N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.6-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.6 / Section 14-02.6-01
14-02.6-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-02.6-01. Definitions

As used in this chapter:

1. "Partially born" means the living intact fetus's body, with the entire head attached, is

delivered so that any of the following has occurred:

a. The living intact fetus's entire head, in the case of a cephalic presentation, or any

portion of the living intact fetus's torso above the navel, in the case of a breech

presentation, is delivered past the mother's vaginal opening; or

b. The living intact fetus's entire head, in the case of a cephalic presentation, or any

portion of the living intact fetus's torso above the navel, in the case of a breech

presentation, is delivered outside the mother's abdominal wall.

2. "Sharp curettage or suction curettage abortion" means an abortion in which the

developing child and products of conception are evacuated from the uterus with a

sharp curettage or through a suction cannula with an attached vacuum apparatus.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-35 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-35
14-09-35. Missing child - Duty to report - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-09-35. Missing child - Duty to report - Penalty

1. For purposes of this section and section 14-09-36, "caretaker" means the individual

who is responsible for the physical control of a child and who is the child's biological or

adoptive parent, the spouse of the child's biological or adoptive parent, or an individual

acting in the stead of a child's parent at the request of the parent or another with

authority to make the request. "Caretaker" does not include an individual who is

charged with the enforcement of compulsory attendance provisions under section

15.1-20-03.

2. A caretaker who is responsible at that time for the care of a child under the age of

thirteen years and who is unable to make contact with or otherwise verify the

whereabouts and safety of that child for a period of twenty-four hours after the

caretaker knows or reasonably should have known the child is missing is guilty of a

class C felony if the caretaker willfully fails to report the child as missing to law

enforcement within a reasonable time after this twenty-four-hour period expires.

3. A caretaker who is responsible at that time for the care of a child at least thirteen years

of age but under the age of seventeen years and who is unable to make contact with

or otherwise verify the whereabouts and safety of that child for a period of forty-eight

hours after the caretaker knows or reasonably should have known the child is missing

is guilty of a class B misdemeanor if the caretaker willfully fails to report the child as

missing to law enforcement within a reasonable time after the forty-eight-hour period

expires.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.1-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.1 / Section 14-09.1-03
14-09.1-03. Appointment of mediator
Status: in_force

14-09.1-03. Appointment of mediator

For any mediation ordered under this chapter, the court shall appoint a mediator from a list

of qualified mediators approved by the court.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08.6 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08.6
14-09-08.6. Obligor's duties upon review
Status: in_force

14-09-08.6. Obligor's duties upon review

Unless sufficient information was previously provided by the obligor with a request for

review, the obligor shall provide information to the child support agency concerning the obligor's

income, which is sufficient to accomplish the review, by the date required by the child support

agency. The information must be furnished by providing:

1. An income report, in the form and manner required by the child support agency,

accurately completed and attested to by the obligor;

2. Earnings statements secured from the obligor's current income payer if the obligor

changed employment after the end of the latest income tax year for which the obligor

filed a return; and

3. A verified copy of the latest income tax return, filed with the internal revenue service or

any state official administering a state income tax, which accurately reports the

obligor's income for a fiscal year ending no more than seventeen months prior to the

date of the review.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-21
14-14.1-21. (210) Appearance of parties and child
Status: in_force

14-14.1-21. (210) Appearance of parties and child

1. In a child custody proceeding in this state, the court may order a party to the

proceeding who is in this state to appear before the court in person with or without the

child. The court may order any person who is in this state and who has physical

custody or control of the child to appear in person with the child.

2. If a party to a child custody proceeding whose presence is desired by the court is

outside this state, the court may order that a notice given under section 14-14.1-07

include a statement directing the party to appear in person with or without the child

and informing the party that failure to appear may result in a decision adverse to the

party.

3. The court may enter any orders necessary to ensure the safety of the child and of any

person ordered to appear under this section.

4. If a party to a child custody proceeding who is outside this state is directed to appear

under subsection 1 or desires to appear personally before the court with or without the

child, the court may require another party to pay reasonable and necessary travel and

other expenses of the party so appearing and of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-03
14-02.5-03. Publication
Status: in_force

14-02.5-03. Publication

A person may not make, print, or publish or effect the making, printing, or publishing of a

notice, statement, or advertisement that is about the sale or rental of a dwelling and that

indicates any preference, limitation, or discrimination or the intention to make a preference,

limitation, or discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, familial status,

national origin, or status with respect to marriage or public assistance.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-21 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-21
14-12.2-21. (309) Private counsel
Status: in_force

14-12.2-21. (309) Private counsel

An individual may employ private counsel to represent the individual in proceedings

authorized by this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-06.1-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-06.1 / Section 14-06.1-15
14-06.1-15. Petition for dissolution of marriage, annulment, or separation - Fee assessment
Status: repealed

14-06.1-15. Petition for dissolution of marriage, annulment, or separation - Fee

assessment.

Repealed by S.L. 1995, ch. 2, § 12.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-14 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-14
14-10-14. Undertaking by minors for release on bail
Status: in_force

14-10-14. Undertaking by minors for release on bail

A minor is capable of entering a binding undertaking for the purpose of securing the minor's

release on bail in the same manner and with the same effect as if the minor were an adult.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-38 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-38
14-20-38. (603) Parties to proceeding
Status: in_force

14-20-38. (603) Parties to proceeding

The following individuals must be joined as parties in a proceeding to adjudicate parentage:

1. The mother of the child; and

2. A man whose paternity of the child is to be adjudicated.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-04-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-04 / Section 14-04-03
14-04-03. Legitimacy of children
Status: in_force

14-04-03. Legitimacy of children

When a marriage is annulled, children begotten before the judgment are legitimate and

succeed to the estate of both parents.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-10
14-09.3-10. (205) Filing agreement or power of attorney with court
Status: in_force

14-09.3-10. (205) Filing agreement or power of attorney with court

An agreement or power of attorney under sections 14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10 must be

filed within a reasonable time with any court that has entered an order on custodial responsibility

or child support that is in effect concerning the child who is the subject of the agreement or

power. The case number and heading of the pending case concerning custodial responsibility or

child support must be provided to the court with the agreement or power.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-22
14-14.1-22. (302) Enforcement under the Hague convention
Status: in_force

14-14.1-22. (302) Enforcement under the Hague convention

Under this chapter, a court of this state may enforce an order for the return of the child

made under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction as if it

were a child custody determination.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-15
14-10-15. Unborn child - When deemed existing person
Status: in_force

14-10-15. Unborn child - When deemed existing person

A child conceived but not born is to be deemed an existing person so far as may be

necessary for its interests in the event of its subsequent birth.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.7-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.7 / Section 14-07.7-04
14-07.7-04. Temporary disorderly conduct restraining order
Status: in_force

14-07.7-04. Temporary disorderly conduct restraining order

1. If the petition for relief alleges reasonable grounds that a respondent engaged in

disorderly conduct, the court, pending a full hearing, may grant a temporary disorderly

conduct restraining order ordering the respondent to cease the disorderly conduct or

contact with the protected individual.

2. A temporary restraining order may be entered:

a. Against the respondent named in the petition; and

b. Without notice to the respondent.

3. Unless otherwise terminated by the court, the temporary restraining order is in effect

until an order issued under section 14-07.7-05 is served.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-20
14-14.1-20. (209) Information to be submitted to court
Status: in_force

14-14.1-20. (209) Information to be submitted to court

1. Subject to section 14-07.1-18, in a child custody proceeding, each party, in its first

pleading or in an attached affidavit, shall give information, if reasonably ascertainable,

under oath as to the child's present address or whereabouts, the places where the

child has lived during the last five years, and the names and present addresses of the

persons with whom the child has lived during that period. The pleading or affidavit

must state whether the party:

a. Has participated, as a party or witness or in any other capacity, in any other

proceeding concerning the custody of or visitation with the child and, if so, identify

the court, the case number, and the date of the child custody determination, if

any;

b. Knows of any proceeding that could affect the current proceeding, including

proceedings for enforcement and proceedings relating to domestic violence,

protective orders, termination of parental rights, and adoptions and, if so, identify

the court, the case number, and the nature of the proceeding; and

c. Knows the names and addresses of any person not a party to the proceeding

who has physical custody of the child or claims rights of legal custody or physical

custody of, or visitation with, the child and, if so, the names and addresses of

those persons.

2. If the information required by subsection 1 is not furnished, the court, upon motion of a

party or its own motion, may stay the proceeding until the information is furnished.

3. If the declaration as to any of the items described in subdivision a, b, or c of

subsection 1 is in the affirmative, the declarant shall give additional information under

oath as required by the court. The court may examine the parties under oath as to

details of the information furnished and other matters pertinent to the court's

jurisdiction and the disposition of the case.

4. Each party has a continuing duty to inform the court of any proceeding in this or any

other state that could affect the current proceeding.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-32.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-32.1
14-12.2-32.1. (402) Proceeding to determine parentage
Status: in_force

14-12.2-32.1. (402) Proceeding to determine parentage

A tribunal of this state authorized to determine parentage of a child may serve as a

responding tribunal in a proceeding to determine parentage brought under this chapter or a law

or procedure substantially similar to this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-12.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-12.1
14-15-12.1. Health insurance requirements for adoptees
Status: in_force

14-15-12.1. Health insurance requirements for adoptees

The department or child-placing agency involved in an adoption action may at any time

before a final decree of adoption, if legal custody of the individual to be adopted is not held by

the department, a county social service board, human service zone, a child-placing agency, or

an equivalent office or agency outside the state, require the petitioner for the adoption of

another individual to show proof that a health insurance policy is in effect which provides

coverage for the individual to be adopted. If proof of health insurance coverage is submitted by

the petitioner, no further bond of any kind may be required by the department or a human

service zone in regard to health coverage of the individual to be adopted.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-43 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-43
14-12.2-43. (609) Procedure to register child support order of another state for modification
Status: in_force

14-12.2-43. (609) Procedure to register child support order of another state for

modification.

A party or support enforcement agency seeking to modify, or to modify and enforce, a child

support order issued in another state shall register that order in this state in the same manner

provided in sections 14-12.2-35 through 14-12.2-42 if the order has not been registered. A

petition for modification may be filed at the same time as a request for registration or later. The

pleading must specify the grounds for modification.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-06
14-19-06. Hospital-based program for acknowledgment of paternity - Effect of noncompliance
Status: in_force

14-19-06. Hospital-based program for acknowledgment of paternity - Effect of

noncompliance.

1. During the period immediately preceding or following the birth of a child to an

unmarried woman in a birthing hospital, the hospital, at a minimum, shall:

a. Provide to the mother and the alleged father, if the alleged father is present in the

hospital:

(1) Written materials about paternity establishment;

(2) The forms necessary to voluntarily acknowledge paternity;

(3) A written and oral description of the rights, responsibilities, and legal

consequences of acknowledging paternity; and

(4) The opportunity to speak, either by telephone or in person, with staff who

are trained to clarify information and answer questions about paternity

establishment;

b. Provide the mother and the alleged father, if the alleged father is present, the

opportunity to voluntarily acknowledge paternity in the hospital;

c. Afford due process safeguards by informing, in writing, the mother and the

alleged father, if the alleged father is present, of the manner in which a

relationship of father and child established under this chapter may be vacated or

rescinded; and

d. Forward completed acknowledgments to the department.

2. The department may withhold medical assistance payments from any hospital that

fails to comply with this section. At least thirty days in advance of any withholding, the

department shall notify the hospital of the department's intention to withhold medical

assistance payments from the hospital. The hospital may appeal the decision to

withhold medical assistance benefits to the department.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-15.2 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-15.2
14-02.4-15.2. Preferred pronoun - Government entity
Status: in_force

14-02.4-15.2. Preferred pronoun - Government entity

1. Unless otherwise required by law, a government entity may not adopt a policy

requiring or prohibiting:

a. An employee's use of an individual's preferred pronoun when addressing or

mentioning the individual in work-related communications; or

b. The designation of an employee's preferred pronoun in work-related

communications.

2. An individual may assert a violation of this section as a claim or defense in a judicial

proceeding and is entitled to recover appropriate relief, including reasonable attorney

fees and court costs.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-12
14-10-12. Minor cannot disaffirm contracts for necessaries
Status: in_force

14-10-12. Minor cannot disaffirm contracts for necessaries

A minor cannot disaffirm a contract, otherwise valid, to pay the reasonable value of things

necessary for the minor's support or that of the minor's family, if such contract is entered into by

the minor when not under the care of a parent, guardian, or conservator able to provide for such

minor or the minor's family.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-19-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-19 / Section 14-19-05
14-19-05. Filing of acknowledgment
Status: in_force

14-19-05. Filing of acknowledgment

An acknowledgment of paternity made under chapter 14-20 must be filed with the

department on a form approved by the department, which must include the social security

number of the parents and any other information required by the secretary of the United States

department of health and human services.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.1-14 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.1 / Section 14-14.1-14
14-14.1-14. (203) Jurisdiction to modify determination
Status: in_force

14-14.1-14. (203) Jurisdiction to modify determination

Except as otherwise provided in section 14-14.1-15, a court of this state may not modify a

child custody determination made by a court of another state unless a court of this state has

jurisdiction to make an initial determination under subdivision a or b of subsection 1 of section

14-14.1-12 and:

1. The court of the other state determines it no longer has exclusive, continuing

jurisdiction under section 14-14.1-13 or that a court of this state would be a more

convenient forum under section 14-14.1-18; or

2. A court of this state or a court of the other state determines that the child, the child's

parents, and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in the other state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-06.1-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-06.1 / Section 14-06.1-04
14-06.1-04. Sources of funding and in-kind contributions
Status: in_force

14-06.1-04. Sources of funding and in-kind contributions

The superintendent shall explore all possible sources of funding and in-kind contributions

from federal, state, local, and private sources in establishing displaced homemaker services.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-02
14-07.1-02. Domestic violence protection order
Status: repealed

14-07.1-02. Domestic violence protection order

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 145, § 17.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-23 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-23
14-20-23. (313) Release of information
Status: in_force

14-20-23. (313) Release of information

The department of health and human services may release information relating to the

acknowledgment of paternity or denial of paternity to a signatory of the acknowledgment or

denial and to courts and appropriate state or federal agencies of this or another state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-18-02.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-18 / Section 14-18-02.1
14-18-02.1. Paternity
Status: repealed

14-18-02.1. Paternity

Repealed by S.L. 2005, ch. 135, § 11.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03.2-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03.2 / Section 14-03.2-05
14-03.2-05. Formation requirements
Status: in_force

14-03.2-05. Formation requirements

A premarital agreement or marital agreement must be in a record and signed by both

parties. The agreement is enforceable without consideration.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-19 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-19
14-05-19. Affirmative proof required
Status: repealed

14-05-19. Affirmative proof required

Repealed by S.L. 1971, ch. 150, § 1.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-08-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-08 / Section 14-08-02
14-08-02. Power of court to render judgment
Status: in_force

14-08-02. Power of court to render judgment

If it appears to the court upon the trial of an action against a husband or wife to provide

support for that person's spouse and minor children that that person is able to support or

contribute to the support of that person's spouse and said children and that the person neglects

or refuses to perform the person's duty in that respect, the court may render such judgment as

to the support by the person of that person's spouse and said children as is equitable in view of

the circumstances of both parties.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-19 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-19
14-10-19. Minor's consent for prenatal care and other pregnancy care services
Status: in_force

14-10-19. Minor's consent for prenatal care and other pregnancy care services

1. a. A physician or other health care provider may provide pregnancy testing and pain

management related to pregnancy to a minor without the consent of a parent or

guardian.

b. A physician or other health care provider may provide prenatal care to a pregnant

minor in the first trimester of pregnancy or may provide a single prenatal care visit

in the second or third trimester of pregnancy without the consent of a parent or

guardian.

c. A physician or other health care provider may provide prenatal care beyond the

first trimester of pregnancy or in addition to the single prenatal care visit in the

second or third trimester if, after a good-faith effort, the physician or other health

care provider is unable to contact the minor's parent or guardian.

d. The costs incurred by the physician or other health care provider for performing

services under this section may not be submitted to a third-party payer without

the consent of the minor's parent or guardian.

e. This section does not authorize a minor to consent to abortion or otherwise

supersede the requirements of chapter 14-02.1.

2. If a minor requests confidential services pursuant to subsection 1, the physician or

other health care professional shall encourage the minor to involve her parents or

guardian. Notwithstanding subsection 1, a physician or other health care professional

or a health care facility may not be compelled against their best judgment to treat a

minor based on the minor's own consent.

3. A physician or other health care professional who, pursuant to subsection 1, provides

pregnancy care services to a minor may inform the parent or guardian of the minor of

any pregnancy care services given or needed if the physician or other health care

professional discusses with the minor the reasons for informing the parent or guardian

prior to the disclosure and, in the judgment of the physician or other health care

professional:

a. Failure to inform the parent or guardian would seriously jeopardize the health of

the minor or her unborn child;

b. Surgery or hospitalization is needed; or

c. Informing the parent or guardian would benefit the health of the minor or her

unborn child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-00.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-00.1
14-10-00.1. Presumption of age
Status: in_force

14-10-00.1. Presumption of age

1. In determining an individual's age for purposes of this chapter, the individual's date of

birth as provided by any of the following is presumed to be the individual's legal date of

birth:

a. A state government in the form of a birth certificate, other state-issued

identification, or a certified copy of a birth certificate that includes the individual's

date of birth;

b. The United States government in the form of a tribal identification document,

military identification, passport, passport card, permanent resident card,

certificate of United States citizenship, certificate of naturalization, border

crossing card, visa, or other entry document that includes the individual's date of

birth; or

c. A foreign government in the form of a passport, driver's license, or other foreign

government-issued identity document that includes the individual's date of birth. If

there is a conflict between government issued forms, a government issued birth

certificate or a certified copy of a birth certificate takes precedence.

2. The presumption in subsection 1 may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence to

the contrary.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.1-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.1 / Section 14-09.1-04
14-09.1-04. Qualifications of mediators
Status: in_force

14-09.1-04. Qualifications of mediators

The supreme court shall adopt rules establishing the minimum qualifications of a mediator.

To be included on a list of qualified mediators approved by the court, a person must possess the

minimum qualifications.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-33.3 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-33.3
14-12.2-33.3. (504) Immunity from civil liability
Status: in_force

14-12.2-33.3. (504) Immunity from civil liability

An employer that complies with an income-withholding order issued in another state in

accordance with this chapter is not subject to civil liability to an individual or agency with regard

to the employer's withholding of child support from the obligor's income.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-02
14-02.5-02. Sale or rental
Status: in_force

14-02.5-02. Sale or rental

1. A person may not refuse to sell or rent, after the making of a bona fide offer, refuse to

negotiate for the sale or rental of, or in any other manner make unavailable or deny a

dwelling to an individual because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, age, familial

status, national origin, or status with respect to marriage or public assistance.

2. A person may not discriminate against an individual in the terms, conditions, or

privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling or in providing services or facilities in

connection with a sale or rental of a dwelling because of race, color, religion, sex,

disability, age, familial status, national origin, or status with respect to marriage or

public assistance.

3. An applicant for or tenant of housing that is part of a state housing program may not

be denied admission to, denied assistance under, terminated from participating in, or

evicted from housing on the basis that the applicant or tenant is or has been a victim of

domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, if the applicant or

tenant otherwise qualifies for admission, assistance, participation, or occupancy.

4. This section does not prohibit discrimination against an individual because the

individual has been convicted under federal law or the law of any state of the illegal

manufacture or distribution of a controlled substance.

5. Nothing in this chapter prevents a person from refusing to rent a dwelling to two

unrelated individuals of opposite gender who are not married to each other.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15.1-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15.1 / Section 14-15.1-06
14-15.1-06. Fees and charges
Status: in_force

14-15.1-06. Fees and charges

Reasonable fees may be charged for professional services and living expenses if reflected

in a report of agreements and disbursements filed under this chapter and approved by the court.

The fees may not be contingent upon placement of the child for adoption, consent to adoption,

or cooperation in the completion of adoption. "Reasonable fees" may include:

1. Preplacement counseling, adoption assessment, placement of the child, foster care, or

other preadoption services, which must be paid directly to the provider of the services;

2. Legal fees relating to the petition for relinquishment or adoption, which must be paid

directly to the provider of the services;

3. Medical expenses relating to prenatal care and the birth of the child, which are not

already covered by health insurance;

4. Expenses for transportation, meals, and lodging incurred for placement of the child or

in order to receive counseling, legal, or medical services related to the pregnancy,

birth, or placement; and

5. Living expenses of the birth mother which are needed to maintain an adequate

standard of living, which the birth mother is unable to otherwise maintain because of

loss of income or other support resulting from pregnancy. Payments may cover

expenses incurred during the pregnancy-related incapacity but not for a period longer

than six weeks following the delivery unless the court determines within the six-week

period that the birth mother is unable to be employed due to physical limitations

relating to the birth of the child. Living expenses do not include expenses for lost

wages, gifts, educational expenses, vacations, or other similar expenses of a birth

mother.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-04
14-09.3-04. (105) Notification required of deploying or redeploying parent
Status: in_force

14-09.3-04. (105) Notification required of deploying or redeploying parent

1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4 and subject to subsection 3, a deploying

parent shall notify in a record the other parent of a pending deployment or

redeployment not later than seven days after receiving notice of deployment or

redeployment unless reasonably prevented from doing so by the circumstances of

service. If the circumstances of service prevent giving notification within the seven

days, the deploying or redeploying parent shall give the notification as soon as

reasonably possible.

2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4 and subject to subsection 3, each parent

shall provide in a record the other parent with a plan for fulfilling that parent's share of

custodial responsibility during deployment. Each parent shall provide the plan as soon

as reasonably possible after notification of deployment is given under subsection 1.

3. If a court order currently in effect prohibits disclosure of the address or contact

information of the other parent, notification of deployment under subsection 1, or

notification of a plan for custodial responsibility during deployment under subsection 2,

may be made only to the issuing court. If the address of the other parent is available to

the issuing court, the court shall forward the notification to the other parent. The court

shall keep confidential the address or contact information of the other parent.

4. Notification in a record under subsection 1 or 2 is not required if the parents are living

in the same residence and both parents have actual notice of the deployment or plan.

5. In a proceeding regarding custodial responsibility, a court may consider the

reasonableness of a parent's efforts to comply with this section.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-09
14-02.4-09. Seniority, merit, or other measuring systems and ability tests not discriminatory
Status: in_force

14-02.4-09. Seniority, merit, or other measuring systems and ability tests not

discriminatory.

Notwithstanding sections 14-02.4-03 through 14-02.4-06, it is not a discriminatory practice

for an employer to apply different standards of compensation, or different terms, conditions, or

privileges of employment pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system, or a system which

measures earnings by quantity or quality of production or to employees who work in different

locations provided that the differences are not the result of an intention to discriminate because

of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, status with respect

to marriage or public assistance, or participation in lawful activity off the employer's premises

during nonworking hours; or for an employer to give and to act upon the results of any

professionally developed ability test; provided, that the test, its administration, or action upon the

results is not designed, intended, or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex,

national origin, age, physical or mental disability, status with respect to marriage or public

assistance, or participation in a lawful activity off the employer's premises during nonworking

hours.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-05.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-05.1
14-07.1-05.1. Appointment of guardian ad litem for minor
Status: repealed

14-07.1-05.1. Appointment of guardian ad litem for minor

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 145, § 17.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.1-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.1 / Section 14-09.1-05
14-09.1-05. Privacy
Status: in_force

14-09.1-05. Privacy

The mediator shall conduct the mediation proceedings in private. The mediator may not

exclude counsel from participation in the mediation proceedings.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-22
14-05-22. Parental rights and responsibilities - Costs
Status: in_force

14-05-22. Parental rights and responsibilities - Costs

1. In an action for divorce, the court, before or after judgment, may give direction for

parenting rights and responsibilities of the children of the marriage and may vacate or

modify the same at any time. Any award or change of primary parental responsibilities

must be made in accordance with the provisions of chapter 14-09.

2. After making an award of primary residential responsibility, the court, upon request of

the other parent, shall grant such rights of parenting time as will enable the child to

maintain a parent-child relationship that will be beneficial to the child, unless the court

finds, after a hearing, that such rights of parenting time are likely to endanger the

child's physical or emotional health.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-10-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-10 / Section 14-10-06
14-10-06. Unlawful to encourage or contribute to the delinquency of minor or the conditions of a child in need of protection - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-10-06. Unlawful to encourage or contribute to the delinquency of minor or the

conditions of a child in need of protection - Penalty.

1. Any individual who by any act willfully encourages, causes, or contributes to the

delinquency of a minor or the condition of a child in need of protection as defined in

section 27-20.2-01 is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.

2. Any individual who by any act willfully encourages, causes, or contributes to the

conditions of a child in need of protection of a child less than sixteen years of age by

causing that child to engage in sexual conduct as defined under section 12.1-27.2-01,

in any play, motion picture, photograph, dance, or other visual representation is guilty

of a class C felony.

3. If an individual is convicted of this section for encouraging, causing, or contributing to

the consumption or possession of alcoholic beverages by a minor, the court shall

consider the following in mitigation:

a. After consuming the alcohol, the underage individual was in need of medical

assistance as a result of consuming alcohol; and

b. Within twelve hours after the underage individual consumed the alcohol, the

defendant contacted law enforcement or emergency medical personnel to report

that the underage individual was in need of medical assistance as a result of

consuming alcohol.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-20 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-20
14-15-20. Adoption and legitimation by conduct
Status: in_force

14-15-20. Adoption and legitimation by conduct

Notwithstanding the other provisions of this chapter, the biological father of an illegitimate

minor adopts and legitimates a minor by publicly acknowledging the minor as that man's child,

receiving the minor into that man's home, with the consent of that man's wife, if that man is

married, and otherwise treating the minor as if the minor were legitimate. Thereafter, the minor

is deemed the legitimate child of the father for all purposes from the time of birth of the minor,

the same as if the adoption had been finally decreed pursuant to this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-12 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-12
14-02.1-12. Short title
Status: in_force

14-02.1-12. Short title

This chapter may be cited as the North Dakota Abortion Control Act.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-34 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-34
14-02.5-34. Licensed or regulated business
Status: in_force

14-02.5-34. Licensed or regulated business

If the department issues an order with respect to a discriminatory housing practice that

occurs in the course of a business subject to a licensing or regulation by a governmental

agency, the department, not later than the thirtieth day after the date the order is issued, shall

send copies of the findings and the order to the governmental agency and recommend to the

governmental agency appropriate disciplinary action.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-15-13 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-15 / Section 14-15-13
14-15-13. Appearance - Continuance - Disposition of petition
Status: in_force

14-15-13. Appearance - Continuance - Disposition of petition

1. The petitioner and the individual to be adopted shall appear at the hearing on the

petition, unless the presence of either is excused by the court for good cause shown.

2. The court may continue the hearing from time to time to permit further observation,

investigation, or consideration of any facts or circumstances affecting the granting of

the petition.

3. If at the conclusion of the hearing, the court determines that the required consents

have been obtained and that the adoption is in the best interest of the individual to be

adopted, the court may:

a. Issue a final decree of adoption; or

b. Issue an interlocutory decree of adoption which by its own terms automatically

becomes a final decree of adoption on a day specified in the decree, that day

may not be less than six months nor more than one year after the minor was

placed in the adoptive home by an agency or after the department and human

service zone or the court was informed of the custody of the minor by the

petitioner, unless sooner vacated by the court for good cause shown. In an

interlocutory decree of adoption, the court shall provide for observation,

investigation, and further report on the adoptive home during the interlocutory

period.

4. The court shall make a finding as to the reasonableness of expenses reported under

section 14-15-10.

5. If the requirements for a decree under subsection 3 have not been met, the court shall

dismiss the petition and determine the individual to have custody of the minor,

including the petitioners if in the best interest of the minor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-05
14-09.4-05. Commencement of proceeding - Jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-09.4-05. Commencement of proceeding - Jurisdiction

A nonparent may commence a proceeding by filing a petition under section 14-09.4-06 in

the court having jurisdiction to determine custody or visitation under chapter 14-14.1.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.7-11 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.7 / Section 14-07.7-11
14-07.7-11. Notification of stalking law
Status: in_force

14-07.7-11. Notification of stalking law

When an order is issued under this chapter, the order must include or have attached to it a

copy of section 12.1-17-07.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-07
14-03-07. Prohibited marriages
Status: repealed

14-03-07. Prohibited marriages

Repealed by S.L. 1993, ch. 141, § 1.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-24 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-24
14-12.2-24. (312) Nondisclosure of information
Status: in_force

14-12.2-24. (312) Nondisclosure of information

If a party alleges in an affidavit or a pleading under oath that the health, safety, or liberty of a

party or child would be jeopardized by disclosure of specific identifying information, that

information must be sealed and may not be disclosed to the other party or the public. After a

hearing in which a tribunal takes into consideration the health, safety, or liberty of the party or

child, the tribunal may order disclosure of information that the tribunal determines to be in the

interest of justice.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-13-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-13 / Section 14-13-06
14-13-06. Restrictions not to apply
Status: in_force

14-13-06. Restrictions not to apply

The provisions of section 50-12-16 do not apply to placements made pursuant to the

Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.3-24 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.3 / Section 14-09.3-24
14-09.3-24. (403) Visitation before termination of temporary grant of custodial responsibility
Status: in_force

14-09.3-24. (403) Visitation before termination of temporary grant of custodial

responsibility.

After a deploying parent returns from deployment until a temporary agreement or order for

custodial responsibility established under sections 14-09.3-07 through 14-09.3-10 or sections

14-09.3-11 through 14-09.3-21 is terminated, the court shall issue a temporary order granting

the deploying parent reasonable contact with the child unless it is contrary to the best interests

of the child, even if the time of contact exceeds the time the deploying parent spent with the

child before deployment.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.1-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.1 / Section 14-02.1-04
14-02.1-04. Limitations on the performance of abortions - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-02.1-04. Limitations on the performance of abortions - Penalty

1. An abortion may not be performed by any individual other than a physician who is

using applicable medical standards and who is licensed to practice in this state. All

physicians performing abortion procedures must have admitting privileges at a hospital

located within thirty miles [42.28 kilometers] of the abortion facility and staff privileges

to replace hospital on-staff physicians at that hospital. These privileges must include

the abortion procedures the physician will be performing at abortion facilities. An

abortion facility must have a staff member trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation

present at all times when the abortion facility is open and abortions are scheduled to

be performed.

2. After the first twelve weeks of pregnancy but before the time at which the unborn child

may reasonably be expected to have reached viability, an abortion may not be

performed in any facility other than a licensed hospital.

3. An abortion facility may not perform an abortion on a woman without first offering the

woman an opportunity to receive and view at the abortion facility or another facility an

active ultrasound of her unborn child. The offer and opportunity to receive and view an

ultrasound must occur at least twenty-four hours before the abortion is scheduled to be

performed. The active ultrasound image must be of a quality consistent with standard

medical practice in the community, contain the dimensions of the unborn child, and

accurately portray the presence of external members and internal organs, including

the heartbeat, if present or viewable, of the unborn child. The auscultation of the fetal

heart tone must be of a quality consistent with standard medical practice in the

community. The abortion facility shall document the woman's response to the offer,

including the date and time of the offer and the woman's signature attesting to her

informed decision.

4. A physician may not perform an abortion unless the physician has reviewed the

educational information created under section 43-17-27.1 within two years before the

performance of an abortion. This subsection does not apply in the case of a medical

emergency.

5. Any physician who performs an abortion without complying with the provisions of this

section is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.

6. It is a class B felony for any individual, other than a physician licensed under chapter

43-17, to perform an abortion in this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-03-28 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-03 / Section 14-03-28
14-03-28. Penalty
Status: in_force

14-03-28. Penalty

Unless otherwise provided, any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter is

guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-36 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-36
14-09-36. Death of a child - Duty to report - Penalty
Status: in_force

14-09-36. Death of a child - Duty to report - Penalty

1. A caretaker of a child in the caretaker's care is guilty of a class C felony if the caretaker

willfully fails to:

a. Report the child's death to a law enforcement agency within two hours after

learning about the child's death; or

b. Report the location of the child's corpse to a law enforcement agency within two

hours after learning the location of the corpse.

2. This section does not apply to the death of a child which occurs while the child is

under the care of a health care professional or emergency medical personnel.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.2-05 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.2 / Section 14-09.2-05
14-09.2-05. Fees
Status: in_force

14-09.2-05. Fees

Before the appointment of the parenting coordinator, the court shall give the parties notice

that the fees of the parenting coordinator will be apportioned between the parties. In its order

appointing the parenting coordinator, the court shall apportion the fees of the parenting

coordinator between the parties, with each party bearing the portion of the fees that the court

determines is just and equitable under the circumstances. If a party files a pro se motion

regarding a parenting time dispute and there is not a court order that provides for apportionment

of the fees of a parenting coordinator, the court may require the party requesting the

appointment of a parenting coordinator to pay the fees of the coordinator in advance. Neither

party may be required to submit a dispute to a parenting coordinator if the party cannot afford to

pay the fees of a parenting coordinator or an affordable coordinator is not available, unless the

other party agrees to pay the fees. After the fees are incurred, a party may by motion request

that the fees be reapportioned on equitable grounds. The court may consider the resources of

the parties, the nature of the dispute, and whether a party acted in bad faith. Notwithstanding

the provisions of section 14-09.2-06, the court may consider information from the parenting

coordinator in determining bad faith.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07 / Section 14-07-06
14-07-06. Contracts between husband and wife and third persons as to property
Status: in_force

14-07-06. Contracts between husband and wife and third persons as to property

Either husband or wife may enter into any engagement or transaction with the other or with

other persons respecting property which either might enter into if unmarried.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.23 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.23
14-09-09.23. Administration of income withholding
Status: repealed

14-09-09.23. Administration of income withholding

Repealed by S.L. 1997, ch. 404, § 77.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.6-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.6 / Section 14-07.6-03
14-07.6-03. Proceeding when abusive litigation is not present
Status: in_force

14-07.6-03. Proceeding when abusive litigation is not present

If the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence any of the litigation pending before the

court does not constitute abusive litigation, the court shall enter written findings to that effect

and the portions of the litigation found not to be abusive may proceed.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-01 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-01
14-09.4-01. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-09.4-01. Definitions

As used in this chapter:

1. "Child" means an unemancipated individual who is under eighteen years of age.

2. "Compensation" means wages or other remuneration paid in exchange for care of a

child. The term does not include reimbursement of expenses for care of the child,

including payment for food, clothing, and medical expenses.

3. "Consistent caretaker" means a nonparent who meets the requirements of

subsection 2 of section 14-09.4-03.

4. "Custody" means physical custody, legal custody, or both. The term includes joint

custody or shared custody.

5. "Harm to a child" means significant adverse effect on a child's physical, emotional, or

psychological well-being.

6. "Legal custody" means the right to make significant decisions regarding a child,

including decisions regarding a child's education, health care, and scheduled activity.

7. "Nonparent" means an individual other than a parent of the child, including a

grandparent, sibling, or stepparent of the child.

8. "Parent" means an individual recognized as a parent under law of this state other than

this chapter.

9. "Person" means an individual, estate, business or nonprofit entity, public corporation,

government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or other legal

entity.

10. "Physical custody" means living with a child and exercising day-to-day care of the

child.

11. "Record" means information inscribed on a tangible medium, or stored in an electronic

or other medium, and is retrievable in perceivable form.

12. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the

United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the

jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes a federally recognized Indian tribe.

13. "Substantial relationship with the child" means a relationship between a nonparent and

child which meets the requirements of subsection 3 of section 14-09.4-03.

14. "Visitation" means the right to spend time, which may include an overnight stay, with a

child who is living with another person.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-47.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-47.1
14-12.2-47.1. (701) Definitions
Status: in_force

14-12.2-47.1. (701) Definitions

In sections 14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13:

1. "Application" means a request under the convention by an obligee, obligor, or on

behalf of a child, made through a central authority for assistance from another central

authority.

2. "Central authority" means the entity designated by the United States or a foreign

country described in subdivision d of subsection 5 of section 14-12.2-01 to perform the

functions specified in the convention.

3. "Convention support order" means a support order of a tribunal of a foreign country

described in subdivision d of subsection 5 of section 14-12.2-01.

4. "Direct request" means a petition filed by an individual in a tribunal of this state in a

proceeding involving an obligee, obligor, or child residing outside the United States.

5. "Foreign central authority" means the entity designated by a foreign country described

in subdivision d of subsection 5 of section 14-12.2-01 to perform the functions

specified in the convention.

6. "Foreign support agreement":

a. Means an agreement for support in a record that:

(1) Is enforceable as a support order in the country of origin;

(2) Has been:

(a) Formally drawn up or registered as an authentic instrument by a

foreign tribunal; or

(b) Authenticated by, or concluded, registered, or filed with a foreign

tribunal; and

(3) May be reviewed and modified by a foreign tribunal; and

b. Includes a maintenance arrangement or authentic instrument under the

convention.

7. "United States central authority" means the secretary of the United States department

of health and human services.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02 / Section 14-02-06
14-02-06. Offenses against personal relation
Status: in_force

14-02-06. Offenses against personal relation

All civil claims for relief for breach of promise to marry, alienation of affection, criminal

conversation, and seduction are abolished. A claim for relief brought before July 1, 1983, under

this section, is valid until final judgment is rendered.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-08.10 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-08.10
14-09-08.10. Order (Contingent effective date - See note)
Status: in_force

14-09-08.10. Order. (Contingent effective date - See note)

Each order entered under this code for the support of a minor child or the support of a child

after majority under section 14-09-08.2 must include a provision for health insurance coverage

for that child.

1. Except as provided in subsection 2, the order must require the obligor to provide

satisfactory health insurance coverage whenever that coverage is available at

reasonable cost or becomes available at reasonable cost.

2. If the obligee is an individual with physical custody of the child, the obligee must be

required to provide satisfactory health insurance whenever that coverage is available

at no or nominal cost.

Order. (Contingent effective date - See note) Each order entered under this code for the

support of a minor child or the support of a child after majority under section 14-09-08.2 must

include a provision for the child's health insurance coverage or other medical support.

Responsibility for the child's health insurance coverage or other medical support must be

established according to rules adopted by the child support agency. To the extent permitted by

federal law and rules promulgated by the secretary of the United States department of health

and human services, the rules adopted under this section must include a reasonable cost

standard which considers the income of the obligated parent and the cost of health insurance

coverage.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-14.2-02 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-14.2 / Section 14-14.2-02
14-14.2-02. Cooperation and communication among courts
Status: in_force

14-14.2-02. Cooperation and communication among courts

Sections 14-14.1-09, 14-14.1-10, and 14-14.1-11 apply to cooperation and communications

among courts in proceedings under this chapter.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-07 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-07
14-12.2-07. (204) Simultaneous proceedings
Status: in_force

14-12.2-07. (204) Simultaneous proceedings

1. A tribunal of this state may exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the

petition or comparable pleading is filed after a petition or comparable pleading is filed

in another state or foreign country only if:

a. The petition or comparable pleading in this state is filed before the expiration of

the time allowed in the other state or foreign country for filing a responsive

pleading challenging the exercise of jurisdiction by the other state or foreign

country;

b. The contesting party timely challenges the exercise of jurisdiction in the other

state or foreign country; and

c. If relevant, this state is the home state of the child.

2. A tribunal of this state may not exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the

petition or comparable pleading is filed before a petition or comparable pleading is filed

in another state or foreign country if:

a. The petition or comparable pleading in the other state or foreign country is filed

before the expiration of the time allowed in this state for filing a responsive

pleading challenging the exercise of jurisdiction by this state;

b. The contesting party timely challenges the exercise of jurisdiction in this state;

and

c. If relevant, the other state or foreign country is the home state of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-05-15 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-05 / Section 14-05-15
14-05-15. Recrimination defined
Status: repealed

14-05-15. Recrimination defined

Repealed by S.L. 1963, ch. 127, § 2.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-08-04 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-08 / Section 14-08-04
14-08-04. What payments made by spouse pending action
Status: in_force

14-08-04. What payments made by spouse pending action

The court in its discretion may require the defending spouse to pay any money necessary to

enable the plaintiff to prosecute the action and to support the plaintiff and any children in the

plaintiff's custody during its pendency.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-29 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-29
14-09-29. Parental rights and responsibilities - Best interests and welfare of child
Status: in_force

14-09-29. Parental rights and responsibilities - Best interests and welfare of child

1. A court issuing an order that deals with parenting rights and responsibilities of a child

entered under this chapter shall award the parental rights and responsibilities

concerning the child to a person, agency, organization, or institution as will, in the

opinion of the court, promote the best interests and welfare of the child. Between the

mother and father, whether married or unmarried, there is no presumption as to whom

will better promote the best interests and welfare of the child.

2. If the court finds that a parent has perpetrated domestic violence and that parent does

not have residential responsibility, and there exists one incident of domestic violence

which resulted in serious bodily injury or involved the use of a dangerous weapon or

there exists a pattern of domestic violence within a reasonable time proximate to the

proceeding, the court shall allow only supervised parenting time with that parent

unless there is a showing by clear and convincing evidence that unsupervised

parenting time would not endanger the child's physical or emotional health.

3. If any court finds that a parent has sexually abused the parent's child, the court shall

prohibit contact between the abusive parent and the child until the court finds that the

abusive parent has successfully completed a treatment program designed for such

sexual abusers and that supervised parenting time is in the child's best interests.

Contact between the abusive parent and the child may be allowed only in a

therapeutic setting, facilitated by a therapist as part of a sexual abuse treatment

program, and only when the therapist for the abusive parent and the therapist for the

abused child agree that contact serves a therapeutic purpose and is in the best

interests of the child.

4. In any proceeding dealing with parental rights and responsibilities in which a parent is

found to have perpetrated domestic violence, and there exists one incident of domestic

violence which resulted in serious bodily injury or involved the use of a dangerous

weapon or there exists a pattern of domestic violence within a reasonable time

proximate to the proceeding, all court costs, attorney's fees, evaluation fees, and

expert witness fees must be paid by the perpetrator of the domestic violence unless

those costs would place an undue financial hardship on that parent.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-18 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-18
14-09.4-18. Law governing child support
Status: in_force

14-09.4-18. Law governing child support

The authority of a court to award child support payable to or by a nonparent is governed by
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-60 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-60
14-20-60. (702) Parental status of donor
Status: in_force

14-20-60. (702) Parental status of donor

A donor is not a parent of a child conceived by means of assisted reproduction.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.4-22 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.4 / Section 14-02.4-22
14-02.4-22. Duties and powers of department
Status: in_force

14-02.4-22. Duties and powers of department

1. The department shall receive and investigate complaints alleging violations of this

chapter. The department shall emphasize conciliation to resolve complaints.

2. For the purpose of thoroughly investigating a complaint, the department may require

the attendance of a witness and the production of a book, record, document, data, or

other object at any hearing or with reference to any matter the department has the

authority to investigate. If under this subsection a witness fails or refuses to appear or

to produce, the department may issue a subpoena to compel the witness to appear or

a subpoena duces tecum to compel the witness to appear and produce a relevant

book, record, document, data, or other object.

3. If a person refuses to obey a subpoena, the district court, upon application by the

department, may issue to the person an order requiring that person appear and give

evidence or otherwise produce documentary evidence requested by the department

regarding the matter under investigation.

4. A witness who is subpoenaed under this section and who appears at a hearing or

whose deposition is taken is entitled to receive the same fees and mileage as a

witness in a civil case in district court.

5. The department may adopt rules necessary to implement this chapter.

6. Within the limits of legislative appropriations, the department shall foster prevention of

discrimination under this chapter through education for the public, employers,

providers of public accommodations or services, and commercial lenders on the rights

and responsibilities provided under this chapter and ways to respect those protected

rights.

7. The department shall publish in even-numbered years a written report recommending

legislative or other action to carry out the purposes of this chapter. The department

shall conduct studies relating to the nature and extent of discriminatory practices in

this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-03 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-03
14-20-03. (103) Scope - Choice of law
Status: in_force

14-20-03. (103) Scope - Choice of law

1. This chapter applies to determination of parentage in this state.

2. The court shall apply the law of this state to adjudicate the parent-child relationship.

The applicable law does not depend on:

a. The place of birth of the child; or

b. The past or present residence of the child.

3. This chapter does not create, enlarge, or diminish parental rights or duties under other

law of this state.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09.4-14 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09.4 / Section 14-09.4-14
14-09.4-14. Modification of custody or visitation
Status: in_force

14-09.4-14. Modification of custody or visitation

1. On motion, and subject to subsections 3 and 4, the court may modify a final custody or

visitation order under section 14-09.4-13 on a showing by a preponderance of the

evidence that:

a. A substantial and continuing change in circumstance has occurred relevant to the

custody of or visitation with the child; and

b. Modification is in the best interest of the child.

2. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3 and 4, if a nonparent has rebutted the

presumption under section 14-09.4-04 in an initial proceeding, the presumption

remains rebutted.

3. If a motion is filed to modify an order of visitation under this chapter to obtain an order

of custody, the nonparent must rebut the presumption under section 14-09.4-04.

4. On agreement of the parties, the court may modify a custody or visitation order, unless

the court finds the agreement is not in the best interest of the child.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-02.5-38 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-02.5 / Section 14-02.5-38
14-02.5-38. Subpoena enforcement
Status: in_force

14-02.5-38. Subpoena enforcement

The attorney general, on behalf of the department or another party at whose request a

subpoena is issued under this chapter, may enforce the subpoena in appropriate proceedings in

district court.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-07.1-02.1 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-07.1 / Section 14-07.1-02.1
14-07.1-02.1. Allegation of domestic violence - Effect
Status: in_force

14-07.1-02.1. Allegation of domestic violence - Effect

If the court finds that a party's allegation of domestic violence in a civil protection order

proceeding, divorce proceeding, parenting responsibility proceeding, parenting time proceeding,

separation proceeding, or termination of parental rights proceeding is false and not made in

good faith, the court shall order the party making the false allegation to pay court costs and

reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the other party in responding to the allegation.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-11 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-11
14-09-11. Allowance to parent for support of child
Status: in_force

14-09-11. Allowance to parent for support of child

The district court may direct an allowance to be made to a parent of a child out of its

property for its past or future support and education on such conditions as may be proper,

whenever such direction is for its benefit.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-12.2-09 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-12.2 / Section 14-12.2-09
14-12.2-09. (206) Continuing jurisdiction to enforce child support order
Status: in_force

14-12.2-09. (206) Continuing jurisdiction to enforce child support order

1. A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of

this state may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to

enforce:

a. The order if the order is the controlling order and has not been modified by a

tribunal of another state that assumed jurisdiction pursuant to the Uniform

Interstate Family Support Act; or

b. A money judgment for arrears of support and interest on the order accrued before

a determination that an order of a tribunal of another state is the controlling order.

2. A tribunal of this state having continuing jurisdiction over a support order may act as a

responding tribunal to enforce the order.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-06 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-06
14-09-06. Priority of custody of father and mother
Status: repealed

14-09-06. Priority of custody of father and mother

Repealed by S.L. 2009, ch. 149, § 12.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-09.9 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-09 / Section 14-09-09.9
14-09-09.9. Effect of filing out-of-state wage withholding order
Status: repealed

14-09-09.9. Effect of filing out-of-state wage withholding order

Repealed by S.L. 1987, ch. 183, § 16.
N.D. Cent. Code § 14-20-39 — ND Code / Title 14 / Chapter 14-20 / Section 14-20-39
14-20-39. (604) Personal jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-20-39. (604) Personal jurisdiction

1. An individual may not be adjudicated to be a parent unless the court has personal

jurisdiction over the individual.

2. A court of this state having jurisdiction to adjudicate parentage may exercise personal

jurisdiction over a nonresident individual, or the guardian or conservator of the

individual, if the conditions prescribed in section 14-12.2-04 are fulfilled.

3. Lack of jurisdiction over one individual does not preclude the court from making an

adjudication of parentage binding on another individual over whom the court has

personal jurisdiction.