Mich. Comp. Laws § 117.4q — MI Code / Chapter 117 / Act Act-279-of-1909 / Section 117.4q
Administrative hearings bureau; establishment; administrative hearings; procedures; appeal; effect of nonpayment of civil fine or costs; "person" defined; failure to remedy a violation of blight ordinance; misdemeanor.
Status: in_force

Sec. 4q.

(1) A city that has a population of 7,500 or more and is located in any county, or a city that has a population of 3,300 or more and is located in a county that has a population of 1,500,000 or more, may establish an administrative hearings bureau to adjudicate and impose sanctions for violations of the charter or ordinances designated in the charter or ordinance as a blight violation. The bureau may accept admissions of responsibility for blight violations. Pursuant to a schedule of civil fines and costs, the bureau may collect civil fines and costs for blight violations.

(2) The expense of operating an administrative hearings bureau is borne by the city establishing the bureau.

(3) An administrative hearings bureau does not have jurisdiction over criminal offenses, traffic civil infractions, municipal civil infractions, or state civil infractions. The bureau and its hearing officers do not have the authority to impose a penalty of incarceration and may not impose a civil fine in excess of $10,000.00. This section does not authorize a proceeding against a foreclosing governmental unit as that term is defined under section 78 of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211.78, or an authority created under the land bank fast track act, 2003 PA 258, MCL 124.751 to 124.774. The city may waive a fine for a blight violation at an owner-occupied dwelling for a first time offender of a blight ordinance, if the offender has corrected the circumstances for the violation.

(4) A city that establishes an administrative hearings bureau under this section shall establish by ordinance the jurisdiction of the bureau for adjudicating alleged blight violations, making determinations of responsibility, and imposing sanctions upon those found responsible for a violation. The city may designate only a violation of any of the following types of ordinances as a blight violation:

(a) Zoning.

(b) Building or property maintenance.

(c) Solid waste and illegal dumping.

(d) Disease and sanitation.

(e) Noxious weeds.

(f) Vehicle abandonment, inoperative vehicles, vehicle impoundment, and municipal vehicle licensing.

(g) Right-of-way signage. For purposes of this subdivision, right-of-way signage violation means the placement of signage in a right-of-way without a proper permit from the city.

(h) An ordinance that is substantially the same as sections 138 to 142 of the housing law of Michigan, 1917 PA 167, MCL 125.538 to 125.542.

(5) To initiate a proceeding for a blight violation, the city shall issue and serve upon an alleged violator a written violation notice on which an authorized local official records the occurrence or existence of 1 or more blight violations by the person cited and that directs the named person to pay a civil fine for the violation or appear at the administrative hearings bureau as provided in this section. A violation notice to appear at an administrative hearings bureau must be treated as made under oath if the violation alleged in the notice occurred in the presence of the authorized local official signing the violation notice and if the notice contains the following statement immediately above the date and signature of the official: "I declare under the penalties of perjury that the statements above are true to the best of my information, knowledge, and belief.". An authorized local official may issue a violation notice to appear if, based upon investigation, the official has reasonable cause to believe that the person is responsible for a blight violation and if the city attorney or an assistant city attorney approves in writing issuing the violation notice.

(6) If a city has a rental inspection program with which a landlord must register to rent premises for residential purposes and if a landlord of premises rented in the city for residential purposes is registered with the city's rental inspection program, the city shall not issue a blight violation notice during an inspection of the premises unless either of the following occurs:

(a) The landlord is given a written correction notice of the violation and a reasonable opportunity to correct the circumstances before a reinspection of the premises or a date specified in the notice.

(b) The violation is a direct result of the landlord's action or inaction and creates an emergency that presents an immediate risk of harm to people or damage to property including, but not limited to, a flooded basement or premises without heat.

(7) A city that does not have a rental inspection program, or does not require a landlord to register as part of a rental inspection program, shall not issue a blight violation notice to a landlord of premises rented in the city for residential purposes during an inspection of the premises unless either of the following occurs:

(a) The landlord is given a written correction notice of the violation and a reasonable opportunity to correct the circumstances before a reinspection of the premises or a date specified in the notice.

(b) The violation is a direct result of the landlord's action or inaction and creates an emergency that presents an immediate risk of harm to people or damage to property, including, but not limited to, a flooded basement or premises without heat.

(8) The person named in the violation notice shall appear on or before the time specified in the violation notice and may respond to the allegations in the notice, as follows:

(a) If the alleged violator wishes to admit responsibility for the blight violation, the person may do so by appearing in person, by representation, or by mail. If appearance is made by representation or mail, the administrative hearings bureau may accept the admission as though the person personally appeared. Upon acceptance of the admission, a hearing officer may order any of the sanctions permitted under this section.

(b) If the alleged violator wishes to deny responsibility for the blight violation, or admit responsibility with an explanation, the person may do so by appearing in person on the date scheduled for the administrative hearing for the purpose of adjudicating the alleged violation.

(c) If the alleged violator fails to appear, a decision and order of default may be entered.

(9) If an admission of responsibility is not made and the civil fine and costs, if any, prescribed by charter or ordinance for the violation are not paid at the administrative hearings bureau, and the alleged violator fails to appear at a hearing scheduled in accordance with this section, a final decision and order of responsibility in the amount of the prescribed civil fine and costs may be issued by the administrative hearings bureau.

(10) The city establishing an administrative hearings bureau shall establish rules and procedures for an alleged violator to set aside the entry of a decision and order of default.

(11) The ordinance establishing the bureau must provide for adjudicatory hearings by hearing officers. Each hearing officer must be an attorney licensed to practice law in this state for at least 5 years. Hearing officers must be appointed in a manner consistent with the charter of the city for the appointment of other municipal officers or employees and must only be removed for reasonable cause. Before conducting administrative adjudication proceedings, administrative hearing officers must successfully complete a formal training program which includes all of the following:

(a) Instruction on the rules of procedure of the administrative hearings that they will conduct.

(b) Orientation to each subject area of the ordinance violations that they will adjudicate.

(c) Observation of administrative hearings.

(d) Participation in hypothetical cases, including ruling on evidence and issuing final orders.

(e) The importance of impartiality in the conduct of the administrative hearing and adjudication of the violation.

(f) Instructions on the preparation of a record that is adequate for judicial review.

(12) The authority and duties of a hearing officer include all of the following:

(a) Hearing testimony and accepting evidence that is relevant to the existence of the blight violation.

(b) Issuing subpoenas directing witnesses to appear and give relevant testimony at the hearing, upon request of a party or a party's attorney.

(c) Preserving and authenticating the record of the hearing and all exhibits and evidence introduced at the hearing.

(d) Issuing a determination, based upon the evidence presented at the hearing, whether a blight violation exists. The determination must be in writing and must include written findings of fact, a decision, and an order. The city has the burden of establishing the responsibility of the alleged violator by a preponderance of the evidence. Unless the burden is met, the matter must be dismissed. A decision and an order must not be made except upon consideration of the record as a whole or a portion of the record as may be cited by any party to the proceeding and as supported by and in accordance with the competent, material, and substantial evidence. A decision and order finding the alleged violator responsible for the violation must include the civil fine, if any, or any action with which the violator must comply, or both.

(e) Imposing reasonable and proportionate sanctions consistent with applicable ordinance provisions and assessing costs upon a finding that the alleged violator is responsible for the alleged violation. The maximum monetary civil fine allowed under this section excludes costs of enforcement or costs imposed to secure compliance with the city's ordinances and is not applicable to enforce the collection of any tax imposed and collected by the city.

(13) In addition to fines and costs imposed under subsection (12), the hearing officer shall impose a justice system assessment of $10.00 for each blight violation determination. Upon payment of the assessment, the city shall transmit the assessment collected to the state treasury to be deposited into the justice system fund created in section 181 of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600.181.

(14) A party must be provided with the opportunity for a hearing during which the party may be represented by counsel, present witnesses, and cross-examine witnesses. A party may request the hearing officer to issue subpoenas to direct the attendance and testimony of relevant witnesses and the production of relevant documents. Hearings must be scheduled with reasonable promptness, except that for hearings scheduled in all nonemergency situations the alleged violator if the alleged violator requests must have at least 14 days after service of process to prepare for the hearing. For purposes of this subsection, "nonemergency situation" means any situation that does not reasonably constitute a threat to the public interest, safety, or welfare. If service is provided by first-class mail, the 14-day period begins to run on the day that the notice is deposited in the mail.

(15) In an administrative hearing under this section, the rules of evidence as applied in a nonjury civil case in circuit court must be followed as far as practicable, but the hearing officer may admit and give probative effect to evidence of a type commonly relied upon by reasonably prudent persons in the conduct of their affairs. Irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence may be excluded. Effect must be given to the rules of privilege recognized by law. Objections to offers of evidence may be made and must be noted in the record. Subject to these requirements, the hearing officer, for the purpose of expediting hearings and when the interests of the parties will not be substantially prejudiced, may provide in an administrative hearing or by rule for submission of all or part of the evidence in written form.

(16) Any final decision by a hearing officer that a blight violation does or does not exist constitutes a final decision and order for purposes of judicial review and may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(17) A party may file an appeal within 28 days after entry of the decision and order by the hearing officer. An appeal of a final decision and order of an administrative hearing officer is to the circuit court.

(18) An alleged violator who appeals a final decision and order to circuit court shall post with the administrative hearings bureau, at the time the appeal is taken, a bond equal to the fine and costs imposed. A party who has paid the fine and costs is not required to post a bond. If a party who has posted a bond fails to comply with the requirements of supreme court rules for an appeal to the circuit court, the appeal may be considered abandoned, and the bureau may dismiss the appeal on 7 days' notice to the parties. The administrative hearings bureau shall promptly notify the circuit court of a dismissal, and the circuit court shall dismiss the claim of appeal. If the appeal is dismissed or the decision and order are affirmed, the administrative hearings bureau may apply the bond to the fine and costs. An appeal by the city must be asserted by the city's attorney and a bond is not required.

(19) An appeal to circuit court must be a review by the court of the certified record provided by the administrative hearings bureau. Pending appeal, and subject to the bond requirement under subsection (18), the hearing officer may stay the order and any sanctions or costs imposed. Once an appeal is filed, and subject to the bond requirement under subsection (18), the court may stay the order and any sanctions or costs imposed. The court, as appropriate, may affirm, reverse, or modify the decision or order, or remand the matter for further proceedings. The court shall hold unlawful and set aside a decision or order of the hearing officer if substantial rights of an alleged violator have been prejudiced because the decision or order is any of the following:

(a) In violation of the constitution or a statute, charter, or ordinance.

(b) In excess of the authority or jurisdiction of the agency as conferred by statute, charter, or ordinance.

(c) Made upon unlawful procedure resulting in material prejudice to a party.

(d) Not supported by competent, material, and substantial evidence on the whole record.

(e) Arbitrary, capricious, or clearly an abuse or unwarranted exercise of discretion.

(f) Affected by other substantial and material error of law.

(20) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (21) or (22), if the civil fine and costs imposed against a person under this section are $1,000.00 or more and the person does not pay the civil fine and costs imposed within 30 days after a final decision and order of the hearing officer or of the circuit court under this section, the person is subject to the following:

(a) For a first violation, the person is responsible for a state civil infraction and may be ordered to pay a civil fine of not more than $500.00.

(b) For a second violation, the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 93 days or a fine of not more than $500.00, or both.

(c) For a third or subsequent violation, the person is guilty of a misdemeanor and may be imprisoned for not more than 1 year and shall be fined $500.00.

(21) Subsections (20) and (25) do not apply to any of the following that becomes the owner of a property after foreclosure or after taking a deed in lieu of foreclosure:

(a) A government-sponsored enterprise. As used in this subdivision, "government-sponsored enterprise" means that term as defined in 2 USC 622(8), or the Michigan state housing development authority created under the state housing development authority act of 1966, 1966 PA 346, MCL 125.1401 to 125.1499c.

(b) A financial institution. As used in this subdivision, "financial institution" means that term as defined in section 4(c) of the Michigan strategic fund act, 1984 PA 270, MCL 125.2004.

(c) A mortgage servicer, as that term is defined in section 1a of the mortgage brokers, lenders, and servicers licensing act, 1987 PA 173, MCL 445.1651a, that is subject to the mortgage brokers, lenders, and servicers licensing act, 1987 PA 173, MCL 445.1651 to 445.1684.

(d) A credit union service organization that is organized under the laws of this state or the United States.

(22) Subsections (20) and (25) do not apply to the owner of a property if, at the time the civil fine and costs are imposed against the owner, the owner had filed a principal residence exemption affidavit as provided under section 7cc of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211.7cc, certifying that the property is owned and occupied as a principal residence by that owner.

(23) An entity described in subsection (21) that becomes the owner of a property after foreclosure or after taking a deed in lieu of foreclosure shall adhere to all ordinances relating to vacant property or blight violations adopted by the city that established an administrative hearings bureau under this section.

(24) As used in subsections (20) and (25), "person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, or other legal entity. Person includes the partners or members of a firm, a partnership, or an association and the officers of a corporation.

(25) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (21) or (22), if a hearing officer or circuit court grants a final decision and order under this section finding a person in violation of a blight ordinance under subsection (4) and the person fails to correct the violation no later than 30 days after the final decision and order is granted, the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 90 days, a fine of not more than $500.00, or both.

History: Add. 2003, Act 316, Imd. Eff. Jan. 12, 2004; Am. 2008, Act 51, Imd. Eff. Mar. 28, 2008; Am. 2013, Act 188, Eff. Mar. 14, 2014; Am. 2024, Act 83, Eff. Apr. 2, 2025