FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mich. Comp. Laws § 257.648 — MI Code / Chapter 257 / Act Act-300-of-1949 / Section 257.648
Operation of vehicle or bicycle; signals for stopping or turning; signal lamp or mechanical signal device on commercial motor vehicle; violation as civil infraction.
Status: in_force

Sec. 648.

(1) The operator of a vehicle or bicycle upon a highway, before stopping or turning from a direct line, shall first determine that the stopping or turning can be made in safety and shall give a signal as required in this section.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a signal required under this section shall be given either by means of the hand and arm in the manner specified in this section, or by a mechanical or electrical signal device that conveys an intelligible signal or warning to other highway traffic.

(3) When a person is operating a vehicle and signal is given by means of the hand and arm, the operator shall signal as follows:

(a) For a left turn, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm horizontally.

(b) For a right turn, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm upward.

(c) To stop or decrease speed, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm downward.

(4) When a person is operating a bicycle and signal is given by means of the hand and arm, the operator shall signal as follows:

(a) For a left turn, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm horizontally.

(b) For a right turn, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm upward or shall extend his or her right hand and arm horizontally.

(c) To stop or decrease speed, the operator shall extend his or her left hand and arm downward.

(5) A commercial motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle in transit from a manufacturer to a dealer, in use on a highway shall be equipped with, and required signal shall be given by, a signal lamp or mechanical signal device when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab, or load of the commercial motor vehicle exceeds 24 inches, or when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load of the commercial vehicle exceeds 14 feet. The measurement from steering post to rear limit applies to a single vehicle or combination of vehicles.

(6) A person who violates this section is responsible for a civil infraction.

History: 1949, Act 300, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949; Am. 1954, Act 181, Eff. Aug. 13, 1954; Am. 1958, Act 166, Eff. Sept. 13, 1958; Am. 1974, Act 334, Imd. Eff. Dec. 17, 1974; Am. 1978, Act 510, Eff. Aug. 1, 1979; Am. 2014, Act 1, Imd. Eff. Jan. 28, 2014
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.12534 — MI Code / Chapter 333 / Act Act-368-of-1978 / Section 333.12534
Action for injunction or other process.
Status: in_force

Sec. 12534.

Notwithstanding the existence and pursuit of any other remedy, the department, its agent or representative, or a representative of a designated local health department may maintain an action in the name of the state for injunction or other process against a person to restrain or prevent the construction or modification of a public swimming pool without a construction permit, or the operation of a public swimming pool without an operation permit, or in a manner contrary to law.

History: 1978, Act 368, Eff. Sept. 30, 1978
Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.4439 — MI Code / Chapter 500 / Act Act-218-of-1956 / Section 500.4439
Insurance under group policy; assignment of rights, effect.
Status: in_force

Sec. 4439.

A person whose life is insured under a group insurance policy may, subject and pursuant to the terms of the policy, or pursuant to an arrangement between the insured, the employer and the company, assign (other than to the employer) all or any part of his incidents of ownership, rights, title and interests, both present and future, under such policy including specifically, but not by way of limitation, the right to designate and redesignate a beneficiary or beneficiaries thereunder, the right to make any requisite contributions to maintain the insurance in force, and the right to have an individual policy issued to him in case of termination of employment. Such an assignment by the insured, made either before or after the effective date hereof, is valid for the purpose of vesting in the assignee, in accordance with any provisions included therein as to the time at which it is to be effective, all of such incidents of ownership, rights, title and interests so assigned, but without prejudice to the company on account of any payment it may make or individual policy it may issue prior to receipt of notice of the assignment. This section is not intended to alter the law of this state but is intended only to confirm in express statutory form the law as it exists presently.

History: Add. 1969, Act 330, Imd. Eff. Oct. 27, 1969; Am. 1970, Act 158, Imd. Eff. Aug. 2, 1970
Mich. Comp. Laws § 123.301 — MI Code / Chapter 123 / Act Act-179-of-1947 / Section 123.301
Garbage and rubbish disposal and dog pound authority; incorporation by municipality.
Status: in_force

Sec. 1.

Any 2 or more cities, villages or townships, hereinafter referred to as "municipalities", or any combination thereof, may incorporate an authority for the purpose of the collection or disposal, or both, of garbage or rubbish, or both, and for the establishment and operation of a dog pound, by the adoption of articles of incorporation, by the legislative body of each such municipality. The fact of such adoption shall be endorsed on such articles of incorporation by the mayor and clerk of the city, the president and clerk of the village, or the supervisor and clerk of the township, as the case may be, in form substantially as follows:

"The foregoing articles of incorporation were adopted by the ....................... of the ................................. of ................................., ........................... county, Michigan, at a meeting duly held on the .................. day of ................................., 19.... of said .................. Clerk of said ....................."

The authority shall be comprised of the territory within such incorporating municipalities. The articles of incorporation shall be published at least once in a newspaper designated in said articles and circulating within the authority. One printed copy of such articles of incorporation certified as a true copy by the person or persons designated therefor, with the date and place of such publication, shall be filed with each the secretary of state and the clerk of the county within which such authority or the major portion thereof is located. Such authority shall become effective at the time provided in said articles of incorporation. The validity of such incorporation shall be conclusively presumed unless questioned in a court of competent jurisdiction within 60 days after the filing of such certified copies with the secretary of state and the county clerk.

History: 1947, Act 179, Eff. Oct. 11, 1947; CL 1948, 123.301; Am. 1955, Act 92, Imd. Eff. June 2, 1955
Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.2925b — MI Code / Chapter 600 / Act Act-236-of-1961 / Section 600.2925b
Determining pro rata shares of tortfeasors.
Status: in_force

Sec. 2925b.

Except as otherwise provided by law, in determining the pro rata shares of tortfeasors in the entire liability as between themselves only and without affecting the rights of the injured party to a joint and several judgment:

Their relative degrees of fault shall be considered.

If equity requires, the collective liability of some as a group shall constitute a single share.

Principles of equity applicable to contribution generally shall apply.

History: Add. 1974, Act 318, Imd. Eff. Dec. 15, 1974; Am. 1982, Act 147, Imd. Eff. Apr. 28, 1982; Am. 1986, Act 178, Eff. Oct. 1, 1986
Mich. Comp. Laws § 259.86 — MI Code / Chapter 259 / Act Act-327-of-1945 / Section 259.86
Airport manager; license; fee; expiration; approval of aeronautical facilities; license of approval; requirements; fee in lieu of real property taxes; temporary field permits; statement describing approach clear zones and transitional surface areas.
Status: in_force

Sec. 86.

Any individual appointed as an airport manager by the owner of a licensed aeronautical facility, before operating as an airport manager, shall be licensed by the department for which the department may make a reasonable charge not to exceed $5.00. An airport manager license expires on December 31, annually.

All airports, landing fields, and other aeronautical facilities, except those owned or operated by the United States government, before operating as such, shall be approved by the department.

The department shall issue annually a license of approval in each case and charge an annual fee not in excess of $100.00. The fee shall be in lieu of all real property taxes on the landing area and improvements to the landing area to the extent permitted by section 7y of the general property tax act, 1893 PA 206, MCL 211.7y.

Commercial operations shall not be performed on any land based landing area other than at a licensed aeronautical facility except that temporary field permits may be issued under this section. All commercial operations shall be based out of a licensed aeronautical facility.

If the owner of an aircraft uses, or proposes to use, an area of land for temporary commercial landing areas, he or she shall apply to the commission for a temporary field permit on forms furnished by the commission.

The annual license of approval issued pursuant to subsection (2) shall include a statement, certified by the director, describing the approach clear zones and transitional surface areas for the airport for which the license is applicable. Standards for describing approach clear zones and transitional surface areas shall be uniform according to type of runway and shall conform with regularly accepted definitions and usage in the aeronautics field.

History: 1945, Act 327, Imd. Eff. May 28, 1945; CL 1948, 259.86; Am. 1962, Act 193, Eff. Mar. 28, 1963; Am. 1969, Act 288, Imd. Eff. Aug. 11, 1969; Am. 1982, Act 466, Imd. Eff. Dec. 30, 1982; Am. 1996, Act 370, Imd. Eff. July 3, 1996; Am. 2002, Act 35, Eff. May 15, 2002
Mich. Comp. Laws § 324.63504 — MI Code / Chapter 324 / Act Act-451-of-1994 / Section 324.63504
Assumption by state of exclusive jurisdiction over regulation of surface coal mining and reclamation operations in state; purpose of part.
Status: in_force

Sec. 63504.

Pursuant to the authority granted in section 503 of title V of the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977, Public Law 95-87, 30 U.S.C. 1253, that allows a state to assume and retain exclusive jurisdiction over the regulation of surface coal mining and reclamation operations within that state by obtaining approval of a state program that has the capability of implementing and enforcing the provisions and purposes of the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977, this state wishes to assume exclusive jurisdiction over the regulation of surface coal mining and reclamation operations in this state. It is the purpose of this part to provide a state plan to implement and enforce the purposes provided in section 102 of title I of the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977, Public Law 95-87, 30 U.S.C. 1202.

History: Add. 1995, Act 57, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1995
Mich. Comp. Laws § 211.30a — MI Code / Chapter 211 / Act Act-206-of-1893 / Section 211.30a
Township board of review; completion of review, date.
Status: in_force

Sec. 30a.

In the year 1950 and thereafter the review of assessments by boards of review in all cities and townships shall be completed on or before the first Monday in April, any provisions of the charter of any city or township to the contrary notwithstanding: Provided, That the legislative body of any city or township, in order to comply with the provisions hereof, may, by ordinance, fix the period or periods for preparing the budget and for making, completing and reviewing the assessment roll, any provisions of the charter of such city or township or any law to the contrary notwithstanding.

History: Add. 1949, Act 285, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949
Mich. Comp. Laws § 12.284 — MI Code / Chapter 12 / Act Act-267-of-2011 / Section 12.284
Additional powers.
Status: in_force

Sec. 14.

In addition to any other powers conferred upon the authority by law, when exercising its powers under this act the authority shall have all of the following powers:

(a) To solicit and accept gifts, grants, and loans from any person.

(b) To invest any money of the authority at the authority's discretion, in any obligations determined proper by the authority, and name and use depositories for its money.

(c) To procure insurance against any loss in connection with the property, assets, or activities of the authority.

(d) To sue and be sued, to have a seal, and to make, execute, and deliver contracts, conveyances, and other instruments necessary to the exercise of the authority's powers.

(e) To make and amend bylaws.

(f) To employ and contract with individuals necessary for the operation of the authority.

(g) To make and execute contracts including without limitation, trust agreements, trust indentures, bond purchase agreements, tax regulatory agreements, continuing disclosure agreements, ancillary facilities, and all other instruments necessary or convenient for the exercise of its powers and functions, and to commence any action to protect or enforce any right conferred upon it by any law, contract, or other agreement.

(h) To engage the services of financial advisors and experts, legal counsel, placement agents, underwriters, appraisers, and other advisors, consultants, and fiduciaries, as is necessary to effectuate the purposes of this act.

(i) To pay its operating expenses and financing costs.

(j) To pledge revenues or other assets as security for the payment of the principal of and interest on any bonds and for its obligations under any ancillary facility.

(k) To procure insurance, letters of credit, or other credit enhancement with respect to any bonds for the payment of tenders of bonds, or for the payment upon maturity of short-term bonds.

( l ) To enter into any ancillary facility with any person under the terms and conditions at the authority's discretion and to provide insurance, letters of credit, or other credit enhancement with respect to any ancillary facility.

(m) To modify, amend, replace an existing, or enter into a new, ancillary facility.

(n) To tender for, redeem, or defease bonds.

(o) To do any and all things necessary or convenient to carry out its purposes and exercise the powers expressly given and granted in this act.

History: 2011, Act 267, Imd. Eff. Dec. 19, 2011
Mich. Comp. Laws § Article VII § 28 — MI Code / Chapter 1 / Act CONSTITUTION-OF-MICHIGAN-OF-1963 / Section Article VII § 28
Governmental functions and powers; joint administration, costs and credits, transfers.
Status: in_force

Sec. 28.

The legislature by general law shall authorize two or more counties, townships, cities, villages or districts, or any combination thereof among other things to: enter into contractual undertakings or agreements with one another or with the state or with any combination thereof for the joint administration of any of the functions or powers which each would have the power to perform separately; share the costs and responsibilities of functions and services with one another or with the state or with any combination thereof which each would have the power to perform separately; transfer functions or responsibilities to one another or any combination thereof upon the consent of each unit involved; cooperate with one another and with state government; lend their credit to one another or any combination thereof as provided by law in connection with any authorized publicly owned undertaking.

Any other provision of this constitution notwithstanding, an officer or employee of the state or any such unit of government or subdivision or agency thereof, except members of the legislature, may serve on or with any governmental body established for the purposes set forth in this section and shall not be required to relinquish his office or employment by reason of such service.

History: Const. 1963, Art. VII, § 28, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964
Mich. Comp. Laws § 207.231 — MI Code / Chapter 207 / Act Act-119-of-1980 / Section 207.231
Enforcement of act.
Status: in_force

Sec. 21.

The commissioner or the commissioner's designated representative shall enforce the requirements of this act. In addition, the department of state police shall assist the department in the enforcement of the requirements of this act.

History: 1980, Act 119, Imd. Eff. May 14, 1980; Am. 1996, Act 584, Eff. Mar. 31, 1997
Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.3953 — MI Code / Chapter 700 / Act Act-386-of-1998 / Section 700.3953
Formal proceedings terminating testate administration; order construing will without adjudicating testacy.
Status: in_force

Sec. 3953.

A personal representative administering an estate under an informally probated will or a devisee under an informally probated will may petition for a settlement order for the estate that does not adjudicate the decedent's testacy status. The personal representative may petition at any time, and a devisee may petition after 1 year after the original personal representative's appointment. However, the court shall not accept a petition under this section until the time expires for presenting a claim that arises before the decedent's death.

A petition under this section may request the court to consider the final account, to compel or approve an accounting and distribution, to construe the will, or to adjudicate the estate's final settlement and distribution. After notice to all devisees and the personal representative and a hearing, the court may enter appropriate orders, on appropriate conditions, determining the persons entitled to distribution of the estate under the will, and, as circumstances require, approving settlement, directing or approving estate distribution, and discharging the personal representative from further claim or demand of a devisee who is a party to the proceeding and those the devisee represents. If it appears that a part of the estate is intestate, the proceedings shall be dismissed or amendments made to meet the provisions of section 3952.

History: 1998, Act 386, Eff. Apr. 1, 2000
Mich. Comp. Laws § 168.601 — MI Code / Chapter 168 / Act Act-116-of-1954 / Section 168.601
County comprising single congressional or judicial district; county committee.
Status: in_force

Sec. 601.

In a county comprising a single representative, senatorial or judicial district, the county committee of each political party of each such county shall constitute the representative, senatorial or judicial committee of said political party for such representative, senatorial or judicial district, as the case may be.

History: 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955
Mich. Comp. Laws § 445.617 — MI Code / Chapter 445 / Act Act-155-of-1981 / Section 445.617
Effective date.
Status: in_force

Sec. 7.

This act shall take effect January 1, 1982.

History: 1981, Act 155, Eff. Jan. 1, 1982
Mich. Comp. Laws § 224.30 — MI Code / Chapter 220 / Act Act-283-of-1909 / Section 224.30
Statutory violations; institution of proceedings.
Status: in_force

Sec. 30.

If an audit or investigation conducted under this act discloses statutory violations on the part of an officer, employee, or board of a county road commission, a copy of the report shall be filed with the attorney general who shall review the report and cause to be instituted a proceeding against the officer, employee, or board as the attorney general deems necessary.

The attorney general, within 60 days after receipt of the report, may institute criminal proceedings as he deems necessary against the officer or employee, or direct that the criminal proceedings be instituted by the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the offense was committed.

The attorney general or the prosecuting attorney shall institute civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction for the recovery of public moneys disclosed by an examination to have been illegally expended or collected and not accounted for and for the recovery of public property disclosed to have been converted and misappropriated.

History: Add. 1975, Act 199, Imd. Eff. Aug. 14, 1975
Mich. Comp. Laws § 124.260 — MI Code / Chapter 124 / Act Act-196-of-1952 / Section 124.260
Water supply system; water service, determination.
Status: in_force

Sec. 10.

Within the scope of the definition contained in section 1 of this act, any authority shall have the right to determine what shall constitute its water supply system and the functions thereof, and may determine that its water services shall be furnished to public corporations and/or private consumers.

The authority may also furnish water direct to any city water supply district as defined in section 3 of Act No. 107 of the Public Acts of 1941, as now amended, or to any similar independently financed and operated supply system in a prescribed water supply district. If the territory within such a water supply district shall become incorporated as a city, then any contract for supplying water by the authority to such district, shall remain in full force and effect during the life of such contract and shall be carried out by the authority and such city.

History: 1952, Act 196, Imd. Eff. Apr. 29, 1952
Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.6434 — MI Code / Chapter 500 / Act Act-218-of-1956 / Section 500.6434
Contingency reserve; deposit.
Status: in_force

Sec. 6434.

Every domestic insurer subject to this chapter shall maintain a contingency reserve at all times at least equal to 1/10 of the total premium income for the preceding calendar year but not less than $5,000.00 for each kind of insurance enumerated in section 6406 which the insurer undertakes to issue and shall maintain a deposit with the state treasurer, of the kind and amount and for the purposes specified in section 411.

History: 1956, Act 218, Eff. Jan. 1, 1957; Am. 1972, Act 360, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 1973