FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 31 — Article IX / Section 31
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 31
Status: in_force

Levyingtaxorincreasingrateofexistingtax;maximumtaxrateonnewbase; increaseinassessedvaluationofproperty;exceptionstolimitations. Sec.31.UnitsofLocalGovernmentareherebyprohibitedfromlevyinganytaxnotauthorized by law or charter when this section is ratified or from increasing the rate of an existing tax abovethatrateauthorizedbylaworcharterwhenthissectionisratified,withouttheapproval of a majority of the qualified electors of that unit of Local Government voting thereon. If the definitionofthebaseofanexistingtaxisbroadened,themaximumauthorizedrateoftaxation onthenewbaseineachunitofLocalGovernmentshallbereducedtoyieldthesameestimated gross revenue as on the prior base. If the assessed valuation of property as finally equalized, excluding the value of new construction and improvements, increases by a larger percentage thantheincreaseintheGeneralPriceLevelfromthepreviousyear,themaximumauthorized rateappliedtheretoineachunitofLocalGovernmentshallbereducedtoyieldthesamegross revenuefromexistingproperty,adjustedforchangesintheGeneralPriceLevel,ascouldhave beencollectedattheexistingauthorizedrateonthepriorassessedvalue. Thelimitationsofthissectionshallnotapplytotaxesimposedforthepaymentofprincipal and interest on bonds or other evidence of indebtedness or for the payment of assessments on contract obligations in anticipation of which bonds are issued which were authorized prior to theeffectivedateofthisamendment. History: Add.Init.,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 11 — Article IV / Section 11
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 11
Status: in_force

Legislatorsprivilegedfromcivilarrestandcivilprocess;limitation;questioning forspeechineitherhouseprohibited. Sec. 11. Except as provided by law, senators and representatives shall be privileged from civilarrestandcivilprocessduringsessionsofthelegislatureandforfivedaysnextbeforethe commencement and after the termination thereof. They shall not be questioned in any other placeforanyspeechineitherhouse. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§11,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.S.J.R.A,approvedNov.2,1982,Eff.Dec.18,1982. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§8.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 14 — Article IX / Section 14
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 14
Status: in_force

Stateborrowing;shortterm. Sec. 14. To meet obligations incurred pursuant to appropriations for any fiscal year, the legislaturemaybylawauthorizethestatetoissueitsfullfaithandcreditnotesinwhichcase it shall pledge undedicated revenues to be received within the same fiscal year for the repayment thereof. Such indebtedness in any fiscal year shall not exceed 15 percent of undedicated revenues received by the state during the preceding fiscal year and such debts shallberepaidatthetimetherevenuessopledgedarereceived,butnotlaterthantheendof thesamefiscalyear. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§14,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 3 — Article XI / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 3
Status: in_force

Extracompensation. Sec. 3. Neither the legislature nor any political subdivision of this state shall grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer, agent or contractor after the service has beenrenderedorthecontractenteredinto. History: Const.1963,Art.XI,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.XVI,§3.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 16 — Article IX / Section 16
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 16
Status: in_force

Stateloanstoschooldistricts. Sec.16.Thestate,inadditiontoanyotherborrowingpower,mayborrowfromtimetotime such amounts as shall be required, pledge its faith and credit and issue its notes or bonds therefor,forthepurposeofmakingloanstoschooldistrictsasprovidedinthissection. Amountofloans. Iftheminimumamountwhichwouldotherwisebenecessaryforaschooldistricttolevyin anyyeartopayprincipalandinterestonitsqualifiedbonds,includinganynecessaryallowances for estimated tax delinquencies, exceeds 13 mills on each dollar of its assessed valuation as finally equalized, or such lower millage as the legislature may prescribe, then the school districtmayelecttoborrowalloranypartoftheexcessfromthestate.Inthateventthestate shalllendtheexcessamounttotheschooldistrictforthepaymentofprincipalandinterest.If for any reason any school district will be or is unable to pay the principal and interest on its qualifiedbondswhendue,thentheschooldistrictshallborrowandthestateshalllendtoitan amountsufficienttoenabletheschooldistricttomakethepayment. Qualifiedbonds. The term “qualified bonds” means general obligation bonds of school districts issued for capitalexpenditures,includingrefundingbonds,issuedpriortoMay4,1955,orissuedthereafter and qualified as provided by law pursuant to Section 27 or Section 28 of Article X of the Constitutionof1908orpursuanttothissection. Repaymentofloans,taxlevybyschooldistrict. After a school district has received loans from the state, each year thereafter it shall levy fordebtservice,exclusiveofleviesfornonqualifiedbonds,notlessthan13millsorsuchlower 43 FINANCE AND TAXATION Art.IX,§19 millageasthelegislaturemayprescribe,untiltheamountloanedhasbeenrepaid,andanytax collectionstherefrominanyyearoverandabovetheminimumrequirementsforprincipaland interest on qualified bonds shall be used toward the repayment of state loans. In any year whensuchlevywouldproduceanamountinexcessoftherequirementsandtheamountdueto thestate,thelevymaybereducedbytheamountoftheexcess. Bonds,stateloans,repayment. Subjecttotheforegoingprovisions,thelegislatureshallhavethepowertoprescribeandto limit the procedure, terms and conditions for the qualification of bonds, for obtaining and makingstateloans,andfortherepaymentofloans. Powertotaxunlimited. Thepowertotaxforthepaymentofprincipalandinterestonbondshereafterissuedwhich arethegeneralobligationsofanyschooldistrict,includingrefundingbonds,andforrepayment ofanystateloansmadetoschooldistricts,shallbewithoutlimitationastorateoramount. Rightsandobligationstoremainunimpaired. All rights acquired under Sections 27 and 28 of Article X of the Constitution of 1908, by holders of bonds heretofore issued, and all obligations assumed by the state or any school districtunderthesesections,shallremainunimpaired. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§16,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§§27,28.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 30 — Article VII / Section 30
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 30
Status: in_force

Franchisesandlicenses,duration. Sec.30.Nofranchiseorlicenseshallbegrantedbyanytownship,cityorvillageforaperiod longerthan30years. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§30,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§29.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 41 — Article XI / Section 41
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 41
Status: in_force

Michigan game and fish protection trust conflicting amendments. fund.
Mi. Const. art. X, § 5 — Article X / Section 5
Mich. Const. art. X, § 5
Status: in_force

Statelands. Sec. 5. The legislature shall have general supervisory jurisdiction over all state owned lands useful for forest preserves, game areas and recreational purposes; shall require annual reports as to such lands from all departments having supervision or control thereof; and shall bygenerallawprovideforthesale,leaseorotherdispositionofsuchlands. Statelandreserve. The legislature by an act adopted by two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in eachhousemaydesignateanypartofsuchlandsasastatelandreserve.Nolandsinthestate 53 PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYMENT Art.XI,§5 landreservemayberemovedfromthereserve,sold,leasedorotherwisedisposedofexceptby anactofthelegislature. History: Const.1963,Art.X,§5,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 22 — Article VII / Section 22
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 22
Status: in_force

Charters,resolutions,ordinances;enumerationofpowers. Sec. 22. Under general laws the electors of each city and village shall have the power and authority to frame, adopt and amend its charter, and to amend an existing charter of the city or village heretofore granted or enacted by the legislature for the government of the city or village. Each such city and village shall have power to adopt resolutions and ordinances relating to its municipal concerns, property and government, subject to the constitution and law.Noenumerationofpowersgrantedtocitiesandvillagesinthisconstitutionshalllimitor restrictthegeneralgrantofauthorityconferredbythissection. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§22,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§21.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 42 — Article IV / Section 42
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 42
Status: in_force

Portsandportdistricts;incorporation,internal. Sec. 42. The legislature may provide for the incorporation of ports and port districts, and conferpowerandauthorityuponthemtoengageinworkofinternalimprovementsinconnection therewith. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§42,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§30. 19 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Art.IV,§52
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 41 — Article IV / Section 41
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 41
Status: in_force

Lotteries. Sec.41.Thelegislaturemayauthorizelotteriesandpermitthesaleoflotteryticketsinthe manner provided by law. No law enacted after January 1, 2004, that authorizes any form of gamblingshallbeeffective,norafterJanuary1,2004,shallanynewstatelotterygamesutilizing table games or player operated mechanical or electronic devices be established, without the approval of a majority of electors voting in a statewide general election and a majority of electors voting in the township or city where gambling will take place. This section shall not applytogamblinginuptothreecasinosintheCityofDetroitortoIndiantribalgaming. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§41,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.H.J.R.V,approvedMay16,1972,Eff.July1,1972;—Am.Init.,approved Nov.2,2004,Eff.Dec.18,2004. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§33.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 43 — Article IV / Section 43
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 43
Status: in_force

Bankandtrustcompanylaws. Sec. 43. No general law providing for the incorporation of trust companies or corporations for banking purposes, or regulating the business thereof, shall be enacted, amended or repealedexceptbyavoteoftwo-thirdsofthememberselectedtoandservingineachhouse. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§43,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.XII,§9.
Mi. Const. art. II, § 3 — Article II / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. II, § 3
Status: in_force

Presidentialelectors;residence. Sec.3.Forpurposesofvotingintheelectionforpresidentandvice-presidentoftheUnited States only, the legislature may by law establish lesser residence requirements for citizens whohaveresidedinthisstateforlessthansixmonthsandmaywaiveresidencerequirements for former citizens of this state who have removed herefrom. The legislature shall not permit votingbyanypersonwhomeetsthevotingresidencerequirementsofthestatetowhichhehas removed. History: Const.1963,Art.II,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VIII, § 6 — Article VIII / Section 6
Mich. Const. art. VIII, § 6
Status: in_force

Otherinstitutionsofhighereducation,controllingboards. Sec. 6. Other institutions of higher education established by law having authority to grant baccalaureate degrees shall each be governed by a board of control which shall be a body corporate. The board shall have general supervision of the institution and the control and directionofallexpendituresfromtheinstitution’sfunds.Itshall,asoftenasnecessary,electa presidentoftheinstitutionunderitssupervision.Heshallbetheprincipalexecutiveofficerof the institution and be ex-officio a member of the board without the right to vote. The board may elect one of its members or may designate the president, to preside at board meetings. Each board of control shall consist of eight members who shall hold office for terms of eight years,notmorethantwoofwhichshallexpireinthesameyear,andwhoshallbeappointedby thegovernorbyandwiththeadviceandconsentofthesenate.Vacanciesshallbefilledinlike manner. History: Const.1963,Art.VIII,§6,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 13 — Article VI / Section 13
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 13
Status: in_force

Circuitcourts;jurisdiction,writs,supervisorycontroloverinferiorcourts. Sec. 13. The circuit court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters not prohibited by law; appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals except as otherwise provided by law; power to issue, hear and determine prerogative and remedial writs; supervisory and general control over inferior courts and tribunals within their respective jurisdictions in accordance with rules of the supreme court; and jurisdiction of other cases and matters as providedbyrulesofthesupremecourt. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§13,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§10.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 21 — Article VI / Section 21
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 21
Status: in_force

Ineligibilityforotheroffice. Sec. 21. Any justice or judge of a court of record shall be ineligible to be nominated for or elected to an elective office other than a judicial office during the period of his service and for oneyearthereafter. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§21,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§9. Art.VI,§22 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 30
Mi. Const. art. V, § 9 — Article V / Section 9
Mich. Const. art. V, § 9
Status: in_force

Principaldepartments,location. Sec. 9. Single executives heading principal departments and the chief executive officers of principal departments headed by boards or commissions shall keep their offices at the seat of government except as otherwise provided by law, superintend them in person and perform dutiesprescribedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§9,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§1.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 9 — Article IX / Section 9
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 9
Status: in_force

Use of specific taxes on fuels for transportation purposes; authorization of indebtednessandissuanceofobligations. Sec. 9. All specific taxes, except general sales and use taxes and regulatory fees, imposed directly or indirectly on fuels sold or used to propel motor vehicles upon highways and to propel aircraft and on registered motor vehicles and aircraft shall, after the payment of necessary collection expenses, be used exclusively for transportation purposes as set forth in thissection. Not less than 90 percent of the specific taxes, except general sales and use taxes and regulatory fees, imposed directly or indirectly on fuels sold or used to propel motor vehicles uponhighwaysandonregisteredmotorvehiclesshall,afterthepaymentofnecessarycollection expenses, be used exclusively for the transportation purposes of planning, administering, constructing, reconstructing, financing, and maintaining state, county, city, and village roads, streets,andbridgesdesignedprimarilyfortheuseofmotorvehiclesusingtires,andreasonable appurtenancestothosestate,county,city,andvillageroads,streets,andbridges. The balance, if any, of the specific taxes, except general sales and use taxes and regulatory fees,imposeddirectlyorindirectlyonfuelssoldorusedtopropelmotorvehiclesuponhighways andonregisteredmotorvehicles,afterthepaymentofnecessarycollectionexpenses;100percent ofthespecifictaxes,exceptgeneralsalesandusetaxesandregulatoryfees,imposeddirectlyor indirectlyonfuelssoldorusedtopropelaircraftandonregisteredaircraft,afterthepayment of necessary collection expenses; and not more than 25 percent of the general sales taxes, imposeddirectlyorindirectlyonfuelssoldtopropelmotorvehiclesuponhighways,onthesale of motor vehicles, and on the sale of the parts and accessories of motor vehicles, after the payment of necessary collection expenses; shall be used exclusively for the transportation purposesofcomprehensivetransportationpurposesasdefinedbylaw. Thelegislaturemayauthorizetheincurrenceofindebtednessandtheissuanceofobligations pledgingthetaxesallocatedorauthorizedtobeallocatedbythissection,whichobligationsshall notbeconstruedtobeevidencesofstateindebtednessunderthisconstitution. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§9,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.H.J.R.F,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§22.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 1 — Article VII / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 1
Status: in_force

Counties;corporatecharacter,powersandimmunities. Sec. 1. Each organized county shall be a body corporate with powers and immunities providedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§1.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 11 — Article I / Section 11
Mich. Const. art. I, § 11
Status: in_force

Searchesandseizures. Sec. 11. The person, houses, papers and possessions of every person shall be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. No warrant to search any place or to seize any person or things shall issue without describing them, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to bar from evidence in any criminalproceedinganynarcoticdrug,firearm,bomb,explosiveoranyotherdangerousweapon, seizedbyapeaceofficeroutsidethecurtilageofanydwellinghouseinthisstate. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§11,Eff.Jan.1,1964. Constitutionality: ThelastsentenceofthissectionwasheldinvalidasinconflictwithU.S.Const.,Amend.IV.Lucasv.People,420 F.2d259(C.A.Mich.1970);Caverv.Kropp,306F.Supp.1329(D.C.Mich.1969);Peoplev.Pennington,383Mich.611,178N.W.2d460(1970); Peoplev.Andrews,21Mich.App.731,176N.W.2d460(1970). FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§10.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 13 — Article IX / Section 13
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 13
Status: in_force

Publicbodies,borrowingpower. Sec. 13. Public bodies corporate shall have power to borrow money and to issue their securitiesevidencingdebt,subjecttothisconstitutionandlaw. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§13,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 5 — Article VII / Section 5
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 5
Status: in_force

Officesatcountyseat. Sec. 5. The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer and register of deeds shall hold their principalofficesatthecountyseat. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§5,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§4.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 26 — Article VI / Section 26
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 26
Status: in_force

Circuit court commissioners and justices of the peace, abolition; courts of limitedjurisdiction. Sec. 26. The offices of circuit court commissioner and justice of the peace are abolished at theexpirationoffiveyearsfromthedatethisconstitutionbecomeseffectiveormaywithinthis period be abolished by law. Their jurisdiction, compensation and powers within this period shallbeasprovidedbylaw.Withinthisfive-yearperiod,thelegislatureshallestablishacourt or courts of limited jurisdiction with powers and jurisdiction defined by law. The location of suchcourtorcourts,andthequalifications,tenure,methodofelectionandsalaryofthejudges of such court or courts, and by what governmental units the judges shall be paid, shall be providedbylaw,subjecttothelimitationscontainedinthisarticle. Presentstatutorycourts. Statutory courts in existence at the time this constitution becomes effective shall retain theirpowersandjurisdiction,exceptasprovidedbylaw,untiltheyareabolishedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§26,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. II, § 1 — Article II / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. II, § 1
Status: in_force

Qualificationsofelectors;residence. Sec. 1. Every citizen of the United States who has attained the age of 21 years, who has resided in this state six months, and who meets the requirements of local residence provided bylaw,shallbeanelectorandqualifiedtovoteinanyelectionexceptasotherwiseprovidedin thisconstitution.Thelegislatureshalldefineresidenceforvotingpurposes. History: Const.1963,Art.II,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. Compiler’snote: U.S.Const.,AmendmentXXVI,§1,provides:“TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStates,whoareeighteenyearsofage orolder,tovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedbytheUnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofage.” FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.III,§§1-3.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 24 — Article IX / Section 24
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 24
Status: in_force

Publicpensionplansandretirementsystems,obligation. Sec. 24. The accrued financial benefits of each pension plan and retirement system of the state and its political subdivisions shall be a contractual obligation thereof which shall not be diminishedorimpairedthereby. Financialbenefits,annualfunding. Financialbenefitsarisingonaccountofservicerenderedineachfiscalyearshallbefunded duringthatyearandsuchfundingshallnotbeusedforfinancingunfundedaccruedliabilities. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§24,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 2 — Article XI / Section 2
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 2
Status: in_force

Termsofofficeofstateandcountyofficers. Sec. 2. The terms of office of elective state officers, members of the legislature and justices and judges of courts of record shall begin at twelve o’clock noon on the first day of January next succeeding their election, except as otherwise provided in this constitution. The terms of office of county officers shall begin on the first day of January next succeeding their election, exceptasotherwiseprovidedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.XI,§2,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.XVI,§1.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 21 — Article IX / Section 21
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 21
Status: in_force

Accountingforpublicmoneys. Sec.21.Thelegislatureshallprovidebylawfortheannualaccountingforallpublicmoneys, stateandlocal,andmayprovidebylawforinterimaccounting. Accountingandauditingforlocalgovernments. Thelegislatureshallprovidebylawforthemaintenanceofuniformaccountingsystemsby units of local government and the auditing of county accounts by competent state authority andotherunitsofgovernmentasprovidedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§21,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§18.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 32 — Article VII / Section 32
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 32
Status: in_force

Budgets,publichearing. Sec. 32. Any county, township, city, village, authority or school district empowered by the legislature or by this constitution to prepare budgets of estimated expenditures and revenues shalladoptsuchbudgetsonlyafterapublichearinginamannerprescribedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§32,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 17 — Article IX / Section 17
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 17
Status: in_force

Paymentsfromstatetreasury. Sec.17.Nomoneyshallbepaidoutofthestatetreasuryexceptinpursuanceofappropriations madebylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§17,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§16.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 31 — Article V / Section 31
Mich. Const. art. V, § 31
Status: in_force

General appropriation bills; priority, §6 Advice and consent to appointments. statement of estimated revenue.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 52 — Article IV / Section 52
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 52
Status: in_force

Naturalresources;conservation,pollution,impairment,destruction. Sec.52.Theconservationanddevelopmentofthenaturalresourcesofthestatearehereby declared to be of paramount public concern in the interest of the health, safety and general Art.IV,§52 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 20 welfare of the people. The legislature shall provide for the protection of the air, water and othernaturalresourcesofthestatefrompollution,impairmentanddestruction. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§52,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 50 — Article IV / Section 50
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 50
Status: in_force

Atomicandnewformsofenergy. Sec.50.Thelegislaturemayprovidesafetymeasuresandregulatetheuseofatomicenergy andformsofenergydevelopedinthefuture,havinginviewthegeneralwelfareofthepeopleof thisstate. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§50,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 31 — Article XI / Section 31
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 31
Status: in_force

Levying tax or increasing rate of existing tax; maximum tax rate on new base; §7 Impeachment of civil officers. increase in assessed valuation of Prosecution by 3 members of house of property; exceptions to limitations. representatives. Trial by senate; oath, presiding officer.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 44 — Article IV / Section 44
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 44
Status: in_force

Trialbyjuryincivilcases. Sec.44.Thelegislaturemayauthorizeatrialbyajuryoflessthan12jurorsincivilcases. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§44,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§27.