug

administration approval.

5. "Fertilization" means the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.

6. "Hospital" means an institution licensed by the department of health and human

services under chapter 23-16 and any hospital operated by the United States or this

state.

7. "Human being" means an individual living member of the species of homo sapiens,

including the unborn human being during the entire embryonic and fetal ages from

fertilization to full gestation.

8. "Infant born alive" means a born child which exhibits either heartbeat, spontaneous

respiratory activity, spontaneous movement of voluntary muscles or pulsation of the

umbilical cord if still attached to the child.

9. "Informed consent" means voluntary consent to abortion by the woman upon whom

the abortion is to be performed or induced provided:

a. The woman is told the following by the physician who is to perform the abortion,

by the referring physician, or by the physician's agent, at least twenty-four hours

before the abortion:

(1) The name of the physician who will perform the abortion;

(2) The abortion will terminate the life of a whole, separate, unique, living

human being;

(3) The particular medical risks associated with the particular abortion

procedure to be employed including, when medically accurate, the risks of

infection, hemorrhage, danger to subsequent pregnancies, and infertility;

(4) The probable gestational age of the unborn child at the time the abortion is

to be performed; and

(5) The medical risks associated with carrying her child to term.

b. The woman is informed, by the physician or the physician's agent, at least

twenty-four hours before the abortion:

(1) That medical assistance benefits may be available for prenatal care,

childbirth, and neonatal care and that more detailed information on the

availability of that assistance is contained in the printed materials given to

her as described in section 14-02.1-02.1;

(2) That the printed materials given to her and described in section

14-02.1-02.1 describe the unborn child and list agencies that offer

alternatives to abortion;

(3) That the father is liable to assist in the support of her child, even in

instances in which the father has offered to pay for the abortion; and

(4) That she is free to withhold or withdraw her consent to the abortion at any

time without affecting her right to future care or treatment and without the

loss of any state or federally funded benefits to which she might otherwise

be entitled.

c. The woman certifies in writing, before the abortion, that the information described

in subdivisions a and b has been furnished to her.

d. Before the performance of the abortion, the physician who is to perform or induce

the abortion or the physician's agent receives a copy of the written certification

prescribed by subdivision c.

e. The physician has not received or obtained payment for a service provided to a

patient who has inquired about an abortion or has scheduled an abortion before

the twenty-four-hour period required by this section.

10. "Medical emergency" means a condition that, in reasonable medical judgment, so

complicates the medical condition of the pregnant woman that it necessitates an

immediate abortion to prevent her death or a serious health risk.

11. "Physician" means an individual licensed to practice medicine or osteopathy under

chapter 43-17 or a physician who practices in the armed services of the United States

or in the employ of the United States.

12. "Probable gestational age of the unborn child" means what, in reasonable medical

judgment, will with reasonable probability be the gestational age of the unborn child.

13. "Reasonable medical judgment" means a medical judgment that would be made by a

reasonably prudent physician, knowledgeable about the case and the treatment

possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.

14. "Serious health risk" means a condition that, in reasonable medical judgment,

complicates the medical condition of the pregnant woman so that it necessitates an

abortion to prevent substantial physical impairment of a major bodily function, not

including any psychological or emotional condition. The term may not be based on a

claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct that will result in her death or

in substantial physical impairment of a major bodily function.

15. "Unborn child" means the offspring of human beings from conception until birth.

16. "Viable" means the ability of an unborn child to live outside the mother's womb, albeit

with artificial aid.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.6-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.6 / Section 14-07.6-02
14-07.6-02. Burden of proof - Dismissal - Entry of order restricting abusive litigation
Status: in_force

14-07.6-02. Burden of proof - Dismissal - Entry of order restricting abusive litigation

1. If a court finds by a preponderance of the evidence any of the litigation pending before

the court constitutes abusive litigation, the court shall dispose of the litigation with

prejudice.

2. If the court finds abusive litigation, the court shall enter an order restricting abusive

litigation. The order must:

a. Impose all costs of the abusive litigation against the filing party; and

b. Award the opposing party reasonable attorney's fees and costs associated with

responding to the abusive litigation, including the cost of seeking the order

restricting abusive litigation.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.7 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.7
14-12.2-47.7. (707) Contest of registered convention support order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.7. (707) Contest of registered convention support order

1. Except as otherwise provided in sections 14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13,

sections 14-12.2-39 through 14-12.2-42 apply to a contest of a registered convention

support order.

2. A party contesting a registered convention support order must file a contest not later

than thirty days after notice of the registration but if the contesting party does not

reside in the United States, the contest must be filed not later than sixty days after

notice of the registration.

3. If the nonregistering party fails to contest the registered convention support order by

the time specified in subsection 2, the order is enforceable.

4. A contest of a registered convention support order may be based only on grounds set

forth in section 14-12.2-47.8, and the contesting party bears the burden of proof.

5. In a contest of a registered convention support order, a tribunal of this state:

a. Is bound by the findings of fact on which the foreign tribunal based its jurisdiction;

and

b. May not review the merits of the support order.

6. A tribunal of this state deciding a contest of a registered convention support order shall

promptly notify the parties of its decision.

7. A challenge or appeal, if any, does not stay the enforcement of a convention support

order unless there are exceptional circumstances.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-08-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-08 / Section 14-08-07
14-08-07. Support payments - Payment to court - Transfer of payment to court of recipient's residence - Transfer of proceedings for enforcement of decree - Procedures upon failure to pay
Status: repealed

14-08-07. Support payments - Payment to court - Transfer of payment to court of

recipient's residence - Transfer of proceedings for enforcement of decree - Procedures

upon failure to pay.

Repealed by S.L. 1989, ch. 148, § 36.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.20
14-09-09.20. Interstate income withholding - Notice to obligor
Status: repealed

14-09-09.20. Interstate income withholding - Notice to obligor

Repealed by S.L. 1995, ch. 157, § 4.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-16 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-16
14-10-16. Identification cards - Application - Misrepresentation of age - Falsifying cards - Penalty
Status: repealed

14-10-16. Identification cards - Application - Misrepresentation of age - Falsifying

cards - Penalty.

Repealed by S.L. 1977, ch. 342, § 2.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-42 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-42
14-12.2-42. (608) Confirmed order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-42. (608) Confirmed order

Confirmation of a registered order, whether by operation of law or after notice and hearing,

precludes further contest of the order with respect to any matter that could have been asserted

at the time of registration.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-04-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-04 / Section 14-04-05
14-04-05. Effect of judgment
Status: in_force

14-04-05. Effect of judgment

A judgment of nullity of marriage rendered is conclusive only as against the parties to the

action and those claiming under them.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-28 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-28
14-09-28. Parental custody and visitation rights and duties
Status: repealed

14-09-28. Parental custody and visitation rights and duties

Repealed by S.L. 2009, ch. 149, § 12.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-22
14-07-22. Evidence required to prove relationship
Status: in_force

14-07-22. Evidence required to prove relationship

In any prosecution for desertion or failure to support a wife, husband, or child, no other or

greater evidence is required to prove the relationship of the defendant to such wife, husband, or

child than is or shall be required to prove such relationship in a civil action.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-16 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-16
14-02.4-16. Advertising public accommodations or services - Discriminatory practices - Exceptions
Status: in_force

14-02.4-16. Advertising public accommodations or services - Discriminatory practices

- Exceptions.

It is a discriminatory practice for a person to advertise or in any other manner indicate or

publicize that the patronage of persons of a particular race, color, religion, sex, national origin,

age, physical or mental disability, or status with respect to marriage or public assistance is

unwelcome, objectionable, not acceptable, or not solicited. This section does not prohibit a

notice or advertisement banning minors from places where alcoholic beverages are being

served.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-02
14-10-02. Adults defined
Status: in_force

14-10-02. Adults defined

All persons eighteen years of age and over are adults.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-35 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-35
14-14.1-35. (315) Role of state's attorney
Status: in_force

14-14.1-35. (315) Role of state's attorney

1. In a case arising under this chapter or involving the Hague convention on the civil

aspects of international child abduction, the state's attorney may take any lawful

action, including resort to a proceeding under sections 14-14.1-22 through 14-14.1-37

or any other available civil proceeding to locate a child, obtain the return of a child, or

enforce a child custody determination if there is:

a. An existing child custody determination;

b. A request to do so from a court in a pending child custody proceeding;

c. A reasonable belief that a criminal statute has been violated; or

d. A reasonable belief that the child has been wrongfully removed or retained in

violation of the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child

abduction.

2. A state's attorney acting under this section acts on behalf of the court and may not

represent any party.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-15
14-09.4-15. Findings of fact and conclusions of law
Status: in_force

14-09.4-15. Findings of fact and conclusions of law

When issuing a final order of custody or visitation, the court shall make findings of fact and

conclusions of law on the record in support of its decision or, if the petition is dismissed under

section 14-09.4-07, state the reasons for the dismissal.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-18 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-18
14-07.1-18. Domestic violence or sexual assault program records - Confidentiality - Exceptions - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-07.1-18. Domestic violence or sexual assault program records - Confidentiality -

Exceptions - Penalty.

1. All agents, employees, and volunteers participating in a domestic violence or sexual

assault program shall maintain the confidentiality of the:

a. Address, telephone number, and other identifying information of a safe home, and

place of emergency safe housing;

b. Name, address, telephone number, personally identifying information, and case

file or history of any client receiving services from a domestic violence or sexual

assault program; and

c. Name, address, telephone number, and other identifying information of an agent,

employee, or volunteer providing services under a domestic violence or sexual

assault program.

2. The information described in subsection 1 is not subject to section 44-04-18 and may

not be disclosed unless:

a. A client consents to the release of information that relates only to that client or the

client's dependents;

b. The agent, employee, or volunteer operating a domestic violence or sexual

assault program determines the disclosure of the information necessary for the

efficient and safe operation of a domestic violence or sexual assault program; or

for the protection of the safety of an employee, agent, volunteer, or client of a

domestic violence or sexual assault program; or for the protection of a third party

reasonably thought to be in need of protection;

c. A court of competent jurisdiction orders the disclosure after an in camera review

and a written finding by the court that the information directly and specifically

relates to a determination of child abuse and neglect under chapter 50-25.1 or

termination of parental rights under sections 14-15-19, 27-20.3-20, 27-20.3-21,

27-20.3-22, 27-20.3-23, and 27-20.3-24; or

d. An agent, employee, or volunteer working with a domestic violence or sexual

assault program has knowledge or reasonable cause to suspect a child has been

abused or neglected as defined by section 50-25.1-02.

3. The address, telephone number, and other identifying information of a shelter are

exempt records as defined in section 44-04-17.1.

4. Any person who violates this section is guilty of an infraction.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.4-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.4 / Section 14-07.4-03
14-07.4-03. Nonjudicial enforcement of order
Status: in_force

14-07.4-03. Nonjudicial enforcement of order

1. A law enforcement officer of this state, upon determining that there is probable cause

to believe that a valid foreign protection order exists and that the order has been

violated, shall enforce the order as if it were the order of a tribunal of this state.

Presentation of a protection order that identifies both the protected individual and the

respondent and, on its face, is currently in effect constitutes probable cause to believe

that a valid foreign protection order exists. For the purposes of this section, the

protection order may be inscribed on a tangible medium or may have been stored in

an electronic or other medium if it is retrievable in perceivable form. Presentation of a

certified copy of a protection order is not required for enforcement.

2. If the protection order is not presented, the officer may consider other information in

determining whether there is probable cause to believe that a valid foreign protection

order exists.

3. If a law enforcement officer of this state determines that an otherwise valid foreign

protection order cannot be enforced because the respondent has not been notified or

served with the order, the officer shall inform the respondent of the order and make a

reasonable effort to serve the order upon the respondent. After informing the

respondent and serving the order, the officer shall allow the respondent a reasonable

opportunity to comply with the order before enforcing the order.

4. Registration or filing of an order in this state is not required for the enforcement of a

valid foreign protection order under this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.7-20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.7 / Section 14-07.7-20
14-07.7-20. Orders issued before January 1, 2026
Status: in_force

14-07.7-20. Orders issued before January 1, 2026

An order issued under sections 12.1-31-01.2, 12.1-31.2-01, 14-07.1-02, 14-07.1-03, or

14-07.1-08 before January 1, 2026, remains in effect for the period indicated in the court order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-07.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-07.1
14-02.1-07.1. Forms
Status: in_force

14-02.1-07.1. Forms

The department of health and human services shall make available to physicians, hospitals,

and all abortion facilities the forms required by this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-48 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-48
14-20-48. (621) Admissibility of results of genetic testing - Expenses
Status: in_force

14-20-48. (621) Admissibility of results of genetic testing - Expenses

1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a record of a genetic-testing expert is

admissible as evidence of the truth of the facts asserted in the report unless a party

objects to its admission within fourteen days after its receipt by the objecting party and

cites specific grounds for exclusion. The admissibility of the report is not affected by

whether the testing was performed:

a. Voluntarily or pursuant to an order of the court or a support enforcement agency;

or

b. Before or after the commencement of the proceeding.

2. A party objecting to the results of genetic testing may call one or more genetic-testing

experts to testify in person or by telephone, videoconference, deposition, or another

method approved by the court. Unless otherwise ordered by the court, the party

offering the testimony bears the expense for the expert testifying.

3. If a child has a presumed, acknowledged, or adjudicated father, the results of genetic

testing are inadmissible to adjudicate parentage unless performed:

a. With the consent of both the mother and the presumed, acknowledged, or

adjudicated father; or

b. Pursuant to an order of the court under section 14-20-26.

4. Copies of bills for genetic testing and for prenatal and postnatal health care for the

mother and child which are furnished to the adverse party not less than ten days

before the date of a hearing are admissible to establish:

a. The amount of the charges billed; and

b. That the charges were reasonable, necessary, and customary.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-12
14-19-12. Voluntary paternity establishment service entities - Duties
Status: in_force

14-19-12. Voluntary paternity establishment service entities - Duties

1. At any time after an unmarried woman is determined to be pregnant, a voluntary

paternity establishment entity may:

a. Provide to the mother and the alleged father, if the alleged father is present:

(1) Written materials about paternity establishment;

(2) The forms necessary to voluntarily acknowledge paternity;

(3) A written and oral description of the rights, responsibilities, and legal

consequences of establishing paternity; and

(4) The opportunity to speak, either by telephone or in person, with staff who

are trained to clarify information and answer questions about paternity

establishment; and

b. Provide the mother and the alleged father, if the alleged father is present, the

opportunity to voluntarily acknowledge paternity.

2. Before accepting a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity, a voluntary paternity

establishment service entity shall afford due process safeguards by informing, in

writing, the mother and the alleged father, if the alleged father is present, of the

manner in which a relationship of father and child established under this chapter may

be vacated or rescinded.

3. A voluntary paternity establishment service entity shall forward completed

acknowledgments to the department.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-32 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-32
14-12.2-32. (401) Petition to establish support order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-32. (401) Petition to establish support order

1. If a support order entitled to recognition under this chapter has not been issued, a

responding tribunal of this state with personal jurisdiction over the parties may issue a

support order if:

a. The individual seeking the order resides outside this state; or

b. The support enforcement agency seeking the order is located outside this state.

2. The tribunal may issue a temporary child support order if the tribunal determines that

such an order is appropriate and the individual ordered to pay is:

a. A presumed father of the child;

b. Petitioning to have his paternity adjudicated;

c. Identified as the father of the child through genetic testing;

d. An alleged father who has declined to submit to genetic testing;

e. Shown by clear and convincing evidence to be the father of the child;

f. An acknowledged father as provided by chapter 14-20;

g. The mother of the child; or

h. An individual who has been ordered to pay child support in a previous proceeding

and the order has not been reversed or vacated.

3. Upon finding, after notice and opportunity to be heard, that an obligor owes a duty of

support, the tribunal shall issue a support order directed to the obligor and may issue

other orders under section 14-12.2-17.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-01
14-20-01. (101) Short title
Status: in_force

14-20-01. (101) Short title

This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Parentage Act.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-05
14-09-05. Custody of illegitimate child
Status: repealed

14-09-05. Custody of illegitimate child

Repealed by S.L. 2009, ch. 149, § 12.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-20
14-07.1-20. Domestic violence fatality review commission
Status: in_force

14-07.1-20. Domestic violence fatality review commission

1. The attorney general's office may establish a domestic violence fatality review

commission to review domestic violence deaths that have occurred in the state. The

domestic violence fatality review commission may review incidents in which the

investigation of fatal incidents of domestic violence has been completed or adjudicated

by law enforcement for the purpose of:

a. Recommending policies and protocols to prevent the incidence of domestic

violence and resulting fatalities; and

b. Providing consultation and coordination for agencies involved in the prevention

and investigation of domestic violence.

2. The attorney general shall appoint the membership of the domestic violence fatality

review commission, as appropriate, and may include representatives from:

a. Law enforcement agencies within the state;

b. County or city attorneys and public defenders, and the judiciary;

c. The medical examiner;

d. The department of corrections and rehabilitation;

e. Physicians and mental health professionals;

f. Employees of the department of health and human services and county social

services;

g. Local civic agencies and organizations involved with crime victims and domestic

violence protection, reporting, counseling, and assistance;

h. Other organizations, departments, and agencies determined to be appropriate;

and

i. Other individuals serving on an ad hoc basis in association with a particular

review.

3. The commission may investigate and review the facts and circumstances of all deaths

that occur in the state as a result of domestic violence.

a. The review may include necessary and appropriate information, including current

laws and policies, actions taken by agencies and persons related to or involved

with the incident, criminal justice data collection and analysis, and other

information the commission determines to be relevant to the review.

b. The confidential and other appropriate records of a department or agency of the

state, county, or municipality relating to the domestic violence incident may be

examined by the commission. Upon request or investigative demand from a

representative of the commission, any hospital, physician, medical professional,

medical facility, mental health professional, or mental health facility shall disclose

all records of that person with respect to any death that has occurred as a result

of domestic violence, as determined by the commission. The domestic violence

fatality review commission and each member of the commission shall preserve

the confidentiality of any records examined.

4. The domestic violence fatality review commission shall report its findings and

recommendations from the previous calendar year to the attorney general before

March thirty-first of each year.

5. Meetings of the domestic violence fatality review commission are closed to the public

and are not subject to section 44-04-19.

6. The determinations, conclusions, and recommendations of the domestic violence

fatality review commission are not admissible in a civil or criminal proceeding.

7. Except for a public report issued by the attorney general's office, any information,

records, or data collected by the commission are an exempt record. The commission

may not use the information, records, or data for purposes other than those

designated by this section.

8. Whenever funding is available from grants, a member of the domestic violence fatality

review commission who is not a permanent full-time state employee is entitled to

compensation at a rate of seventy-five dollars per day and mileage and expense

reimbursement as provided for in sections 44-08-04 and 54-06-09. A state employee

who is a member of the commission must receive that employee's regular salary and

is entitled to mileage and expense reimbursement as provided for in sections 44-08-04

and 54-06-09, to be paid by the employing agency.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.3-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.3 / Section 14-02.3-02
14-02.3-02. Use of public funds for family planning - Use for the performance, referral, and encouragement of abortion prohibited
Status: in_force

14-02.3-02. Use of public funds for family planning - Use for the performance, referral,

and encouragement of abortion prohibited.

No funds of this state or any agency, county, municipality, or any other subdivision thereof

and no federal funds passing through the state treasury or a state agency may be used as

family planning funds by any person or public or private agency which performs, refers, or

encourages abortion.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-21
14-20-21. (311) Full faith and credit
Status: in_force

14-20-21. (311) Full faith and credit

A court of this state shall give full faith and credit to an acknowledgment of paternity or

denial of paternity effective in another state if the acknowledgment or denial has been signed

and is otherwise in compliance with the law of the other state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.3-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.3 / Section 14-07.3-03
14-07.3-03. Access procedures for parents
Status: in_force

14-07.3-03. Access procedures for parents

The counseling center shall establish procedures to provide access by a parent, guardian,

or custodian of a minor to private information concerning the minor, subject to the following:

1. The counseling center may deny parental access to private information when the

minor, who is the subject of that information, requests that the counseling center deny

the access. The counseling center shall provide the minors who seek counseling,

treatment, or other assistance from the center with a notification that the minor has the

right to request that parental access to private information be denied. The counseling

center may require the minor submit a written request that the access be denied. The

written request must set forth the reasons for denying parental access and must be

signed by the minor.

2. Upon receipt of the request, the counseling center shall determine if honoring the

request to deny parental access would be in the best interest of the minor. In making

the determination, the counseling center shall consider the following:

a. Whether the minor is of sufficient age and maturity to be able to explain the

reasons for and to understand the consequences of the request to deny access.

b. Whether the personal situation of the minor is such that denying parental access

may protect the minor from physical or emotional harm.

c. Whether there is a basis for believing that the minor's reasons for denying

parental access are reasonably accurate.

d. Whether the private information in question is of a nature that disclosure of the

information to a parent could lead to physical or emotional harm to the minor.

e. Whether the private information concerns medical, dental, or other health needs

of the minor and if so, the information may be released only if failure to inform the

parent would seriously jeopardize the health of the minor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-05
14-14.1-05. (106) Effect of child custody determination
Status: in_force

14-14.1-05. (106) Effect of child custody determination

A child custody determination made by a court of this state that had jurisdiction under this

chapter binds all persons who have been served in accordance with the laws of this state or

notified in accordance with section 14-14.1-07 or who have submitted to the jurisdiction of the

court and who have been given an opportunity to be heard. As to those persons, the

determination is conclusive as to all decided issues of law and fact, except to the extent the

determination is modified.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-26 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-26
14-02.5-26. Charge
Status: in_force

14-02.5-26. Charge

1. A charge issued under section 14-02.5-25 must consist of a short and plain statement

of the facts on which the department finds reasonable cause to believe that a

discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur, must be based on

the final investigative report, and is not limited to the facts or grounds alleged in the

complaint.

2. Within three days after issuing a charge, the department shall send a copy of the

charge with information about the election under section 14-02.5-30 to each

respondent and each aggrieved person on whose behalf the complaint was filed.

3. The department shall include with a charge sent to a respondent a notice of the

opportunity for a hearing under section 14-02.5-31.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-20
14-12.2-20. (308) Duty of attorney general
Status: in_force

14-12.2-20. (308) Duty of attorney general

1. If the attorney general determines that the support enforcement agency is neglecting

or refusing to provide services to an individual, the attorney general may order the

agency to perform its duties under this chapter or may provide those services directly

to the individual.

2. The attorney general may determine that a foreign country has established a

reciprocal arrangement for child support with this state and take appropriate action for

notification of the determination.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-05
14-12.2-05. (202) Duration of personal jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-12.2-05. (202) Duration of personal jurisdiction

Personal jurisdiction acquired by a tribunal of this state in a proceeding under this chapter

or other law of this state relating to a support order continues as long as a tribunal of this state

has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its order or continuing jurisdiction to enforce its

order as provided by sections 14-12.2-08, 14-12.2-09, and 14-12.2-12.2.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-05
14-07-05. Rights and liabilities of married person
Status: in_force

14-07-05. Rights and liabilities of married person

Any person after marriage has with respect to property, contracts, and torts the same

capacity and rights and is subject to the same liabilities as before marriage, including liability to

suit by the person's spouse. In all actions by or against a married person, the married person

shall sue and be sued in the person's own name.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-16 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-16
14-12.2-16. (304) Duties of initiating tribunal
Status: in_force

14-12.2-16. (304) Duties of initiating tribunal

1. Upon the filing of a petition authorized by this chapter, an initiating tribunal of this state

shall forward the petition and its accompanying documents:

a. To the responding tribunal or appropriate support enforcement agency in the

responding state; or

b. If the identity of the responding tribunal is unknown, to the state information

agency of the responding state with a request that they be forwarded to the

appropriate tribunal and that receipt be acknowledged.

2. If requested by the responding tribunal, a tribunal of this state shall issue a certificate

or other document and make findings required by the law of the responding state. If

the responding tribunal is in a foreign country, upon request the tribunal of this state

shall specify the amount of support sought, convert that amount into the equivalent

amount in the foreign currency under applicable official or market exchange rate as

publicly reported, and provide any other documents necessary to satisfy the

requirements of the responding foreign tribunal.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-41 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-41
14-12.2-41. (607) Contest of registration or enforcement
Status: in_force

14-12.2-41. (607) Contest of registration or enforcement

1. A party contesting the validity or enforcement of a registered order or seeking to

vacate the registration has the burden of proving one or more of the following

defenses:

a. The issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction over the contesting party;

b. The order was obtained by fraud;

c. The order has been vacated, suspended, or modified by a later order;

d. The issuing tribunal has stayed the order pending appeal;

e. There is a defense under the law of this state to the remedy sought;

f. Full or partial payment has been made;

g. The statute of limitation under section 14-12.2-38 precludes enforcement of some

or all of the alleged arrearages; or

h. The alleged controlling order is not the controlling order.

2. If a party presents evidence establishing a full or partial defense under subsection 1, a

tribunal may stay enforcement of the registered order, continue the proceeding to

permit production of additional relevant evidence, and issue other appropriate orders.

An uncontested portion of the registered order may be enforced by all remedies

available under the law of this state.

3. If the contesting party does not establish a defense under subsection 1 to the validity

or enforcement of the order, the registering tribunal shall issue an order confirming the

order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-22
14-12.2-22. (310) Duties of state information agency
Status: in_force

14-12.2-22. (310) Duties of state information agency

1. The department of health and human services is the state information agency under

this chapter.

2. The state information agency shall:

a. Compile and maintain a current list, including addresses, of the tribunals in this

state which have jurisdiction under this chapter and any support enforcement

agencies in this state and transmit a copy to the state information agency of every

other state.

b. Maintain a register of names and addresses of tribunals and support enforcement

agencies received from other states.

c. Forward to the appropriate tribunal in the county in this state in which the obligee

who is an individual or the obligor resides, or in which the obligor's property is

believed to be located, all documents concerning a proceeding under this chapter

received from another state or foreign country.

d. Obtain information concerning the location of the obligor and the obligor's

property within this state not exempt from execution, by such means as postal

verification and federal or state locator services, examination of telephone

directories, requests for the obligor's address from employers, and examination of

governmental records, including, to the extent not prohibited by other law, those

relating to real property, vital statistics, law enforcement, taxation, motor vehicles,

driver's licenses, and social security.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-22
14-03-22. Marriage license fee - Supplemental fee - Fee for marriage ceremony - Duties of officers
Status: in_force

14-03-22. Marriage license fee - Supplemental fee - Fee for marriage ceremony -

Duties of officers.

1. For the issuance and filing of a marriage license, the recorder, unless the board of

county commissioners designates a different official, shall collect a fee of up to thirty

dollars from the party applying for the license.

2. In addition to the license fee provided for in subsection 1, the recorder, or designated

official, shall collect from the applicant a supplemental fee of thirty-five dollars for aid to

victims of domestic violence through the domestic violence prevention fund in

accordance with chapter 14-07.1.

3. For performing a marriage ceremony during regular courthouse hours, the recorder, or

designated official, shall collect a fee of thirty dollars which is to be retained by the

county. If the marriage ceremony is performed at a time other than during regular

courthouse hours, the recorder, or designated official, may collect and retain a fee in

an amount to be determined by the recorder, or designated official.

4. Except as provided in this section, all collected fees must be deposited monthly with

the county treasurer. The county treasurer shall forward the amount represented by

supplemental fees to the state treasurer by the fifteenth of each month for crediting to

the domestic violence prevention fund.

5. The recorder, or designated official, shall prepare a copy of the license and certificate

and transmit them to the registrar of vital statistics who shall record them in a book of

records kept in the registrar's office for that purpose. The registrar shall index the

records and upon request shall issue certified copies of the recorded license and

certificate for a one dollar fee. The registrar shall keep an accurate account of these

fees and shall turn them over to the state treasurer by the fifteenth of each month for

crediting to the general fund.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.7-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.7 / Section 14-07.7-01
14-07.7-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-07.7-01. Definitions

For purposes of this chapter:

1. a. "Civil protection order" means a protection order that prohibits the restrained

individual from:

(1) Contacting, harassing, injuring, intimidating, molesting, threatening,

touching, stalking, sexually assaulting, or abusing any protected individual;

(2) Entering or remaining on premises;

(3) Coming within a specified distance of the protected individual or premises;

or

(4) Any other action necessary to protect the protected individual from imminent

danger to life or health.

b. A civil protection order may be a:

(1) Disorderly conduct restraining order;

(2) Domestic violence protection order; or

(3) Sexual assault restraining order.

2. "Contact" means any interaction or communication with another individual, directly or

indirectly, including electronic, digital, and social media communication.

3. "Disorderly conduct" means intrusive or unwanted acts, words, or gestures intended to

adversely affect the safety, security, or privacy of another individual. Disorderly

conduct includes human trafficking and attempted human trafficking as defined in

title 12.1. Disorderly conduct does not include constitutionally protected activity.

4. "Domestic violence" includes physical harm, bodily injury, stalking, sexual activity

compelled by physical force, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical harm,

bodily injury, sexual activity compelled by physical force, or assault, not committed in

self-defense, on the complaining family or household member.

5. "Family or household member" means a spouse, family member, former spouse,

parent, child, individual related by blood or marriage, individuals who are or were in a

dating relationship, individuals residing together or who have resided together in the

past, individuals with a child in common regardless of relationship status and, for the

purpose of the issuance of a civil protection order, any other individual with a sufficient

relationship to the abusing individual as determined by the court under section

14-07.7-07.

6. "Protected individual" means the individual identified in a civil protection order issued

under this chapter as the individual for whose benefit the civil protection order was

issued.

7. "Sexual assault" means any nonconsensual offense in chapter 12.1-20 for which

sexual act or sexual conduct, as defined in section 12.1-20-02, is an element.

8. "Stalking" has the meaning as in section 12.1-17-07.1. Domestic violence and

disorderly conduct include stalking.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-01
14-15-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-15-01. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Abandon" means:

a. As to a parent of a child not in the custody of that parent, failure by the

noncustodial parent significantly without justifiable cause to:

(1) Communicate through physical contact or oral conversation with the child; or

(2) Provide for the care and support of the child as required by law.

b. As to a parent of a child in that parent's custody:

(1) To leave the child for an indefinite period without making firm and agreed

plans, with the child's immediate caregiver, for the parent's resumption of

physical custody;

(2) Following the child's birth or treatment at a hospital, to fail to arrange for the

child's discharge within ten days after the child no longer requires hospital

care; or

(3) To willfully fail to furnish food, shelter, clothing, or medical attention

reasonably sufficient to meet the child's needs.

2. "Adult" means an individual who is not a minor.

3. "Agency" means an entity licensed under chapter 50-12 to place minors for adoption.

4. "Child" means a son or daughter, whether by birth or adoption.

5. "Court" means the district court of this state, and when the context requires means the

court of any other state empowered to grant petitions for adoption.

6. "Department" means the department of health and human services.

7. "Genetic parent" means the biological mother or adjudicated mother of the adopted

child, or the presumed father or adjudicated father of the adopted child under chapter

14-20.

8. "Genetic sibling" means individuals with genetic relationship of sister, brother,

half-sister, or half-brother.

9. "Human service zone" means a county or consolidated group of counties

administering human services within a designated area in accordance with an

agreement or plan approved by the department.

10. "Identifying" includes full name, address, date of birth, telephone number, or anything

that may lead to the identity of any previously undisclosed individual.

11. "Investigation" includes information obtained regarding the child's history, a

preplacement adoption assessment of the prospective adoptive family, and an

evaluation of the child's placement in the adoptive home.

12. "Minor" means an individual under the age of eighteen years.

13. "Nonidentifying adoptive information" means:

a. Age of genetic parent in years at the birth of the adopted child.

b. Heritage of genetic parent.

c. Educational attainments, including the number of years of school completed by

genetic parent at the time of birth of the adopted child.

d. General physical appearance of genetic parent at the time of birth of the adopted

child, including the height, weight, color of hair, eyes, skin, and other information

of a similar nature.

e. Talents, hobbies, and special interests of genetic parents.

f. Existence of any other children born to either genetic parent.

g. Reasons for child being placed for adoption or for termination of parental right.

h. Religion of genetic parent.

i. Vocation of genetic parent in general terms.

j. Health history of genetic parents and blood relatives in a manner prescribed by

the department.

k. Such further information which, in the judgment of the agency, will not be

detrimental to the adoptive parent or the adopted individual requesting the

information, but the additional information may not identify genetic parents by

name or location.

14. "Relative" means any individual having the following relationship to the minor by

marriage, blood, or adoption: brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, first cousin, uncle,

aunt, or grandparent.

15. "Stepparent" means an individual who is married to a parent of a child who has not

adopted the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-22
14-15-22. Short title
Status: in_force

14-15-22. Short title

This chapter may be cited as the Revised Uniform Adoption Act.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-08
14-07.1-08. Emergency relief
Status: repealed

14-07.1-08. Emergency relief

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 145, § 17.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-08.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-08.1
14-02.4-08.1. Exercise of religion
Status: in_force

14-02.4-08.1. Exercise of religion

1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a state or local government entity may not:

a. Substantially burden a person's exercise of religion unless applying the burden to

that person's exercise of religion in a particular situation is essential to further a

compelling governmental interest and is the least restrictive means of furthering

that compelling government interest;

b. Treat religious conduct more restrictively than any secular conduct of reasonably

comparable risk; or

c. Treat religious conduct more restrictively than any comparable secular conduct

because of alleged economic need or benefit.

2. A person claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of this section may assert that

violation as a claim or defense in a judicial proceeding and obtain appropriate relief,

including costs and reasonable attorney's fees.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-07
14-10-07. Marriage of minors under supervision of juvenile court may be annulled - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-10-07. Marriage of minors under supervision of juvenile court may be annulled -

Penalty.

A minor, while under the supervision or custody of the juvenile court or the superintendent of

the North Dakota youth correctional center, may not marry without the order of the juvenile court

or of the superintendent of the North Dakota youth correctional center, as the case may be. Any

such marriage made without such order is subject to annulment in a proceeding brought in

district court by the state's attorney or by any person authorized by law to bring such annulment

action. A person knowingly aiding, abetting, or encouraging such marriage is guilty of a class A

misdemeanor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.1
14-09-09.1. Child support - Wage assignment - Procedures
Status: repealed

14-09-09.1. Child support - Wage assignment - Procedures

Repealed by S.L. 1987, ch. 183, § 16.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-15
14-07-15. Abandonment or nonsupport of child - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-07-15. Abandonment or nonsupport of child - Penalty

1. Every parent or other person legally responsible for the care or support of a child who

wholly abandons the child or willfully fails to furnish food, shelter, clothing, and medical

attention reasonably necessary and sufficient to meet the child's needs is guilty of a

class C felony.

2. Any food, shelter, clothing, or medical attention furnished by or through a welfare or

charitable program of any governmental agency, civic or religious organization, or a

combination thereof, or any intervening third party, on the basis of need, does not

avoid, excuse, relieve, or discharge either parent or person legally responsible for care

and support of a child from the criminal penalty for the willful failure or neglect to

provide such support.

3. A parent is not relieved, excused, or discharged from the responsibility and criminal

penalty provided in this section if the other parent is providing the child with care and

support unless the parents reside together.

4. The fact, if it is a fact, that either parent may have secured a divorce awarding the

custody of the child, in no manner relieves either parent from the requirements and

penalty of this section, except that compliance with the terms of a child support order

by a parent is an affirmative defense to a charge under this section made against that

parent.

5. If the parent or other person legally responsible for the care or support of a child, while

in another state and while the minor child is in this state, wholly abandons the child or

willfully fails to furnish food, clothing, shelter, and medical attention reasonably

necessary and sufficient to meet the child's needs, the failure must be construed to

have been committed in this state and all of the laws of this state with reference to

punishment apply with the same force and effect as if the abandonment and failure to

support had occurred in this state.

6. For purposes of this section, "willfully" has the meaning provided in section 12.1-02-02.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.12
14-09-09.12. Provision of notice of impact of income withholding law to obligors
Status: in_force

14-09-09.12. Provision of notice of impact of income withholding law to obligors

Each judgment or order issued by a court in this state which includes an order for support of

minor children, but which does not require immediate income withholding, must include a

statement that a delinquency in payment of the support due or the approved request of the

obligee will result in an income withholding order being issued in accordance with this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02 / Section 14-02-04
14-02-04. Civil slander defined
Status: in_force

14-02-04. Civil slander defined

Slander is a false and unprivileged publication other than libel, which:

1. Charges any person with crime, or with having been indicted, convicted, or punished

for crime;

2. Imputes to the person the present existence of an infectious, contagious, or loathsome

disease;

3. Tends directly to injure the person in respect to the person's office, profession, trade,

or business, either by imputing to the person general disqualifications in those

respects which the office or other occupation peculiarly requires, or by imputing

something with reference to the person's office, profession, trade, or business that has

a natural tendency to lessen its profits;

4. Imputes to the person impotence or want of chastity; or

5. By natural consequence causes actual damage.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-24.3 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-24.3
14-05-24.3. Property and debt listing information confidential - Exception
Status: in_force

14-05-24.3. Property and debt listing information confidential - Exception

1. Except as provided in subsections 2 and 3, the property and debt listing of the parties

to a divorce which is filed with the court or included in a judgment for divorce is a

confidential record.

2. Upon providing written notice to all parties, any person may file a motion, supported by

affidavit showing good cause, for access to the property and debt listing contained in a

judgment for divorce.

3. The court shall allow access to the property and debt listing, or relevant portions of the

information, if the court finds the public interest in granting access or the personal

interest of the person seeking access outweighs the privacy interests of the parties or

the parties' dependent children. In granting access the court may impose conditions

necessary to balance the interests consistent with this subsection.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-08.1-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-08.1 / Section 14-08.1-07
14-08.1-07. Suspension of motor vehicle operator's license for nonpayment of child support or failure to obey subpoena
Status: in_force

14-08.1-07. Suspension of motor vehicle operator's license for nonpayment of child

support or failure to obey subpoena.

When considering a contempt citation against a child support obligor who is in arrears in

child support in an amount greater than three times the monthly child support obligation and the

obligor is not current in a court-established plan to repay the unpaid child support arrears, or

who has failed, after receiving appropriate notice, to comply with a subpoena relating to a

paternity or child support matter, the court shall determine whether the obligor has a motor

vehicle operator's license issued under chapter 39-06. The court may restrict or suspend a

motor vehicle operator's license issued by the state which is held by the obligor. The court shall

notify the department of transportation of the court's decision to restrict or suspend an obligor's

motor vehicle operator's license. An appeal by an obligor who has had a motor vehicle

operator's license restricted or suspended under this section is an appeal from the court's order

and may not be appealed to the department of transportation. Except for statistical purposes, an

entry on the driving record or abstract of a restriction or suspension under this section after the

restriction or suspension ceases may not be available to the public other than by order of a

court of competent jurisdiction. A suspension under this section is not subject to the financial

responsibility reporting requirements.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-06.6 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-06.6
14-09-06.6. Limitations on postjudgment modifications of primary residential responsibility
Status: in_force

14-09-06.6. Limitations on postjudgment modifications of primary residential

responsibility.

1. Unless agreed to in writing by the parties, or if included in the parenting plan, no

motion for an order to modify primary residential responsibility may be made earlier

than two years after the date of entry of an order establishing primary residential

responsibility, except in accordance with subsection 3.

2. Unless agreed to in writing by the parties, or if included in the parenting plan, if a

motion for modification has been disposed of upon its merits, no subsequent motion

may be filed within two years of disposition of the prior motion, except in accordance

with subsection 5.

3. The time limitation in subsections 1 and 2 does not apply if the court finds:

a. The persistent and willful denial or interference with parenting time;

b. The child's present environment may endanger the child's physical or emotional

health or impair the child's emotional development; or

c. The primary residential responsibility for the child has changed to the other parent

for longer than six months.

4. A party seeking modification of an order concerning primary residential responsibility

shall serve and file moving papers and supporting affidavits and shall give notice to the

other party to the proceeding who may serve and file a response and opposing

affidavits. The court shall consider the motion on briefs and without oral argument or

evidentiary hearing and shall deny the motion unless the court finds the moving party

has established a prima facie case justifying a modification. The court shall set a date

for an evidentiary hearing only if a prima facie case is established.

5. The court may not modify the primary residential responsibility within the two-year

period following the date of entry of an order establishing primary residential

responsibility unless the court finds the modification is necessary to serve the best

interests of the child and:

a. The persistent and willful denial or interference with parenting time;

b. The child's present environment may endanger the child's physical or emotional

health or impair the child's emotional development; or

c. The residential responsibility for the child has changed to the other parent for

longer than six months.

6. The court may modify the primary residential responsibility after the two-year period

following the date of entry of an order establishing primary residential responsibility if

the court finds:

a. On the basis of facts that have arisen since the prior order or which were

unknown to the court at the time of the prior order, a material change has

occurred in the circumstances of the child or the parties; and

b. The modification is necessary to serve the best interests of the child.

7. The court may modify a prior order concerning primary residential responsibility at any

time if the court finds a stipulated agreement by the parties to modify the order is in the

best interests of the child.

8. Upon a motion to modify primary residential responsibility under this section, the

burden of proof is on the moving party.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02 / Section 14-02-03
14-02-03. Civil libel defined
Status: in_force

14-02-03. Civil libel defined

Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed

representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy,

or which causes the person to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure the

person in the person's occupation.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-08
14-05-08. Abuse of alcohol or controlled substances defined
Status: in_force

14-05-08. Abuse of alcohol or controlled substances defined

Abuse of alcohol or controlled substances is that degree of use which disqualifies the

person a great portion of the time from properly attending to business or which reasonably

would inflict a course of great mental anguish upon the innocent party. For purposes of this

chapter, "controlled substance" means a substance as defined in section 19-03.1-01.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.16 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.16
14-09-09.16. Service of income withholding order on income payer
Status: in_force

14-09-09.16. Service of income withholding order on income payer

1. The child support agency shall serve the income withholding order on the income

payer by first-class mail or in any other manner agreed to by the income payer, and

upon the obligor by first-class mail to the obligor's last-known address.

2. If the obligor is subject to immediate income withholding under section 14-09-09.24, an

income withholding order must be served on any known income payer within two

business days of the date of receipt of information necessary to carry out income

withholding. Subject to the provisions of section 14-09-09.17, if service of an income

withholding order has been or may have been properly made under this section, an

income withholding order must be served on any subsequently identified income payer

within two business days of the date of receipt of information necessary to carry out

income withholding.

3. An income withholding order may also be issued and served at the request of the

obligor.

4. The income payer shall withhold a stated amount, determined under section

14-09-09.30, from the obligor's income at the time the obligor is paid for transmittal to

the child support agency within seven business days of the date the obligor is paid,

together with a report of the date upon which the amount was withheld from the

obligor's income.

5. The income payer may also withhold and retain an additional sum of three dollars per

month from the obligor's income to cover expenses involved in transmitting payment.

6. The amount to be withheld, including amounts to cover expenses involved in

transmitting payment, may not exceed fifty percent of the obligor's disposable income

from this income payer, but a payment of an amount less than the ordered amount

must be accompanied by a written calculation disclosing any of the obligor's income

and disposable income which is payable by the income payer.

7. The income payer shall begin withholding no later than the first payday that occurs

after service of the income withholding order.

8. If the income payer is served with more than one income withholding order issued

under this chapter on a single obligor and the combined total amount to be paid under

the income withholding orders exceeds fifty percent of the obligor's disposable income,

the income payer shall withhold the maximum amount permitted and transmit to the

child support agency that portion thereof which the obligee's claim bears to the

combined total of all claims.

9. The income payer shall notify the child support agency in writing of the termination of a

duty to pay income to the obligor within seven business days of the termination. The

notification must include the name and address of the obligor's subsequent income

payer, if known.

10. If the income payer is subject to income withholding orders for more than one obligor,

the income payer may combine in a single payment the amounts for all obligors who

have been ordered to pay the child support agency with identification of the amount

attributed to each obligor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-04
14-15-04. Venue - Inconvenient forum - Caption
Status: in_force

14-15-04. Venue - Inconvenient forum - Caption

1. Proceedings for adoption must be brought in the court for the place in which, at the

time of filing or granting the petition, the petitioner, or the individual to be adopted

resides or is in military service or in which the agency having the care, custody, or

control of the minor is located.

2. If the court finds in the interest of substantial justice that the matter should be heard in

another forum, the court may transfer, stay, or dismiss the proceeding in whole or in

part on any conditions that are just.

3. The caption of a petition for adoption must be styled substantially "In the Matter of the

Adoption of ___________". The individual to be adopted must be designated in the

caption under the name by which that individual is to be known if the petition is

granted. If the child is placed for adoption by an agency, any name by which the child

was previously known may not be disclosed in the petition, the notice of hearing, or in

the decree of adoption.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-11 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-11
14-07-11. Spouse liable for support - Exception
Status: in_force

14-07-11. Spouse liable for support - Exception

An abandoned spouse is not liable for the support of the other spouse unless there is an

offer to return on the part of the abandoning spouse or the abandonment is justified by

misconduct. A party is not an abandoned spouse if the other party resides elsewhere for medical

or behavioral health treatment.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-23 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-23
14-05-23. Temporary support, attorney's fees, and parental rights and responsibilities
Status: in_force

14-05-23. Temporary support, attorney's fees, and parental rights and responsibilities

During any time in which an action for separation or divorce is pending, the court, upon

application of a party, may issue an order requiring a party to pay such support as may be

necessary for the support of a party and minor children of the parties and for the payment of

attorney's fees. The court in the order may make an order concerning parental rights and

responsibilities concerning the children of the parties. The order may be issued and served in

accordance with the North Dakota Rules of Court. The court may include in the order a

provision for domestic violence protection provided the party has submitted a verified petition for

the order which is sufficient to meet the criteria defined in subsection 2 of section 14-07.1-01. A

violation of the protection provision of the order is subject to the penalties established in section

14-07.7-17 and the arrest procedures authorized in section 14-07.7-18.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02 / Section 14-02-01
14-02-01. General personal rights
Status: in_force

14-02-01. General personal rights

Every person, subject to the qualifications and restrictions provided by law, has the right of

protection from bodily restraint or harm, from personal insult, from defamation, and from injury to

the person's personal relations.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-21
14-03-21. Return of license and certificate - Duplicate delivered to persons married - Records kept - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-03-21. Return of license and certificate - Duplicate delivered to persons married -

Records kept - Penalty.

When a person authorized by law solemnizes a marriage, that person shall fill out and sign

the certificate following the license in duplicate, giving the person's official title, or if a minister of

the gospel or priest, the ecclesiastical body with which the minister or priest is connected. The

original copy of the certificate and license must be returned to the official who issued the license

within five days after the date of the solemnization of the marriage and the duplicate copy must

be immediately delivered to the persons married. The official shall file the original copy and

retain it as an official record. Any person who willfully neglects to make such return within the

time required is subject to the penalty provided in section 14-03-28.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10.1-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10.1 / Section 14-10.1-01
14-10.1-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-10.1-01. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires:

1. "Bank" means any association, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of

banking, including a national banking association, savings bank, industrial bank, or

trust company.

2. "Broker" means a person, including a bank, lawfully engaged in the business of

effecting transactions in securities for the account of others and includes a broker

lawfully engaged in buying and selling securities for the broker's own account.

3. "Issuer" means a person who places or authorizes the placing of the person's name on

a security, other than as a transfer agent, to evidence that it represents a share,

participation, or other interest in the person's property or in an enterprise or to

evidence the person's duty to perform an obligation evidenced by the security, or who

becomes responsible for or in place of any such person.

4. "Person" includes a corporation, limited liability company, government or governmental

subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or

more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial

entity.

5. "Security" includes any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of

indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in an oil, gas, or mining title or

lease or in payment out of production under such a title or lease, collateral trust

certificate, transferable share, voting trust certificate or, in general, any interest or

instrument commonly known as a security, or any certificate or interest or participation

in, any temporary or interim certificate, receipt, or certificate of deposit for, or any

warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.

6. "Third party" means a person other than a bank, broker, transfer agent, or issuer who

with respect to a security held by a minor effects a transaction otherwise than directly

with the minor.

7. "Transfer agent" means a person who acts as authenticating trustee, transfer agent,

registrar, or other agent for an issuer in the registration of transfers of securities, in the

issue of new securities, or in the cancellation of surrendered securities.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08.21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08.21
14-09-08.21. Termination of parental rights - Duty of support
Status: in_force

14-09-08.21. Termination of parental rights - Duty of support

Notice of a proposed termination or relinquishment of parental rights must be given to the

department of health and human services in the manner appropriate for the service of process

in a civil action in this state. A termination of parental rights terminates a monthly support

obligation but does not relieve a parent of the duty to pay any unpaid child support.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-52 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-52
14-20-52. (631) Rules for adjudication of paternity
Status: in_force

14-20-52. (631) Rules for adjudication of paternity

The court shall apply the following rules to adjudicate the paternity of a child:

1. The paternity of a child having a presumed, acknowledged, or adjudicated father may

be disproved only by admissible results of genetic testing excluding that man as the

father of the child or identifying another man as the father of the child.

2. Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic

testing, a man identified as the father of a child under section 14-20-29 must be

adjudicated the father of the child.

3. If the court finds that genetic testing under section 14-20-29 neither identifies nor

excludes a man as the father of a child, the court may not dismiss the proceeding. In

that event, the results of genetic testing, and other evidence, are admissible to

adjudicate the issue of paternity.

4. Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic

testing, a man excluded as the father of a child by genetic testing must be adjudicated

not to be the father of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.4-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.4 / Section 14-07.4-04
14-07.4-04. Registration of order
Status: in_force

14-07.4-04. Registration of order

1. Any individual may register a foreign protection order in this state. To register a foreign

protection order, an individual shall present a certified copy of the order to any clerk of

district court in this state.

2. Upon receipt of a protection order, the clerk of district court shall register the order in

accordance with this section. After the order is registered, the clerk of district court

shall furnish to the individual registering the order a certified copy of the registered

order. If a foreign order is registered, the clerk of district court shall transmit a copy of

the order to the appropriate law enforcement agency.

3. The clerk of district court shall register an order upon presentation of a copy of a

protection order which has been certified by the issuing state. A registered foreign

protection order which is inaccurate or is not currently in effect shall be corrected or

removed from the registry in accordance with the law of this state.

4. An individual registering a foreign protection order shall file an affidavit by the

protected individual that, to the best of the individual's knowledge, the order is

currently in effect.

5. A foreign protection order registered under this chapter may be entered in any existing

state or federal registries of protection orders, in accordance with state or federal law.

6. A fee may not be charged for the registration of a foreign protection order or the

correction or removal of a foreign protection order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-05.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-05.2
14-02.1-05.2. Abortion after detectable heartbeat in unborn child prohibited - Exception - Penalty
Status: repealed

14-02.1-05.2. Abortion after detectable heartbeat in unborn child prohibited -

Exception - Penalty.

Repealed by S.L. 2023, ch. 122, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-13 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-13
14-09-13. Neglect of child - Parent liable to third person
Status: in_force

14-09-13. Neglect of child - Parent liable to third person

If a parent neglects to provide articles necessary for that parent's child who is under that

parent's charge, according to that parent's circumstances, a third person in good faith may

supply such necessaries and recover the reasonable value thereof from the parent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-35 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-35
14-12.2-35. (601) Registration of order for enforcement
Status: in_force

14-12.2-35. (601) Registration of order for enforcement

A support order or an income-withholding order issued in another state or a foreign support

order may be registered in this state for enforcement.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-02.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-02.2
14-07.1-02.2. Foreign domestic violence protection orders - Full faith and credit recognition and enforcement
Status: repealed

14-07.1-02.2. Foreign domestic violence protection orders - Full faith and credit

recognition and enforcement.

Repealed by S.L. 2003, ch. 123, § 3.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-18.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-18.1
14-10-18.1. Blood donation - Minors
Status: in_force

14-10-18.1. Blood donation - Minors

An individual who is at least sixteen years of age may donate blood on a voluntary and

noncompensatory basis without obtaining the consent of the individual's parent or guardian. Any

notification of a medical condition must be mailed to the donor and the donor's parent or

guardian.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03.2-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03.2 / Section 14-03.2-02
14-03.2-02. Scope
Status: in_force

14-03.2-02. Scope

1. This chapter applies to a premarital agreement or marital agreement signed after

July 31, 2013.

2. This chapter does not affect any right, obligation, or liability arising under a premarital

agreement or marital agreement signed before August 1, 2013.

3. This chapter does not apply to:

a. An agreement between spouses which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right

or obligation and requires court approval to become effective; or

b. An agreement between spouses who intend to obtain a marital dissolution or

court-decreed separation which resolves their marital rights or obligations and is

signed when a proceeding for marital dissolution or court-decreed separation is

commenced.

4. This chapter does not affect adversely the rights of a bona fide purchaser for value to

the extent that this chapter applies to a waiver of a marital right or obligation in a

transfer or conveyance of property by a spouse to a third party.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-01
14-03-01. What constitutes marriage - Spouse defined
Status: in_force

14-03-01. What constitutes marriage - Spouse defined

Marriage is a personal relation arising out of a civil contract between one man and one

woman to which the consent of the parties is essential. The marriage relation may be entered

into, maintained, annulled, or dissolved only as provided by law. A spouse refers only to a

person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-53 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-53
14-20-53. (632) Jury prohibited
Status: in_force

14-20-53. (632) Jury prohibited

The court, without a jury, shall adjudicate paternity of a child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-07
14-07-07. Contracts to alter marital relations
Status: in_force

14-07-07. Contracts to alter marital relations

A husband and wife cannot by any contract with each other alter their marital relations,

except that they may agree in writing to an immediate separation and may make provision for

the support of either of them and of their children during such separation. The mutual consent of

the parties is a sufficient consideration for such a separation agreement.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-39 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-39
14-12.2-39. (605) Notice of registration of order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-39. (605) Notice of registration of order

1. When a support order or income-withholding order issued in another state or a foreign

support order is registered, the registering tribunal of this state shall notify the

nonregistering party. The notice must be accompanied by a copy of the registered

order and the documents and relevant information accompanying the order.

2. A notice must inform the nonregistering party:

a. That a registered order is enforceable as of the date of registration in the same

manner as an order issued by a tribunal of this state;

b. That a hearing to contest the validity or enforcement of the registered order must

be requested within twenty days after notice unless the registered order is subject

to section 14-12.2-47.7;

c. That failure to contest the validity or enforcement of the registered order in a

timely manner will result in confirmation of the order and enforcement of the order

and the alleged arrearages; and

d. Of the amount of any alleged arrearages.

3. If the registering party asserts that two or more orders are in effect, a notice must also:

a. Identify the two or more orders and the order alleged by the registering party to

be the controlling order and the consolidated arrears, if any;

b. Notify the nonregistering party of the right to a determination of which is the

controlling order;

c. State that the procedures provided in subsection 2 apply to the determination of

which is the controlling order; and

d. State that failure to contest the validity or enforcement of the order alleged to be

the controlling order in a timely manner may result in confirmation that the order

is the controlling order.

4. Upon registration of an income-withholding order for enforcement, the support

enforcement agency or the registering tribunal shall notify the obligor's employer

pursuant to the income-withholding requirements of chapter 14-09.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.18 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.18
14-09-09.18. Interstate income withholding - Initiation by this state to other state
Status: in_force

14-09-09.18. Interstate income withholding - Initiation by this state to other state

On application of a resident of this state, an obligee or an obligor of a support order issued

by this state, or an agency to which an obligee has assigned support rights, the child support

agency shall request the child support enforcement agency of another state in which the obligor

of a support order derives income to enter the order for the purpose of obtaining income

withholding against such income. The child support agency shall make that request within

twenty days of the later of the date income withholding is determined appropriate or the date of

receipt of any information necessary to carry out withholding. The child support agency shall

compile and transmit to the child support agency of the other state all documentation required to

enter an order for this purpose. The child support agency shall also transmit to the child support

agency of the other state certified copies of any subsequent modifications of the support order.

If the child support agency receives notice that the obligor is contesting the income withholding

in another state, it shall immediately notify the individual obligee of the date, time, and place of

the hearings and of the obligee's right to attend.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-02
14-19-02. Construction of chapter - Place of acknowledgment or birth need not be within this state
Status: repealed

14-19-02. Construction of chapter - Place of acknowledgment or birth need not be

within this state.

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-15.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-15.1
14-02.4-15.1. Discrimination in governmental contracts and programs prohibited
Status: in_force

14-02.4-15.1. Discrimination in governmental contracts and programs prohibited

A governmental entity may not discriminate against any health care institution or any

private agency in any grant, contract, or program because of the institution's or agency's refusal

to permit, perform, assist, counsel, or participate in any manner in any health care service that

violates the institution's or agency's written religious or moral policies.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-08
14-15-08. Withdrawal of consent
Status: in_force

14-15-08. Withdrawal of consent

1. A consent to adoption cannot be withdrawn after the entry of a decree of adoption.

2. A consent to adoption may be withdrawn before the entry of a decree of adoption if the

court finds, after notice and opportunity to be heard is afforded to petitioner, the

individual seeking the withdrawal, and the agency placing a child for adoption, that the

withdrawal is in the best interest of the individual to be adopted and the court orders

the withdrawal.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.2
14-12.2-47.2. (702) Applicability
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.2. (702) Applicability

Sections 14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13 apply only to a support proceeding under the

convention. In such a proceeding, if a provision of sections 14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13

is inconsistent with a provision of sections 14-12.2-01 through 14-12.2-46.4, sections

14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13 control.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-04
14-19-04. Effect of voluntary acknowledgment of paternity - Who may dispute
Status: repealed

14-19-04. Effect of voluntary acknowledgment of paternity - Who may dispute

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-09
14-20-09. (203) Consequences of establishment of parentage
Status: in_force

14-20-09. (203) Consequences of establishment of parentage

Unless parental rights are terminated, a parent-child relationship established under this

chapter applies for all purposes, except as otherwise specifically provided by other law of this

state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-26 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-26
14-09.3-26. (502) Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
Status: in_force

14-09.3-26. (502) Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce

Act.

This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the Electronic Signatures in Global and

National Commerce Act [15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.] but does not modify, limit, or supersede

section 101(c) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 7001(c)] or authorize electronic delivery of any of the

notices described in section 103(b) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 7003(b)].
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-32 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-32
14-14.1-32. (312) Costs, fees, and expenses
Status: in_force

14-14.1-32. (312) Costs, fees, and expenses

1. The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable

expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication

expenses, attorney's fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses,

and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees

or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate.

2. The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless authorized

by law other than this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-07
14-14.1-07. (108) Notice to persons outside state
Status: in_force

14-14.1-07. (108) Notice to persons outside state

1. Notice required for the exercise of jurisdiction when a person is outside this state may

be given in a manner prescribed by the law of this state for service of process or by

the law of the state in which the service is made. Notice must be given in a manner

reasonably calculated to give actual notice but may be by publication if other means

are not effective.

2. Proof of service may be made in the manner prescribed by the law of this state or by

the law of the state in which the service is made.

3. Notice is not required for the exercise of jurisdiction with respect to a person who

submits to the jurisdiction of the court.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-04
14-20-04. (104) Courts of this state
Status: in_force

14-20-04. (104) Courts of this state

The district court is authorized to adjudicate parentage under this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.2-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.2 / Section 14-09.2-01
14-09.2-01. Parenting coordinator - Definition
Status: in_force

14-09.2-01. Parenting coordinator - Definition

A parenting coordinator is a neutral individual authorized to use any dispute resolution

process to resolve disputes between parties arising under a parenting plan or court order. The

purpose of a parenting coordinator is to resolve disputes by interpreting, clarifying, and

addressing circumstances not specifically addressed by an existing court order. A parenting

coordinator:

1. May assess for the parties whether there has been a violation of an existing court

order and, if so, recommend further court proceedings.

2. May be appointed to resolve a one-time dispute or to provide ongoing dispute

resolution services.

3. Shall attempt to resolve a dispute by facilitating negotiations between the parties to

promote settlement and, if it becomes apparent that the dispute cannot be resolved by

an agreement of the parties, shall make a decision resolving the dispute.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-12
14-05-12. Collusion defined
Status: repealed

14-05-12. Collusion defined

Repealed by S.L. 2001, ch. 149, § 13.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-05
14-10-05. Assignment of children prohibited - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-10-05. Assignment of children prohibited - Penalty

No person, other than the parents, may assume the permanent care and custody of a child,

unless authorized so to do by an order or decree of a court having jurisdiction, except that a

parent, upon giving written notice to the department of health and human services and human

service zone, may place that person's own child in the home of the child's grandparent, uncle, or

aunt for adoption or guardianship by the person receiving the child. The child must be

considered abandoned if proceedings for the adoption or guardianship of the child are not

initiated by such relative within one year following the date of notice of placement. No parent

may assign or otherwise transfer the parent's rights or duties with respect to the care and

custody of the parent's child. Any such transfer or assignment, written or otherwise, is void. This

section does not affect the right of the parent to consent in writing to the legal adoption of the

parent's child, but such written consent does not operate to transfer any right in the child in the

absence of a decree by a court having jurisdiction. Any person who violates the provisions of

this section is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-49 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-49
14-12.2-49. (802) Conditions of rendition
Status: in_force

14-12.2-49. (802) Conditions of rendition

1. Before making a demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual

charged criminally in this state with having failed to provide for the support of an

obligee, the governor of this state may require a prosecutor of this state to

demonstrate that at least sixty days previously the obligee had initiated proceedings

for support pursuant to this chapter or that the proceeding would be of no avail.

2. If, under this chapter or a law substantially similar to this chapter, the governor of

another state makes a demand that the governor of this state surrender an individual

charged criminally in that state with having failed to provide for the support of a child or

other individual to whom a duty of support is owed, the governor may require a

prosecutor to investigate the demand and report whether a proceeding for support has

been initiated or would be effective. If it appears that a proceeding would be effective

but has not been initiated, the governor may delay honoring the demand for a

reasonable time to permit the initiation of a proceeding.

3. If a proceeding for support has been initiated and the individual whose rendition is

demanded prevails, the governor may decline to honor the demand. If the petitioner

prevails and the individual whose rendition is demanded is subject to a support order,

the governor may decline to honor the demand if the individual is complying with the

support order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.5-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.5 / Section 14-07.5-06
14-07.5-06. Other remedies
Status: in_force

14-07.5-06. Other remedies

Pursuing remedies under this chapter does not preclude a protected individual from

pursuing other legal or equitable remedies against the respondent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-04
14-09-04. Custody of legitimate child
Status: repealed

14-09-04. Custody of legitimate child

Repealed by S.L. 2009, ch. 149, § 12.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-04.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-04.2
14-02.1-04.2. Prohibition on human dismemberment abortion - Penalty
Status: repealed

14-02.1-04.2. Prohibition on human dismemberment abortion - Penalty

Repealed by S.L. 2023, ch. 122, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-13 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-13
14-12.2-13. (301) Proceedings under this chapter
Status: in_force

14-12.2-13. (301) Proceedings under this chapter

1. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, sections 14-12.2-13 through 14-12.2-31

apply to all proceedings under this chapter.

2. An individual petitioner or a support enforcement agency may initiate a proceeding

authorized under this chapter by filing a petition in an initiating tribunal for forwarding

to a responding tribunal or by filing a petition or a comparable pleading directly in a

tribunal of another state or foreign country which has or can obtain personal

jurisdiction over the respondent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-01
14-14.1-01. (102) Definitions
Status: in_force

14-14.1-01. (102) Definitions

As used in this chapter:

1. "Abandoned" means left without provision for reasonable and necessary care or

supervision.

2. "Child custody determination" means a judgment, decree, or other order of a court

providing for the legal custody, physical custody, or visitation with respect to a child.

The term includes a permanent, temporary, initial, and modification order. The term

does not include an order relating to child support or other monetary obligation of an

individual.

3. "Child custody proceeding" means a proceeding in which legal custody, physical

custody, or visitation with respect to a child is an issue. The term includes a

proceeding for divorce, separation, neglect, abuse, dependency, guardianship,

paternity, termination of parental rights, and protection from domestic violence, in

which the issue may appear. The term does not include a proceeding involving juvenile

delinquency, contractual emancipation, or enforcement under sections 14-14.1-22

through 14-14.1-37.

4. "Commencement" means the filing of the first pleading in a proceeding.

5. "Court" means an entity authorized under the law of a state to establish, enforce, or

modify a child custody determination.

6. "Home state" means the state in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as

a parent for at least six consecutive months immediately before the commencement of

a child custody proceeding. In the case of a child less than six months of age, the term

means the state in which the child lived from birth with any of the persons mentioned.

A period of temporary absence of any of the mentioned persons is part of the period.

7. "Initial determination" means the first child custody determination concerning a

particular child.

8. "Issuing court" means the court that makes a child custody determination for which

enforcement is sought under this chapter.

9. "Issuing state" means the state in which a child custody determination is made.

10. "Modification" means a child custody determination that changes, replaces,

supersedes, or is otherwise made after a previous determination concerning the same

child, whether or not it is made by the court that made the previous determination.

11. "Person acting as a parent" means a person, other than a parent, who:

a. Has physical custody of the child or has had physical custody for a period of six

consecutive months, including any temporary absence, within one year

immediately before the commencement of a child custody proceeding; and

b. Has been awarded legal custody by a court or claims a right to legal custody

under the law of this state.

12. "Petitioner" means a person who seeks enforcement of an order for return of a child

under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction or

enforcement of a child custody determination.

13. "Physical custody" means the physical care and supervision of a child.

14. "Respondent" means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for

enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague convention on the civil

aspects of international child abduction or enforcement of a child custody

determination.

15. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the

United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the

jurisdiction of the United States.

16. "Tribe" means an Indian tribe or band, or Alaskan native village, which is recognized

by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.

17. "Warrant" means an order issued by a court authorizing law enforcement officers to

take physical custody of a child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.5-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.5 / Section 14-07.5-01
14-07.5-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-07.5-01. Definitions

1. "Canadian domestic violence protection order" means a judgment or part of a

judgment or order issued in a civil proceeding by a court of Canada under the law of

the issuing jurisdiction which relates to domestic violence and prohibits a respondent

from:

a. Being in physical proximity to a protected individual or following a protected

individual;

b. Directly or indirectly contacting or communicating with a protected individual or

other individual described in the order;

c. Being within a certain distance of a specified place or location associated with a

protected individual; or

d. Molesting, annoying, harassing, or engaging in threatening conduct directed at a

protected individual.

2. "Domestic protection order" means an injunction or other order, issued by a tribunal

under the domestic or family violence laws of the issuing court, to prevent an individual

from engaging in violent or threatening acts against, harassment of, direct or indirect

contact or communication with, or being in physical proximity to another individual.

3. "Issuing court" means the court that issues a Canadian domestic violence protection

order.

4. "Protected individual" means an individual protected by a Canadian domestic violence

protection order.

5. "Respondent" means the individual against whom a Canadian domestic violence

protection order is issued.

6. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the

United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the

jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes an Indian tribe or band that has

jurisdiction to issue domestic violence protection orders.

7. "Tribunal" means a court, agency, or other entity authorized by law to issue or modify a

domestic violence protection order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-03
14-12.2-03. (104) Remedies cumulative
Status: in_force

14-12.2-03. (104) Remedies cumulative

1. Remedies provided by this chapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of

remedies under other law or the recognition of a support order on the basis of comity.

2. This chapter does not:

a. Provide the exclusive method of establishing or enforcing a support order under

the law of this state; or

b. Grant a tribunal of this state jurisdiction to render judgment or issue an order

relating to child custody or visitation in a proceeding under this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-22.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-22.1
14-09-22.1. Neglect of child - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-09-22.1. Neglect of child - Penalty

A parent, adult family or household member, guardian, or other custodian of any child, who

willfully commits any of the following offenses is guilty of a class C felony:

1. Fails to provide proper parental care or control, subsistence, education as required by

law, or other care or control necessary for the child's physical, mental, or emotional

health, or morals.

2. Permits the child to be, or fails to exercise reasonable diligence in preventing the child

from being, in a disreputable place or associating with vagrants or vicious or immoral

persons.

3. Permits the child to engage in, or fails to exercise reasonable diligence in preventing

the child from engaging in, an occupation forbidden by the laws of this state or an

occupation injurious to the child's health or morals or the health or morals of others.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-33 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-33
14-20-33. (509) Deceased individual
Status: in_force

14-20-33. (509) Deceased individual

For good cause shown, the court may order genetic testing of a deceased individual.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.21
14-09-09.21. Interstate income withholding - Hearing upon request of obligor
Status: repealed

14-09-09.21. Interstate income withholding - Hearing upon request of obligor

Repealed by S.L. 1995, ch. 157, § 4.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-34 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-34
14-20-34. (510) Identical brothers
Status: in_force

14-20-34. (510) Identical brothers

1. The court may order genetic testing of a brother of a man identified as the father of a

child if the man is commonly believed to have an identical brother and evidence

suggests that the brother may be the genetic father of the child.

2. If each brother satisfies the requirements as the identified father of the child under

section 14-20-29 without consideration of another identical brother being identified as

the father of the child, the court may rely on nongenetic evidence to adjudicate which

brother is the father of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-11 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-11
14-09.3-11. (301) Definition
Status: in_force

14-09.3-11. (301) Definition

In sections 14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21, "close and substantial relationship" means a

relationship in which a significant bond exists between a child and a nonparent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03.2-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03.2 / Section 14-03.2-03
14-03.2-03. Governing law
Status: in_force

14-03.2-03. Governing law

The validity, enforceability, interpretation, and construction of a premarital agreement or

marital agreement are determined:

1. By the law of the jurisdiction designated in the agreement if the jurisdiction has a

significant relationship to the agreement or either party and the designated law is not

contrary to a fundamental public policy of this state; or

2. Absent an effective designation described in subsection 1, by the law of this state,

including the choice-of-law rules of this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-28 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-28
14-14.1-28. (308) Expedited enforcement of child custody determination
Status: in_force

14-14.1-28. (308) Expedited enforcement of child custody determination

1. A petition under sections 14-14.1-22 through 14-14.1-37 must be verified. Certified

copies of all orders sought to be enforced and of any order confirming registration

must be attached to the petition. A copy of a certified copy of an order may be attached

instead of the original.

2. A petition for enforcement of a child custody determination must state:

a. Whether the court that issued the determination identified the jurisdictional basis

it relied upon in exercising jurisdiction and, if so, what the basis was;

b. Whether the determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated,

stayed, or modified by a court whose decision must be enforced under this

chapter and, if so, identify the court, the case number, and the nature of the

proceeding;

c. Whether any proceeding has been commenced that could affect the current

proceeding, including proceedings relating to domestic violence, protective

orders, termination of parental rights, and adoptions and, if so, identify the court,

the case number, and the nature of the proceeding;

d. The present physical address of the child and the respondent, if known;

e. Whether relief in addition to the immediate physical custody of the child and

attorney's fees is sought, including a request for assistance from law enforcement

officials and, if so, the relief sought; and

f. If the child custody determination has been registered and confirmed under

section 14-14.1-25, the date and place of registration.

3. Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall issue an order directing the respondent to

appear in person with or without the child at a hearing and may enter any order

necessary to ensure the safety of the parties and the child. The hearing must be held

on the next judicial day after service of the order unless that date is impossible. In that

event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The court may

extend the date of hearing at the request of the petitioner.

4. An order issued under subsection 3 must state the time and place of the hearing and

advise the respondent that at the hearing the court may order that the petitioner take

immediate physical custody of the child and may order the payment of fees, costs, and

expenses under section 14-14.1-32, and may schedule a hearing to determine

whether further relief is appropriate, unless the respondent appears and establishes

that:

a. The child custody determination has not been registered and confirmed under

section 14-14.1-25 and that:

(1) The issuing court did not have jurisdiction under sections 14-14.1-12

through 14-14.1-21;

(2) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been

vacated, stayed, or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so under

sections 14-14.1-12 through 14-14.1-21; or

(3) The respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in

accordance with section 14-14.1-07, in the proceedings before the court that

issued the order for which enforcement is sought; or

b. The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered

and confirmed under section 14-14.1-24, but has been vacated, stayed, or

modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under sections

14-14.1-12 through 14-14.1-21.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-12
14-12.2-12. (209) Credit for payments
Status: in_force

14-12.2-12. (209) Credit for payments

A tribunal of this state shall credit amounts collected for a particular period pursuant to any

child support order against the amounts owed for the same period under any other child support

order for support of the same child issued by a tribunal of this or another state or foreign

country.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.2-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.2 / Section 14-14.2-06
14-14.2-06. Factors to determine risk of abduction
Status: in_force

14-14.2-06. Factors to determine risk of abduction

1. In determining whether there is a credible risk of abduction of a child, the court shall

consider whether the petitioner or respondent:

a. Has previously abducted or attempted to abduct the child;

b. Has threatened to abduct the child;

c. Has recently engaged in activities that may indicate a planned abduction,

including:

(1) Abandoning employment;

(2) Selling a primary residence;

(3) Terminating a lease;

(4) Closing bank or other financial management accounts, liquidating assets,

hiding or destroying financial documents, or conducting any unusual

financial activities;

(5) Applying for a passport or visa or obtaining travel documents for the

respondent, a family member, or the child; or

(6) Seeking to obtain the child's birth certificate or school or medical records;

d. Has engaged in domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect;

e. Has refused to follow a child-custody determination;

f. Lacks strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural ties to the state or the

United States;

g. Has strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural ties to another state or

country;

h. Is likely to take the child to a country that:

(1) Is not a party to the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international

child abduction and does not provide for the extradition of an abducting

parent or for the return of an abducted child;

(2) Is a party to the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child

abduction but:

(a) The Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child

abduction is not in force between the United States and that country;

(b) Is noncompliant according to the most recent compliance report

issued by the United States department of state; or

(c) Lacks legal mechanisms for immediately and effectively enforcing a

return order under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of

international child abduction;

(3) Poses a risk that the child's physical or emotional health or safety would be

endangered in the country because of specific circumstances relating to the

child or because of human rights violations committed against children;

(4) Has laws or practices that would:

(a) Enable the respondent, without due cause, to prevent the petitioner

from contacting the child;

(b) Restrict the petitioner from freely traveling to or exiting from the

country because of the petitioner's gender, nationality, marital status,

or religion; or

(c) Restrict the child's ability legally to leave the country after the child

reaches the age of majority because of a child's gender, nationality, or

religion;

(5) Is included by the United States department of state on a current list of state

sponsors of terrorism;

(6) Does not have an official United States diplomatic presence in the country;

or

(7) Is engaged in active military action or war, including a civil war, to which the

child may be exposed;

i. Is undergoing a change in immigration or citizenship status that would adversely

affect the respondent's ability to remain in the United States legally;

j. Has had an application for United States citizenship denied;

k. Has forged or presented misleading or false evidence on government forms or

supporting documents to obtain or attempt to obtain a passport, a visa, travel

documents, a social security card, a driver's license, or other government-issued

identification card or has made a misrepresentation to the United States

government;

l. Has used multiple names to attempt to mislead or defraud; or

m. Has engaged in any other conduct the court considers relevant to the risk of

abduction.

2. In the hearing on a petition under this chapter, the court shall consider any evidence

the respondent in good faith believed the respondent's conduct was necessary to

avoid imminent harm to the child or respondent and any other evidence that may be

relevant to whether the respondent may be permitted to remove or retain the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-19 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-19
14-15-19. Relinquishment and termination of parent and child relationship
Status: in_force

14-15-19. Relinquishment and termination of parent and child relationship

1. The rights of a parent with reference to a child, including parental right to control the

child or to withhold consent to an adoption, may be relinquished and the relationship of

parent and child terminated in or before an adoption action as provided in this section.

2. All rights of a parent with reference to a child, including the right to receive notice of a

hearing on a petition for adoption, may be relinquished and the relationship of parent

and child terminated by a writing, signed by the parent, regardless of the age of the

parent:

a. In the presence of a representative of an agency taking custody of the child,

whether the agency is within or outside of the state or in the presence and with

the approval of a judge of a court of record within or outside this state in which

the minor was present or in which the parent resided at the time it was signed; or

b. In any other situation if the petitioner has had custody of the minor for two years,

but only if notice of the adoption proceeding has been given to the parent and the

court finds, after considering the circumstances of the relinquishment and the

long-continued custody by the petitioner, that the best interest of the child

requires the granting of the adoption.

3. In addition to any other action or proceeding provided by law, the relationship of parent

and child may be terminated by a court order issued in connection with an adoption

action under this chapter on any ground provided by other law for termination of the

relationship, and in any event on the ground:

a. That the minor has been abandoned by the parent;

b. That by reason of the misconduct, faults, or habits of the parent or the repeated

and continuous neglect or refusal of the parent, the minor is without proper

parental care and control, or subsistence, education, or other care or control

necessary for the minor's physical, mental, or emotional health or morals, or, by

reason of physical or mental incapacity the parent is unable to provide necessary

parental care for the minor, and the court finds that the conditions and causes of

the behavior, neglect, or incapacity are irremediable or will not be remedied by

the parent, and that by reason thereof the minor is suffering or probably will suffer

serious physical, mental, moral, or emotional harm; or

c. That in the case of a parent not having custody of a minor, the noncustodial

parent's consent is being unreasonably withheld contrary to the best interest of

the minor.

4. For the purpose of proceeding under this chapter, a decree terminating all rights of a

parent with reference to a child or the relationship of parent and child issued by a court

of competent jurisdiction in this or any other state dispenses with the consent to

adoption proceedings of a parent whose rights or parent and child relationship are

terminated by the decree and with any required notice of an adoption action other than

as provided in this section.

5. A petition for termination of the relationship of parent and child made in connection

with an adoption action may be made by:

a. Either parent if termination of the relationship is sought with respect to the other

parent;

b. The petitioner for adoption, the guardian of the individual, the legal custodian of

the child, or the individual standing in parental relationship to the child;

c. An agency; or

d. Any other individual having a legitimate interest in the matter.

6. a. If the identity of the father or mother is known and an address for service is also

known, or the address can be ascertained with reasonable diligence, the father or

mother must be personally served the petition and notice for termination of

parental rights in compliance with the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure.

b. If the identity of the father or mother is unknown but the father's or mother's

location is known, and the identity of the father or mother cannot be ascertained

with reasonable diligence, notice must be given by publication of the petition at

least once a week for three consecutive weeks in the official newspaper of the

county in which the unknown father or mother is located.

c. If the identity and location of the father or mother are unknown and the location

and identity of the father or mother cannot be ascertained with reasonable

diligence, notice must be given by publication of the petition at least once a week

for three consecutive weeks in the official newspaper of the county in which

conception occurred.

d. The last publication as required under this subsection must be at least ten days

before the time set for hearing. Proof of publication of the notice must be made at

or before the hearing and filed in the proceeding.

7. Before the petition is heard, notice of the hearing on the petition and opportunity to be

heard must be given the parents of the child, the guardian of the child, the person

having legal custody of the child, any proposed custodian of the child, and, in the

discretion of the court, a person representing any party.

8. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection 2, a relinquishment of parental rights with

respect to a child, executed under this section, may be withdrawn by the parent, and a

decree of a court terminating the parent and child relationship under this section may

be vacated by the court upon motion of the parent, if the child is not on placement for

adoption and the person having custody of the child consents in writing to the

withdrawal or vacation of the decree.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-13-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-13 / Section 14-13-03
14-13-03. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-13-03. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires:

1. "Appropriate authority in the receiving state" as used in paragraph 1 of article V of the

compact with reference to this state means the commissioner of the department of

health and human services or designee.

2. "Appropriate public authorities" as used in article III of the compact with reference to

this state means the department of health and human services, and the department

shall receive and act with reference to notices required by article III.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-17 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-17
14-15-17. Recognition or validation of foreign decree affecting adoption
Status: in_force

14-15-17. Recognition or validation of foreign decree affecting adoption

1. A decree of court terminating the relationship of parent and child or establishing the

relationship by adoption issued pursuant to due process of law by a court of any other

jurisdiction within or outside of the United States must be recognized in this state and

the rights and obligations of the parties as to matters within the jurisdiction of this state

must be determined as though the decree were issued by a court of this state.

2. a. To obtain a validation of a foreign decree of adoption, the adoptive parent shall

provide to the court a petition for validation of foreign adoption, an admission

stamp in the adopted individual's passport which indicates that the individual was

admitted to the United States with an IH-3 or IR-3 visa, the individual's foreign

birth certificate and English translation, the individual's foreign adoption decree

and English translation, and a signed affidavit from the agency which states that

the foreign adoption is valid and which states the name by which the individual is

to be known. The petition for validation of foreign adoption must be signed and

verified by the petitioner, filed with the clerk of the court, and state:

(1) The date and place of birth of the individual to be adopted, if known;

(2) The name to be used for the individual whose foreign adoption decree is

being petitioned for validation;

(3) The date the petitioner acquired custody or the date of placement of the

individual and the name of the foreign country's placing agency;

(4) The full name, age, place, and duration of residence of the petitioner; and

(5) The marital status of the petitioner, including the date and place of marriage,

if married.

b. Upon a finding that the requirements of subdivision a have been met, the court

shall issue a decree of validation of foreign adoption. The clerk of court shall

forward a copy of the decree of validation of foreign adoption to the registrar of

vital statistics for the issuance of a birth record in accordance with section

14-15-18.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.2
14-09-09.2. Child support - Alternative procedure to withhold and transmit earnings
Status: repealed

14-09-09.2. Child support - Alternative procedure to withhold and transmit earnings

Repealed by S.L. 1987, ch. 183, § 16.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-16 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-16
14-09-16. Control of property of child
Status: in_force

14-09-16. Control of property of child

The parent, as such, has no control over the property of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-10
14-19-10. Vacation or rescission of acknowledgments - Time for commencing actions - Effect on presumptions under section 14-17-04 - Notice
Status: repealed

14-19-10. Vacation or rescission of acknowledgments - Time for commencing actions

- Effect on presumptions under section 14-17-04 - Notice.

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.2-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.2 / Section 14-14.2-03
14-14.2-03. Actions for abduction prevention measures
Status: in_force

14-14.2-03. Actions for abduction prevention measures

1. If a court finds the evidence establishes a credible risk of abduction of the child, the

court on its own motion may order abduction prevention measures in a child-custody

proceeding.

2. A party to a child-custody determination or another individual or entity having a right

under the law of this state or any other state to seek a child-custody determination for

the child may file a petition seeking abduction prevention measures to protect the child

under this chapter.

3. A prosecutor or public authority designated under section 14-14.1-35 may seek a

warrant to take physical custody of a child under section 14-14.2-08 or other

appropriate prevention measures.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-28 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-28
14-05-28. Decree of separation - Effect
Status: in_force

14-05-28. Decree of separation - Effect

The decree of separation confers upon the parties all the rights of property, business, and

contracts as if unmarried and releases both parties from all obligations of maintenance, except

as may be required by the decree.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08
14-09-08. Mutual duty to support children
Status: in_force

14-09-08. Mutual duty to support children

Parents shall give their children support and education suitable to the child's circumstances.

The court may compel either or both of the parents to provide for the support of their children.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-26 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-26
14-14.1-26. (306) Enforcement of registered determination
Status: in_force

14-14.1-26. (306) Enforcement of registered determination

1. A court of this state may grant any relief normally available under the law of this state

to enforce a registered child custody determination made by a court of another state.

2. A court of this state shall recognize and enforce, but may not modify, except in

accordance with sections 14-14.1-12 through 14-14.1-21, a registered child custody

determination of a court of another state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.7-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.7 / Section 14-07.7-02
14-07.7-02. Petition for civil protection order
Status: in_force

14-07.7-02. Petition for civil protection order

1. An individual who is or has been a victim of disorderly conduct, domestic violence, or

sexual assault may file a petition for a civil protection order against:

a. A family or household member who commits an act of domestic violence; or

b. An individual who has committed disorderly conduct or sexual assault.

2. The petition must identify which type of civil protection order is sought.

3. If the individual to be protected is a minor, the parent, guardian, or attorney guardian

ad litem shall file a petition on behalf of the minor. The parent, guardian, or attorney

guardian ad litem of the minor is the petitioner and the minor is the protected

individual. A minor of sufficient and competent age may petition for a civil protection

order on their own behalf.

4. If the respondent is a minor, the parent or guardian must be notified of the petition and

any subsequent order.

5. The petition must allege facts sufficient to show:

a. The name of the alleged victim;

b. The name of the respondent engaging in the alleged conduct; and

c. The respondent engaged in the alleged conduct.

6. The petition must contain:

a. A declaration stating the specific facts and circumstances supporting the relief

sought; and

b. A statement listing each civil or criminal action involving both parties.

7. A petition may be against only one respondent. Dual protection orders in a single

action are prohibited.

8. A petition may be brought under this chapter without regard to the commencement of

an action for legal separation, annulment, divorce, or parenting rights and

responsibilities.

9. A filing fee may not be charged for a civil protection order petition.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.12
14-12.2-47.12. (712) Personal information - Limit on use
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.12. (712) Personal information - Limit on use

Personal information gathered or transmitted under sections 14-12.2-47.1 through

14-12.2-47.13 may be used only for the purposes for which it was gathered or transmitted.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08.8 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08.8
14-09-08.8. Motion for amendment of child support order - How made - Presumption when obligor's income unknown
Status: repealed

14-09-08.8. Motion for amendment of child support order - How made - Presumption

when obligor's income unknown.

Repealed by S.L. 2015, ch. 126, § 14.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.3-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.3 / Section 14-07.3-01
14-07.3-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-07.3-01. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Counseling center" means a domestic violence organization as defined in section

14-07.1-01.

2. "Private information" means any information disclosed by a minor to a counselor,

employee, or volunteer at a counseling center in the course of counseling or treatment

of the minor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-32 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-32
14-20-32. (508) Genetic testing when specimens not available
Status: in_force

14-20-32. (508) Genetic testing when specimens not available

1. Subject to subsection 2, if a genetic-testing specimen is not available from a man who

may be the father of a child, for good cause and under circumstances the court

considers to be just, the court may order the following individuals to submit specimens

for genetic testing:

a. The parents of the man;

b. Brothers and sisters of the man;

c. Other children of the man and their mothers; and

d. Other relatives of the man necessary to complete genetic testing.

2. Issuance of an order under this section requires a finding that a need for genetic

testing outweighs the legitimate interests of the individual sought to be tested.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-25 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-25
14-20-25. (501) Scope
Status: in_force

14-20-25. (501) Scope

Sections 14-20-25 through 14-20-35 govern genetic testing of an individual to determine

parentage, whether the individual:

1. Voluntarily submits to testing; or

2. Is tested pursuant to an order of the court or a support enforcement agency.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03.2-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03.2 / Section 14-03.2-04
14-03.2-04. Principles of law and equity
Status: in_force

14-03.2-04. Principles of law and equity

Principles of law and equity may not:

1. Supplement an agreement executed in accordance with this chapter; or

2. Be used to alter a material term in an agreement executed in accordance with this

chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-12
14-03-12. Serological test for syphilis required before application for license filed
Status: repealed

14-03-12. Serological test for syphilis required before application for license filed

Repealed by S.L. 1983, ch. 175, § 3.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-17.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-17.1
14-10-17.1. Minor's emergency care
Status: in_force

14-10-17.1. Minor's emergency care

1. A minor may contract for and receive emergency examination, care, or treatment in a

life-threatening situation without the consent of the minor's parent or guardian. If a

minor has an emergency medical condition or the potential for an emergency medical

condition, consent to emergency examination, care, or treatment of the minor is

implied if reasonable steps to contact the minor's parent or guardian are unsuccessful.

This subsection does not authorize a minor to withhold consent to emergency

examination, care, or treatment.

2. A physician or other health care provider may provide emergency medical care or

forensic services to a minor who is a victim of sexual assault without the consent of the

minor's parent or guardian. Reasonable steps must be made to notify the minor's

parent or guardian of the care provided.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-54 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-54
14-20-54. (633) Hearings - Inspection of records
Status: in_force

14-20-54. (633) Hearings - Inspection of records

1. On request of a party and for good cause shown, the court may close a proceeding

under sections 14-20-36 through 14-20-58.

2. A final order in a proceeding under sections 14-20-36 through 14-20-58 is available for

public inspection. Other papers and records are available only with the consent of the

parties or on order of the court for good cause.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-09
14-09.4-09. Appointment - Interview of child - Court services - Limitation
Status: in_force

14-09.4-09. Appointment - Interview of child - Court services - Limitation

In the manner and to the extent authorized by this title in a family law proceeding other than

under this chapter, the court may:

1. Appoint an attorney, guardian ad litem, or similar representative for the child;

2. Interview the child;

3. Require the parties to participate in mediation or another form of alternative dispute

resolution, but a party who has been the victim of domestic violence, sexual assault,

stalking, or other crime against the individual by another party to the proceeding may

not be required to participate.

4. Order an evaluation, investigation, or other assessment of the child's circumstances

and the effect on the child of ordering or denying the requested custody or visitation or

modifying a custody or visitation order; and

5. Allocate payment between the parties of a fee for a service ordered under this section.

Public funds may not be used to provide services under this section.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-01
14-05-01. Marriage - How dissolved
Status: in_force

14-05-01. Marriage - How dissolved

Marriage is dissolved only:

1. By the death of one of the parties; or

2. By a judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction decreeing a divorce of the parties.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.2-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.2 / Section 14-14.2-08
14-14.2-08. Warrant to take physical custody of child
Status: in_force

14-14.2-08. Warrant to take physical custody of child

1. If a petition under this chapter contains allegations, and the court finds there is a

credible risk the child is imminently likely to be wrongfully removed, the court may

issue an ex parte warrant to take physical custody of the child.

2. The court shall afford a respondent on a petition under subsection 1 an opportunity to

be heard at the earliest possible time after the ex parte warrant is executed, but not

later than the next judicial day unless a hearing on that date is impossible. In that

event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible.

3. An ex parte warrant under subsection 1 to take physical custody of a child must:

a. Recite the facts upon which a determination of a credible risk of imminent

wrongful removal of the child is based;

b. Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately;

c. State the date and time for the hearing on the petition; and

d. Provide for the safe interim placement of the child pending further order of the

court.

4. If feasible, before issuing a warrant and determining the placement of the child after

the warrant is executed, the court may order a search of the relevant databases of the

national crime information center system and similar state databases to determine

whether the petitioner or respondent has a history of domestic violence, stalking, or

child abuse or neglect.

5. The court shall serve the petition and warrant on the respondent at the time, or

immediately after, the child is taken into physical custody.

6. A warrant to take physical custody of a child, issued by this state or another state, is

enforceable. If the court finds a less intrusive remedy will not be effective, the court

may authorize a law enforcement officer to enter private property to take physical

custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances, the court may authorize law

enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.

7. If the court finds, after a hearing, a petitioner sought an ex parte warrant under

subsection 1 for the purpose of harassment or in bad faith, the court may award the

respondent reasonable attorney's fees, costs, and expenses.

8. This chapter does not affect the availability of additional relief allowed under the law.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-19 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-19
14-03-19. License issued to all who comply with law
Status: in_force

14-03-19. License issued to all who comply with law

If a recorder, unless the board of county commissioners designates a different official, is

satisfied that there is no legal impediment to the marriage and that the applicants have complied

with the provisions of this chapter, then the recorder, or designated official, shall issue and sign

a marriage license in duplicate and affix an official seal to both the original and the duplicate.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-03.3 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-03.3
14-02.1-03.3. Privacy of woman upon whom an abortion is performed or attempted
Status: in_force

14-02.1-03.3. Privacy of woman upon whom an abortion is performed or attempted

In every proceeding or action brought under section 14-02.1-03.2, the court shall rule

whether the anonymity of any woman upon whom an abortion is performed or attempted should

be preserved from public disclosure if she does not give her consent to such disclosure. The

court, upon motion or sua sponte, shall make such a ruling and, upon determining that her

anonymity should be preserved, shall issue orders to the parties, witnesses, and counsel, and

shall direct the sealing of the record and exclusion of individuals from courtrooms or hearing

rooms, to the extent necessary to safeguard her identity from public disclosure. Each such order

must be accompanied by specific written findings explaining why the anonymity of the woman

should be preserved from public disclosure, why the order is essential to that end, how the order

is narrowly tailored to serve that interest, and why no reasonable less restrictive alternative

exists. This section may not be construed to conceal the identity of the plaintiff or of witnesses

from the defendant.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-05.3 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-05.3
14-02.1-05.3. Determination of postfertilization age - Abortion of unborn child of twenty or more weeks postfertilization age prohibited
Status: repealed

14-02.1-05.3. Determination of postfertilization age - Abortion of unborn child of

twenty or more weeks postfertilization age prohibited.

Repealed by S.L. 2023, ch. 122, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-33.4 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-33.4
14-12.2-33.4. (505) Penalties for noncompliance
Status: in_force

14-12.2-33.4. (505) Penalties for noncompliance

An employer that willfully fails to comply with an income-withholding order issued by another

state and received for enforcement is subject to the same penalties that may be imposed for

noncompliance with an order issued by a tribunal of this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.4-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.4 / Section 14-07.4-06
14-07.4-06. Other remedies
Status: in_force

14-07.4-06. Other remedies

Pursuing remedies under this chapter does not preclude a protected individual from

pursuing other legal or equitable remedies against the respondent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.5-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.5 / Section 14-07.5-05
14-07.5-05. Immunity
Status: in_force

14-07.5-05. Immunity

This state or a local governmental agency, or a law enforcement officer, prosecuting

attorney, clerk of district court, or any state or local governmental official acting in an official

capacity, is immune from civil and criminal liability for an act or omission arising out of the

registration or enforcement of a Canadian domestic violence protection order or the detention or

arrest of an alleged violator of a Canadian domestic violence protection order if the act or

omission is done in good faith in an effort to comply with this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-23 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-23
14-14.1-23. (303) Duty to enforce
Status: in_force

14-14.1-23. (303) Duty to enforce

1. A court of this state shall recognize and enforce a child custody determination of a

court of another state if the latter court exercised jurisdiction in substantial conformity

with this chapter, or the determination was made under factual circumstances meeting

the jurisdictional standards of this chapter, and the determination has not been

modified in accordance with this chapter.

2. A court of this state may utilize any remedy available under other law of this state to

enforce a child custody determination made by a court of another state. The remedies

provided in this chapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of other

remedies to enforce a child custody determination.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-12
14-02.4-12. Discriminatory housing practices by owner or agent
Status: repealed

14-02.4-12. Discriminatory housing practices by owner or agent

Repealed by S.L. 1999, ch. 134, § 4.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-24.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-24.1
14-09-24.1. Parenting time - Interference - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-09-24.1. Parenting time - Interference - Penalty

1. Unless a party shows by clear and convincing evidence that additional parenting time

should not be ordered, if the court finds one parent intentionally interfered with the

other parent's court-ordered parenting time, the court shall order additional parenting

time to the parent who lost parenting time due to the interference to indemnify that

parent for any lost court-ordered parenting time.

2. The additional parenting time:

a. Must at least be of the same type and duration of parenting time lost due to the

interference and may be up to double the period of time lost, as determined by

the court.

b. May include weekend, holiday, and summer parenting time.

c. Must occur within two years of the date the court finds the parent intentionally

interfered with the other parent's court-ordered parenting time.

3. A court shall:

a. Give deference to the proposed additional parenting time schedule of the parent

entitled to additional parenting time under subsection 1 when determining the

schedule of the additional parenting time subject to subsection 2.

b. Consider ordering the parents to use a co-parenting application to assist with

scheduling and communication.

4. The court may sanction a parent who fails to comply with this section as a contempt of

court.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-17 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-17
14-07.1-17. Duties of the department
Status: in_force

14-07.1-17. Duties of the department

The department shall:

1. Respond to all applicants within sixty days after the deadline for receipt of applications,

whether or not the applicant is eligible for funds.

2. Ensure that no more than ten percent of the moneys allocated to the domestic

violence prevention fund in any biennium is expended for departmental administration

of the grant program.

3. Distribute grants to eligible applicants in accordance with the purposes of sections

14-07.1-15 through 14-07.1-18.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.2-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.2 / Section 14-09.2-03
14-09.2-03. Qualifications
Status: in_force

14-09.2-03. Qualifications

The supreme court shall establish qualifications and maintain and make available to the

public a roster of individuals eligible to serve as a parenting coordinator. The roster must include

each individual's name, address, and telephone number.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-22
14-09.3-22. (401) Procedure for terminating temporary grant of custodial responsibility established by agreement
Status: in_force

14-09.3-22. (401) Procedure for terminating temporary grant of custodial

responsibility established by agreement.

1. At any time after return from deployment, a temporary agreement granting custodial

responsibility under sections 14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10 may be terminated by an

agreement to terminate signed by the deploying parent and the other parent.

2. A temporary agreement under sections 14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10 granting

custodial responsibility terminates:

a. If an agreement to terminate under subsection 1 specifies a date for termination,

on that date; or

b. If the agreement to terminate does not specify a date, on the date the agreement

to terminate is signed by the deploying parent and the other parent.

3. In the absence of an agreement under subsection 1 to terminate, a temporary

agreement granting custodial responsibility terminates under sections 14-09.3-07

through 14-09.3-10 sixty days after the deploying parent gives notice to the other

parent that the deploying parent returned from deployment.

4. If a temporary agreement granting custodial responsibility was filed with a court

pursuant to section 14-09.3-10, an agreement to terminate the temporary agreement

also must be filed with that court within a reasonable time after the signing of the

agreement. The case number and heading of the case concerning custodial

responsibility or child support must be provided to the court with the agreement to

terminate.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-14 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-14
14-03-14. Serological test - Contents of laboratory statement
Status: repealed

14-03-14. Serological test - Contents of laboratory statement

Repealed by S.L. 1983, ch. 175, § 3.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08.22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08.22
14-09-08.22. Enforcement of health insurance coverage from an obligee
Status: in_force

14-09-08.22. Enforcement of health insurance coverage from an obligee

When an obligee is required to provide health insurance coverage for a child as a

beneficiary under section 14-09-08.10, the order is being enforced under title IV-D, and the

obligee's employer has been identified, the child support agency may use the national medical

support notice to enforce the provision of health insurance coverage for the child. When the

national medical support notice is used under this section, sections 14-09-08.11, 14-09-08.20,

and 26.1-36.5-03 apply unless the context indicates otherwise.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03.2-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03.2 / Section 14-03.2-01
14-03.2-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-03.2-01. Definitions

In this chapter:

1. "Amendment" means a modification or revocation of a premarital agreement or marital

agreement.

2. "Marital agreement" means an agreement between spouses who intend to remain

married which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation during the

marriage or at separation, marital dissolution, death of one of the spouses, or the

occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event. The term includes an amendment,

signed after the spouses marry, of a premarital agreement or marital agreement.

3. "Marital dissolution" means the ending of a marriage by court decree. The term

includes a divorce, dissolution, and annulment.

4. "Marital right or obligation" means any of the following rights or obligations arising

between spouses because of their marital status:

a. Spousal support;

b. A right to property, including characterization, management, and ownership;

c. Responsibility for a liability;

d. A right to property and responsibility for liabilities at separation, marital

dissolution, or death of a spouse; or

e. Award and allocation of attorney’s fees and costs.

5. "Premarital agreement" means an agreement between individuals who intend to marry

which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation during the marriage or at

separation, marital dissolution, death of one of the spouses, or the occurrence or

nonoccurrence of any other event. The term includes an amendment, signed before

the individuals marry, of a premarital agreement.

6. "Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership, whether real or

personal, tangible or intangible, legal or equitable, or any interest therein.

7. "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in

an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

8. "Sign" means with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:

a. To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or

b. To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or

process.

9. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the

United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the

jurisdiction of the United States.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-09
14-05-09. Desertion, neglect, intemperance - Duration
Status: in_force

14-05-09. Desertion, neglect, intemperance - Duration

Willful desertion, willful neglect, or habitual intemperance must continue for one year before

either is a ground for a divorce.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-33 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-33
14-02.5-33. Effect of departmental order
Status: in_force

14-02.5-33. Effect of departmental order

A departmental order under section 14-02.5-32 does not affect a contract, sale,

encumbrance, or lease that is consummated before the department issues the order and

involves a bona fide purchaser, encumbrancer, or tenant who did not have actual notice of the

charge filed under this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-10
14-03-10. Marriage may not be solemnized without license
Status: in_force

14-03-10. Marriage may not be solemnized without license

A person may not solemnize any marriage until the parties to the marriage produce a

license regularly issued not more than sixty days before the date of the marriage by:

1. A recorder serving the county in which either of the contracting parties resides or is

temporarily domiciled, unless the board of county commissioners designates a

different official;

2. A recorder serving the county in which a parent of either of the parties resides or is

temporarily domiciled, unless the board of county commissioners designates a

different official; or

3. A recorder serving the county in which the marriage is to be solemnized, unless the

board of county commissioners designates a different official.

For the purpose of obtaining a marriage license, a member of the armed forces of the United

States stationed within the state of North Dakota is deemed to reside in the county in which that

person is stationed.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-45 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-45
14-02.5-45. Intimidation or interference - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-02.5-45. Intimidation or interference - Penalty

1. A person commits an offense if the person, without regard to whether the person is

acting under color of law, by force or threat of force, intentionally intimidates or

interferes with an individual:

a. Because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, familial status,

national origin, or status with respect to marriage or public assistance and

because the individual is or has been selling, purchasing, renting, financing,

occupying, or contracting or negotiating for the sale, purchase, rental, financing,

or occupation of any dwelling or applying for or participating in a service,

organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting dwellings; or

b. Because the individual is or has been or to intimidate the individual from

participating, without discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, disability,

age, familial status, national origin, or status with respect to marriage or public

assistance, in an activity, service, organization, or facility described by

subdivision a; affording another individual opportunity or protection to so

participate; or lawfully aiding or encouraging other individuals to participate,

without discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, familial

status, national origin, or status with respect to marriage or public assistance, in

an activity, service, organization, or facility described in subdivision a.

2. It is a discriminatory practice to coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with any

individual in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of the individual having

exercised or enjoyed, or on account of the individual having aided or encouraged any

other individual in the exercise or enjoyment of, any right granted or protected by this

chapter.

3. An offense under subsection 1 of this section is a class A misdemeanor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-04
14-03-04. Marriage between white person and Negro person void - Penalty
Status: repealed

14-03-04. Marriage between white person and Negro person void - Penalty

Repealed by S.L. 1955, ch. 126, § 1.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-24 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-24
14-02.5-24. Investigative report
Status: in_force

14-02.5-24. Investigative report

The department shall prepare a final investigative report, including the names of and dates

of contacts with witnesses, a summary of correspondence and other contacts with the aggrieved

person and the respondent showing the dates of the correspondence and contacts, a summary

description of other pertinent records, a summary of witness statements, and answers to

interrogatories. A final report under this section may be amended if additional evidence is

discovered.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-00.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-00.1
14-09-00.1. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-09-00.1. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Decisionmaking responsibility" means the responsibility to make decisions concerning

the child. The term may refer to decisions on all issues or on specified issues, but not

child support issues.

2. "Harm" means negative changes in a child's health which occur when an individual

responsible for the child's welfare:

a. Inflicts, or allows to be inflicted, upon the child, physical or mental injury, including

injuries sustained as a result of excessive corporal punishment; or

b. Commits, allows to be committed, or conspires to commit, against the child, a sex

offense as defined in chapter 12.1-20.

3. "Parental rights and responsibilities" means all rights and responsibilities a parent has

concerning the parent's child.

4. "Parenting plan" means a written plan describing each parent's rights and

responsibilities.

5. "Parenting schedule" means the schedule of when the child is in the care of each

parent.

6. "Parenting time" means the time when the child is to be in the care of a parent.

7. "Primary residential responsibility" means a parent with more than fifty percent of the

residential responsibility.

8. "Residential responsibility" means a parent's responsibility to provide a home for the

child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-08
14-02.5-08. Brokerage services
Status: in_force

14-02.5-08. Brokerage services

A person may not deny an individual access to, or membership or participation in, a

multiple-listing service, real estate brokers' organization, or other service, organization, or facility

relating to the business of selling or renting dwellings, or discriminate against an individual in the

terms or conditions of access, membership, or participation in the organization, service, or

facility because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, familial status, national origin, or

status with respect to marriage or public assistance.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.10
14-12.2-47.10. (710) Foreign support agreement
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.10. (710) Foreign support agreement

1. Except as provided in subsections 3 and 4, a tribunal of this state shall recognize and

enforce a foreign support agreement registered in this state.

2. An application or direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support

agreement shall be accompanied by:

a. A complete text of the foreign support agreement; and

b. A record stating that the foreign support agreement is enforceable as an order of

support in the issuing country.

3. A tribunal of this state may vacate the registration of a foreign support agreement only

if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement would

be manifestly incompatible with public policy.

4. In a contest of a foreign support agreement, a tribunal of this state may refuse

recognition and enforcement of the agreement if it finds:

a. Recognition and enforcement of the agreement is manifestly incompatible with

public policy;

b. The agreement was obtained by fraud or falsification;

c. The agreement is incompatible with a support order involving the same parties

and having the same purpose in this state, another state, or a foreign country if

the support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this chapter in

this state; or

d. The record submitted under subsection 2 lacks authenticity or integrity.

5. A proceeding for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement shall be

suspended during the pendency of a challenge to or appeal of the agreement before a

tribunal of another state or foreign country.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.2-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.2 / Section 14-02.2-02
14-02.2-02. Experimentation on dead fetus - Use of fetal organs or tissue for transplantation or experimentation - Sale of fetus or fetal organs or tissue - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-02.2-02. Experimentation on dead fetus - Use of fetal organs or tissue for

transplantation or experimentation - Sale of fetus or fetal organs or tissue - Penalty.

1. An experimentation may not knowingly be performed upon a dead fetus resulting from

an occurrence other than an induced abortion unless the consent of the mother has

first been obtained; provided, however, that the consent is not required in the case of a

routine pathological study. In any criminal proceeding, consent is conclusively

presumed to have been granted for the purposes of this section by a written

statement, signed by the mother who is at least eighteen years of age, to the effect

that she consents to the use of her fetus for scientific, laboratory, research, or other

kind of experimentation or study. Such written consent constitutes lawful authorization

for the transfer of the dead fetus.

2. A person may not use a fetus or fetal organs or tissue resulting from an induced

abortion in animal or human research, experimentation, or study, or for animal or

human transplantation except for diagnostic or remedial procedures, the purpose of

which is to determine the life or health of the fetus or to preserve the life or health of

the fetus or mother, or pathological study.

3. A person may not perform or offer to perform an abortion where part or all of the

consideration for the abortion is that the fetal organs or tissue may be used for animal

or human transplantation, experimentation, or research or study.

4. A person may not knowingly sell, transfer, distribute, give away, accept, use, or attempt

to use any fetus or fetal organs or tissue for a use that is in violation of this section. For

purposes of this section, the word "fetus" includes also an embryo or neonate.

5. Violation of this section by any person is a class C felony.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-09
14-19-09. When acknowledgment is voidable
Status: repealed

14-19-09. When acknowledgment is voidable

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.13 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.13
14-09-09.13. Procedure - Notice to obligor
Status: in_force

14-09-09.13. Procedure - Notice to obligor

If immediate income withholding under section 14-09-09.24 has not been implemented and

an obligor is delinquent, if an obligee's request for income withholding is approved, or if a court

changes its finding that there is good cause not to require immediate income withholding, the

child support agency shall serve the notice required under this section upon the obligor

whenever issuing an income withholding order. The notice must state:

1. That the obligor is delinquent in the payment of child support, that a request for

withholding has been made by the obligee and approved by the child support agency,

or that there is no longer good cause not to require immediate income withholding, as

the case may be, and the obligor is therefore subject to an income withholding order

on all income.

2. The amount of child support owed and the amount of arrearage, if any.

3. The total amount of money that will be withheld by the income payer from the obligor's

income in each month as determined under section 14-09-09.30.

4. That the income payer may withhold an additional sum of three dollars to cover the

income payer's expenses.

5. That the income withholding order has been issued without further order of the court.

6. That the obligor may contest the issuance of the income withholding order by filing a

written request for hearing within ten days of the date of the notice made under this

section.

7. That if the obligor contests the income withholding order pursuant to

section 14-09-09.14, a hearing will be held and the court will determine and issue an

order consistent with the requirements of section 14-09-09.14.

8. That the income withholding order applies to any current or subsequent income payer

or period of employment.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.8 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.8
14-12.2-47.8. (708) Recognition and enforcement of registered convention support order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.8. (708) Recognition and enforcement of registered convention support

order.

1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, a tribunal of this state shall recognize

and enforce a registered convention support order.

2. The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of this state may

refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered convention support order:

a. Recognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with public

policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal to observe minimum standards

of due process, which include notice and an opportunity to be heard;

b. The issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction consistent with section

14-12.2-04;

c. The order is not enforceable in the issuing country;

d. The order was obtained by fraud in connection with a matter of procedure;

e. A record transmitted in accordance with section 14-12.2-47.6 lacks authenticity or

integrity;

f. A proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is pending

before a tribunal of this state and that proceeding was the first to be filed;

g. The order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the same

parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is entitled

to recognition and enforcement in this state;

h. Payment, to the extent alleged arrears have been paid in whole or in part;

i. In a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in the

proceeding in the issuing foreign country when the law of that country:

(1) Provides for prior notice of proceedings, the respondent did not have proper

notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard; or

(2) Does not provide for prior notice of the proceedings, the respondent did not

have proper notice of the order and an opportunity to be heard in a

challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal; or

j. The order was made in violation of section 14-12.2-47.11.

3. If a tribunal of this state does not recognize a convention support order under

subdivision b, d, or i of subsection 2:

a. The tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable time

for a party to request the establishment of a new convention support order; and

b. The department of health and human services shall take all appropriate

measures to request a child support order for the obligee if the application for

recognition and enforcement was received under section 14-12.2-47.4.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-07
14-15-07. How consent is executed
Status: in_force

14-15-07. How consent is executed

The required consent to adoption must be executed at any time after the birth of the child

and in the manner following:

1. If by the individual to be adopted, in the presence of the court.

2. If by an agency, by the executive head or other authorized representative, in the

presence of an individual authorized to take acknowledgments.

3. If by any other individual, in the presence of the court or in the presence of an

individual authorized to take acknowledgments.

4. If by a court, by appropriate order or certificate.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-33.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-33.2
14-12.2-33.2. (503) Employer's compliance with two or more income-withholding orders
Status: in_force

14-12.2-33.2. (503) Employer's compliance with two or more income-withholding

orders.

If an obligor's employer receives two or more income-withholding orders with respect to the

earnings of the same obligor, the employer satisfies the terms of the orders if the employer

complies with the law of the state of the obligor's principal place of employment to establish the

priorities for withholding and allocating income withheld for two or more child support obligees.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-04
14-07.1-04. Assistance of law enforcement officer in service or execution
Status: repealed

14-07.1-04. Assistance of law enforcement officer in service or execution

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 145, § 17.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-08.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-08.1
14-07.1-08.1. Domestic violence court
Status: in_force

14-07.1-08.1. Domestic violence court

The district court may require an individual who has committed a crime involving domestic

violence, as defined in this chapter, or who has violated a domestic violence protection order to

complete domestic violence treatment under the direction of the domestic violence court

program as a condition of probation in accordance with rules adopted by the supreme court. If

the district court finds a defendant has failed to undergo an evaluation or complete treatment or

has violated any condition of probation, the district court shall revoke the defendant's probation

and shall sentence the defendant in accordance with chapter 12.1-32.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-23 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-23
14-09.3-23. (402) Consent procedure for terminating temporary grant of custodial responsibility established by court order
Status: in_force

14-09.3-23. (402) Consent procedure for terminating temporary grant of custodial

responsibility established by court order.

At any time after a deploying parent returns from deployment, the deploying parent and the

other parent may file with the court an agreement to terminate a temporary order for custodial

responsibility issued under sections 14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21. After an agreement has

been filed, the court shall issue an order terminating the temporary order effective on the date

specified in the agreement. If a date is not specified, the order is effective immediately.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-15
14-02.5-15. Reports and studies
Status: in_force

14-02.5-15. Reports and studies

The department shall publish in even-numbered years a written report recommending

legislative or other action to carry out the purposes of this chapter. The department shall make

studies relating to the nature and extent of discriminatory housing practices in this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-19 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-19
14-20-19. (309) Procedure for rescission or challenge
Status: in_force

14-20-19. (309) Procedure for rescission or challenge

1. Every signatory to an acknowledgment of paternity and any related denial of paternity

must be made a party to a proceeding to rescind or challenge the acknowledgment or

denial.

2. For the purpose of rescission of, or challenge to, an acknowledgment of paternity or

denial of paternity, a signatory submits to personal jurisdiction of this state by signing

the acknowledgment or denial, effective upon the filing of the document with the

department of health and human services.

3. Except for good cause shown, during the pendency of a proceeding to rescind or

challenge an acknowledgment of paternity or denial of paternity, the court may not

suspend the legal responsibilities of a signatory arising from the acknowledgment,

including the duty to pay child support.

4. A proceeding to rescind or to challenge an acknowledgment of paternity or denial of

paternity must be conducted in the same manner as a proceeding to adjudicate

parentage under sections 14-20-36 through 14-20-58.

5. At the conclusion of a proceeding to rescind or challenge an acknowledgment of

paternity or denial of paternity, the court shall order the department of health and

human services to amend the birth record of the child, if appropriate.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-62 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-62
14-20-62. (704) Consent to assisted reproduction
Status: in_force

14-20-62. (704) Consent to assisted reproduction

1. Consent by a woman, and a man who intends to be a parent of a child born to the

woman by assisted reproduction, must be in a record signed by the woman and the

man. This requirement does not apply to a donor.

2. Failure by a man to sign a consent required by subsection 1, before or after birth of the

child, does not preclude a finding of paternity if the woman and the man, during the

first two years of the child's life, resided together in the same household with the child

and openly held out the child as their own.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-01
14-07.1-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-07.1-01. Definitions

1. "Department" means the department of health and human services.

2. "Domestic violence" includes physical harm, bodily injury, sexual activity compelled by

physical force, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury,

sexual activity compelled by physical force, or assault, not committed in self-defense,

on the complaining family or household members.

3. "Domestic violence sexual assault organization" means a private, nonprofit

organization whose primary purpose is to provide emergency housing,

twenty-four-hour crisis lines, advocacy, supportive peer counseling, community

education, and referral services for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault.

4. "Family or household member" means a spouse, family member, former spouse,

parent, child, individuals related by blood or marriage, individuals who are or were in a

dating relationship, individuals who are presently residing together or who have

resided together in the past, and individuals who have a child in common regardless of

whether they are or have been married or have lived together at any time.

5. "Law enforcement officer" means a public servant authorized by law or by a

government agency to enforce the law and to conduct or engage in investigations of

violations of law.

6. "Predominant aggressor" means an individual who is the most significant, not

necessarily the first, aggressor.

7. "Willfully" means willfully as defined in section 12.1-02-02.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.3-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.3 / Section 14-02.3-03
14-02.3-03. Payment for abortions by health insurance policies delivered or issued in North Dakota restricted
Status: in_force

14-02.3-03. Payment for abortions by health insurance policies delivered or issued in

North Dakota restricted.

No health insurance contracts, plans, or policies delivered or issued for delivery in this state

may provide coverage for abortions, including the elimination of one or more unborn children in

a multifetal pregnancy, except by an optional rider for which there must be paid an additional

premium. Provided, however, that this section does not apply to the performance of an abortion

necessary to prevent the death of the woman.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-02.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-02.2
14-02.1-02.2. Abortion report form
Status: in_force

14-02.1-02.2. Abortion report form

The department of health and human services shall prepare an abortion compliance report

form and an abortion data report form to be used by the physician for each abortion performed,

as required by section 14-02.1-07. The abortion compliance report form must include a checklist

designed to confirm compliance with all provisions of this chapter, chapter 14-02.3, chapter

14-02.6, and section 23-16-14. The abortion data report form must include:

1. The data called for in the United States standard report of induced termination of

pregnancy as recommended by the national center for health statistics; and

2. Whether the abortion was:

a. Necessary in reasonable medical judgment and was intended to prevent the

death of the pregnant female;

b. To terminate a pregnancy that resulted from gross sexual imposition, sexual

imposition, sexual abuse of a ward, or incest, as those offenses are defined in

chapter 12.1-20; or

c. Necessary to prevent a serious health risk.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-03.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-03.1
14-02.1-03.1. Parental consent or judicial authorization for abortion of unmarried minor - Statement of intent
Status: in_force

14-02.1-03.1. Parental consent or judicial authorization for abortion of unmarried

minor - Statement of intent.

The legislative assembly intends to encourage unmarried pregnant minors to seek the

advice and counsel of their parents when faced with the difficult decision of whether or not to

bear a child, to foster parental involvement in the making of that decision when parental

involvement is in the best interests of the minor and to do so in a manner that does not unduly

burden the right to seek an abortion.

1. A person may not knowingly perform an abortion upon a pregnant woman under the

age of eighteen years unless:

a. The attending physician has secured the written consent of the minor woman and

both parents, if living, or the surviving parent if one parent is deceased, or the

custodial parent if the parents are separated or divorced, or the legal guardian or

guardians if the minor is subject to guardianship;

b. The minor woman is married and the attending physician has secured her

informed written consent; or

c. The abortion has been authorized by the juvenile court in accordance with the

provisions of this section.

2. Any pregnant woman under the age of eighteen or next friend is entitled to apply to the

juvenile court for authorization to obtain an abortion without parental consent. All

proceedings on such application must be conducted in the juvenile court of the county

of the minor's residence before a juvenile judge or referee, if authorized by the juvenile

court judge in accordance with the provisions of chapter 27-05, except that the

parental notification requirements of rules 3, 4, and 5 of the North Dakota Rules of

Juvenile Procedure are not applicable to proceedings under this section. A court may

change the venue of proceedings under this section to another county only upon

finding that a transfer is required in the best interests of the minor. All applications in

accordance with this section must be heard by a juvenile judge or referee within

forty-eight hours, excluding Saturdays and Sundays, of receipt of the application. The

juvenile judge or referee shall find by clear and convincing evidence:

a. Whether or not the minor is sufficiently mature and well informed with regard to

the nature, effects, and possible consequences of both having an abortion and

bearing her child to be able to choose intelligently among the alternatives.

b. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed to choose intelligently

among the alternatives without the advice and counsel of her parents or guardian,

whether or not it would be in the best interests of the minor to notify her parents

or guardian of the proceedings and call in the parents or guardian to advise and

counsel the minor and aid the court in making its determination and to assist the

minor in making her decision.

c. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed to choose intelligently

among the alternatives and it is found not to be in the best interests of the minor

to notify and call in her parents or guardian for advice and counsel, whether an

abortion or some other alternative would be in the best interests of the minor.

3. All proceedings in connection with this section must be kept confidential and the

identity of the minor must be protected in accordance with provisions relating to all

juvenile court proceedings. This section does not limit the release, upon request, of

statistical information regarding applications made under this section and their

disposition.

4. The court shall keep a stenographic or mechanically recorded record of the

proceedings which must be maintained on record for forty-eight hours following the

proceedings. If no appeal is taken from an order of the court pursuant to the

proceedings, the record of the proceedings must be sealed as soon as practicable

following such forty-eight-hour period.

5. Following the hearing and the court's inquiry of the minor, the court shall issue one of

the following orders:

a. If the minor is sufficiently mature and well informed concerning the alternatives

and without the need for further information, advice, or counseling, the court shall

issue an order authorizing a competent physician to perform the abortion

procedure on the minor.

b. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed, the court may:

(1) Issue an order to provide the minor with any necessary information to assist

her in her decision if the minor is mature enough to make the decision but

not well informed enough to do so.

(2) Issue an order to notify the minor's parents or guardian of the pendency of

the proceedings and calling for their attendance at a reconvening of the

hearing in order to advise and counsel the minor and assist the court in

making its determination if the court finds that to do so would be in the best

interests of the minor and the pregnancy resulted from gross sexual

imposition, sexual imposition, sexual abuse of a ward, or incest, as those

offenses are defined in chapter 12.1-20.

(3) Issue an order authorizing an abortion by a competent physician if the court

has determined that it would not be in the best interests of the minor to call

in her parents or guardian but has found that it would be in the minor's best

interests to authorize the abortion.

6. The minor or next friend may appeal the determination of the juvenile court directly to

the state supreme court. In the event of such an appeal, any and all orders of the

juvenile court must be automatically stayed pending determination of the issues on

appeal. Any appeal taken pursuant to this section by anyone other than the minor or

next friend must be taken within forty-eight hours of the determination of the juvenile

court by the filing of written notice with the juvenile court and a written application in

the supreme court. Failure to file notice and application within the prescribed time

results in a forfeiture of the right to appeal and render the juvenile court order or orders

effective for all intents and purposes.

7. Upon receipt of written notice of appeal, the juvenile court shall immediately cause to

be transmitted to the supreme court the record of proceedings had in the juvenile

court.

8. An application for appeal pursuant to this section must be treated as an expedited

appeal by the supreme court and must be set down for hearing within four days of

receipt of the application, excluding Saturdays and Sundays.

9. The hearing, inquiry, and determination of the supreme court must be limited to a

determination of the sufficiency of the inquiry and information considered by the

juvenile court and whether or not the order or orders of the juvenile court accord with

the information considered with respect to the maturity and information available to the

minor and the best interests of the minor as determined by the juvenile court. The

determination of the juvenile court may not be overturned unless found to be clearly

erroneous.

10. After hearing the matter the supreme court shall issue its decision within twenty-four

hours.

11. Within forty-eight hours of the hearing by the supreme court, the record of the juvenile

court must be returned to the juvenile court and the juvenile court shall seal it at the

earliest practicable time.

12. Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent the immediate performance of an

abortion on an unmarried minor woman in a medical emergency.

13. Nothing in this section may be construed to alter the effects of any other section of this

chapter or to expand the rights of any minor to obtain an abortion beyond the limits to

such rights recognized under the Constitution of the United States or under other

provisions of this code.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-10
14-09-10. Reciprocal duty of support for health services - Support of poor
Status: in_force

14-09-10. Reciprocal duty of support for health services - Support of poor

1. Each parent and every adult child of an adult who is unable to support oneself shall

maintain that adult to the extent of the ability of each.

2. Except as provided under subsection 3, a creditor may not recover under this duty of

support unless the:

a. Recovery sought by a creditor is for the furnishing of necessary health services,

which may include medical and long-term care services;

b. Recovery sought is from a parent or adult child who received a direct benefit from

a disqualifying transfer of an asset under section 50-06.2-07 or 50-24.1-02;

c. Recovery being sought from this parent or adult child does not exceed the fair

market value, including any gain, resulting from the disqualifying transfer; and

d. Disqualifying transfer occurred within five years of the receipt of the necessary

health services or application for medical assistance.

3. A creditor may recover under this duty to support if the:

a. Recovery is sought by a creditor for the furnishing of necessary health services,

which may include medical and long-term care services;

b. Recovery is sought from a parent or adult child who acted in bad faith by

misappropriating, misusing, or diverting income or assets of the other adult to

prevent or avoid payment for necessary health services;

c. Recovery being sought from the parent or adult child does not exceed the fair

market value, including any gain, resulting from the disqualifying transfer; and

d. Bad faith action occurred within five years of the receipt of the necessary health

services.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-02
14-07-02. Head of family
Status: repealed

14-07-02. Head of family

Repealed by S.L. 1979, ch. 195, § 1.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-46.3 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-46.3
14-12.2-46.3. (615) Jurisdiction to modify child support order of foreign country or political subdivision
Status: in_force

14-12.2-46.3. (615) Jurisdiction to modify child support order of foreign country or

political subdivision.

1. Except as otherwise provided in section 14-12.2-47.11, if a foreign country lacks or

refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its child support order pursuant to its laws, a

tribunal of this state may assume jurisdiction to modify the child support order and bind

all individuals subject to the personal jurisdiction of the tribunal whether or not the

consent to modification of a child support order otherwise required of the individual

pursuant to section 14-12.2-45 has been given or whether the individual seeking

modification is a resident of this state or of the foreign country.

2. An order issued by a tribunal of this state modifying a foreign child support order

pursuant to this section is the controlling order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-19.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-19.1
14-15-19.1. Right to counsel
Status: in_force

14-15-19.1. Right to counsel

A parent who consents to the adoption of a minor, under section 14-15-05, is entitled to

legal counsel during all stages of a proceeding to terminate the parent and child relationship

under section 14-15-19 if the minor is to be placed for adoption by a child-placing agency

licensed under chapter 50-12. The parent may retain counsel of the parent's own choosing and

at the parent's own expense, or, if indigent, the parent may request the court to order, upon

which the court shall order, that a state's attorney serve as legal counsel to the parent at no cost

to the parent. As an alternative to the state's attorney serving as legal counsel to the parent, the

state's attorney may request the court to order, upon which the court may order, if a conflict is

shown to exist, that other legal counsel services that may be available be provided to the parent

at no cost to the parent. These alternative legal counsel services include counsel services for

indigent persons. Prior to the termination proceeding held under section 14-15-19, the court or a

person designated by the court shall inform the parent of the right to counsel provided by this

section.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-06
14-09.3-06. (201) Form of agreement
Status: in_force

14-09.3-06. (201) Form of agreement

1. The parents of a child may enter into a temporary agreement under sections

14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10 granting custodial responsibility during deployment.

2. An agreement under subsection 1 must be:

a. In writing; and

b. Signed by both parents and any nonparent to whom custodial responsibility is

granted.

3. Subject to subsection 4, an agreement under subsection 1, if feasible, must:

a. Identify the destination, duration, and conditions of the deployment that is the

basis for the agreement;

b. Specify the allocation of caretaking authority among the deploying parent, the

other parent, and any nonparent;

c. Specify any decisionmaking authority that accompanies a grant of caretaking

authority;

d. Specify any grant of limited contact to a nonparent;

e. If under the agreement custodial responsibility is shared by the other parent and

a nonparent, or by other nonparents, provide a process to resolve any dispute

that may arise;

f. Specify the frequency, duration, and means, including electronic means, by which

the deploying parent will have contact with the child, any role to be played by the

other parent in facilitating the contact, and the allocation of any costs of contact;

g. Specify the contact between the deploying parent and child during the time the

deploying parent is on leave or is otherwise available;

h. Acknowledge that any party's child support obligation cannot be modified by the

agreement, and that changing the terms of the obligation during deployment

requires modification in the appropriate court;

i. Provide that the agreement will terminate according to the procedures under

sections 14-09.3-22 through 14-09.3-25 after the deploying parent returns from

deployment; and

j. If the agreement must be filed pursuant to section 14-09.3-10, specify which

parent is required to file the agreement.

4. The omission of any of the items specified in subsection 3 does not invalidate an

agreement under this section.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-26 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-26
14-03-26. Issuing license of marriage between Negroes and whites - Penalty
Status: repealed

14-03-26. Issuing license of marriage between Negroes and whites - Penalty

Repealed by S.L. 1955, ch. 126, § 3.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-08.1-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-08.1 / Section 14-08.1-06
14-08.1-06. Suspension of occupational, professional, or recreational license for nonpayment of child support or failure to obey subpoena
Status: in_force

14-08.1-06. Suspension of occupational, professional, or recreational license for

nonpayment of child support or failure to obey subpoena.

When considering a contempt citation against a child support obligor who is in arrears in

child support in an amount greater than three times the monthly child support obligation and the

obligor is not current in a court-established plan to repay the unpaid child support arrears, or

who has failed, after receiving appropriate notice, to comply with a subpoena relating to a

paternity or child support matter, the court shall address and make specific findings on the issue

of whether the obligor has or may obtain an occupational, professional, or recreational

certificate, permit, or license that the court may withhold or suspend. The court may withhold or

suspend any certificate, permit, or license issued by or on behalf of the state or any of its

licensing authorities or occupational or professional boards, which the obligor is required to

obtain prior to engaging in the obligor's occupation or profession. The court may withhold or

suspend any certificate, permit, or license issued by lottery or by tag by the director of the game

and fish department, which the obligor is required to obtain prior to engaging in a recreational

activity. Following a decision to withhold or suspend an obligor's certificate, permit, or license for

failure to pay child support, the court shall notify the obligor that the decision becomes final thirty

days after the notification unless the obligor satisfies or makes arrangements to pay the entire

outstanding payment due. Following a decision to withhold or suspend an obligor's certificate,

permit, or license for failure to comply with a subpoena relating to a paternity or child support

matter, the court shall notify the obligor that the decision becomes final unless the obligor

complies with the subpoena within a time set by the court. The court shall notify the appropriate

licensing authority, occupational or professional board, or the director of the game and fish

department of the court's decision to withhold or suspend an obligor's certificate, permit, or

license. A certificate, permit, or license withheld or suspended by an order issued under this

section may be reissued only by order of the court. An appeal by an obligor who has had a

certificate, permit, or license suspended under this section is an appeal from the court's order

and may not be appealed to the licensing authority, occupational or professional board, or the

director of the game and fish department.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-15
14-09.3-15. (305) Effect of prior judicial order or agreement
Status: in_force

14-09.3-15. (305) Effect of prior judicial order or agreement

In a proceeding for a grant of custodial responsibility pursuant to sections 14-09.3-11

through 14-09.3-21, the following rules apply:

1. A prior judicial order designating custodial responsibility in the event of deployment is

binding on the court unless the circumstances meet the requirements of law of this

state other than this chapter for modifying a judicial order regarding custodial

responsibility.

2. The court shall enforce a prior written agreement between the parents for designating

custodial responsibility in the event of deployment, including an agreement executed

under sections 14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10, unless the court finds that the

agreement is contrary to the best interests of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-18 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-18
14-09.3-18. (308) Nature of authority created by temporary custody order
Status: in_force

14-09.3-18. (308) Nature of authority created by temporary custody order

1. A grant of authority under sections 14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21 is temporary and

terminates under sections 14-09.3-22 through 14-09.3-25 after the return from

deployment of the deploying parent, unless the grant has been terminated before that

time by court order. The grant does not create an independent, continuing right to

caretaking authority, decisionmaking authority, or limited contact in an individual to

whom it is granted.

2. A nonparent granted caretaking authority, decisionmaking authority, or limited contact

under sections 14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21 has standing to enforce the grant until it

is terminated by court order or under sections 14-09.3-22 through 14-09.3-25.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-13-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-13 / Section 14-13-07
14-13-07. Placement of delinquent children
Status: in_force

14-13-07. Placement of delinquent children

Any court having jurisdiction to place delinquent children may place such a child in an

institution of or in another state pursuant to article VI of the Interstate Compact on the

Placement of Children and shall retain jurisdiction as provided in article V thereof.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-44 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-44
14-02.5-44. Prevailing party
Status: in_force

14-02.5-44. Prevailing party

A court in an action brought under this chapter or the department in an administrative

hearing under section 14-02.5-31 may award reasonable attorney's fees to the prevailing party

and assess court costs against the nonprevailing party.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-03
14-09-03. Who may dispute presumption of legitimacy
Status: repealed

14-09-03. Who may dispute presumption of legitimacy

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-14 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-14
14-09.3-14. (304) Testimony by electronic means
Status: in_force

14-09.3-14. (304) Testimony by electronic means

In a proceeding under sections 14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21, a party or witness who is not

reasonably available to appear personally may appear, provide testimony, and present evidence

by electronic means unless the court finds good cause to require a personal appearance.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-64 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-64
14-20-64. (706) Effect of dissolution of marriage or withdrawal of consent
Status: in_force

14-20-64. (706) Effect of dissolution of marriage or withdrawal of consent

1. If a marriage is dissolved before placement of eggs, sperm, or embryos, the former

spouse is not a parent of the resulting child unless the former spouse consented in a

record that if assisted reproduction were to occur after a divorce, the former spouse

would be a parent of the child.

2. The consent of a woman or a man to assisted reproduction may be withdrawn by that

individual in a record at any time before placement of eggs, sperm, or embryos. An

individual who withdraws consent under this section is not a parent of the resulting

child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-08 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-08
14-20-08. (202) No discrimination based on marital status
Status: in_force

14-20-08. (202) No discrimination based on marital status

A child born to parents who are not married to each other has the same rights under the law

as a child born to parents who are married to each other.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-20.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-20.2
14-03-20.2. Middle name options
Status: in_force

14-03-20.2. Middle name options

1. One party or both parties to a marriage may elect to change the middle name by which

that individual wishes to be known after the solemnization of the marriage by entering

the new middle name in the space provided on the marriage license application. If an

individual elects to change that individual's middle name, the middle name entry on the

marriage license application or marriage license must consist of:

a. The premarriage surname or former surname of that individual;

b. The premarriage middle name and the premarriage surname or former surname

of that individual; or

c. A hyphenated combination of the premarriage middle name and the premarriage

surname or former surname of that individual.

2. Compliance with the middle name provisions of this section is sufficient to meet the

satisfactory evidence requirements of section 39-06-07.1.