FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 1
All proceeds of the public lands that have been, or may be granted by the
Status: in_force

Section 1. All proceeds of the public lands that have been, or may be granted by the 
United States for the support of the common schools in this state; all such per centum as may 
be granted by the United States on the sale of public lands; the proceeds of property that fall to 
the state by escheat; all gifts, donations, or the proceeds thereof that come to the state for 
support of the common schools, or not otherwise appropriated by the terms of the gift, and all 
other property otherwise acquired for common schools, must be and remain a perpetual trust 
fund for the maintenance of the common schools of the state. All property, real or personal, 
received  by  the  state  from  whatever  source,  for  any  specific  educational  or  charitable 
institution, unless otherwise designated by the donor, must be and remain a perpetual trust 
fund for the creation and maintenance of such institution, and may be commingled only with 
similar funds for the same institution. If a gift is made to an institution for a specific purpose, 
without designating a trustee, the gift may be placed in the institution's fund; provided that such 
a donation may be expended as the terms of the gift provide. Revenues earned by a perpetual 
trust fund must be deposited in the fund. The costs of administering a perpetual trust fund may 
be  paid  out of  the  fund.  The perpetual  trust funds  must  be  managed  to  preserve  their 
purchasing power and to maintain stable distributions to fund beneficiaries.
North Dakota Const. art. 14, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 14 / Section 1
1.
Status: in_force

Section 1. 
1.
The people of North Dakota need information to choose candidates for office, vote on 
ballot  measures,  and  ensure  that  their  representatives  are  accountable.  This 
transparency must be sufficient to enable the people to make informed decisions and 
give proper weight to different speakers and messages. The people therefore have 
the right to know in a timely manner the source, quantity, timing, and nature of 
resources  used  to  influence  any  statewide  election,  election  for  the  legislative 
assembly, statewide ballot-issue election, and state government action. This right is 
essential to the rights of free speech, assembly, and petition guaranteed by the First 
Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and shall be construed broadly. 
2.
The legislative assembly shall implement and enforce this section by enacting, no 
more than three years after the effective date of this article, laws that require prompt, 
electronically accessible, plainly comprehensible, public disclosure of the ultimate 
and true source of funds spent in any medium, in an amount greater than two 
hundred dollars, adjusted for inflation, to influence any statewide election, election for 
the legislative assembly, statewide ballot-issue election, or to lobby or otherwise 
influence state government action. The legislative assembly shall have an ongoing 
duty to revise these laws as necessary to promote the purposes of this section in light 
of changes in technology and political practices. The legislative assembly shall vest 
by law one or more entities with authority to implement, interpret, and enforce this 
section  and  legislation  enacted  thereunder.  If  the  laws  or  rules  enacted  or  an 
implementation, interpretation, or enforcement action taken under this section fail to 
fully vindicate the rights provided in this section, a resident taxpayer may bring suit in 
the courts of this state to enforce such rights.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 11
When any justice or judge has a conflict of interest in a pending cause or is
Status: in_force

Section 11. When any justice or judge has a conflict of interest in a pending cause or is 
unable to sit in court because he is physically or mentally incapacitated, the chief justice, or a 
justice acting in his stead, shall assign a judge, or retired justice or judge, to hear the cause.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 13 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 13
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and a recorded vote on
Status: in_force

Section 13. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and a recorded vote on 
any question shall be taken at the request of one-sixth of those members present. No bill may 
become law except by a recorded vote of a majority of the members elected to each house, 
and the lieutenant governor is considered a member-elect of the senate when the lieutenant 
governor votes.
No law may be enacted except by a bill passed by both houses, and no bill may be 
amended on its passage through either house in a manner which changes its general subject 
matter. No bill may embrace more than one subject, which must be expressed in its title; but a 
law violating this provision is invalid only to the extent the subject is not so expressed.
Every bill must be read on two separate natural days, and the readings may be by title only 
unless a reading at length is demanded by one-fifth of the members present.
No bill may be amended, extended, or incorporated in any other bill by reference to its title 
only, except in the case of definitions and procedural provisions.
The presiding officer of each house shall sign all bills passed and resolutions adopted by 
the legislative assembly, and the fact of signing shall be entered at once in the journal.
Every  law,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  section,  enacted  by  the  legislative 
assembly during its eighty natural meeting days takes effect on August first after its filing with 
the secretary of state, or if filed on or after August first and before January first of the following 
year ninety days after its filing, or on a subsequent date if specified in the law unless, by a vote 
of two-thirds of the members elected to each house, the legislative assembly declares it an 
emergency measure and includes the declaration in the Act. Every appropriation measure for 
support and maintenance of state departments and institutions and every tax measure that 
changes tax rates enacted by the legislative assembly take effect on July first after its filing 
with the secretary of state or on a subsequent date if specified in the law unless, by a vote of 
two-thirds of the members elected to each house, the legislative assembly declares it an 
emergency measure and includes the declaration in the Act. An emergency measure takes 
effect upon its filing with the secretary of state or on a date specified in the measure. Every law 
enacted by a special session of the legislative assembly takes effect on a date specified in the 
Act.
The legislative assembly shall enact all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of 
this constitution. Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, no local or special laws may 
be enacted, nor may the legislative assembly indirectly enact special or local laws by the 
partial repeal of a general law but laws repealing local or special laws may be enacted.
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 21 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 21
The militia forces shall in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the
Status: in_force

Section 21. The militia forces shall in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the 
peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at musters, parades and elections of 
officers, and in going to and returning from the same.
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 11
All  officers  not  liable  to  impeachment  shall  be  subject  to  removal  for
Status: in_force

Section  11. All  officers  not  liable  to  impeachment  shall  be  subject  to  removal  for 
misconduct, malfeasance, crime or misdemeanor in office, or for habitual drunkenness or 
gross incompetency in such manner as may be provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 8, § 5 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 8 / Section 5
All colleges, universities, and other educational institutions, for the support of
Status: in_force

Section 5. All colleges, universities, and other educational institutions, for the support of 
which lands have been granted to this state, or which are supported by a public tax, shall 
remain under the absolute and exclusive control of the state. No money raised for the support 
of the public schools of the state shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any 
sectarian school.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 12 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 12
A majority of the members elected to each house constitutes a quorum. A
Status: in_force

Section 12. A majority of the members elected to each house constitutes a quorum. A 
smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel attendance of absent members 
in a manner, and under a penalty, as may be provided by law.
Each house is the judge of the qualifications of its members, but election contests are 
subject to judicial review as provided by law. If two or more candidates for the same office 
receive an equal and highest number of votes, the secretary of state shall choose one of them 
by the toss of a coin.
Each house shall determine its rules of procedure, and may punish its members or other 
persons for contempt or disorderly behavior in its presence. With the concurrence of two-thirds 
of its elected members, either house may expel a member.
Page No. 2
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 15 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 15
Members of the legislative assembly are immune from arrest during their
Status: in_force

Section 15. Members of the legislative assembly are immune from arrest during their 
attendance at the sessions, and in going to or returning from the sessions, except in cases of 
felony. Members of the legislative assembly may not be questioned in any other place for any 
words used in any speech or debate in legislative proceedings.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 4 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 4
All taxable property except as hereinafter in this section provided, shall be
Status: in_force

Section 4. All taxable property except as hereinafter in this section provided, shall be 
assessed in the county, city, township, village or district in which it is situated, in the manner 
prescribed by law. The property, including franchises of all railroads operated in this state, and 
of  all  express  companies,  freight  line  companies,  dining  car  companies,  sleeping  car 
companies, car equipment companies, or private car line companies, telegraph or telephone 
companies, the property of any person, firm or corporation used for the purpose of furnishing 
electric light, heat or power, or in distributing the same for public use, and the property of any 
other corporation, firm or individual now or hereafter operating in this state, and used directly 
or indirectly in the carrying of persons, property or messages, shall be assessed by the state 
board of equalization in a manner prescribed by such state board or commission as may be 
provided by law. But should any railroad allow any portion of its railway to be used for any 
purpose other than the operation of a railroad thereon, such portion of its railway, while so 
used shall be assessed in a manner provided for the assessment of other real property.
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 5 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 5
Unless otherwise provided by law, all meetings of public or governmental
Status: in_force

Section 5. Unless otherwise provided by law, all meetings of public or governmental 
bodies, boards, bureaus, commissions, or agencies of the state or any political subdivision of 
the state, or organizations or agencies supported in whole or in part by public funds, or 
expending public funds, shall be open to the public.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 4 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 4
A majority of the supreme court shall be necessary to constitute a quorum or to
Status: in_force

Section 4. A majority of the supreme court shall be necessary to constitute a quorum or to 
pronounce  a  decision,  provided  that  the  supreme  court  shall  not  declare  a  legislative 
enactment unconstitutional unless at least four of the members of the court so decide.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 11
Revenue from gasoline and other motor fuel excise and license taxation,
Status: in_force

Section 11. Revenue from gasoline and other motor fuel excise and license taxation, 
motor  vehicle  registration  and  license  taxes,  except  revenue  from  aviation  gasoline  and 
unclaimed aviation motor fuel refunds and other aviation motor fuel excise and license taxation 
used  by  aircraft,  after  deduction  of  cost  of  administration  and  collection  authorized  by 
legislative appropriation only, and statutory refunds, shall be appropriated and used solely for 
construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of public highways, and the payment of 
obligations  incurred  in  the construction,  reconstruction,  repair and  maintenance  of public 
highways.
North Dakota Const. art. 5, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 5 / Section 1
The executive power is vested in the governor, who shall reside in the state
Status: in_force

Section 1. The executive power is vested in the governor, who shall reside in the state 
capital and shall hold the office for the term of four years beginning in the year 2000, and until 
a successor is elected and qualified.
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 23 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 23
The state of North Dakota is an inseparable part of the American union and
Status: in_force

Section 23. The state of North Dakota is an inseparable part of the American union and 
the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 8 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 8
The district court shall have  original jurisdiction of all causes, except  as
Status: in_force

Section 8. The district court shall have  original jurisdiction of all causes, except  as 
otherwise provided by law, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by law or by rule 
of  the supreme court. The district court shall  have authority to issue such writs  as are 
necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction.
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 2
Distributions  from  the  common  schools  trust  fund,  together  with  the  net
Status: in_force

Section  2. Distributions  from  the  common  schools  trust  fund,  together  with  the  net 
proceeds of all fines for violation of state laws and all other sums which may be added by law, 
must be faithfully used and applied each year for the benefit of the common schools of the 
state and no part of the fund must ever be diverted, even temporarily, from this purpose or 
used for any purpose other than the maintenance of common schools as provided by law. 
Distributions from an educational or charitable institution's trust fund must be faithfully used 
and applied each year for the benefit of the institution and no part of the fund may ever be 
diverted,  even  temporarily,  from  this  purpose  or  used  for  any  purpose  other  than  the 
maintenance of the institution, as provided by law.
For  the  biennium  during  which  this  amendment  takes  effect,  distributions  from  the 
perpetual trust funds must be the greater of the amount distributed in the preceding biennium 
or ten percent of the five-year average value of trust assets, excluding the value of lands and 
minerals. Thereafter, biennial distributions from the perpetual trust funds must be ten percent 
of the five-year average value of trust assets, excluding the value of lands and minerals. The 
average value of trust assets is determined by using the assets' ending value for the fiscal year 
that ends one year before the beginning of the biennium and the assets' ending value for the 
four preceding fiscal  years. Equal  amounts must be  distributed during each  year  of  the 
biennium.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 9 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 9
The state shall be divided into judicial districts by order of the supreme court. In
Status: in_force

Section 9. The state shall be divided into judicial districts by order of the supreme court. In 
each district, one or more judges, as provided by law, shall be chosen by the electors of the 
district. The term of office shall be six years, and a district judge shall hold office until his 
successor is duly qualified. The compensation of district judges shall be fixed by law, but the 
compensation of any district judge shall not be diminished during his term of office.
Page No. 1
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 16 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 16
Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just
Status: in_force

Section 16. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just 
compensation having been first made to, or paid into court for the owner, unless the owner 
chooses to accept annual payments as may be provided for by law. No right of way shall be 
appropriated to the use of any corporation until full compensation therefor be first made in 
money or ascertained and paid into court for the owner, unless the owner chooses annual 
payments as may be provided by law, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement 
proposed by such corporation. Compensation shall be ascertained by a jury, unless a jury be 
waived. When the state or any of its departments, agencies or political subdivisions seeks to 
acquire right of way, it may take possession upon making an offer to purchase and by 
depositing the amount of such offer with the clerk of the district court of the county wherein the 
right of way is located. The clerk shall immediately notify the owner of such deposit. The owner 
may thereupon appeal to the court in the manner provided by law, and may have a jury trial, 
unless a jury be waived, to determine the damages, which damages the owner may choose to 
accept in annual payments as may be provided for by law. Annual payments shall not be 
subject to escalator clauses but may be supplemented by interest earned.
For purposes of this section, a public use or a public purpose does not include public 
benefits  of  economic  development,  including  an  increase  in  tax  base,  tax  revenues, 
employment, or general economic health. Private property shall not be taken for the use of, or 
ownership by, any private individual or entity, unless that property is necessary for conducting 
a common carrier or utility business.
Page No. 2
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 28 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 28
Marriage consists only of the legal union between a man and a woman. No
Status: in_force

Section 28. Marriage consists only of the legal union between a man and a woman. No 
other domestic union, however denominated, may be recognized as a marriage or given the 
same or substantially equivalent legal effect.
North Dakota Const. art. 14, § 3 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 14 / Section 3
1.
Status: in_force

Section 3.
1.
In  order  to  strengthen  the  confidence  of  the  people  of  North  Dakota  in  their 
government, and to support open, ethical, and accountable government, the North 
Dakota ethics commission is hereby established. 
2.
The ethics commission may adopt ethics rules related to transparency, corruption, 
elections, and lobbying to which any lobbyist, public official, or candidate for public 
office shall be subject, and may investigate alleged violations of such rules, this 
article, and related state laws. The ethics commission shall maintain a confidential 
whistleblower hotline through which any person acting in good faith may submit 
relevant information. The legislative assembly shall provide adequate funds for the 
proper carrying out of the functions and duties of the commission. 
3.
The ethics commission shall consist of five members, appointed for four-year terms 
by consensus agreement of the governor, the majority leader of the senate, and the 
minority leader of the senate. No member of the ethics commission may hold other 
public office or be a lobbyist, candidate for public office, or political party official.
North Dakota Const. art. 7, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 7 / Section 11
The power of the governing board of a city to franchise the construction and
Status: in_force

Section 11. The power of the governing board of a city to franchise the construction and 
operation of any public utility or similar service within the city shall not be abridged by the 
legislative assembly.
Page No. 2
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 13 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 13
The following public institutions are located as provided, each to have so
Status: in_force

Section 13. The following public institutions are located as provided, each to have so 
much of the remaining grant of one hundred seventy thousand acres of land made by the 
United States for "other educational and charitable institutions" as is allotted by law:
1.
A soldiers' home, when located, or such other charitable institution as the legislative 
assembly may determine, at the city of Lisbon in the county of Ransom, with a grant 
of forty thousand acres of land.
2.
The school for the blind at the city of Grand Forks in the county of Grand Forks or at 
such other location as may be determined by the legislative assembly to be in the 
best interests of the students of such institution and the state of North Dakota.
3.
A school  of  forestry,  or  such  other  institution  as  the  legislative  assembly  may 
determine, at such place in one of the counties of McHenry, Ward, Bottineau, or 
Page No. 4

Rolette, as the electors of said counties may determine by an election for that 
purpose, to be held as provided by the legislative assembly.
4.
A school  of  science  or  such  other  educational  or  charitable  institution  as  the 
legislative assembly may prescribe, at the city of Wahpeton in the county of Richland, 
with a grant of forty thousand acres.
5.
A state college at the city of Minot in the county of Ward.
6.
A state college at the city of Dickinson in the county of Stark.
7.
A state hospital for the care of individuals with mental illness at such place within this 
state as shall be selected by the legislative assembly.
No other institution of a character similar to any one of those located by article IX, section 12, 
or this section shall be established or maintained without an amendment of this constitution.
Page No. 5
North Dakota Const. art. 2, § 3 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 2 / Section 3
Only a qualified elector may vote in any general, special, or primary election for
Status: in_force

Section 3. Only a qualified elector may vote in any general, special, or primary election for 
a federal, statewide, state legislative, district, county, township, city, or school district office, or 
for a statewide, district, or political subdivision ballot measure.
Page No. 1
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 23 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 23
The real and personal property of any woman in this state, acquired before
Status: in_force

Section 23. The real and personal property of any woman in this state, acquired before 
marriage, and all property to which she may, after marriage become in any manner rightfully 
entitled, shall be her separate property, and shall not be liable for the debts of her husband.