FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mt. Const. art. II, § 17 — Article II / Section 17
MT Const., Article II, Section 17
Status: in_force

Due process of law. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
Mt. Const. art. X, § 2 — Article X / Section 2
MT Const., Article X, Section 2
Status: in_force

Public school fund. The public school fund of the state shall consist of: (1) Proceeds from the school lands which have been or may hereafter be granted by the United States, (2) Lands granted in lieu thereof, (3) Lands given or granted by any person or corporation under any law or grant of the United States, (4) All other grants of land or money made from the United States for general educational purposes or without special purpose, (5) All interests in estates that escheat to the state, (6) All unclaimed shares and dividends of any corporation incorporated in the state, (7) All other grants, gifts, devises or bequests made to the state for general educational purposes.
Mt. Const. art. XIII, § 6 — Article XIII / Section 6
MT Const., Article XIII, Section 6
Status: in_force

Perpetuities. No perpetuities shall be allowed except for charitable purposes.
Mt. Const. art. VI, § 6 — Article VI / Section 6
MT Const., Article VI, Section 6
Status: in_force

Vacancy in office. (1) If the office of lieutenant governor becomes vacant by his succession to the office of governor, or by his death, resignation, or disability as determined by law, the governor shall appoint a qualified person to serve in that office for the remainder of the term. If both the elected governor and the elected lieutenant governor become unable to serve in the office of governor, succession to the respective offices shall be as provided by law for the period until the next general election. Then, a governor and lieutenant governor shall be elected to fill the remainder of the original term. (2) If the office of secretary of state, attorney general, auditor, or superintendent of public instruction becomes vacant by death, resignation, or disability as determined by law, the governor shall appoint a qualified person to serve in that office until the next general election and until a successor is elected and qualified. The person elected to fill a vacancy shall hold the office until the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was elected.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 34 — Article I / Section 34
MT Const., Article I, Section 34
Status: in_force

Unenumerated rights. The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others retained by the people.
Mt. Const. art. VI, § 8 — Article VI / Section 8
MT Const., Article VI, Section 8
Status: in_force

Appointing power. (1) The departments provided for in section 7 shall be under the supervision of the governor. Except as otherwise provided in this constitution or by law, each department shall be headed by a single executive appointed by the governor subject to confirmation by the senate to hold office until the end of the governor's term unless sooner removed by the governor. (2) The governor shall appoint, subject to confirmation by the senate, all officers provided for in this constitution or by law whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for. They shall hold office until the end of the governor's term unless sooner removed by the governor. (3) If a vacancy occurs in any such office when the legislature is not in session, the governor shall appoint a qualified person to discharge the duties thereof until the office is filled by appointment and confirmation. (4) A person not confirmed by the senate for an office shall not, except at its request, be nominated again for that office at the same session, or be appointed to that office when the legislature is not in session.
Mt. Const. art. VI, § 1 — Article VI / Section 1
MT Const., Article VI, Section 1
Status: in_force

Officers. (1) The executive branch includes a governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction, and auditor. (2) Each holds office for a term of four years which begins on the first Monday of January next succeeding election, and until a successor is elected and qualified. (3) Each shall reside at the seat of government, there keep the public records of his office, and perform such other duties as are provided in this constitution and by law.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 24 — Article I / Section 24
MT Const., Article I, Section 24
Status: in_force

Rights of the accused. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation; to meet the witnesses against him face to face; to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed, subject to the right of the state to have a change of venue for any of the causes for which the defendant may obtain the same.
Mt. Const. art. XI, § 4 — Article XI / Section 4
MT Const., Article XI, Section 4
Status: in_force

General powers. (1) A local government unit without self-government powers has the following general powers: (a) An incorporated city or town has the powers of a municipal corporation and legislative, administrative, and other powers provided or implied by law. (b) A county has legislative, administrative, and other powers provided or implied by law. (c) Other local government units have powers provided by law. (2) The powers of incorporated cities and towns and counties shall be liberally construed.
Mt. Const. art. VIII, § 6 — Article VIII / Section 6
MT Const., Article VIII, Section 6
Status: in_force

Highway revenue non-diversion. (1) Revenue from gross vehicle weight fees and excise and license taxes (except general sales and use taxes) on gasoline, fuel, and other energy sources used to propel vehicles on public highways shall be used as authorized by the legislature, after deduction of statutory refunds and adjustments, solely for: (a) Payment of obligations incurred for construction, reconstruction, repair, operation, and maintenance of public highways, streets, roads, and bridges. (b) Payment of county, city, and town obligations on streets, roads, and bridges. (c) Enforcement of highway safety, driver education, tourist promotion, and administrative collection costs. (2) Such revenue may be appropriated for other purposes by a three-fifths vote of the members of each house of the legislature.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 6 — Article I / Section 6
MT Const., Article I, Section 6
Status: in_force

General transition. (1) The rights and duties of all public bodies shall remain as if this Constitution had not been adopted with the exception of such changes as are contained in this Constitution. All laws, ordinances, regulations, and rules of court not contrary to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this Constitution shall remain in force, until they shall expire by their own limitation or shall be altered or repealed pursuant to this Constitution. (2) The validity of all public and private bonds, debts, and contracts, and of all suits, actions, and rights of action, shall continue as if no change had taken place. (3) Executed (certified by letter, February 22, 1977). This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government , local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices . Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties." These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5). A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{ PD-in-USGov }}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations. Public domain Public domain false false
Mt. Const. art. II, § 15 — Article II / Section 15
MT Const., Article II, Section 15
Status: in_force

Rights of persons not adults. The rights of persons under 18 years of age shall include, but not be limited to, all the fundamental rights of this Article unless specifically precluded by laws which enhance the protection of such persons.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 28 — Article II / Section 28
MT Const., Article II, Section 28
Status: in_force

Criminal justice policy -- rights of the convicted. (1) Laws for the punishment of crime shall be founded on the principles of prevention, reformation, public safety, and restitution for victims. (2) Full rights are restored by termination of state supervision for any offense against the state. History: Amd. Const. Amend. No. 33, approved Nov. 3, 1998.
Mt. Const. art. VIII, § 8 — Article VIII / Section 8
MT Const., Article VIII, Section 8
Status: in_force

State debt. No state debt shall be created unless authorized by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house of the legislature or a majority of the electors voting thereon. No state debt shall be created to cover deficits incurred because appropriations exceeded anticipated revenue.
Mt. Const. art. XIV, § 8 — Article XIV / Section 8
MT Const., Article XIV, Section 8
Status: in_force

Amendment by legislative referendum. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed by any member of the legislature. If adopted by an affirmative roll call vote of two-thirds of all the members thereof, whether one or more bodies, the proposed amendment shall be submitted to the qualified electors at the next general election. If approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon, the amendment shall become a part of this constitution on the first day of July after certification of the election returns unless the amendment provides otherwise.
Mt. Const. art. IX, § 3 — Article IX / Section 3
MT Const., Article IX, Section 3
Status: in_force

Water rights. (1) All existing rights to the use of any waters for any useful or beneficial purpose are hereby recognized and confirmed. (2) The use of all water that is now or may hereafter be appropriated for sale, rent, distribution, or other beneficial use, the right of way over the lands of others for all ditches, drains, flumes, canals, and aqueducts necessarily used in connection therewith, and the sites for reservoirs necessary for collecting and storing water shall be held to be a public use. (3) All surface, underground, flood, and atmospheric waters within the boundaries of the state are the property of the state for the use of its people and are subject to appropriation for beneficial uses as provided by law. (4) The legislature shall provide for the administration, control, and regulation of water rights and shall establish a system of centralized records, in addition to the present system of local records.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 32 — Article II / Section 32
MT Const., Article II, Section 32
Status: in_force

Civilian control of the military. The military shall always be in strict subordination to the civil power; no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the manner provided by law.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 3 — Article I / Section 3
MT Const., Article I, Section 3
Status: in_force

Prospective operation of declaration of rights. Any rights, procedural or substantive, created for the first time by Article II shall be prospective and not retroactive.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 5 — Article II / Section 5
MT Const., Article II, Section 5
Status: in_force

Freedom of religion. The state shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 1 — Article II / Section 1
MT Const., Article II, Section 1
Status: in_force

Popular sovereignty. All political power is vested in and derived from the people. All government of right originates with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 23 — Article I / Section 23
MT Const., Article I, Section 23
Status: in_force

Detention. No person shall be imprisoned for the purpose of securing his testimony in any criminal proceeding longer than may be necessary in order to take his deposition. If he can give security for his appearance at the time of trial, he shall be discharged upon giving the same; if he cannot give security, his deposition shall be taken in the manner provided by law, and in the presence of the accused and his counsel, or without their presence, if they shall fail to attend the examination after reasonable notice of the time and place thereof.
Mt. Const. art. V, § 5 — Article V / Section 5
MT Const., Article V, Section 5
Status: in_force

Compensation. Each member of the legislature shall receive compensation for his services and allowances provided by law. No legislature may fix its own compensation.
Mt. Const. art. III, § 7 — Article III / Section 7
MT Const., Article III, Section 7
Status: in_force

Number of electors. (1) The number of qualified electors required in each legislative representative district and in the state shall be determined by the number of votes cast for the office of governor in the preceding general election. (2) For the purposes of a constitutional amendment, the number of qualified electors in each county and in the state shall be determined by the number of votes cast for the office of governor in the preceding general election. (3) For the purposes of a statutory initiative, the number of qualified electors required in each county and in the state shall be determined by the number of votes cast for the office of governor in the preceding general election. History: Amd. Const. Amend. No. 37, approved Nov. 5, 2002; amd. Const. Amend. No. 38, approved Nov. 5, 2002.
Mt. Const. art. V, § 13 — Article V / Section 13
MT Const., Article V, Section 13
Status: in_force

Impeachment. (1) The governor, executive officers, heads of state departments, judicial officers, and such other officers as may be provided by law are subject to impeachment, and upon conviction shall be removed from office. Other proceedings for removal from public office for cause may be provided by law. (2) The legislature shall provide for the manner, procedure, and causes for impeachment and may select the senate as tribunal. (3) Impeachment shall be brought only by a two-thirds vote of the house. The tribunal hearing the charges shall convict only by a vote of two-thirds or more of its members. (4) Conviction shall extend only to removal from office, but the party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall also be liable to prosecution according to law.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 4 — Article II / Section 4
MT Const., Article II, Section 4
Status: in_force

Individual dignity. The dignity of the human being is inviolable. No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws. Neither the state nor any person, firm, corporation, or institution shall discriminate against any person in the exercise of his civil or political rights on account of race, color, sex, culture, social origin or condition, or political or religious ideas.
Mt. Const. art. XIV, § 1 — Article XIV / Section 1
MT Const., Article XIV, Section 1
Status: in_force

Accelerated effective date. Executed (certified by letter, December 4, 1974.
Mt. Const. art. V, § 12 — Article V / Section 12
MT Const., Article V, Section 12
Status: in_force

Local and special legislation. The legislature shall not pass a special or local act when a general act is, or can be made, applicable.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 7 — Article II / Section 7
MT Const., Article II, Section 7
Status: in_force

Freedom of speech, expression, and press. No law shall be passed impairing the freedom of speech or expression. Every person shall be free to speak or publish whatever he will on any subject, being responsible for all abuse of that liberty. In all suits and prosecutions for libel or slander the truth thereof may be given in evidence; and the jury, under the direction of the court, shall determine the law and the facts.
Mt. Const. art. X, § 3 — Article X / Section 3
MT Const., Article X, Section 3
Status: in_force

Public school fund inviolate. The public school fund shall forever remain inviolate, guaranteed by the state against loss or diversion.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 25 — Article I / Section 25
MT Const., Article I, Section 25
Status: in_force

Self-incrimination and double jeopardy. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself in a criminal proceeding. No person shall be again put in jeopardy for the same offense previously tried in any jurisdiction.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 8 — Article I / Section 8
MT Const., Article I, Section 8
Status: in_force

Amendment by legislative referendum. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed by any member of the legislature. If adopted by an affirmative roll call vote of two-thirds of all the members thereof, whether one or more bodies, the proposed amendment shall be submitted to the qualified electors at the next general election. If approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon, the amendment shall become a part of this constitution on the first day of July after certification of the election returns unless the amendment provides otherwise.
Mt. Const. art. V, § 2 — Article V / Section 2
MT Const., Article V, Section 2
Status: in_force

Size. The size of the legislature shall be provided by law, but the senate shall not have more than 50 or fewer than 40 members and the house shall not have more than 100 or fewer than 80 members.
Mt. Const. art. XIII, § 5 — Article XIII / Section 5
MT Const., Article XIII, Section 5
Status: in_force

Exemption laws. The legislature shall enact liberal homestead and exemption laws.
Mt. Const. art. III, § 5 — Article III / Section 5
MT Const., Article III, Section 5
Status: in_force

Referendum. (1) The people may approve or reject by referendum any act of the legislature except an appropriation of money. A referendum shall be held either upon order by the legislature or upon petition signed by at least five percent of the qualified electors in each of at least one-third of the legislative representative districts. The total number of signers must be at least five percent of the qualified electors of the state. A referendum petition shall be filed with the secretary of state no later than six months after adjournment of the legislature which passed the act. (2) An act referred to the people is in effect until suspended by petitions signed by at least 15 percent of the qualified electors in a majority of the legislative representative districts. If so suspended the act shall become operative only after it is approved at an election, the result of which has been determined and declared as provided by law.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 18 — Article II / Section 18
MT Const., Article II, Section 18
Status: in_force

State subject to suit. The state, counties, cities, towns, and all other local governmental entities shall have no immunity from suit for injury to a person or property, except as may be specifically provided by law by a 2/3 vote of each house of the legislature. History: Amd. Const. Amend. No. 2, approved Nov. 5, 1974.
Mt. Const. art. XIV, § 4 — Article XIV / Section 4
MT Const., Article XIV, Section 4
Status: in_force

Terms of judiciary. Executed (certified by letter, December 20, 1978).
Mt. Const. art. VIII, § 2 — Article VIII / Section 2
MT Const., Article VIII, Section 2
Status: in_force

Tax power inalienable. The power to tax shall never be surrendered, suspended, or contracted away.
Mt. Const. art. IX, § 7 — Article IX / Section 7
MT Const., Article IX, Section 7
Status: in_force

Preservation of harvest heritage. The opportunity to harvest wild fish and wild game animals is a heritage that shall forever be preserved to the individual citizens of the state and does not create a right to trespass on private property or diminution of other private rights. History: En. Sec. 1, Const. Amend. No. 41, approved Nov. 2, 2004.
Mt. Const. art. V, § 11 — Article V / Section 11
MT Const., Article V, Section 11
Status: in_force

Bills. (1) A law shall be passed by bill which shall not be so altered or amended on its passage through the legislature as to change its original purpose. No bill shall become law except by a vote of the majority of all members present and voting. (2) Every vote of each member of the legislature on each substantive question in the legislature, in any committee, or in committee of the whole shall be recorded and made public. On final passage, the vote shall be taken by ayes and noes and the names entered on the journal. (3) Each bill, except general appropriation bills and bills for the codification and general revision of the laws, shall contain only one subject, clearly expressed in its title. If any subject is embraced in any act and is not expressed in the title, only so much of the act not so expressed is void. (4) A general appropriation bill shall contain only appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, for interest on the public debt, and for public schools. Every other appropriation shall be made by a separate bill, containing but one subject. (5) No appropriation shall be made for religious, charitable, industrial, educational, or benevolent purposes to any private individual, private association, or private corporation not under control of the state. (6) A law may be challenged on the ground of noncompliance with this section only within two years after its effective date.
Mt. Const. art. VI, § 3 — Article VI / Section 3
MT Const., Article VI, Section 3
Status: in_force

Qualifications. (1) No person shall be eligible to the office of governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction, or auditor unless he is 25 years of age or older at the time of his election. In addition, each shall be a citizen of the United States who has resided within the state two years next preceding his election. (2) Any person with the foregoing qualifications is eligible to the office of attorney general if an attorney in good standing admitted to practice law in Montana who has engaged in the active practice thereof for at least five years before election. (3) The superintendent of public instruction shall have such educational qualifications as are provided by law.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 13 — Article II / Section 13
MT Const., Article II, Section 13
Status: in_force

Right of suffrage. All elections shall be free and open, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage.
Mt. Const. art. II, § 30 — Article II / Section 30
MT Const., Article II, Section 30
Status: in_force

Treason and descent of estates. Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort; no person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on his confession in open court; no person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the legislature; no conviction shall cause the loss of property to the relatives or heirs of the convicted. The estates of suicides shall descend or vest as in cases of natural death.
Mt. Const. art. VII, § 1 — Article VII / Section 1
MT Const., Article VII, Section 1
Status: in_force

Judicial power. The judicial power of the state is vested in one supreme court, district courts, justice courts, and such other courts as may be provided by law.
Mt. Const. art. I, § 22 — Article I / Section 22
MT Const., Article I, Section 22
Status: in_force

Excessive sanctions. Excessive bail shall not be required, or excessive fines imposed, or cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.