FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Fla. Const. art. I, § 8 — Article I / Section 8
FL Const., Article I, Section 8
Status: in_force

: Right to bear arms [ edit ] (a) The right of the people to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves and of the lawful authority of the state shall not be infringed , except that the manner of bearing arms may be regulated by law. (b) There shall be a mandatory period of three days , excluding weekends and legal holidays, between the purchase and delivery at retail of any handgun . For the purposes of this section, "purchase" means the transfer of money or other valuable consideration to the retailer, and "handgun" means a firearm capable of being carried and used by one hand, such as a pistol or revolver . Holders of a concealed weapon permit as prescribed in Florida law shall not be subject to the provisions of this paragraph. (c) The legislature shall enact legislation implementing subsection (b) of this section, effective no later than December 31, 1991, which shall provide that anyone violating the provisions of subsection (b) shall be guilty of a felony . (d) This restriction shall not apply to a trade in of another handgun. History. --Am. C.S. for S.J.R. 43, 1989; adopted 1990.
Fla. Const. art. VII, § 17 — Article VII / Section 17
FL Const., Article VII, Section 17
Status: in_force

: Bonds for acquiring transportation right-of-way or for constructing bridges [ edit ] (a) When authorized by law, state bonds pledging the full faith and credit of the state may be issued, without a vote of the electors, to finance or refinance the cost of acquiring real property or the rights to real property for state roads as defined by law, or to finance or refinance the cost of state bridge construction, and purposes incidental to such property acquisition or state bridge construction. (b) Bonds issued under this section shall be secured by a pledge of and shall be payable primarily from motor fuel or special fuel taxes, except those defined in Section 9(c) of Article XII, as provided by law, and shall additionally be secured by the full faith and credit of the state. (c) No bonds shall be issued under this section unless a state fiscal agency, created by law, has made a determination that in no state fiscal year will the debt service requirements of the bonds proposed to be issued and all other bonds secured by the same pledged revenues exceed ninety percent of the pledged revenues available for payment of such debt service requirements, as defined by law. For the purposes of this subsection, the term "pledged revenues" means all revenues pledged to the payment of debt service, excluding any pledge of the full faith and credit of the state. History. --Added, C.S. for C.S. for S.J.R. 391, 1988; adopted 1988.
Fla. Const. art. I, § 22 — Article I / Section 22
FL Const., Article I, Section 22
Status: in_force

: Trial by jury [ edit ] The right of trial by jury shall be secure to all and remain inviolate. The qualifications and the number of jurors, not fewer than six, shall be fixed by law.
Fla. Const. art. XII, § 8 — Article XII / Section 8
FL Const., Article XII, Section 8
Status: in_force

: Public debts recognized [ edit ] All bonds, revenue certificates, revenue bonds and tax anticipation certificates issued pursuant to the Constitution of 1885, as amended by the state, any agency, political subdivision or public corporation of the state shall remain in full force and effect and shall be secured by the same sources of revenue as before the adoption of this revision, and, to the extent necessary to effectuate this section, the applicable provisions of the Constitution of 1885, as amended, are retained as a part of this revision until payment in full of these public securities.
Fla. Const. art. I, § 25 — Article I / Section 25
FL Const., Article I, Section 25
Status: in_force

: Taxpayers' Bill of Rights [ edit ] By general law the legislature shall prescribe and adopt a Taxpayers' Bill of Rights that, in clear and concise language, sets forth taxpayers' rights and responsibilities and government's responsibilities to deal fairly with taxpayers under the laws of this state. This section shall be effective July 1, 1993. History. --Proposed by Taxation and Budget Reform Commission, Revision No. 2, 1992, filed with the Secretary of State May 7, 1992; adopted 1992. Note. --This section, originally designated section 24 by Revision No. 2 of the Taxation and Budget Reform Commission, 1992, was redesignated section 25 by the editors in order to avoid confusion with section 24 as contained in HJRs 1727, 863, 2035, 1992.
Fla. Const. art. XII, § 13 — Article XII / Section 13
FL Const., Article XII, Section 13
Status: in_force

: Legislative apportionment [ edit ] The requirements of legislative apportionment in Section 16 of Article III of this revision shall apply only to the apportionment of the legislature following the decennial census of 1970, and thereafter.
Fla. Const. art. VI, § 1 — Article VI / Section 1
FL Const., Article VI, Section 1
Status: in_force

:Regulation of elections [ edit ] All elections by the people shall be by direct and secret vote. General elections shall be determined by a plurality of votes cast. Registration and elections shall, and political party functions may, be regulated by law; however, the requirements for a candidate with no party affiliation or for a candidate of a minor party for placement of the candidate's name on the ballot shall be no greater than the requirements for a candidate of the party having the largest number of registered voters. History. --Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 11, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
Fla. Const. art. VII, § 9 — Article VII / Section 9
FL Const., Article VII, Section 9
Status: in_force

: Local taxes [ edit ] (a) Counties, school districts, and municipalities shall, and special districts may, be authorized by law to levy ad valorem taxes and may be authorized by general law to levy other taxes, for their respective purposes, except ad valorem taxes on intangible personal property and taxes prohibited by this constitution. (b) Ad valorem taxes, exclusive of taxes levied for the payment of bonds and taxes levied for periods not longer than two years when authorized by vote of the electors who are the owners of freeholds therein not wholly exempt from taxation, shall not be levied in excess of the following millages upon the assessed value of real estate and tangible personal property: for all county purposes, ten mills; for all municipal purposes, ten mills; for all school purposes, ten mills; for water management purposes for the northwest portion of the state lying west of the line between ranges two and three east, 0.05 mill; for water management purposes for the remaining portions of the state, 1.0 mill; and for all other special districts a millage authorized by law approved by vote of the electors who are owners of freeholds therein not wholly exempt from taxation. A county furnishing municipal services may, to the extent authorized by law, levy additional taxes within the limits fixed for municipal purposes. History. --Am. S.J.R. 1061, 1975; adopted 1976.
Fla. Const. art. IV, § 13 — Article IV / Section 13
FL Const., Article IV, Section 13
Status: in_force

: Revenue Shortfalls [ edit ] In the event of revenue shortfalls, as defined by general law, the governor and cabinet may establish all necessary reductions in the state budget in order to comply with the provisions of Article VII, Section 1(d). The governor and cabinet shall implement all necessary reductions for the executive budget, the chief justice of the supreme court shall implement all necessary reductions for the judicial budget, and the speaker of the house of representatives and the president of the senate shall implement all necessary reductions for the legislative budget. Budget reductions pursuant to this section shall be consistent with the provisions of Article III, Section 19(h). History. --Proposed by Taxation and Budget Reform Commission Revision No. 1, 1992, filed with the Secretary of State May 7, 1992; adopted 1992.
Fla. Const. art. IV, § 4 — Article IV / Section 4
FL Const., Article IV, Section 4
Status: in_force

: Cabinet [ edit ] (a) There shall be a cabinet composed of an attorney general, a chief financial officer, and a commissioner of agriculture. In addition to the powers and duties specified herein, they shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. In the event of a tie vote of the governor and cabinet, the side on which the governor voted shall be deemed to prevail. (b) The attorney general shall be the chief state legal officer. There is created in the office of the attorney general the position of statewide prosecutor. The statewide prosecutor shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the state attorneys to prosecute violations of criminal laws occurring or having occurred, in two or more judicial circuits as part of a related transaction, or when any such offense is affecting or has affected two or more judicial circuits as provided by general law. The statewide prosecutor shall be appointed by the attorney general from not less than three persons nominated by the judicial nominating commission for the supreme court, or as otherwise provided by general law. (c) The chief financial officer shall serve as the chief fiscal officer of the state, and shall settle and approve accounts against the state, and shall keep all state funds and securities. (d) The commissioner of agriculture shall have supervision of matters pertaining to agriculture except as otherwise provided by law. (e) The governor as chair, the chief financial officer, and the attorney general shall constitute the state board of administration, which shall succeed to all the power, control, and authority of the state board of administration established pursuant to Article IX, Section 16 of the Constitution of 1885, and which shall continue as a body at least for the life of Article XII, Section 9(c). (f) The governor as chair, the chief financial officer, the attorney general, and the commissioner of agriculture shall constitute the trustees of the internal improvement trust fund and the land acquisition trust fund as provided by law. (g) The governor as chair, the chief financial officer, the attorney general, and the commissioner of agriculture shall constitute the agency head of the Department of Law Enforcement. History. --Am. H.J.R. 435, 1983; adopted 1984; Am. H.J.R. 386, 1985; adopted 1986; Ams. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision Nos. 8 and 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
Fla. Const. art. III, § 15 — Article III / Section 15
FL Const., Article III, Section 15
Status: in_force

: Terms and qualifications of legislators [ edit ] (a) SENATORS. Senators shall be elected for terms of four years, those from odd-numbered districts in the years the numbers of which are multiples of four and those from even-numbered districts in even-numbered years the numbers of which are not multiples of four; except, at the election next following a reapportionment, some senators shall be elected for terms of two years when necessary to maintain staggered terms. (b) REPRESENTATIVES. Members of the house of representatives shall be elected for terms of two years in each even-numbered year. (c) QUALIFICATIONS. Each legislator shall be at least twenty-one years of age, an elector and resident of the district from which elected and shall have resided in the state for a period of two years prior to election. (d) ASSUMING OFFICE; VACANCIES. Members of the legislature shall take office upon election. Vacancies in legislative office shall be filled only by election as provided by law.
Fla. Const. art. I, § 7 — Article I / Section 7
FL Const., Article I, Section 7
Status: in_force

: Military power [ edit ] The military power shall be subordinate to the civil .
Fla. Const. art. IV, § 10 — Article IV / Section 10
FL Const., Article IV, Section 10
Status: in_force

: Attorney General [ edit ] The attorney general shall, as directed by general law, request the opinion of the justices of the supreme court as to the validity of any initiative petition circulated pursuant to Section 3 of Article XI. The justices shall, subject to their rules of procedure, permit interested persons to be heard on the questions presented and shall render their written opinion no later than April 1 of the year in which the initiative is to be submitted to the voters pursuant to Section 5 of Article XI. History. --Added, H.J.R. 71, 1986; adopted 1986; Am. S.J.R. 2394, 2004; adopted 2004.
Fla. Const. art. III, § 1 — Article III / Section 1
FL Const., Article III, Section 1
Status: in_force

: Composition [ edit ] The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a legislature of the State of Florida, consisting of a senate composed of one senator elected from each senatorial district and a house of representatives composed of one member elected from each representative district.
Fla. Const. art. XII, § 12 — Article XII / Section 12
FL Const., Article XII, Section 12
Status: in_force

: Senators [ edit ] The requirements of staggered terms of senators in Section 15(a), of Article III of this revision shall apply only to senators elected in November, 1972, and thereafter.
Fla. Const. art. III, § 4 — Article III / Section 4
FL Const., Article III, Section 4
Status: in_force

: Quorum and procedure [ edit ] (a) A majority of the membership of each house shall constitute a quorum , but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as it may prescribe. Each house shall determine its rules of procedure. (b) Sessions of each house shall be public; except sessions of the senate when considering appointment to or removal from public office may be closed. (c) Each house shall keep and publish a journal of its proceedings; and upon the request of five members present, the vote of each member voting on any question shall be entered on the journal. In any legislative committee or subcommittee, the vote of each member voting on the final passage of any legislation pending before the committee, and upon the request of any two members of the committee or subcommittee, the vote of each member on any other question, shall be recorded. (d) Each house may punish a member for contempt or disorderly conduct and, by a two-thirds vote of its membership, may expel a member. (e) The rules of procedure of each house shall provide that all legislative committee and subcommittee meetings of each house, and joint conference committee meetings, shall be open and noticed to the public. The rules of procedure of each house shall further provide that all prearranged gatherings, between more than two members of the legislature, or between the governor, the president of the senate, or the speaker of the house of representatives, the purpose of which is to agree upon formal legislative action that will be taken at a subsequent time, or at which formal legislative action is taken, regarding pending legislation or amendments, shall be reasonably open to the public. All open meetings shall be subject to order and decorum. This section shall be implemented and defined by the rules of each house, and such rules shall control admission to the floor of each legislative chamber and may, where reasonably necessary for security purposes or to protect a witness appearing before a committee, provide for the closure of committee meetings. Each house shall be the sole judge for the interpretation, implementation, and enforcement of this section. History. --Am. S.J.R.'s 1990, 2, 1990; adopted 1990.
Fla. Const. art. I, § 21 — Article I / Section 21
FL Const., Article I, Section 21
Status: in_force

: Access to courts [ edit ] The courts shall be open to every person for redress of any injury, and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay .
Fla. Const. art. IX, § 3 — Article IX / Section 3
FL Const., Article IX, Section 3
Status: in_force

: Terms of appointive board members [ edit ] Members of any appointive board dealing with education may serve terms in excess of four years as provided by law.
Fla. Const. art. II, § 3 — Article II / Section 3
FL Const., Article II, Section 3
Status: in_force

: Branches of government [ edit ] The powers of the state government shall be divided into legislative , executive and judicial branches . No person belonging to one branch shall exercise any powers appertaining to either of the other branches unless expressly provided herein .
Fla. Const. art. X, § 2 — Article X / Section 2
FL Const., Article X, Section 2
Status: in_force

: Militia [ edit ] (a) The militia shall be composed of all ablebodied inhabitants of the state who are or have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States; and no person because of religious creed or opinion shall be exempted from military duty except upon conditions provided by law. (b) The organizing, equipping, housing, maintaining, and disciplining of the militia, and the safekeeping of public arms may be provided for by law. (c) The governor shall appoint all commissioned officers of the militia, including an adjutant general who shall be chief of staff. The appointment of all general officers shall be subject to confirmation by the senate. (d) The qualifications of personnel and officers of the federally recognized national guard, including the adjutant general, and the grounds and proceedings for their discipline and removal shall conform to the appropriate United States army or air force regulations and usages.
Fla. Const. art. I, § 2 — Article I / Section 2
FL Const., Article I, Section 2
Status: in_force

: Basic rights [ edit ] All natural persons , female and male alike , are equal before the law and have inalienable rights , among which are the right to enjoy and defend life and liberty, to pursue happiness, to be rewarded for industry, and to acquire, possess and protect property ; except that the ownership, inheritance, disposition and possession of real property by aliens ineligible for citizenship may be regulated or prohibited by law. No person shall be deprived of any right because of race, religion, national origin, or physical disability. History. --Am. S.J.R. 917, 1974; adopted 1974; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 9, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
Fla. Const. art. X, § 15 — Article X / Section 15
FL Const., Article X, Section 15
Status: in_force

: State operated lotteries [ edit ] (a) Lotteries may be operated by the state. (b) If any subsection or subsections of the amendment to the Florida Constitution are held unconstitutional for containing more than one subject, this amendment shall be limited to subsection (a) above. (c) This amendment shall be implemented as follows: (1) Schedule--On the effective date of this amendment, the lotteries shall be known as the Florida Education Lotteries. Net proceeds derived from the lotteries shall be deposited to a state trust fund, to be designated The State Education Lotteries Trust Fund, to be appropriated by the Legislature. The schedule may be amended by general law. History. --Proposed by Initiative Petition filed with the Secretary of State June 10, 1985; adopted 1986.
Fla. Const. art. V, § 4 — Article V / Section 4
FL Const., Article V, Section 4
Status: in_force

: District courts of appeal [ edit ] (a) ORGANIZATION. There shall be a district court of appeal serving each appellate district. Each district court of appeal shall consist of at least three judges. Three judges shall consider each case and the concurrence of two shall be necessary to a decision. (b) JURISDICTION. (1) District courts of appeal shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals, that may be taken as a matter of right, from final judgments or orders of trial courts, including those entered on review of administrative action, not directly appealable to the supreme court or a circuit court. They may review interlocutory orders in such cases to the extent provided by rules adopted by the supreme court. (2) District courts of appeal shall have the power of direct review of administrative action, as prescribed by general law. (3) A district court of appeal or any judge thereof may issue writs of habeas corpus returnable before the court or any judge thereof or before any circuit judge within the territorial jurisdiction of the court. A district court of appeal may issue writs of mandamus, certiorari , prohibition, quo warranto, and other writs necessary to the complete exercise of its jurisdiction. To the extent necessary to dispose of all issues in a cause properly before it, a district court of appeal may exercise any of the appellate jurisdiction of the circuit courts. (c) CLERKS AND MARSHALS. Each district court of appeal shall appoint a clerk and a marshal who shall hold office during the pleasure of the court and perform such duties as the court directs. Their compensation shall be fixed by general law. The marshal shall have the power to execute the process of the court throughout the territorial jurisdiction of the court, and in any county may deputize the sheriff or a deputy sheriff for such purpose. History. --S.J.R. 52-D, 1971; adopted 1972.
Fla. Const. art. VI, § 5 — Article VI / Section 5
FL Const., Article VI, Section 5
Status: in_force

: Primary, general, and special elections [ edit ] (a) A general election shall be held in each county on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of each even-numbered year to choose a successor to each elective state and county officer whose term will expire before the next general election and, except as provided herein, to fill each vacancy in elective office for the unexpired portion of the term. A general election may be suspended or delayed due to a state of emergency or impending emergency pursuant to general law. Special elections and referenda shall be held as provided by law. (b) If all candidates for an office have the same party affiliation and the winner will have no opposition in the general election, all qualified electors, regardless of party affiliation, may vote in the primary elections for that office. History. --Am. S.J.R. 162, 1992; adopted 1992; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 11, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
Fla. Const. art. VII, § 15 — Article VII / Section 15
FL Const., Article VII, Section 15
Status: in_force

: Revenue bonds for scholarship loans [ edit ] (a) When authorized by law, revenue bonds may be issued to establish a fund to make loans to students determined eligible as prescribed by law and who have been admitted to attend any public or private institutions of higher learning, junior colleges, health related training institutions, or vocational training centers, which are recognized or accredited under terms and conditions prescribed by law. Revenue bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be secured by a pledge of and shall be payable primarily from payments of interest, principal, and handling charges to such fund from the recipients of the loans and, if authorized by law, may be additionally secured by student fees and by any other moneys in such fund. There shall be established from the proceeds of each issue of revenue bonds a reserve account in an amount equal to and sufficient to pay the greatest amount of principal, interest, and handling charges to become due on such issue in any ensuing state fiscal year. (b) Interest moneys in the fund established pursuant to this section, not required in any fiscal year for payment of debt service on then outstanding revenue bonds or for maintenance of the reserve account, may be used for educational loans to students determined to be eligible therefor in the manner provided by law, or for such other related purposes as may be provided by law. History. --Added, H.J.R. 46-D, 1971; adopted 1972.