FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
North Dakota Const. art. 5, § 7 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 5 / Section 7
The governor is the chief executive of the state. The governor shall have the
Status: in_force

Section 7. The governor is the chief executive of the state. The governor shall have the 
responsibility to see that the state's business is well administered and that its laws are faithfully 
executed.
The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces, except when they are 
called into the service of the United States, and the governor may mobilize them to execute the 
laws and maintain order.
The governor shall prescribe the duties of the lieutenant governor in addition to those 
prescribed in this article.
The governor may call special sessions of the legislative assembly.
The governor shall present information on the condition of the state, together with any 
recommended legislation, to every regular and special session of the legislative assembly.
The governor shall transact and supervise all necessary business of the state with the 
United States, the other states, and the officers and officials of this state.
The  governor  may  grant  reprieves,  commutations,  and  pardons.  The  governor  may 
delegate this power in a manner provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 12, § 10 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 12 / Section 10
No law shall be passed by the legislative assembly granting the right to
Status: in_force

Section 10. No law shall be passed by the legislative assembly granting the right to 
construct and operate a street railroad, telegraph, telephone or electric light plant within any 
city, town or incorporated village, without requiring the consent of the local authorities having 
the control of the street or highway proposed to be occupied for such purposes.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 1
The judicial power of the state is vested in a unified judicial system consisting
Status: in_force

Section 1. The judicial power of the state is vested in a unified judicial system consisting 
of a supreme court, a district court, and such other courts as may be provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 7 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 7
The terms of members of the legislative assembly begin on the first day of
Status: in_force

Section 7. The terms of members of the legislative assembly begin on the first day of 
December following their election.
The legislative assembly shall meet at the seat of government in the month of December 
following the election of the members thereof for organizational and orientation purposes as 
provided by law and shall thereafter recess until twelve noon on the first Tuesday after the third 
day in January or at such other time as may be prescribed by law but not later than the 
eleventh day of January.
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No regular session of the legislative assembly may exceed eighty natural days during the 
biennium. The organizational meeting of the legislative assembly may not be counted as part 
of those eighty natural days, nor may days spent in session at the call of the governor or while 
engaged in impeachment proceedings, be counted. Days spent in regular session need not be 
consecutive, and the legislative assembly may authorize its committees to meet at any time 
during the biennium. As used in this section, a "natural day" means a period of twenty-four 
consecutive hours.
Neither house may recess nor adjourn for more than three days without consent of the 
other house.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 19 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 19
The legislative assembly is hereby authorized and empowered to provide by
Status: in_force

Section 19. The legislative assembly is hereby authorized and empowered to provide by 
law for the erection, purchasing or leasing and operation of one or more terminal grain 
elevators in the states of Minnesota or Wisconsin, or both, to be maintained and operated in 
such manner as the legislative assembly shall prescribe, and provide for inspection, weighing 
and grading of all grain received in such elevator or elevators.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 24 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 24
1.
Status: in_force

Section 24. 
1.
Ten percent of the revenue from oil extraction taxes from taxable oil produced in this 
state must be deposited in the common schools trust fund.
2.
Ten percent of the revenue from oil extraction taxes from taxable oil produced in this 
state must be deposited in the foundation aid stabilization fund in the state treasury, 
the interest of which must be transferred to the state general fund on July first of each 
year.
a.
Except as otherwise provided, the principal of the foundation aid stabilization 
fund may be expended upon order of the governor, who may direct such a 
transfer only to offset reductions in state aid to school districts, which were 
made by executive action pursuant to law, due to a revenue shortage.
b.
Whenever the principal balance of the foundation aid stabilization fund exceeds 
fifteen percent of the general fund appropriation for state aid to school districts, 
for  the  most  recently  completed  biennium,  as  determined  by  the  office  of 
management and budget, the legislative assembly may appropriate or transfer 
any excess principal balance. Such amount may be used for education-related 
purposes, as provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 16, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 16 / Section 1
No person may be elected or appointed to serve a term or a portion of a term in
Status: in_force

Section 1. No person may be elected or appointed to serve a term or a portion of a term in 
the United States Senate or the United States House of Representatives if that person could 
attain eighty-one years of age by December thirty-first of the year immediately preceding the 
end of the term.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 2
The power of taxation shall never be surrendered or suspended by any grant or
Status: in_force

Section 2. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered or suspended by any grant or 
contract to which the state or any county or other municipal corporation shall be a party.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 8 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 8
The  legislative  assembly  shall  pass  all  laws  necessary  to  carry out  the
Status: in_force

Section  8. The  legislative  assembly  shall  pass  all  laws  necessary  to  carry out  the 
provisions of this article.
North Dakota Const. art. 7, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 7 / Section 2
The legislative assembly shall provide by law for the establishment and the
Status: in_force

Section 2. The legislative assembly shall provide by law for the establishment and the 
government of all political subdivisions. Each political subdivision shall have and exercise such 
powers as provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 8, § 3 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 8 / Section 3
In all schools instruction shall be given as far as practicable in those branches
Status: in_force

Section 3. In all schools instruction shall be given as far as practicable in those branches 
of  knowledge  that  tend  to  impress  upon  the  mind  the  vital  importance  of  truthfulness, 
temperance, purity, public spirit, and respect for honest labor of every kind.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 6 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 6
While serving in the legislative assembly, no member may hold any full-time
Status: in_force

Section 6. While serving in the legislative assembly, no member may hold any full-time 
appointive state office established by this constitution or designated by law. During the term for 
which elected, no member of the legislative assembly may be appointed to any full-time office 
that has been created by the legislative assembly. During the term for which elected, no 
member of the legislative assembly may be appointed to any full-time office for which the 
legislative assembly has increased the compensation in an amount greater than the general 
rate of increase provided to full-time state employees.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 1
The legislative assembly shall be prohibited from raising revenue to defray the
Status: in_force

Section 1. The legislative assembly shall be prohibited from raising revenue to defray the 
expenses of the state through the levying of a tax on the assessed value of real or personal 
property.
North Dakota Const. art. 6, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 6 / Section 2
The supreme court shall be the highest court of the state. It shall have
Status: in_force

Section 2. The supreme court shall be the highest court of the state. It shall have 
appellate jurisdiction, and shall also have original jurisdiction with authority to issue, hear, and 
determine such original and remedial writs as may be necessary to properly exercise its 
jurisdiction. The supreme court shall consist of five justices, one of whom shall be designated 
chief justice in the manner provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 24 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 24
The provisions of this constitution are mandatory and prohibitory unless, by
Status: in_force

Section 24. The provisions of this constitution are mandatory and prohibitory unless, by 
express words, they are declared to be otherwise.
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 24 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 24
The labor of children under twelve years of age, shall be prohibited in mines,
Status: in_force

Section 24. The labor of children under twelve years of age, shall be prohibited in mines, 
factories and workshops in this state.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 2
The legislative assembly shall fix the number of senators and representatives
Status: in_force

Section 2. The legislative assembly shall fix the number of senators and representatives 
and divide the state into as many senatorial districts of compact and contiguous territory as 
there are senators. The districts thus ascertained and determined after the 1990 federal 
decennial census shall continue until the adjournment of the first regular session after each 
federal decennial census, or until changed by law.
The legislative assembly shall guarantee, as nearly as is practicable, that every elector is 
equal to every other elector in the state in the power to cast ballots for legislative candidates. A 
senator and at least two representatives must be apportioned to each senatorial district and be 
elected at large or from subdistricts from those districts. The legislative assembly may combine 
two senatorial districts only when a single member senatorial district includes a federal facility 
or  federal  installation,  containing  over  two-thirds  of  the  population  of  a  single  member 
senatorial district, and may provide for the election of senators at large and representatives at 
large or from subdistricts from those districts.
North Dakota Const. art. 5, § 12 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 5 / Section 12
The lieutenant governor shall serve as president of the senate. If the senate is
Status: in_force

Section 12. The lieutenant governor shall serve as president of the senate. If the senate is 
equally divided on a question, the lieutenant governor may vote on procedural matters and on 
substantive matters if the lieutenant governor's vote would be decisive.
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North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 19 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 19
All militia officers shall be appointed or elected in such a manner as the
Status: in_force

Section 19. All militia officers shall be appointed or elected in such a manner as the 
legislative assembly shall provide.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 13 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 13
The state may issue or guarantee the payment of bonds, provided that all
Status: in_force

Section 13. The state may issue or guarantee the payment of bonds, provided that all 
bonds in excess of two million dollars shall be secured by first mortgage upon real estate in 
amounts not to exceed sixty-five percent of its value; or upon real and personal property of 
state-owned  utilities,  enterprises,  or  industries,  in  amounts  not  exceeding  its  value,  and 
provided  further,  that  the  state  shall  not  issue  or  guarantee  bonds  upon  property  of 
state-owned utilities, enterprises, or industries in excess of ten million dollars.
No further indebtedness shall be incurred by the state unless evidenced by a bond issue, 
which shall be authorized by law for certain purposes, to be clearly defined. Every law 
authorizing a bond issue shall provide for levying an annual tax, or make other provision, 
sufficient to pay the interest semiannually, and the principal within thirty years from the date of 
the issue of such bonds and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of such tax, or of such 
other provisions to the payment of said principal and interest, and such appropriation shall not 
be repealed nor the tax or other provisions discontinued until such debt, both principal and 
interest, shall have been paid. No debt in excess of the limit named herein shall be incurred 
except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, defending the state in 
time of war or to provide for the public defense in case of threatened hostilities.
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 22 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 22
All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.
Status: in_force

Section 22. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.
North Dakota Const. art. 12, § 17 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 12 / Section 17
Repealed.
Status: in_force

Section 17. Repealed.
Page No. 2
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 17 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 17
The militia shall be enrolled, organized, uniformed, armed and disciplined in
Status: in_force

Section 17. The militia shall be enrolled, organized, uniformed, armed and disciplined in 
such a manner as shall be provided by law, not incompatible with the constitution or laws of the 
United States.
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 4 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 4
Every man may freely write, speak and publish his opinions on all subjects,
Status: in_force

Section 4. Every man may freely write, speak and publish his opinions on all subjects, 
being responsible for the abuse of that privilege. In all civil and criminal trials for libel the truth 
may be given in evidence, and shall be a sufficient defense when the matter is published with 
good motives and for justifiable ends; and the jury shall have the same power of giving a 
general verdict as in other cases; and in all indictments or informations for libels the jury shall 
have the right to determine the law and the facts under the direction of the court as in other 
cases.
North Dakota Const. art. 16, § 5 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 16 / Section 5
The provisions of this article are severable, and if any provision is held to be
Status: in_force

Section 5. The provisions of this article are severable, and if any provision is held to be 
invalid, either on its face or as applied, the remaining provisions and their application shall not 
be affected thereby. In any case of a conflict between any provision of this article and any 
other provision of this constitution, the provisions of this article shall control.
Page No. 1
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 7 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 7
All  lands received  by the state for any specific educational  or charitable
Status: in_force

Section 7. All  lands received  by the state for any specific educational  or charitable 
institution shall be appraised and sold in the same manner and under the same limitations and 
subject to all the conditions as to price and sale as provided in this constitution for the 
appraisal and sale of lands for the benefit of common schools. However, a distinct and 
separate account shall be kept by the proper officers of each of said funds and the limitations 
as to the time in which school land may be sold shall apply only to lands granted for the 
support of common schools.
North Dakota Const. art. 12, § 6 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 12 / Section 6
Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, in all elections for
Status: in_force

Section 6. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, in all elections for 
directors or managers of a corporation, each member or shareholder may cast the whole 
number of the member's or shareholder's votes for one candidate, or distribute them upon two 
or more candidates, as the member or shareholder may prefer, provided, any cooperative 
corporation may adopt bylaws limiting the voting power of its stockholders.
North Dakota Const. art. 1, § 14 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 1 / Section 14
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless,
Status: in_force

Section 14. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, 
when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require.
North Dakota Const. art. 7, § 7 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 7 / Section 7
The  legislative  assembly shall  also  provide  by law  for  optional  forms  of
Status: in_force

Section  7. The  legislative  assembly shall  also  provide  by law  for  optional  forms  of 
government for counties, but no optional form of government shall become operative in any 
county until submitted to the electors thereof at a special or general election, and approved by 
a majority of those voting thereon.
Until one of the optional forms of county government is adopted by any county, the fiscal 
and administrative affairs of the county shall be governed by a board of county commissioners 
as provided by law.
North Dakota Const. art. 3, § 1 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 3 / Section 1
While  the  legislative  power  of  this  state  shall  be  vested  in  a  legislative
Status: in_force

Section  1. While  the  legislative  power  of  this  state  shall  be  vested  in  a  legislative 
assembly consisting of a senate and a house of representatives, the people reserve the power 
to propose and enact laws by the initiative, including the call for a constitutional convention; to 
approve or reject legislative Acts, or parts thereof, by the referendum; to propose and adopt 
constitutional amendments by the initiative; and to recall certain elected officials. This article is 
self-executing and all of its provisions are mandatory. Laws may be enacted to facilitate and 
safeguard, but not to hamper, restrict, or impair these powers.
North Dakota Const. art. 7, § 6 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 7 / Section 6
The  legislative  assembly shall  provide  by law for  the  establishment  and
Status: in_force

Section  6. The  legislative  assembly shall  provide  by law for  the  establishment  and 
exercise of home rule in counties and cities. No home rule charter shall become operative in 
any county or city until submitted to the electors thereof and approved by a majority of those 
voting thereon. In granting home rule powers to cities, the legislative assembly shall not be 
restricted by city debt limitations contained in this constitution.
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 4 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 4
The public officers designated by law shall constitute boards of appraisal and
Status: in_force

Section 4. The public officers designated by law shall constitute boards of appraisal and 
under the authority of the state board of university and school lands shall appraise all school 
lands within their respective counties which they may from time to time recommend for sale at 
their actual value under the prescribed terms and shall first select and designate for sale the 
most valuable lands.
Page No. 1
North Dakota Const. art. 9, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 9 / Section 11
The legislative assembly shall pass suitable laws for the safekeeping, transfer
Status: in_force

Section 11. The legislative assembly shall pass suitable laws for the safekeeping, transfer 
and disbursement of the state school funds; and shall require all officers charged with the 
same or the safekeeping thereof to give ample bonds for all moneys and funds received by 
Page No. 3

them, and if any of said officers shall convert to his own use in any manner or form, or shall 
loan with or without interest or shall deposit in his own name, or otherwise than in the name of 
the state of North Dakota, or shall deposit in any banks or with any person or persons, or 
exchange for other funds or property any portion of the school funds aforesaid or purposely 
allow any portion of the same to remain in his own hands uninvested, except in the manner 
prescribed  by law,  every such  act shall  constitute an  embezzlement  of so  much  of  the 
aforesaid school funds as shall be thus taken or loaned, or deposited, or exchanged, or 
withheld and shall be a felony; and any failure to pay over, produce or account for, the state 
school funds or any part of the same entrusted to any such officer, as by law required or 
demanded, shall be held and be taken to be prima facie evidence of such embezzlement.
North Dakota Const. art. 11, § 2 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 11 / Section 2
The following described seal is hereby declared to be and hereby constituted
Status: in_force

Section 2. The following described seal is hereby declared to be and hereby constituted 
the great seal of the state of North Dakota, to wit: A tree in the open field, the trunk of which is 
surrounded by three bundles of wheat; on the right a plow, anvil and sledge; on the left, a bow 
crossed with three arrows, and an Indian on horseback pursuing a buffalo toward the setting 
sun; the foliage of the tree arched by a half circle of forty-two stars, surrounded by the motto 
"Liberty and Union Now and Forever, One and Inseparable"; the words "Great Seal" at the top; 
the words "State of North Dakota" at the bottom; "October 1st" on the left and "1889" on the 
right. The seal to be two and one-half inches in diameter.
North Dakota Const. art. 10, § 3 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 10 / Section 3
No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law imposing a tax
Status: in_force

Section 3. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law imposing a tax 
shall state distinctly the object of the same, to which only it shall be applied. Notwithstanding 
the foregoing or any other provisions of this constitution, the legislative assembly, in any law 
imposing a tax or taxes on, in respect to or measured by income, may define the income on, in 
respect to or by which such tax or taxes are imposed or measured or may define the tax itself 
by reference to any provision of the laws of the United States as the same may be or become 
effective at any time or from time to time, and may prescribe exceptions or modifications to any 
such provision.
North Dakota Const. art. 4, § 11 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 4 / Section 11
The legislative assembly may provide by law a procedure to fill vacancies
Status: in_force

Section 11. The legislative assembly may provide by law a procedure to fill vacancies 
occurring in either house of the legislative assembly.
North Dakota Const. art. 12, § 5 — North Dakota Constitution / Article 12 / Section 5
The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged, or so
Status: in_force

Section 5. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged, or so 
construed as to prevent the legislative assembly from taking the property and franchises of 
incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use; the same as the property of 
individuals; and the exercise of the police power of this state shall never be abridged, or so 
construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe 
the equal rights of individuals or the general well-being of the state.