FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
La. Ch. Code art. 616.1.1 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 616.1.1
Appeal and review; correction of central registry entries; procedure
Status: in_force

A. When a report alleging abuse or neglect is substantiated by the department, the individual who is or was the subject of the determination may make a formal written request to the division of administrative law for an administrative appeal of the substantiated determination, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Title 67 of the Louisiana Administrative Code.

B. When a report alleging abuse or neglect is determined to be inconclusive by the department, there shall be an internal second level approval of any inconclusive finding.

C. The department shall provide a written notice to the individual who is or was the subject of the determination in clear, concise, and understandable language that is easy to read, containing all of the following:

(1) An explanation of the determination by the department.

(2) An explanation of the consequences of the determination.

(3) The individual's right to an administrative appeal.

(4) The specific procedure for requesting an appeal, including the deadline.

(5) The name and contact information of a department representative the individual may contact for additional information.

D. The department shall promulgate, in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, all rules and regulations necessary to implement the provisions of this Article.

Acts 2017, No. 348, §1, eff. upon promulgation and publication by DCFS rules; Acts 2022, No. 535, §1; Acts 2024, No. 507, §5; Acts 2025, No. 409, §7.
La. Civ. Code art. 689 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 689
Enclosed estate; right of passage
Status: in_force

A. The owner of an estate that has no access to a public road may claim a right of passage over neighboring property to the nearest public road. The owner is bound to compensate the neighbor for the right of passage acquired.

B. The right to demand compensation from the owner of the enclosed estate may become barred by prescription. The accrual of prescription has no effect on the right of passage due to the owner of the enclosed estate.

Acts 1977, No. 514, §1; Acts 2012, No. 739, §1; Acts 2025, No. 27, §1.
La. Civ. Code art. 3197 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 3197
Costs for the general benefit of creditors.
Status: in_force

The cost of affixing seals and making inventories for the better* preservation of the debtor's property, those which occur in cases of failure or cession of property, for the general benefit of creditors, such as fees to lawyers appointed by the court to represent absent creditors, commissions to syndics; and finally, costs incurred for the administration of estates which are either vacant or belonging to absent heirs, enjoy the privileges established in favor of law charges.

*"Better" has no counterpart in French text.
La. Code Crim. Proc. art. 862 — LA Code / Code code-of-criminal-procedure / Article 862
Effect of sustaining motion in arrest of judgment
Status: in_force

If the judgment is arrested because of a defect in the indictment, the indictment shall be dismissed and the defendant shall be discharged as to that indictment. However, a new indictment may be filed within the time limitation stated in Article 576.

If the judgment is arrested because the court is without jurisdiction of the case, the defendant shall be discharged, but may be tried by a court of proper jurisdiction.

If the judgment is arrested because the wrong type of tribunal tried the case, or because the verdict is not responsive to the indictment or is otherwise fatally defective, the defendant shall be remanded to custody or bail to await a new trial.

If the judgment is arrested on any other ground, the defendant shall be discharged.
La. Code Crim. Proc. art. 941 — LA Code / Code code-of-criminal-procedure / Article 941
Legislative findings
Status: in_force

The legislature hereby finds and declares the following:

(1) The state of Louisiana could suffer future catastrophic damage through the occurrence of emergencies and disasters of unprecedented size and destructiveness resulting from terrorist events, enemy attack, sabotage, or other hostile action, or from fire, flood, earthquake, or other natural or manmade causes resulting in the displacement of residents or the destruction of or severe damage to courthouses and other facilities supporting the criminal justice system.

(2) The magnitude of such catastrophic events may cause a disruption of the criminal justice system in any parish directly impacted by the emergency or disaster.

(3) The response to such an emergency or disaster should ensure the continued effective operation and integrity of the state's criminal justice system while minimizing adverse effects on the interests of the defendant and the state.

(4) Considering these factors, the Legislature of Louisiana, exercising its authority vested in Article III and Article VI, Section 3 of the Constitution of Louisiana, and recognizing the necessity of creating a classification of parishes based upon the need to conduct emergency sessions of court, does hereby enact the provisions of this Title to provide for the effective operation and integrity of the criminal justice system during times of emergency or disaster.

Acts 2005, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 52, §1, eff. Dec. 6, 2005.
La. Ch. Code art. 302 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 302
Juvenile jurisdiction of courts
Status: in_force

Juvenile jurisdiction shall be exercised as follows:

(1) Special juvenile courts created by law for Caddo, Orleans, Jefferson, and East Baton Rouge Parishes shall have exclusive original juvenile jurisdiction, and any other jurisdiction conferred by the statute creating them, in the parish or parishes for which they are created. Judges of these courts shall exercise their juvenile jurisdiction according to the provisions of this Code.

(2) District courts, except where a separate juvenile court with exclusive original juvenile jurisdiction is established by law, shall have original juvenile jurisdiction for the parish or parishes within their district.

(3) Parish courts, except where a separate juvenile court with exclusive original juvenile jurisdiction is established by law, shall have original juvenile jurisdiction for their parish. This jurisdiction shall be concurrent with that of the district court.

(4) City courts, except where a separate juvenile court with exclusive original juvenile jurisdiction is established by law, shall have original juvenile jurisdiction for their territorial jurisdiction. This jurisdiction shall be concurrent with that of the district court.

Acts 1991, No. 235, §3, eff. Jan. 1, 1992.
La. Civ. Code art. 745 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 745
Right to enter into the servient estate.
Status: in_force

The owner of the dominant estate has the right to enter with his workmen and equipment into the part of the servient estate that is needed for the construction or repair of works required for the use and preservation of the servitude. He may deposit materials to be used for the works and the debris that may result, under the obligation of causing the least possible damage and of removing them as soon as possible.

Acts 1977, No. 514, §1.
La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 2851 — LA Code / Code code-of-civil-procedure / Article 2851
Petition for probate
Status: in_force

If the deceased is believed to have died testate, any person who considers that he has an interest in opening the succession may petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the probate and execution of the testament.
La. Civ. Code art. 3448 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 3448
Prescription of nonuse
Status: in_force

Prescription of nonuse is a mode of extinction of a real right other than ownership as a result of failure to exercise the right for a period of time.

Acts 1982, No. 187, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1983.
La. Civ. Code art. 1835 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 1835
Authentic act constitutes full proof between parties and heirs
Status: in_force

An authentic act constitutes full proof of the agreement it contains, as against the parties, their heirs, and successors by universal or particular title.

Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
La. Civ. Code art. 806 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 806
Expenses of maintenance and management
Status: in_force

A co-owner who on account of the thing held in indivision has incurred necessary expenses, expenses for ordinary maintenance and repairs, or necessary management expenses paid to a third person, is entitled to reimbursement from the other co-owners in proportion to their shares.

If the co-owner who incurred the expenses had the enjoyment of the thing held in indivision, his reimbursement shall be reduced in proportion to the value of the enjoyment.

Acts 1990, No. 990, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
La. Civ. Code art. 1840 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 1840
Copy of authentic act
Status: in_force

When certified by the notary public or other officer before whom the act was passed, a copy of an authentic act constitutes proof of the contents of the original, unless the copy is proved to be incorrect.

Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
La. Code Crim. Proc. art. 21 — LA Code / Code code-of-criminal-procedure / Article 21
Direct contempt
Status: in_force

A direct contempt of court is one committed in the immediate view and presence of the court and of which it has personal knowledge; or, a contumacious failure to comply with a subpoena, summons or order to appear in court, proof of service of which appears of record; or, a contumacious failure to comply with an order sequestering a witness.

A direct contempt includes, but is not limited to, any of the following acts:

(1) Contumacious failure, after notice, to appear for arraignment or trial on the day fixed therefor;

(2) Contumacious failure to comply with a subpoena or summons to appear in court, proof of service of which appears of record;

(3) Contumacious violation of an order excluding, separating, or sequestering a witness;

(4) Refusal to take the oath or affirmation as a witness, or refusal of a witness to answer a nonincriminating question when ordered to do so by the court;

(5) Contumacious, insolent, or disorderly behavior toward the judge or an attorney or other officer of the court, tending to interrupt or interfere with the business of the court or to impair its dignity or respect for its authority;

(6) Breach of the peace, boisterous conduct, or violent disturbance tending to interrupt or interfere with the business of the court or to impair its dignity or respect for its authority;

(7) Use of insulting, abusive, or discourteous language by an attorney or other person in open court, or in a motion, plea, brief, or other document, filed with the court, in irrelevant criticism of another attorney or of a judge or officer of the court;

(8) Violation of a rule of the court adopted to maintain order and decorum in the court room; or

(9) Contumacious failure to attend court as a member of a jury venire or to serve as a juror after being accepted as such when proof of service of the subpoena appears of record.
La. Civ. Code art. 2461 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 2461
Inclusion of accessories
Status: in_force

The sale of a thing includes all accessories intended for its use in accordance with the law of property.

Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
La. Ch. Code art. 1034.2 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 1034.2
Reason to know a child is an Indian child; federal Indian Child Welfare Act
Status: in_force

Upon conducting the inquiry required by Article 1034.1, a court has reason to know that a child is an Indian child if any of the following occurs:

(1) A person before the court, an officer of the court involved in the proceeding, an Indian tribe, an Indian organization, or an agency informs the court that the child is an Indian child.

(2) A person before the court, an officer of the court involved in the proceeding, an Indian tribe, an Indian organization, or an agency informs the court that it has discovered information indicating that the child is an Indian child.

(3) The child who is the subject of the proceeding gives the court reason to know that he is an Indian child.

(4) The court is informed that the domicile or residence of the child, the child's parent, or the child's Indian custodian is on a reservation or in an Alaska Native village.

(5) The court is informed that the child is or has been a ward of a Tribal court.

(6) The court is informed that either parent or the child possesses an identification card indicating membership in an Indian tribe.

Acts 2018, No. 296, §1.
La. Civ. Code art. 2318 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 2318
Acts of a minor
Status: in_force

The father and the mother are responsible for the damage occasioned by their minor child, who resides with them or who has been placed by them under the care of other persons, reserving to them recourse against those persons. However, the father and mother are not responsible for the damage occasioned by their minor child who has been emancipated by marriage, by judgment of full emancipation, or by judgment of limited emancipation that expressly relieves the parents of liability for damages occasioned by their minor child.

The same responsibility attaches to the tutors of minors.

Acts 1984, No. 578, §1; Acts 2008, No. 786, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2009.
La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 2452 — LA Code / Code code-of-civil-procedure / Article 2452
Court where motion filed and examination conducted
Status: in_force

A. Except as provided in Paragraph B, the written motion for the examination of a judgment debtor shall be filed, and the proceedings conducted, in the court which rendered the judgment.

B. If the judgment debtor is an individual who is domiciled in the state but not in the parish where the judgment was rendered, or who has changed his domicile to another parish after the institution of the suit, the written motion for his examination shall be filed, and the examination conducted, in a court of competent jurisdiction in the parish of his then domicile or where the judgment was rendered or where the debt that has been reduced to judgment was incurred. If the judgment debtor is a nonresident, the petition for his examination shall be filed, and the examination conducted, in a court of competent jurisdiction in any parish where he may be found, or in the court which rendered the judgment. In any case mentioned in this Paragraph, a certified copy of the judgment shall be attached to the written motion for examination.

Amended by Acts 1988, No. 37, §1, eff. June 10, 1988; Acts 2007, No. 433, §1.
La. Civ. Code art. 3544 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 3544
Issues of loss distribution and financial protection
Status: in_force

Issues pertaining to loss distribution and financial protection are governed, as between a person injured by an offense or quasi-offense and the person who caused the injury, by the law designated in the following order:

(1) If, at the time of the injury, the injured person and the person who caused the injury were domiciled in the same state, by the law of that state. Persons domiciled in states whose law on the particular issue is substantially identical shall be treated as if domiciled in the same state.

(2) If, at the time of the injury, the injured person and the person who caused the injury were domiciled in different states: (a) when both the injury and the conduct that caused it occurred in one of those states, by the law of that state; and (b) when the injury and the conduct that caused it occurred in different states, by the law of the state in which the injury occurred, provided that (i) the injured person was domiciled in that state, (ii) the person who caused the injury should have foreseen its occurrence in that state, and (iii) the law of that state provided for a higher standard of financial protection for the injured person than did the law of the state in which the injurious conduct occurred.

Acts 1991, No. 923, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1992.
La. Ch. Code art. 777 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 777
Disposition hearing; time; obligation of agency representative
Status: in_force

A. Prior to entering a judgment of disposition, the court shall conduct a disposition hearing.

B. This hearing may be conducted immediately after the adjudication and shall be conducted within thirty days after the adjudication. Such period may be extended for good cause.

C. At the hearing, the court shall inform any employee of a public institution or agency designated by its director to represent the agency in this matter that he will be deemed personally responsible for his agency's cooperation in the providing of services to the family unless in writing, the director of the institution or agency subsequently informs the court that some other individual within its administration is to be substituted for him.

Acts 1991, No. 235, §7.
La. Civ. Code art. 3122 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 3122
Scope of arbitrators' authority.
Status: in_force

The authority of arbitrators extend [extends] only to the things contained in the submission, unless it has been stated that they shall have power to decide all disputes which may arise between the parties in the course of the arbitration.
La. Civ. Code art. 458 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 458
Works obstructing the public use.
Status: in_force

Works built without lawful permit on public things, including the sea, the seashore, and the bottom of natural navigable waters, or on the banks of navigable rivers, that obstruct the public use may be removed at the expense of the persons who built or own them at the instance of the public authorities, or of any person residing in the state.

The owner of the works may not prevent their removal by alleging prescription or possession.

Acts 1978, No. 728, §1.
La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 2822 — LA Code / Code code-of-civil-procedure / Article 2822
Requirements of affidavit evidence
Status: in_force

The affidavits referred to in Article 2821 shall be executed by two persons having knowledge of the facts sworn to. These affidavits shall be filed in the record of the succession proceeding.
La. Ch. Code art. 1161 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 1161
Official Safe Haven symbol
Status: in_force

A. The legislature hereby creates an official Safe Haven symbol for use in identifying to the public those sites which are classified as designated emergency care facilities pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter, and for any other use which the department deems necessary or advantageous in fulfilling the purposes set forth in this Chapter. The design and promulgation of the symbol shall be in accordance with the provisions of this Article.

B.(1) The general design of the Safe Haven symbol shall be as follows: Two solid lines, each oriented diagonally, meeting to form an apex in the style of a gable roof; superimposed upon and just underneath the image of the roof being a stylized figure symbolic of an infant, oriented almost horizontally, consisting of a circle representing the infant's head proximate to or adjoining an oval representing the infant's body; superimposed upon and just underneath the figure of the infant being a stylized figure symbolic of the lower two-thirds of an arm and a hand of a person, oriented almost horizontally and opposite the direction in which the infant's head lies, with the figure of the arm bent in curvilinear form upward from the position of the elbow in a cradling posture; the design elements, collectively, giving the appearance of an infant cradled in the arm of a person under the shelter of a roof. The color of these design elements shall be black.

(2) The department shall promulgate in rule the image that shall constitute the official Safe Haven symbol.

C. The department is hereby authorized, but is not required, to produce electronic and physical copies of the Safe Haven symbol with any of the following features individually or in any combination:

(1) Text reading "SAFE BABY SITE" in all capital letters appearing above the symbol.

(2) A background that is either white or a shade of yellow typically used for traffic warning signs indicating necessity of caution.

Acts 2016, No. 84, §1.
La. Ch. Code art. 1279.1 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 1279.1
Short title; citation
Status: in_force

This Chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Louisiana Has Faith in Families Act".

Acts 2013, No. 66, §1, eff. May 31, 2013.
La. Civ. Code art. 2038 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 2038
Onerous contract made by the obligor
Status: in_force

An obligee may annul an onerous contract made by the obligor with a person who knew or should have known that the contract would cause or increase the obligor's insolvency. In that case, the person is entitled to recover what he gave in return only to the extent that it has inured to the benefit of the obligor's creditors.

An obligee may annul an onerous contract made by the obligor with a person who did not know that the contract would cause or increase the obligor's insolvency, but in that case that person is entitled to recover as much as he gave to the obligor. That lack of knowledge is presumed when that person has given at least four-fifths of the value of the thing obtained in return from the obligor.

Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
La. Civ. Code art. 2910 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 2910
Substance and place of performance
Status: in_force

The borrower is bound to render performance at the place agreed upon. When the place for performance is not fixed in the contract, performance shall be rendered at the place where the loan is contracted.

Acts 2004, No. 743, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2005.
La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 860 — LA Code / Code code-of-civil-procedure / Article 860
Same; time and place
Status: in_force

For the purpose of testing the sufficiency of a pleading, allegations of time and place are material and shall be considered as all other allegations of material matter.
La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 2703 — LA Code / Code code-of-civil-procedure / Article 2703
Rights of third possessor
Status: in_force

When property sold or otherwise alienated by the original debtor or his legal successor has been seized and is about to be sold under executory process, a person who has acquired the property subject to the mortgage or privilege thereon and who has not assumed the payment of the indebtedness secured thereby may:

(1) Pay the balance due on the indebtedness, in principal, interest, attorney's fees, and costs;

(2) Arrest the seizure and sale on any of the grounds mentioned in Article 2751, or on the ground that the mortgage or privilege was not recorded, or that the inscription of the recordation thereof had perempted; or,

(3) Intervene in the executory proceeding to assert any claim which he has to the enhanced value of the property due to improvements placed on the property by him, or by any prior third possessor through whom he claims ownership of the property. This intervention shall be a summary proceeding initiated by a petition complying with Article 891.
La. Civ. Code art. 99 — LA Code / Code civil-code / Article 99
Family authority
Status: in_force

Spouses mutually assume the moral and material direction of the family, exercise parental authority, and assume the moral and material obligations resulting therefrom.

Acts 1987, No. 886, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1988.
La. Ch. Code art. 1562 — LA Code / Code childrens-code / Article 1562
Immunity
Status: in_force

No hospital, physician, or other person authorized by law to provide medical or surgical care shall be held liable for providing such care for a terminally ill child protected by this Chapter when both:

(1) In the opinion of the hospital, physician, or other person authorized by law to provide medical or surgical care, exercising competent medical judgment, the child's life would be threatened by delaying the provision of medical care or treatment.

(2) The child's parent or guardian has wrongfully refused to consent to such medical care or treatment.

Acts 1991, No. 235, §15, eff. Jan. 1, 1992.