Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175, sec. 206D — MA Code / Part I / Title XXII / Chapter 175 / Section 206D
Violations of Secs. 206 to 206D or rule issued thereunder; injunctive relief; voting of improperly acquired securities; penalties
Status: in_force

Section 206D. (a)(1) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has committed or is about to commit a violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder, the commissioner may apply to the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county for an order enjoining such insurer or such director, officer, employee or agent thereof from violating or continuing to violate said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any such rule, regulation or order, and for such other equitable relief as the nature of the case and the interest of the insurer's policyholders, creditors and shareholders or the public may require. (2) No security which is the subject of any agreement or arrangement regarding acquisition, or which is acquired or to be acquired, in contravention of the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or of any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder may be voted at any shareholder's meeting, or may be counted for quorum purposes, and any action of shareholders requiring the affirmative vote of a percentage of shares may be taken as though such securities were not issued and outstanding; but no action taken at any such meeting shall be invalidated by the voting of such securities, unless the action would materially affect control of the insurer or unless the courts of this commonwealth have so ordered. If an insurer or the commissioner has reason to believe that any security of the insurer has been or is about to be acquired in contravention of the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder; the insurer or the commissioner may apply to the superior court for the county in which the insurer has its principal place of business to enjoin any offer, request, invitation, agreement or acquisition made in contravention of section two hundred and six B or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder to enjoin the voting of any security so acquired, to void any vote of such security already cast at any meeting of shareholders and for such other equitable relief as the nature of the case and the interest of the insurer's policyholders, creditor and shareholders or the public may require. (3) In any case where a person has acquired or is proposing to acquire any voting securities in violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder, the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county or the superior court department of the trial court for the county in which the insurer has its principal place of business may, on such notice as the court deems appropriate, upon the application of the insurer or the commissioner seize or sequester any voting securities of the insurer owned directly or indirectly by such person, and issue such order with respect thereto as may be appropriate to effectuate the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, for the purposes of said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, the sites of the ownership of the securities of domestic insurers shall be deemed to be in the commonwealth. (b)(1) Any insurer failing, without just cause, to file any registration statement as required in sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be required, after notice and hearing, to pay a penalty of five hundred dollars for each day's delay. The maximum penalty under this section shall be ten thousand dollars. The commissioner may reduce the penalty if the insurer demonstrates to the commissioner that the imposition of the penalty would constitute a financial hardship to the insurer. (2) Every director or officer of an insurance holding company system who knowingly violates, participates in, or assents to, or who knowingly shall permit any of the officers or agents of the insurer to engage in transactions or make investments which have not been properly reported or submitted pursuant to subsection (a), (n) or (r) of section two hundred and six C, or which violate any provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may if so determined by the commissioner, pay, in their individual capacity, a civil forfeiture of not more than five thousand dollars per violation, after notice and hearing before the commissioner. In determining the amount of the civil forfeiture, the commissioner shall take into account the appropriateness of the forfeiture with respect to the gravity of the violation, the history of previous violations, and such other matters as justice may require. (3) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer subject to sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six E, inclusive or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has engaged in any transaction or entered into a contract which is subject to subsections (m) to (w), inclusive, of section two hundred and six C and which would not have been approved had such approval been requested, the commissioner may order the insurer to cease and desist immediately any further activity under that transaction or contract. After notice and hearing the commissioner may also order the insurer to void any such contracts and restore the status quo if such action is in the best interest of the policyholders, creditors or the public. (4) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has committed a willful violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, the commissioner may report the facts to the attorney general or to the proper district attorneys. Any insurer which willfully violates any provision of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be fined not more than ten thousand dollars. Any individual who willfully violates any provision of said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be fined in his individual capacity not more than five thousand dollars per violation. (5) Any officer, director, or employee of an insurance holding company system who willfully and knowingly subscribes to or makes or causes to be made any false statements or false reports or false filings with the intent to deceive the commissioner in the performance of his duties under sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned for not more than two years or fined five thousand dollars, or both such fine and imprisonment. Any fines imposed shall be paid by the officer, director, or employee in his individual capacity. (c) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any person has committed a violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, which so impairs the financial condition of a domestic insurer as to threaten insolvency or make the further transaction of business by it hazardous to its policyholders, creditors, shareholders or the public, then the commissioner may proceed as provided in sections six, one hundred and seventy-eight, one hundred and eighty L, and chapter one hundred and seventy-five J. (d)(1) If an order for liquidation or rehabilitation of a domestic insurer has been entered, the receiver appointed under such order shall have a right to recover on behalf of the insurer, (i) from any parent corporation or holding company or person or affiliate who otherwise controlled the insurer, the amount of distributions, other than distributions of shares of the same class of stock, paid by the insurer on its capital stock, or (ii) any payment in the form of a bonus, termination settlement or extraordinary lump sum salary adjustment made by the insurer or its subsidiaries to a director, officer or employee, where the distribution or payment pursuant to (i) or (ii) is made at any time during the one year preceding the petition for liquidation, conservation or rehabilitation, as the case may be, subject to the limitations of paragraphs (2), (3) and (4). (2) No such distribution shall be recoverable if the parent corporation or affiliate shows that when paid such distribution was lawful and reasonable, and that the insurer did not know and could not reasonably have known that such distribution might adversely affect the ability of the insurer to fulfill its contractual obligations. (3) Any person who was a parent corporation or holding company or a person who otherwise controlled the insurer or affiliate at the time such distributions were paid shall be liable up to the amount of distributions or payments under paragraph (1) such person received. Any person who otherwise controlled the insurer at the time such distributions were declared shall be liable up to the amount of distributions he would have received if they had been paid immediately. If two or more persons are liable with respect to the same distributions, they shall be jointly and severally liable. (4) The maximum amount recoverable under this subsection shall be the amount needed in excess of all other available assets of the impaired or insolvent insurer to pay the contractual obligations of the impaired or insolvent insurer and to reimburse any guaranty funds. (5) To the extent that any person liable under paragraph (3) is insolvent or otherwise fails to pay claims due from it pursuant to said paragraph (3), its parent corporation or holding company or person who otherwise controlled the insurer or affiliate at the time the distribution was paid, shall be jointly and severally liable for any resulting deficiency in the amount recovered from such parent corporation or holding company or person who otherwise controlled it. (e) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any person has committed a violation of any provision of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, which makes the continued operation of an insurer contrary to the interests of policyholders or the public, the commissioner may, after giving notice and an opportunity to be heard, determine to suspend, revoke or refuse to renew such insurer's license or authority to do business in this commonwealth for such period as he finds is required for the protection of policyholders or the public. Any such determination shall be accompanied by specific findings of fact and conclusions of law. (f)(1) Any person aggrieved by any act, determination, rule, regulation, or order or any other action of the commissioner pursuant to sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may appeal therefrom to the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county. The court shall conduct its review without a jury and by trial de novo, except that if all parties, including the commissioner, so stipulate, the review shall be confined to the record. Portions of the record may be introduced by stipulation into evidence in a trial de novo as to those parties so stipulating. (2) The filing of an appeal pursuant to this subsection shall stay the application of any such rule, regulation, order or other action of the commissioner to the appealing party unless the court, after giving such party notice and an opportunity to be heard, determines that such a stay would be detrimental to the interest of policyholders, shareholders, creditors or the public. (3) Any person aggrieved by any failure of the commissioner to act or make a determination required by sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may petition the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county for a writ in the nature of a mandamus or a peremptory mandamus directing the commissioner to act or make such determination forthwith.

Section 206D. (a)(1) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has committed or is about to commit a violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder, the commissioner may apply to the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county for an order enjoining such insurer or such director, officer, employee or agent thereof from violating or continuing to violate said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any such rule, regulation or order, and for such other equitable relief as the nature of the case and the interest of the insurer's policyholders, creditors and shareholders or the public may require.

(2) No security which is the subject of any agreement or arrangement regarding acquisition, or which is acquired or to be acquired, in contravention of the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or of any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder may be voted at any shareholder's meeting, or may be counted for quorum purposes, and any action of shareholders requiring the affirmative vote of a percentage of shares may be taken as though such securities were not issued and outstanding; but no action taken at any such meeting shall be invalidated by the voting of such securities, unless the action would materially affect control of the insurer or unless the courts of this commonwealth have so ordered. If an insurer or the commissioner has reason to believe that any security of the insurer has been or is about to be acquired in contravention of the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder; the insurer or the commissioner may apply to the superior court for the county in which the insurer has its principal place of business to enjoin any offer, request, invitation, agreement or acquisition made in contravention of section two hundred and six B or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder to enjoin the voting of any security so acquired, to void any vote of such security already cast at any meeting of shareholders and for such other equitable relief as the nature of the case and the interest of the insurer's policyholders, creditor and shareholders or the public may require.

(3) In any case where a person has acquired or is proposing to acquire any voting securities in violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive or any rule, regulation or order issued by the commissioner thereunder, the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county or the superior court department of the trial court for the county in which the insurer has its principal place of business may, on such notice as the court deems appropriate, upon the application of the insurer or the commissioner seize or sequester any voting securities of the insurer owned directly or indirectly by such person, and issue such order with respect thereto as may be appropriate to effectuate the provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, for the purposes of said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, the sites of the ownership of the securities of domestic insurers shall be deemed to be in the commonwealth.

(b)(1) Any insurer failing, without just cause, to file any registration statement as required in sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be required, after notice and hearing, to pay a penalty of five hundred dollars for each day's delay. The maximum penalty under this section shall be ten thousand dollars. The commissioner may reduce the penalty if the insurer demonstrates to the commissioner that the imposition of the penalty would constitute a financial hardship to the insurer.

(2) Every director or officer of an insurance holding company system who knowingly violates, participates in, or assents to, or who knowingly shall permit any of the officers or agents of the insurer to engage in transactions or make investments which have not been properly reported or submitted pursuant to subsection (a), (n) or (r) of section two hundred and six C, or which violate any provisions of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may if so determined by the commissioner, pay, in their individual capacity, a civil forfeiture of not more than five thousand dollars per violation, after notice and hearing before the commissioner. In determining the amount of the civil forfeiture, the commissioner shall take into account the appropriateness of the forfeiture with respect to the gravity of the violation, the history of previous violations, and such other matters as justice may require.

(3) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer subject to sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six E, inclusive or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has engaged in any transaction or entered into a contract which is subject to subsections (m) to (w), inclusive, of section two hundred and six C and which would not have been approved had such approval been requested, the commissioner may order the insurer to cease and desist immediately any further activity under that transaction or contract. After notice and hearing the commissioner may also order the insurer to void any such contracts and restore the status quo if such action is in the best interest of the policyholders, creditors or the public.

(4) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any insurer or any director, officer, employee or agent thereof has committed a willful violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, the commissioner may report the facts to the attorney general or to the proper district attorneys. Any insurer which willfully violates any provision of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be fined not more than ten thousand dollars. Any individual who willfully violates any provision of said sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may be fined in his individual capacity not more than five thousand dollars per violation.

(5) Any officer, director, or employee of an insurance holding company system who willfully and knowingly subscribes to or makes or causes to be made any false statements or false reports or false filings with the intent to deceive the commissioner in the performance of his duties under sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned for not more than two years or fined five thousand dollars, or both such fine and imprisonment. Any fines imposed shall be paid by the officer, director, or employee in his individual capacity.

(c) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any person has committed a violation of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, which so impairs the financial condition of a domestic insurer as to threaten insolvency or make the further transaction of business by it hazardous to its policyholders, creditors, shareholders or the public, then the commissioner may proceed as provided in sections six, one hundred and seventy-eight, one hundred and eighty L, and chapter one hundred and seventy-five J.

(d)(1) If an order for liquidation or rehabilitation of a domestic insurer has been entered, the receiver appointed under such order shall have a right to recover on behalf of the insurer, (i) from any parent corporation or holding company or person or affiliate who otherwise controlled the insurer, the amount of distributions, other than distributions of shares of the same class of stock, paid by the insurer on its capital stock, or (ii) any payment in the form of a bonus, termination settlement or extraordinary lump sum salary adjustment made by the insurer or its subsidiaries to a director, officer or employee, where the distribution or payment pursuant to (i) or (ii) is made at any time during the one year preceding the petition for liquidation, conservation or rehabilitation, as the case may be, subject to the limitations of paragraphs (2), (3) and (4).

(2) No such distribution shall be recoverable if the parent corporation or affiliate shows that when paid such distribution was lawful and reasonable, and that the insurer did not know and could not reasonably have known that such distribution might adversely affect the ability of the insurer to fulfill its contractual obligations.

(3) Any person who was a parent corporation or holding company or a person who otherwise controlled the insurer or affiliate at the time such distributions were paid shall be liable up to the amount of distributions or payments under paragraph (1) such person received. Any person who otherwise controlled the insurer at the time such distributions were declared shall be liable up to the amount of distributions he would have received if they had been paid immediately. If two or more persons are liable with respect to the same distributions, they shall be jointly and severally liable.

(4) The maximum amount recoverable under this subsection shall be the amount needed in excess of all other available assets of the impaired or insolvent insurer to pay the contractual obligations of the impaired or insolvent insurer and to reimburse any guaranty funds.

(5) To the extent that any person liable under paragraph (3) is insolvent or otherwise fails to pay claims due from it pursuant to said paragraph (3), its parent corporation or holding company or person who otherwise controlled the insurer or affiliate at the time the distribution was paid, shall be jointly and severally liable for any resulting deficiency in the amount recovered from such parent corporation or holding company or person who otherwise controlled it.

(e) Whenever it appears to the commissioner that any person has committed a violation of any provision of sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, which makes the continued operation of an insurer contrary to the interests of policyholders or the public, the commissioner may, after giving notice and an opportunity to be heard, determine to suspend, revoke or refuse to renew such insurer's license or authority to do business in this commonwealth for such period as he finds is required for the protection of policyholders or the public. Any such determination shall be accompanied by specific findings of fact and conclusions of law.

(f)(1) Any person aggrieved by any act, determination, rule, regulation, or order or any other action of the commissioner pursuant to sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may appeal therefrom to the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county. The court shall conduct its review without a jury and by trial de novo, except that if all parties, including the commissioner, so stipulate, the review shall be confined to the record. Portions of the record may be introduced by stipulation into evidence in a trial de novo as to those parties so stipulating.

(2) The filing of an appeal pursuant to this subsection shall stay the application of any such rule, regulation, order or other action of the commissioner to the appealing party unless the court, after giving such party notice and an opportunity to be heard, determines that such a stay would be detrimental to the interest of policyholders, shareholders, creditors or the public.

(3) Any person aggrieved by any failure of the commissioner to act or make a determination required by sections two hundred and six to two hundred and six D, inclusive, may petition the superior court department of the trial court for Suffolk county for a writ in the nature of a mandamus or a peremptory mandamus directing the commissioner to act or make such determination forthwith.