FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mich. Comp. Laws § 450.1823 — MI Code / Chapter 450 / Act Act-284-of-1972 / Section 450.1823
Action by director or shareholder for dissolution; judgment; proof.
Status: in_force

Sec. 823.

A corporation may be dissolved by a judgment entered in an action brought in the circuit court of the county in which the principal place of business or registered office of the corporation is located by 1 or more directors or by 1 or more shareholders entitled to vote in an election of directors of the corporation, upon proof of both of the following:

(a) The directors of the corporation, or its shareholders if an agreement among the shareholders authorized by section 488 is in effect, are unable to agree by the requisite vote on material matters respecting management of the corporation's affairs, or the shareholders of the corporation are so divided in voting power that they have failed to elect successors to any director whose term has expired or would have expired upon the election and qualification of his or her successor.

(b) As a result of a condition stated in subdivision (a), the corporation is unable to function effectively in the best interests of its creditors and shareholders.

History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973; Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989; Am. 2006, Act 63, Imd. Eff. Mar. 20, 2006
Mich. Comp. Laws § 390.354 — MI Code / Chapter 390 / Act Act-70-of-1885 / Section 390.354
Board of control; securing of buildings and equipment; faculty, appointment, discharge.
Status: in_force

Sec. 4.

As soon as the means in its hands will permit, without incurring indebtedness, said board shall proceed to obtain a suitable location, and lease or erect such buildings, and procure such furniture, apparatus, library, and implements, as may be necessary for the successful operation of said school, and to appoint a principal, and such other teachers and assistants as the board may deem expedient, with salaries, to be paid from time to time, as it may agree, and to regulate their duties; but no agreement shall be valid whereby such board shall be prevented from discharging any one in their employ upon 2 months previous notice.

History: 1885, Act 70, Imd. Eff. May 1, 1885; How. 5025d; CL 1897, 1887; CL 1915, 1302; CL 1929, 7924; CL 1948, 390.354
Mich. Comp. Laws § 211.107a — MI Code / Chapter 211 / Act Act-206-of-1893 / Section 211.107a
Authority of city to increase rate of taxation; referendum; maximum; reduction; limitation.
Status: in_force

Sec. 107a.

No city shall have power to increase the rate of taxation now fixed by law, unless the authority to do so shall be given by a majority of the electors of said city voting at the election at which said proposition shall be submitted, but the increase in any case shall not be such as to cause such rate to exceed 2 per centum of the assessed value of the real and personal property in such city: Provided, That no tax rate of any city shall be fixed which will reduce the combined taxing power of county, state, school district, metropolitan district, and port district, or any combination of these units, over any parcel of property, below 15 mills per dollar of assessed valuation, except as provided in section 11(b) of Act No. 62 of the Public Acts of 1933, as amended.

History: Add. 1949, Act 317, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949
Mich. Comp. Laws § 41.271 — MI Code / Chapter 41 / Act Act-246-of-1931 / Section 41.271
Pavements or sidewalks; application by petition; eligibility of signers, certificate of tax status; authority of county road commissioners; highway or public highway, definition.
Status: in_force

Sec. 1.

Whenever the owners of more than 51% of the lineal frontage of lands outside of the corporate limits of any city or village fronting or touching upon any public highway or portion thereof, desire a pavement or sidewalks built thereon, they may file an application for such improvement with the county road commissioners of the county in which such pavement or sidewalk is proposed to be built. No application for the paving of any highway, or portion thereof, shall be considered unless at least 75% of the lands fronting thereon have been subdivided into parcels having a frontage of not more than 300 feet each on such highway or there shall be an average of at least 1 building, including buildings under construction, located along the portion of such highway proposed to be paved for every 300 lineal feet thereof, according to a survey thereof to be made by the commissioners. The eligibility of signers to any application hereby authorized may be determined by their interest of record in the office of the register of deeds or in the probate court of the county in which such lands are situated at the time the petition is presented or by other satisfactory proof of interest presented to the commissioners. Such petition shall be accompanied by a description of the land fronting or touching on the highway owned by each signer and by a certificate of the county treasurer, showing the taxes or special assessments, if any, against such lands which appear delinquent on his books; no name of any signer on the petition shall be considered valid whose land fronting or touching on the highways shows delinquent assessments or taxes on such certificate. Any petition so received by the commissioners or presented to them under the provisions of this act, shall be deemed to confer full authority to cause such work to be done in order that the proper proportion of the expense thereof may be met accordingly. The commissioners shall have all the power of laying out and establishing all such pavements or sidewalks. The words "highway" or "public highway" as used in this act mean any road, street or alley taken over by and under the jurisdiction of the board of county road commissioners.

History: 1931, Act 246, Eff. Sept. 18, 1931; Am. 1945, Act 141, Eff. Sept. 6, 1945; CL 1948, 41.271; Am. 1951, Act 73, Imd. Eff. May 28, 1951; Am. 1960, Act 47, Imd. Eff. Apr. 19, 1960; Am. 1967, Act 42, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1967
Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.8208 — MI Code / Chapter 440 / Act Act-174-of-1962 / Section 440.8208
Warranty of person signing security certificate.
Status: in_force

Sec. 8208.

A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, warrants to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of the particular defect, that:

The certificate is genuine.

The person's own participation in the issue of the security is within the person's capacity and within the scope of the authority received by the person from the issuer.

The person has reasonable grounds to believe that the certificated security is in the form and within the amount the issuer is authorized to issue.

Unless otherwise agreed, a person signing under subsection (1) does not assume responsibility for the validity of the security in other respects.

History: 1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964; Am. 1964, Act 250, Eff. Aug. 28, 1964; Am. 1987, Act 16, Imd. Eff. Apr. 24, 1987; Am. 1998, Act 278, Imd. Eff. July 27, 1998
Mich. Comp. Laws § 3.825 — MI Code / Chapter 3 / Act Act-26-of-1987 / Section 3.825
Purchase of underground stratified fee rights; price; option agreements; limitation.
Status: in_force

Sec. 15.

The commission shall purchase underground stratified fee rights necessary for the construction or operation of the superconducting super collider at a minimum price of $5.00 per 70,000 cubic feet, or at a higher appraised value determined by the commission.

The commission shall offer to enter into option agreements and pay property owners option payments on underground stratified fee rights under subsection (1) at a price of $1.00 per 70,000 cubic feet, if the option agreement is signed by the property owner within 60 days of the offer. The option payment shall not be applied against the purchase price of the rights acquired under this section if the option is exercised. The terms of an option purchased under this section shall include the same provisions for termination of the option as specified in section 12(3). If Michigan is chosen as the site of the superconducting super collider, the commission shall offer option payments by no later than April 1, 1990 to property owners for rights to be acquired under this subsection.

History: Add. 1988, Act 274, Imd. Eff. July 15, 1988
Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.3409 — MI Code / Chapter 700 / Act Act-386-of-1998 / Section 700.3409
Formal testacy proceedings; order; foreign will.
Status: in_force

Sec. 3409.

After the time expires for any required notice, upon proof of notice and after a hearing, if necessary, if the court finds that the testator is dead and that venue is proper, the court shall determine the decedent's domicile at death, the decedent's heirs, and the decedent's state of testacy. The petition shall be dismissed or appropriate amendment allowed if the court is not satisfied that the alleged decedent is dead.

A will found to be valid and unrevoked shall be formally probated. Termination of a previous informal appointment of a personal representative, which may be appropriate in view of the relief requested and findings, is governed by section 3612. A will from a place that does not provide for probate of a will after death may be proved for probate in this state by a duly authenticated certificate of its legal custodian that the copy introduced is a true copy and that the will is effective under the law of the other place.

History: 1998, Act 386, Eff. Apr. 1, 2000
Mich. Comp. Laws § 38.1341a — MI Code / Chapter 38 / Act Act-300-of-1980 / Section 38.1341a
Separate contribution rate; unfunded accrued liability; "university reporting unit" defined.
Status: in_force

Sec. 41a.

(1) For fiscal years that begin after March 27, 1996, the retirement system shall determine a separate contribution rate for a university reporting unit. Subject to this subsection, the retirement system shall determine the separate contribution rate in the manner prescribed in section 41, except that the unfunded actuarial accrued liability must be amortized over 40 years beginning October 1, 1996 and ending on September 30, 2036, with the payment schedule for universities being based on and applied to the combined payrolls of the universities' employees who are members and who were hired before January 1, 1996 and the universities' employees who would have been members after December 31, 1995, but for the enactment of 1995 PA 272. Beginning with the state fiscal year ending September 30, 2016 and for each subsequent fiscal year, the combined payrolls used for the payment schedule for the university reporting units must include each university reporting unit's combined payroll, as projected by the actuary based on the actuarial valuation for each following fiscal year, except that the combined payroll for each university reporting unit must not be less than the combined payroll projected for each subsequent fiscal year for each university reporting unit by the actuary based on the September 30, 2012 actuarial valuation. The amount of the unfunded accrued liability on which the separate contribution rate is determined must be that amount which a university reporting unit is legally responsible for and is calculated by actuarial analysis. Any reduction in the unfunded liability of the system under governmental action affecting the entire system will be allocated to all reporting units including universities as determined by the system's actuary. For the state fiscal year ending September 30, 2007, the contribution for unfunded actuarial accrued liability must be equal to 4.5% of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability.

(2) As used in this section, "university reporting unit" means a reporting unit that is a university listed in the definition of public school employee under section 6.

History: Add. 1995, Act 272, Eff. Mar. 28, 1996; Am. 1996, Act 488, Eff. Mar. 31, 1997; Am. 2007, Act 15, Imd. Eff. June 6, 2007; Am. 2012, Act 300, Imd. Eff. Sept. 4, 2012; Am. 2016, Act 136, Imd. Eff. May 26, 2016
Mich. Comp. Laws § 250.1019a — MI Code / Chapter 250 / Act Act-142-of-2001 / Section 250.1019a
"Chief Ed Switalski Memorial Highway."
Status: in_force

Sec. 19a.

The portion of highway I-94 in Kalamazoo County between exit 80 and mile marker 86 shall be known as the "Chief Ed Switalski Memorial Highway".

History: Add. 2018, Act 19, Eff. May 15, 2018
Mich. Comp. Laws § 168.799a — MI Code / Chapter 168 / Act Act-116-of-1954 / Section 168.799a
Recounting punched, marked, or stamped ballot; procedure; stray marks; releasing sealed materials.
Status: in_force

Sec. 799a.

This section governs the recounting of a ballot on which a voter has made a selection by means of a punch, mark, or stamp.

If the electronic voting system requires that the elector cast a vote by punching out a hole in a ballot, the vote shall not be considered valid unless the portion of the ballot designated as a voting position is completely removed or is hanging by 1 or 2 corners or the equivalent.

If the electronic voting system requires that the elector place a mark in a predefined area on the ballot in order to cast a vote, the vote shall not be considered valid unless there is a mark within the predefined area. A stray mark made within a predefined area is not a valid vote. In determining whether a mark within a predefined area is a stray mark, the board of canvassers or election official shall compare the mark subject to recount with other marks appearing on the ballot. The secretary of state shall issue instructions, subject to the approval of the board of state canvassers, relevant to stray marks to ensure the fairness and uniformity of determinations made under this subsection. A secretary of state's instruction relevant to stray marks shall not be applied to a ballot unless the secretary of state issued the instruction not less than 63 days before the date of the election.

Unless a petition for recount has been filed and the recount has not been completed, ballots, ballot labels, programs, test results, and other sealed materials may be released from their original seal after 7 days following the final determination of the board of canvassers with respect to the election at which the ballots were voted. However, the released materials shall be secured and preserved for the time period required by this act and the rules promulgated by the secretary of state.

History: Add. 1990, Act 109, Imd. Eff. June 18, 1990; Am. 1992, Act 8, Imd. Eff. Mar. 10, 1992; Am. 1997, Act 137, Imd. Eff. Nov. 17, 1997; Am. 2004, Act 92, Imd. Eff. Apr. 26, 2004
Mich. Comp. Laws § 380.1604 — MI Code / Chapter 380 / Act Act-451-of-1976 / Section 380.1604
Contract with district maintaining community college for attendance of other school district residents; qualifications, tuition, and transportation.
Status: in_force

Sec. 1604.

A board of a school district may contract with the board of another school district maintaining a community college or another community college board for the attendance of school district residents who possess the qualifications for enrollment in the college, pay the tuition in whole or in part of the students for periods of time and covering courses agreed upon by the contracting districts, and provide transportation to and from the college for residents enrolling in the college.

History: 1976, Act 451, Imd. Eff. Jan. 13, 1977
Mich. Comp. Laws § 168.509z — MI Code / Chapter 168 / Act Act-116-of-1954 / Section 168.509z
Notice to clerk of certain information.
Status: in_force

Sec. 509z.

The secretary of state shall notify each clerk of the following information regarding residents or former residents of the clerk's city or township:

Driver license or state personal identification card changes of address received by the secretary of state, and whether the person submitted an application for the new address.

The names and addresses in this state of persons who have been issued a driver license in another state.

Death notices received by the secretary of state.

History: Add. 1994, Act 441, Imd. Eff. Jan. 10, 1995
Mich. Comp. Laws § 380.1303a — MI Code / Chapter 380 / Act Act-451-of-1976 / Section 380.1303a
Prohibition on use of wireless communication devices on school grounds; policy; exemptions; posting on website; definitions.
Status: in_force

Sec. 1303a.

(1) Beginning in the 2026-2027 school year, the board of a school district or the board of directors of a public school academy shall implement a wireless communications device policy that prohibits students from using a wireless communications device on school grounds during instructional time.

(2) The board of a school district or the board of directors of a public school academy may implement additional restrictions regarding the use of wireless communications devices.

(3) A wireless communications device policy implemented under this section must provide details regarding enforcement mechanisms that the school will use to achieve the goals of the policy.

(4) A wireless communications device policy implemented under this section must provide exemptions for all of the following:

(a) Medically necessary devices.

(b) District-owned devices, including, but not limited to, school-issued tablets and laptops.

(c) Devices designated by the district to be used for instructional purposes.

(d) Devices used for special education programming or devices provided as an accommodation to students as required under section 504 of title V of the rehabilitation act of 1973, 29 USC 794, or as part of an individualized education plan under title II of the Americans with disabilities act of 1990, 42 USC 12131 to 12165.

(e) Lesson-specific academic assignments, at the limited and direct discretion of a classroom teacher.

(f) Emergency situations, as described in an emergency operations plan developed under section 1308b. Use of a wireless communications device under this subdivision must not interfere with school emergency protocols or the actions of first responders, and must not endanger students or faculty.

(5) The board of a school district or board of directors of a public school academy shall post the wireless communications device policy implemented under this section on the school district's or public school academy's website.

(6) As used in this section:

(a) "Basic telephone" means a device primarily used for voice calling that cannot support third-party applications, except those preinstalled, and does not support access to internet platforms via applications or web browsers.

(b) "School grounds" means a building, playing field, or property used for school purposes to impart instruction to children or used for functions and events sponsored by a school. School grounds does not include a building used primarily for adult education or college extension courses.

(c) "Wireless communications device" means an electronic device capable of, but not limited to, text messaging, voice communication, entertainment, navigation, accessing the internet, sending and receiving photos and videos, or producing email. Wireless communications device does not include a basic telephone.

History: Add. 2026, Act 2, Imd. Eff. Feb. 10, 2026
Mich. Comp. Laws § 45.590 — MI Code / Chapter 45 / Act Act-186-of-1989 / Section 45.590
Special assessment roll; objection to special assessment district.
Status: in_force

Sec. 10.

If a public corporation other than a county that has established a department of solid waste management under this act elects to raise money to pay all or any portion of its share of the cost of a system by assessing the cost of the system upon benefited lands, its governing body shall make this determination by resolution and fix the district for the assessment. The governing body shall then cause a special assessment roll to be prepared and thereafter the proceedings in respect to the special assessment roll and the making and collection of the special assessments shall be in accordance with the provisions of the statute or charter governing special assessments in the public corporation. However, the total assessment may be divided into any number of installments not exceeding 30. A person assessed has the right at the hearing upon the special assessment roll to object to the special assessment district previously established, and due consideration shall be given to the objections.

History: 1989, Act 186, Imd. Eff. Aug. 24, 1989
Mich. Comp. Laws § 325.2006 — MI Code / Chapter 325 / Act Act-323-of-1978 / Section 325.2006
Definitions; P.
Status: in_force

Sec. 6.

"Purchaser or payer of health care" means an individual who represents a health care purchaser or payer, including but not limited to, an employer, health and welfare trust fund, government health benefits program, nonprofit health care corporation, or insurer that purchases or pays for group health care benefits or services.

History: 1978, Act 323, Imd. Eff. July 10, 1978; Am. 1988, Act 309, Eff. Oct. 1, 1988
Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.1106 — MI Code / Chapter 600 / Act Act-236-of-1961 / Section 600.1106
Court reporter or recorder; vacancy; notice; temporary absence; payment of reporter or recorder pro tempore.
Status: in_force

Sec. 1106.

In case of a vacancy in the office of the reporter or recorder from any cause of a permanent nature, the appointment shall be made in accordance with section 1104, after notice has been given the governor of the vacancy by the chief or only judge of the circuit or the court administrator. In case of a temporary absence of the reporter or recorder, the reporter or recorder shall appoint some competent person who has been approved by the judge to act as a reporter or recorder pro tempore and who shall be paid by the reporter or recorder in whose place he or she acts. If the temporary absence of the reporter or recorder is due to illness, the reporter or recorder pro tempore shall be paid out of the county treasury, such sum as may be approved by the county board of commissioners or in counties having a board of auditors by that board. However, such payment shall not exceed payment for 30 calendar days in any 1 calendar year.

History: 1961, Act 236, Eff. Jan. 1, 1963; Am. 1986, Act 308, Eff. Jan. 1, 1987
Mich. Comp. Laws § 408.1124 — MI Code / Chapter 408 / Act Act-10-of-2023 / Section 408.1124
Exhaustion of administrative remedies; unavailable as defense.
Status: in_force

Sec. 24.

It is not be a defense to any civil action by a construction mechanic under this act that the construction mechanic has failed to exhaust any administrative remedies before the commissioner.

History: 2023, Act 10, Eff. Feb. 13, 2024
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.18259 — MI Code / Chapter 333 / Act Act-368-of-1978 / Section 333.18259
Rules; minimum standards for licensure as assistant behavior analyst.
Status: in_force

Sec. 18259.

By 2 years after the effective date of this part, the department, in consultation with the board, shall promulgate rules that establish the minimum standards for licensure as an assistant behavior analyst. For purposes of this section, the department may adopt in its rules the professional standards, in whole or in part, issued by the BACB or any other nationally recognized professional association as its standards under this section.

History: Add. 2016, Act 403, Eff. Apr. 3, 2017
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.7333b — MI Code / Chapter 333 / Act Act-368-of-1978 / Section 333.7333b
Treatment of patient for acute pain; prescription for opioid; limitation; "acute pain" defined.
Status: in_force

Sec. 7333b.

(1) Beginning July 1, 2018, if a prescriber is treating a patient for acute pain, the prescriber shall not prescribe the patient more than a 7-day supply of an opioid within a 7-day period.

(2) As used in this section, "acute pain" means pain that is the normal, predicted physiological response to a noxious chemical or a thermal or mechanical stimulus and is typically associated with invasive procedures, trauma, and disease and usually lasts for a limited amount of time.

History: Add. 2017, Act 251, Eff. Mar. 27, 2018