FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Iowa Code § 704.2 — IA Code / Title XVI / Chapter 704 / Section 704.2
Deadly force.
Status: in_force

(1) The term “deadly force” means any of the following:

(1) (a) Force used for the purpose of causing serious injury.

(1) (b) Force which the actor knows or reasonably should know will create a strong probability that serious injury will result.

(1) (c) The discharge of a firearm, other than a firearm loaded with less lethal munitions and discharged by a peace officer, corrections officer, or corrections official in the line of duty, in the direction of some person with the knowledge of the person’s presence there, even though no intent to inflict serious physical injury can be shown.

(1) (d) The discharge of a firearm, other than a firearm loaded with less lethal munitions and discharged by a peace officer, corrections officer, or corrections official in the line of duty, at a vehicle in which a person is known to be.

(2) “Deadly force” does not include a threat to cause serious injury or death, by the production, display, or brandishing of a deadly weapon, as long as the actions of the person are limited to creating an expectation that the person may use deadly force to defend oneself, another, or as otherwise authorized by law.

(3) As used in this section, “less lethal munitions” means projectiles which are designed to stun, temporarily incapacitate, or cause temporary discomfort to a person without penetrating the person’s body.

[C79, 81, §704.2]97 Acts, ch 166, §1, 2; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §197; 2017 Acts, ch 69, §38
Iowa Code § 496B.8 — IA Code / Title XII / Chapter 496B / Section 496B.8
Stockholders’ privileges.
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any rule at common law or any provision of any general or special law or any provision in their respective articles of incorporation, agreements of association, or trust indentures:

(1) Any person, as defined in the Iowa business corporation Act, chapter 490, is hereby authorized to acquire, purchase, hold, sell, assign, transfer, mortgage, pledge, or otherwise dispose of any bond, security or other evidences of indebtedness created by, or the shares of the capital stock of, development corporations, and while owners of said shares to exercise all the rights, powers and privileges of ownership, including the right to vote thereon, all without the approval of any regulatory agency of this state.

(2) Any financial institution is hereby authorized to become a member of a development corporation and to make loans to such corporation.

(3) Any financial institution which does not become a member of a development corporation shall not be permitted to acquire any shares of the capital stock of such development corporation.

(4) Each financial institution which becomes a member of a development corporation is hereby authorized to acquire, purchase, hold, sell, assign, mortgage, pledge, or otherwise dispose of any bonds, securities or other evidences of indebtedness created by, or the shares of the capital stock of, the development corporation of which it is a member, and while owners of such shares to exercise all rights, powers and privileges of ownership, including the right to vote thereon, all without the approval of any regulatory agency of this state; provided that the amount of the capital stock of any development corporation which may be acquired by any member pursuant to the authority granted herein shall not exceed ten percent of the loan limit of such member. The amount of capital stock of a development corporation which any member is authorized to acquire pursuant to the authority granted herein is in addition to the amount of capital stock in other corporations which such member may otherwise be authorized to acquire.

[C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §496B.8]89 Acts, ch 180, §2; 2001 Acts, ch 24, §64
Iowa Code § 455B.302 — IA Code / Title XI / Chapter 455B / Section 455B.302
Duty of cities and counties — agreements — liens.
Status: in_force

(1) Every city and county of this state shall provide for the establishment and operation of a comprehensive solid waste reduction program consistent with the waste management hierarchy under section 455B.301A, and a sanitary disposal project for final disposal of solid waste by its residents. Comprehensive programs and sanitary disposal projects may be established either separately or through cooperative efforts for the joint use of the participating public agencies as provided by law.

(2) Cities and counties may execute with public and private agencies contracts, leases, or other necessary instruments, and may purchase land and do all things necessary not prohibited by law for the implementation of waste management programs, collection of solid waste, establishment and operation of sanitary disposal projects, and general administration of the same. Any agreement executed with a private agency for the operation of a sanitary disposal project shall provide for the posting of a sufficient surety bond by the private agency conditioned upon the faithful performance of the agreement. A city or county may at any time during regular working hours enter upon the premises of a sanitary disposal project, including the premises of a sanitary landfill, in order to inspect the premises and monitor the operations and general administration of the project to ensure compliance with the agreement and with state and federal laws. This includes the right of the city or county to enter upon the premises of a former sanitary disposal project which has been closed, including the premises of a former sanitary landfill, owned by a private agency, for the purpose of providing required postclosure care.

(3) A city or county which provides closure or postclosure care on the premises of a sanitary landfill owned by a private agency, shall have a lien upon the property to secure payment for the amount of materials and labor expended by the city or county to perform the required closure or postclosure care on the premises. The lien shall be recordable and collectible in the same manner as provided in section 424.11, Code 2016. The lien shall attach at the time the city or county incurs expenses to provide closure or postclosure care on the premises of the sanitary landfill. The lien shall be valid as against subsequent mortgagees, purchasers, or judgment creditors, for value and without notice of the lien, only upon filing a notice of the lien with the recorder of the county in which the property is located. Upon payment, the city or county shall release the lien. If no lien has been recorded at the time the property is sold or transferred, the property shall not be subject to a lien or claim for any closure or postclosure costs incurred by the city or county.

[C71, §406.3; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §455B.76]C83, §455B.30288 Acts, ch 1169, §4; 89 Acts, ch 272, §28; 94 Acts, ch 1044, §1; 2016 Acts, ch 1011, §121; 2016 Acts, ch 1105, §3, 15; 2017 Acts, ch 29, §127
Iowa Code § 161A.80 — IA Code / Title V / Chapter 161A / Section 161A.80
Blufflands protection program and revolving fund.
Status: repealed

Repealed by its own terms; 98 Acts, ch 1219, §17; 2005 Acts, ch 178, §17. See §161A.80A.
Iowa Code § 554.1106 — IA Code / Title XIII / Chapter 554 / Section 554.1106
Use of singular and plural — gender.
Status: in_force

In this chapter, unless the statutory context otherwise requires:

(1) words in the singular number include the plural, and those in the plural include the singular; and

(2) words of any gender also refer to any other gender.

2007 Acts, ch 41, §7, 57
Iowa Code § 229.43 — IA Code / Title VI / Chapter 229 / Section 229.43
Nonresident patients state mental health institutes.
Status: in_force

The department may place patients of state mental health institutes who are nonresidents on convalescent leave to a private sponsor or in a health care facility licensed under chapter 135C, when in the opinion of the director the placement is in the best interests of the patient and the state of Iowa. If the patient was involuntarily hospitalized, the district court which ordered hospitalization of the patient shall be informed when the patient is placed on convalescent leave, as required by section 229.15, subsection 5.

[C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3446; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §222.36; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §229.43]2000 Acts, ch 1112, §40; 2012 Acts, ch 1120, §105, 130; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §532
Iowa Code § 280.10 — IA Code / Title VII / Chapter 280 / Section 280.10
Eye-protective devices.
Status: in_force

(1) (a) Every student and teacher in any public or nonpublic school shall wear industrial quality eye-protective devices at all times while participating, and while in a room or other enclosed area where others are participating, in any phase or activity of a course which may subject the student or teacher to the risk or hazard of eye injury from the materials or processes used in any of the following courses:

(1) (a) Career and technical education programs or laboratories involving experience with any of the following:

(1) (a) Hot molten metals.

(1) (a) Milling, sawing, turning, shaping, cutting, grinding, or stamping of any solid materials.

(1) (a) Heat treatment, tempering, or kiln firing of any metal or other materials.

(1) (a) Gas or electric arc welding.

(1) (a) Repair or servicing of any vehicle while in the shop.

(1) (a) Caustic or explosive materials.

(1) (a) Chemical or combined chemical-physical laboratories involving caustic or explosive chemicals or hot liquids or solids when risk is involved.

(1) (b) Visitors to such shops and laboratories shall be furnished with and required to wear the necessary safety devices while such programs are in progress.

(2) It shall be the duty of the teacher or other person supervising the students in said courses to see that the above requirements are complied with. Any student failing to comply with such requirements may be temporarily suspended from participation in the course and the registration of a student for the course may be canceled for willful, flagrant, or repeated failure to observe the above requirements.

(3) The board of directors of each local public school district and the authorities in charge of each nonpublic school shall provide the safety devices required herein. Such devices may be paid for from the general fund, but the board may require students and teachers to pay for the safety devices and shall make them available to students and teachers at no more than the actual cost to the district or school.

(4) “Industrial quality eye-protective devices”, as used in this section, means devices meeting American national standard practice for occupational and educational eye and face protection promulgated by the American national standards institute, inc.

[C66, 71, 73, §280.20; C75, 77, 79, 81, §280.10]2009 Acts, ch 41, §249; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §67; 2016 Acts, ch 1108, §64
Iowa Code § 455G.2A — IA Code / Title XI / Chapter 455G / Section 455G.2A
Standards and classifications of motor fuel.
Status: repealed

Repealed by 2024 Acts, ch 1054, §13.
Iowa Code § 222.23 — IA Code / Title VI / Chapter 222 / Section 222.23
Persons to be present.
Status: repealed

Repealed by 2013 Acts, ch 130, §34, 35.
Iowa Code § 504.1502 — IA Code / Title XII / Chapter 504 / Section 504.1502
Consequences of transacting business without authority.
Status: in_force

(1) A foreign corporation transacting business in this state without a certificate of authority shall not maintain a proceeding in any court in this state until it obtains a certificate of authority.

(2) The successor to a foreign corporation that transacted business in this state without a certificate of authority and the assignee of a cause of action arising out of that business shall not maintain a proceeding on that cause of action in any court in this state until the foreign corporation or its successor obtains a certificate of authority.

(3) A court may stay a proceeding commenced by a foreign corporation, its successor, or assignee until the court determines whether the foreign corporation or its successor requires a certificate of authority. If it so determines, the court may further stay the proceeding until the foreign corporation or its successor obtains the certificate.

(4) A foreign corporation is liable for a civil penalty of an amount not to exceed a total of one thousand dollars if it transacts business in this state without a certificate of authority. The attorney general may collect all penalties due under this subsection.

(5) Notwithstanding subsections 1 and 2, the failure of a foreign corporation to obtain a certificate of authority does not impair the validity of its corporate acts or prevent it from defending any proceeding in this state.

2004 Acts, ch 1049, §154, 192
Iowa Code § 462B.8 — IA Code / Title XI / Chapter 462B / Section 462B.8
Designation.
Status: in_force

The commission may adopt the management plan and may permanently designate the area into the protected water area system. Upon the commission adopting the management plan and permanently designating the area as a protected water area, the commission may submit the management plan to the legislature for funding consideration.

84 Acts, ch 1261, §10C85, §108A.8C93, §462B.8
Iowa Code § 619.19 — IA Code / Title XV / Chapter 619 / Section 619.19
Verification not required affidavits.
Status: in_force

(1) Pleadings need not be verified unless otherwise required by statute. Where a pleading is verified, it is not necessary that subsequent pleadings be verified unless otherwise required by statute.

(2) The signature of a party, the party’s legal counsel, or any other person representing the party, to a motion, pleading, or other paper is a certificate that:

(2) (a) The person has read the motion, pleading, or other paper.

(2) (b) To the best of the person’s knowledge, information, and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, it is grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.

(2) (c) It is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or cause an unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.

(3) If a motion, pleading, or other paper is not signed, it shall be stricken unless it is signed promptly after the omission is called to the attention of the pleader or movant.

(4) If a motion, pleading, or other paper is signed in violation of this section, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person signing, the represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the motion, pleading, or other paper, including a reasonable attorney fee.

86 Acts, ch 1211, §38; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §186
Iowa Code § 148B.3A — IA Code / Title IV / Chapter 148B / Section 148B.3A
Referral.
Status: in_force

Occupational therapy may be provided by an occupational therapist without referral from a physician, podiatric physician, dentist, or chiropractor, except that a hospital may require that occupational therapy provided in the hospital be performed only following prior review by and authorization of the performance of the occupational therapy by a member of the hospital medical staff.

2000 Acts, ch 1140, §34
Iowa Code § 84D.3 — IA Code / Title III / Chapter 84D / Section 84D.3
Iowa office of apprenticeship.
Status: in_force

(1) The Iowa office of apprenticeship is established within the department of workforce development in accordance with 29 U.S.C. §50 and 29 C.F.R. pts. 29 and 30. The office is operated and managed by the director or the director’s designee.

(2) The office is established for all of the following purposes:

(2) (a) To serve as the state registration agency.

(2) (b) To establish labor standards for quality pre-apprenticeships, youth apprenticeships, registered apprenticeships, and apprenticeships.

(2) (c) To establish rules regarding the registration of quality pre-apprenticeship programs, registered youth apprenticeship programs, registered apprenticeship programs, and apprenticeship programs in the state when the sponsor of such programs chooses to certify or register the programs with the office.

(2) (d) To resolve disputes between parties to an apprenticeship agreement.

2023 Acts, ch 72, §3
Iowa Code § 190C.1A — IA Code / Title V / Chapter 190C / Section 190C.1A
Other definitions.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter, words and phrases that are not defined in section 190C.1 shall have the same meanings as provided in 7 C.F.R. pt. 205.

2003 Acts, ch 104, §2, 21
Iowa Code § 354.25 — IA Code / Title IX / Chapter 354 / Section 354.25
Survey and replat of official plats.
Status: in_force

(1) A survey of an official plat shall conform as nearly as possible to the original lot lines shown on the official plat. The surveyor may summon witnesses, administer oaths, and prepare affidavits and boundary line agreements as necessary in order to establish the location of property lines or lot lines. If a substantial error is discovered in an official plat or if it is found to be materially defective, a proprietor may petition the governing body which would have jurisdiction to approve the plat at the time the petition is filed for a replat of any part of the official plat. Notice of the proposed replat shall be served, in the manner of original notice as provided in Iowa rules of civil procedure, to the proprietors of record and holders of easements specifically recorded within the area to be replatted. The governing body has jurisdiction of the matter upon proof of publication of notice of the petition once each week for two weeks in a newspaper of general circulation within the area of the replat.

(2) All of the following shall apply to a replat of an official plat ordered by the governing body:

(2) (a) The replat shall be prepared by a surveyor pursuant to chapter 355 and recorded.

(2) (b) The replat shall be exempt from the provisions of section 354.11.

(2) (c) The replat shall have attached to the plat a statement by the surveyor that the replat is prepared at the direction of the governing body.

(3) The costs of the replat shall be presented to the auditor and assessed against the property included in the replat as provided for in section 354.17.

90 Acts, ch 1236, §39C91, §409A.25C93, §354.252010 Acts, ch 1069, §121
Iowa Code § 222.78 — IA Code / Title VI / Chapter 222 / Section 222.78
Parents and others liable for support.
Status: in_force

(1) The father and mother of any patient admitted to a resource center, as either an inpatient or an outpatient, and any person, firm, or corporation bound by contract made for support of the patient, are liable for the support of the patient. The patient and those legally bound for the support of the patient shall be liable to the state for all sums advanced relating to reasonable attorney fees and court costs for the patient’s admission to the resource center, and for the treatment, training, instruction, care, habilitation, support, transportation, or other expenditures made on behalf of the patient pursuant to this chapter.

(2) The liability of any person, other than the patient, who is legally bound for the support of a patient who is under eighteen years of age in a resource center or a special unit shall not exceed the average minimum cost of the care of a minor without an intellectual disability of the same age and sex as the minor patient. The department shall establish the scale for this purpose but the scale shall not exceed the standards for personal allowances established under the family investment program. The father or mother shall incur liability only during any period when the father or mother either individually or jointly receive a net income from whatever source, commensurate with that upon which they would be liable to make an income tax payment to this state. The father or mother of a patient shall not be liable for the support of the patient upon the patient attaining eighteen years of age. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a relative or other person from voluntarily paying the full actual cost as established by the department for caring for the patient with an intellectual disability.

[C39, §3477.5; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §223.16, 223.20; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §222.78]93 Acts, ch 97, §27; 98 Acts, ch 1218, §70; 2000 Acts, ch 1112, §51; 2012 Acts, ch 1019, §57; 2012 Acts, ch 1120, §88, 130; 2013 Acts, ch 130, §28, 35; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §437; 2024 Acts, ch 1161, §46, 137
Iowa Code § 358C.12 — IA Code / Title IX / Chapter 358C / Section 358C.12
Real estate improvement district to be a body corporate — eminent domain.
Status: in_force

(1) Each district organized under this chapter shall be a body corporate and politic, with the name and style under which it was organized, and by that name and style may sue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, acquire and hold real and personal property necessary for corporate purposes, adopt a corporate seal and alter the same at pleasure, and exercise all the powers conferred in this chapter.

(2) All courts of this state shall take judicial notice of the existence of real estate improvement districts organized under this chapter.

(3) A district shall not own or hold land in excess of ten acres unless the land is actually used for a public purpose within three years of its acquisition. A district which owns or holds land in excess of ten acres for more than three years without devoting it to a public purpose as provided in this chapter shall divest itself of the land by public auction to the highest bidder.

(4) A district may acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or gift, real or personal property, right-of-way, and easement within or without its corporate limits necessary for its corporate purposes specified in section 358C.4.

(5) If the board of trustees of the district decide to make a public improvement pursuant to this chapter which requires that private property be taken or damaged, the board may exercise the power of eminent domain. The procedure to condemn property shall be exercised in the manner provided in chapter 6B.

(6) A district shall comply with all city building and use codes for owner-occupied residential housing and shall comply with all city design and construction standards for the public improvements authorized in section 358C.4.

(7) A district shall not incorporate as a city if all or the major part of the district is within two miles of the boundaries of a city at the time the district is approved.

(8) The provisions of chapters 21 and 22 applicable to cities, counties, and school districts apply to the district. The records of the district are subject to audit pursuant to section 11.6.

95 Acts, ch 200, §122025 Acts, ch 30, §60