FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 18 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 18
Eminent domain — drainage ditches and levees. Private property shall not be
Status: in_force

Sec. 18. Eminent domain — drainage ditches and levees. Private property shall not be 
taken for public use without just compensation first being made, or secured to be made to 
the owner thereof, as soon as the damages shall be assessed by a jury, who shall not take into 
consideration any advantages that may result to said owner on account of the improvement 
for which it is taken. 
The general assembly, however, may pass laws permitting the owners of lands to construct 
drains, ditches, and levees for agricultural, sanitary or mining purposes across the lands of 
others, and provide for the organization of drainage districts, vest the proper authorities 
with power to construct and maintain levees, drains and ditches and to keep in repair all 
drains, ditches, and levees heretofore constructed under the laws of the state, by special 
assessments upon the property benefited thereby. The general assembly may provide by 
law for the condemnation of such real estate as shall be necessary for the construction and 
maintenance of such drains, ditches and levees, and prescribe the method of making such 
condemnation. 
Paragraph 2 added by Amendment 13 (1908)
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 39 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 39
Legislative districts. In establishing senatorial and representative districts, the state shall be divided into as many senatorial districts as there are members of the senate and into as many represe
Status: in_force

Sec. 39. Legislative districts. In establishing senatorial and representative districts, the state shall be divided into as many senatorial districts as there are members of the senate and into as many representative districts as there are members of the house of representatives.

xiii CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED), ART. IV, §4

One senator shall be elected from each senatorial district and one representative shall be 
elected from each representative district. 
Added by Amendment 29 (1970) 
See also this codified Iowa Constitution, Art. III, §34
Iowa Const. art. 9, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 9 / Section 1
Board of education. 2. Eligibility. 3. Election of members. 4. First session. 5. Limitation of sessions. 6. Secretary. 7. Rules and regulations. 8. Power to legislate. 9. Governor ex officio a member.
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Board of education. 2. Eligibility. 3. Election of members. 4. First session. 5. Limitation of sessions. 6. Secretary. 7. Rules and regulations. 8. Power to legislate. 9. Governor ex officio a member. 10. Expenses. 11. State university. 12. Common schools. 13. Compensation. 14. Quorum — style of acts. 15. Board may be abolished.

2ND. SCHOOL FUNDS AND SCHOOL LANDS.

SEC. 1. Control — management. 2. Permanent fund. 3. Perpetual support fund. 4. Fines — how appropriated. [Repealed] 5. Proceeds of lands. 6. Agents of school funds. 7. Distribution. [Repealed]
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 14 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 14
Military. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army shall be kept up by the state in time of peace; and in time of war, no appropriation for a standing army shall be for a
Status: in_force

Sec. 14. Military. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army shall be kept up by the state in time of peace; and in time of war, no appropriation for a standing army shall be for a longer time than two years.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 1A — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 1A
Right to keep and bear arms. The right of the people to keep and bear arms
Status: in_force

Sec. 1A. Right to keep and bear arms. The right of the people to keep and bear arms 
shall not be infringed. The sovereign state of Iowa affirms and recognizes this right to be a 
fundamental individual right. Any and all restrictions of this right shall be subject to strict 
scrutiny. 
Added by Amendment 49 (2022)
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 37 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 37
Congressional districts. When a congressional district is composed of two or
Status: in_force

Sec. 37. Congressional districts. When a congressional district is composed of two or 
more counties it shall not be entirely separated by a county belonging to another district and 
no county shall be divided in forming a congressional district. 
Repealed and rewritten by Amendment 26 (1968) 
Referred to in Iowa Code §42.4
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 32 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 32
Oath of members. Members of the general assembly shall, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: “I do solemnly swear, or af
Status: in_force

Sec. 32. Oath of members. Members of the general assembly shall, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: “I do solemnly swear, or affirm, (as the case may be,) that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Iowa, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of senator, (or representative, as the case may be,) according to the best of my ability”. And members of the general assembly are hereby empowered to administer to each other the said oath or affirmation.

ART. III, §33, CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED) xii
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 29 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 29
Acts — one subject — expressed in title. Every Act shall embrace but one subject, and matters properly connected therewith; which subject shall be expressed in the title. But if any subject shall be e
Status: in_force

Sec. 29. Acts — one subject — expressed in title. Every Act shall embrace but one subject, and matters properly connected therewith; which subject shall be expressed in the title. But if any subject shall be embraced in an Act which shall not be expressed in the title, such Act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be expressed in the title.
Iowa Const. art. 2, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 2 / Section 1
Electors. 2. Privileged from arrest. 3. From military duty. 4. Persons in military service. 5. Disqualified persons. 6. Ballot.
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Electors. 2. Privileged from arrest. 3. From military duty. 4. Persons in military service. 5. Disqualified persons. 6. Ballot.

i

CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED) ii

7. General election.
Iowa Const. art. 6, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 6 / Section 1
Composition — training. 2. Exemption. 3. Officers.
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Composition — training. 2. Exemption. 3. Officers.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 39A — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 39A
Counties home rule. Counties or joint county-municipal corporation
Status: in_force

Sec. 39A. Counties home rule. Counties or joint county-municipal corporation 
governments are granted home rule power and authority, not inconsistent with the laws of 
the general assembly, to determine their local affairs and government, except that they shall 
not have power to levy any tax unless expressly authorized by the general assembly. The 
general assembly may provide for the creation and dissolution of joint county-municipal 
corporation governments. The general assembly may provide for the establishment of 
charters in county or joint county-municipal corporation governments. 
If the power or authority of a county conflicts with the power and authority of a municipal 
corporation, the power and authority exercised by a municipal corporation shall prevail 
within its jurisdiction. 
The proposition or rule of law that a county or joint county-municipal corporation 
government possesses and can exercise only those powers granted in express words is not 
a part of the law of this state. 
Added by Amendment 37 (1978)
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 1
Supreme law — constitutionality of acts. 2. Laws in force. 3. Proceedings not affected. [Omitted] 4. Fines inure to the state. [Repealed]
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Supreme law — constitutionality of acts. 2. Laws in force. 3. Proceedings not affected. [Omitted] 4. Fines inure to the state. [Repealed]

5. Bonds in force. [Omitted] 
6. First election for governor 
and lieutenant governor. 
[Omitted] 
7. First election of officers. 
[Omitted] 
8. For judges of supreme court. 
[Omitted] 
9. General assembly — first 
session. [Omitted] 
10. Senators. [Omitted] 
11. Offices not vacated. [Omitted] 
12. Judicial districts. [Omitted] 
13. Submission of Constitution. 
[Omitted] 
14. Proposition to strike out the 
word “white”. [Omitted] 
15. Mills county. [Omitted] 
16. General election. [Omitted] 

Preamble. WE THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF IOWA, grateful to the Supreme Being for the blessings hitherto enjoyed, and feeling our dependence on Him for a continuation of those blessings, do ordain and establish a free and independent government, by the name of the State of Iowa, the boundaries whereof shall be as follows:

Boundaries. Beginning in the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River, at a 
point due east of the middle of the mouth of the main channel of the Des Moines River, thence 
up the middle of the main channel of the said Des Moines River, to a point on said river where 
the northern boundary line of the state of Missouri — as established by the Constitution of 
that state — adopted June 12th, 1820 — crosses the said middle of the main channel of the 
said Des Moines River; thence westwardly along the said northern boundary line of the state 
of Missouri, as established at the time aforesaid, until an extension of said line intersects the 
middle of the main channel of the Missouri River; thence up the middle of the main channel 
of the said Missouri River to a point opposite the middle of the main channel of the Big 
Sioux River, according to Nicollett’s Map;* thence up the main channel of the said Big Sioux 
River, according to the said map, until it is intersected by the parallel of forty three degrees 
and thirty minutes north latitude; thence east along said parallel of forty three degrees and 
thirty minutes until said parallel intersects the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River; thence down the middle of the main channel of said Mississippi River to the place of 
beginning. 
*In the original text, a colon was used, see original Constitution preamble 
See boundary compromise agreements at the end of the last volume of the Code 

ARTICLE I.

BILL OF RIGHTS.

Section 1. Rights of persons. All men and women are, by nature, free and equal, and 
have certain inalienable rights — among which are those of enjoying and defending life and 
liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety and 
happiness. 
Amended by Amendment 45 (1998) 

v CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED), ART. I, §10
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 33 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 33
Census. Repealed by Amendment 17 (1936).
Status: in_force

Sec. 33. Census. Repealed by Amendment 17 (1936).
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 20 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 20
Right of assemblage — petition. The people have the right freely to
Status: in_force

Sec. 20. Right of assemblage — petition. The people have the right freely to 
assemble together to counsel for the common good; to make known their opinions to their 
representatives and to petition for a redress of grievances.
Iowa Const. art. 1, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 1 / Section 1
Rights of persons. 1A. Right to keep and bear arms. 2. Political power. 3. Religion. 4. Religious test — witnesses. 5. Dueling. [Repealed] 6. Laws uniform. 7. Liberty of speech and press. 8. Personal 
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Rights of persons. 1A. Right to keep and bear arms. 2. Political power. 3. Religion. 4. Religious test — witnesses. 5. Dueling. [Repealed] 6. Laws uniform. 7. Liberty of speech and press. 8. Personal security — searches and seizures. 9. Right of trial by jury — due process of law. 10. Rights of persons accused. 11. When indictment necessary — grand jury. 12. Twice tried — bail. 13. Habeas corpus.

14. Military. 
15. Quartering soldiers. 
16. Treason. 
17. Bail — punishments. 
18. Eminent domain — drainage 
ditches and levees. 
19. Imprisonment for debt. 
20. Right of assemblage — petition. 
21. Attainder — ex post facto law 
— obligation of contract. 
22. Resident aliens. 
23. Slavery — penal servitude. 
24. Agricultural leases. 
25. Rights reserved.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 19 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 19
Imprisonment for debt. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, on mesne or final process, unless in case of fraud; and no person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of p
Status: in_force

Sec. 19. Imprisonment for debt. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, on mesne or final process, unless in case of fraud; and no person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of peace.

vii CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED), ART. II, §7
Iowa Const. art. 10, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 10 / Section 1
How proposed — submission. 2. More than one amendment. 3. Constitutional convention.
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. How proposed — submission. 2. More than one amendment. 3. Constitutional convention.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 31 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 31
Extra compensation — payment of claims — appropriations for local or private purposes. No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, public agent, or contractor, after the service shall have bee
Status: in_force

Sec. 31. Extra compensation — payment of claims — appropriations for local or private purposes. No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, public agent, or contractor, after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into; nor, shall any money be paid on any claim, the subject matter of which shall not have been provided for by preexisting laws, and no public money or property shall be appropriated for local, or private purposes, unless such appropriation, compensation, or claim, be allowed by two thirds of the members elected to each branch of the general assembly.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 3 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 3
Religion. The general assembly shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; nor shall any person be compelled to attend any place of worship, pa
Status: in_force

Sec. 3. Religion. The general assembly shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; nor shall any person be compelled to attend any place of worship, pay tithes, taxes, or other rates for building or repairing places of worship, or the maintenance of any minister, or ministry.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 38A — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 38A
Municipal home rule. Municipal corporations are granted home rule power
Status: in_force

Sec. 38A. Municipal home rule. Municipal corporations are granted home rule power 
and authority, not inconsistent with the laws of the general assembly, to determine their local 
affairs and government, except that they shall not have power to levy any tax unless expressly 
authorized by the general assembly. 
The rule or proposition of law that a municipal corporation possesses and can exercise only 
those powers granted in express words is not a part of the law of this state. 
Added by Amendment 25 (1968)
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 5 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 5
Dueling. Repealed by Amendment 43 (1992).
Status: in_force

Sec. 5. Dueling. Repealed by Amendment 43 (1992).
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 15 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 15
Quartering soldiers. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.
Status: in_force

Sec. 15. Quartering soldiers. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 10 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 10
Rights of persons accused. In all criminal prosecutions, and in cases involving the life, or liberty of an individual the accused shall have a right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury; 
Status: in_force

Sec. 10. Rights of persons accused. In all criminal prosecutions, and in cases involving the life, or liberty of an individual the accused shall have a right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury; to be informed of the accusation against him, to have a copy of the same when demanded; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for his witnesses; and, to have the assistance of counsel.

ART. I, §11, CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED) vi
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 2 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 2
Political power. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security, and benefit of the people, and they have the right, at all times, to alter or ref
Status: in_force

Sec. 2. Political power. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security, and benefit of the people, and they have the right, at all times, to alter or reform the same, whenever the public good may require it.
Iowa Const. art. 5, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 5 / Section 1
Courts. 2. Supreme court.
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Courts. 2. Supreme court.

iii CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF IOWA (CODIFIED)

3. Election of judges — term. 
[Repealed] 
4. Jurisdiction of supreme court. 
5. District court and judge. 
[Repealed] 
6. Jurisdiction of district court. 
7. Conservators of the peace. 
8. Style of process. 
9. Salaries. [Repealed] 
10. Judicial districts. 
11. Judges — when chosen. 
[Repealed] 
12. Attorney general. 
13. District attorney. [Repealed] 
14. System of court practice. 
15. Vacancies in courts. 
16. State and district nominating 
commissions. 
17. Terms — judicial elections. 
18. Salaries — qualifications — 
retirement. 
19. Retirement and discipline of 
judges.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 27 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 27
Divorce. No divorce shall be granted by the general assembly.
Status: in_force

Sec. 27. Divorce. No divorce shall be granted by the general assembly.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 12 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 12
Twice tried — bail. No person shall after acquittal, be tried for the same offence. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable, by sufficient sureties, except for capital offences where the pro
Status: in_force

Sec. 12. Twice tried — bail. No person shall after acquittal, be tried for the same offence. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable, by sufficient sureties, except for capital offences where the proof is evident, or the presumption great.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 36 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 36
Review by supreme court. Upon verified application by any qualified elector,
Status: in_force

Sec. 36. Review by supreme court. Upon verified application by any qualified elector, 
the supreme court shall review an apportionment plan adopted by the general assembly which 
has been enacted into law. Should the supreme court determine such plan does not comply 
with the requirements of the Constitution, the court shall within ninety days adopt or cause 
to be adopted an apportionment plan which shall so comply. The supreme court shall have 
original jurisdiction of all litigation questioning the apportionment of the general assembly 
or any apportionment plan adopted by the general assembly. 
Repealed and rewritten by Amendment 26 (1968)
Iowa Const. art. 4, § 1 — Iowa Constitution / Article 4 / Section 1
Governor. 2. Election and term. 3. Governor and lieutenant governor elected jointly — returns of elections. 4. Election by general assembly in case of tie — succession by lieutenant governor. 5. Conte
Status: in_force

SEC. 1. Governor. 2. Election and term. 3. Governor and lieutenant governor elected jointly — returns of elections. 4. Election by general assembly in case of tie — succession by lieutenant governor. 5. Contested elections. 6. Eligibility. 7. Commander in chief. 8. Duties of governor. 9. Execution of laws. 10. Vacancies. 11. Convening general assembly. 12. Message. 13. Adjournment. 14. Disqualification. 15. Terms — compensation. 16. Pardons — reprieves — commutations. 17. Lieutenant governor to act as governor. 18. Duties of lieutenant governor. 19. Succession to office of governor and lieutenant governor. 20. Seal of state. 21. Grants and commissions. 22. Secretary — auditor — treasurer.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 23 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 23
Slavery — penal servitude. There shall be no slavery in this state; nor shall
Status: in_force

Sec. 23. Slavery — penal servitude. There shall be no slavery in this state; nor shall 
there be involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 6 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 6
Laws uniform. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation; the general assembly shall not grant to any citizen, or class of citizens, privileges or immunities, which, upon the same ter
Status: in_force

Sec. 6. Laws uniform. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation; the general assembly shall not grant to any citizen, or class of citizens, privileges or immunities, which, upon the same terms shall not equally belong to all citizens.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 13 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 13
Habeas corpus. The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, or refused when application is made as required by law, unless in case of rebellion, or invasion the public safety may require it.
Status: in_force

Sec. 13. Habeas corpus. The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, or refused when application is made as required by law, unless in case of rebellion, or invasion the public safety may require it.
Iowa Const. art. 12, § 35 — Iowa Constitution / Article 12 / Section 35
Senators and representatives — number and districts. The general assembly
Status: in_force

Sec. 35. Senators and representatives — number and districts. The general assembly 
shall in 1971 and in each year immediately following the United States decennial census 
determine the number of senators and representatives to be elected to the general assembly 
and establish senatorial and representative districts. The general assembly shall complete 
the apportionment prior to September 1 of the year so required. If the apportionment fails 
to become law prior to September 15 of such year, the supreme court shall cause the state to 
be apportioned into senatorial and representative districts to comply with the requirements 
of the Constitution prior to December 31 of such year. The reapportioning authority shall, 
where necessary in establishing senatorial districts, shorten the term of any senator prior to 
completion of the term. Any senator whose term is so terminated shall not be compensated 
for the uncompleted part of the term. 
Repealed and rewritten by Amendment 26 (1968) 
Referred to in Iowa Code §49.3