Fla. Stat. § 767.12 — Florida Code / Title XLV / Chapter 767 / Part II / Section 767.12
767.12 Classification of dogs as dangerous; owner requirements; penalty.
Status: in_force

(1) An animal control authority shall investigate reported incidents involving any dog that may be dangerous and, if possible, shall interview the owner and require a sworn affidavit from any person, including any animal control officer or enforcement officer, desiring to have a dog classified as dangerous. (a) An animal that is the subject of a dangerous dog investigation and that has killed a human being or has bitten a human being and left a bite mark that scores 5 or higher on the Dunbar bite scale must be immediately confiscated by an animal control authority; placed in quarantine, if necessary, for the proper length of time; impounded; and held. The animal must be held pending the outcome of the investigation and any hearings or appeals related to the dangerous dog classification or any penalty imposed under this section. If the dog is to be destroyed, the dog may not be destroyed while an appeal is pending. The owner is responsible for payment of all boarding costs and other fees as may be required to humanely and safely keep the animal pending any hearing or appeal. (b) An animal that is the subject of any other dangerous dog investigation may be immediately confiscated by an animal control authority; placed in quarantine, if necessary, for the proper length of time; impounded; and held. An animal that is not impounded with the animal control authority must be confined by the owner in a proper enclosure pending the outcome of the investigation and the resolution of any hearings or appeals related to the dangerous dog classification or any penalty imposed under this section. The owner shall provide the address at which the animal resides to the animal control authority. A dog that is the subject of a dangerous dog investigation may not be relocated or have its ownership transferred pending the outcome of the investigation and any hearings or appeals related to the dangerous dog classification or any penalty imposed under this section. If a dog is to be destroyed, the dog may not be relocated or have its ownership transferred.

(2) A dog may not be declared dangerous if any of the following apply: (a) The threat, injury, or damage was sustained by a person who, at the time, was unlawfully on the property or who, while lawfully on the property, was tormenting, abusing, or assaulting the dog or its owner or a family member. (b) The dog was protecting or defending a human being within the immediate vicinity of the dog from an unjustified attack or assault.

(3) After the investigation, the animal control authority shall make an initial determination as to whether there is sufficient cause to classify the dog as dangerous and, if sufficient cause is found, as to the appropriate penalty. The animal control authority shall afford the owner an opportunity for a hearing before making a final determination regarding the classification or penalty. The animal control authority shall provide written notification of the sufficient cause finding and proposed penalty to the owner by registered mail or certified hand delivery or service in conformance with the provisions of chapter 48 relating to service of process. The owner may file a written request for a hearing regarding the dangerous dog classification, penalty, or both, within 7 calendar days after receipt of the notification of the sufficient cause finding and proposed penalty. If the owner requests a hearing, the hearing must be held as soon as possible, but not later than 21 calendar days and not sooner than 5 days after receipt of the request from the owner. If a hearing is not timely requested regarding the dangerous dog classification or proposed penalty, the determination of the animal control authority as to such matter is final. Each applicable local governing authority shall establish hearing procedures that conform to this subsection.

(4) Upon a dangerous dog classification and penalty becoming final after a hearing or by operation of law pursuant to subsection (3), the animal control authority shall provide a written final order to the owner by registered mail or certified hand delivery or service in conformance with the provisions of chapter 48 relating to service of process. The owner may appeal the classification or penalty, or both, to the circuit court in accordance with the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure after receipt of the final order. If the dog is not held by the animal control authority, the owner must confine the dog in a proper enclosure pending resolution of the appeal. Each applicable local governing authority must establish appeal procedures that conform to this subsection.

(5)(a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b), the owner of a dog classified as a dangerous dog shall do all of the following: 1. Upon issuance of the final order classifying the dog as dangerous or the conclusion of any appeal that affirms such final order, obtain a certificate of registration for the dog from the animal control authority serving the area in which he or she resides, and renew the certificate annually. Animal control authorities may issue such certificates of registration, and renewals thereof, only to persons who are at least 18 years of age and who present to the animal control authority sufficient evidence of all of the following: a. A current certificate of rabies vaccination for the dog. b. A proper enclosure to confine the dangerous dog and the posting of the premises with a clearly visible warning sign at all entry points which informs both children and adults of the presence of a dangerous dog on the property. c. Permanent identification of the dog by implantation of a microchip. Any person who knowingly and willfully removes a microchip implanted pursuant to this sub-subparagraph commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. d. The dog having been spayed or neutered. e. Liability insurance as required by subparagraph 2. The appropriate governmental unit may impose an annual fee for the issuance of certificates of registration required by this section. 2. Upon issuance of the final order classifying the dog as dangerous or the conclusion of any appeal that affirms such final order, obtain liability insurance coverage in an amount of at least $100,000 to cover damages resulting from an attack by the dangerous dog causing bodily injury to a person and provide proof of the required liability insurance coverage to the animal control authority for the area in which the dog is kept. 3. Immediately notify the appropriate animal control authority when the dog: a. Is loose or unconfined; b. Has bitten a human being or attacked another animal; c. Is sold, given away, or dies; or d. Is moved to another address. 4. Before selling or giving away the dangerous dog, provide the name, address, and telephone number of the new owner to the animal control authority. a. The new owner must comply with this section and any implementing local ordinances, even if the animal is moved from one local jurisdiction to another within this state, and must notify the animal control authority that the dog is in the authority’s jurisdiction. b. If a dangerous dog has killed a human being or has bitten a human being and left a bite mark that scores 5 or higher on the Dunbar bite scale and is surrendered to an animal control authority, the authority must humanely euthanize the dog. c. For any other dangerous dog that is surrendered to an animal control authority, the authority may humanely euthanize the dog. If the animal control authority elects to place the animal for adoption, it must post signage on the dog’s enclosure to inform potential adopters that the dog has been declared dangerous and inform any adopter of the dog owner’s requirements under this section. The animal control authority must provide a person who adopts a dangerous dog with a copy of the declaration and must require them to sign a contract with the authority agreeing to abide by the requirements of the declaration. 5. Not allow the dog to be outside a proper enclosure unless the dog is muzzled and restrained by a substantial chain or leash and under control of a competent person. The muzzle must be made in a manner that will not cause injury to the dog or interfere with its vision or respiration but will prevent it from biting a person or an animal. The owner may exercise the dog on the owner’s property in a proper enclosure without a muzzle or leash if the dog remains within the owner’s sight and only members of the immediate household or persons 18 years of age or older, if applicable, are allowed in the enclosure when the dog is present. When being transported, such dogs must be safely and securely restrained within a vehicle. (b) If a dog is classified as a dangerous dog due to an incident that causes severe injury to a human being, based upon the nature and circumstances of the injury and the likelihood of a future threat to the public safety, health, and welfare, the dog may be destroyed in an expeditious and humane manner.

(6) Hunting dogs are exempt from this section when engaged in any legal hunt or training procedure. Dogs engaged in training or exhibiting in legal sports such as obedience trials, conformation shows, field trials, hunting/retrieving trials, and herding trials are exempt from this section when engaged in any legal procedures. However, such dogs at all other times in all other respects are subject to this and local laws. Dogs that have been classified as dangerous may not be used for hunting purposes.

(7) A person who violates this section commits a noncriminal infraction, punishable by a fine not to exceed $1,000 per violation. In addition, any person who resists or obstructs an animal control authority in enforcing this section commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History: s. 3, ch. 90-180; s. 3, ch. 93-13; s. 3, ch. 94-339; s. 1157, ch. 97-102; s. 2, ch. 2016-16; s. 5, ch. 2025-61.