FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 10 — Article IX / Section 10
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 10
Status: in_force

Salestax;distributiontolocalgovernments. Sec. 10. Fifteen percent of all taxes imposed on retailers on taxable sales at retail of tangiblepersonalpropertyatarateofnotmorethan4%shallbeusedexclusivelyforassistance to townships, cities and villages, on a population basis as provided by law. In determining population the legislature may exclude any portion of the total number of persons who are wards,patientsorconvictsinanytaxsupportedinstitution. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§10,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.S.J.R.S,approvedMar.15,1994,Eff.Apr.30,1994. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§23.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 17 — Article I / Section 17
Mich. Const. art. I, § 17
Status: in_force

Self-incrimination;dueprocessoflaw;fairtreatmentatinvestigations. Sec.17.Nopersonshallbecompelledinanycriminalcasetobeawitnessagainsthimself, norbedeprivedoflife,libertyorproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw.Therightofallindividuals, firms, corporations and voluntary associations to fair and just treatment in the course of legislativeandexecutiveinvestigationsandhearingsshallnotbeinfringed. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§17,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§16.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 45 — Article IV / Section 45
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 45
Status: in_force

Indeterminatesentences. Sec. 45. The legislature may provide for indeterminate sentences as punishment for crime andforthedetentionandreleaseofpersonsimprisonedordetainedundersuchsentences. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§45,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§28.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 24 — Article XI / Section 24
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 24
Status: in_force

Public pension plans and retirement systems, obligation. §2 Terms of office of state and county Financial benefits, annual funding. officers.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 22 — Article I / Section 22
Mich. Const. art. I, § 22
Status: in_force

Treason;definition,evidence. Sec.22.Treasonagainstthestateshallconsistonlyinlevyingwaragainstitorinadhering toitsenemies,givingthemaidandcomfort.Nopersonshallbeconvictedoftreasonunlessupon thetestimonyoftwowitnessestothesameovertactoronconfessioninopencourt. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§22,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§21.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 12 — Article V / Section 12
Mich. Const. art. V, § 12
Status: in_force

Militarypowers. Sec. 12. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces and may call them outtoexecutethelaws,suppressinsurrectionandrepelinvasion. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§12,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§4.
Mi. Const. art. XII, § 10 — Article XII / Section 10
Mich. Const. art. XII, § 10
Status: in_force

Boards controlling higher education institutions and state board of public communityandjuniorcolleges,terms. Sec. 10. The provisions of this constitution providing for members of boards of control of institutions of higher education and the state board of public community and junior colleges shall be implemented by law. The law may provide that the term of each member in office on the date of the vote on this constitution may be extended, and may further provide that the initialtermsofofficeofmembersmaybelessthaneightyears. History: Const.1963,Schedule,§10,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 40 — Article XI / Section 40
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 40
Status: in_force

Michigan conservation and recreation Ballot, statement of purpose. legacy fund. Approval of proposal, effective date;
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 26 — Article XI / Section 26
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 26
Status: in_force

Limitation on taxes; revenue limit; exempted positions; appointment and refunding or transferring excess terms of members of state civil service revenues; exceptions to revenue commission; state personnel director; limitation; adjustment of state revenue duties of commission; collective and spending limits. bargaining for state police troopers and sergeants; appointments, promotions,
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 29 — Article IX / Section 29
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 29
Status: in_force

Statefinancingofactivitiesorservicesrequiredoflocalgovernmentbystate law. Sec. 29. The state is hereby prohibited from reducing the state financed proportion of the necessary costs of any existing activity or service required of units of Local Government by statelaw.Anewactivityorserviceoranincreaseinthelevelofanyactivityorservicebeyond that required by existing law shall not be required by the legislature or any state agency of unitsofLocalGovernment,unlessastateappropriationismadeanddisbursedtopaytheunit Art.IX,§29 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 46 of Local Government for any necessary increased costs. The provision of this section shall not applytocostsincurredpursuanttoArticleVI,Section18. History: Add.Init.,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 12 — Article I / Section 12
Mich. Const. art. I, § 12
Status: in_force

Habeascorpus. Sec.12.Theprivilegeofthewritofhabeascorpusshallnotbesuspendedunlessincaseof rebellionorinvasionthepublicsafetymayrequireit. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§12,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§11.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 35a — Article XI / Section 35a
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 35a
Status: in_force

Michigan state parks endowment fund. public employment.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 47 — Article IV / Section 47
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 47
Status: in_force

Chaplainsinstateinstitutions. Sec.47.Thelegislaturemayauthorizetheemploymentofchaplainsinstateinstitutionsof detentionorconfinement. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§47,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§26.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 16 — Article VII / Section 16
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 16
Status: in_force

Highways,bridges,culverts,airports;roadtaxlimitation. Sec. 16. The legislature may provide for the laying out, construction, improvement and maintenance of highways, bridges, culverts and airports by the state and by the counties and townships thereof; and may authorize counties to take charge and control of any highway within their limits for such purposes. The legislature may provide the powers and duties of counties in relation to highways, bridges, culverts and airports; may provide for county road commissioners to be appointed or elected, with powers and duties provided by law. The advalorempropertytaximposedforroadpurposesbyanycountyshallnotexceedinanyyear one-halfofonepercentoftheassessedvaluationfortheprecedingyear. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§16,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§26. Art.VII,§17 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 34
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 1 — Article VI / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 1
Status: in_force

Judicialpowerincourtofjustice;divisions. Sec. 1. The judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court, one court of appeals, one trial court of general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, one probate court, and courts of limited jurisdiction that the legislature may establish by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving ineachhouse. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§1.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 37 — Article IV / Section 37
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 37
Status: in_force

Administrativerules,suspensionbylegislativecommittee. Sec. 37. The legislature may by concurrent resolution empower a joint committee of the legislature, acting between sessions, to suspend any rule or regulation promulgated by an Art.IV,§37 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 18 administrativeagencysubsequenttotheadjournmentofthelastprecedingregularlegislative session. Such suspension shall continue no longer than the end of the next regular legislative session. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§37,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 33 — Article IV / Section 33
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 33
Status: in_force

Billspassed;approvalbygovernororveto,reconsiderationbylegislature. Sec. 33. Every bill passed by the legislature shall be presented to the governor before it becomes law, and the governor shall have 14 days measured in hours and minutes from the timeofpresentationinwhichtoconsiderit.Ifheapproves,heshallwithinthattimesignand file it with the secretary of state and it shall become law. If he does not approve, and the legislature has within that time finally adjourned the session at which the bill was passed, it shallnotbecomelaw.Ifhedisapproves,andthelegislaturecontinuesthesessionatwhichthe billwaspassed,heshallreturnitwithinsuch14-dayperiodwithhisobjections,tothehousein whichitoriginated.Thathouseshallentersuchobjectionsinfullinitsjournalandreconsider the bill. If two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in that house pass the bill notwithstandingtheobjectionsofthegovernor,itshallbesentwiththeobjectionstotheother house for reconsideration. The bill shall become law if passed by two-thirds of the members elected to and serving in that house. The vote of each house shall be entered in the journal with the votes and names of the members voting thereon. If any bill is not returned by the governor within such 14-day period, the legislature continuing in session, it shall become law asifhehadsignedit. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§33,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§36.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 15 — Article I / Section 15
Mich. Const. art. I, § 15
Status: in_force

Double jeopardy; bailable offenses; commencement of trial if bail denied; bailhearing;effectivedate. Sec. 15. No person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except that bail may be deniedforthefollowingpersonswhentheproofisevidentorthepresumptiongreat: (a)Apersonwho,withinthe15yearsimmediatelyprecedingamotionforbailpendingthe dispositionofanindictmentforaviolentfelonyorofanarraignmentonawarrantcharginga violent felony, has been convicted of 2 or more violent felonies under the laws of this state or under substantially similar laws of the United States or another state, or a combination thereof,onlyifthepriorfelonyconvictionsaroseoutofatleast2separateincidents,events,or transactions. (b)Apersonwhoisindictedfor,orarraignedonawarrantcharging,murderortreason. (c) A person who is indicted for, or arraigned on a warrant charging, criminal sexual conductinthefirstdegree,armedrobbery,orkidnappingwithintenttoextortmoneyorother valuable thing thereby, unless the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the defendantisnotlikelytofleeorpresentadangertoanyotherperson. (d)Apersonwhoisindictedfor,orarraignedonawarrantcharging,aviolentfelonywhich is alleged to have been committed while the person was on bail, pending the disposition of a priorviolentfelonychargeorwhilethepersonwasonprobationorparoleasaresultofaprior convictionforaviolentfelony. If a person is denied admission to bail under this section, the trial of the person shall be commenced not more than 90 days after the date on which admission to bail is denied. If the trialisnotcommencedwithin90daysafterthedateonwhichadmissiontobailisdeniedand thedelayisnotattributabletothedefense,thecourtshallimmediatelyscheduleabailhearing andshallsettheamountofbailfortheperson. As used in this section, “violent felony” means a felony, an element of which involves a violentactorthreatofaviolentactagainstanyotherperson. Thissection,asamended,shallnottakeeffectuntilMay1,1979. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§15,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.H.J.R.Q,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.May1,1979. Effectivedate: ThelanguagecertifiedbytheBoardofCanvasserswasidenticaltoHouseJointResolutionQof1978,exceptforthe deletionofthelastsentencewhichcontainedtheproposedMay1,1979,effectivedate. TheMay1,1979,effectivedateprovisionofHouseJointResolutionQwasnotstatedinthetextofballotProposalKorinanyofthe materialcirculatedbytheSecretaryofState,andwasneitherconsiderednorvoteduponbytheelectorsintheNovember7,1978,general election. Therefore,theeffectivedateofProposalKisDecember23,1978,whichwasthedate45daysaftertheelectionasprovidedbyConst. 1963,Art.XII,§1.Op.Atty.Gen.,No.5533(1979). FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§14.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 3 — Article VII / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 3
Status: in_force

Reductionofsizeofcounty. Sec. 3. No organized county shall be reduced by the organization of new counties to less than16townshipsassurveyedbytheUnitedStates,unlessapprovedinthemannerprescribed bylawbyamajorityofelectorsvotingthereonineachcountytobeaffected. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§2.
Mi. Const. art. XII, § 4 — Article XII / Section 4
Mich. Const. art. XII, § 4
Status: in_force

Officerselectedinspringof1963,term. Sec. 4. All officers elected at the same election that this constitution is submitted to the people for adoption shall take office and complete the term to which they were elected under the1908constitutionandexistinglawsandcontinuetoserveuntiltheirsuccessorsareelected andqualifiedpursuanttothisconstitutionorlaw. History: Const.1963,Schedule,§4,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Schedule,§6.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 29 — Article VI / Section 29
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 29
Status: in_force

Conservatorsofthepeace. Sec. 29. Justices of the supreme court, judges of the court of appeals, circuit judges and other judges as provided by law shall be conservators of the peace within their respective jurisdictions. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§29,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§18.
Mi. Const. art. VIII, § 2 — Article VIII / Section 2
Mich. Const. art. VIII, § 2
Status: in_force

Freepublicelementaryandsecondaryschools;discrimination. Sec. 2. The legislature shall maintain and support a system of free public elementary and secondaryschoolsasdefinedbylaw.Everyschooldistrictshallprovidefortheeducationofits pupilswithoutdiscriminationastoreligion,creed,race,colorornationalorigin. 37 EDUCATION Art.VIII,§4 Nonpublicschools,prohibitedaid. Nopublicmoniesorpropertyshallbeappropriatedorpaidoranypubliccreditutilized,by thelegislatureoranyotherpoliticalsubdivisionoragencyofthestatedirectlyorindirectlyto aid or maintain any private, denominational or other nonpublic, pre-elementary, elementary, orsecondaryschool.Nopayment,credit,taxbenefit,exemptionordeductions,tuitionvoucher, subsidy, grant or loan of public monies or property shall be provided, directly or indirectly, to supporttheattendanceofanystudentortheemploymentofanypersonatanysuchnonpublic school or at any location or institution where instruction is offered in whole or in part to such nonpublic school students. The legislature may provide for the transportation of students to andfromanyschool. History: Const.1963,Art.VIII,§2,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.Init.,approvedNov.3,1970,Eff.Dec.19,1970. Constitutionality: Thatportionofsecondsentenceofsecondparagraphofthissection,prohibitinguseofpublicmoneytosupport attendanceofanystudentoremploymentofanypersonatanylocationorinstitutionwhereinstructionisofferedinwholeorinpartto nonpublicstudents,washeldunconstitutional,void,andunenforceablebecauseitcontravenedfreeexerciseofreligionguaranteedbythe UnitedStatesConstitutionandwasviolativeofequalprotectionoflawsprovisionsofUnitedStatesConstitution.TraverseCitySchool Districtv.AttorneyGeneral,384Mich.390,185N.W.2d9(1971). FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.XI,§9.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 33 — Article IX / Section 33
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 33
Status: in_force

Definitionsapplicabletosections25to32. Sec. 33. Definitions. The definitions of this section shall apply to Section 25 through 32 of ArticleIX,inclusive. “Total State Revenues” includes all general and special revenues, excluding federal aid, as definedinthebudgetmessageofthegovernorforfiscalyear1978-1979.TotalStateRevenues shall exclude the amount of any credits based on actual tax liabilities or the imputed tax components of rental payments, but shall include the amount of any credits not related to actualtaxliabilities.“PersonalIncomeofMichigan”isthetotalincomereceivedbypersonsin Michiganfromallsources,asdefinedandofficiallyreportedbytheUnitedStatesDepartment of Commerce or its successor agency. “Local Government” means any political subdivision of the state, including, but not restricted to, school districts, cities, villages, townships, charter townships,counties,chartercounties,authoritiescreatedbythestate,andauthoritiescreated byotherunitsoflocalgovernment.“GeneralPriceLevel”meanstheConsumerPriceIndexfor theUnitedStatesasdefinedandofficiallyreportedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofLabor oritssuccessoragency. History: Add.Init.,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978.
Mi. Const. art. VIII, § 7 — Article VIII / Section 7
Mich. Const. art. VIII, § 7
Status: in_force

Communityandjuniorcolleges;stateboard,members,terms,vacancies. Sec. 7. The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and financial support of public community and junior colleges which shall be supervised and controlled by locally electedboards.Thelegislatureshallprovidebylawforastateboardforpubliccommunityand junior colleges which shall advise the state board of education concerning general supervision and planning for such colleges and requests for annual appropriations for their support. The board shall consist of eight members who shall hold office for terms of eight years, not more thantwoofwhichshallexpireinthesameyear,andwhoshallbeappointedbythestateboard ofeducation.Vacanciesshallbefilledinlikemanner.Thesuperintendentofpublicinstruction shallbeex-officioamemberofthisboardwithouttherighttovote. History: Const.1963,Art.VIII,§7,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 32 — Article XI / Section 32
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 32
Status: in_force

Suit to enforce sections 25 to 31. Conviction; vote, penalty.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 39 — Article IX / Section 39
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 39
Status: in_force

Michiganveterans’trustfundboardoftrustees;administrationoftrustfund. Sec.39.TheMichiganveterans’trustfundboardoftrusteesshalladministertheMichigan veterans’trustfund.Theboardoftrusteesshallnotauthorizetheexpenditureortransferofa trustfundasset,interest,orearningsunlesstheboardoftrusteesdeterminesinitsdiscretion and by a majority vote that the expenditure or transfer is for the benefit of veterans or their spousesordependents. History: Add.H.J.R.H,approvedNov.5,1996,Eff.Dec.21,1996. 49 FINANCE AND TAXATION Art.IX,§40
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 36 — Article XI / Section 36
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 36
Status: in_force

Tax on tobacco products; dedication of proceeds. ARTICLE XII AMENDMENT AND REVISION
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 11 — Article XI / Section 11
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 11
Status: in_force

Michigan State University trustees and
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 27 — Article IX / Section 27
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 27
Status: in_force

Exceedingrevenuelimit;conditions. Sec. 27. The revenue limit of Section 26 of this Article may be exceeded only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The governor requests the legislature to declare an emer- gency; (2) the request is specific as to the nature of the emergency, the dollar amount of the emergency, and the method by which the emergency will be funded; and (3) the legislature thereafterdeclaresanemergencyinaccordancewiththespecificofthegovernor’srequestbya two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house. The emergency must be declaredinaccordancewiththissectionpriortoincurringanyoftheexpenseswhichconstitute the emergency request. The revenue limit may be exceeded only during the fiscal year for which the emergency is declared. In no event shall any part of the amount representing a refundunderSection26ofthisArticlebethesubjectofanemergencyrequest. History: Add.Init.,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 2 — Article VI / Section 2
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 2
Status: in_force

Justicesofthesupremecourt;number,term,nomination,election. Sec.2.Thesupremecourtshallconsistofsevenjusticeselectedatnon-partisanelectionsas provided by law. The term of office shall be eight years and not more than two terms of office shall expire at the same time. Nominations for justices of the supreme court shall be in the manner prescribed by law. Any incumbent justice whose term is to expire may become a candidateforre-electionbyfilinganaffidavitofcandidacy,intheformandmannerprescribed bylaw,notlessthan180dayspriortotheexpirationofhisterm. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§2,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§2.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 24 — Article VII / Section 24
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 24
Status: in_force

Publicservicefacilities. Sec.24.Subjecttothisconstitution,anycityorvillagemayacquire,ownoroperate,within or without its corporate limits, public service facilities for supplying water, light, heat, power, sewagedisposalandtransportationtothemunicipalityandtheinhabitantsthereof. 35 LOCAL GOVERNMENT Art.VII,§28 Servicesoutsidecorporatelimits. Any city or village may sell and deliver heat, power or light without its corporate limits in anamountnotexceeding25percentofthatfurnishedbyitwithinthecorporatelimits,except as greater amounts may be permitted by law; may sell and deliver water and provide sewage disposal services outside of its corporate limits in such amount as may be determined by the legislative body of the city or village; and may operate transportation lines outside the municipalitywithinsuchlimitsasmaybeprescribedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§24,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§23.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 38 — Article XI / Section 38
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 38
Status: in_force

Michigan veterans’ trust fund board of vote of electors. trustees; establishment.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 2 — Article V / Section 2
Mich. Const. art. V, § 2
Status: in_force

Principaldepartments. Sec.2.Allexecutiveandadministrativeoffices,agenciesandinstrumentalitiesoftheexecutive branch of state government and their respective functions, powers and duties, except for the office of governor and lieutenant governor and the governing bodies of institutions of higher education provided for in this constitution, shall be allocated by law among and within not more than 20 principal departments. They shall be grouped as far as practicable according to majorpurposes. Organizationofexecutivebranch;assignmentoffunctions; submissiontolegislature. Subsequenttotheinitialallocation,thegovernormaymakechangesintheorganizationof the executive branch or in the assignment of functions among its units which he considers necessaryforefficientadministration.Wherethesechangesrequiretheforceoflaw,theyshall be set forth in executive orders and submitted to the legislature. Thereafter the legislature shallhave60calendardaysofaregularsession,orafullregularsessionifofshorterduration, todisapproveeachexecutiveorder.Unlessdisapprovedinbothhousesbyaresolutionconcurred inbyamajorityofthememberselectedtoandservingineachhouse,eachordershallbecome effectiveatadatethereaftertobedesignatedbythegovernor. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§2,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 27 — Article IV / Section 27
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 27
Status: in_force

Laws,effectivedate. Sec. 27. No act shall take effect until the expiration of 90 days from the end of the session at which it was passed, but the legislature may give immediate effect to acts by a two-thirds voteofthememberselectedtoandservingineachhouse. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§27,Eff.Jan.1,1964. Constitutionality: AlawproposedbyinitiativepetitionwhichisenactedbytheLegislaturewithoutchangeoramendmentwithin fortydaysofitsreceptiontakeseffectninetydaysaftertheendofthesessioninwhichitwasenactedunlesstwo-thirdsofthemembersofeach houseoftheLegislaturevotetogiveitimmediateeffect.Freyv.DepartmentofManagementandBudget,429Mich.315,414N.W.2d873(1987). FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§21.