FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156E, sec. 12 — MA Code / Part I / Title XXII / Chapter 156E / Section 12
Officers; consideration of interests and factors of Sec. 10, subsec. (a); non-liability for monetary damages
Status: in_force

Section 12. (a) Each officer of a benefit corporation shall consider the interests and factors described in clause (1) of subsection (a) of section 10 in the manner provided in said subsection (a) if: (1) the officer has discretion to act with respect to a matter; and (2) it reasonably appears to the officer that the matter may have a material effect on the creation of a general public benefit or a specific public benefit by the benefit corporation. (b) The consideration of interests and factors in the manner described in clause (1) of subsection (a) shall not constitute a violation of section 8.41 of chapter 156D. (c) An officer shall not be personally liable for monetary damages for: (1) any action or inaction as an officer if the officer performed the duties of the position in compliance with chapter 156D and this section; or (2) failure of the benefit corporation to pursue or create a general public benefit or a specific public benefit. (d) An officer shall not have a fiduciary duty to a person that is a beneficiary of the general or specific public benefit purposes of a benefit corporation arising from the status of the person as a beneficiary.

Section 12. (a) Each officer of a benefit corporation shall consider the interests and factors described in clause (1) of subsection (a) of section 10 in the manner provided in said subsection (a) if:

(1) the officer has discretion to act with respect to a matter; and

(2) it reasonably appears to the officer that the matter may have a material effect on the creation of a general public benefit or a specific public benefit by the benefit corporation.

(b) The consideration of interests and factors in the manner described in clause (1) of subsection (a) shall not constitute a violation of section 8.41 of chapter 156D.

(c) An officer shall not be personally liable for monetary damages for:

(1) any action or inaction as an officer if the officer performed the duties of the position in compliance with chapter 156D and this section; or

(2) failure of the benefit corporation to pursue or create a general public benefit or a specific public benefit.

(d) An officer shall not have a fiduciary duty to a person that is a beneficiary of the general or specific public benefit purposes of a benefit corporation arising from the status of the person as a beneficiary.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 221C, sec. 2 — MA Code / Part III / Title I / Chapter 221C / Section 2
Right to assistance; availability of qualified interpreters; reports
Status: in_force

Section 2. A non–English speaker, throughout a legal proceeding, shall have a right to the assistance of a qualified interpreter who shall be appointed by the judge, unless the judge finds that no qualified interpreter of the non–English speaker's language is reasonably available, in which event the non–English speaker shall have the right to a certified interpreter, who shall be appointed by the judge. The court shall report to the coordinator of interpreter services every instance in which a qualified interpreter was found not to be reasonably available.

Section 2. A non–English speaker, throughout a legal proceeding, shall have a right to the assistance of a qualified interpreter who shall be appointed by the judge, unless the judge finds that no qualified interpreter of the non–English speaker's language is reasonably available, in which event the non–English speaker shall have the right to a certified interpreter, who shall be appointed by the judge. The court shall report to the coordinator of interpreter services every instance in which a qualified interpreter was found not to be reasonably available.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 59, sec. 77 — MA Code / Part I / Title IX / Chapter 59 / Section 77
Reassessments
Status: in_force

Section 77. Every tax except a poll tax, which is invalid by reason of error or irregularity in the assessment and every tax on land which, by reason of such error or irregularity, does not constitute a valid lien on such land, may, if it has not been paid in full, or if it has been recovered back, or if it has been paid under such circumstances that it can be recovered back, be reassessed by the assessors for the time being, to the just amount to which, on the estate on which, and to the person to whom, it ought at first to have been assessed, whether such person has continued an inhabitant of the town or not. A reassessed tax on land shall be a lien thereon for the same period and under the same conditions as the original tax, if it had constituted a valid lien, would be, except where the reassessment is made after such period has expired. The reassessment of a tax on land shall not be defeated by an alienation of such land; but a reassessed tax on land shall be a lien thereon only as herein provided.

Section 77. Every tax except a poll tax, which is invalid by reason of error or irregularity in the assessment and every tax on land which, by reason of such error or irregularity, does not constitute a valid lien on such land, may, if it has not been paid in full, or if it has been recovered back, or if it has been paid under such circumstances that it can be recovered back, be reassessed by the assessors for the time being, to the just amount to which, on the estate on which, and to the person to whom, it ought at first to have been assessed, whether such person has continued an inhabitant of the town or not. A reassessed tax on land shall be a lien thereon for the same period and under the same conditions as the original tax, if it had constituted a valid lien, would be, except where the reassessment is made after such period has expired. The reassessment of a tax on land shall not be defeated by an alienation of such land; but a reassessed tax on land shall be a lien thereon only as herein provided.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 31A, sec. 6 — MA Code / Part I / Title IV / Chapter 31A / Section 6
Personnel director; time of appointment; authority
Status: in_force

Section 6. Within one hundred and eighty days following the effective date of a local ordinance or by-law, the municipality shall appoint a personnel director qualified for the position by reason of previous education, training, or experience. Said personnel director may be a professional city manager, town manager, executive secretary, or a local official with equivalent experience, or a person appointed by a group of municipalities to serve as a personnel director on a regional basis. The personnel director shall have full authority to administer such local personnel system and shall have direct access to the chief executive of the municipality. The duties of the personnel director shall be prescribed by ordinance or by-law.

Section 6. Within one hundred and eighty days following the effective date of a local ordinance or by-law, the municipality shall appoint a personnel director qualified for the position by reason of previous education, training, or experience.

Said personnel director may be a professional city manager, town manager, executive secretary, or a local official with equivalent experience, or a person appointed by a group of municipalities to serve as a personnel director on a regional basis. The personnel director shall have full authority to administer such local personnel system and shall have direct access to the chief executive of the municipality. The duties of the personnel director shall be prescribed by ordinance or by-law.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 129, sec. 44A — MA Code / Part I / Title XIX / Chapter 129 / Section 44A
Destruction or quarantine of infected equine animals
Status: in_force

Section 44A. Any equine animal positive to a test approved by the United States Department of Agriculture for the detection of equine infectious anemia may be humanely destroyed; provided, that such destruction is observed by an agent of the division or of the United States department of agriculture, or may be so destroyed by a licensed veterinarian who shall report such destruction to the division, or may be sold or given under a permit from the division to an approved slaughter house or research facility, or, at the owner's option, may be retained under quarantine and held in isolation on the owner's premises; provided, however, that it may be pastured, ridden or driven on the owner's premises within a radius of two hundred yards of where it is stabled, provided, that no other horses are stabled or normally ridden or pastured within that area. Upon the discovery of one or more test positive animals within a quarter of a mile of where such animal is normally stabled, all such reactor animals shall be quarantined to screened stalls.

Section 44A. Any equine animal positive to a test approved by the United States Department of Agriculture for the detection of equine infectious anemia may be humanely destroyed; provided, that such destruction is observed by an agent of the division or of the United States department of agriculture, or may be so destroyed by a licensed veterinarian who shall report such destruction to the division, or may be sold or given under a permit from the division to an approved slaughter house or research facility, or, at the owner's option, may be retained under quarantine and held in isolation on the owner's premises; provided, however, that it may be pastured, ridden or driven on the owner's premises within a radius of two hundred yards of where it is stabled, provided, that no other horses are stabled or normally ridden or pastured within that area. Upon the discovery of one or more test positive animals within a quarter of a mile of where such animal is normally stabled, all such reactor animals shall be quarantined to screened stalls.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 14, sec. 8 — MA Code / Part I / Title II / Chapter 14 / Section 8
Training programs
Status: in_force

Section 8. To promote the fair and equitable enforcement of the tax laws of the commonwealth, the commissioner shall establish annual training programs for all employees of the department of revenue, including those in managerial or supervisory positions, who work directly in tax administration, in particular those in the audit, customer service and legal bureaus. Such training shall be designed to ensure that audits are conducted on a consistent basis and that information provided to taxpayers is accurate. Further, the commissioner shall establish periodic training programs to ensure that all employees who work directly in tax administration are informed of and understand the department of revenue's policy concerning recent developments in the tax law, including the department of revenue's interpretation of recent court decisions and regulatory changes.

Section 8. To promote the fair and equitable enforcement of the tax laws of the commonwealth, the commissioner shall establish annual training programs for all employees of the department of revenue, including those in managerial or supervisory positions, who work directly in tax administration, in particular those in the audit, customer service and legal bureaus. Such training shall be designed to ensure that audits are conducted on a consistent basis and that information provided to taxpayers is accurate. Further, the commissioner shall establish periodic training programs to ensure that all employees who work directly in tax administration are informed of and understand the department of revenue's policy concerning recent developments in the tax law, including the department of revenue's interpretation of recent court decisions and regulatory changes.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 40X, sec. 6 — MA Code / Part I / Title VII / Chapter 40X / Section 6
Consideration of all lodging businesses in special assessment methodology
Status: in_force

Section 6. All lodging businesses described in the petition and located within the proposed tourism destination marketing district shall be considered in the special assessment methodology for the supplemental services and programs as outlined in the tourism destination marketing district plan.

Section 6. All lodging businesses described in the petition and located within the proposed tourism destination marketing district shall be considered in the special assessment methodology for the supplemental services and programs as outlined in the tourism destination marketing district plan.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 150F, sec. 11 — MA Code / Part I / Title XXI / Chapter 150F / Section 11
Conflict of Laws
Status: in_force

Section 11. [Conflict of Laws] In the event of any conflict with Chapter 150A of the General Laws, the provisions of this Chapter shall prevail.

Section 11. [Conflict of Laws]

In the event of any conflict with Chapter 150A of the General Laws, the provisions of this Chapter shall prevail.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 252, sec. 14 — MA Code / Part III / Title IV / Chapter 252 / Section 14
Expenses; submission to the board; approval; payment
Status: in_force

Section 14. The commissioners shall at least once a month at such time as the board may require submit to it the accounts and vouchers for expenses incurred in meeting the cost of required improvements under sections one to fourteen B, inclusive. Such accounts and vouchers shall be inspected by the board and if it approves the same it shall forward them to the county treasurer or to the state treasurer, as the case may be, for payment from any funds which may be available for the purpose. Expenses for maintenance or for further improvements incurred under the direction of the prudential committee of the district as provided in section fourteen A shall be paid by the district treasurer on presentation by the prudential committee of accounts and vouchers for such expenses; provided, that accounts and vouchers for expenses incurred in connection with further improvements shall be subject to the approval of the board before payment. The commissioners appointed under section fourteen A to make further improvements shall present their accounts and vouchers to the board for approval in the same manner as the commissioners appointed under section five to make the original improvements.

Section 14. The commissioners shall at least once a month at such time as the board may require submit to it the accounts and vouchers for expenses incurred in meeting the cost of required improvements under sections one to fourteen B, inclusive. Such accounts and vouchers shall be inspected by the board and if it approves the same it shall forward them to the county treasurer or to the state treasurer, as the case may be, for payment from any funds which may be available for the purpose. Expenses for maintenance or for further improvements incurred under the direction of the prudential committee of the district as provided in section fourteen A shall be paid by the district treasurer on presentation by the prudential committee of accounts and vouchers for such expenses; provided, that accounts and vouchers for expenses incurred in connection with further improvements shall be subject to the approval of the board before payment. The commissioners appointed under section fourteen A to make further improvements shall present their accounts and vouchers to the board for approval in the same manner as the commissioners appointed under section five to make the original improvements.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 183C, sec. 9 — MA Code / Part II / Title I / Chapter 183C / Section 9
Demand for repayment
Status: in_force

Section 9. A high-cost home mortgage loan shall not contain a demand feature that permits the lender to terminate the loan in advance of the original maturity date and to demand repayment of the entire outstanding balance, except in the following circumstances: (1) there is fraud or material misrepresentation by the consumer in connection with the loan that is not induced by the lender, its employees, or agents; (2) the consumer fails to meet the repayment terms of the agreement for any outstanding balance and after the consumer has been contacted in writing and afforded a reasonable opportunity to pay the outstanding balance as outlined within the repayment terms of the agreement; or (3) there is any bona fide action or inaction by the consumer that adversely and materially affects the lender's security for the loan, or any right of the lender in such security as provided in the loan agreement.

Section 9. A high-cost home mortgage loan shall not contain a demand feature that permits the lender to terminate the loan in advance of the original maturity date and to demand repayment of the entire outstanding balance, except in the following circumstances:

(1) there is fraud or material misrepresentation by the consumer in connection with the loan that is not induced by the lender, its employees, or agents;

(2) the consumer fails to meet the repayment terms of the agreement for any outstanding balance and after the consumer has been contacted in writing and afforded a reasonable opportunity to pay the outstanding balance as outlined within the repayment terms of the agreement; or

(3) there is any bona fide action or inaction by the consumer that adversely and materially affects the lender's security for the loan, or any right of the lender in such security as provided in the loan agreement.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 139, sec. 2 — MA Code / Part I / Title XX / Chapter 139 / Section 2
Appeal to superior court; trial by jury; costs
Status: in_force

Section 2. A person aggrieved by such order may appeal to the superior court for the county where such building or other structure is situated, if, within three days after the service of such attested copy upon him, he commences a civil action in such court. Trial by jury shall be had as in other civil causes. The jury may affirm, annul or alter such order, and the court shall render judgment in conformity with said verdict, which shall take effect as an original order. If the order is affirmed, the plaintiff shall pay the costs; if it is annulled, he shall recover from the town his damages, if any, and costs; and if it is altered, the court may render such judgment as to costs as justice shall require. All proceedings hereunder authorized by section ten of chapter one hundred and forty-three, after issue is joined therein, shall be in order for trial and shall have precedence over any case of a different nature pending in said court and then in order for trial.

Section 2. A person aggrieved by such order may appeal to the superior court for the county where such building or other structure is situated, if, within three days after the service of such attested copy upon him, he commences a civil action in such court. Trial by jury shall be had as in other civil causes. The jury may affirm, annul or alter such order, and the court shall render judgment in conformity with said verdict, which shall take effect as an original order. If the order is affirmed, the plaintiff shall pay the costs; if it is annulled, he shall recover from the town his damages, if any, and costs; and if it is altered, the court may render such judgment as to costs as justice shall require. All proceedings hereunder authorized by section ten of chapter one hundred and forty-three, after issue is joined therein, shall be in order for trial and shall have precedence over any case of a different nature pending in said court and then in order for trial.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 214, sec. 4 — MA Code / Part III / Title I / Chapter 214 / Section 4
Process; issuance
Status: in_force

Section 4. Each court may, if necessary to secure justice and equity, issue to courts of inferior jurisdiction, corporations and persons all general and special writs and processes required in a civil action.

Section 4. Each court may, if necessary to secure justice and equity, issue to courts of inferior jurisdiction, corporations and persons all general and special writs and processes required in a civil action.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 27, sec. 1 — MA Code / Part I / Title II / Chapter 27 / Section 1
Department of correction; commissioner; salary; qualifications
Status: in_force

Section 1. There shall be a department of correction, under the supervision and control of a commissioner of correction. The commissioner shall be the executive and administrative head of the department and all officers and employees of the department and all of the correctional institutions of the commonwealth shall be under his supervision and control. The position of commissioner shall be classified in accordance with section forty-five of chapter thirty and the salary shall be determined in accordance with section forty-six C of said chapter thirty and he shall devote his full time during business hours to the duties of his office. The secretary of public safety shall appoint, with the approval of the governor, the commissioner who shall serve at the pleasure of the secretary and may be removed by the secretary at any time, subject to the approval of the governor. Any person appointed to said office shall, at the time of his appointment, have had at least five years of adult correctional administrative experience and have an established record of high character and qualities of leadership.

Section 1. There shall be a department of correction, under the supervision and control of a commissioner of correction. The commissioner shall be the executive and administrative head of the department and all officers and employees of the department and all of the correctional institutions of the commonwealth shall be under his supervision and control. The position of commissioner shall be classified in accordance with section forty-five of chapter thirty and the salary shall be determined in accordance with section forty-six C of said chapter thirty and he shall devote his full time during business hours to the duties of his office. The secretary of public safety shall appoint, with the approval of the governor, the commissioner who shall serve at the pleasure of the secretary and may be removed by the secretary at any time, subject to the approval of the governor. Any person appointed to said office shall, at the time of his appointment, have had at least five years of adult correctional administrative experience and have an established record of high character and qualities of leadership.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 41, sec. 46 — MA Code / Part I / Title VII / Chapter 41 / Section 46
Town treasurer; duties; bond
Status: in_force

Section 46. The town treasurer shall be the custodian of all funds and securities of such trust funds, shall invest and reinvest them and expend therefrom moneys as directed by the commissioners. The treasurer shall furnish a bond satisfactory to them for the faithful performance of his duties.

Section 46. The town treasurer shall be the custodian of all funds and securities of such trust funds, shall invest and reinvest them and expend therefrom moneys as directed by the commissioners. The treasurer shall furnish a bond satisfactory to them for the faithful performance of his duties.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 215, sec. 35 — MA Code / Part III / Title I / Chapter 215 / Section 35
Warrants and commissions; revocation
Status: in_force

Section 35. A warrant or commission for the appraisal of an estate, for examining the claims against insolvent estates, for the partition of land or for the assignment of dower or curtesy or other interests in land, may be revoked by the court for sufficient cause, and a new commission may be issued or other appropriate proceedings taken.

Section 35. A warrant or commission for the appraisal of an estate, for examining the claims against insolvent estates, for the partition of land or for the assignment of dower or curtesy or other interests in land, may be revoked by the court for sufficient cause, and a new commission may be issued or other appropriate proceedings taken.