FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mi. Const. art. II, § 5 — Article II / Section 5
Mich. Const. art. II, § 5
Status: in_force

Timeofelections. Sec. 5. Except for special elections to fill vacancies, or as otherwise provided in this constitution, all elections for national, state, county and township offices shall be held on the firstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayinNovemberineacheven-numberedyearoronsuchother dateasmembersofthecongressoftheUnitedStatesareregularlyelected. History: Const.1963,Art.II,§5,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 10 — Article VII / Section 10
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 10
Status: in_force

Removalofcountyseat. Sec. 10. A county seat once established shall not be removed until the place to which it is proposedtobemovedshallbedesignatedbytwo-thirdsofthemembersoftheboardofsupervisors and a majority of the electors voting thereon shall have approved the proposed location in the mannerprescribedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§10,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§13.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 13 — Article VII / Section 13
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 13
Status: in_force

Consolidationofcounties,approvalbyelectors. Sec. 13. Two or more contiguous counties may combine into a single county if approved in eachaffectedcountybyamajorityoftheelectorsvotingonthequestion. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§13,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 8 — Article VII / Section 8
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 8
Status: in_force

Legislative,administrative,andotherpowersanddutiesofboards. Sec. 8. Boards of supervisors shall have legislative, administrative and such other powers anddutiesasprovidedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§8,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§8. 33 LOCAL GOVERNMENT Art.VII,§16
Mi. Const. art. V, § 29 — Article V / Section 29
Mich. Const. art. V, § 29
Status: in_force

Civilrightscommission;members,term,duties,appropriation. Sec. 29. There is hereby established a civil rights commission which shall consist of eight persons, not more than four of whom shall be members of the same political party, who shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, for four-year terms not more than two of which shall expire in the same year. It shall be the duty of the commissioninamannerwhichmaybeprescribedbylawtoinvestigateallegeddiscrimination against any person because of religion, race, color or national origin in the enjoyment of the civilrightsguaranteedbylawandbythisconstitution,andtosecuretheequalprotectionofsuch civilrightswithoutsuchdiscrimination.Thelegislatureshallprovideanannualappropriation fortheeffectiveoperationofthecommission. Art.V,§29 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 26 Rulesandregulations;hearings,orders. The commission shall have power, in accordance with the provisions of this constitution andofgenerallawsgoverningadministrativeagencies,topromulgaterulesandregulationsfor itsownprocedures,toholdhearings,administeroaths,throughcourtauthorizationtorequire the attendance of witnesses and the submission of records, to take testimony, and to issue appropriate orders. The commission shall have other powers provided by law to carry out its purposes. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to diminish the right of any partytodirectandimmediatelegalorequitableremediesinthecourtsofthisstate. Appeals. Appealsfromfinalordersofthecommission,includingceaseanddesistordersandrefusals toissuecomplaints,shallbetrieddenovobeforethecircuitcourthavingjurisdictionprovided bylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§29,Eff.Jan.1,1964. Administrativerules: R37.1etseq.andR37.101oftheMichiganAdministrativeCode.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 53 — Article IV / Section 53
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 53
Status: in_force

Auditorgeneral;appointment,qualifications,term,removal,postaudits. Sec. 53. The legislature by a majority vote of the members elected to and serving in each house, shall appoint an auditor general, who shall be a certified public accountant licensed to practiceinthisstate,toserveforatermofeightyears.Heshallbeineligibleforappointment or election to any other public office in this state from which compensation is derived while serving as auditor general and for two years following the termination of his service. He may beremovedforcauseatanytimebyatwo-thirdsvoteofthememberselectedtoandservingin eachhouse.Theauditorgeneralshallconductpostauditsoffinancialtransactionsandaccounts ofthestateandofallbranches,departments,offices,boards,commissions,agencies,authorities and institutions of the state established by this constitution or by law, and performance post auditsthereof. Independentinvestigations;reports. The auditor general upon direction by the legislature may employ independent accounting firmsorlegalcounselandmaymakeinvestigationspertinenttotheconductofaudits.Heshall report annually to the legislature and to the governor and at such other times as he deems necessary or as required by the legislature. He shall be assigned no duties other than those specifiedinthissection. Governingboardsofinstitutionsofhighereducation. Nothing in this section shall be construed in any way to infringe the responsibility and constitutional authority of the governing boards of the institutions of higher education to be solelyresponsibleforthecontrolanddirectionofallexpendituresfromtheinstitutions’funds. Staffmembers,civilservice. The auditor general, his deputy and one other member of his staff shall be exempt from classifiedcivilservice.Allothermembersofhisstaffshallhaveclassifiedcivilservicestatus. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§53,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 15 — Article IV / Section 15
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 15
Status: in_force

Legislativecouncil. Sec.15.Thereshallbeabi-partisanlegislativecouncilconsistingoflegislatorsappointedin themannerprescribedbylaw.Thelegislatureshallappropriatefundsforthecouncil’soperations andprovideforitsstaffwhichshallmaintainbilldrafting,researchandotherservicesforthe members of the legislature. The council shall periodically examine and recommend to the legislaturerevisionofthevariouslawsofthestate. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§15,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 24 — Article I / Section 24
Mich. Const. art. I, § 24
Status: in_force

Rightsofcrimevictims;enforcement;assessmentagainstconvicteddefendants. Sec.24.(1)Crimevictims,asdefinedbylaw,shallhavethefollowingrights,asprovidedby law: The right to be treated with fairness and respect for their dignity and privacy throughout thecriminaljusticeprocess. Therighttotimelydispositionofthecasefollowingarrestoftheaccused. Therighttobereasonablyprotectedfromtheaccusedthroughoutthecriminaljusticeprocess. Therighttonotificationofcourtproceedings. Therighttoattendtrialandallothercourtproceedingstheaccusedhastherighttoattend. Therighttoconferwiththeprosecution. Therighttomakeastatementtothecourtatsentencing. Therighttorestitution. The right to information about the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused. 5 DECLARATION OF RIGHTS Art.I,§27 (2)Thelegislaturemayprovidebylawfortheenforcementofthissection. (3) The legislature may provide for an assessment against convicted defendants to pay for crimevictims’rights. History: Add.H.J.R.P,approvedNov.8,1988,Eff.Dec.24,1988.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 35 — Article IV / Section 35
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 35
Status: in_force

Publicationanddistributionoflawsandjudicialdecisions. Sec. 35. All laws enacted at any session of the legislature shall be published in book form within 60 days after final adjournment of the session, and shall be distributed in the manner providedbylaw.Thepromptpublicationofjudicialdecisionsshallbeprovidedbylaw.Alllaws andjudicialdecisionsshallbefreeforpublicationbyanyperson. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§35,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§39.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 25 — Article IV / Section 25
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 25
Status: in_force

Revisionandamendmentoflaws;titlereferences,publicationofentiresections. Sec.25.Nolawshallberevised,alteredoramendedbyreferencetoitstitleonly.Thesection orsectionsoftheactalteredoramendedshallbere-enactedandpublishedatlength. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§25,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§21.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 7 — Article VI / Section 7
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 7
Status: in_force

Staff;budget;salariesofjustices;fees. Sec.7.Thesupremecourtmayappoint,mayremove,andshallhavegeneralsupervisionof its staff. It shall have control of the preparation of its budget recommendations and the expenditureofmoneysappropriatedforanypurposepertainingtotheoperationofthecourtor the performance of activities of its staff except that the salaries of the justices shall be established by law. All fees and perquisites collected by the court staff shall be turned over to thestatetreasuryandcreditedtothegeneralfund. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§7,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VII,§6.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 40 — Article IV / Section 40
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 40
Status: in_force

Alcoholic beverages; age requirement; liquor control commission; excise tax; localoption. Sec. 40. A person shall not sell or give any alcoholic beverage to any person who has not reachedtheageof21years.Apersonwhohasnotreachedtheageof21yearsshallnotpossess any alcoholic beverage for the purpose of personal consumption. An alcoholic beverage is any beveragecontainingone-halfofonepercentormorealcoholbyvolume. Exceptasprohibitedbythissection,(t)helegislaturemaybylawestablishaliquorcontrol commission which, subject to statutory limitations, shall exercise complete control of the alcoholic beverage traffic within this state, including the retail sales thereof. The legislature may provide for an excise tax on such sales. Neither the legislature nor the commission may authorize the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages in any county in which a majority of theelectorsvotingthereonshallprohibitthesame. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§40,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.Init.,approvedNov.7,1978,Eff.Dec.23,1978. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.XVI,§11.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 5 — Article IV / Section 5
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 5
Status: in_force

Islandareas,contiguity. Sec.5.Islandareasareconsideredtobecontiguousbylandtothecountyofwhichtheyare apart. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§5,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 22 — Article V / Section 22
Mich. Const. art. V, § 22
Status: in_force

Governorandlieutenantgovernor,qualifications. Sec. 22. To be eligible for the office of governor or lieutenant governor a person must have attainedtheageof30years,andhavebeenaregisteredelectorinthisstateforfouryearsnext precedinghiselection. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§22,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§13.
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 7 — Article XI / Section 7
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 7
Status: in_force

Impeachmentofcivilofficers. Sec. 7. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeaching civil officers for corrupt conduct in office or for crimes or misdemeanors, but a majority of the members electedtheretoandservingthereinshallbenecessarytodirectanimpeachment. Prosecutionby3membersofhouseofrepresentatives. When an impeachment is directed, the house of representatives shall elect three of its memberstoprosecutetheimpeachment. Trialbysenate;oath,presidingofficer. Everyimpeachmentshallbetriedbythesenateimmediatelyafterthefinaladjournmentof thelegislature.Thesenatorsshalltakeanoathoraffirmationtrulyandimpartiallytotryand determine the impeachment according to the evidence. When the governor or lieutenant governoristried,thechiefjusticeofthesupremecourtshallpreside. Conviction;vote,penalty. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators elected andserving.Judgmentincaseofconvictionshallnotextendfurtherthanremovalfromoffice, butthepersonconvictedshallbeliabletopunishmentaccordingtolaw. Judicialofficers,functionsafterimpeachment. No judicial officer shall exercise any of the functions of his office after an impeachment is directeduntilheisacquitted. History: Const.1963,Art.XI,§7,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.IX,§§1-4.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 26 — Article V / Section 26
Mich. Const. art. V, § 26
Status: in_force

Successiontogovernorship. Sec. 26. In case of the conviction of the governor on impeachment, his removal from office, hisresignationorhisdeath,thelieutenantgovernor,theelectedsecretaryofstate,theelected attorneygeneralandsuchotherpersonsdesignatedbylawshallinthatorderbegovernorfor theremainderofthegovernor’sterm. Deathofgovernor-elect. In case of the death of the governor-elect, the lieutenant governor-elect, the secretary of state-elect, the attorney general-elect and such other persons designated by law shall become governorinthatorderatthecommencementofthegovernor-elect’sterm. Durationofsuccessor’stermasgovernor. If the governor or the person in line of succession to serve as governor is absent from the state, or suffering under an inability, the powers and duties of the office of the governor shall devolve in order of precedence until the absence or inability giving rise to the devolution of powersceases. Determinationofinability. Theinabilityofthegovernororpersonactingasgovernorshallbedeterminedbyamajority of the supreme court on joint request of the president pro tempore of the senate and the speakerofthehouseofrepresentatives.Suchdeterminationshallbefinalandconclusive.The supremecourtshalluponitsowninitiativedetermineifandwhentheinabilityceases. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§26,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§§16,17.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 1 — Article I / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. I, § 1
Status: in_force

Politicalpower. Sec.1.Allpoliticalpowerisinherentinthepeople.Governmentisinstitutedfortheirequal benefit,securityandprotection. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§1.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 13 — Article V / Section 13
Mich. Const. art. V, § 13
Status: in_force

Electionstofillvacanciesinlegislature. Sec.13.Thegovernorshallissuewritsofelectiontofillvacanciesinthesenateorhouseof representatives.Anysuchelectionshallbeheldinamannerprescribedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§13,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§6.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 8 — Article IX / Section 8
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 8
Status: in_force

Salesandusetaxes. Sec. 8. Except as provided in this section, the Legislature shall not impose a sales tax on retailersatarateofmorethan4%oftheirgrosstaxablesalesoftangiblepersonalproperty. BeginningMay1,1994,thesalestaxshallbeimposedonretailersatanadditionalrateof 2%oftheirgrosstaxablesalesoftangiblepersonalpropertynotexemptbylawandtheusetax atanadditional rateof2%.The proceedsofthesalesand usetaxesimposedattheadditional rate of 2% shall be deposited in the state school aid fund established in section 11 of this article. The allocation of sales tax revenue required or authorized by sections 9 and 10 of this articledoesnotapplytotherevenuefromthesalestaximposedattheadditionalrateof2%. NosalestaxorusetaxshallbechargedorcollectedfromandafterJanuary1,1975onthe sale or use of prescription drugs for human use, or on the sale or use of food for human consumption except in the case of prepared food intended for immediate consumption as definedbylaw.Thisprovisionshallnotapplytoalcoholicbeverages. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§8,Eff.Jan.1,1964;—Am.Init.,approvedNov.5,1974,Eff.Dec.21,1974;—Am.S.J.R.S,approved Mar.15,1994,Eff.Apr.30,1994. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§23. 41 FINANCE AND TAXATION Art.IX,§11
Mi. Const. art. XI, § 10 — Article XI / Section 10
Mich. Const. art. XI, § 10
Status: in_force

Boards controlling higher education institutions and state board of public SCHEDULE AND community and junior colleges, terms. TEMPORARY PROVISIONS
Mi. Const. art. VIII, § 18 — Article VIII / Section 18
Mich. Const. art. VIII, § 18
Status: in_force

State credit. Investment of public funds. §1 Disabilities of coverture abolished; separate property of wife; dower.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 23 — Article V / Section 23
Mich. Const. art. V, § 23
Status: in_force

Stateelectiveexecutiveofficers,compensation. Sec. 23. The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general shall each receive the compensation provided by law in full payment for all services performed and expenses incurred during his term of office. Such compensation shall not be changed during thetermofofficeexceptasotherwiseprovidedinthisconstitution. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§23,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§21.
Mi. Const. art. XII, § 11 — Article XII / Section 11
Mich. Const. art. XII, § 11
Status: in_force

Michigan State University trustees and Wayne State University governors, terms. Sec.11.TheprovisionsofthisconstitutionincreasingthenumberofmembersoftheBoard of Trustees of Michigan State University and the Board of Governors of Wayne State Universitytoeight,andoftheirtermofofficetoeightyears,shallbeimplementedbylaw.The law may provide that the term of each member in office on the date of the vote on this constitutionmaybeextendedoneyear,andmayfurtherprovidethattheinitialtermsofoffice oftheadditionalmembersmaybelessthaneightyears. History: Const.1963,Schedule,§11,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. XII, § 3 — Article XII / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. XII, § 3
Status: in_force

Officers,continuanceinoffice. Sec. 3. Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, all officers filling any office by election or appointment shall continue to exercise their powers and duties until their offices shall have been abolished or their successors selected and qualified in accordance with this constitutionorthelawsenactedpursuantthereto. Termsofoffice. Noprovisionofthisconstitution,oroflaworofexecutiveorderauthorizedbythisconstitution shallshortenthetermofanypersonelectedtostateofficeatastatewideelectiononorpriorto the date on which this constitution is submitted to a vote. In the event the duties of any such officers shall not have been abolished or incorporated into one or more of the principal departments at the expiration of his term, such officer shall continue to serve until his duties aresoincorporatedorabolished. History: Const.1963,Schedule,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Schedule,§5.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 7 — Article V / Section 7
Mich. Const. art. V, § 7
Status: in_force

Vacanciesinoffice;filling,senatorialdisapprovalofappointees. Sec. 7. Vacancies in any office, appointment to which requires advice and consent of the senate, shall be filled by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate. A person whose appointment has been disapproved by the senate shall not be eligible for an interimappointmenttothesameoffice. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§7,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§10.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 9 — Article IV / Section 9
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 9
Status: in_force

Civilappointments,ineligibilityoflegislators. Sec. 9. No person elected to the legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this state from the governor, except notaries public, from the legislature, or from any other state authority,duringthetermforwhichheiselected. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§9,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§7.
Mi. Const. art. VI, § 3 — Article VI / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. VI, § 3
Status: in_force

Chiefjustice;courtadministrator;otherassistants. Sec.3.Onejusticeofthesupremecourtshallbeselectedbythecourtasitschiefjusticeas provided by rules of the court. He shall perform duties required by the court. The supreme courtshallappointanadministratorofthecourtsandotherassistantsofthesupremecourtas 27 JUDICIAL BRANCH Art.VI,§9 may be necessary to aid in the administration of the courts of this state. The administrator shallperformadministrativedutiesassignedbythecourt. History: Const.1963,Art.VI,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. V, § 1 — Article V / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. V, § 1
Status: in_force

Executivepower. Sec.1.Theexecutivepowerisvestedinthegovernor. History: Const.1963,Art.V,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VI,§2. 21 EXECUTIVE BRANCH Art.V,§6
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 1 — Article IX / Section 1
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 1
Status: in_force

Taxesforstateexpenses. Sec.1.Thelegislatureshallimposetaxessufficientwithotherresourcestopaytheexpenses ofstategovernment. History: Const.1963,Art.IX,§1,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.X,§2.
Mi. Const. art. IX, § 38 — Article IX / Section 38
Mich. Const. art. IX, § 38
Status: in_force

Michiganveterans’trustfundboardoftrustees;establishment. Sec. 38. The Michigan veterans’ trust fund board of trustees is established and consists of veterans honorably discharged from the armed services and appointed by the governor as prescribedbylaw. History: Add.H.J.R.H,approvedNov.5,1996,Eff.Dec.21,1996.
Mi. Const. art. IV, § 3 — Article IV / Section 3
Mich. Const. art. IV, § 3
Status: in_force

Representatives,number,term;contiguityofdistricts. Sec.3.Thehouseofrepresentativesshallconsistof110memberselectedfortwo-yearterms from single member districts apportioned on a basis of population as provided in this article. Thedistrictsshallconsistofcompactandconvenientterritorycontiguousbyland. Representativeareas,singleandmultiplecounty. Each county which has a population of not less than seven-tenths of one percent of the populationofthestateshallconstituteaseparaterepresentativearea.Eachcountyhavingless thanseven-tenthsofonepercentofthepopulationofthestateshallbecombinedwithanother countyorcountiestoformarepresentativeareaofnotlessthanseven-tenthsofonepercentof thepopulationofthestate.Anycountywhichisisolatedundertheinitialallocationasprovided in this section shall be joined with that contiguous representative area having the smallest percentageofthestate’spopulation.Eachsuchrepresentativeareashallbeentitledinitiallyto onerepresentative. Apportionmentofrepresentativestoareas. Aftertheassignmentofonerepresentativetoeachoftherepresentativeareas,theremaining houseseatsshallbeapportionedamongtherepresentativeareasonthebasisofpopulationby themethodofequalproportions. Districtingofsinglecountyareaentitledto2ormorerepresentatives. Any county comprising a representative area entitled to two or more representatives shall bedividedintosinglememberrepresentativedistrictsasfollows: (1)Thepopulationofsuchdistrictsshallbeasnearlyequalaspossiblebutshallnotbeless than75percentnormorethan125percentofanumberdeterminedbydividingthepopulation oftherepresentativeareabythenumberofrepresentativestowhichitisentitled. (2)Suchsinglememberdistrictsshallfollowcityandtownshipboundarieswhereapplicable and shall be composed of compact and contiguous territory as nearly square in shape as possible. Districtingofmultiplecountyrepresentativeareas. Any representative area consisting of more than one county, entitled to more than one representative,shallbedividedintosinglememberdistrictsasequalaspossibleinpopulation, adheringtocountylines. History: Const.1963,Art.IV,§3,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.V,§3.
Mi. Const. art. II, § 2 — Article II / Section 2
Mich. Const. art. II, § 2
Status: in_force

Mentalincompetence;imprisonment. Sec. 2. The legislature may by law exclude persons from voting because of mental incompetenceorcommitmenttoajailorpenalinstitution. History: Const.1963,Art.II,§2,Eff.Jan.1,1964.
Mi. Const. art. VII, § 17 — Article VII / Section 17
Mich. Const. art. VII, § 17
Status: in_force

Townships;corporatecharacter,powersandimmunities. Sec. 17. Each organized township shall be a body corporate with powers and immunities providedbylaw. History: Const.1963,Art.VII,§17,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.VIII,§16.
Mi. Const. art. I, § 18 — Article I / Section 18
Mich. Const. art. I, § 18
Status: in_force

Witnesses;competency,religiousbeliefs. Sec.18.Nopersonshallberenderedincompetenttobeawitnessonaccountofhisopinions onmattersofreligiousbelief. History: Const.1963,Art.I,§18,Eff.Jan.1,1964. FormerConstitution: SeeConst.1908,Art.II,§17. Art.I,§19 CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963 4